Sesheke District Integrated Development Plan 2024 - 2034

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...................................................................................... 2

1.1 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 3

1.2 LOCATION OF THE DISTRICT IDP AREA ............................................................................................. 3

1.3 GOVERNANCE .................................................................................................................................... 4

1.4 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................................. 5

1.5 GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................... 6

1.6 DRAINAGE AND HYDROGEOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 7

1.7 CLIMATE............................................................................................................................................. 7

1.8 LANDSCAPE AND TOPOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 7

1.9 AIR QUALITY AND NOISE ................................................................................................................... 8

2.0 PLANNING SURVEY AND ISSUES REPORT ...................................................................... 10

2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 10

2.1.1. Population and Population Growth .......................................................................................... 10

2.1.2. Population Characteristics........................................................................................................ 10

2.1.3. Population Projections ............................................................................................................. 12

2.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE EXISTING LAND USE AND SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT .................................................................................................................................................. 14

2.2.1. Overall Settlement Pattern ....................................................................................................... 14

2.2.2. Urbanising Villages and Growth Nodes .................................................................................. 15

2.2.3. Urban Expansion/Peri-Urban Areas......................................................................................... 16

2.2.4. Informal Settlements ................................................................................................................ 17

2.2.5. Other Land Uses....................................................................................................................... 17

2.3 ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE CONTINUATION OF POPULATION GROWTH ON LAND USE AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS ..................................... 18 2.3.1. Impact of Continuation of Population Growth on Overall Settlement Pattern ........................ 18 2.3.2. Impact of the Continuation of Population Growth on Urbanizing Villages and Growth Nodes 18 2.3.3. Assessment of the Availability of Land for Planned Urban Expansion ................................... 19 2.3.4. Impact of the Continuation of Population Growth on Informal Settlements ........................... 19 2.3.5. Impact of the Continuation of Population Growth on Other Land Uses .................................. 19

3.0 SECTORAL AND THEMATIC ANALYSIS ........................................................................... 20

3.1 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION .............................................................................................. 20

3.1.1. Review of Policies and Plans ................................................................................................... 20

3.1.2. Description of the Existing State of Development ................................................................... 20

3.1.3. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process .............................................................. 25 3.1.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years ....................................................... 26 3.1.5. Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities ............................................ 26 ix x SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 3.1.6. Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programmes ......................................... 26 3.1.7. Impact of the Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................. 27

3.1.8. Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................ 27 3.1.9. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups......................................... 27 3.1.10. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing to the Issues Identified....................... 27

3.1.11. Core Problems .......................................................................................................................... 27

3.2 AGRICULTURE SECTOR .................................................................................................................. 28 3.2.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level ....................... 28

3.2.2. Description of the Existing State of Development ................................................................... 29

3.2.3. Assessment of existing state of development........................................................................... 32

3.2.4. Issues Arising From the Public Participation Process.............................................................. 33 3.2.5. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years ....................................................... 33 3.2.6. Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities ............................................ 33 3.2.7. Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programmes ......................................... 34 3.2.8. The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use ........................................... 35

3.2.9. Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................ 35 3.2.10. The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change .............................. 36 3.2.11. The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ................................ 36 3.2.12. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups......................................... 36

3.2.13. Summary .................................................................................................................................. 37 3.2.14. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing To the Issues Identified ..................... 37

3.3 LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES SECTOR ............................................................................................ 38 3.3.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level ....................... 38

3.3.2. Description of the Existing State of Development ................................................................... 38

3.3.3. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process .............................................................. 39 3.3.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated over the next Ten Years......................................................... 40 3.3.5. Existing and Proposed Investment and Development programmes ......................................... 40 3.3.6. The Impact of the Continuation of the Existing Trends on Land Use ..................................... 40

3.3.7. Environmental and Climate Change Analysis ......................................................................... 40 3.3.8. The Impact of Environment and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ................................... 41 3.3.9. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups......................................... 41

3.3.10. Summary .................................................................................................................................. 41

3.4 HEALTH AND NUTRITION SECTOR ................................................................................................ 43

3.4.1. Overview .................................................................................................................................. 43 3.4.2. Key Government Priorities to be implemented at Local Level ................................................ 43

3.4.3. Key Priorities of the 8th national development plan ................................................................. 43

3.4.4. Description of the Existing State of Development ................................................................... 45 3.4.5. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance .................................................. 47

3.4.6. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process .............................................................. 48 3.4.7. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance .................................................. 48 3.4.8. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years ....................................................... 49 3.4.9. The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use ........................................... 49

3.4.10. Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................ 50 3.4.11. Issues arising from the Public Participation Process ................................................................ 50 3.4.12. Issues arising relating to gender groups and vulnerable groups ............................................... 51 3.4.13. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing to the Issues Identified....................... 51

3.4.14. Summary .................................................................................................................................. 51

3.4.15. Summary of core issues ........................................................................................................... 51

3.5 EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SECTOR ....................................................................... 52 x xi SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 3.5.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level ....................... 52

3.5.2. Key priorities of the 8th National Development Plan ............................................................... 52

3.5.3. Description of the Existing State of Development ................................................................... 53

3.5.4. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process .............................................................. 57 3.5.5. Impact Of Changes Anticipated Over The Next Ten Years..................................................... 58 3.5.6. Existing and Proposed Investment And Development Programmes ....................................... 59 3.5.7. The Impact of the Continuation Of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population ................. 59

3.5.8. Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................ 59 3.5.9. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups......................................... 59

3.5.10. Summary .................................................................................................................................. 60 3.5.11. Consideration of The Underlying Factors Contributing to the issues Identified ..................... 60

3.5.12. Summary of Core Problems ..................................................................................................... 60

3.6 WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, SUPPLY AND SANITATION ................................................ 61 3.6.1. Key Government Priorities to be implemented at Local level ................................................. 61

3.6.2. Description of Existing State of Development......................................................................... 61

3.6.3. Issues arising from Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 64 3.6.4. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance .................................................. 65

3.6.5. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten Years ........................................................................ 65 3.6.6. Existing and Proposed Water Resources Development Projects ............................................. 66 3.6.7. Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution...................................................... 67

3.6.8. Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................ 68

3.6.9. Gender and Vulnerable Groups................................................................................................ 68

3.6.10. Summary of Key Issues ........................................................................................................... 68 3.6.11. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues .............................................................. 68

3.6.12. Summary – Core Problems in the Water Sector ...................................................................... 69

3.7 FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENT SECTOR ...................................................................................... 70 3.7.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented at Local Level ............................ 72

3.7.2. Description of the Existing State Of Development .................................................................. 72

3.7.3. Issues from Community and Stakeholder Consultations ......................................................... 75

3.7.4. Impact of Anticipated Changes over the Next Decade ............................................................ 75 3.7.5. Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities ............................................ 75 3.7.6. Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programs ............................................. 75 3.7.7. The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use ........................................... 76

3.7.8. Impact of Environment and Climate Change analysis ............................................................. 76 3.7.9. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups......................................... 77

3.7.10. Summary of core issues ........................................................................................................... 77 3.7.11. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing To the Issues Identified ..................... 77

3.8 SOCIAL PROTECTION SECTOR ....................................................................................................... 77 3.8.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented at a Local Level ......................... 78

3.8.2. Description of the Existing State of Development ................................................................... 78

3.8.3. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process .............................................................. 78 3.8.4. Impact of Changes anticipated Over the Next Ten Years ........................................................ 80 3.8.5. Issues from Public Participation Process Relating to the Quality of Services ......................... 80 3.8.6. Key Priorities of Sector Specific National Plans/Strategies..................................................... 81

3.9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................... 83 3.9.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level ....................... 83

3.9.2. Description of Existing State of Development......................................................................... 83

3.9.3. Issues arising from the Public Participation Process ................................................................ 84 3.9.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years ....................................................... 84 xi xii SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.9.5. Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................ 85 3.9.6. Issues arising relating to gender and vulnerable groups .......................................................... 85 3.9.7. Consideration of the underlying factors contributing to the issues identified .......................... 85

3.9.8. Summary of Core Problems ..................................................................................................... 86 3.10 PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY - COMMUNITY AND GENERAL POLICING ..................................... 86 3.10.1. Key Government Priorities Being and to be Implemented at a Local Level ........................... 86

3.10.2. Description of existing state of Development .......................................................................... 86

3.10.3. Issues Arising from Public Participation Process .................................................................... 87 3.10.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years ....................................................... 87

3.10.5. Core Issues in the Police Sector ............................................................................................... 87 3.11 PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY - IMMIGRATION AND BORDER CONTROL ..................................... 88 3.11.1. Key Government Priorities being & Implemented at Local Level .......................................... 88

3.11.2. Description of the Existing State of Development ................................................................... 88

3.11.3. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process .............................................................. 88 3.11.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ......................................................... 89

3.11.5. Core Issues for the Sector ........................................................................................................ 89 3.12 PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY -NATIONAL PROSECUTIONS AUTHORITY............................. 89 3.12.1. Key Government Priorities being & Implemented at Local Level .......................................... 89

3.12.2. Description of the Existing State of Development ................................................................... 89

3.13 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SECTOR ........................................................................ 91 3.13.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level ....................... 91

3.13.2. Description of the Existing State Of Development .................................................................. 93 3.13.3. Issues Arising From the Public Participation Process.............................................................. 95 3.13.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over The Next Ten Years ..................................................... 96 3.13.5. Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities ............................................ 96 3.13.6. The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use ........................................... 96

3.13.7. Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................ 96 3.13.8. The Impact Of Existing Trends On The Environment And Climate Change .......................... 97 3.13.9. The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ................................ 97 3.13.10. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups......................................... 97

3.13.11. Summary .................................................................................................................................. 98 3.13.12. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing To the Issues Identified .................. 98

3.13.13. Summary – Core Problems (for the entire PSIR)..................................................................... 99

3.14 ENERGY SECTOR ............................................................................................................................ 99 3.14.1. Key Government Priorities Being and to be implemented at local level ............................... 100

3.14.2. Description of the existing state of development ................................................................... 101

3.14.3. Issues arising the public Participation process ....................................................................... 102 3.14.4. Impact of changes anticipated over the next 10 years............................................................ 102 3.14.5. Existing and proposed investment and development programs ............................................. 103 3.14.6. The impact of continuation of existing trends on land use and population distribution patterns 103

3.14.7. Environment and climate change analysis ............................................................................. 104 3.14.8. Issues arising relating to gender groups and vulnerable groups. ............................................ 104

3.14.9. Summary and Consideration of Underlying Issues ................................................................ 104

3.14.10. Critical Issues ......................................................................................................................... 105

4.0 SUMMARY OF CORE ISSUES ................................................................................................. 106

4.0 DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................... 108

4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 108 xii xiii SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

4.2 VISION AND MISSION ..................................................................................................................... 108

4.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK/POLICIES TO GUIDE DEVELOPMENT ............................................................ 108 4.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS, OBJECTIVES, PRIORITIES AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ................... 109

4.5 SESHEKE DISTRICT PRIORITY GOALS ............................................................................................ 109 4.6 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, PRIORITIES AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .......... 111

5.0 SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK....................................................................... 138

5.1 ALTERNATIVE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS................................................................. 138 5.1.1. SCENARIO 1: Spatial Development Concept Focusing on Corridor Development. ............ 138 5.1.2. SCENARIO 2: Spatial Development Concept focusing on growth Poles. ............................ 141 5.1.3. SCENARIO 3: Utilisation of Growth Nodes Concept for Spatial Development................... 145

5.1.4. CHOSEN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO ........................................................... 146

6.0 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM ............................................................................................. 157

6.1 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PROGRAM .......................................................................................... 157 FISHERIES AND LIVESTOCK SECTOR ........................................................................................... 160

6.2 LOCAL AUTHORITY’S FINANCIAL PLAN ..................................................................................... 186

6.2.1 Purpose ....................................................................................................................................... 186

6.2.2 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 186

6.2.3 Development Process ................................................................................................................. 186

6.2.4 Forecast Background.................................................................................................................. 186

6.2.5 Revenue and Expenditure History ............................................................................................. 187

6.2.6 Revenue and Expenditure Forecasts.......................................................................................... 187

7.0 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................. 189

8.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 191 xiii xiv SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF SESHEKE DISTRICT .......................................................................................... 4 FIGURE 2: SHOWING DISTRICT POPULATION DISAGGREGATED BY WARD ........................................................................ 11 FIGURE 3: SHOWING PROJECTED DISTRICT POPULATION BY 2034 ................................................................................ 12 FIGURE 4:SHOWING POPULATION DISAGGREGATION BY AGE GROUP ............................................................................ 13 FIGURE 5: SHOWING THE POPULATION PYRAMID FOR SESHEKE ................................................................................... 13 FIGURE 6: SHOWING THE GROWTH NODES FOR THE DISTRICT ...................................................................................... 16 FIGURE 7: SHOWING LAND USE PATTERNS IN SESHEKE DISTRICT.................................................................................... 17 FIGURE 8: SHOWING THE MAIN ROADS IN THE IDP AREA ............................................................................................ 23 FIGURE 9: SHOWING A TYPICAL SANDY ROAD IN SESHEKE DISTRICT ................................................................................ 23 FIGURE 10: SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF COMMUNICATION TOWERS IN THE DISTRICT .................................................... 25 FIGURE 11: SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF AGRIC BLOCKS AND CAMPS .......................................................................... 30 FIGURE 12: MAP SHOWING THE COUNTRY AGRO ECOLOGICAL ZONES .......................................................................... 31 FIGURE 13: SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF HEALTH FACILITIES IN THE DISTRICT ................................................................ 46 FIGURE 14: LOCATION MAP OF SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE I THE DISTRICT...................................................................... 54 FIGURE 15: SHOWING LOCATIONS OF WATER POINTS IN THE DISTRICT ........................................................................... 63 FIGURE 16: SHOWING THE FOREST RESERVES AND CFM AREAS IN THE IDP AREA................................................. 74 FIGURE 17: SHOWING THE CHANGES IN FOREST COVER OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS ............................................................ 80 FIGURE 18: SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY FACILITIES IN THE IDP AREA ................................... 90 FIGURE 19: SHOWING POWER (ELECTRICITY) CONNECTIVITY IN THE IDP AREA ............................................................. 100 FIGURE 20: SHOWING THE DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS SCENARIO .............................................................................. 138 FIGURE 21: SHOWING THE GROWTH POLES IN THE IDP AREA.................................................................................... 142 FIGURE 22: SHOWING THE GROWTH NODES DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT ....................................................................... 145 FIGURE 23: MAP SHOWING THE CHOSEN DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO ........................................................................... 147 xiv xv SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: SHOWING PROJECTED DEJURE POPULATION BY SEX AND WARD ....................................................................... 10 TABLE 2: SHOWING POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS .................................................... 11 TABLE 3: SHOWING FEEDER ROADS IN THE DISTRICT ................................................................................................... 22 TABLE 4 SHOWING CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT: ........................................................................................... 31 TABLE 5:HEALTH SECTOR POLICIES AND PLANS AND STRATEGIES .................................................................................. 43 TABLE 6: SHOWING ENROLMENT FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TO SECONDARY FROM 2020 TO 2022 ................... 55 TABLE 7: SHOWING THE NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS VS CURRENT DISTRICT SITUATION ..................................... 57 TABLE 8: SHOWING EXISTING AND PROPOSED INVESTMENTS ....................................................................................... 59 TABLE 9 SHOWING THE BOREHOLE DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICT ................................................................................. 63 TABLE 10: SHOWING ISSUES AND THEIR SUGGESTED REMEDIES .................................................................................... 64 TABLE 11: SHOWING ACCESS LEVELS TO WASH SERVICES............................................................................................ 66 TABLE 12: EXISTING AND PROPOSED INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR WATER RESOURCES......................... 67 TABLE 13:: SHOWING POLICIES, PLANS AND STRATEGIES BEING IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORESTRY SECTOR ........................... 71 TABLE 14: SHOWING FOREST RESERVES IN THE IDP AREA ........................................................................................... 73 TABLE 15: SOCIAL SERVICES QUALITY OF SERVICES AND KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ................................................. 79 TABLE 16: SHOWING A SUMMARY OF CORE ISSUES IN THE IDP AREA ......................................................................... 106 TABLE 17:SHOWING LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND POLICIES TO GUIDE THE DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT ..................................... 108 TABLE 18: SHOWING DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK BY SECTOR .................................................................................. 111 TABLE 19: TABLE SHOWING PRIORITIZED LOCAL AREA PLANS IN THE IDP AREA ............................................................ 149 TABLE 20: SHOWING PERMITTED DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN IDENTIFIED AREAS ................................................................ 151 TABLE 21: SHOWING THE GROWTH POLES IN THE DISTRICT ....................................................................................... 155 TABLE 22: SHOWING THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN BY SECTOR .................................................................... 157 TABLE 23: SHOWING MULTI YEAR REVENUE HISTORY .............................................................................................. 187 TABLE 24: SHOWING THE MULTI-YEAR EXPENDITURE PLAN ...................................................................................... 187 TABLE 25:SHOWING THE MULTI YEAR REVENUE FORECAST ....................................................................................... 188 TABLE 26: SHOWING THE LIST OF COMMUNITY PROJECTS IDENTIFIED DURING THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS ............ 193 xv xvi SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 8NDP Eighth National Development Plan BRE Barotse Royal Establishment CBD Central Business District CDF Constituency Development Fund CEEC Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation CSO Central Statistical Office DEBS District Education Board Secretary DDCC District Development Coordinating Committee DHO District Health Office ECE Early Childhood Education FISP Farmer Input Support Program GMA Game Management Areas GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia ICT Information and Communications Technology IDP Integrated Development Plan KPI Key Performance Indicator LAP Local Area Plan LGEF Local Government Equalization Fund MLGRD Ministry of Local Government Rural Development PSIR Planning Survey and Issues Report PWAS Public Welfare Assistance Scheme REA Rural Electrification Authority STC Town Council SDF Spatial Development Framework SDGs Sustainable Development Goals STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics SWM Solid-waste Management WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WDC Ward Development Committee ZAMSTAT Zambia Statistic Agency ZAMTEL Zambia Telecommunications Company Limited ZANIS Zambia News and Information Services ZEST Zambia Entrepreneurs Supporting Trade ZNBC Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation ZICTA Zambia Information and Communications Authority xvi 1 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 ____________ PART I INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1|Page 2 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 PART ONE ______________________________________________________

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The Government of the Republic of Zambia has since its independence in 1964 adopted national development planning as a tool to foster regional, sectoral and overall national development. In its current form, Zambia’s development planning paradigm incorporates an integrated multisectoral approach to development attainment and the country is currently implementing its Eighth National Development Plan (8NDP) since independence. As far as institutional responsibility is concerned, the apex agency mandated to coordinate, manage and oversee national development planning is the country’s Ministry of Finance, which also carries the development planning function. The country therefore has been promoting development through its various national development plans whose out outcomes feed into the long-term Vision 2030 national plan, the Sustainable Development Goals and the African Union’s Agenda 2063 whose aim is to attain high standard of living, quality of life and wellbeing for all citizens. In order to achieve the long terms goals, plans for future development have to be realistic, concerted and conceived from the local scale. The concept of the Integrated Development Planning has therefore introduced as an approach to planning that involves the entire district and its citizens in identifying their problems and finding the most practical solutions to achieve short, medium and long-term development aspirations of the large population. The primary objective of producing the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) for district is to facilitate mobilization of resources needed for development. The IDP shall help by focussing development efforts on the most important needs of local communities taking into account the size of the resource envelop available at local level. The IDP will also help speed up delivery of targets by concentrating on the least serviced and most impoverished areas thereby directing resources to areas where they are needed most, with these areas having been identified by key stakeholders in the district. It is therefore hoped that preparation of the IDP will put the district in the limelight and thereby increase the investor confidence and interest to invest in the IDP area. This document is a result of a comprehensive data collection and compiling of relevant information from line departments and the other stakeholders. It begins by showing the current status regarding its physical, social, economic and environmental aspects. The document provides a guide to district development and has been prepared in tandem with the Eighth National Development plan (8NDP) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Africa’s Agenda 2063 other developmental targets. Development or Planning can be defined as the process of setting goals, developing strategies, outlining the implementation arrangements and allocating resources to achieve those goals. It is important to note this preparation involves looking at a number of different processes and stakeholders to produce results. Therefore, the IDP for district should be seen as an integral part of the development process that sets out clear and attainable development goals and the implementation of strategies in order to improve the general being and livelihood of the people of . 2|Page 3 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

1.1 Methodology During the preparation of the planning survey phase information was collected on the existing conditions within the district. Data collection focused on the types of problems faced by people in the IDP area and the causes of these problems. Information on the availability of resources to address the problems was also collected during this phase. The objective of carrying out the planning survey is to provide: • Assessment of the existing level of development. • Assessment of future development needs. • Identification of core issues differentiated by location, social group and gender. • Information on context, causes, dynamics of core issues. • Information on available resources and potentials. The steps for formulating the Planning Issues and Survey Report included data collection and reviewing of existing district and sector plans, policies and strategies; review of empirical and spatial data for sectors and cross cutting thematic areas. Other stapes included demographic analysis, population projections, summary of consultation with stakeholder organizations (NGOs/CSOs), summary of community consultations, collection and analysis of existing and missing spatial data and identification of issues including assessment of future demand for services, assessment of the quality of service provision as well as consideration of cross cutting issues which included climate change vulnerability assessment and finally drafting of the PSIR.

1.2 Location of the District IDP Area The IDP area covers the whole extent of district as declared under the Provincial and District Boundaries Act Cap 286. District is one of the sixteen (16) districts of Western province of Zambia. It lies 300km south of the provincial capital, Mongu and 190km from Livingstone. The District share borders with Sioma on the west, Senanga and Mulobezi in the Northeast and Mwandi in the east. The District also shares International borders with Namibia in the south and Angola in the South West. It contains the Sioma Ngwezi National park and contains part of the Zambezi River, which forms Zambia’s border with Namibia. 3|Page 4 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 1 below shows the IDP Area Figure 1: Map Showing Location of Sesheke District

1.3 Governance Sesheke district has a two-way governance system. On one hand, there is the District Administration headed by the District Commissioner (DC) as a representative of Central Government at district level who co-ordinates operations of all government line ministries as well as superintend over all district developmental programs through the District Development Coordinating Committee (DDCC). On the other hand, the Local Government is the Town Council, which is composed of two parts. Firstly, the elected Council Chairperson, 10 elected Councilors representing each ward and one Chief. Secondly, the administration of the Town Council which is headed by the Council Secretary and a Team of technocrats. The district only has one (1) Constituency namely Central represented by an elected member of parliament and ten (10) wards represented by elected councilors as well as one (1) elected Council Chairperson responsible for civic duties. At sub-district level Ward Development Committees, are substructures responsible for overseeing all developmental projects on behalf of the Local Authority in line with the Revised 2013 National Decentralization Policy. These structures are expected to enhance community participation in 4|Page 5 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 decision-making and foster local development. Traditionally, has one major ethnic groups of people namely the Lozi, headed by Senior Chief Inyambo Yeta.

1.4 Ecological Resources Fauna The diverse topography and variety of vegetation types/habitats together with the vastness of the area coupled with the availability of rivers creates a conducive environment for the sustenance of high biodiversity. Mammals Common sightings indicate that most of the mammals prevalent in the GMA and as a whole include the African elephants, steinboek, leopard, eland, Southern giraffe, common duiker, warthog bush pig, bushbuck, ververt monkey, sable antelope, greater kudu, impala, hippo, tree squirrel etc. A wide range of carnivores also exist in the GMA, including African lion, African wild dogs, hyena, cheeter, Caracal, servel and numerous mongoses. It is important to mention however that the list is not exhaustive and more species will be added as discovered opportunistically or through surveys. Birds There are 360 bird species recorded in the Game Management Area. The birds includes water and woodland species. However, the birds, which are most likely to attract tourists, are bird species such as the African skimmers (Rynchops flavirostris), Rock Pret, Skelers turaco and Suzu scriuke as well as a varied raptor population. The Silowana is historically known to have supported a stable Ostrich population. Reptiles Provisional research has revealed the presence of a wide and varied herpetofauna including some Zambian endemics such as Acontias jappi, the Nile crocodile (Crocodilus niloticus). Other sightings include the water monitor (Varanus niloticus) in a number of water bodies, while in other areas African rock pythons (Python sebae), Mozambican spitting cobra (Naja mossambica), puff adder (Bitis arietans) and brown house snake (Lamprophis fuliginosus) have been identiefied. The GMA is also a range area of the hingback tortoise (Kinixys belliana) which is reported to be in occurrence mostly in the Silolo, Lusu, Kalobolewa and Kapau VAGs. The leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis) occurs in the area and has been observed mainly in the dambos. Amphibians Information on endemicity of species is poorly documented. Basic observation reveals the presence of 34 amphibians, which also include the edible African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus) in the Zambezi System. During the field survey, a number of tadpoles where found particularly in still water, however, not identified to species level. Future research can be done been to get information about the edible bullfrogs (locally known as Masheshi) in Mufulani. Fisheries 5|Page 6 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The fisheries of the Upper Zambezi from the Lueti-Zambezi confluence near Kalongola ferry point, to the south-eastern, most point of the GMA near the Katima mulilo rapids can be divided into two fishery areas i.e. the first fishery area between the Lueti-Zambezi confluence and the Ngonye Falls in Sioma District and the second fishery area below the Ngonye falls up to Katima Mulilo rapids in district. The first fishery area in Sioma District is characterized by flooding and Artisanal (subsistence) or small-scale fisheries, utilizing mainly dugout canoes and gillnets for fishing. On the other hand, the second fishery area (below Ngonye falls) is characterized by a succession of pools, riffles and rapids, and very little fishing activities. Small scale angling (hook-lines) and sport or recreational fisheries are the only fishing activities in this area. The Zambezi River system has at least 165 species; of which 43% are found only in the Upper Zambezi system (which includes the Kafue); 36% are found only in the Middle and Lower Zambezi; while the remainder are common to both (Skelton 1994) Flora The district is covered by Miombo woodland, Munga, Kalahari woodlands, flood plain and dambo grasslands in various forms. It is rich in Mukusi, Mukwa, Rosewood tree, and Mwandi tree species which are valuable for high quality timber. Other tree species include; Mopani, Muhoto, Muhonono etc. The district hosts Sioma Ngwezi Game Management Area (GMA) No 33, gazette in 1972, within the boundaries of district, covers a total area of 5000 km2 and is protected. It is characterized by swamps, floodplain, wet and dry grassland- Miombo and termitaria woodland.

1.5 Geology The National soil map of Zambia (Soil Survey Unit, 1991) generally classified the soils in the Lower West Zambezi GMA as Orthi-Ferrallic Arenosols. This means that they are somewhat excessively drained, very deep, very pale brown to yellowish brown, loose to very friable sandy soils. Its physical structure is almost single to massive grain, sometimes loose and very friable in lower subsurface horizons of the soil profile with a low capacity to hold water and nutrients. The soil pH is low otherwise referred to having high soil acidity (pH 4.0-4.7). Chemically, the soils contain very low amounts plant nutrient elements, including Nitrogen of, Phosphate and Potassium. They also consist of low soil organic matter, low exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium, and the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is extremely low. Generally, these soils are of very low soil fertility status, and are of low and poor arable agriculture potential. The soils of the plains and pans on the Kalahari plateau, the Silowana and Mulonga plains(Es2) are imperfectly drained, very deep, pale brown to very pale brown, loose to very friable, sandy soils; in places yellowish brown (orthi-gleyic ARENOSOLS). The main characteristic of these soils is their sandy texture and the virtual absence of any well-developed vegetation. Groundwater is located within 2meters, while in exceptionally wet years; it reaches the surface during the rainy season. Small shrubs, stunted trees and dwarf palm species occur on very low mounds in these plains. Apart from bands of slightly lower lying wetter soils, which occur in drainage lines that are hardly distinguishable 6|Page 7 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 in the field, there are few other soils associated with this gleyic ARENOSOL. Close to the major rivers (Es4), the texture of these soils is dominantly loamy sand.

1.6 Drainage and hydrogeology Sesheke lies in a region drained by two river systems, the Kwando River on the west and the Zambezi River on the east. The Southern Lueti River, a tributary of the Zambezi marks the northern boundary between the Upper and the LWZGMA. The Southern Lueti drains into the Zambezi River north of Kalongola point, in Shangombo District. The Kwando River rises in the central plateau of Angola on the south-eastern slopes of Mount Tembo (Mepham, 1992; Mendelsohn & Roberts, 1997; Peel et al, 2012), then flows south east ward along the Zambian border and entering the Silowana plains (Peel et al., 2012). Seasonally inundated areas form due to lack of drainage of rainfall creating several pans due to the relatively shallow water table (GRZ, 2008). The pans or small water bodies that are formed are either seasonal or perennial. Some of these small water bodies are connected to either the Kwando or Zambezi during periods of high floods but when the water recedes, they get cut off from the channel and some dry up before another rain season starts while others retain the water until the next rain season. Other pools are completely rain fed and depend on precipitation alone. The district lies in Agro Ecological Zone I where the annual rainfall is dismal averaging 300 to 800mm per annum making growing of most crops difficult especially for late maturing varieties .

1.7 Climate Located at an elevation of 951.91 meters (3123.06 ft.) above sea level, has a Tropical wet and dry and dry or savanna climate. The districts yearly temperature is 27.72 degrees Celsius and it is 4.39 percent higher than Zambia’s averages. In terms of precipitation, the month with lowest amount of rainfall is July; this denotes an exceptionally dry period within that particular period. The majority of rainfall occurs with the highest precipitation, which is January and has an average amount of 207mm 8.1 inch. The month that experiences the highest temperature is October, where an average temperature of 28.3 degrees Celsius prevails. During the month of July, the mean temperature registers at at a minimum value of 18.4 degrees celcius.

1.8 Landscape and Topography The topography of the district is relatively flat, found in the middle veld with average altitude between 900m to 1200m above sea level. The soils are sandy (Kalahari sands) therefore, have limited capacity in retaining nutrients and water. The land has isolated hills such as Lusu on the west bank of the Zambezi River. There are also isolated plains such as Mabumbu, Sanembo, Luazamba and Loanja plains. These areas have clay loam soils. Marshlands are also found in areas such as Mazaba, Nang’ombe and Njokomalomo. 7|Page 8 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The major activities include fishing, agricultural production with the majority of farmers operating on a small-scale basis and cross border trading. Most common crops cultivated include maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, millet, sorghum, groundnuts, beans and rice. Vegetable gardens are also established at household level. The district has a number of guesthouses and lodges with a 10km stretch of white sandy beaches that are used for recreation. The soils are a variety of well drained soils which are deep to very deep yellowish red to strong brown, friable, fine loamy to clayey soils having a clear clay increase with depth with moderately shallow, gravelly clayey soils.

1.9 Air Quality and Noise The district is largely rural and does not have major industries discharging air-polluting substances. The air quality is however, occasionally impacted on by bush fires which generate smoke to form a haze. Localized air pollution is also caused by dust emissions from unpaved road surfaces. This emission is however, intermittent and not significant in view of the light traffic in the area and the fact that the dust emission usually occurs during windy conditions. The burning of wood for heating and lighting is also another source of localized, particularly indoor, air pollution. The noise is negligible due to very low traffic volumes, low population levels and lack of industrial activities. 8|Page 9 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 PART II PLANNING SURVEY AND ISSUES REPORT (PSIR) 9|Page 10 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 PART TWO

2.0 PLANNING SURVEY AND ISSUES REPORT

2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS The section below contains details of population dynamics within the district and includes total population , growth rate, the gender breakdown of this population, age distribution, rural and urban population, dependency ratios, population density and poverty analysis.

2.1.1. Population and Population Growth Based on the 2022 ZAMSTAT Census of population and housing report, the annual population of Sesheke stood at 73,204 with a growth rate of 4.3%. The projected population for the district for the year 2024 is 79,500. It is further projected that the population would be 95,238 by 2029 and 115,715 by 2034. The table below gives the details by ward. Table 1: Showing projected dejure population by Sex and Ward PROJECTED DEJURE POPULATION BY SEX AND WARD IN 5 YEARS AND 10 YEARS BASE Ye ar T otal ( 2022) Proj e cte d T otal 2024 Proj e cte d T otal 2029 Proj e cte d T otal 2034 CONSTITUEN Both Both Both Both CY/WARD Sexes Male Female Sexes Male Female Sexes Male Female Sexes Male Female SE SHE KE 73,204 35,836 37,368 79,500 38,918 40,582 95,238 43,541 45,402 115,715 52,902 55,164 Imusho 2,927 1,395 1,532 3,179 1,515 1,664 3,808 1,695 1,861 4,627 2,059 2,262 Kalobolelwa 6,743 3,418 3,325 7,323 3,712 3,611 8,773 4,153 4,040 10,659 5,046 4,908 Katima 12,118 5,820 6,298 13,160 6,321 6,840 15,766 7,071 7,652 19,155 8,592 9,297 Luampungu 3,687 1,847 1,840 4,004 2,006 1,998 4,797 2,244 2,236 5,828 2,727 2,716 Lusu 5,383 2,779 2,604 5,846 3,018 2,828 7,003 3,376 3,164 8,509 4,102 3,844 Maondo 5,359 2,706 2,653 5,820 2,939 2,881 6,972 3,288 3,223 8,471 3,995 3,916 Mulimambango 13,830 6,523 7,307 15,019 7,084 7,935 17,993 7,925 8,878 21,861 9,629 10,787 Nakatindi 16,258 7,954 8,304 17,656 8,638 9,018 21,152 9,664 10,089 25,699 11,742 12,259 Nangombe 3,835 1,875 1,960 4,165 2,036 2,129 4,989 2,278 2,381 6,062 2,768 2,893 Silumbu 3,064 1,519 1,545 3,328 1,650 1,678 3,986 1,846 1,877 4,843 2,242 2,281 Source: Zamstats 2022 (Population Report Vol 2, 2024)

2.1.2. Population Characteristics Population Distribution by Rural and Urban Settlements The Zamstat 2022 population report shows that the district population distribution by rural and urban stood at 59% being rural residents while 41% were urban residents. The district population is likely to be affected by a number of factors including migration and other factors such as the labour market. The graph below shows the 2022 urban and rural population distribution in the district. 10 | P a g e 11 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Table 2: Showing Population distribution by Rural and Urban Settlements DEJURE POPULATION BY SEX, RURAL/URBAN BY WARD 2022 CONSTITUENCY/ T otal Rural Urban WARD Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female SE SHE KE 73,204 35,836 37,368 43,282 21 ,677 21 ,605 29,922 1 4,1 59 1 5,763 Imusho 2,927 1,395 1,532 2,927 1,395 1,532 - - - Kalobolelwa 6,743 3,418 3,325 6,743 3,418 3,325 - - - Katima 12,118 5,820 6,298 4,671 2,347 2,324 7,447 3,473 3,974 Luampungu 3,687 1,847 1,840 3,687 1,847 1,840 - - - Lusu 5,383 2,779 2,604 5,383 2,779 2,604 - - - Maondo 5,359 2,706 2,653 5,359 2,706 2,653 - - - Mulimambango 13,830 6,523 7,307 3,638 1,775 1,863 10,192 4,748 5,444 Nakatindi 16,258 7,954 8,304 3,975 2,016 2,959 12,283 5,938 6,345 Nangombe 3,835 1,875 1,960 3,835 1,875 1,960 - - - Silumbu 3,064 1,519 1,545 3,064 1,519 1,545 - - - Population Density in the IDP Area The density of population is a very useful indicator of human settlements and the extent to which local authorities need to respond to challenges. This is particularly the case for relatively small households (1-2 persons) and large (over 5 persons) households. Both provide challenges for local authority planning and service delivery. The IDP area has a total land area of 11,658.9 square kilometres with a population density of 6.2 persons per square kilometre. Nakatindi Ward is the most populous ward with a total population of 15, 746 while Imusho ward is the least populated ward with a total population of 2,916. The graph below show the population density disaggregated by Ward. P O P U L AT I O N BY WA R D 35000 30000 25000 POPULATION 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 WARDS Figure 2: Showing District Population disaggregated by ward Source: Zamstat 2022 Final Census of Population Report 11 | P a g e 12 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

2.1.3. Population Projections Population Projections by Sex According to Zamstats (2022) preliminary report there are expected to be more females than males in district and by 2035. The projected population shows that the trends will not change significantly. By 2010 population census, the proportion of the population living in rural areas consists of 51% women and 49% men. Out of the total population, youth comprise over 47% while those in the age quartile above 64years consist of less than 10%. The graph below highlights population distribution by sex in Sesheke district. Figure 3: Showing Projected District Population by 2034 Source: Zamstat 2022 Preliminary Report Population Disaggregated by Age Group The figure below provides a historical perspective on population in the planning on one hand while on the other it provides expected population as projected based on the Zamstats 1 population data obtained from the 2022 Census of Population and Housing Report. 1 Zambia Statistics Agency - 2022 Census of Population and Housing, Final Report 12 | P a g e 13 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Population Disaggregation by Age Group 20000 15000 Population 10000 5000 0 -5000 Age Group Series41 Linear (Series41) Figure 4:Showing Population disaggregation by Age Group Population Pyramid The largest portion of the population of Sesheke district is children to working age 0 – 34years. The district will need to increase access to opportunities for decent jobs and basic services such as schools, health facilities and recreation over the next 10years to match the growing population. This also means ensuring the dependency ratios for the age groups 80+ and children is reduced. District Population Pyramid For 2022 Female population Male population 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 -40000 -30000 -20000 -10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Figure 5: Showing the population Pyramid for Sesheke 13 | P a g e 14 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Dependency Ratios In 2018, total dependency ratio (0-14 and 65+ per 15-64) for Zambia was 88.8 ratio. Total dependency ratio (0-14 and 65+ per 15-64) of Zambia fell gradually from 101.6 ratio in 1969 to 88.8 ratio in 2018. From the table below it can be summarised that there has been reduction on dependency ratio implying that an age-population ratio of those typically not in the active labour force (the dependent ages 0 to 14 and 65+) has reduced, hence less pressure is exerted on the productive population (16 – 55). Mobility and Migration Migrants in exhibit a diverse array of characteristics shaped by various factors such as socioeconomic status, education and regional disparities. Firstly, a significant portion of migrants originates from rural parts of the district and neighbouring districts, driven by the search for better economic opportunities in urban and the neighbouring Katimamulilo town in Namibia. Lifetime in-migration rate stands at 184/1000 while lifetime out migration rate 188/1000.(CSO, 2010) The in- migration rate could be due to rehabilitation of M10 Livingstone – road, Mongu – Senanga - road and construction of Katima Mulilo Bridge which has made movements of goods and people easier. With prospects of increased trade between Namibia and Zambia due to the 24hrs operation of the Katima Mulilo boarder, the number of immigrants is likely to increase considerably, which will have an impact on the population growth. Migration patterns in the three districts are likely to be influenced by the negative impacts of climate change Fertility and Mortality Rate Total Fertility Rates (TFR) for the age categories according to CSO 2010 census data shows the planning area had moderately high fertility rates for the age bands 35-39 and 40-44 at 3.6 and 3.9 respectively. Available data further shows that fertility rates were considerably higher in rural areas (3.8) than in urban areas (2.3). Furthermore, evidence shows rural areas had higher rates of Teenage childbearing at 0.3 than urban areas at 0.2 implying the need for specific policy interventions to address early sex debut among children and adolescents, early child pregnancies and associated outcomes. These trends are expected to continue during the IDP planning period.

2.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE EXISTING LAND USE AND SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT

2.2.1. Overall Settlement Pattern Generally, settlements in district are distributed predominantly along the Zambezi River, along the Livingstone – Mongu road and along local rivers and streams due to agriculture and livestock rearing. 14 | P a g e 15 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Generally, settlements in the district are distributed predominantly along the Zambezi River, along the Livingstone – Mongu and along local rivers and streams due to agriculture and livestock rearing. The district generally has village homestead settlements and conventional houses in the Township. Housing stocks in the district are inadequate for the fast growing township population following the construction of Katima Mulilo Bridge and rehabilitation of the M10, Livingstone road. Housing demand within planning boundary is high; however, property development is very slow compared to the demand. The slow rate of housing development in the district can partly be attributed to the council cost of surveying and servicing which technically has been passed onto the client thereby affecting the affordability of plots to most residents. In the recent past the district has experienced some impacts of climate change such as increasing temperatures, dry spells, droughts and in some cases flooding which in turn has an impact on housing infrastructure. Increasing temperatures cause expansion of buildings that leads to cracking of existing housing infrastructure. This results in an increase in the cost of maintenance of housing infrastructure. Dry spells and droughts result in insufficient water supply for construction of housing. Less water supply results in the compromise of the quality of housing infrastructure. Excessive flooding causes destruction of housing infrastructure and displacement of people. The main residential areas of are Sabelo, Suburbs, Rentals, Airport, Zambezi river transport, Nakatindi and Mclope compounds in town. Katima- Mulilo a 5km settlement on the western side of town has the following compounds: Katima, Customs and Immigration. These residential areas are categorised as Low, Medium and High cost. The High cost residential area along the central area, where the Central and Local Government Offices are is proposed to retain its current use. It must be noted that individuals following the Government Policy of sale of houses to sitting tenants now own most of the formal housing units. Further, new residential, industrial and commercial areas were opened up in 2009 under the Land Development Fund Programme in Katima-Mulilo. Most of the land is however, not yet developed.

2.2.2. Urbanising Villages and Growth Nodes The principle of urban villages and growth nodes is to provide pleasant residential housing, shopping and working environments that are accessible within short distances and well connected to the road access. The main growth nodes in the IDP area are the town centre and the Katima Mulilo border area with Namibia. Other centres, which have the potential to transition into viable activity centres, include Nakatindi due to the earmarked construction of a market and a Bus Station, Kalobolelwa, Maondo, Lusu east, Lusu West and Imusho. 15 | P a g e 16 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 6: Showing the Growth Nodes for the district

2.2.3. Urban Expansion/Peri-Urban Areas With increasing economic activities and increase in population growth, the planning area has experienced rapid expansion of both urban and peri-urban areas. This has resulted in increased demand for water and sanitation services, waste management services and power supply, which is apparently a challenge to utility companies and service providers. Due to the absence of a planning agreement by the BRE and local authority, there has been widespread uncoordinated urban developments on customary land in the peri-urban areas near the planned townships of Sesheke and Katima Mulilo. This IDP will therefore, endeavour to devise strategies for the local authority to collaborate with the traditional authority to enter into a planning agreement in order to facilitate implementation of the IDP. 16 | P a g e 17 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 7: Showing land use patterns in Sesheke district

2.2.4. Informal Settlements The informal settlements include Nakatindi, Kashongami, Mulambwa, Mwanawasa and Mclope, which have been built without following any laid down legislation. These areas have been planned for improvements and upgrading into. Most of the land in these informal settlements is un-serviced and some township roads are below the minimum standard size due to allocation of unsurveyed plots using unconventional means to demarcate the land. The township land-use plan for Sesheke requires comprehensive updating to give a clear indication of the distribution of the various land-uses. In addition, there has been an engagement between the council and the BRE regarding extension of the township boundary, which is yet to be completed. One of the challenges has been a lot of unpermitted developments taking place.

2.2.5. Other Land Uses Most of the land is held under customary law. The Councils have jurisdiction over the township land according to the Urban and Regional Planning Act of 2015. The present land-use pattern under the customary law is mainly smallholder and subsistence agriculture (crops and livestock), Game Management Areas (GMAs), Water bodies and Forest reserves. Out of the total land area, 51.33 square kilometres is township land, representing 0.18 percent. 17 | P a g e 18 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Generally, land in the districts is plenty and accessible to both men and women. Most of the land is however under-utilised especially that the population is sparse. High population density areas are found in clusters such as the main town and Katima-Mulilo near the border with Namibia. With growing population and increased social and economic activities in the planning area, the demand for land for residential, commercial, industrial and institution has also increased.

2.3 ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE CONTINUATION OF POPULATION GROWTH ON LAND USE AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS

2.3.1. Impact of Continuation of Population Growth on Overall Settlement Pattern Sesheke district’s population has followed a linear pattern around growth centers dotted across water bodies and main roads. The district is endowed with the Zambezi River and other smaller water bodies and timber resources. As a result, Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry are the most practiced economic activities. In order to sustain their livelihood during the fish ban that lasts for three (3) months from 1st December to 1st March, communities also practice cross border trade. The district has an International Border with Namibia and Angola, which aid the community economically by exporting goods to the neighboring countries. The lack of an industry in the district has resulted in the high rate of unemployment. As a result, the communities have turned to the forest for survival through charcoal burning as their source of income. This has further led to high levels of deforestation. Other activities on the forest include settlements and timber cutting. This has further increased the destruction of the forests thereby disturbing the natural order. With little or no rejuvenation programs in place, the forest will suffer and overall, is more likely to feel the impacts of Climate Change harder. Part of the measures to control growing land-use due to due to increase in population, there are programs in the district that are Climate Resilient/ Smart in nature such as the SCRALA project, GEFF project and PPCR Project whose focus have been to ensure that communities come up with projects that are climate smart such as SMART Agriculture. These projects also focus on the forest sector as they integrate forest conservation principles into land use planning for sustainability by way of encouraging communities to come up with community forests, encourage tree planting and natural forest rejuvenation.

2.3.2. Impact of the Continuation of Population Growth on Urbanizing Villages and Growth Nodes The continued population growth on urbanizing villages and growth nodes will bring both the positive and negative impacts on particular settlement patterns. The main growth nodes that Sesheke has include Saw Mills area in Maondo Ward, Katongo area in Maondo Ward, Silolo in Katima Mulilo Ward, Silumbu and Kaale in Silumbu ward, Imusho Border in Imusho Ward and Luampungu area in Luampungu Ward. The above urbanizing villages and growth nodes have been initiated from the economic activities present and ease accessibility to social services. As population keeps growing, one of the positive impacts is local economic development around these growth nodes due to burst of economic activities 18 | P a g e 19 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 and demand for goods and services, which further stimulate production on the supply side. Therefore, it is anticipated that there will be further demand of land thereby expanding further the growth nodes. On the other side, there will be some anticipated negative impacts due to the continuation of population growth on urbanizing villages. One of them is anticipated increase in crime rate as the population grows. The other effects are negative vices such as prostitutions, drunkenness and decay in moral behavior. Population growth comes with a number of challenges such as high prevalence of diseases, high crime rate, high teen pregnancies, high solid waste generation which will require an approved engineered dump site, Land disputes/encroachment and depletion of natural resources.

2.3.3. Assessment of the Availability of Land for Planned Urban Expansion Land is available for expansion of township boundary. However, the said land is under traditional land tenure and will therefore require conversion or planning agreements with the traditional leadership. Land will be required for housing, considering that the district has a deficit of accommodation as it houses not only district labour force but also labour force from neighboring districts such as Mwandi, Sioma, and Mulobezi. The district has no industries and will therefore need land for light and heavy industrial areas in urbanizing growth nodes. Thus, planning agreements with traditional leadership in this case will be the way to go.

2.3.4. Impact of the Continuation of Population Growth on Informal Settlements As population growth continues in informal settlements, there will be need for provision of municipal services such as new road networks, water and sanitation services, electricity and other social amenities in such areas. Additionally, there will be need to also upgrade the housing infrastructure standards of the area as well as unlock the local economic potential of these areas so as to uplift the livelihood of the community members. The areas will have to be formalized in order to achieve sanity of which this will include re-planning of the areas to include services initially not present in these areas. Other environmentally sensitive areas will have to be buffered from encroachments and other human activities due to anticipated population increase. This will entail displacement of people and the need to secure parcels of lands for the displaced individual for possible reallocations.

2.3.5. Impact of the Continuation of Population Growth on Other Land Uses With continued population growth and no control systems in place, there will be high land encroachment on both public and private properties such as schools, health facilities, airstrips, forestry reserves, game reserves and private farms. This is because of rapid infrastructure development to match the rate of population growth. In this regard, there will be need to heighten controls and enforcements to avoid uncontrolled development. Uncontrolled land demand will distort aesthetic outlook of the district and this will in turn make it difficult to provide fundamental services such as water, electricity and roads. 19 | P a g e 20 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.0 SECTORAL AND THEMATIC ANALYSIS

3.1 Transport and Communication

3.1.1. Review of Policies and Plans The 8th National Development Plan under the Strategic Development Area 1: Economic Transformation and Job Creation highlights that improvements will be made to the transport and logistics sub-sectors through the maintenance, development, modernisation and integration of road, rail, air and water transport infrastructure. The strategic geographical position of Sesheke district responds well to be the focus of improvement for the transport and logistics subsectors in order to support regional trade between western province and southern province as well as enhance cross border trade between Zambia and Namibia2. Improvements in the transport and logistics sectors in Sesheke district will contribute to the opening up of rural areas for development therefore enhancing the participation of local communities in the development of the country at large and the district in particular. Among the programmes highlighted in the 8th National Development Plan include; Aviation development, road development and maintenance, rail development and maintenance, inland water transport development and maintenance, trade centre development and warehousing development. Furthermore, another strategy under the Strategic Development Area 1 of the 8th National Development Plan is to enhance digital capacity through the integration of digital technologies into business processes to promote efficiency and productivity for economic transformation. In order to ensure that citizens in rural communities are connected to socio-economic services such as mobile phones, the Government will rollout of digital communications infrastructure thereby increasing access to internet. This will translate in construction of telecommunication towers in Sesheke district. With the district having a predominantly youthful population, the district ought to align with the Government intention to facilitate investment in building digital skills to provide a sound foundation for innovation, including in science and technology. Therefore, with Sesheke district having the first ever Trades and Skills Training school, the introduction of digital enhancement programmes will help youths in acquiring digital technological skills to be used in business innovation to create employment and transform the economy. Among the programmes highlighted in the 8th National Development Plan include ICT infrastructure development, Digital innovation and entrepreneurship development, Digital skills enhancement and digital services promotion.

3.1.2. Description of the Existing State of Development Transportation infrastructure in Sesheke includes roads, inland water transport and an airstrip. The main infrastructure facilitating the movement of people and goods is the road network system followed by water transport via the Zambezi river channel. The airstrip which is in a deplorable state and heavily encroached by illegal residential developments is partly used for government’s security operations. The Local Authority has since been granted land by the Barotse Royal Establishment 2 8th National Development Plan, 2022 20 | P a g e 21 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 (BRE) for relocation and development of the airstrip. It is therefore important to note that, most of the rural communities in the district still depend on ox-carts, sledges and footing. Due to the unique terrain of the district, which is mostly sandy, in most places while swampy and murky in some especially during the rainy season some areas in the outskirts of the township do not have access to the public transportation system. The terrain of district pose serious cost and technical challenges in the construction and maintenance of roads. As regards to communication, the district has limited access to digital technology especially in rural areas where the predominant settlements for the population in the district dwell. Access to internet services and mobile telecommunication services needs the enhancement of infrastructure such as towers to boost the signal. The district does not have an operational radio station making access to critical information on local developmental programmes difficult posing a challenge for citizens to participate meaningfully in the development agenda of the nation and the district in particular. This can be seen by the limited participation in the constituency development fund (CDF) programme. Availability of Service Public transport services and the supporting infrastructure such as bus stations or terminals are lacking in the development area. The local Authority does not have an operational bus terminus both In the Central Business District (CBD) as well as the Katima Mulilo sub-centre except for the convenient spaces where taxis and buses load and offload. With increased social and economic activities in the district, there is need to construct bus stations and establish taxi ranks. The district also lacks gazetted public transport routes within and outside the towns, except for the Sesheke – Livingstone- Mongu (M10) road. The rural community have a challenge in their transportation owing to poor road network. This makes it difficult for transporters to provide the service. Water transport lacks the necessary infrastructure and equipment. Therefore, transportation via water transport is mainly by way of crossing from settlements on the west bank to the east bank of the Zambezi River and vice-versa. This is by means of canoes and small engine propelled fibre boats. Although the district has a designated airstrip, the facility is non-operational for its intended purpose as the runway is in a deplorable state and lacks the basic supporting infrastructure such as a terminal and communication towers. There are however three private airstrips at Zambelozi Lodge, Kabula Lodge and Likaka house respectively. In terms of communication, the district is serviced by Airtel, MTN, and Zamtel for voice services and Liquid Telecom in some selected establishments for internet service provision only. Access to mobile communication network is limited in rural areas making it difficult for the rural population to access information timely especially in remote parts of Luampungu and Imusho Wards. Television signal can be accessed through digital satellite and radio signal is good with the exception of some areas in the outskirts. The district has one local community radio station, which is yet to be operational, and there is no local private radio stations except for foreign stations operating from the nearby Namibian town of Katima Mulilo across the Zambezi river. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance 21 | P a g e 22 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Road Transport Sesheke district has five (5) main feeder (non-conditioned, some partially gravelled) roads with a total mileage of 485 km. There are a number of other motorable and non-motorable tracks in the district. The majority of the feeder roads are in a deplorable state and require periodic maintenance. Although some feeder roads have been fitted with culverts and bridges, they are not regularly monitored and maintained leading to poor accessibility to some parts of the district. To that effect, the district has identified the most important feeder roads particularly those serving the economic areas and development and agricultural camps that should be upgraded to all weather gravel standard. Tables 3.1 and 3.2 below depict the actual names of the existing township and feeder roads, estimated mileage, status and surface type and some of the existing bridges and culverts. Table 3: Showing Feeder Roads in the district S/N Road KM Road Status Ward Bridge Name Type Name/Culvert 1 Sesheke - Sesheke - 178 Feeder Very Bad Katima/Imusho TBD Chivula - Chivula Imusho - Mbao (198km) Chivula - 20 Feeder Very Bad Imusho TBD Imusho Imusho - 15 Feeder Very Bad Imusho TBD Mbao Very Bad 2 Neongelo – 110 Feeder Kalobolelwa/ TBD Makanda - Imusho Imusho Very Bad 3 Silumbu – 115 Feeder Silumbu/ Imusho TBD Kapau - Imusho Very Bad 4 Sesheke - 60 Feeder Mulimambango/Nakatindi TBD Mazaba - and Lusu Katete Very Bad 5 Sesheke - 180 Feeder Mulimambango/Lusu/ TBD Sonso Luampungu 22 | P a g e 23 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 8: Showing the main roads in the IDP Area A typical example of a sandy road as shown below Figure 9: showing a typical sandy road in Sesheke district Table 3.2: Condition of Township Roads and Trunk Roads in 23 | P a g e 24 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Road Name Km Road Type Status Remarks Township 7.5 Gravel Motorable Upgrading of roads in progress though Roads completion has substantially delayed due to unforeseen circumstances by the contractor. M10 107 Gravel Motorable Road in deplorable condition with more than 90% of the motorable surface having turned into graven sections. (Source: STC Engineering Department Draft Road Sector Master Plan 2025 - 2029) Air Transport The district currently does not have a gazetted airstrip. However, land has been identified and planned for in the extended township boundary for an airstrip. Private airstrips exist on some commercial farms. Water Transport Sesheke district has a good number of sections of the Zambezi River, areas where water transport is utilized especially for crossing between the east and west banks of the Zambezi to access service delivery centres or crop fields by communities on either side of the river. Private Lodge owners use water transport to provide recreation services to their clientele. In terms of road access to socio-economic Infrastructure, the district generally experiences poor road conditions which does not adequately connect communities to access various social and economic infrastructure ranging from Schools, Health Centres, Police Posts, Markets and agricultural farming areas. There is need to invest heavily in the construction of roads in the district in order to improve and enhance accessibility to social amenities. Mobile Network Coverage Though most parts of the district enjoy access to mobile networks, inadequate mobile phone coverage characterize parts of Imusho, Nangombe and Luampungu wards of which Zamtel whose signal is generally weak in most parts of the stated wards services a few parts. 3G and 4G networks can only be accessed in urban and peri-urban setups. Consequently, there is a need to increase network coverage area through the installation of more mobile network towers in the district. 24 | P a g e 25 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 10: Showing the locations of communication towers in the district Radio Signal Coverage The district has one yet to be completed local community radio station that is currently under construction and no local television station. The district enjoys signal coverage from the public broadcaster, ZNBC though the quality of signal diminishes as you get away from the central business district to the outskirts. Therefore, to improve rural access to information, the district needs to facilitate the establishment of a television station and improve radio signal coverage.

3.1.3. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process Transport and communication infrastructure plays a crucial role in communities’ access to basic socio- economic services and facilities including education facilities, health facilities, police posts/stations, and markets and farming areas. During community consultative meetings conducted across the district, it was highlighted that most communities have challenges in accessing social and economic services due to the poor state of feeder roads. Furthermore, participants indicated that poor mobile phone reception in most parts of the district affects access to social and economic service delivery centres. 25 | P a g e 26 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.1.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years It is anticipated that the population of Sesheke will grow by 4.3% per annum leading to an increase in demand for improved transport and communication services. The district will align its development strategies to the 8th National Development Plan to improve transport and logistics as well as enhance its digital capacity. It is expected that by 2034 Sesheke district will register improvements in the transport and logistics sub- sectors concerning the state of roads to access rural communities as well as enhance cross border trade with Namibia by setting up support infrastructure such as warehouses. It is also expected that by 2034 the district will be open for development and will see increased tourism activities through the development of an airstrip with supporting infrastructure. Furthermore, it is expected that by 2034 Sesheke district will have an operational community radio station and studio with increased access to mobile network coverage and internet connectivity in all parts of the district.

3.1.5. Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities It is projected that population will increase by over 43% between 2024 and 2034, this implies that the demand for accessible and motorable roads will require more resources for the construction and maintenance of roads. Telecommunication services that house mobile, a local radio and television network will have to be expanded to meet the demand of the services.

3.1.6. Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programmes See the Tables 3.3 and 3.4 below for the Existing Development Programs and proposed Development Programmes. Table 3.3: Existing Development Programs in Transport and telecommunication S/N Existing Development Programs 1 Construction of Truck Parking Bay 2 Upgrading of Township roads to gravel standard 3 Construction of communication towers in selected parts of the district 4 Establishment of Community Radio Station Table 3.4: Proposed Development Programs S/N Proposed Development Programs 1 Erection of mobile network towers in additional needy areas 3 Upgrading of mobile network services to 4G in rural areas 4 Extension of radio coverage 5 Construction of a local T.V station 6 Construction of - Imusho Road 7 Construction of Kalobolelwa – Kapau – Ngweze – Imusho road 8 Construction of – Lusu – Luampungu feeder road 9 Construction of an airstrip 26 | P a g e 27 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.1.7. Impact of the Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns Population pressure will trigger the demand to open up more roads necessitated by establishment of new settlements. In order to cater for this, more land will need to be secured for road infrastructure and other social services. The population distribution pattern, which is sparse, poses a challenge with regards to planning and financing of roads, and telecommunication infrastructure development. The other impacts of demand for more roads are deforestation, finance, encroachment of protected areas and compensation of resettled communities.

3.1.8. Environment and Climate Change Analysis The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change Transport and telecommunications sector have huge Environmental impacts that are caused by opening up and rehabilitation of roads, which demands cutting down trees and any other vegetation on site and replacing it with compacted gravel or asphalt concrete. Whereas for telecommunication towers, portions of land is cleared in different locations to mount the towers so that there is no disturbance to the network. While clearing of land is important for the two developments, it is the underlying cause of climate change. The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector Climate change poses a threat to existing and future infrastructure, including high costs for adaptation, maintenance, and potential negative impacts on transit. Climate change has come with projected rainfall, temperature, and flooding with changes on the paved and unpaved road infrastructure. As a result, government and Local Authorities will have to source resources from other development projects to finance road infrastructure development and for the maintenance and adaptation of the existing infrastructure.

3.1.9. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups Because most roads in the district are not of bituminous standard, they become impassable in the rainy season cutting the vulnerable in the rural parts, which makes it difficult for them to access social amenities. Transportation of goods also becomes a challenge, especially for the female gender who is mostly engaged in small-scale businesses. Additionally, poor telecommunication, radio and TV also deprive vulnerable groups of an equal opportunity to access information.

3.1.10. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing to the Issues Identified Some of the underlying factors contributing to poor road network and telecommunication systems can be attributed to inadequate funding towards the sector in the district, inadequate monitoring, lack of earth moving equipment for road works and sparsely settlement pattern which makes the provision of road infrastructure and telecommunication services costly.

3.1.11. Core Problems x Poor road network and mobile phone connectivity x Poor crossing points x Lack of support infrastructure such as Bus Terminus, Fuelling Station, Truck Parks & Airstrip x Lack of community radio station 27 | P a g e 28 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.2 Agriculture Sector

3.2.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level Increase Agricultural Production and Productivity The agriculture sector is one of the key strategic areas for Sesheke District which intends to contribute significantly to the national and household food security. To achieve the foregoing strategic development areas, strengthening marketing linkages, agricultural production and productivity should be enhanced. That is why the Ministry of Agriculture has launched the National Mechanization Strategy 2024 – 2028 (NAMS). Once the objectives of this strategy are realized, the country will have more smallholder farmers graduating to emergent farmers. A large number of market-oriented emergent farmers will help in increasing the amount of land under irrigation, Thereby ensuring food and nutrition security in the district and country at large. Farmer input support: Strengthening the collaboration between the ministry of agriculture and ministry of small scale and medium enterprise under the department of cooperative at the district level to support cooperatives and farmer groups to run as businesses. The aim of this program is targeted at ensuring that food security is made to be secure at household level by training households to venture into businesses. This collaboration shall also enhance the businesses innovations created by both ministries to have the same goals and objective, which are targeted at supporting the farmers who are benefiting from the program. Sustainable Finance Facility The SAFF is an Agriculture Credit Window, whose objective is to provide affordable agriculture finance loans to small and medium scale farmers and was established in response to the Presidential Directive to implement a loan facility for farmers. It is a market-based initiative intended to secure long-term financing for small and medium scale farmers as well as small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agriculture value chain. It is intended to boost both production and productivity of Maize, Soya Beans and wheat to meet Governments deliverables highlighted in the Comprehensive Agricultural Transformation Support Program (CATSP). Agribusiness development Promotion of value addition for selected agricultural commodities through establishment of value addition centres, for Maize and vegetables value chain. This will lead to market-oriented agriculture, which will in turn promote group/ bulk marketing among small-scale farmers. Irrigation development The key focus of the district is to promote irrigation through the tapping of water from the Zambezi river selected wards in the district. This is key in ensuring that there is agriculture production throughout the year. 28 | P a g e 29 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Research and development The Ministry in collaboration with researchers from Zambia Agricultural research institute has continuously conducted research in view of developing draught tolerant variety crops and early maturing varieties with a view of securing the farmers crops by enhancing their production and mitigating challenges arising from climate change such as draught, diseases and pests / insects. Strengthen linkages between research and extension institutions through consultation and engagement – by promoting and encouraging on farm planning, implementation and assessment of research activities to be encouraged. Extension Services Support Improvement of agricultural information dissemination through participatory extension approaches such as road shows, farmer field schools, field days, agricultural shows, radio stations and print media. Farm block and resettlement schemes development The proposed establishment of a farm block in Luampungu is necessary as this will lead to the promotion of out grower schemes in the farm block to promote crop diversification based on the core ventures, and shorten the land acquisition process by advocating for land title deeds to be done at the provincial centre.

3.2.2. Description of the Existing State of Development Size (approximate) hectares of District Farmland The number of hectares cultivated in Sesheke district is around 17,952 hectares. The land in the district is mainly sandy, making production without any soil amendments difficult. This is because sandy soil has poor water and nutrient-holding capacity. Most farmers are using communal traditional land for crop production. These farmers hold up to 5 hectares of traditional land. On average, each farmer cultivates and plants about 2 hectares per season. Agriculture Blocks and Camps The district has been administratively divided into five (5) agricultural blocks and 31 agricultural camps. A total of 21 agricultural camps are manned. In terms of farmers, the district has an approximate farmer population of 22,408; 11,474 males and 10,934 females. 29 | P a g e 30 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 11: Showing the locations of Agric Blocks and Camps Crops Grown Maize is the main crop cultivated by the majority of farmers in the district’s sandy and sandy loamy soils under rain-fed conditions. Other crops cultivated include groundnuts, cowpeas, millet, and sorghum. Cassava and sweet potatoes are also grown in some parts of the district. In addition, the district has mixed vegetable farmers mostly dotted along the Zambezi River in Lusu East and Research Camps. Extension services provided to these farmers mainly involve planting, pest and disease control. 30 | P a g e 31 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Rainfall and Climatic Conditions In a good year, the agricultural season starts at the end of October and runs through to mid-March. Figure 12: Map Showing the Country Agro Ecological Zones Crop Productivity in Mt/ha Table 4 Showing Crop Productivity in the district: Crop Baseline (2021) 2022 2023 Maize 0.36 1.05 0.45 Rice 1.49 2.00 0 0.36 0.95 0.2 Sorghum Millet 0.32 0.90 0.38 Groundnuts 0.35 0.64 0.45 Cowpeas 0.24 0.65 0 Productive Assets Owned The district is predominantly made up of small-scale farmers cultivating less than 5 hectares of land per household. These mostly own cattle, ox-chats, ox-drawn ploughs, axes, hoes, rippers, knapsack sprayers, and donkeys. 31 | P a g e 32 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Number of Households practicing Agriculture No of No of No. of No. of No. of No. of Farmers Blocks Camps Zones Villages HH Male Female Total 5 31 111 477 8,297 11,474 10,934 22,408

3.2.3. Assessment of existing state of development Agriculture is a multi-sectorial sector, which is linked to various sectors like the energy sector, infrastructure sector, and small and medium enterprise sector. In order to fully achieve the strategies, objectives and goals of the agriculture sector by 2030, there is need to have a middle-income district that has improved and adequate infrastructure, adequate farm machinery implements, stable and adequate supply of energy to both the urban and rural communities, adequate storage infrastructure for marketing and bulking. Sesheke district has inadequate facilities for dissemination of information, inadequate road and energy infrastructure. The population trends are steady increasing, and the need for modern storage facilities for food and inputs will increase. In order to meet the future demands for skills in agriculture, the district require a modern Farmers Training Centre within the Central Business District. Currently, the district relies on a dilapidated Farmer Service Centre, which requires refurbishment. Availability of Service The district has five blocks of agricultural camps to offer extension services to the farmers however; there is need to strengthen institutional capacity to provide appropriate extension services in form creating more blocks and camps in order to enable easy access to these services by the farmers. It has been noticed that Sesheke district has inadequate access to appropriate extension messages on sustainable crop production, inadequate access to appropriate agricultural inputs, including fertilizer, seed, herbicides, and livestock medicines, Lack of affordable and accessible agricultural financial services for farmers, especially for smallholder farmers. Low investment in irrigation encourages dependence on uncertain rainfall, resulting in frequent variations in yield. Inadequate public and private sector research and extension services constrain development of appropriate technologies and delivery of extension messages to increase production Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance The District agriculture office still has gaps to be able to offer quality extension services to farmers; i) High farmer to officers Ratio (1:1067). The ideal ratio is 1:500. ii) Poor state of the Farmer Training Centre (FTC) in the district. iii) Only 9 out of 21 manned camps have camp houses. iv) Vast camp coverage - The standard camp radius is 15 Km. But all agriculture camps in the district are above 20 Km. v) Lack of adequate and reliable transport for extension staff. 32 | P a g e 33 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.2.4. Issues Arising From the Public Participation Process Sesheke District Agricultural Office plays a key role in supporting small scales, state institutions and non-governmental organizations in skills, technologies and knowledge relating to improved and modern agricultural practices that aim to increase productivity and production. The Ministry provides such technical support to small scale farmers to enable increased production and productivity that will enhance food security and improved income among smallholder farming communities. There is huge potential in the agricultural sector. Sesheke is capable of producing enough for consumption and surplus for export due to its geographical features and location, climate and weather. i) Inadequate staff houses for field officers - Camps and blocks ii) Lack of adequate transport for smooth extension service delivery iii) Shortage of staff, especially at the district level. iv) Vast camps and high officer-to-farmer ratios v) Low agricultural production and productivity; vi) Low levels of agricultural mechanization, among smallholder farmers; vii) High dependence on rain-fed agriculture compounded by low levels of irrigation viii) Inefficient agricultural markets for inputs and outputs; ix) High post-harvest losses x) Limited access and availability of agricultural finance and credit facilities; xi) Low private sector participation in agricultural development; xii) Reduced net value of agricultural exports particularly for horticulture and floriculture products. xiii) Unsustainable use of natural resources especially land and water xiv) Low resilience to Climate Change effects.

3.2.5. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years Over the next ten years, the population of the District is anticipated to significantly increase. This means that there will be more people venturing into Agricultural production. The steady increase of people venturing into agriculture will be important in ensuring food security. Therefore, these people need to be incentivized in line with the National Agriculture Mechanization strategy and the Comprehensive Agriculture Transformation Plan (CATSP). In line with the foregoing, there should be increased easy access to agricultural finance on flexible terms. This will help to galvanize agricultural mechanization and Irrigation activities. Increased agricultural production will allow for increased participation among farmers in the market. The increase in market-oriented farmers will help create value-addition systems around agricultural products. This will in turn create more employment among residents. Access to finance for irrigation services will complement government efforts of setting up irrigation schemes and provision of inputs through both the Farmer Input Support Programme and the Food Security Pack

3.2.6. Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities About bout 0.5% of the 8500 registered farmers are accessing farm mechanization services. With the establishment of the mechanization service centre, the district projects to increase the percentage of farmers accessing mechanization services to 25% in the next ten years. 33 | P a g e 34 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 x Currently the ratio of officer to farmer is 1:1,067, in the next ten years the ratio will be reduced to the recommended 1:500. x In the next 10 years the FISP beneficiaries to increase from 600 to above 5000 x In the next 10 years the SAFF beneficiaries to increase from 6 to 4000 x The district has two (2) standard grain storage sheds under FRA. However, the district has no cold storage for agriculture product. The need for storage facilities will increase by 30% in the next 10 years for both cold and grain storage. This is attributed to increased agricultural investment in the district. x Deforestation activities are expected to triple in the district, however, mitigation measures such as SCRALA Project and other programs under the department of forestry will be developed to address this.

3.2.7. Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programmes The Agricultural sector will boost investment in infrastructure, market linkages and climate smart agriculture among rural communities. The most likely growth points include, Boma, katongo, Maondo, Lusu east and Lusu west. The government of the Republic of Zambia has put up different investments in the Agricultural Sector in Sesheke district. These are highlighted below: - Forty-three field and administrative staff members. - Four District Office blocks. - One Farmer Training Centre. - Nine Camp houses. - Two PQPS houses in Katima Mulilo. - The SCRALA project is also setting up a bulking center in the Mutemwa area of Lusu Ward in Mutemwa Camp. - Five irrigation schemes are also in the process of being set up in Boma East, Lusu West, Katongo, Research and Maondo Agricultural Camps. - Through the Food and Agriculture Organization, a Centre of Excellence has been established at the Farmer Training Centre (FTC). - 11,600 farmers are being supported with knowledge about Climate Smart Agriculture, post- harvest loss management, food preservation and processing and value-chain development. - 600 farmers are benefitting through the Farmer Input Support programme. - 6 farmers benefitted from the Sustainable Agriculture Finance Facility. 34 | P a g e 35 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 - Under the Global Environment Facility (GEF7) Project, 84 farmers are engaged in Seed Multiplication. This is an addition to 28 farmers that are engaged in Seed Multiplication under the SCRALA Project. The proposed investments and development programmes are as follows: - There is a need for the rehabilitation of the FTC. - There is a need for gazetting and building of Camp houses in the newly created and some old Camps. - There is also need to operationalize the Zambia/Namibia Joint Agricultural Production Project (ZANAP). This project already holds nearly 6000 hectares of titled land, Farm 10660. - There is still need for more interventions to promote climate resilience and adaptation among farmers, as the district is vulnerable to climatic shocks. - There is a need to promote irrigation through irrigation schemes, dambo areas and along the Zambezi River. Some of the investment requirements in terms of equipment, staff, etc. under the Agriculture Sector to create an ideal situation are given in the table below: Staff/Equipment Requirements Number 1 Camp Officers 31 2 District Staff 39 3 FTC Staff 12 4 Tablets 36 5 Laptops 39 6 Motorbikes 36 7 Land Cruiser 2

3.2.8. The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use The current trend in agriculture is the low rainfall performance. This has encouraged many farmers to venture into gardening along the different water bodies in the District. Gardening generally requires frequent spraying. Therefore, chemicals may distort the ecosystem by killing some important organisms and may contaminate water bodies. Low rainfall will impact population distribution as farmers migrate to areas that are close to water bodies. In addition, the majority of farmers around the district do not use fertilizer in their farming. With the soil being generally sandy, thereby easily losing soil nutrients due to leeching, farmers are forced to abandon their fields for fresh pieces of land in search of better yields. This contributes to deforestation and land degradation, which in turn contributes to low precipitation.

3.2.9. Environment and Climate Change Analysis Most of the agriculture production practiced in the district is rain-fed. Therefore, in seasons where the rainfall performance has been below normal, the majority of farmers experience food insecurity. For example, the 2023/2024 agricultural season was marred with drought. Although the 35 | P a g e 36 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Meteorological Department attributed the drought to the El Nino phenomenon, it only exacerbated already existing climatic shocks The impacts of environmental and climate change affect different sectors. These include land degradation, siltation and drying of water sources such as rivers; streams affecting aquatic life as well as heavy wind load have destructive impact on agricultural infrastructure and crops. Other impacts will include the introduction of new pest and disease that may also affect human population.

3.2.10. The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change The development of the agricultural sector has been associated with land clearing, wildlife displacement, and land degradation. Therefore, the sector will continue to be linked to loss of wildlife habitat, air and water pollution and water demand. These effects will be linked to disturbance on production and productivity in the district due to soil degradation and disturbance in stream flow leading to loss of the soil and water resources needed for crop production.

3.2.11. The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector Climate change issues such as drought in other parts of the world have already affected the district negatively by the rise in new crop diseases and pests. For example, the district grappled with a surge in the Locust population during the 2020/2021 season. There is also a proliferation of other pests such as Army Worms and Tuta absoluta, a tomato-destroying pest. These pests negatively affect crop yield and make crop production expensive, as there is a need for the farmer to frequently purchase control chemicals. Climate change issues such increased flooding; increased wind loads have a negatively impacted the Agricultural sector, the impact to the farming communities is devastating as climate change has led to loss of arable land, loss of livestock and income leading to increased food insecurity. Most notable effects of the changes in weather and climatic patterns include, negative effects on the physical resilience of agricultural infrastructure such as (crossing points, irrigation infrastructure, storage facilities)

3.2.12. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups x Men and boys Traditionally, men are generally advantaged concerning access to land and other means of production. However, this group is at risk of various occupational health hazards such as injuries due to accidents. On the other hand, there are child labour concerns in the way boys are involved in crop production. x Women and Girls Women rarely own the means of production. Therefore, there is a need to ensure that at least 60 percent of the beneficiaries of every project are female and youths. Females also 36 | P a g e 37 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 have an advantage, as they are mostly involved in the preservation and storage of different vegetables. The promotion of this aspect of agriculture can create a value chain that can attract investment and promote exports.

3.2.13. Summary As established, Vision 2030 and other policies, plans and strategies in the agricultural sector aim to increase the land under cultivation. They also aim to create diversification and sustainability within the sector. For the district, population growth will naturally increase the land under cultivation over time. However, to make the sector more efficient, there is a need for more investments in irrigation, mechanization, climate-smart agriculture and innovation. Currently, the Ministry of Agriculture in the district is being supported by the SCRALA and GEF7 Projects to achieve its objectives of promoting climate-smart agriculture, climate resilience and agricultural value chains although with some of the challenges highlighted below; x Inadequate Agricultural Infrastructure Development e.g. bulking centres, storage facilities etc. x low agricultural productivity among small scale farmers x Low Agricultural Mechanization x Inadequate Farmer Input Support (FISP) x Inadequate Irrigation development x Inadequate Integrated Farming Development x Inadequate Extension Support Services x Lack of an early warning and surveillance systems in place at the District Level

3.2.14. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing To the Issues Identified Inadequate Agricultural Infrastructure Development This is due to the poor rural road network and infrastructure, which result in high cost of transportation of inputs and products, therefore reduce the net incomes, and discourage farmers. Low agricultural productivity among small-scale farmers This core issue has been attributed to low agricultural mechanization, inadequate Farmer Input Support (FISP), Inadequate Irrigation development, Inadequate Extension Support Services, ineffective early warning and surveillance systems and prolonged land acquisition process, and Lack of research and development centre in the district. 37 | P a g e 38 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.3 Livestock and Fisheries Sector Overview The Mandate of the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock is anchored on Government Gazette Notice No. 183 of 2012. It facilitates and supports the development of sustainable, diversified and competitive fisheries and livestock sectors that assure food and nutrition security, contribute to job creation and maximize profits and the sector’s contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It provides technical advice, extension services, statutory functions, production and productivity through stocking and Restocking of livestock, animal health care and protection. Livestock rearing is practiced in all the parts of the district but it is more concentrated on the East Bank of the district than West Bank of the district which has lowlands (plains) that provides pasture and watering points throughout the year and livestock rearing in the district is mainly undertaken by the traditional sector. The livestock population is shown in Table 1. The district has the Livestock Service Centre where farmers are trained in various livestock production systems.

3.3.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level The vision of the Government in livestock sector is to increase livestock population to more than 6,000,000 by 2030. This is being actualized at the district level by Stocking and Restocking Programmes in the district (Goat Pass-on concept, Village Chickens pass-on, Beef cattle), and training farmers in various Livestock productions (Beef, Goat, Broiler, Layer, and Pig production). Other programs include training farmers in fish farming and Fish management, introducing and training farmers in pasture production, establishment of a rangeland called Kopano Rangelands in Lusu Ward and Working in collaboration with other stakeholders in the district who are implementing similar programmes e. g Mafisa, Sclara and provision of animal health care and protection.

3.3.2. Description of the Existing State of Development Availability of Services Currently the district has Ten (10) Veterinary camps and 5 Livestock camps. The district has Five (05) trained staff under the Department of Fisheries, Two (02) trained staff under the Department of Livestock Development, and Ten trained staff (10) under the Department of Veterinary Services. These provide extension services to the community through provision of Livestock training in various Animals productions; provide quality Assurance, control of livestock diseases, issuance of livestock permits. In addition, the district has a Livestock Service Centre where livestock farmers are trained in various livestock production Systems. The district has one (01) private abattoir and one slaughter slab under the Local Authority where quality assurance is provided through meat inspections. Quality of Service including Key Indicators of Performance The quality of the available services being provided to the farmers is generally average and this is because the number of livestock and veterinary assistants offering the services to the farmers in the district is not adequate to meet the required standard. The Livestock and Veterinary Camp are very vast which makes service delivery to the community difficulty. In order to help in delivery of quality 38 | P a g e 39 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 services, there are several collaborating partners in the district that supplement government efforts, such as the Zambia Aquaculture Development Entrepreneurship Programme (ZADEP) and Zayo Hub Mafisa Zambia. Camp Veterinary Livestock No. of Farmers Activity camp camp serviced Maondo Manned Not manned 3,587 Animal health and Nakatindi Manned Not manned 2.013 production Mulimambango Manned Not manned 2.511 extension services Katima Mulilo Manned Not manned 623 Lusu Manned Not manned 1,701 Kalobolelwa Manned Not manned 1,931 Silumbu Not manned Not manned 563 Luampungu Not manned Not manned 788 Nangombe Not manned Not manned 589 Imusho Not manned Not manned 510

3.3.3. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process The following are concerns that arose from the community and stakeholders’ participation process; x Low Livestock productivity due to non-availability of pasture (especially in the dry season) x Inadequate extension services due to vastness of camps. x Poor local breeds for both cattle and goats x Inadequate numbers of extension staff for all departments x Poor road conditions to fish camps x High cost of fish feed, Low harvesting weights/low tonnage of fish harvested and inadequate extension staff to assist farmers in fish production. x Lack of refrigeration facilities for fish processing and beef value chain addition x Lack/inadequate Livestock information x Lack of fridges for extension staff houses for vaccine and drug storage x Deprivation of fish from the natural bodies especially in the Zambezi River x Lack of livestock market centres x Inadequate fish ponds in the district x Lack of fingerlings production centre within the district x Lack of commodity livestock infrastructure (Bulking Centres) x Lack of Bulking centres for honey x inadequate market and market information on honey x lack of Registration of beekeeping groups x lack of credit facilities for livestock farmers x lack/inadequate Integrated Fish Farming 39 | P a g e 40 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 x lack of dip tanks for tick-borne diseases

3.3.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated over the next Ten Years Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities The population of the country is continuously growing therefore this will give more demand on fish and fish products, and Livestock and Livestock products as a major source of protein. There will be therefore an increased in demand for extension services, aquaculture facilities and increased pressure on the natural water resource for fish. The district population is projected to increase to 108,066 by 2034 people and this change will result in an increase of demand for the following for food, farmers needing support (inputs and extension services), increase in demand for communal grazing land, increase in demand for livestock watering points, mounting increased demand on natural resources (Fish) of the district. This will lead to a high farmer to extension officer(s) ratio, which will require deployment of more extension officers, livestock and veterinary assistants in all camps if the district is to contribute to making district an efficient, competitive and sustainable livestock sector.

3.3.5. Existing and Proposed Investment and Development programmes i) Establishment of the Breeding Centre and/or provision of Artificial Insemination Centre ii) Construction of the Refrigeration facility (Cold Chain) for value addition in beef and fish processing iii) Construction of abattoir iv) Establishment of Fingering production centre v) Construction/establishment of bulk centres for small ruminants

3.3.6. The Impact of the Continuation of the Existing Trends on Land Use The impact of the existing developments on land use and population pattern is on grazing land, creation of social conflict and deforestation. As cattle population increases due to demand for animal protein due to increase in human population there will be grazing pressure on natural pasture, which will lead to soil erosion as a result of too many settlements in the district. There will be a social conflict between livestock and humans due to non-allocation of pastoral land for livestock grazing as most of the land will be taken for crop production. Population increase will also give rise to high demand in land use and water accessibility to livestock farmers and movement towards lowland (Plans) of some indigenous residents. This may cause conflicts for the land along the river lowlands in the district.

3.3.7. Environmental and Climate Change Analysis The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change There will be departure of resources from addressing developmental issues to mitigating the effects of the environment and climate change. Extension services delivery to the communities will not be effectively delivered in the district. 40 | P a g e 41 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.3.8. The Impact of Environment and Climate Change Issues on the Sector The livestock sector contributes to the livelihoods of the majority of rural population in the district. Demand for livestock products is expected to double by 2030, mainly due to increase in human population in the district. Climate change is a threat to livestock production because of the impact on quality of feed crop and forage, natural pasture, water availability, animal and milk production, livestock diseases and animal reproduction. These impacts are primarily due to an increase in temperature and rainfall pattern variation, and a combination of these factors. Temperature affects most of the critical factors for livestock production, such as water availability, animal production, reproduction and health. Forage quantity and quality are affected by a combination of increases in temperature and precipitation variation. Livestock diseases are mainly affected by an increase in temperature and precipitation variation. Livestock production and productivity, areas that are already water stressed are likely to experience the most negative impacts. Changing weather patterns and warming temperatures will contribute to shifting of pest and disease distribution in livestock. Natural pasture and forage/fodder availability will be negatively impacted.

3.3.9. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups Women and Girls Participation of women and girls in Livestock production and Fisheries development is key to ensuring household food security and poverty reduction. Women and girls rarely own livestock due to social and cultural norms. Cultural barriers limit women participation in development and leads to inequalities. However, women in the district have now started participating in Livestock production and the government has empowered women by providing resources such as goats and village chickens through the pass-on projects. Men and Boys Men are culturally advantaged as they own livestock and boys usually look after animals especially cattle and goats. Most extension service demonstrations are attended by men. The Youths Youths are the most productive age group in the society. However, few youths are actively involved in the sector due to the wrong perception that Livestock farming is labour intensive and for old people. Majority of the youths are vulnerable regardless of gender. Many youths lack mentors and motivation to take farming as a business. However, youth have encouraged to take up Livestock farming using CDF funds and others have taken up Fish farming through the support of ZAEDEP and CEEC.

3.3.10. Summary The IDP Livestock sector area still remains endemic to a number of diseases among them Anthrax, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Black Quarter, CBPP, and Tick-Borne Disease in cattle as well as Newcastle disease in Poultry. The sector still has some challenges that compromise the ability for the people to benefit from its full potential, thereby failing to make a significant dent on the district and country’s poverty levels. 41 | P a g e 42 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The Livestock and Fisheries sectors though faced with a number of challenges is one that not only provide a source of protein but provide jobs, entrepreneurial opportunities and contribute more to gross domestic product (GDP) of the nation. Resources therefore have to be allocated in this sector as part of the IDP strategy as it has a lot of potential for poverty alleviation. Spatial data collection is needed so as to create maps showing livestock distribution, disease prevalence and location of camp officers in relation to population distribution. Climate Change negatively affects the Livestock and Fisheries sectors in that increasing temperatures reduce availability of surface and ground water for plant production, human needs, livestock and aquaculture. In addition, it also causes increased livestock disease incidence, reduced pasture quality and availability. Additionally, these hazards reduce water availability for livestock, aquaculture and capture fisheries. The main critical issue for the sector is the low production and productivity among livestock farmers in the district x Low staffing levels at camp level x Lack of staff accommodation and auxiliary infrastructure at camp level x High incidences of Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported fishing activities x Lack of fish hatcheries to support aquaculture production x Persistent livestock disease outbreaks such as Contagious Bovine Pleural Pneumonia x Low livestock productivity due to inferior breeds (Local Breeds) 42 | P a g e 43 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.4 Health and Nutrition Sector

3.4.1. Overview Sesheke planning area has twenty-one (21) health facilities classified as; 1 level 1 hospital, 1 Mini hospital, 9 health centres and 10 health posts. Three facilities are under construction and are expected to be open at the end of 2024. The district benefited from the mass recruitment that was conducted in 2022 by the ministry of health. Medical facilities are located in different parts of the district that have been divided into health catchment areas. The current numbers of health facilities in the planning area are not adequate to provide the requisite level required level of quality health care services closer to the people as envisioned by the Ministry of Health policy, the Eighth National Development Plan as well as the country’s vision 2030.

3.4.2. Key Government Priorities to be implemented at Local Level The health sector plays a pivotal role in advancing the overall well-being of our community. Government’s efforts to provide equitable access to cost-effective and quality health services as close to the family as possible highlights the fundamental importance of healthcare in shaping the sustainable development of our district.

3.4.3. Key Priorities of the 8th national development plan Key Policies, Plans and Strategies Planning area will adopt the following key policies from the Nation level based on its impact on the Health sector Table 5:Health Sector Policies and Plans and Strategies SN PLANS, POLICIES AND KEY ELEMENT STRATEGY 1. Zambia vision 2030 Access for all to good quality basic human necessities such as shelter, titled land, health 2. 8th National Development x To reduce child mortality; Plan (8NDP 2022-2026) x To improve maternal health; and Other National x To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases; Development Plans 3 National health Strategic Plan x to reduce maternal and Child illnesses and deaths, 2022-2026 x Elimination of Malaria x Address alcohol and substance abuse x Halt and reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases x Achieve HIV epidemic control and reduce HIV new infections and x Implement the National Health Insurance Scheme and increase coverage. 4 SDG- goal number 5,6,7 43 | P a g e 44 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 In line with MOH national priority areas, the district health office (DHO) intends to achieve the following: 1. To reduce under five mortality rates (CRF) 2. To increase the proportion of pregnant women attending first ANC within the first trimester 33% in 2021 to 60% in 2026. 3. To ensure 100% testing of exposed babies to HIV at 12 months by end of 2025 towards HIV elimination, 4. To halt and reduce non-communicable disease. In order to achieve the above stated objectives and targets, the district will explore the potential in the community so as to guarantee their participation. A number of trainings for both qualified staff and community volunteers have been planned in maternal child health (MCH) and include concepts like midwifery, community health assistant (CHA), Neighbourhood health committees (NHCs), Emergency obstetric and new-born care (EmONC), Basic emergency obstetric and new-born care (BeMONC), Reach every child (REC) strategy, IMCI trainings etc. Furthermore, frequent follow-ups and technical support to hospital and lower facilities will be conducted in order to improve the quality of health service. Enhancing health education and promotion: The local health sector must enhance community involvement and advocacy for Social Behaviour Change (SBC) by collaborating with diverse stakeholders, including traditional leaders, civic authorities, religious figures, governmental departments, and non-governmental organizations. This collaboration aims to boost awareness and encourage the utilization of healthcare services, fostering a healthier community. Additionally, empowering communities through education and outreach programs can significantly contribute to improved health outcomes and increased access to essential healthcare resources. The district can effectively raise awareness and foster positive health-seeking behaviours among its residents. Maternal and Child Health: Significant progress has been made by the district health sector in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality rates, and the district is striving hard to meet the national target and aligning with the government's aim of achieving zero maternal deaths. Over the past years, from 2021 to 2022, only three maternal deaths were recorded, two in 2021 and one in 2022. To sustain and further advance this achievement, the health sector must intensify facility mentorship and technical support programs, particularly focusing on maternal and neonatal healthcare services such as Focused Antenatal Care. Strengthening community engagement is equally vital, involving collaboration with diverse stakeholders like churches, Safe Motherhood Action Groups (SMAGs), traditional counsellors, and ward councillors to raise awareness about the significance of Antenatal Care (ANC). When it comes to child health, despite notable progress in child survival development, evidenced by a rise in fully immunized children from 70% in 2020 to 86.3% in 2022, challenges persist, notably in reaching children during routine immunization due to seasonal migration to fishing camps. To address this, the district health sector must strive for a 100% fully immunized rate by reinforcing the 44 | P a g e 45 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Expanded Programme for Immunization (EPI) across all health facilities and bolstering outreach health services to remote areas. Additionally, efforts should be directed towards strengthening Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI), Integrated Community Case Management (ICCM), and promoting breastfeeding practices, including early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding, to ensure comprehensive child health services reach all segments of the population. Enhancing Access to Quality Healthcare: To improve access to quality healthcare, the district health sector must prioritize strengthening the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Currently, this scheme is limited to coverage at the district hospital alone. The district health sector, in collaboration with the National Health Insurance Management Authority (NHIMA), should expand the availability of insurance services to more health facilities across the district to increase enrolment in the health insurance scheme. Moreover, fostering partnerships with the private sector within the district, including pharmacies and clinics, to become accredited providers of the health insurance scheme will be essential. By expanding coverage and forging alliances with private healthcare providers, the NHIMA can enhance healthcare accessibility and affordability for a broader segment of the population, ensuring more individuals benefit from comprehensive health insurance services. Improving Food Security and Nutrition: The district's current progress regarding levels of stunting and underweight is commendable, and the health sector aims to maintain this positive trajectory by adhering to existing strategies. Over the past three years, there has been a consistent decrease in stunting levels among children under five years old. In 2020, the decrease was 1.6%, followed by 0.6% in 2021 and 0.4% in 2022, all well below the national standard of not exceeding 5%. Similarly, there has been a continuous decline in underweight levels among children under five, with decreases of 3.3% in 2020, 0.84% in 2021, and 0.45% in 2022, again falling below the national standard. Family Planning: The health sector must expand the provision of family planning services, emphasizing the accessibility of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) and post-partum family planning, particularly in underserved areas. Additionally, enhancing male involvement in sexual and reproductive health services will be crucial, achieved through sensitization meetings led by traditional leaders. By prioritizing these initiatives, the sector aims to empower individuals and couples to make informed choices about family planning, contributing to improve maternal and child health outcomes and overall well-being within the community.

3.4.4. Description of the Existing State of Development Availability of the service A health infrastructure overview of the district shows that the district currently comprises twenty-one health facilities, consisting of one level one hospital (1), one mini hospital (1), nine health centres (9), and ten health posts (10). Additionally, construction is underway for three health posts (3), which, upon completion, will bring the total number of health facilities to twenty-four (24) by the end of 45 | P a g e 46 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 2023. Unfortunately, a significant challenge exists as most of these facilities, including the district hospital, are in a dilapidated state due to prolonged periods of underinvestment. Addressing this infrastructure challenge will be critical to ensuring that all health facilities can effectively deliver essential healthcare services to the community. Figure 13: Showing the locations of Health Facilities in the district The current distribution of health facilities in the district does not adequately meet the accessibility standards outlined by the National Health Standards, which recommend a maximum radius of five kilometres to a health facility. Unfortunately, many areas within the district exceed this distance, especially in remote regions where permanent health facilities are absent, depriving communities of essential healthcare services. To address this issue, the health sector, in collaboration with local authorities and the Constituency Development Fund (CDF), must continue constructing new health facilities throughout the district and renovating existing ones. By expanding the network of health facilities and enhancing their infrastructure, the sector aims to bridge the gap in healthcare accessibility and ensure that all communities have equitable access to vital healthcare services within a reasonable distance. Addressing these challenges will contribute significantly to improving overall health outcomes and well-being throughout the district. The district faces significant housing challenges, particularly in rural health facilities. To tackle this issue, the district health sector, in collaboration with local authorities, must aim for the construction 46 | P a g e 47 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 of staff houses in all rural health facilities throughout the district. Furthermore, efforts must be made to encourage private sector investment in housing construction within rural areas to alleviate the housing shortage. Moreover, there is urgent need for the construction of a district health office. Currently, the staff utilizes structures owned by the hospital, leaving them vulnerable to potential eviction at any time. Establishing a dedicated district health office will provide a stable and secure workspace for staff, ensuring uninterrupted delivery of essential healthcare services to the community. By addressing both housing and infrastructure challenges, the district health office aims to enhance the working conditions of healthcare professionals and improve overall healthcare delivery within the region. Mobile Health Services: The district health sector faces challenges with low demand for health services, particularly in areas such as Maondo RHC and Zambezi RHC, where community migration to fishing camps is prevalent. To tackle this issue, the health sector aims to bolster mobile outreach services by advocating for the procurement of mobile hospitals. These mobile units will enable healthcare professionals to reach a broader population, including those residing in fishing camps, ensuring access to essential healthcare services. Additionally, the district needs to procure outreach tents for setting up temporary camps in outreach areas, facilitating the delivery of healthcare services to remote and underserved communities. By investing in mobile health infrastructure, the district aims to overcome barriers to healthcare access and improve health outcomes for all residents, irrespective of their location. Human Resource Development Strategy: To address the district's human resource needs in the health sector, a nursing school has been established to provide training for both in-service staff and new trainees, aiming to strengthen capacity building among healthcare professionals. However, a significant challenge faced by the nursing school is inadequate infrastructure. Currently, the school utilizes office spaces that were originally hostels for new staff and are owned by the hospital. The classrooms used by students are housed in structures owned by the Drug Enforcement Commission (DEC). To overcome these challenges and ensure effective human resource development in the health sector, it is important to continue identifying areas requiring capacity building for all healthcare staff. By addressing infrastructure deficiencies and implementing targeted training programs, the district can enhance the skills and knowledge base of its healthcare workforce, ultimately improving the quality and accessibility of healthcare services for the community.

3.4.5. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance The health sector's overall performance indicators for 2022 have been commendable, meeting or exceeding targets in various key areas. Notably, the district successfully conducted polio vaccination campaigns, achieving 100% coverage in alignment with national targets. Similarly, efforts to administer Covid-19 vaccinations were robust, with routine vaccinations in health facilities and two rounds of vaccination campaigns in March and October, resulting in 81% coverage of the fully immunized eligible population, surpassing the national target of 70%. 47 | P a g e 48 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Furthermore, the district achieved a 100% success rate in TB treatment, aligning with the national target of 90%. Despite ongoing efforts to reduce maternal mortality, the district recorded minimal maternal deaths, with only one recorded in 2022, following two in 2021. However, challenges were encountered in child health immunization, with the district recording 77.5% coverage of fully immunized children, falling short of the national target of 95%, partly due to stock outs of Rota vaccines. On the HIV cascade front, the district excelled, surpassing the 95/95/95 parameters by recording above 95% in people testing for HIV, initiating HIV clients on treatment, and suppressing viral loads. These achievements underscore the district's commitment to improving health outcomes and highlight areas for continued focus and improvement in the coming years. The health sector has made efforts to address human resource shortages by deploying 22 new-trained staff and 4 general workers in response to the National recruitment of 11,300 health workers. While this has helped improve personnel levels in health facilities, significant challenges persist. Particularly concerning is the high Doctor/Midwives Patient Ratio in the district. Currently, there are only 3 medical doctors serving a population of 72,655, resulting in a ratio of 1 to 24,218, significantly higher than the national standard of 1 to 12,000. Similarly, the district has 13 midwives to serve 32,381 clients, far below the recommended ratio of 1 to 2. To address these staffing shortages, the district health sector will continue advocating for the deployment of more doctors and midwives to ensure adequate healthcare provision for the community. By lobbying for additional personnel, the sector aims to improve healthcare access and quality, ultimately enhancing health outcomes for residents across the district.

3.4.6. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process Availability of Service The district faces challenges due to its vast geographical size, with some communities residing more than five kilometres away from the nearest health facilities, which contradicts government objectives of ensuring healthcare within a five-kilometre radius. For instance, communities in Nangombe ward experience difficulties accessing basic health services due to the absence of a health facility within the ward. Currently, only two health facilities, Lumbe and Walawala health posts, serve Nangombe ward. To address this issue, the district requires a referral hospital on the east bank to handle referrals from health centres and health posts in that area, ensuring timely access to higher-level healthcare services for residents in remote regions. This initiative aligns with the goal of improving healthcare accessibility and reducing disparities across the district. Arising from the findings, the following are the identified problems and community submissions from all the wards

3.4.7. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance The district has initiated the implementation of community scorecards across most health facilities to evaluate their performance in delivering quality services. Through this participatory process, it has become evident that the provision of health services in the district falls short of meeting the 48 | P a g e 49 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 communities' needs. The quality of healthcare services provided is only moderately satisfactory, influenced by various factors. These include a shortage of health workers, leading to prolonged waiting times for clients, as well as insufficient medical equipment in many health facilities, resulting in the need to refer samples outside the district or province for testing. In addition, inconsistent supplies of medicines and medical supplies, such as testing reagents, and inadequate bedding exacerbate the challenges.

3.4.8. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities. As of 2022, the district's population stood at 72,654 (ZAMSTAT, 2022). The district has experienced a steady population growth rate of 4.3% per annum in recent years, driven by positive economic and social factors such as the fishing and timber industries. With anticipated continued economic and social development, this growth trend is expected to persist over the next decade, leading to an increased demand for health services across the district. To meet this growing demand, there will be a need for substantial and rapid investment in the health sector. This includes expanding existing facilities, building new ones, and ensuring that healthcare infrastructure keeps pace with the rising population. Additionally, investing in healthcare workforce development, medical supplies, and modern equipment will be crucial to maintaining and improving the quality of healthcare services. Proactive planning and investment will be essential to address the healthcare needs of a growing population and ensure the well-being of all residents. Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programmes Over the past seven years, the district has not established any new health facilities. However, there are currently three facilities under construction, expected to be operational by the end of 2023. This development will increase the total number of health facilities from twenty-one to twenty-four by 2024. As of 2022, the district comprised one first-level hospital, one mini hospital, nine health centres, and ten health posts. This trend is anticipated to continue, with the government, through local authorities, prioritizing the construction of health facilities across the district, primarily funded by the Constituency Development Fund (CDF). Proposed investments in the health sector include the construction of a mini hospital, district health offices, health posts, three health centres, and infrastructure for nursing and midwifery schools, as well as staff houses. Furthermore, plans involve constructing maternity annexes in ten health centres, improving water and sanitation facilities in all health facilities, and equipping major health facilities with modern medical equipment such as digital X-ray machines, CT scans, and full blood count machines. These initiatives aim to enhance healthcare access and quality, meeting the evolving healthcare needs of the district's population.

3.4.9. The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use While the provision of health services has minimal direct impact on land use, it significantly influences population growth and productivity. Areas with accessible health services tend to attract 49 | P a g e 50 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 more residents, leading to a circular pattern of population distribution around these facilities. This often results in the encroachment of reserved lands intended for future expansion of health facilities and other development projects in the same areas.

3.4.10. Environment and Climate Change Analysis The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change. The health sector in the district is significantly influenced by existing trends in the environment and climate change, with various implications for public health and healthcare delivery within the district. The impact of environmental changes and climate-related trends on the health sector in District is substantial and wide-ranging. Deforestation and altered rainfall patterns create breeding grounds for disease-carrying vectors, such as mosquitoes that transmit malaria and dengue fever. Reduced forest cover and stagnant water bodies increase the risk of disease transmission to the local population, necessitating robust vector control measures, enhanced surveillance systems, and effective treatment strategies by the health sector to combat these vector-borne diseases. Moreover, water scarcity, contamination, and inadequate sanitation facilities contribute to the prevalence of waterborne diseases like diarrhoea and cholera. Limited access to safe drinking water poses significant health risks, especially for vulnerable populations. The health sector must prioritize access to clean water sources, promote hygiene education, and improve sanitation infrastructure to reduce the burden of waterborne diseases and enhance community health. Environmental factors, including air pollution from biomass burning, industrial activities, and household energy use, adversely affect respiratory health in. Prolonged exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants increases the risk of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia, particularly among women and children. Additionally, environmental changes and climate-related stressors, including extreme weather events and food insecurity, impact the mental health and well-being of individuals in in number of ways. Exposure to natural disasters and social disruption contributes to psychological distress, anxiety, and depression among the population. The health sector must integrate mental health services into primary healthcare settings, provide psychosocial support, and implement community-based interventions to address the mental health needs of individuals affected by environmental and climate-related stressors.

3.4.11. Issues arising from the Public Participation Process The participation process mainly brought out the need for Health Facilities to have maternity annexes and mothers’ shelters to reduce home deliveries and infant mortality as well as for improved water supply and sanitation services. The existing 21 Health facilities are not adequate to service the district population. Communities also felt the need to upgrade the District Hospital to a second level hospital to carter for the growing population and reduce or end referrals to Livingstone Teaching and Lewanika General Hospital in Livingstone and Mongu respectively. 50 | P a g e 51 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.4.12. Issues arising relating to gender groups and vulnerable groups Women and vulnerable groups identified challenges relating to early marriages, teenage pregnancies and violence against women. The discussion also revealed that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is higher for women than that of men, because of women’s limited decision-making power on their sexuality and health. The top priority project for women was the construction of maternity and mothers’ shelters, which were inadequate in the district.

3.4.13. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing to the Issues Identified The primary cause of the issues identified in the health sector is inadequate funding. A healthy population is a productive population, and the lack of sufficient financial resources has led to insufficient infrastructure, reducing community access to healthcare services.

3.4.14. Summary Although the 21 health facilities were not able to meet demand, the sector serves within available resources. With the population projected to grow, all issues highlighted will serve as a guide to serve the local communities better. The close monitoring through further splitting of the catchment areas into zones will see the district health office ensure effective service delivery. The district is at the bare minimum able to meet most of the population living within the 5km radius of the existing health facilities.

3.4.15. Summary of core issues 1. Inadequate staff houses and auxiliary infrastructure at heath catchment level 2. Inadequate facility beds and linen 3. Long distance to health facilities 5. Lack of a mortuary at Katima Mulilo mini hospital 7. Long distance to the district hospital 8. Lack of a district health office 9. Lack of a district pharmacy 51 | P a g e 52 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.5 Education and Skills Development Sector Overview The Ministry of Education in Zambia is entrusted with the mandate to deliver accessible, inclusive, and quality education, encompassing early childhood, primary, secondary, teacher training, and university education. Aligned with the national Vision 2030 and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), the ministry strives to achieve universal access to education, ensuring equitable learning opportunities for all. At the district level, the District Education Board Office plays a crucial role in enforcing standards and regulations, ensuring compliance and quality in the education sector. The Ministry derives its portfolio functions from the Government gazette Notice No.1123 of 2021. Programmes offered in the ministry include the following; i. Early childhood education ii. Primary education iii. Secondary education iv. Youth and Adult literacy Education v. Alternative modes of Education Provision vi. Vocational Education vii. Tertiary

3.5.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level Education for all policy: Achieving universal access to education as espoused by the vision 2030 and the SDG No.4 is a government policy on education. The 8NDP outlines government plan to improve education and skills development. To achieve this, Government will focus on expanding access and improving quality of early childhood, primary and secondary education as well as technical education, vocational and entrepreneurship training and higher education.

3.5.2. Key priorities of the 8th National Development Plan To realize Vision 2030 and SDG 4, which aim to achieve universal access to education, the Government of the Republic of Zambia has established national priorities through the National Development Plans. The current National Development Plan (8NDP) outlines the Ministry of Education's strategy to ensure equitable and inclusive quality education for all learners, preparing them for higher education. This will be achieved through recruitment and placement of more teachers in needy areas, provision of free education from early childhood to secondary school and provision of bursaries, a decentralised approach through CDF. Additionally, establishment and construction of more Early Childhood Education (ECE) centres, secondary schools and other school infrastructure, including completion of incomplete classroom structures, and accommodation for teachers, especially 52 | P a g e 53 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 in rural areas, will be undertaken. The CDF has been very instrumental in the construction of classrooms and procurement of desks. The delivery of education using ICT platforms will also be promoted. To ensure that schools are adequately equipped to deliver quality and relevant education, focus will be on enhancing the supply of educational requisites, including procurement of school desks and learning materials. Furthermore, the increased school grant has helped enhance the provision of school requisites and learning materials3.

3.5.3. Description of the Existing State of Development Availability of Service The district currently has a total of 70 GRZ and 9 private schools with 70% of the schools located in the rural areas and 30% urban. The district has only (1) trade school located in Katima ward. However, the district has no college of education and grant aided institution. The table below gives a summary of learning institutions in the district. Table: Number of learning institutions according to levels and running agency S/N GRZ Grand-Aided Community Private Total ECE 42 - 15 9 66 Primary 47 - 15 9 71 Literacy 0 - - - - centres Secondary 8 - 0 1 9 Colleges 0 - - 0 0 3 8NDP 53 | P a g e 54 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 14: Location Map of School Infrastructure i the district Staffing levels The district has historically faced challenges with inadequate teaching staff, but the 2022 teacher recruitment initiative has made significant strides in addressing this issue. The government's efforts resulted in the recruitment and deployment of 158 teachers, substantially increasing staffing levels in schools. However, considering the steady growth in enrolments, ongoing teacher recruitment is crucial to maintain adequate staffing levels and ensure quality education. The table below provides a summary of the current staffing levels: LEVEL Male Female ECE 15 40 Primary 139 179 Secondary 140 150 SPECIAL UNITS 0 6 GRAND TOTAL 294 375 54 | P a g e 55 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 By continuing to prioritize teacher recruitment, the district can however maintain optimal teacher to pupil ratios, ensure comprehensive coverage of curriculum subjects and provide learners with the support and guidance they need to succeed thereby providing quality education. Ongoing recruitment efforts will be vital in addressing the evolving educational needs of the district's growing population. Enrolment levels from 2020 to 2022 Table 6: Showing enrolment from Early Childhood Education to secondary from 2020 to 2022 Enrolment 2020 Enrolment 2021 Enrolment 2022 Category Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Secondary 1812 1724 3536 896 963 1859 2314 3187 5501 Primary 6671 6827 13,488 7587 7848 15,435 8075 8193 16,268 ECE 448 528 976 448 528 976 978 982 1960 Total 8,931 9,079 18,000 8,931 9,339 18,272 11,367 12,362 23,729 The district is experiencing a rise in demand for education services, driven by a growing population and the introduction of the 'free education' or 'Education for all' policy. This policy has led to a significant increase in enrolment levels, as previously out-of-school children are now enrolling in schools. The demand is expected to continue growing annually, particularly in urban schools, which are already experiencing high enrolment rates. Notably, while over 70% of the district's schools are located in rural areas, the few schools in urban areas are shouldering a disproportionate burden of high enrolment numbers. This trend is expected to persist, underscoring the need for strategic planning to address the increasing demand for education services in the district. Adding to this challenge is the district's inadequate educational infrastructure, which is severely lacking across all wards. This includes inadequate classrooms leading to overcrowding and inadequate learning environments; inadequate toilet facilities, compromising learners’ health and hygiene and; inadequate staff housing. In response to these infrastructure deficits, some schools have resorted to establishing temporary structures, such as pole and mud classrooms and staff houses. However, these makeshift solutions are unsustainable and underscore the need for comprehensive infrastructure development to support the district's growing educational needs. 55 | P a g e 56 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The following table provides an overview of the current state of infrastructure development in the district: Schools Teachers’ Classrooms Toilets Available Water Facilities Available Houses Perm Temp Perm Temp Perm Temp Waterborne VIP Pit Piped Bore Hand River/ Desks Shortfall pump None Available hole 45 17 167 151 207 88 119 174 229 15 4 25 19 4,535 4,332 Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance The district education office still faces quite a number of challenges in its quest to provide inclusive and quality education in the district, these challenges include the following; x Inadequate classroom space; The district has a total of 207 classrooms against the expected 407 giving the deficit of 200.The classroom-pupil ratio stands at 1:70 in urban schools, this simply intel 70 learners occupying a classroom which is against the standard hence the quality of education offered is being compromised. This challenge has brought about high teacher-pupil ratio, because of limited classrooms; a teacher is made to teach 70 learners in one class especially in the urban schools. x High teacher-pupil ratio in urban schools,1:70, this high ratio makes it difficult for teachers to have good contact time with the learners hence compromising the quality of education being provided x Inadequate number of desks; currently the district has 4,535 desks against the expected 8,867 giving a shortfall of 4,332. The desk-pupil ratio stands at 1:4, implying that 4 learners are sharing 1 double seater desk. The learning environment is not conducive because learners are not comfortably seated. x Lack of science and computer laboratories in secondary schools, of the 8 secondary schools only one (boarding) has, this is posing a challenge on the quality of education offered and the promotion of Science, Technology and Mathematics studies in the district. x Long distance to schools, learners in rural schools are made to cover distances of not less than 10km to and from school, making it difficult for learners to concentrate during lessons because they tend to be too tired from the walking and others do not attend classes regularly. The long distances covered also put learners at risk of facing School Related Gender Based Violence (SRGBV). There is therefore need to construct a full boarding facility at Luampungu to take and weekly boarding facilities in rural schools like Lusu East and Ngweze. x Inadequate staff housing, the district only has 167 staff houses against 669 teachers, leaving a deficit is 502.This has resulted in teachers renting houses in nearby communities in the urban whilst teachers in the rural stay in temporal houses made of pole and mud. 56 | P a g e 57 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 x The district only has one full boarding school servicing the whole district and this has made the school to be overcrowded, there is need for another full boarding school to decongest boarding. x Lack of transport, the district relies on one vehicle, which belongs to a project, this makes it difficult therefore to implement planned activities especially monitoring of education standards in schools. x However, the pupil- textbook ratio is 1:2 in most of the schools and this is attributed to the increased school grants with an allocation of school requisites and curriculum and material development to procure teaching and learning materials. The table below highlights the National Standards in education Table 7: Showing the National Educational Standards vs Current District Situation S/n. Criteria Standard Current situation 1 Distance 5km to education facilities. 10km 2 Pupil/teacher ratio 1 teacher: 40 pupils 1:70 3 Classroom – Pupil ratio 1 classroom: 40 pupils 1:70 4 Desk – Pupil ratio 1 desk: 2 pupils (two-seater desks –Primary 1:4 (two-seater desk) level). 1 desk:1 pupil (single seater desk -Secondary level) 5 Book –Pupil ratio 1 book: 2 pupils 1:2

3.5.4. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process Availability of Service The public participation process has highlighted several critical issues affecting the district's education sector including: 1. Inadequate Infrastructure: 9 Insufficient permanent structures in schools across all wards 9 Some rural schools lack any permanent buildings, relying on temporary pole and mud structures 2. Inadequate Sanitation Facilities: 9 Lack of VIP or flushable toilets in some schools 3. Inadequate Staff Housing 4. Inadequate Teaching Staff 5. Lack of clean water These issues underscore the need for urgent attention and investment in the district's education infrastructure, sanitation facilities, staff housing, and teaching staff to ensure a conducive learning environment and improved academic outcomes. 57 | P a g e 58 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Quality of Service including Key Indicators of Performance During the public participation process, the community highlighted that the quality of education being provided is on average standard considering inadequate infrastructure in both rural and urban schools causing schools in the urban to be overcrowded. The overcrowding brings about high teacher to pupil ratio, one teacher is handling over 70 learners instead of the standard 40 learners. Inadequate number of desks making (4) learners sitting on one desk. The district only has one boarding school which is overcrowded hence the need to construct one full boarding and weekly boarding facilities in Luampungu, Lusu and Ngweze wards. Inadequate toilets in schools with most of the schools using pit latrines, over 100 learners using one latrine, this comprises their health. Communities further stated that, most schools in rural areas have few teachers and this is attributed to lack of proper motivation to teachers in the rural areas such as good housing and clean water, this makes it a challenge to retain teachers especially females.

3.5.5. Impact Of Changes Anticipated Over The Next Ten Years The district's population is expected to increase significantly, leading to a projected 70% rise in school enrolments by 2030. This growth will put pressure on existing infrastructure and human resources, necessitating: 1. Infrastructure Upgrades: 9 Constructing additional classrooms to accommodate growing enrolments 9 Upgrading existing schools, particularly in rural areas with inadequate infrastructure 9 Upgrading all 15 community schools to primary level with permanent classrooms 9 Constructing a new secondary school preferably a full boarding at Luampungu to serve 9 Luampungu, Nangombe, and part of Lusu ward 9 Upgrading Silolo primary school to alleviate congestion at Katima Day secondary school 2. Teacher Recruitment and Deployment: 9 Recruiting and deploying additional teachers to the 15 upgraded community schools and secondary schools 3. Improved Learning Environment: 9 Enhance the quality of learning environments in all schools, including: 9 Access to reliable electricity 9 Clean water facilities 9 Sanitation facilities 4. Increased Funding Allocation to Schools: 9 Increase financial resources allocated to schools to support: 9 Infrastructure development 9 Teacher training and capacity building 9 Learning materials and resources 58 | P a g e 59 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 5. Gender parity: The gender parity ratio stands at 1.09; the district has achieved gender parity. However, the gap is expected to widen due to continued efforts to achieve gender parity in education, considering the fact that most of the intervention if not all being implemented favour the girl child, the boy child is slowly remaining behind.

3.5.6. Existing and Proposed Investment And Development Programmes S/N Existing Proposed investment and development 1. 47 primary schools Upgrade 15 community schools to primary 2. 8 Secondary schools Upgrade 2 primary to secondary 3. 6 Laboratories Construct 18 science and computer labs in 8 secondary schools 4 8 of the 70 schools are connected Connect 62 schools to the National Grid to the National Grid 5. 44 Schools have water (piped Provide water to 19 schools without water and using wells or and others borehole) the river 6. 207 Classrooms Construct 200 classrooms 7. 293 Toilets Construct 120 Toilets 8. 669 Teachers Recruit and deploy 300 teachers 9. 167 Staff houses Construct 18 staff houses Table 8: Showing Existing and Proposed Investments

3.5.7. The Impact of the Continuation Of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population While land use and population patterns have a relatively minimal direct impact on education provision, there is a significant indirect consequence and this is encroachment on School land. This results in the reduction of available space for school expansion and development. Considering the inadequate infrastructure in schools and the growing population which puts pressure on the existing infrastructure, encroachment of school land will lead to schools not having land to support infrastructure development such as construction of more classrooms, science and computer laboratories as well as staff houses.

3.5.8. Environment and Climate Change Analysis The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector The negative impacts of climate change are being experienced in the district just like other places in the country in such a way that school infrastructure such as classrooms and staff houses are being blown off. Once experienced, it affects the teaching and learning in schools in that learners have to share the limited classrooms as they await rehabilitations. However, CDF has being instrumental in this area as they always come through to help with the renovations.

3.5.9. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups The gender parity ratio stands at 1.09, the district has achieved gender parity. However, the continued efforts to achieve gender parity in education focusing on the girl child have brought about many concerns that have seen communities advocating for the support of a boy child who is slowly remaining behind. 59 | P a g e 60 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.5.10. Summary The government through the ministry aims to achieve universal access to education by 2030, as outlined in the 8th National Development Plan (8NDP). Government is focussing on expanding access and improving quality of early childhood, primary and secondary education as well as technical education, vocational and entrepreneurship training and higher education. However, to improve the quality of education offered, there is need to invest in infrastructure development in schools, recruit and deploy more teachers. The Ministry is currently partnering with the following organizations to improve quality education provision: Lets Read to succeed, UNICEF, ZEEP, Action Aid, VVOB and CAMFED.

3.5.11. Consideration of The Underlying Factors Contributing to the issues Identified The primary cause of the identified issues is inadequate infrastructure in schools, addressing this issue will help alleviate the identified issues and improve the overall educational environment hence improving the quality of education provision in the district.

3.5.12. Summary of Core Problems x Inadequate staffing levels across facilities x Inadequate boarding facilities in secondary schools x Inadequate classrooms x Inadequate desks x Inadequate toilets in schools x Inadequate staff housing x Lack of transport, the district relies on one vehicle which belongs to a project x Inadequate access to hydro power- electricity by schools x Lack of water in some schools 60 | P a g e 61 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.6 Water Resources Development, Supply and Sanitation Overview The overall objective of the sector is to ensure sustainable and equitable access to safe water supply and adequate sanitation to meet basic needs for improved health and poverty alleviation for all in the district in line with the National Vision 2030 and the 8NDP.”

3.6.1. Key Government Priorities to be implemented at Local level The sector has guiding policies and programs that determine the service delivery. These include National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program, National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Program as well as National Water Policy etc. The central focus and priorities of these programs and policies include: 9 Developing and implementing strategies to increase and improve water supply infrastructure in the district. 9 Developing and implementing strategies to achieve appropriate household sanitation to eradicate all forms of open defecation on a sustainable basis. 9 Groundwater exploration in the District 9 Aquifer mapping – Production of hydrogeology maps for Land use decision making in the District. 9 Dam and reservoir surveys, Dam inventory, design, maintenance and construction. 9 Building climate resilience water resources interventions with the participation of the communities of the District 9 Environmental Sustainability in the maintenance and rehabilitation of groundwater recharge areas in the District. 9 Promote public-private partnerships with NGOs, FBOs, etc. The following are the sectoral policies and strategies that govern service provision: 1. National Water Policy 2. Eightieth National Development Plan (8NDP) 3. National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (NRWSSP) 4. Zambia Water Investment Programme

3.6.2. Description of Existing State of Development The section below gives description on the existing state of development in the district. Availability of Service Provision The service provision under water and sanitation sector in the district is the amount of water quality supply for consumption and the water supply coverage. The outline below provides the presentation of sector service provision for both urban and rural parts of the district. The Sector, with the support 61 | P a g e 62 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 from Government and cooperating partners, has been spearheading both urban and rural water supply and sanitation service provision. The sector is composed of three key specific thematic areas, which include: x Urban water supply and sanitation, x Rural water supply and sanitation; and x Water resources development and management Urban Water Supply The Western Water and Sanitation Company facilitate urban water supply and sanitation. Its services are mainly concentrated in the Central Business District (CBD), that is, Mulimambango, Nakatindi and Katima Mulilo wards. A total of 2701 households are directly connected to the water reticulation networks representing 22.3% coverage of the population (Households). The serviced areas are fast growing beyond current capacity of the existing infrastructure. This has resulted in a reasonable gap between demand and supply of these services. Rural water supply Settlements in the outskirts of the Central Business District rely on boreholes equipped with hand pumps as the main source of water with a few relying on the streams along the Njoko, Luampungu, Lumbe, and the Zambezi rivers. The local authority through the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS) Section have had the responsibility to oversee and coordinate water supply and sanitation to rural communities. A total of 333 water supply infrastructure exist in the district mainly being boreholes equipped with hand pumps, 21 of these are equipped with solar powered submersible pumps in some Health Facilities and communities. The current District average coverage is at 61%. Given the borehole population standards (MLGRD) of 1 to 250 people, the functional boreholes given equal distribution can serve a total population of 83, 250, way beyond total district population of 72, 655 (ZAMSTATS, 2022). Unfortunately, due to settlement pattern, the current installed water supply covers about 49, 350 resulting to inadequate water points in communities. Rural water supply coverage is still mainly limited to areas near main socio-economic activities, such as schools, health posts and easy to reach places. Other communities still have challenges in accessing safe and clean drinking water due to accessibility challenges. Additionally, some of the already established water points have become non-functional over time. This has forced people to resort to fetching water from unprotected sources of water, such as streams and shallow wells. Below is a table showing the borehole distribution in the district. 62 | P a g e 63 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 S/n Name of Ward Ideal No. Actual Shortfall Exp No of Current no Current no Shortf no. Of Of APMs No. Of APMs protected of of non water points APMs Water functional functional sources water water sources sources 1 Kalobolelwa 5 3 2 75 37 12 38 2 Silumbu 4 2 2 67 28 9 39 3 Nakatindi 6 3 3 99 36 8 63 4 Mulimambango 6 3 3 110 42 6 68 5 Maondo 6 3 3 85 41 5 44 6 Nangombe 4 2 2 60 19 4 41 7 Katima mulilo 6 3 3 80 26 5 54 8 Luampungu 4 2 2 66 24 4 42 9 Imusho 4 1 3 63 28 4 35 10 Lusu 4 2 2 75 31 5 44 Table 9 showing the borehole distribution in the district Figure 15: Showing locations of water points in the district 63 | P a g e 64 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Urban and Rural Sanitation Poor sanitation coupled with inadequate hygiene knowledge and practices can lead to diseases such as trachoma and other related diseases. Most households use on-site sanitation, septic tanks and soakaways in the township, VIP latrines and traditional pit latrines in the outskirts. Quality of Service Provision The quality-of-service provision in the water and sanitation sector in relation to water supply and sanitation is below the national average (64 percent). This is with reference to the performance indicators in the areas of concern, which shows that approximately 61 percent of households have access to water supply and 31.1 percent access sanitation coverage. (WASH Baseline report 2017). The water service delivery in the district is challenged with saline geological formations especially in the Katongo and Maondo zone. In most cases boreholes drilled yield saline water which limits the water use and forces communities to go back to shallow wells for fresh water. Generally, water supply service is inadequate in the district signifying that a good number of people access water from shallow wells, streams and rivers.

3.6.3. Issues arising from Public Participation Process Availability of Service The major issue arising from the public participation process is that; the district has uneven distribution of water points. This created a situation where wards, which are easily accessible, have more water points leaving the hard-to-reach wards with inadequate water points. It should be noted however, that water supply services are demand driven by the community through the upfront contributions toward establishing new water supply infrastructure Summary of issues and their remedies: Table 10: Showing Issues and their suggested remedies Issue Action Needed Place/Location Inadequate access to clean Drilling of more boreholes. All wards in the and safe drinking water in District, particularly the far District flung Upgrade existing water All areas with good and points by installing suitable water points in the submersible pumps and district piped water networks Extend the current water CBD, Nakatindi and Katima system network to meet the Mulilo demand Lack of/ low Ownership of Continuous capacity All the communities water resources infrastructure building at community level at community level and traditional leaders 64 | P a g e 65 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Lack of well-trained artisans Capacity building All the wards to prepare the upgraded water infrastructure Social Conflict at community Engagement of traditional All the communities with respect to water leaders/communities resources infrastructure Lack of proper sanitation Continue community All the communities engagement and sensitization through CLTS and other approaches

3.6.4. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance Arising from the key issues highlighted from the public participation in the service delivery process. The water supply and sanitation service delivery has lagged behind over the years despite the significant efforts being employed. Furthermore, Poor/ or Lack of proper operation and maintenance mechanisms of water supply and Sanitation infrastructure at local communities significantly contribute to compromise in the service delivery. Some of these poor mechanisms include failure to mobilize user fees towards maintenance of existing water supply infrastructure by respective communities.

3.6.5. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Sesheke district. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services It is true that in every society, population increase is eminent, and the district will experience population change and the change will increase demand for more water point facilities all across the district expanding the current inadequate coverage gap. Therefore, the population increase will demand for continuous and increased investment for both construction and rehabilitation of water supply infrastructure. Specifically, the population change will impact the sector in the following areas; i. Consumption: With more people, there is a greater need for water for drinking, sanitation, cooking, and other household uses. This puts pressure on existing water supply system. ii. Agriculture: A growing population translates to a demand for more food, which requires more water for crop production irrigation, and drinking water for animal production. iii. Industry: Industrial activities also consume a significant amount of water. As populations and economies grow, industrial water demand will likely increase. 65 | P a g e 66 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Population WASH Access: S/n Ward Population % access - Water % access – Sanitation 1 Mulimambango 14,164 62 42 2 Nakatindi 15,746 64.1 46 3 Katima Mulilo 12,060 47 23 4 Kalobolelwa 6,671 42 32 5 Maondo 5,612 53 44 6 Lusu 4,899 55 22 7 Luampungu 3819 41 17 8 Silumbu 31,09 40 21 9 Nangombe 3667 37 19 10 Imusho 2916 39 69 Table 11: Showing access levels to WASH services

3.6.6. Existing and Proposed Water Resources Development Projects In an effort to match population increase in the district, the sector has proposed to continue establishing new boreholes as well as rehabilitation of existing ones. Existing and proposed investment and development programs for water resources are as shown in the table below: Existing development Proposed investment development programmes and programmes and infrastructure infrastructure of water resources District has a total 333 x Construction of new 468 boreholes, particularly in far boreholes flung, or hard to reach areas. x Rehabilitation of 200 existing boreholes. x Construction of 3 Dams/ along, along the Njoko, Lumbe and Walawala rivers. x Construction of 5 Weirs around Walawala and Njoko streams 66 | P a g e 67 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 x Construction of 6 Reservoirs around Ngweze, Kapau, Imusho and Makanda and 4 well field survey programmes. x Construction of water reservoirs in Makanda, Ngweze and Kapau areas to supply water all year round for both crop and animal (Domestic and Wild) production. District Strategic Construction of 10 Passive Rainwater Harvesting Sites institutions in the district. District Water, Sanitation Enhance structure coordination and continuous and Hygiene Education (D- capacity building. WASHE) committee. Community led total x Continue and redesign/repackage the implementation sanitation (CLTS). of CLTS approach. x Strengthening community participation in sustainable land, forest and water management programmes. Lack of hydrogeological Introduction of aquifer Mapping programmes in the maps district for water resource research and sustainable land use planning purposes. Lack of water borne Investment in water borne facilitates facilitates Table 12: Existing and proposed investment and development programs for water resources

3.6.7. Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Given the continuation of the existing trend in the sector development, the district will continue to record growth in agricultural and livestock activities along the established water sources. This entails that, population distribution will continue in the same pattern and demand of services will continue to increase. The following are some of the potential consequences: Land Use Changes: Desertification: In areas experiencing water scarcity due to overuse, rising temperatures, or both, fertile land could turn into deserts. This will reduce the amount of land suitable for agriculture, and may result in the displacement of populations. Intensification of Agriculture: To maintain food production with limited water resources, farmers might resort to intensive agricultural practices. This could involve increased use of fertilizers and pesticides, potentially leading to soil degradation and water pollution. Population Distribution Shifts: Water scarcity can exacerbate existing tensions and even lead to conflict between communities competing for limited water resources in the District. Potential Impacts by Region: Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: district especially on the Zambezi west bank is already vulnerable to water scarcity and is likely to experience the most severe consequences 67 | P a g e 68 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 of continued water resource trends. Which may leave certain areas of the district bare and dry like a desert.

3.6.8. Environment and Climate Change Analysis The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change Given the continuation of the existing poor sanitation trend, the district will record high levels of environmental pollution. This will in turn contaminate the soil, ground and source water and ultimately compromise the human and animal life. Existing trends, if left unchecked, have a significant negative impact on the environment and contribute to climate change. The following are some of the key trends and their consequences: Environmental Trends Affecting Water: x Deforestation: x Land Degradation: x Pollution: Climate Change's Impact on Water: x Rising Temperatures: x Altered Precipitation Patterns: Finally, acknowledging the interconnectedness of these trends and taking a holistic approach, work must be towards a future where water resources are managed sustainably and climate change is mitigated. This will ensure food security and ownership of water resources for future utilization.

3.6.9. Gender and Vulnerable Groups Gender takes center stage in the sector as the sector classify it as one of the three cross cutting issues along HIV and AIDS as well as environmental managements and sustainability. In this vein, the sector promotes 50% gender participation at every service delivery channel to ensure inclusive decision- making. Furthermore, people living with HIV & AIDS are deemed priority as such status demand for increased water supply and enhanced sanitation services. It is in the policy of the sector that design of water supply and sanitation infrastructures are inclusive taking into account as well people living with disability.

3.6.10. Summary of Key Issues There is need to promote climate change adaptation methods in line with sustainable utilization of both the groundwater and surface-water in the district. This will cut across all the economic issues such as agricultural drought reduction, poverty reduction, and gender inclusion in self-development, and public community ownership of projects in the district.

3.6.11. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The challenges faced by gender groups and vulnerable populations in water resource management stem from a complex interplay of underlying factors. Below are some of the factors contributing identified issues: 68 | P a g e 69 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Gender Roles: Traditional gender roles often assign water collection to women, limiting their opportunities and perpetuating inequality. Lack of Awareness: Limited awareness about gender equality and the rights of marginalized groups can hinder progress in inclusive water management. Poverty: Poverty restricts access to improved water sources, sanitation facilities, and water-efficient technologies, disproportionately impacting vulnerable groups. Limited Participation: Exclusion of women and marginalized communities from decision-making processes in water management overlooks their knowledge and perpetuates existing inequalities.

3.6.12. Summary – Core Problems in the Water Sector Some of the reasons why there is inadequate water resources development, supply and sanitation in the district include: x High iron content leading to corrosion of water facilities. x Presence of saline hydrogeological formations x Lack of water Equipment, and transportation for aquifer mapping, wetland inventory, and reservoir and Dam site surveys x Lack of infrastructure for Offices, and Soil and Water Lab. x Lack of knowledge on the district’s groundwater resources for sustainable utilization (Lack of water integrated database management) x Inadequate capacity among community members to sustain water supply infrastructure. x Lack of access to clean and safe drinking water 69 | P a g e 70 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.7 Forestry and Environment Sector Overview The forest sector, under Zambia’s vision of attaining a prosperous middle-income status by 2030, emphasizes development anchored on sustainable environmental, ecosystem, and natural resource management principles4. This implies achieving socio-economic development that meets the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs, aligning with the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development5. The Forest Act No. 4 of 2015 and the National Forestry Policy of 2014 regulate Forest management. Currently, Zambia faces challenges such as unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, evidenced by deforestation, forest degradation, land encroachment in protected areas, and loss of biodiversity due to unsustainable production and consumption patterns6. Human settlement expansion is also a factor. Forest reserves serve both protective and productive roles. They are critical recharge zones for underground water aquifers and encompass water catchment areas, which are sources of rivers and streams crucial for water supply and hydroelectric power generation 7. Forests also play a role in preventing floods and droughts. Additionally, they are habitats for diverse plant and animal species, promoting biodiversity conservation. Forest products include non-timber forest products and wood products, harvested for various uses such as food, medicine, and timber. These resources are essential for local communities near forested areas. The government seeks to promote the stewardship of forests and forest lands, maintaining their biodiversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, and potential to fulfill ecological, economic, and social functions without damaging other ecosystems8. This is being pursued through initiatives like the formation of Community Forest Management Groups (CFMGs)9. The forestry sector in the IDP area aims to ensure the sustainable flow of wood and non-wood forest products and services while protecting biodiversity for future generations. The sector follows key government policies, plans, and strategies, as outlined below. 4 Government of Zambia. (2022). 8th National Development Plan. Lusaka: Government of Zambia. 5 Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. (2014). National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Printer. 6 IPCC. (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. 7 Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. (2014). National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Printer. 8 Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. (2014). National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Pri 9 Government of Zambia. (2015). Forest Act No. 4 of 2015. Lusaka: Government Printer. 70 | P a g e 71 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Table: Policies, Plans, and Strategies Being Implemented in the Forestry Sector. Table 13:: Showing Policies, Plans and Strategies being implemented in the Forestry Sector POLICIES, PLANS SECTOR VISION KEY ELEMENTS AND STRATEGIES Sustainable Goal: enhances socio- 1. Reduce emission through forest Development Goals economic growth through deforestation and forest degradation (SDGs) sustainable forest 2030 management and utilization 2. Enhance natural regeneration and forest resources by 2030 re-vegetation through assistance natural regeneration and tree planting 2030 Conservation and Enhances sustainable 1. Participatory approaches to local management of management of forest in forest management in protected and forest natural protected areas (forest open through community forest resources reserves,) open areas management group and private customary lands and critical forest management. upper watershed and water bodies. Vision 2030 To have enhanced social- 1. To reduce emission for economic growth through deforestation and forest degradation sustainable management and 2. sustainable environment and utilization of the forest natural resource management by resources by 2030 2030 3. competitive national economy that is dynamic, resilient to external shocks by 2030 4. stability and protection of the biological by 2030 5. sustainable environment and natural resources conservation by 2030 8th National 1. Enhance natural 1. Sustainable land and forest resources management Development Plan management 71 | P a g e 72 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 2. Reduce emission of 2. Community based natural resources forest deforestation management forest degradation 3. Natural resource valuation and accounting National Forest Attain sustainable forest 1. Reduce emission forest Policy of 2014 management all types of deforestation and forest degradation forest enhance forest and increasing the total natural product and service, forest cover contributing to mitigation of x Enhance afforestation, climate change and reforestation, and land under protection maintenance of plantation. biodiversity x Enhance income generation and job creation in related forest activities

3.7.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented at Local Level The forestry sector holds immense potential to contribute to the economy of Sesheke District, particularly in job creation and alternative income generation10. Current key initiatives include establishing Community Forest Management Groups (CFMGs) to manage 400,000 hectares of forest, generating employment through REDD+ initiatives, and promoting public-private partnerships for investment in forestry11. Additionally, supporting value addition to wood and non-wood products, afforestation, and the promotion of energy-efficient cooking devices to reduce emissions are priorities for the sector12.

3.7.2. Description of the Existing State Of Development Sesheke District features extensive forests, with 10 national forests covering 59,553 hectares. These forests provide timber, pastures, wild fruits, medicinal herbs, and wildlife habitats. The district is known for valuable hardwoods like Mukusi, Mukwa, and Rosewood, earning it the title "The Home of Timber." Timber products are primarily sold to urban areas, while local communities depend on wood and non-wood forest products for livelihoods13. In 2010, the district had 36.8kha of tree cover, covering over 1.3% of its land area. However, by 2023, Sesheke lost 625 hectares of tree cover, resulting in approximately 195,000 tons of CO₂ emissions, 10 Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Printer; 2014. 11 Government of Zambia. Forest Act No. 4 of 2015. Lusaka: Government Printer; 2015 12 Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Printer; 2014 13 Sesheke District forest Reports, 2023 72 | P a g e 73 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 primarily due to population growth and international timber demand. Escalating temperatures also pose threats, including wildfires, plant diseases, and reduced flowering due to drought14. Table 14: Showing Forest Reserves in the IDP Area FOREST S/N No NAME OF FOREST RESERVE HECTORAGE 1 P.194 Monze National Forest 6, 083 2 P.194 Kasiki National Forest 5, 540 3 P.194 Malavwe National Forest 5, 681 4 P.194 Simungoma west National Forest 8, 540 5 P.255 Chiobe National Forest 986 6 P.256 Lusu National Forest 1, 680 7 P.257 Kasenu National Forest 1, 166 8 P.258 Nanduka National Forest 1, 018 9 P.381 Shokosha National Forest 3, 859 10 P.266 Sioma- Ngwezi ( part of ) 25, 000 14 IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2021. 73 | P a g e 74 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 16: Showing the Forest Reserves and CFM Areas in the IDP Area Availability of Service The sector manages seven Community Forest Areas that provide essential services to the community, covering three wards: Lusu, Nangombe, and Luampungu15. These areas offer various services such as timber production, herbal medicine, shelter, and collection of non-wood forest products such as caterpillars, mushrooms. They also provide regulatory, cultural and ecological services 16. x Education and Community Awareness: Environmental protection education and awareness services are available across all wards to promote sustainable forest management. x Meteorological Services: The district has one meteorological station that monitors weather patterns. Data collected locally is sent to the national forecasting center, which disseminates the information nationwide via radio and television. Quality of Services & Performance Indicators 15 Sesheke District 2rd quarter Report, 2024 16 Chidumayo, E.N., & Gumbo, D.J. The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa: Managing for Products and Services. London: Earthscan; 2010. 74 | P a g e 75 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The district faces a shortage of technical and technological services needed for sustainable environmental management. The staff-to-population ratio for raising awareness and providing education is low17. Efforts to restore biodiversity through afforestation are progressing slowly, with the district currently working to reclaim 2,000 hectares via natural forest restocking. The district lacks sufficient forest range guards to protect both customary and state lands from illegal activities. The sector supports communities in harvesting timber through forest concession areas. There are currently four concession holders, with the sector assisting in renewing their licenses. This system was previously sustainable for forest resource management18.

3.7.3. Issues from Community and Stakeholder Consultations Local stakeholders and community view forests as vital sources of income. However, the process for acquiring forest concession licenses is considered cumbersome, costly, and time-consuming. Additionally, there is a lack of extension services due to understaffing, leading to insufficient knowledge among communities on sustainable forest management practices such as tree planting and silvicultural techniques. Market linkages for forest products are weak, exacerbated by poor road infrastructure. Illegal timber harvesting and charcoal production are prevalent, contributing to high deforestation rates1920. Community consultations revealed that forest concession licenses are perceived as costly and time- consuming to acquire, while understaffing hampers extension services and sustainable forest management practices.

3.7.4. Impact of Anticipated Changes over the Next Decade With the district's population projected to grow to 75,655 by 2030, demand for land and natural resources is expected to rise. This will likely result in increased deforestation, biodiversity loss, and pressure on protected forest areas. However, the expansion of CFMGs could mitigate forest degradation.

3.7.5. Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities Rapid population growth poses a threat to natural resources. Increased demand for timber, energy, and agricultural land will intensify deforestation, placing further pressure on forests and forest resources.

3.7.6. Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programs Sesheke District manages 59,553 hectares of forestland through 10 national forest reserves. Investment in strengthening climate adaptation programs is a priority, with strategies focused on 17 Mwitwa, J., & Makano, R. Forestry Management and Conservation in Zambia. Lusaka: University of Zambia Press; 2019. 18 Sesheke Annual Report, 2023 19 Chidumayo, E.N. 2013, Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Zambia: Causes and Policy Implications.. 20 FAO. The State of the World’s Forests 2018: Forest Pathways to Sustainable Development. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2018. 75 | P a g e 76 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 forming CFMGs, promoting beekeeping as an alternative livelihood, enhancing forest resource conservation, and establishing timber industry facilities. Infrastructure investments, such as the construction of forest camps and processing/value addition facilities, are also proposed.

3.7.7. The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use Rapid population growth will likely result in the expansion of informal settlements, arable land and increased pressure on natural resources. The ongoing deforestation and demand for charcoal, firewood, and timber will degrade forest ecosystems.

3.7.8. Impact of Environment and Climate Change analysis Sesheke District is experiencing increased temperatures and more frequent extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts21. These climatic changes have a direct impact on agriculture, a primary source of livelihood for many residents. Prolonged droughts lead to crop failures and food insecurity, while floods can damage infrastructure and disrupt community activities. Rising temperatures, floods, droughts, and irregular rainfall patterns will lead to biodiversity loss, deforestation, and reduced forest productivity22. These changes will undermine the district’s food security and household incomes. Climate change intensifies these threats by altering habitats and food availability. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns disrupt ecological balances, leading to shifts in species distributions and the introduction of invasive species. These changes can further endanger native flora and fauna and reduce overall biodiversity. The District is also home to a diverse array of forest reserves, including Monze, Kasiki, and Malavwe National Forests. These forests are critical for local biodiversity, water supply, and climate regulation. Unfortunately, deforestation is a significant issue, driven primarily by agricultural expansion, timber harvesting, and population growth. Between 2010 and 2023, the district lost approximately 625 hectares of tree cover, contributing to increased CO₂ emissions and a decline in forest health. The loss of forests has led to several adverse effects. Forests in Sesheke serve as vital carbon sinks, absorbing CO₂ and mitigating climate change. Their degradation reduces this capacity, exacerbating global warming. Moreover, deforestation disrupts local water cycles, leading to reduced groundwater recharge and more erratic water availability23. This, in turn, affects both human populations and wildlife that rely on these water sources. The forest reserves in Sesheke support a variety of plant and animal species, including valuable hardwoods like Mukusi and Rosewood. The ongoing deforestation and degradation of these habitats have severe consequences for biodiversity. The loss of tree cover leads to habitat destruction, which threatens the survival of numerous species. 21 Meteorological Report, 2023 22 IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2021. 23 IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2021 76 | P a g e 77 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The rising demand for timber and energy, driven by population growth, exacerbates this issue. The increased pressure on forest resources leads to overexploitation, which further depletes the already dwindling supply. This not only affects the availability of forest products but also contributes to conflicts over resource access and management. The projected population growth in Sesheke District is expected to further intensify environmental and climate challenges. As the population grows, the demand for land, timber, and energy will increase, leading to further deforestation and environmental degradation. This growth also puts additional pressure on already strained resources and infrastructure.

3.7.9. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups Forest management impacts all sectors, but vulnerable groups; especially women and children, are disproportionately affected by climate change and deforestation24. The underrepresentation of women and vulnerable groups in forest management and decision-making processes limits their ability to influence policies and practices that affect their lives. Encouraging their participation can enhance the effectiveness of forest management and conservation efforts to address these challenges, it is crucial to implement gender-sensitive approaches in forest management. This includes: x Ensuring equal access to forest resources and services for women and vulnerable groups. x Promoting their involvement in decision-making processes related to forest management. x Providing targeted support and training to empower these groups and improve their livelihoods.

3.7.10. Summary of core issues x Increased rates of deforestation and forest degradation. x Lack of alternative livelihoods for communities. x Low value addition to forest products. x Inadequate infrastructure and extension services.

3.7.11. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing To the Issues Identified x Encroachment of forest reserves due to weak boundary management. x Lack of knowledge among local communities about the process of acquiring forest concession licenses. x Rising deforestation rates due to a lack of alternative livelihoods.

3.8 Social Protection Sector Overview The 8NDP’s focus in this sector is addressing the fragmented social protection legislation with a view to strengthen social protection services in the country. These reforms, coupled with strategies and programmes under human development strategic objective of the 8NDP will build on the country’s efforts to harness the demographic dividend. Backed with the international policies such as the SDG 1 that aims to end extreme poverty in all forms and SDG 2, which aims to end hunger, achieve food 24 Zulu, L.C. Gender, Climate Change, and Forest Management in Zambia. Lusaka: University of Zambia Press; 2021 77 | P a g e 78 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture, it is expected that the successful implementation of such policies will ensure that the poor, vulnerable and marginalized are not left behind.

3.8.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented at a Local Level At district level, the sector is responsible for implementing social economic empowerment of the poor and vulnerable but viable households with various social protection interventions to enhance their livelihoods for self-sustainability. This will be done through implementation of the various livelihoods and empowerments enhancing programmes in all the wards within the district. The main objective in this sector according to the 8NDP is to reduce poverty and inequality as well as vulnerability levels in the country especially for the rural communities. In order to achieve this, Interventions will be put in place that include decentralization of empowerment schemes to the community level in order to stimulate the local economy. The targeting and payment systems for the social cash transfer will also be strengthened. At district level, the sector will realize this objective by implementation of the following programs x Food Security Pack Programme (FSP) x Supporting Women’s Livelihoods (SWL). x Women Empowerment Programme x Social Cash Transfer which aims at reducing poverty, vulnerability and inequalities

3.8.2. Description of the Existing State of Development Availability of Service The sector is on target for most of the program except women empowerment. The FSP program was at one hundred (100%), the SWL was at ninety-five (98%), the Women Empowerment Programme was at eighty-five (45%) and Social Cash Transfers was implemented in all the 64 CWACs and all the wards in the district. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance Generally, the department’s performance is at eighty percent (80%) this is attributed to some programmes being funded. However, there is need to adequately fund some programmes at like women empowerment and self-help projects.

3.8.3. Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process Availability of Service The departmental services are provided in all the wards in the district. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance. The performance and status is as tabulated below. 78 | P a g e 79 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Table 15: Social services Quality of Services and Key Performance indicators S/No Programme Indicator Target Comment 1 Food Security Number of Households 1094 The district met the targets. Pack receiving farming There is demand for the inputs program there is needed to increase caseloads. 2 Supporting Number of Women . There is need to reintroduce Women’s receiving productivity the program after enrollment Livelihood grants of new beneficiaries on the SCT data base 3 Women Number of Women The district was below the Empowerment Clubs and Community targets. There is need for Programme Groups Formed and timely provision of funds receiving Training in and collaboration with the Life, Financial and local authority if the Business Skills department is to achieve the goals. 4 Social Cash number of beneficiaries 9416 The district met the targets Transfer receiving transfer on but due to high poverty and the programme vulnerability levels there is still demand of increasing the number of beneficiaries so that the aim of SCT is met Source: Community Development and Social Services Department Annual Report, 202 79 | P a g e 80 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.8.4. Impact of Changes anticipated Over the Next Ten Years Figure 17: Showing the changes in forest cover over the last 10 years

3.8.5. Issues from Public Participation Process Relating to the Quality of Services The public suggested that in order for the department to implement the programmes successfully there was need to recruit more Staff who would be placed or responsible for a particular ward. There was also need to construct houses for sub-centre officers. This would reduce the overwhelming load of one officer handling more than one ward and having to travel from the BOMA to attend to matter in distant wards. Incentives should be provided to volunteers such as bicycles, allowances, T- Shirts, Identifications Cards, Umbrella’s and Stipends for ease in their working relations with the communities. The public also felt that the number of beneficiaries on the Social programmes should increase and criteria not restricted. There was also need to establish skills centers community halls to enable beneficiaries get a skill especial in entrepreneurship. The public also felt that there was need of awareness raising on all the social protection programmes under the sector and related sectors. Key Priorities of the 8th National Development Plan Analysis by rural – urban residence indicates that poverty in rural areas remained higher at 76.6 percent compared to 23.4 percent in urban areas as of 2015. These persistently high poverty levels in rural areas were mostly attributed to inadequate nutrition, household’s inability to afford agricultural inputs, low wages or salaries and lack of capital to start or expand own business. 80 | P a g e 81 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The district priority in this sector will be as follows in relation to the 8NDP Improved Coordination of Social Protection Programmes At district level, in order to reduce poverty, vulnerability and inequalities, the sector will focus on improving coordination of social protection programmes. The district has managed to integrate (through establishment of a single database) of all social protection program through the Single Window initiative program. The sector will continue maintaining this database with an aim of having all beneficiaries of social protection under one umbrella to avoid double dipping. This in turn will expand the number of beneficiaries to be put on the programs while tracking those that are graduating. The objective is to leave no one behind and that resources are targeted to the intended purposes. Enhance welfare and livelihoods of poor and vulnerable people At district level, this will be implemented focusing efforts on enhancing welfare and livelihoods of poor and vulnerable people in order to reduce developmental inequalities. The district will continue implementing the Social Cash Transfer for vulnerable and extremely poor households to allow them acquire resources for a stable livelihood. The district will also assist communities’ access loans under Supporting Women’s Livelihoods (SWL) and Women Empowerment Programme by training and recommending the groups to the CDF youth and woman Empowerment loans. Furthermore, the district will also continue to implement the Food Security Pack (FSP), which aims at empowering the poor and vulnerable households with agricultural inputs, food preservation trainings, climate resilient farming techniques and livelihood skills to improve their productivity, nutrition, food security and incomes for self-sustainability and poverty reduction at household and community levels respectively.

3.8.6. Key Priorities of Sector Specific National Plans/Strategies Food Security Pack (FSP) The program aims at empowering the poor and vulnerable households with agricultural inputs and livelihood skills to improve their productivity, nutrition, food security and incomes for self- sustainability and poverty reduction. The beneficiaries receive the Pack for two consecutive years and they are weaned off. The program has been planned to be implemented across all the wards in the district covering 64 Community Welfare Assistant Committees (CWACs). The steps taken during implementation of the program include the following: Stakeholder Sensitization: involves conducting community sensitization meetings by the Community Development Assistants with support from the District Community Development Officers, Community Welfare Assistance Committees and village headperson. The purpose of these is to highlight the role of the Department in poverty alleviation programmes overview on the Food Security Pack program emphasizing on objectives of the programme, selection criteria, and composition of the pack, support period, recoveries and food security among others. Self-Registration: involves registration of beneficiaries from the community following all the key requirements as per guidelines based on the status of the household such as Female Headed Household, Disabled Headed Household, Child Headed Households, Household with more than 7 81 | P a g e 82 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 members, House with a child or children under 5 years of Age, Terminally ill headed Households, Aged households, Unemployed youths or household head aged between 15-35. Community Validation: This involves the announcement of the names registered to the community to ensure that all members registered are present and come from the same community. Lottery: It is the final selection process as it determines who fully qualifies for the FSP or not. The registration forms of members registered are folded and put in the bucket while a random member from the community is called to pick any of the folded forms, this is done to promote transparency and acts as a filter should the registered numbers be more than the number required. Supporting Women’s Livelihoods (SWL) The Supporting Women Livelihoods (SWL) project is a component of the Girls Education and Women Empowerment and Livelihoods (GEWEL) project. The program aims at increasing access to livelihood support for women in extremely poor households in selected CWACs. This program aims at empowering Women aged 19 to 64 years in the Social Cash Transfer (SCT) households with 1. Saving support- formation of village savings groups 2. Life skills, Sexual Reproductive Health- 10 days training for the selected beneficiaries 3. Financial Literacy and Business Skills- 10 days training for the selected beneficiaries 4. Productivity grants- one time grant paid to trained women 5. Mentoring and Peer support-follow ups on savings and businesses to check on lesson uptake. Women Empowerment Programme (WEP) The major objective is to promote the socio and economic emancipation of vulnerable but viable women. The programme aims at empowering Women Clubs and Community groups with Life Skills, Financial Literacy and Business Skills. The departments’ role is to mobilize, form, recommend for registration and monitor the group’s activities. The district target is one hundred twenty (100) Women Clubs to empower yearly through knowledge and skills and provision of grants and the number varies according to the availability of resources. Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCT) The Social Cash Transfer programme is a government of the Republic of Zambia program, which has been operating since 2003 and is implemented by the Ministry of Community Development and Social Services. The main objective of the program is to reduce extreme poverty and inter- generational transfer of poverty among beneficiary households. Results under the SCT Program show that individuals and households accessing SCTs have seen notable improvements in their lives. Including reduced hunger and better school attendance for the children. The district will maintain the same community and district structures it has been using who are the Community Welfare Assistance committees (CWACs) and the District Welfare Assistance Committee in the implementation. 82 | P a g e 83 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.9 Solid Waste Management Overview Pursuant to Solid Waste Management Act No 20 of 2018, Public Health Act CAP 295 Section 65 and Furthermore, the Local Government Act No. 2 of 2019 of the laws of Zambia, it is a mandate of the Local Authority to manage refuse removal, clear dumps and disposal of solid waste. The Town Council provides solid waste collection from residential houses, commercial places and markets at designated refuse bays. The district mainly generates urban waste, which includes plastics, bottles, metals, paper etc.

3.9.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level The Zambian government has a number of policies in place to promote solid waste management. These include: 1. Keep Zambia Clean, Green and Healthy campaign has been emphasized to be implemented in all Local Authorities for it is in line with Zambia’s Vision 2030. The Keep Zambia Clean, Green and Healthy focuses mainly on the following; x General cleanliness x Tree planting x Public Sensitization 2. The National Solid Waste Management Policy, which was adopted in 2010. This policy sets out the government's vision for solid waste management in Zambia, and outlines a number of key objectives, including: x To reduce the amount of solid waste generated in Zambia x To improve the collection and disposal of solid waste x To promote recycling and reuse of solid waste

3.9.2. Description of Existing State of Development The solid waste management situation in the district faces challenges related to inadequate waste collection and disposal systems, limited funding and resources, and poor public awareness and participation in waste management practices. Efforts are being put in place by the local authority to improve waste management in the district; these include the strict adoption of the keep Zambian Clean, Green, and Healthy Campaign and the provision of a waste collection vehicle by the local authority. However, more needs to be done to ensure sustainable waste management practices, including public education and engagement, investment and infrastructure and technology, and enforcement of waste management regulations. 83 | P a g e 84 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Availability of Service Sesheke district mainly generates urban waste that includes plastics, bottles, metals, paper etc. The District has one designated dumpsite owned by the local authority that is located in Simaweweh about 6km away from the town centre. The Local Authority undertakes weekly routine collection of waste mainly in markets and commercial places within the district, which is disposed of at the mentioned dumpsite. Other services available include provision of refuse bays (currently 2), installation of refuse bins in markets, construction of ablution blocks in markets and schools and yet to undertake general sensitization through various media on waste management and proper hygiene practices in partnership with the Ministry of Health. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance The quality of service is at 60% as most parameters such as transport to ferry waste, metal and plastic bins and human resource have become inadequate to efficiently manage solid waste generated in the district due population pressure. The indicators for performance are; timely collection of garbage, availability of wheel bins in all market places, availability of transport and adequate personnel to collect the waste.

3.9.3. Issues arising from the Public Participation Process Availability of Service Waste management challenges are not unique in the district but widespread across the province and the country. According to a report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), only 26% of waste generated in Zambia is collected and disposed of in a controlled manner, with the remaining either burned or dumped in open spaces. The report also states that there is a lack of adequate infrastructure and technology for waste management, limited public participation and awareness, weak enforcement of waste management regulations. At the provincial level, the situation is not much different. District faces similar waste management challenges such as inadequate funding and mainly low public participation. However, efforts are being made to improve waste management practices, including the establishment of waste collection systems, public education and awareness, and investment in semi-engineered dumpsites.

3.9.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years Population Change - Future Demand for Services and Facilities The district is currently overwhelmed with the waste generation due to inefficiency in waste management. With the projected increase in population, the district will continue to face challenges if the inadequacies are not addressed. The demand in municipal services of waste collection will increase, and in order to ensure efficiency the provision of this service, there is need to; change mindsets of the communities on solid waste disposal and management, procure more equipment (skip bins with a skip truck and a front end loader) and increase human resource. On the other hand, increased waste generation may provide 84 | P a g e 85 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 economic activities in waste recycling initiatives thereby creating employment opportunities and franchising of Solid Waste Management.

3.9.5. Environment and Climate Change Analysis These policies are designed to help Zambia achieve its goal of sustainable solid waste management by reducing the amount of solid waste being generated, improving the collection and disposal of waste and promoting recycling and reuse. Zambia can protect its environment and improve the health of its citizens The impact of existing trends on the Environment and Climate Change The rise in greenhouse gas levels in the earth’s atmosphere has caused adverse changes towards climate change and some of these can be traced to solid waste. The manufacturing, distribution and unsustainable use of consumable products results in greenhouse gas emissions. Disposal of solid waste in undesignated dumping sites and burning of solid waste in refuse pits leads to increased emissions of greenhouse gases, which also adversely affects climate change. Waste prevention and recycling are sustainable ways to help mitigate climate change. The impact of Environmental and Climate Change issues On Solid Waste Management Waste management practice generates Greenhouse Gases (GHG), both directly (i.e., emissions from the process itself) and indirectly (i.e., through energy consumption). Although waste prevention is found at the top of the waste management hierarchy, it generally receives the least allocation of resources and effort making it difficult to prevent environmental and climate change degradations. Climate change may impact waste on biological processes, e.g., composting, anaerobic digestion, etc.

3.9.6. Issues arising relating to gender and vulnerable groups Indiscriminate disposal of solid waste affects negatively the lives women, children and people with special needs. Children and young people are affected, as they are the ones frequenting the refuse bays and dumpsites to scavenge for anything of value they can exchange for cash. This inadvertently puts them at risk of contracting disease while putting themselves in harm’s way physically as these sites are riddled with physical hazards such as broken glass and bottles and dangerous chemicals among others. Women from poor and vulnerable households equally find themselves in harm’s way as they visit such solid waste collection or dumping sites to collect items of value for sale to earn a living.

3.9.7. Consideration of the underlying factors contributing to the issues identified Solid-waste management is a multidimensional aspect that incorporates political, institutional, social, environmental, and economic aspects. Improving Solid-waste Management (SWM) in developing countries requires efforts to raise public awareness, increase funding, build expertise, and invest in infrastructure. Institutions therefore need to recognize the roles that both women and men play in SWM focusing their efforts in behavioural change of all stakeholders that play a part in this exercise. 85 | P a g e 86 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 While SWM is a mandate of the Local Authority, there are numerous gaps in the dissemination of information in awareness campaigns on the issue due to lack of adequate resources, hence the lack of meaningful involvement and participation of women and other vulnerable groups. Lack of inclusion of gender-specific designs and gender-sensitive approaches in the information and education materials is attributed to reduced or non-existent of capacity building and limited resources in the Local Authority.

3.9.8. Summary of Core Problems The major contributing factor to poor solid waste management is as a result of limited resources, lack of designated dumping site, inadequate receptacles, inadequate solid waste equipment and lack of integrated intervention from stakeholders. Improper solid waste management leads to substantial negative environmental impacts such as pollution of air, soil and water thereby contributing to climate change. It may also result in disease outbreaks and migration of people from unsanitary conditions to cleaner locations there by affecting settlement patterns and land-use, planning. In order to address this waste management problem, there is need to improve public awareness and community participation, integrating gender perspectives into waste management areas, provision of equipment and establishment of self-engineered dumping sites.

3.10 Public Order and Safety - Community and General Policing Overview The Zambia Police in Sesheke district has the Grade B Police Station, which is the Sesheke Central Police located in Mulimambango Ward and there is Katima Mulilo Police Station located in Katima Mulilo Ward.

3.10.1. Key Government Priorities Being and to be Implemented at a Local Level The Police Service is mandated to carry out its functions through the Police Act No. 107 and the main priorities being implemented at the local level include: x Maintenance of Law and Order in the district x Preventing the occurrence of crime x Protection of public and private property x Preservation of life

3.10.2. Description of existing state of Development Availability of Services The district currently has the Sesheke Central Police, which is a Grade B station and Katima Mulilo police station. The police department currently deals mostly with cases such as assault (GBV, Bodily harm), livestock theft and defilement. Other cases, less common, include murder, general theft and breaking & entering. 86 | P a g e 87 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The department also provides other services to the public such as victim support for child labour and counselling during marital disputes. They also provide road safety awareness for motorists and conduct patrols to detect offenders in areas reported to have criminal activities. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance The police service collaborates with the Community Crime Prevention Unit (CCPU) to efficiently provide the services to the community. The CCPU conducts patrols in areas where crime has been reported or where there is a high rate of crime in an area. The Police department faces a lot of challenges in carrying out it mandate in the district. Sesheke district being a rural district, most areas are not accessed due to poor road network and transport challenges. Hence, the police department does not service most rural areas.

3.10.3. Issues Arising from Public Participation Process Availability of Services i. Some wards submitted that there are no police services provided in their areas, as there are no police posts to police their areas. ii. Lack of police services in most of the wards has resulted in loss of both private and public property iii. Poor law and order in areas not serviced by the polices iv. There is always poor response from the police to most complaints from the public due to inadequate transport challenges

3.10.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities The district human population is expected to increase over the next ten years creating a more complex population. The increased number of people will result in increased crime rates and new criminal activities such as fraud, scamming which will lead to demand for effective police services to maintain law & order and protect property. Hence, there will be need for creation and construction of post in wards that will have increased economic activities Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes In order for the police department to effectively carry out its mandate given the likely population increase will require various investments. Such investments will include; x Having readily available transport and police staff so as to reach all areas in the district. x Construction of Police Posts in Maondo Ward x Investment in ICT technologies to cab cybercrime and scammers

3.10.5. Core Issues in the Police Sector The main core issues affecting the operations of the Police sector are: i. Inadequate transport to service the rural parts of the district ii. Inadequate staff to carry out patrols 87 | P a g e 88 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.11 Public Order and Safety - Immigration and Border Control

3.11.1. Key Government Priorities being & Implemented at Local Level The Immigration and Deportation Act of 2010 whose priorities is to facilitate and regulate the movement of persons entering and leaving the country and control the stay of immigrants and visitors in order to contribute to internal security and sustainable social-economic development mandate the department of immigration. The key priorities being implemented in the district are: 1. Investigate, detain, arrest and prosecute illegal immigrants. 2. Facilitate and regulate the movement of persons entering and leaving the district. 3. Control the stay of immigrants and visitors in the district. 4. Interviewing applicants and reviewing documents in order to access whether an applicant can be awarded citizenship. 5. Work with the public for the purpose of internal security. 3.11.2.Description of the Existing State of Development Availability of Service The department of Immigration performs various services in order to facilitate the stay and movement of immigrants. Most of these services are provided at Katima Mulilo border. The services include: x Conducting Interviews and providing recommendations for immigrants that need permits for work, investments, education or temporal residence. x Providing extension of days to visitors and immigrants. x Issuance of report orders to clients with pending issues. x Joint operations with other security wings to conduct patrols and searches in places suspected to be dwelled by illegal foreigners in order to foster peace and stability in the district. Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators The department of Immigration interviews the various permit application made by the public and a response is given within a day. There is inadequate sensitization among the public and departments on the immigration procedures to be undertaken before immigrants are allowed to conduct their business in the district. There is also interference from the members of the public and those in authority during execution of operations and this usually compromises the services provided by the department. Members of the public hide information regarding foreigners and some members harbour the illegal immigrants. 3.11.3.Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process Availability of Services The main issue arising from the public participation was that the department has its presence at the border only and has no offices at the CBD. 88 | P a g e 89 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Quality of Service The quality of service provided is above average. However, the department needs to carry out a lot of sensitization programs to create awareness among the citizenry.

3.11.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years Population Change- Future Demand for Services and Facilities The population growth of the district over the next 10 years is projected to increase, this will see an increase in economic opportunities in sectors such as agriculture and livestock, timber and cross- border trading, and as such there is likely to be a population increase in the number of immigrants to engage in business/investment opportunities. The population increase will therefore put pressure on immigration department and should ensuring that immigration is properly regulated. Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes There is need to invest in the water transport which will help to control the stay of immigrants and visitors operating on the Zambezi River and on the lodge and safari operators. 3.11.5.Core Issues for the Sector i. There is lack of the Zambia Department Immigration System (ZIMS). ii. There is also lack of infrastructure such as detention centres and office space at the CBD

3.12 PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY -National Prosecutions Authority Overview The National Prosecution Authority is mandated to carry out its functions through the National Prosecution Authority Act No. 34 of 2010.

3.12.1. Key Government Priorities being & Implemented at Local Level The main priorities being implemented in the district include: Preparing and conducting criminal prosecutions, which are initiated by the Law Enforcement Agencies (Police, Department of National Parks And Wildlife, Immigration and Drug Enforcement). Advise LEAS on enforcement of the law and guiding on criminal matters.

3.12.2. Description of the Existing State of Development Availability of Services The department provides services to both Law Enforcing Agents and the public. They ensure that all offenders get speedy prosecutions to avoid people being in custody for long without trial. The department also ensures that all offenders that have been charged by the Law Enforcing Agents have fair trials. The department also provides Legal guidance, counseling to victims of crimes especially witness. 89 | P a g e 90 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators The department aims to provide quality service by prosecuting offenders in an active, efficient and fair manner in order to uphold the rule of law, justice and to ensure that human rights are guarded. However, because the neighbouring districts of Mwandi and Mulobezi have no subordinate court, the cases are brought to the subordinate court and this results in some cases taking long. Figure 18: Showing the locations of Public order and Safety Facilities in the IDP Area 90 | P a g e 91 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.13 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

3.13.1. Key Government Priorities Being and To Be Implemented At A Local Level Promote traditional and non-traditional minerals. Sesheke district recognizes the pivotal role Cooperatives play as vehicles for economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction. The district also takes cognizance of the role cooperatives played in many parts of the country, which used cooperative enterprises as engines of rural industrialization by converting local resources into finished products for local, regional and international markets. In this regard, 50 cooperatives and 20 companies will be encouraged to venture into new and profitable business of agriculture/aquaculture and other value addition businesses in the District. This will be done by conducting sensitization meetings for the youth, men and women at community level to participate in the agri/acqua businesses, particularly value chains in a more formalized, sustainable and structured arrangement. The district will facilitate the formation and registration of these cooperatives and companies among artisan and small-scale farmers. The district, through Cooperatives Department will facilitate the process of acquiring all the necessary documentations, skills and possibly link them to potential funders. The district will link another 40 cooperatives and 20 companies to business support services i.e. CDF, CEEC Empowerments and business providers to enhance their productivity. The district will also create joint venture linkages of artisanal, small-scale sand and quarry mining cooperatives and companies to potential investors and markets. This can be done through expo, trade fair, provincial agriculture shows and other deliberate exhibitions to increase the knowledge on the business and other possibilities within the value chains. Four (4) bulking Centres for agricultural/acquaculture beneficiation in Luampungu, Nangombe, Imusho and Mulimambango will be established for easy processing, transportation and marketing. The promotion of traditional and non-traditional agric/acquaculture products is expected to create more than 6,000 direct jobs and these will be registered to NAPSA, Worker’s Compensation Control Board and other regulatory institutions. The local authority will also come in to provide services by upgrading of road infrastructure in Luampungu, Imusho, Lusu and Nangombe areas. The council will also facilitate registration of these cooperatives and businesses in our Council database and as such will improve revenue collection on registered organisations in fees and Charges, which is currently standing at 4.2% of our total locally, generated revenue to at least 28.0% of our total local revenue budget. And to enhance this collection, Four (4) check points in those agriculture/aquaculture and mining areas to achieve 90% collection efficiency will be set up. Promote value addition and manufacturing The Ministry of small and medium enterprise development together with ministry of Agriculture have placed emphasis on the diversification agenda in the Agricultural sector to promote value addition of all agricultural produce including fruits, wild and natural . Promotion of value addition and 91 | P a g e 92 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 manufacturing will spur opportunities to small scale and medium entrepreneurs for economic development. The district is expected to conduct 60 sensitization meetings to more than 200 cooperatives and 1000 small scale farmers and sand/quarry miners for product promotion such as mango juice from mango fruit, cornflakes from maize and wood products, processed foods, and all the other value chain beneficiation. Fifty (50) number of trainings will be conducted in value addition and market linkage among artisan and small-scale miners. More than 300 Cooperatives and Companies will be linked to learning institutions for them to acquire skills that will boost production. The district will also advocate and encourage cooperatives to acquire processing equipment for value addition. Funding for processing equipment can be obtained from CDF, CEEC and other lending institutions. Provision of appropriate incentives to attract investment. The district will need to establish a number of value chains for example in timber, fish farming, livestock and agriculture. The district should train MSMEs in production, processing and packaging. A number of aggregation centers should be established. The Local authority will provide an enabling environment in which these value addition and Manufacturing Companies that want to set up businesses in Sesheke District by giving them information on how these businesses can access loans from CDF and other such facilities. If more Manufacturing and Value Addition Companies are coming to Sesheke the revenue for the local authority will be improved on licenses which currently stands at 7% to at least 17% of our total locally generated revenue from such ventures. Promote Enterprise Development The District will facilitate registration of 10 companies and 20 cooperatives to establish viable enterprises in different sectors such as light manufacturing, information and communication technology, sand and quarry mining mechanization, construction and supply industry etc. The district will also provide technical and training guidance to these companies and cooperatives to comply with legal provision. These companies and cooperatives will be encouraged to participate in CDF ,CEEC and other funding mechanisms in order to expand their business. The district will also link companies and cooperatives as SMES to Zambia Bureau of Standards (ZABS), Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) and Zambia Chamber of Commerce to ensure that products have good quality and can meet the international market. Through the Constituency Development Fund Programme, the Council shall implement over 40 community projects in the District. These Projects will be done by local Enterprises within the district. The Council intends to disburse empowerment grants to at least 60 youth groups and empowerment loans to at least 30 youth business enterprises. Furthermore, the Council plans to disburse empowerment grants to at least 80 women groups and cooperatives while at least 40 women enterprises are targeted for empowerment loans .In a long run these will improve the revenue base for the Council in terms of fees and Charges 92 | P a g e 93 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

3.13.2. Description of the Existing State Of Development The district has a total number of 162 primary and secondary cooperatives, which consist of 42 enterprising, 25 emerging and 10 non-enterprising. According to line of businesses, the agriculture sector dominates with the total number of 92 cooperatives mostly in production, processing and marketing of different crops such as cassava, maize and beans. Others include 45 Livestock Cooperatives, Four (4) Sand and Quarry Mine Cooperatives, 10 in fish farming. However, most of the cooperatives have not formalized the processes of acquiring documentations regarding the businesses. . Citizen Economic Empowerment Commission (CEEC) has been instrumental in empowering individuals, companies and cooperatives with funds in various projects. The district has 45 marketers who have been empowered with a total sum of K67, 500 under the empowerment called marketer booster loan. Each individual person received K1, 500. The district has a record of 430 marketers who have applied for this empowerment and 1800 marketers have been targeted. The number of applicants is expected to increase by 80% in the next 10 years to come. Through the Constituency Development Fund, the district has procured and delivered to schools 1,830 Desks for 2022 CDF. In addition, several projects underway in the education and health sectors where classroom blocks, health posts including rehabilitation of houses. This has boosted household income and business development, which is a sign of economic development for the district. Furthermore, the district has managed through CDF empowerment grants to disburse a total of K1 920, 590.00. Additionally, 3 health infrastructure projects are under construction across the district coupled with 09 school projects as well as 8 water reticulation projects. The council has also engaged in skills training with 625 students enrolled under Sesheke Central Constituency through CDF from 2022 to date. Beneficiaries under Secondary Schools are at 1,352 in the same period. 1. Water Aid Zambia, a non-governmental organisation, working with On Call Africa as an implementation partner did rehabilitate 17 out of 21 rural health centres in the district. The scope of works included, but not limited to construction of ablution blocks, maternity annexes and a complete water reticulation system at each of the facilities. This has significantly improved service delivery in the affected areas. A total of 31,345 people living within the proximity of the facilities are benefiting both direct and indirect. 2. Food Reserve Agency has established 7 maize aggregation centres in the district. The cooperatives create business with Food Reserve Agency on behalf of the members. For 2023 marketing season FRA sold 4,410 metric tonne of maize at a total cost of K 1,008,360.00. More aggregation centres are needed in the district for crops, livestock, and other agricultural products. 3. Solar milling plant: The district has nine(9) solar milling plants in the ten (10) wards. The milling plants were given to Cooperatives on loan by the government of the republic of Zambia. Loan agreement was signed and each solar milling plant has a total amount of K869, 000. The payment period is 15 years and each cooperative is supposed to pay K1, 500 per 93 | P a g e 94 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 month. The production capacity of the milling plant is 12 - 15 bags by 25kg per day. The milling plant are powered by solar for processing maize into mealie meal. Out of the total 7 solar hammer mill plants in the District, 5 are operational and 2 have challenges with solar panels being stolen. The production of mealie meal drops in rain season because of the reduced intensity of sun shine. More effort and collaboration is needed for the solar milling plants to be commercial, viable and sustainable as most of them are doing toll milling. 4. Gardening, chicken and goat rearing and other small businesses such as tailoring. A total of 9235 people (6,840 females; 2,395males) have benefited from the project’s support in the district. Sesheke District is serviced by Access Bank Zambia, formerly Atlasmara Bank that offers Financial and Banking services to micro, small and medium entrepreneurs. The bank is instrumental to Sesheke business communities for giving out flexible loans, village-banking accounts to small groups like cooperatives without monthly charges. Other financial institutions include AGOA Microfinance Zambia (AMZ), GS Finance and other small financial institutions that provide loans to MSMEs to expand their businesses. However, it is important to highlight the high levels of default by community members, which problem needs sensitisation and capacity building for them to appreciate the facility. Availability of Service The district has been carrying out services such as; sensitization to communities of formalization of businesses, monitoring and evaluation, promotion, trainings, formation and registration of small and medium entrepreneurs. The services are not adequate due to limited number of staff to meet expected output. Only two officers are available at the district. The establishment requires four more officers to be employed in order to strengthen the system. The district has two (2) skill centres by the name of Sesheke Trades School and Yeta College of Nursing and Midwifery. The trade school offers a number of skills including fabric design, cutting and Tailoring, Plumbing, Metal fabrication, Power, Electrical, and bricklaying. However, the two schools have limited capacity for equipping communities with entrepreneurial skills. This calls for consented effort to construct more centres. This should be one Kalobolelwa, Luampungu, Mulimambango and Katima Mulilo wards. x The M10 road (Sesheke Senanga) road is the only road of bituminous standard, the rest of the roads in the District are either gravel or paths leading to major growth points. However, some areas are difficult to reach due to poor road network. Therefore, the Community finds it difficult to transport their products to the market and to access inputs. Some individuals and groups may want to set up processing plants and small businesses that require power but they are unable to do so because they do not have electricity. For example, Communities like Lusu area, Luampungu, Nangombe, Kalobolelwa, Imusho, parts of Katima Mulilo do not have power. x The District has a total of two milling plants (one private, and the other is owned by the local authority) that produce mealie and sorghum from maize and sorghum respectively using the conversional power. The production capacity of these milling plants became very low particularly 94 | P a g e 95 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 in the last season due to low harvests. There is therefore need for increased support towards maize and sorghum production through increase in input support, construction of bulking and storage centres for the two commodities across the wards. Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance The quality of services is generally fair despite being expensive due to non-availability of closer shops and thus the need for CDF to give priorities to rural clubs applying for business to expand the access to such basic services and reduce the prices. There is need to engage the business community to provide an alternative solution through setting up businesses in rural communities as part of their expansion agenda. Realizing that the mealie meal coming from solar milling plants is good and cannot be compared to other local mills, it would be important to empower the cooperatives with enough capital and skill to be able to supply both the local market as well as nearby towns. Generally, the quality of services is good. What is needed is to continue offering capacity building to communities for sustainability of projects implemented in the areas. Trainings may include; x Leadership & Governance x Financial Management and literacy x Business Skills x Entrepreneurship and Business x Other Training (Record Keeping & Market Linkage

3.13.3. Issues Arising From the Public Participation Process Arising the public consultation process, it was indicated that the 3 storage shed infrastructure that are available in the district are not adequate and they are dilapidated. More storage facilities are needed. The community also felt that the existing solar milling plants and individual hammer mills have been helping the community for processing their maize, cassava, sorghum and millet and as such, very few communities are travelling long distances to access services. They further felt that the milling plants were required to be connected to national grid as solar panels were constantly being stolen from the facilities. Poor road Infrastructure The district has very few roads that are good and most of them are in a deplorable state making it difficult to conduct business especially in rain season. This coupled with the general lack of electricity pose a challenge to develop these areas. Entities such as groups and cooperatives have been identified as channels for developing communities. In areas like Luampungu and Imusho, cooperatives and other groupings have been instrumental to offer Services to members, which include linking members to the market, accessing funds from government and other Non-Governmental Organizations. As such, communities are appreciating the existence of groups. The assessment done in the district indicates that communities are willing to participate in national programs and the information has reached to households on the business sustainability and capital 95 | P a g e 96 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 outsourcing from the government through CEEC and CDF. More sensitization programs are needed for communities to understand and appreciate fully government programs. The challenge with CEEC funds is on pay back modalities, after acquisition mainly attributed to failure by beneficiaries to concentrate on sustainability of the investments and be able to pay back. Coupled with that, there is little sensitization and capacity building on beneficiaries on how to sustain businesses and be able to service the loans. On CDF, notable among the challenges are a low turnout of submissions under CDF skills training for members of the community, which has also recorded a low turn-out of learners accepted at various training schools. Additionally, some beneficiaries of grants and loans do not use funds for the intended purposes thus the need for continuous monitoring and capacity building.

3.13.4. Impact of Changes Anticipated Over The Next Ten Years With the coming of CDF, CEEC and other financial business lending institutions, it is anticipated that there would be massive economic growth in the business sector, which could be projected at 70% in the next ten years. It is also expected that net sales for solar milling plants will increase once they are re-capitalized through the government. The district has continued to receive a lot of investors especially in the agri-business and in the mining sectors. It is therefore expected that in the next ten years, there will be more employment opportunities and mushrooming of related supporting businesses to these sectors. This entails that employment rate is expected to rise to about 64% in the next ten years.

3.13.5. Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities The population of the district is expected to grow to about 108,066 in the next 10 years. This means that there will be increased demand for services and facilities related to the sector. In the next ten years, the district anticipates to have more than 420 registered cooperatives and SMEs. This implies that there will be increased demand from these groups to be provided with the needed services and facilities. These groups will need to be linked to financial institutions and markets. The anticipated population growth will indicate that more youths and women will need to be equipped with entrepreneurial skills and continued capacity building.

3.13.6. The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use The road network constructed (for example, along the Lusu road and Mazaba road) will make it easy for people to transport their farm produce to the market and the costs are expected to reduce. So many people have started/opened some businesses due to the availability of sources of funds like CDF and or CEEC.

3.13.7. Environment and Climate Change Analysis Extreme weather events will raise the cost of trade by destroying or degrading transport infrastructure. These extreme weather events have the potential to disrupt supply chains making ferrying the resources and materials difficult and businesses become more challenging. Droughts and weather 96 | P a g e 97 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 pattern changes may cause a shortage of crops used for food and other products in the value chain. Rising electricity, transportation and insurance expenses may also increase the cost of doing business. Promotion of small scale mining activities(Sand and Quarry) in the district may have a negative impact on the environment if not well regulated. This would lead to increased deforestation, land degradation, creation of holes and subsequently affecting the rainfall pattern. It would also lead to increased bellow pits.

3.13.8. The Impact Of Existing Trends On The Environment And Climate Change The road network constructed (for example, Mazaba and Lusu roads) will make it easy for people to transport their farm produce to the market and the costs are expected to reduce. So many people have started/opened some businesses due to the availability of loan schemes like CDF, CEEC and others. Sesheke Town Council through a project called Pilot programme for Climate Resilience (PPCR) procured a hammer mill and constructed a shed for value addition of maize and millet. This project aims at creating market for small-scale farmers that are growing sorghum, millet and maize. The objective is reduce on the price of the staple food - maize, but also create a ready market for farmers. The local authority has also procured a block-making machine for the production of concrete blocks for the development of the District. This will not only create employment for the locals, but also increase and improve the much needed revenue collection for the local authority.

3.13.9. The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector Extreme weather events will raise the cost of trade by destroying or degrading transport infrastructure. These extreme weather events have the potential to disrupt supply chains making ferrying the resources and materials difficult and businesses become more challenging. Droughts and weather pattern changes may cause a shortage of crops used for food and other products in the value chain. Rising electricity, transportation and insurance expenses may also increase the cost of doing business. Promotion of small-scale mining (sand and quarry) activities in the district may have a negative impact on the environment if not well regulated. This would lead to increased deforestation and subsequently affect the rainfall pattern. It would also lead to increased bellow pits.

3.13.10. Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups Women and girls Women need more grants than loans as well as the need for training on record keeping of their business and girls need more information from the communities on how to access funds. There is also need to work on the empowerment of women and on securing the human rights of women. Access to credit, inheritance and land rights, access to different levels of education, or involvement in decision- making in different areas - need to be sex-disaggregated so that it is possible to identify and address constraints and challenges to the achievement of equality between women and men. Youths There is need to encourage youth participation in cooperative activities and remove the notion that cooperatives belong to the old age, furthermore, increased sensitization to youth groups on grants and 97 | P a g e 98 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 loans acquisition is required coupled with capacity building and monitoring. The Government is also promoting youth representation in leadership key positions in various sectors and now stands at around 20%. Disabled The disabled are also given priority in employment, acquisition of land, in business and in other sectors that require their participation through a deliberate policy. HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS has a huge impact on the world of business by threatening the livelihoods of people and creates an environment, which undermines the rights of people. There should be non-discrimination on the basis of real and perceived HIV status. The DACA (District AIDS Coordination Advisor) and other stakeholders in health have been sensitizing community groups on HIV/AIDS, child labour, sexual harassment, child abuse and gender issues. Furthermore, traditional leaders (chiefs and head persons) in the district have also been sensitized on HIV/AIDS, child labour, gender and other social issues.

3.13.11. Summary x Poor participation from stakeholders in artisan and small-scale farming , illegal sand and quarry mining activities in the district, lack of capacity on registration of companies, bureaucracy in acquisition of licenses. x Lack of manufacturing industries in the district, capacity building, inadequate resources, low production of raw materials, limited access to market places, inadequate market for products and prohibitive Government policies. x Inadequate resources, inadequate capacity buildings, inadequate training centers, x Inadequate participation, poor infrastructure, unattractive local conditions, x Knowledge gaps and inadequate enterprises. x Inadequate technology, vocational and entrepreneurship skills.

3.13.12. Consideration of the Underlying Factors Contributing To the Issues Identified x Poor participation from stakeholders in artisan and small-scale sand and quarry mining, lack of capacity building on best agriculture practices, bureaucracy in acquisition of licenses and prohibitive government procedures. x Lack of manufacturing industries in the district, capacity building, inadequate resources, low production of raw materials, limited access to market places, inadequate market for products and restrictive Government policies, x Inadequate resources, inadequate capacity buildings, inadequate training centers, x Inadequate participation, poor infrastructure, unattractive local conditions, x Knowledge gaps and inadequate enterprises. 98 | P a g e 99 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 x Inadequate technology, vocational and entrepreneurship skills.

3.13.13. Summary – Core Problems (for the entire PSIR) i. Low Agriculture production and productivity ii. Limited access to quality Health care services iii. Inadequate quality of Education services iv. Poor road network v. Deforestation and poor environment management vi. Inadequate access to quality water supply and sanitation vii. Under-exploitation of the tourism sector viii. Limited access to electricity and alternative sources of energy ix. Limited manufacturing industry

3.14 Energy Sector Overview Energy and its accessibility is at the core of social, economic and environmental concerns facing Zambia, The energy sector in Zambia consists of three main subsectors namely: Electricity, renewable energy and petroleum. The generation-installed capacity in Zambia is 3356.6 MW (the state of energy in Zambia, 2016). The installed capacity comprises of 83 percent of hydro, 9 % of coal, 5% of heavy oil and 3% solar PV. Zambia has abundant renewable and non-renewable energy resources and these include vast water reserves, industrial minerals such as coal, Agricultural land to support bio fuels, ample forest for biomass, wind and long intense hours of sunshine. Petroleum contributes about nine (9) percent to the national's total energy requirements. Petroleum plays a crucial role in the running of Zambia's economy particularly in the agriculture, transport, and mining sectors. All petroleum products in the country are currently imported. 99 | P a g e 100 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 19: Showing Power (Electricity) Connectivity in the IDP Area

3.14.1. Key Government Priorities Being and to be implemented at local level The Eighth National Development Plan has outlined the plan of implementation for the period 2022 to 2026 and the following strategies and plans have been adopted. Enhancement of the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and the management of petroleum products Review of the National Energy Policy 2019 The overall objective of the NEP 2019 is to achieve an overall energy resources utilization to meet the needs of the people at the lowest economic, financial, social, and environmental and opportunity cost. Hence, objectives such as promotion of efficient energy resources in order to conserve natural resources for the benefit of future generations, promotion of sustainable exploitation of alternative every to wood fuel resources. In order to increase social economic development, Increment of the exploitation of renewable energy and diversification of the energy resources and access to Electricity are needed to improve the livelihood of citizens. Implementation of Plans and Strategies Expansion of transmission and distribution capacity One of the strategies that has been implemented in the district is the expansion of transmission and distribution capacity in order to increase access to electricity. A number of households have been 100 | P a g e 101 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 connected to the national electricity grid especially government owned institutions. In addition, all schools such as Mangamu Primary School, which are within 5 Km radius from the M10 Road have been electrified in a bid to expand the transmission and distribution capacity.

3.14.2. Description of the existing state of development Availability of service Sesheke District is still a predominantly rural district coming from a place where mostly solar energy and unsustainable sources of energy such as charcoal and firewood were and still are the predominant sources of energy. The expansion of the electricity distribution and transmission capacity from Livingstone to Sesheke has greatly changed the landscape of economic development in the district. Businesses that require electricity have begun mushrooming and houses are being electrified leading to an increase in employment opportunities for the local people. The district has also seen a reduction in the cutting down of trees is evident as seen from the slow depletion of the forest resources. This is so simply because the introduction of the national electricity grid in the district has given people an alternative source of energy. Generally, a conclusion can be drawn that the energy sector is improving the economy of the district. Quality of service including key indicators of performance. Development is accelerated by the energy sector as it provides the necessary environment for the provision of energy needed to foster industrialization in the district. The abundant presence of solar energy in the district can led to mass production of goods and services needed in the district as well as exporting in the neighbouring towns such as Mwandi, Mulobezi, Sioma, Senanga and Mongu and also to Namibia. Sesheke District is currently connected to the national grid with the connectivity rate of 3 percent as most structures have not yet been connected to the national grid. Essential buildings in the district such as governmental departments, school boarding and main health post are already connected to the national grid. Another source of energy for the local communities is the utilization of solar energy as the area receives abundant sunshine to allow the tapping in solar systems in the district. Some cardinal infrastructure such as schools and health posts are currently benefiting from solar energy. The majority of the communities in the district are still relying on charcoal and firewood as a source of energy for cooking purposes. This predicament is supported by the presence of abundant trees that are suitable for charcoal burning. Additionally, when it comes to petroleum products, the district currently has only one filling station that supplies the district with fuel. The same filling station also supplies fuel to the three neighbouring districts inevitably increasing the demand for the scarce resource. Reliance on one filling station by such a huge population has usually led to fuel shortages in the district forcing motorists to acquire this product from the neighbouring Namibia. This situation has greatly affected the local communities in terms of high transportation cost and subsequently the price of goods and services is generally high. 101 | P a g e 102 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Quality of services including key indicators of performance The use of energy in the district is key to fostering economic development; importance is therefore placed on managing the available energy resources in the district efficiently. Over the years, energy emanating from biomass has been utilised vigorously. The cutting down of trees has been the most common activity as the wood is utilised as the source of energy. In the recent past, a shift has been seen with regards to the energy sector, much emphasis is being placed on the use of sustainable energy sources in order to safeguard the environment. The most common energy sources in the district are wood fuel, solar energy and hydro-electric energy. The district relies predominantly on wood fuel as a source of energy for home consumption, as the years past, solar energy began to be utilised in homes as well as schools and health facilities. The National electricity grid has not reached all the areas in the district. Some areas still rely on solar energy and wood fuel as their source of energy. Hydro- electric energy is predominantly in Mulimambango, Nakatindi and Katima Mulilo wards which are mostly along the M10 Road. Communities in wards such as Nang’ombe ward, Imusho ward, Luampungu ward, Silumbu Ward and Lusu ward are still dependant on solar and wood fuel as their source of energy.

3.14.3. Issues arising the public Participation process Availability of service Arising from the drought experienced in the previous farming season. The drought has greatly reduced water in reservoir dams, leading to a severe decrease in electricity generation as evidenced by increased hours of load shedding. Extended hours of load shedding has a huge adverse effect on the small and medium scale businesses as the majority of the businesses in the district rely on electricity to run smoothly. Small businesses such as salons, barbershops and butcheries are among the most affected the long power outages. Quality of service including key indicators of Performance During the public consultative meeting, the lack of electricity connectivity in most of the social amenities i.e. schools, in the district was among the biggest concerns that the. The absence of electricity meant that school-going children could not utilise the services such as information technology that requires the use of computers also the use digital interventions that require energy. A concern was also raised on the unavailability of power in most health posts hence compromising the quality of the services the health centre can provide. Certain services that require power cannot be attended to due to the lack of electricity connectivity. Issues from public participation process relating to the quality of services. A concern was raised during the public consultative meetings in which it was mentioned that only a limited number of households, schools and health posts were connected to the electricity grid. Households that are near the electricity grid have been connected while households, schools and health posts that are distant from the electricity grid are still depending on wood fuel as a source of energy.

3.14.4. Impact of changes anticipated over the next 10 years. Population change –future demand for service and facilities 102 | P a g e 103 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Population increase in recent years has resulted in an increasing demand for natural resources such as wood fuel for energy needs because wood fuel is inexpensive and readily available. Traditional wood fuels such as charcoal and firewood dominate energy consumption in Zambia. The projected population for the district as 2024 stands at 79, 499 (Zamstats 2022 (Population Report Vol 2, 2024) Given the current growth rate of Sesheke as of the 2022 census, which stands at 4.6% per annum, the population of the district is expected to increase to 108,066 by 2034. The increased population will entail an increased demand of energy. Given the limited capacity to provide electricity to all the wards, rural electrification will be the focus of the district for the next 10 years in order to extend the supply of electricity to the population that are situated in the rural parts of the district. The expansion of the electricity grid and tapping into solar energy and other sustainable alternative energy forms will help alleviate the anticipated surge in demand for energy. The increased population will also entail an increased demand for petroleum products, requiring the construction of more petroleum related infrastructure. Over the years, the private sector has expressed interest in investing in this sector as many have made request for land to construct filling stations. Given that, there is limited state land to accommodate the much-needed filling stations, this presents an opportunity for the local authority to engage into planning agreements with the traditional authority to allow these developments to make on customary land. This action will not only meet anticipated surge in demand for petroleum but will provide employment to the locals. Increased population in the long also presents an opportunity of tapping in the use of human waste as a form of an energy source. The majority of the houses in Sesheke district are conventional type of homesteads that are not connected to a sewer system but mainly use soak-a ways. Tapping in this resource can reduce provides a renewable energy resource which is cheap and environmentally friendly.

3.14.5. Existing and proposed investment and development programs The increase in population over the next 10 years will result in the increase in demand for electricity connection. Areas will demand for more household and industrial activities to be furnished with electricity. Imusho area commonly known being a Game Management area and for fish production due to proximity to the Kwando river the majority of people are migrating from other areas to imusho area settle for purposes of exploiting the same. Industrialisation of activities around Imusho area will demand for the expansion of the electricity grid to the area. The district also has a number of other areas that have potential to be economically vibrant if poer connection was extended to these areas. These area include areas such as saw mills which already has a privately owned timber processing company and Luampungu area that has flood plains capable of being utilized for rice production.

3.14.6. The impact of continuation of existing trends on land use and population distribution patterns The population and land use trends of Sesheke district is predominately situated along transportation routes and near water bodies. Subsequently, the continuation of the existing trends on land use and population trends would entail an increased demand for land for agriculture, settlement and industrial purposes. 103 | P a g e 104 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The clearing of vast pieces of land for the aforementioned purposed will contribute to climate change as forests and vegetation cover will degrade due to clearing of huge parcels of land. The increase in the number of human settlements will also mean an increased demand for energy resources.

3.14.7. Environment and climate change analysis Impact of existing trends on the environment and climate change. Sesheke District is in the process of connecting infrastructure to the national electricity grid. This process demands the cutting of timber that is utilised as raw material. In addition, bush clearing is the norm of the day as land is required where the pylons will pass. The current developmental trends have an impact on the climatic condition of the area as it may lead to extreme temperatures being experienced in the region and soil erosion during the rainy season as the soil is left bare. Impact of environment and climate change issues in the sector. The energy sector is vulnerable to a wide range of climate change impacts. An increase in temperature has many effects in the region; firstly, the region is made suitable for solar energy, which demands a lot of heat. It is likely that more household will venture into the purchase of solar equipment. Another impact worth mentioning is the disruption of energy supply. The national grid in the district depends on hydro power transmission , a rise in temperature leads to an increase in the evaporation of water in the water bodies that are needed for hydro power supply hence it is likely that disruptions in power supply will be felt due to less water in the water bodies to produce enough power. Climate change threatens the ways in which power reaches our homes and businesses due to a change in climatic conditions; the area is likely to receive a lot of wind that may disturb the transmission lines.

3.14.8. Issues arising relating to gender groups and vulnerable groups. Women and girls Access to energy is a precondition for health, education and social-economic amenities. The District has a huge gap in relation to gender equality. Lack of access to modern sources of energy in the district has serious impacts to the women and girls, as they are the ones that have been given the roles of cooking for the family using firewood. Their health is compromised as they inhale the smoke coming from the firewood. Men and Boys Clean energy can be very transformative. The majority of people in Sesheke district are still relying on wood as a source of energy. This has massive implications on the men and boys, as they are the ones that are given the roles of fetching the firewood that is needed by the family. Men and boys have to work long hours in the bush in a quest to find suitable wood for making fire for cooking.

3.14.9. Summary and Consideration of Underlying Issues The population and infrastructure increase as well as the number of industries being established in the district should be taken as an opportunity to enhance investment in other energy sources and opening of more power generating stations and other renewable energy sources would be paramount. 104 | P a g e 105 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Population pressure contributes to land degradation, soil erosion and this has an impact on the climate, thereby affecting productive resource base of the economy such as in the energy sector. The availability of electricity in public and private spaces, including street lighting, can reduce crime and gender-based violence, while leading to increased access to mass media and a greater wealth of information and opportunity through computers, television, and radio. The development of the district demands for more vehicles to provide services within and outside the district. This will in turn demand for the construction of fuel filling station and increase in the environmental challenges.

3.14.10. Critical Issues x Only a small percentage of infrastructure and households in the district are connected to the national electricity grid. x The majority of the communities in the district rely on unsustainable sources of energy for home consumption. x Communities are scattered ushering in electricity connection issues. x An observation of solar connected infrastructure in the district indicates that the majority of the solar installations are not functioning according to expectations. x Inadequate filling stations in the district x Environmental degradation due to continued cutting down of trees 105 | P a g e 106 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

4.0 SUMMARY OF CORE ISSUES Following is a summary of the are main core issues as identified for all the sectors in the Planning Surveys and issues report as identified; Table 16: Showing a Summary of Core Issues in the IDP Area SN SECTOR CORE ISSUE 1 Transportation and Poor Road Network and Telecommunication in nine out of ten Communication wards 2 Agriculture Low agriculture production and productivity despite having 70- 80% of land in the district being arable. 3 Fisheries and Livestock Low Livestock and fisheries produce contributing to insufficient income at household level in all ten wards. 4 Education and Skills Poor and inadequate school infrastructure and learning and Development teaching materials for learners and teachers in the district 5 Water and Sanitation Inadequate access to clean and safe drinking water which causes diarrhoea and water borne diseases in Seven out of eight rural wards don’t have 6 Health and Nutrition High malaria prevalence rate of 408/1000 population in the district 7 Commerce, Trade and Low level of economic activities in all Ten wards of district Industry 8 Energy Low connectivity - Over seventy percent of households in rural wards are not connected to national power grid 9 Wildlife and Forestry High deforestation and encroachments in gazetted forest areas in all ten wards of district 10 Community Development People living in abject poverty in eight out of the ten wards and Social Services 11 Fisheries and Livestock Low livestock and fisheries produce contributing to insufficient income at household level in all ten wards. 12 Tourism and Arts Undeveloped and underdeveloped tourism, arts and cultural infrastructure across the wards 13 Solid Waste Poor waste management in all ten wards 106 | P a g e 107 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 _____________ PART III DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 107 | P a g e 108 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 PART THREE

4.0 DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

4.1 Introduction The development framework was developed following critical analysis of core issues from the Planning Survey and Issues Report (PSIR) presented in part two. In this section, key issues identified were analysed against which goals, objectives and strategies were formulated. Overall, the development framework has set out the Vision, Mission, Goals, Objectives and Strategies for addressing the problems identified in the previous Chapters. Sectoral and Cross Sectoral analysis was done with all stakeholders to address core problems identified (GRZ, 2019a) and the agreed upon interventions are detailed below. This Development Framework therefore guides the development of the district for the period 2023 to 2033.

4.2 Vision and Mission Legal Framework/Policies to guide Sesheke district development Table 17:Showing Legal Framework and Policies to guide the District Development VISION “An Inclusive and Economically Vibrant District by the year 2034” Economic Human and Social Environmental and Good Governance Transformation and Development Sustainability Wealth Creation MISSION “To be an inclusive and economically vibrant district that facilitates provision of quality services in an accountable, transparent and equitable manner with the participation of the community and order stakeholders aimed at improving the quality and standard of living for all in the district”.

4.3 Legal Framework/Policies to Guide Development Policy Instrument Description of the Effect of Policies on Sesheke’s Development Vision 2030: Aspirations to make Zambia a middle-income country. Land Act (1995) All land is vested on H.E. the President of Zambia, the continuation of leasehold tenure to individuals or private entities is ensured. The Act provides for the statutory recognition of customary tenure, with possibility of being converted to leasehold tenure. It also establishes the land development fund and land tribunals. 8th National Provide a national framework for resources allocation every 5 years. The 8th NDP Development Plan focuses on Economic Transformation and Job creation, Human and Social (8NDP) and Development, Environmental Sustainability, and Good Governance Environment. subsequent NDPs 108 | P a g e 109 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Decentralization Meant to take power close to the people for their own development benefit. Policy Additional districts have been created since 2011 and provincial administrations have been recently reinforced. Capacity development is being planned for and implemented at local government level with matching financial resources. National Housing Currently being revised also based on the urban housing profile recently prepared Policy (1996) with the support of UN-Habitat. This important policy instrument guides on key issues such as housing delivery, building materials, land and employment, among others. Urban and Regional The Act establishes procedures for integrated urban and regional planning in a Planning Act (2015 devolved system of governance so as to ensure multi-sector cooperation, coordination and involvement of different levels of ministries, provincial administration, local authorities, traditional leaders and other stakeholders in urban and regional planning National Planning The Act provides for an integrated national planning and budgeting process; and Budgeting strengthened accountability, oversight and participation mechanisms in the national planning and budgeting process; principles and modalities for formulation, approval, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of long and medium term national, provincial, and district development plans and budgets. It further provides for coordination of national development plans with the National Planning Framework; a participatory and decentralized national planning and budgeting process which promotes the participation of state and non-state actors in the planning and budgeting process; evidence based decision making in national planning and budgeting; enhanced budget credibility; and matters connected with, or incidental to the foregoing. Zambia Wildlife Makes provision for the management and conservation of wildlife in Zambia. Act (2015) Further provides for trade in wild animals and meat of wild animals. It also provides for the development and implementation of management plans National Parks and undertakes to unlock the economic potential of the sector for the benefit of present Wildlife Policy and future generations and to secure it from various threats.it provides guidance on (2018) enhancing biodiversity conservation and transforming wildlife into an economic asset that will contribute to national economic development through promotion of nature-based tourism, creation of employment and increased local community participation in wildlife management.

4.4 Development Goals, Objectives, Priorities and Development Strategies Arising from the analysis of the sectors discussed in the planning survey and issues report, the development framework seeks to define goals, strategies and activities in order to help achieve the targets.

4.5 Sesheke District Priority Goals 1. To ensure that Sesheke town attains sustainable infrastructure, transport system, ICT and safety by 2034. 2. To ensure access to quality social services by 2034. 3. To support the development of a sustainable tourism, diversified and competitive food and nutrition security by 2034. 4. To Promote Local Economic Development, Diversification and Value Addition 109 | P a g e 110 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Objectives for Goal 1 1. Improve the district road network by 2034. 2. The Local Authority to establish a well-defined public transportation system by 2028. 3. To Enhance telecommunication coverage in 7 wards from 55% to 85% by 2030 4. To improve road connectivity from the Centre to the growth centers through construction and rehabilitation of feeder roads by 2034. 5. To attain sustainable forest management of all types of forest, forest products and services Objectives for Goal 2 1. To construct more schools and more classrooms by 2034. 2. To construct more staff houses by 2034. 3. To improve Doctor patient ratio from 1:17,000 to 1:500 by 2034. 4. To improve teacher pupil ratio from 1:62 to 1:40 by 2034. 5. To improve waste collection efficiency by franchising to cooperatives, clubs and companies by 2034. 6. To improve access to electricity through the Rural Electrification programme by 2034. 7. To improve access to all municipal services 8. To improve the water reticulation system by 2034. Objectives for Goal 3 1. To construct dip tanks, green house and livestock service center by 2034. 2. To have a diversified and export- oriented agriculture sector 3. To improve extension service delivery by 2034. 4. To promote climate smart agriculture by 2034. 5. To support the development of a diversified and competitive fisheries sector by 50% by 2034. 6. To support the development of a sustainable diversified and competitive Livestock sector by 2034. 7. To provide veterinary service in order to improve livestock health by 2034. 8. To provide market linkages for livestock from 30% to 50% by 2034. Objectives for Goal 4 1. Promotion of local eco-tourism, arts and culture in at least four wards of the district by 2034. 2. To increase areas of production and productivity in order to be food secure by 2033. 3. To establish processing plants in order to create jobs by 2034. 4. To increase the number of market shelters from 5 to 12 by 2034. 5. To Improve Spatial and Built Environment by 2034. 6. To Increase energy production and distribution for sustainable development for the District by 2034. 7. To improve welfare assistance for the vulnerable from 45% to 75% by 2034. 9. To improve energy production and distribution for sustainable development 35% by 2034. 10. To construct dip tanks, green house and livestock service center by 2034. 11. To enhance welfare and livelihood of the poor and vulnerable from 45% to 75% by 2034. 12. To promote access to finance for youths, women and the vulnerable community members by 2034. 13. Enhance its own source revenue collection from 60% to 80% by 2034. 110 | P a g e 111 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

4.6 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, PRIORITIES AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES Table 18: Showing Development Framework by Sector STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREA 1: ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND JOB CREATION Goal 1: INDUSTRIALIZED AND DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY Objective To improve local and regional transport and logistics sub-sectors by 50% by 2034 Strategy 5 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Relocation and Civil Aviation Aviation Mutimbe Village along Development of a new 0 0 1 0 0 Authority Development Mazaba road airstrip Local Authority Road Development Procurement of Earth Mulimanbango Ward 1 1 1 1 1 Local Authority and maintenance Moving Equipment Road construction and RDA Improve transport All Wards 50KM 100KM 100KM 100KM 100KM maintenance Local Authority and Logistics Inland water Development of public Katima Mulilo, transport water transport to link Mulilmambango and Lusu 1 1 1 1 1 Local Authority development and Namibia as well as the east Wards maintenance and west banks Warehousing Construction of Katima Mulilo 0 0 0 1 1 Local Authority Development Warehouses Strategy 2 To integrate digital technologies into Local Business processes Katima Mulilo, Suzuka to Construction of ICT Infrastructure Namitala, Nangombe, Mobile Network Telecommununication 2 2 2 2 2 Development Luampungu,Lusu, Providers towers Kalobolelwa,Maondo Operationalisation of the Enhance Digital sesheke community radio Local Authority Capacity Mulimanbango 1 1 1 1 station and construction of Cooperating Partners signal boosters Introduction and Training Ministry of Digital Skills in digital skills among the Katima Ward 100 100 100 100 100 Technology and Enhancement youths at Sesheke Trades Science 111 | P a g e 112 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREA 1: ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND JOB CREATION Goal: To provide increase Agricultural Production and Productivity by 2028 Objective To Develop Farm block and resettlement schemes Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency The MOA and LA will increase Agricultural Farm block and Identification of Land and Production and resettlement establishment of a Farm Luampungu 0 0 0 0 1 MoA and LA Productivity by schemes block 80% Establishing development a farm block within 5 years Goal: To provide access to extension services for farmers in the district Objective Access to productive resources and services for both small-scale and commercial farmers Improved Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Increase Agricultural Extension services Procurement of 18 Motor 1 5 5 5 2 MoA Production and support bikes Productivity Rehabilitation of all camp 1 1 1 1 1 MoA Agriculture camp houses Recruit 9 Camp extension all camp 0 2 2 2 3 MoA officers. Goal: To provide irrigation Infrastructure for farmers in Sesheke Objective To increase the irrigation command area to over 1000 Hectares. Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Increase Research, Lilonga, Agricultural Irrigation Construction of 5 irrigation Maondo, Katongo and 5 0 0 0 0 MOA Production and development schemes Lusu West Productivity Construction of 1 Learning Sesheke Farmer Training 1 0 0 0 0 MOA Centre of Excellency Centre 112 | P a g e 113 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal: To provide irrigation Infrastructure for farmers in Sesheke Objective To increase the irrigation command area to over 1000 Hectares. Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Increase Research, Lilonga, Agricultural Irrigation Construction of 5 irrigation Maondo, Katongo and 5 0 0 0 0 MOA Production and development schemes Lusu West Productivity Construction of 1 Learning Sesheke Farmer Training 1 0 0 0 0 MOA Centre of Excellency Centre Goal: To promote agricultural Mechanisation Objective Improve access to agricultural equipment and services for small-scale farmers Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Procurement of Tractors, Increase and accompanying Agricultural Agricultural Sesheke Farmer Training equipment to establish the 1 0 0 0 0 MOA Production and mechanisation Centre Mechanisation Service Productivity Centre Goal: To promote agricultural Mechanisation Objective Improve access to agricultural equipment and services for small-scale farmers Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Procurement of Tractors, Increase and accompanying Agricultural Agricultural Sesheke Farmer Training equipment to establish the 1 0 0 0 0 MOA Production and mechanisation Centre Mechanisation Service Productivity Centre Goal: To provide and increase access to Agricultural Infrastructure Objective Provision of agricultural infrastructure improved by 80 percent Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Increase Agricultural Infrastructure Construction of Storage Lusu west, Maondo and 1 2 0 0 0 MOA Production and development and processing Facilities Njokomalomo Productivity Construction of 22 all Camps 4 4 4 4 6 MOA agriculture camp houses 113 | P a g e 114 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal: To Increase Access to Agricultural Inputs Objective Access to livestock infrastructure improved by 80 percent Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Increase Agricultural Farmer input Provision of Farm Inputs All Wards/camps 600 1000 1500 2000 3000 MOA Production and support Productivity Sustainable Increase Access Cropping seasonal Inputs Agriculture All Wards/camps 200 400 800 1500 2000 MOA to finance Financing Finance Facility Small Scale Provision of Irrigation All Wards/camps 200 400 800 1500 2000 MOA Irrigation Financing Financing Farm Provision of Farm All Wards/camps 200 400 800 1500 2000 MOA Mechanization Mechanization Breeding Stock Provision of Breeding All Wards/camps 200 400 800 1500 2000 MOA Financing Stock Dairy Farming Provision of Dairy Farming All Wards/camps 200 400 800 1500 2000 MOA Financing Financing Broiler Out-grower Provision of Broiler Out- All Wards/camps 200 400 800 1500 2000 MOA Financing grower Financing Goal To enhance Fishery Production and Productivity Objective To increase the Aquaculture production in the district by 70% Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Establishment of Fingering Katongo/Maondo 1 1 DOF/LA production Centre Increased Access Aquaculture to fingerings Nang’ombe ward, Lusu Training of fish farmers in ward, Katongo, Maondo, 50 50 50 50 75 DOF/LA ponds construction. Sawmills 114 | P a g e 115 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal To enhance Fishery Production and Productivity Objective To increase the Aquaculture production in the district by 70% Training fish farmers in Nang’ombe ward, Lusu fish pond management and ward, Katongo, Maondo, 50 50 50 50 75 DOF/LA value addition on fish Sawmills Nang’ombe ward, Lusu construction of fish pond ward, Katongo, Maondo, 50 50 50 50 75 DOF/LA in the district Sawmills Promotion of Fish cage Maondo, Katongo, 15 15 15 15 15 DOF/LA farming in lagoons Sawmills Establishment/Constructio n of cold storage facilities Sesheke Central 1 DOF/LA for value addition in fisheries Construction of 6 fisheries Lusu, Kalobolelwa, 2 2 2 DOF/LA Enhance Fisheries camp houses Maondo, Katongo Aquaculture Service Delivery Procurement of 10 Motor All Camps/Wards 10 MoFL bikes Objective To Regulate the Fishery activities in the district Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Promotion of Training of farmers in sustainable fishing All wards 100 120 150 150 150 DoF proper fishing methods methods To enforce fisheries Act Capture Fisheries All wards 15 20 25 25 30 Increased through the fish Ban adherence to fish Procurement of water District office 1 MoFL/LA regulations transport (Speed boat) To procure vehicle for district staff for District office 1 MoFL/LA enforcement and regulation of fisheries 115 | P a g e 116 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal To enhance Disease Prevention and Control Objective To Regulate the Fishery activities in the district Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency 31,000 33,000 35,000 36,000 37,000 Vaccination of Livestock Disease Control All Wards cattle cattle cattle cattle cattle against major diseases (CBPP) (CBPP) (CBPP) (CBPP) (CBPP) 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 Chicken Chicken Chicken Chicken Chicken s s s s s (NCD) (NCD) (NCD) (NCD) (NCD) 33,000 34,000 35,000 36,000 37,000 cattle cattle cattle cattle cattle DVS/LA/MoFL/ (FMD) (FMD) (FMD) (FMD) (FMD) Mafisa/FAO 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 cattle cattle cattle cattle cattle Reduce the (Anthra (Anthra (Anthra (Anthra (Anthra prevalence of x) x) x) x) x) major livestock 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 disease cattle cattle cattle cattle cattle (Black- (Black- (Black- (Black- (Black- leg) leg) leg) leg) leg) Construction of District level Diagnostic and District Office 1 DVS/MoFL/LA Preparatory Laboratory Develop and conduct awareness campaigns on All wards 2 2 2 2 2 DVS, LA zoonotic diseases Construction of abattoir Katima Mulilo Ward 1 MoFL/LA Completion of the construction of abattoir at Nakatindi Ward 1 MoFL/LA Simahwehwe 116 | P a g e 117 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Objective To increase livestock production and Productivity by 80% in the district by 2034 Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Livestock Establishment of a goat Katongo Ward 1 MoFL/LA Production breeding centre Establishment of Livestock Katongo, Kalobolelwa 1 1 MoFL/LA Service Centre Training farmers in various Enhance access livestock production All wards 100 100 100 100 100 MoFL/LA to improved system Livestock breeds Establishment of an breeding and Artificial Mulimambango Ward 1 MoFL/LA Insemination Centre Production of Livestock District Office 100 100 100 100 100 MoFL materials in Local language Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Establishment of Two Katongo, Maondo 1 1 MoFL Rangelands Access to Livestock Promotion of pasture 25 25 25 25 25 improved animal All wards MoFL Production production among farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers nutrition Promotion of pasture 25 25 25 25 25 All wards MoFL production among farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Livestock Construction of 8 MoFL, Works All Wards 2 2 2 2 Development Livestock Camp houses Department, LA Lobby for the Recruitment of 10 Livestock Extension All Wards 10 MoFL, LA Officers Procurement of 10 Motor Enhance Service bikes for Livestock camp All wards 5 5 MoFL, LA delivery to extension officers Livestock farmers Procurement of 10 Livestock kits for All wards/camps 10 MoFL, LA Livestock Extension Officers Installation of 10 Solar All wards/camps 10 MoFL, LA system to all camp houses 117 | P a g e 118 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Objective To increase livestock production and Productivity by 80% in the district by 2034 Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Livestock Establishment of a goat Katongo Ward 0 1 0 0 0 MoFL/LA Production breeding centre Establishment of Livestock Katongo, Kalobolelwa 0 1 0 1 0 MoFL/LA Service Centre Training farmers in various Enhance access livestock production All wards 100 100 100 100 100 MoFL/LA to improved system Livestock breeds Establishment of an breeding and Artificial Mulimambango Ward 0 1 0 0 0 MoFL/LA Insemination Centre Production of Livestock District Office 100 100 100 100 100 MoFL materials in Local language Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Establishment of Two Katongo, Maondo 0 1 1 0 0 MoFL Rangelands Access to Livestock Promotion of pasture 25 25 25 25 25 improved animal All wards MoFL Production production among farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers nutrition Promotion of pasture 25 25 25 25 25 All wards MoFL production among farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Livestock Construction of 8 MoFL, Works All Wards 2 2 2 2 0 Development Livestock Camp houses Department, LA Lobby for the Recruitment of 10 Livestock Extension All Wards 0 10 0 0 0 MoFL, LA Officers Procurement of 10 Motor Enhance Service bikes for Livestock camp All wards 0 5 5 0 0 MoFL, LA delivery to extension officers Livestock farmers Procurement of 10 Livestock kits for All wards/camps 10 0 0 0 0 MoFL, LA Livestock Extension Officers Installation of 10 Solar All wards/camps 0 10 0 0 0 MoFL, LA system to all camp houses 118 | P a g e 119 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal To enhance Fisheries and Livestock Agribusiness promotion, Markets and Exports Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Training farmers in Enhance livestock Market Information All Wards/camps 145 145 145 145 145 MoFL livestock marketing market Collection of Livestock information All camps/Wards 75 75 75 75 75 MoFL Market Information Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Market Establishment of Livestock Maondo/Katongo 1 1 1 1 MoFL/LA Infrastructure markets Kalobolelwa, Luampungu Access to Linking farmers to both livestock markets internal and external All Wards/camps 120 80 100 100 100 MoFL Markets Establishment of a small Kalobolelwa/Katongo 1 1 MoFL, LA ruminant Bulking Centre Promote Cooperative Registration of 2,000 participation of All wards/camp 200 200 200 200 200 MoFL Development livestock Cooperative Women and Youth in Facilitation of Import and Department of Livestock and Trade promotion Export Permits Katima Mulilo Border 650 650 700 700 700 Marketing Aquaculture Linking farmers to Department of farming Financial Support 50 70 90 120 150 Breeding Stock Financing Marketing Goal 2: To improve Health, Food and Nutrition Objectives To improve health care in Sesheke district by 2034 Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Officer Conduct active case search on notifiable Across the district 52 52 52 52 52 DSO/PHO diseases Conducting food safety Across the district 52 52 52 52 52 EHO Conduct inspection of Strengthen public Disease prevention premises Across the district 52 52 52 52 52 EHO health and control Infection prevention and Across the district 12 12 12 12 12 EHO control Occupational health Across the district 4 4 4 4 4 EHO Water quality monitoring Across the district 12 12 12 12 12 EHO Salt testing for iodine Across the district 52 52 52 52 52 EHO 119 | P a g e 120 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Swabbing of premises Across the district 12 12 12 12 12 EHO Vector control Across the district 4 4 4 4 4 EHO IRS under malaria Across the district 1 1 1 1 1 MEO Larviciding under malaria, Across the district 4 4 4 4 4 MEO Distribution on LLIN under Malaria (once every after 3 Across the district x x MEO years) Case management Across the district 52 52 52 52 52 MEO Malaria Task force meeting Across the district 4 4 4 4 4 DSO/PHO Dependi Dependi Dependi Dependi Dependi ng on ng on ng on ng on ng on the Conduct contact tracing Where cases are detected the the the the DSO/PHO cases cases cases cases cases detecte detected detected detected detected d Health education Conduct community Across the District 4 4 4 4 4 HPO promotion meetings Conduct focus group discussions (antenatal, Across the District 4 4 4 4 4 HPO family planning, child health clinics etc) (weekly) Engage ZANIS for Public Across the district 8 8 8 8 8 HPO announcements Stakeholder engagement meeting for dissemination District health office 1 1 1 1 1 HPO of health information Lobby for a community Across the district 1 Council Secretary radio station Integrated Maternal and Maternal reproductive health Across the district 52 52 52 52 52 MCH healthcare (ANc,Deliveries, postnatal, PMTCT etc) Immunisations (Weekly) Across the district MCH Child survival Growth monitoring 52 52 52 52 52 Across the district MCH development promotion (Weekly) Postnatal (Weekly) Across the district 52 52 52 52 52 MCH 120 | P a g e 121 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Conduct demand creation Family planning on the various methods of Across the district 4 4 4 4 4 MCH promotion family planning Epidemic Conduct quarterly preparedness and epidemic preparedness District health office 4 4 4 4 4 DHD control meeting Conduct rapid response District health office 4 4 4 4 4 DSO meeting (Quarterly) Restocking epidemic preparedness corner District health office 4 4 4 4 4 District pharmacist (drugs, equipments disinfectants etc) Conduct one health District health office 4 4 4 4 4 DHD approach meeting Conduct Health Mental health and All communities 36 36 36 36 36 COP outreaches (monthly) substance abuse Conduct mentorship to all management All facilities 22 22 22 22 22 COP health facilities Conduct daily screening at Health security and Katima border 365 365 365 365 365 DSO port health surveillance Conduct food inspection Katima border 365 365 365 365 365 EHO Strategy 2 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Sizuka HP, Lusu East HP, Construct maternity Lilonga HP, Liseli HP, 2 2 2 0 0 DHD annexes Chivula HP & Yeta hospital Imusho Ward (2),Namgoma Ward (4), Increase access Mulimambango Ward (1), Infrastructure Construction of Health to quality health Kalobolelwa (1), 2 4 3 3 1 DHD development facilities care Luampungu (3), Lusu Ward (3), Maondo ward (1) Construction of staff All the facilities 2 2 2 2 0 DHD houses (Semi-detatched) Renovations of staff Silumbu RHC, Kalobolelwa 2 2 2 2 0 DHD houses RHC, 121 | P a g e 122 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Imusho RHC, Neongelo HP, Mulimambango RHC, Mukusi RHC, Maondo & Yeta Hospital Yeta Hospital, Sizuka HP, Construction of Imusho RHC, Lilonga HP, 1 1 1 2 DHD Incinerators Lusu East HP & Chivula HP Construction of District Sesheke Urban 1 DHD health offices Constrcution of Mother All the facilities 4 4 4 4 5 DHD shelters Construction of District Sesheke Urban 1 DHD Pharmacy Construction of Nursing school Administration Sesheke Urban 1 DHD block Construction of Nursing Sesheke Urban 1 DHD school classes Construction of a mortuary Katima mini hospital 1 DHD at Katima Mini Hospital Construction of a mini Kachola 1 DHD hospital in Kachola Conduct monthly stock review and redistribution All the health facilities 12 12 12 12 12 District Pharmacist of drugs Procure drugs for all the Medicines and All the health facilities 12 12 12 12 12 District Pharmacist health facilities medical supply Disposal of expired drugs All the health facilities 4 4 4 4 4 District Pharmacist chain management Maintenance of cold chain All the health facilities 4 4 4 4 4 District Pharmacist equipment Order drugs from ZAMSA All the health facilities 12 12 12 12 12 District Pharmacist monthly 122 | P a g e 123 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Servicing of ambulance District Health Office 4 4 4 4 4 HR and utility motor vehicles Equipment and Insurance of ambulance District Health Office 1 1 1 1 1 HR transport and utility motor vehicles procurement and Procurement of Beds and All Facilities 4 4 4 4 4 HR maintenance Linen Servicing and repair of All Health facilities 12 12 12 12 12 HR motorbikes Health insurance Enrol all civil servant and Across the district 52 52 52 52 52 HR promotion elderly people on NHIMA Mobile health DHO, Hospital & mini Procure 3 ambulances 1 1 1 DHD services hospital Servicing of ambulance District Health Office 4 4 4 4 4 HR and utility motor vehicles Equipment and Insurance of ambulance District Health Office 1 1 1 1 1 HR transport and utility motor vehicles procurement and Procurement of Beds and All Facilities 4 4 4 4 4 HR maintenance Linen Servicing and repair of All Health facilities 12 12 12 12 12 HR motorbikes Health insurance Enrol all civil servant and Across the district 52 52 52 52 52 HR promotion elderly people on NHIMA Mobile health DHO, Hospital & mini Procure 3 ambulances 1 1 1 DHD services hospital Procure 24 motorbikes District Health Office 5 5 5 5 4 DHD Engage Lewanika general Specialised health Hospital to conduct Across the district 4 4 4 4 CCO services outreaches in the district Support staff on the Human Development plan Across the district 1 1 1 1 1 HR Human resource to go to school development Mentorship of staff on Human resource Across the district 1 1 1 1 1 HR Development (annually) 123 | P a g e 124 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Strategy 3 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Training facility staff in Enhance food Infant and young child All facilities 4 4 4 4 4 Nutritionist Scaling-up security and feeding (IYCF) emergency nutrition nutrition Training CBVS in IYCF All facilities 4 4 4 4 4 Nutritionist emergency Active cases finding in All facilities 4 4 4 4 4 Nutritionist IYCF Formation of nutrition All facilities 4 4 4 4 4 Nutritionist clusters Cooking demostrations All facilities 4 4 4 4 4 Nutritionist Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition All facilities 4 4 4 4 4 Nutritionist (IMAM) Train teachers in feeding Allschools 4 4 4 4 4 Nutritionist Supplementary program school feeding Train parents in feeding All facilities 4 4 4 4 4 Nutritionist program Facilitate institutional Nutritional capacity building in key Ministry of Community institutional sector departments like development, education, 2 2 2 2 2 Nutritionist governance community development, local government strengthening education and local government. Facilitate and co-ordinate Sustainable food All schools and nutrition programmes with 2 2 2 2 2 Nutritionist systems promotion ministry of agriculture. Health facilities Facilitate and co-ordinate nutrition programmes with All schools and 1 1 1 1 1 Nutritionist ministry of health and Supplementation agricultures. Health facilities and micro-nutrients Sensitise people on the fortification importance on micro All schools and 1 1 1 1 1 Nutritionist nutrients and food fortifiction Health facilities 124 | P a g e 125 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Conduct a research on All facilities and selected nutritional status of under households in Katima and 1 1 1 1 1 Nutritionist five children in Sesheke. Sesheke urban. Conduct a massive Mid All facilities and selected Research and upper arm circumference households in Katima and 1 1 1 1 1 Nutritionist development (MUAC) screening Sesheke urban. All facilities and selected Conduct a survey on food households in Katima and 1 1 1 1 1 Nutritionist security in Sesheke. Sesheke urban. Train instutitutions on the Institutional Agriculture, community importance of good 2 2 2 2 2 Nutritionist feeding development, prisons etc. nutrition Strategy 4 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Conduct integrated Integrated health activities with partner Across the district 30 40 50 60 70 Planner care financing support Strengthen Conduct orientations on integrated health data management and All health facilities 22 22 22 22 22 DHIO information Health information reporting systems management Updating and maintenance system integration of health information All health facilities 22 22 22 22 22 DHIO systems (Smart care) 125 | P a g e 126 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREA 2: HUMAN AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Goal 1: Improved Education and Skills Development Objective To increase access to inclusive quality education by 25% by 2034 Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Responsible Agency Construction of more All the needy school 10 10 10 15 10 CDF/MoE classrooms Early childhood Procurement of age- education All the needy schools 1750 250 CDF appropriate desks Teacher recruitment Needy schools 6 12 6 3 3 MoE Construction of more All the needy schools 10 15 10 10 15 CDF classrooms Primary education Procurement of desks All the needy schools 3741 CDF (double seater) Teacher recruitment 15 15 15 15 15 MoE Inclusive Construct classrooms Sesheke Day 3 education designed for LSEN Enhance access Katima, Imusho, Maondo, to quality, Adult literacy Establish literacy centres Nakatindi, Kalobolelwa, 4 3 MoE equitable and in schools Kaale, Mutemwa primary inclusive Construction of more education Maondo 6 6 6 6 6 CDF/ classrooms Construction of science 3 3 3 3 3 MoE and computer labs Secondary Procurement of desks Maondo 1200 CDF education (Single) Maondo Day, Sesheke Day, Katima Day, Recruitment of Teachers Kalobolelwa Day, Lusu 15 10 10 10 10 MoE East Day & Sesheke Boarding Construct a Boarding and Luampungu Boarding and 1 1 Day secondary schools Silolo Day 126 | P a g e 127 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREA 2: HUMAN AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Goal 1: Improved Education and Skills Development Objective To increase access to inclusive quality education by 25% by 2034 Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Responsible Agency Construction of more All the needy school 10 10 10 15 10 CDF/MoE classrooms Early childhood Procurement of age- education All the needy schools 1750 250 CDF appropriate desks Teacher recruitment Needy schools 6 12 6 3 3 MoE Construction of more All the needy schools 10 15 10 10 15 CDF classrooms Primary education Procurement of desks All the needy schools 3741 CDF (double seater) Teacher recruitment 15 15 15 15 15 MoE Inclusive Construct classrooms Sesheke Day 3 education designed for LSEN Enhance access Katima, Imusho, Maondo, to quality, Adult literacy Establish literacy centres Nakatindi, Kalobolelwa, 4 3 MoE equitable and in schools Kaale, Mutemwa primary inclusive Construction of more education Maondo 6 6 6 6 6 CDF/ classrooms Construction of science 3 3 3 3 3 MoE and computer labs Secondary Procurement of desks Maondo 1200 CDF education (Single) Maondo Day, Sesheke Day, Katima Day, Recruitment of Teachers Kalobolelwa Day, Lusu 15 10 10 10 10 MoE East Day & Sesheke Boarding Construct a Boarding and Luampungu Boarding and 1 1 Day secondary schools Silolo Day 127 | P a g e 128 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Monitor the Human resource implementation of CPD in All the primary schools MoE development schools Construction of Ablution 10 10 10 10 10 CDF/ facilities in schools All the needy schools Infrastructure Construction of staff 4 3 4 3 4 MoE development houses Rehabilitation of Ngweze, Kaale, 2 2 2 2 CDF/MoE classrooms Kalobolelwa, Luampungu, Luampungu, Ngweze, Imusho, Katima, Sesheke Rehabilitation of staff Boarding, Sesheke Day, 1 2 2 2 2 CDF/MoE houses Kalobolelwa, Maondo, Silumbu Rehabilitation of DEB DEB offices 3 CDF/MoE offices -Sesheke barding, Sesheke Implement online learning Day, Katima Day, platforms Nakatindi Day ICT promotion Kalobolelwa Day, 9 9 9 9 MoE Conduct teacher training Luampungu primary, and capacity building on Imusho Day, Lusu East ICT usage. Day, Silolo Primary Sesheke boarding STEM Create a STEM school 1 secondary Monitor the Menstrual hygiene implementation of 70 70 70 70 70 70 MoE promotion Menstrual hygiene education in schools Strategy 2 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Responsible Agency Increased access Infrastructure Construct a college of to higher Mulimambango ward 1 CDF/MoE development education education 128 | P a g e 129 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Strategy 3 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Responsible Agency Enhance science, technology and STEM innovation Strategy 4 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Responsible Agency Improved technical, vocational and TEVET entrepreneurship skills Digital skill and -Establish a skills training Luampungu 1 MoE/Partners development centre Objective To increase investment in Water Resources Development and Management Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Department of Water Construction of dams and Luampungu, Nangombe, Water Harvesting 0 1 1 1 1 Resources reservoirs imusho and Sonso Development Enhance Ground Water Construction of monitoring Department of Water management and Resources Boreholes 10 wards 2 2 2 2 2 Resources productive use of Development Aquifer Mapping Development water Resources Community mobilisation Department of Water Water Resources and sensitisation on 10 wards 1 1 1 1 1 Resources Management management of water Development resources Regulate drilling and management of water WARMA and resources Aquifer and water Department of Water Regulate development and 10 wards 1 1 1 1 1 source protection Resources planning to avoid Development development/Construction in recharge zones 129 | P a g e 130 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 GOAL 3: TO IMPROVE WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION Objective to ensure sustainable and equitable access to safe water supply and adequate sanitation Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Drilling of new Boreholes 10 Wards 20 20 20 20 20 Rehabilitation of defunct 10 Wards 15 15 15 15 15 Boreholes Local Authority and Improve access to Infrastructure Department of Water clean and safe development and Construction of Dams and Luampungu, Nangombe, 0 1 1 1 1 reservoirs Sonso and Imusho Resources water supply maintenance Upgrading of water Development infrastructure into water 10 Wards 4 4 4 4 4 schemes Local Authority and Department of Water Water sampling 10 Wards 20 20 20 20 20 Water quality Resources monitoring Development and Monitoring 5 Wards 5 5 5 5 5 Department of Health Borehole disinfection 10 Wards 20 20 20 20 20 Objective To Manage the district forest resources in order to maximize productivity and the development potential of the forest resources by 2034 Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Forestry Department Conduct Forest and local 10 protected forest Forest Protection 120 130 140 160 180 and Cooperating patrols reserves partners Afforestation and Forestry Department Forest Protection All wards 100 ha 150 ha 200 ha 250 ha 300 ha Reduce the reforestation and CPs deforestation rate All forest reserves and Promotion of natural 40,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 Forestry Department from 11% to 9% Forest Protection Community Forests in the 20,000ha regeneration ha ha ha ha and CPs District Maintenance of forest Forestry Department Forest Protection All forest reserves 1,200ha 2,000ha 2,500ha 3,000ha 3,500ha boundaries and CPs Undertake a national Forest Protection All forest reserves 1 forest inventory 130 | P a g e 131 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Promote Community Forest Forest Protection Management To improve the Luampungu, Manza, Forestry Department, conservation and Lumbe, Muyatwa, Njoko, 163,942 170,000 180,000 190,000 200,000 Promote Community Forest LA and CPs management of Forest Protection Management Ngaambwe forest resources and ecosystems. Wild fire management Forestry Department, Forest Protection All wards 1 plan LA and CPs Objective To strengthen and develop human capacity of extension skills and a service delivery framework to effectively and Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Community sensitization Forestry Department Forestry Extension All the wards 30 30 32 40 40 meetings and CPs Forestry Department Increase forest Forestry Extension Radio programs All the wards 12 12 12 12 12 and CPs extension services from 5% Promotion of income Forestry Department Forestry Extension generating activity (Forest All wards 40 40 40 40 40 to 22% and CPs product user groups) Procurement of at least 7 Forestry Department Forestry Extension All wards - 2 2 3 - motorbikes and CPs Strengthen Promotion of agro- Training communities on Forestry Department forestry practice Forestry Extension Agro-forestry practice and All wards 30 30 30 30 30 and CPs and mother mother Orchards Orchards Strengthen multi- sector Develop guidelines on Forestry Department Forestry Extension All wards 1 coordination on forest land-use and CPs forest land-use Increase value addition for wood Train forest based Forestry Department and non-wood Forestry Extension entrepreneurs in value All wards 20 20 20 20 20 and CPs forest products. addition 131 | P a g e 132 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal To Increase Solid Waste Collection Efficiency by 2034 Objective To enhance waste collection in the district Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Solid Waste Preparation of a Solid Sesheke District 1 LA Management waste management plan Main market (2) Construction of refuse Kaunda square market (1) SWM bays 6 at all markets in the 2 2 2 Katima Mulilo market (2) district Nakatindi Market (1) Promote the ease Main market (5) of collection and disposal of Solid SWM Procurement of at least 20 Kaunda square market (5) 4 4 4 4 4 LA refuse wheel bins Katima Mulilo market (5) Nakatindi Market (5) Main market (2) Installation of at least 6 Kaunda square market (1) SWM LA skip bins Katima Mulilo market (2) Nakatindi Market (1) Procure a compactor truck Sesheke district 1 LA Procurement of Skip Truck Sesheke district 1 Promote the Construction of Refuse efficiency in Katima Mulilo Ward 2 2 Bay solid waste SWM Construction of Refuse reduction at Mulimambango Ward 2 2 Bay the dumpsite Construction of Refuse Nakatindi Ward 2 2 Bay Procurement of Skip bins Mulimambango Ward 6 Procurement of Skip bins Nakatindi ward 6 132 | P a g e 133 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal: To provide conducive environment for private investors and promote value addition for local product Objective Promote stakeholder participation by 80% in the artisan and small-scale farmers and value addition sector groups by 2029 Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Formation of artisans and small- Community sensitization MLG&RD, MCTI, scale farmers and All wards 1 1 1 1 1 meetings MSMED and MoA value addition groups Creation of a District Joint Monitoring Programme All Wards 1 MLG&RD Team (JMPT) Site visitation by a joint Formation of JMPT M&E team for data MLG&RD, MCTI, collection on District All wards 10 10 10 10 10 Promote MSMED and MoA resources in specific areas stakeholder of the District participation in Formation of the artisan and Cooperatives and 1. Facilitation of MLG&RD, MCTI, small-scale formation of cooperatives All Wards 10 20 30 40 50 value addition MSMED and MoA farming and value groups and value addition groups addition sector 2. Facilitation of MLG&RD, MCTI, engagement of businesses All wards 2 2 2 2 2 MSMED and MoA, Creation of a with suppliers and buyers Forestry Dep. business forum MLG&RD, MCTI, Stakeholder engagement All Wards 1 1 1 1 1 MSMED and MoA, Forestry Dep. Monitoring of farmers, cooperatives, groups and MLG&RD, MCTI, businesses involved in All Wards 1 1 1 1 1 MSMED and MoA, value addition in the Forestry District 133 | P a g e 134 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Exchange Visit - Peer MLG&RD, MCTI, Facilitation of an review (best performing 1 1 1 1 1 MSMED and MoA, exchange visit District) Forestry Dep. Training of Training of cooperatives, cooperatives in farmers and groups All Wards 1 1 MoA and MSMED value addition engaged in value addition Facilitate the MLG&RD, MCTI, holding of a Hold a District Symposium District CBD 1 1 MSMED and MoA, District symposium Forestry Dep. MLG&RD, MCTI, Hold a District Expo District CBD 1 MSMED and MoA, Forestry Dep. STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREA 1: ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND JOB CREATION Goal: To Industrialize and Diversify the Local Economy for Sesheke Objective To promote Value-addition and manufacturing by 70% by 2029 Responsible Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Agency Promotion of MOC, MOA, Establish Value chains All Wards 2 2 2 2 2 value chains MLG&RD Nakatindi, Luampungu, Construct a modern Increase the Lusu, Katima Mulilo and 1 1 1 1 1 MOC, MOA, Promote value- processing factory proportion of Imusho addition and packaged finished manufacturing Install new packaging product All Wards 1 1 1 1 1 MOC, MOA machine and solar driers Establishment of Establish Market All Wards 4 4 4 4 4 MOC, MOA market linkages linkages Increase Mulimambango, Katima MLG&RD, CARE Construction of manufacturing Mulilo, Luampungu, 1 1 2 Ministry of manufacturing industries industries Lusu and Commerce 134 | P a g e 135 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal: To create an enabling environment for investor confidence Objective Promote local investors by 70% in all sectors of economy by 2029 Responsible Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Agency MLG&RD, CARE Investment Source for investors in Within Zambia 5 5 5 5 5 Ministry of promotion the commerce sector Commerce Formation of Establishment of MLG&RD, CARE aggregation aggregation centres and All Wards 5 5 5 5 5 Ministry of centres value addition Commerce MLG&RD, CARE Create Market linkages Eliminate All wards 5 5 5 5 5 Ministry of and centres barriers to local Commerce Increase economy MLG&RD, CARE publicity on development Advertisement Zambia 2 4 4 4 5 Ministry of investor Commerce confidence Formalisation of MLG&RD, CARE Cooperatives and SMEs Cooperatives and Sesheke 50 50 60 60 60 Ministry of registration SMEs Commerce Capacity building MLG&RD, CARE Stakeholder in low cost food Sesheke 4 4 4 4 4 Ministry of consultative meetings. preservation Commerce Sensitization meetings to MLG&RD, CARE Capacity building potential investors and Sesheke 4 4 4 4 4 Ministry of Eliminate in low cost food traditional leaders Commerce barriers to local preservation 3. Trainings 4 4 4 4 4 MLG&RD, CARE economy Ministry of development Monitoring of progress MLG&RD, CARE Monitoring and in the sector and engage All wards 8 8 8 8 8 Ministry of evaluation players in the sector Commerce 135 | P a g e 136 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 MLG&RD, CARE Conduct facilitation of All wards 1 1 1 1 1 Ministry of business plan/proposals Commerce Capacity building 2. SMSEs linked to MLG&RD, CARE business opportunities in All wards 2 2 2 2 2 Ministry of various sectors Commerce Sensitization meetings to MLG&RD, CARE potential investors and Sesheke 4 4 4 4 4 Ministry of Capacity building traditional leaders Commerce in low cost food Eliminate MLG&RD, CARE preservation barriers to local 3. Trainings 4 4 4 4 4 Ministry of economy Commerce development Monitoring of progress MLG&RD, CARE Monitoring and in the sector and engage All wards 8 8 8 8 8 Ministry of evaluation players in the sector Commerce MLG&RD, CARE Conduct facilitation of All wards 1 1 1 1 1 Ministry of business plan/proposals Commerce Capacity building 2. SMSEs linked to MLG&RD, CARE business opportunities in All wards 2 2 2 2 2 Ministry of various sectors Commerce 136 | P a g e 137 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Objective To increase investment in the Energy subsector by 3% over the period of the plan Responsible Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Agency Construction of solar Enhance plants generation, All the but prioritising 1 (25 1(50 1 (25 1 (25 1 (50 Electricity Encouragement of transmission and the Rural wards e.g. Mega Mega Mega Mega Mega ZESCO generation individual households to distribution of Luampungu, Imusho Watts) Watts) Watts Watts) Watts) purchase rooftop solar electricity technology Participation in the implantation of the All the wards in the Electricity interconnection of district that are 3 2 transmission and 1 ward 1 ward 1 ward ZESCO electricity transmission connected to the wards wards distribution of Zambia, Zimbabwe, national grid Namibia and Botswana Introduction of eco- Green and friendly energy sources Renewable All the wards 1 1 1 1 1 ZESCO such as wind, solar, mini Energy hydro plant Enhance Petroleum pricing management of and supply petroleum management products Investment in the Infrastructure alternative fuel such as development animal dung 137 | P a g e 138 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

5.0 SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

5.1 Alternative Spatial Development Scenarios

5.1.1. SCENARIO 1: Spatial Development Concept Focusing on Corridor Development. The Corridor concept is a concept that is grounded on the ideology of the development of the transportation routes in the district that lead to key infrastructure and production zones. The most significant issues that are currently affecting the district can be linked to the poor transportation system in the district. Sesheke District is commonly known for Timber production, being a border town neighbouring Namibia and possessing beautiful scenic views of the Zambezi River. The presence of the Katima Mulilo border is key for the transportation of goods to international markets and overseas and this gives Sesheke comparative advantage over other districts and thus cardinal for economic development. Figure 20: Showing the Development Corridors Scenario 138 | P a g e 139 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 There are six transportation corridors that need to be developed for economic development and growth and these are as follows; ƒ M10 Trunk Road. This road carries much importance as it links the rest of Zambia to the Namibian market. The M10 trunk road is characterised with Tarmac from Livingstone to Kazungula, then a gravelled stretch of 76 kilometres from Kazungula to Mwandi (Simungoma) and a tarmac from Sesheke to Mongu that also branches off to Katima Mulilo border post. It is approximately 7 kilometres from Sesheke Central Business District to the Katima Mulilo border post in Katima Mulilo ward. Considering the importance that road this carries, upgrading the entire stretch of this road to bituminous standard will open up not only the district but also the province because this road is the entry route into the province from the capital city Lusaka via Livingstone. This route is also ideal for the exporting of minerals to international markets further emphasizing its economic benefits. ƒ Sesheke - Mazaba – Katete Road (via Lilonga) The Sesheke-Mazaba-Katete road is approximately 65 kilometres from Sesheke Central Business District. It connects the rest of the district to the eastern wards of the district. The road is characterised with a partially gravelled surface for a stretch of about 50 kilometres and 15 kilometres sandy soils. The Sesheke airstrip has been heavily encroached by residential developments as such, has plans of relocating the airstrip Lilonga area. The putting up an airstrip along this road will act as a pull factor for development in this area. Constructing of an airstrip will have trickle down effects to the local people of the area such as employment opportunities, electricity connectivity and communication towers. The area around this road is ideal for maize production; therefore, rehabitation of this road will ease the transportation of farming inputs and produce. ƒ Sesheke – Lusu -Nsonso Road (via Luampungu) 190 kilometres The Sesheke-Lusu-Nsonso road connects three wards in a linear fashion i.e. Lusu ward, Nangombe and Luampungu ward. This road is characterised by sandy soils making driving along this road challenging. Upgrading this road to gravel standard will improve accessibility and connectivity in this region of the district because this road eventually connects to Senanga and Mulobezi districts via Nang’ombe and Luampungu wards respectively. The three wards connected by this road have various natural resource endowments that can be exploited for the development of the area. ƒ Sesheke - Luchwe Road The Sesheke-Luchwe road connects Mulimabango, Lusu, Luampungu and Nangombe wards. The advantage of upgrading this road is that it will improve the potential of the wards by exploiting lumbering, sugarcane and rice growing that has potential of thriving in these wards. The area also has tributaries of the Zambezi such Lumbe river, Njoko River, Nsonso River and Luampungu River that can be utilised for irrigation, gardening, transportation and fishing purposes. ƒ Silumbu-Imusho road (via Kapau) 139 | P a g e 140 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The Silumbu Imusho road connects the two wards Silumbu and Imusho wards via Kapau. Upgrading this road will increase the accessibility and connectivity of the two wards. Imusho is a ward in the Game Management Area thus opening up this area will market the tourism of sesheke district. ƒ Katima - Mbao road (Cutline) The Katima - Mbao road connects Katima mulilo ward and Imusho ward. Imusho border is still under developed and is porous when it comes to movement of poachers and illegally hunted game meat and tasks because the security at the border post is not tight. Construction of a good road and rehabilitation of the Imusho border post will help tighten the security of the area also increase accessibility to the area. However, the area in question is known to have land mines that was a consequence of the civil wars in the area. There is therefore need to demine the area to ensure absolute safety of the inhabitants. ƒ Imusho border - Mbao Road The Namibian government has constructed a tarmac from Kongola to Imusho border area, however from Imusho border to Mbao Primary school, the road is sandy thus there is need to continue the tarmac from where the Namibian government left to all way to Mbao primary school. Opening up this road will help improve trade between Namibian and Zambia. Imusho is known for the supply of devils crawl and fish, which can increase economic activities for Imusho.

5.1.1.1. Advantages of Employing the Corridor Concept. Easy Transportation of Goods and Services The transportation sector is known as the heart of the economy, thus improving the transport sector inevitably improves the economy. One of the challenges Sesheke district faces is the difficulty of transporting goods and services to and from places. This is so because majority of the roads are characterised with sandy soils hence not all transportation mediums can be utilised on the roads. The roads demand that only vehicles with four-wheel drive mechanisms are used. The challenges associated with the roads translate to high cost of transportation of goods and services. The development of the major roads in the district will greatly improve the transportation system in the district leading to efficient and effective delivery of goods and services thus overly improving the economy of the district. Easy Accessibility to Key Infrastructure in the District The majority of the facilities in the district are located in areas far away from the main road and the feeder roads leading to them are in a deplorable state characterised by lots of sand. The development of the transportation system will make it easy for the delivery of services to the various communities. Commodities such as medicines, Education materials, agriculture products etc. will easily be delivered to various social amenities located within the district. Increase in human and vehicle traffic moving in and out of the district. Focusing on improving the corridor concept of spatial development will open up the district and improve accessibility to the district. The upgrading of the roads from gravel and sandy to 140 | P a g e 141 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 bituminous standard will greatly increase the traffic inflow and outflow of the district. An increase in traffic possesses many benefits to the district especially in the commercial sector, as businesses will thrive due to increase in traffic. Cheap Labour The improvement of the transportation network leads to an increase in the number of people coming to settle along the transportation routes, the Central Business District and the District at large. An increase in population inflow in the district translates to cheap labour as more people will be available in the district to serving as human resource hence bargain opportunities arise.

5.1.1.2. Disadvantages of the employment of the corridor concept. Overpopulation Improving the road network in Sesheke District will entail a number of economic benefits hence this will result in increased migration of people flocking to Sesheke District. The increase of people migrating into the district will eventually lead to overpopulation in some areas, as people will want to settle where there are economically vibrant. Environmental Degradation The improvement of the transportation system acts as a pull factor for people to settle in the district. The increase in the number of people in the district will mean increased demand for land to be used for human settlements and agricultural purposes. This increased demand will lead to clearing of large parcels of land leading to Environmental Degradation.

5.1.2. SCENARIO 2: Spatial Development Concept focusing on growth Poles. The concept of growth poles can be applied in Sesheke District by focusing on areas such as Zambezi Sawmills, Katongo, Katima Mulilo, Silolo, Kalobolelwa, Silumbu. Imusho and Luampungu as growth poles. The development currently taking place there is minimal but has the potential of becoming major economic hubs in the district. The already existing Katima Mulilo Business District in Katima Mulilo ward will become the primary growth poles and the rest of the areas will be secondary growth poles. The adoption of growth poles will foster diversion of resources to the growth poles in order to ensure that development is attained. Growth pole development improves efficiency as it provides easy access to services by the local people. 141 | P a g e 142 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 21: Showing the Growth Poles in the IDP Area The selection of the growth poles is based on the following social-economic data. ƒ Zambezi Saw mills Area This is an area with a moderately high population density as people come to settle for employment purposes at the Zambezi Saw mills, a timber processing company. The area has an already existing Timber Processing Plant though privately owned. Investments in the similar line of business can be encouraged to open up more timber plants and improve employment opportunities to the local people. Sesheke district is one of the districts that receives the highest radiation in the district. This presence of high solar radiation offers an opportunity of engaging in the production of solar energy in the region. There are already plans to put up a solar plant in the area that can help alleviate the power challenges that the district is currently facing. The high temperatures of the district coupled with the presence of the Zambezi is a ripe opportunity of cooling off the heat. Saw mills is home is home to a number of sand beaches that can serve as recreation centres for outdoor activities especially in summer time. There are also a presence of lodges in the area for hospitality purposes to accommodate visitors in the district ƒ Katima Mulilo Area Katima Mulilo border area acts as a link between Zambia and Namibia. The border is the entry and exit point of goods entering and leaving the country to and from other countries and or 142 | P a g e 143 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 continents. The already existing Katima Mulilo border creates a vibrant economy for Katima Mulilo that can birth industries such as commercial developments, shopping malls, filling stations, casinos, lodges and other border related infrastructure. Apart from being a border area, Katima Mulilo has scenic views of the Zambezi River that has great tourism potential. Hotels and lodges can be developed this area so that visitors can enjoy and appreciate the natural feature. The area has a timber processing signifying the presence of the timber resources in and around the area. Exploitation in the timber industry can further provide increased employment opportunities of the district. ƒ Silolo area Silolo growth pole is located on the western part of the district along the M10 road enroute to Mongu, the provincial capital. Silolo area is home to the only quarry in the district i.e. Katima Stones. The majority of the quarry-mined at katima stones is exported to Namibia thus providing a readily available market for the product. Furthermore, the presence of a lot of sand in the district is an opportunity to exploit the sand mining sector. The growing population of both Sesheke and neighbouring districts offers a ready market for sand mining as people continuously constructing. Being located only a few kilometres from Katima Mulilo, Silolo is strategically located and can be used for residential, commercial and recreational developments. The continued increase in the population of the district will entail increased in land for development of the various developments. Sililo area additionally offers opportunities in the hospitality industry, as it is strategically located along the M10 road. Lastly, timber and agricultural production are also occurring on a small scale in Silolo area but have potential to thrive if exploited commercially ƒ Kalolobolelwa area Kalobolelwa area is situated about 65 kilometres from the Central Business district, along the M10 road enroute Mongu. The area has an existing primary and secondary, a clinic and a communication tower. The secondary is being developed into a boarding school, thus this will entail the increase the inflow of people in the area. This will mean the need to construct more housing units and other supporting infrastructure to accommodate the increased population. Kalobolelwa is further situated on the elephant corridor and therefore has many elephant sightings in the area. The existence of lodges such as Kabula Lodge and Mutemwa lodge in the area coupled by the presence of the Zambezi river and wildlife is a great opportunity for tourism in the area. ƒ Imusho area Imusho Ward is an area that shares international borders with Namibia and Angola. It also home to the Sioma-Ngweze National Park. The presence of a park in the area presents a big potential in the tourism sector. The construction of lodges in the area can help create employment opportunities to the locals of the area. There is a lot of devils claw that is found in Imusho area investment, value addition and commercialisation of the devils is an opportunity possessing a lot of potential. ƒ Luampungu area Luampungu ward can host rice production as it has a number of plains that are ideal for rice production. The area can be a hub for small ruminant production due to the presence of plains that 143 | P a g e 144 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 provide pasture all year round. Partnerships can also be encouraged in the field of pasture production as the plain favours the production of naturally grown grass. Further, the area can be improved by promoting value addition on rice e.g. polishing and packaging. It can also be turned into a tourism hub due to presence of forests such as Luampungu national forest and the beautiful scenery.

5.1.2.1. Advantages of the employment of the growth pole concept Easy accessibility of services The establishment of growth poles leads to the investment of resources towards the development of key infrastructure such as health facilities, schools and planned roads. This simply means that most communities that used to travel long distances to access certain services will no longer have to cover long distances as the services needed would be within their proximity. The concept of the growth poles effectively attends to issues related to distance that communities have to cover in order to access key services in the district. Redevelopment The majority of the growth poles are derailed by the lack of spatial development planning in relation to settlement patterns. Currently social amenities and residential settlements have no layout plans that they adhere to hence chaos is rife in the growth poles. The introduction of planned growth poles will necessitate the development of a proper layout plans that will guide development in the growth poles. Redevelopment of the growth poles will give rise to other opportunities such as land banking and possibilities of assessing future needs for these poles. Migration Migration is the movement of people from one area to the other for various reasons. One of the factors that could be cited is for economic reasons. People want to settle in areas that are economically viable. The establishment and development of growth poles leads to areas becoming economically viable. Therefore, it is expected that the migration of people in the district will be towards the nodal areas leading to an increase in settlements as well as population. This makes it easy to provide services to the people as one service will be able to cater for a number of people as compared to scattered settlements.

5.1.2.2. Disadvantages of the employment of the growth pole concept Slow pace of expansion of the primary growth pole. The development of the growth pole area significantly depends on the resources that are directed towards the nodal area. In Sesheke, the primary nodal area is Katima Mulilo main located in Katima Mulilo ward hence the majority of the resources are directed to Katima Mulilo . The establishment of other nodal areas translates to the redirection of part of the resources to other nodal areas for development purposes. This simply means that the primary node, which is pivotal to the growth of the district, is likely to be deprived of the necessary resources to develop at a faster rate. 144 | P a g e 145 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Transmission of diseases The spread of diseases is in various ways and forms. One of the ways is through the migration of people from one area to the other for various purposes. The establishment and development of the nodal areas leads to the migration of people to nodal areas in order to access services easily. The movement of people from one area to the other is likely to increase the transmission of diseases, as some people may be carriers of the diseases.

5.1.3. SCENARIO 3: Utilisation of Growth Nodes Concept for Spatial Development. Nodal Development as a form of spatial development is one of the concepts that could be utilised in Sesheke District. The growth node concept puts across the ideology of identifying points of high density in the region. The identification of nodes makes it possible to direct resources to the growth areas. Currently spatial development is concentrated around the Central Business District located in Mulimabango ward. This predicament forces communities that stay very far to cover long distances to access essential services. Wards such as Imusho, Nang’ombe and Luampungu are more than 100 Kilometres from the Central Business District. Therefore, the establishment of growth nodes enhances efforts to bring essential services closer to the people. Figure 22: Showing the Growth Nodes Development Concept 145 | P a g e 146 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

1.1.1.1. Advantages of the Growth node Concept Easy accessibility of services The establishment of multiple growth nodes in the district leads to the development of the growth nodes so that services could be available in the various growth nodes. The availability of services in the growth nodes simply implies that people do not have to cover long distances to access essential services due to the location of the growth nodes. Reduction in the spread of diseases The establishment and development of growth nodes reduces the movement of people from one area to the other. The availability of services within the vicinity of the community significantly reduces the spread of diseases because community members do not have to move from one area to another to access goods and services. Promote Decentralisation of resources The spatial development of one growth area gives communities the perspective that resources are only used at the centre. In Sesheke District, the primary growth area is the Central Business District in Mulimabango ward hence the majority of the resources are directed towards the growth of the primary growth pole. The establishment and development of growth nodes will change the perspective that communities have of resources being used at the primary growth nodes, as they will see the establishment of services in various points in the district.

1.1.1.2. Disadvantages of the growth node concept Slow pace of development of the primary growth node. Resources are scarce hence, the available resources will have to be utilised on all the identified growth points.

5.1.4. CHOSEN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO Based on the three development scenarios elaborated above, the district will employ a scenario that is a combination of all the three given scenarios, these being; growth pole concept, growth node concept and corridor development concept. The development of Sesheke District is premised on the employment of all three spatial development concepts, as this will give direction concerning which activities are to be executed in the district in order to achieve the desired goals and objectives. The vision of the district is to be an inclusive and economically vibrant district by 2034. Based on the vision of the district. It is clear that the chosen spatial development scenario is one that needs to be driven by local economic development. Sesheke District has a lot of potential especially the agriculture sector, fisheries and livestock sector, commerce and trade sector and the tourism sector. In the agriculture sector, the district is endowed with flood plains that are very suitable for agricultural farming activities such as rice farming which easily be taken to the market in Mwandi, Sioma or the neighbouring country Namibia. In the wake of climate change, weather patterns are becoming more unpredictable as seen from the drought the country is experiencing. Therefore, the dry and sandy soils of the district are also ideal for cassava production that can have a higher survival rate compared to maize production. 146 | P a g e 147 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Figure 23: Map Showing the Chosen Development Scenario Sesheke is endowed with the Zambezi River that can be exploited for fish and irrigation purposes. Once the floods set in, the larger part of the district becomes a waterbed that allows fish to move from the river into the waterbeds. In addition, Sesheke District is strategically positioned as it acts as a link between Zambia and Namibia. The presence of a border in Katima Mulilo facilitates trade between the two countries. There is a high demand for commodities from Zambia in Namibia hence there is movement of people in and out of Sesheke on a regular basis through the border. This movement necessitates investments in infrastructure such as roads, lodges, houses and restaurants leading to local economic development. Livestock development in the district is key to economic prosperity especially that the district is a border town as it provides opportunities for trade in livestock with neighbouring districts and Namibia as the market destination. Areas such as sawmills, Katongo, Mazaba, Maondo and Tahalima are commonly known for livestock rearing. 147 | P a g e 148 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Human settlements in Sesheke District have followed the four key drivers of local economic development that is agriculture, fisheries and livestock and commerce and trade hence certain areas are densely populated in pursuit of benefits that the key sectors offer.

5.1.5. Identification of activities required for implementation of the spatial development framework. Community Consultations The spatial development scenario chosen advocates for the establishment and development of growth poles and growth nodes where economic activities will have base. However, some of the areas identified fall under customary land that is owned by the traditional authority. Therefore, community engagements will play a vital role in ensuring that the community is informed of the development needs to be implemented in the area for the benefit of the various communities in the region. Community consultations will help in avoiding conflicts over the land that the community are willing to provide for infrastructure development and other social developmental agendas. Identification of the Planning Boundary. Once the consultations with the communities are executed, the identification of the land extent available for spatial development is to be conducted for all the chosen growth poles and nodes. The identification of the planning boundaries calls for the agreement with the local leadership and community where the boundary of the planning area passes. Planning Agreements Once the identification of the planning boundary and community consultations are done, planning agreements with the local leadership will be fostered so that an agreement is made on how the planning of the land will be done. Planning agreements provide the right platform for spatial development especially in customary land as the local authority will be able to develop a spatial development plan that will guide development in the area. Development of a Spatial Development Plan. Spatial planning has the potential to foster rural development hence the spatial planning will be effected on the identified growth poles. A spatial development plan will need to be created and it will indicate all the necessary components of rural development such as residential areas and social amenities. The plan will act as a guide for orderly development in the growth poles and the availability of land in the growth pole will have the ability to trigger the movement of the people from far areas to areas within the plan making it easy for the provision of services to the community. Prioritised local area plans Spatial development demands that local area plans are developed for the prioritised growth poles. The following will have to be developed. 148 | P a g e 149 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Table 19: Table Showing prioritized Local Area Plans in the IDP Area S/N Local Area Plan Distance from the Primary Major Economic Activity Growth Node 1 Katima Mulilo Local area 7 Kilometres Commerce and trade Plan 2 Saw mills Local area Plan 15 Kilometers Timber, Tourism and Agriculture 3 Silolo Local area Plan 30 Kilometers Commercial, agriculture, quarrying and Toursim 4 Kalobolelwa Local area Plan 65 Kilometers Commercial, tourism and agriculture 5 Silumbu Local area Plan 80 Kilometers Commercial and Livestock Rearing 6 Imusho Local area Plan 190 tourism 7 Luampungu Local area Plan 190 Agriculture and tourism Land use planning objectives and strategies for improving, maintaining or protecting the environmental aspects of development. The composition of the spatial development framework of Sesheke District incorporates a number of land uses that would make the district function and grow economically. Importance is placed towards ensuring that haphazard development in the district is prevented by making sure that each piece of land within the planning boundary is planned before implementation of any activities or programmes within the planning boundaries. The following areas have been identified as areas that could be improved, maintained and protected. Residential Areas The land uses that have been incorporated in the spatial development framework of Sesheke District are residential areas that have been broken down into three categories that is high cost areas, medium cost areas and low cost areas. For residential areas, developers will be advised to employ sustainable methods of construction that will have less impact on the environment. Commercial Areas Amidst the presence of residential areas, the presence of commercial land uses is key as commercial areas play a cardinal role in ensuring that residential areas are made functional. Commercial areas will host the shops, business houses and shopping areas. It is therefore, important to ensure that the significance of commercial land uses are maintained and improved. Just like residential areas, developers of commercial properties are equally encouraged to employ sustainable construction methods and materials. Open Spaces 149 | P a g e 150 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Open spaces are land uses that act as air vents of the town. Their importance is seen as they are responsible for ensuring that the aesthetics of the town are maintained and protected. Additionally, open spaces play a vital function of providing a conducive environment for the people in the various communities by having fresh air in the area. Furthermore, open spaces play a critical role in addressing the effects of climate change in the district. Educational Areas Land has been reserved for education facilities in the area in order to be able to build educational infrastructure on the pieces of land. Educational facilities play a vital role in ensuring that pupils and students do not have to move to other districts to access education facilities. Therefore, the protection and maintenance of land for educational facilities is to be encouraged. Health Facilities The health of the people in the communities is cardinal as any outbreak of a disease can lead to chaos in the district and also death of people in the various communities hence land for health facilities has been identified in all the wards in the district. Social Amenities Social amenities act as complimentary land uses to other land uses such as commercial and residential areas. Social amenities include places of worship, recreational facilities and many more. Amenities play a vital role in any spatial development framework as they provide communities with the necessary facilities for communities to engage in various activities. Land Use Planning Policies and Proposals for Specific Protection Zones Forests The district is endowed with 10 gazetted forests located in various wards. The forests play a vital role in the district as a source of timber and serve as carbon sinks in combating climate related issues. The forests provide raw materials for the manufacture of furniture and as a source of herbal medicines and forest products. The protection and maintenance of forests is therefore important in order for the people to be able to improve their living standards. Roads The concept of connectivity in the district has been catered for through the provision of roads. The roads link one community to the other. A number of road networks have been identified in the district that provide opportunities for various communities to transport their goods and services from one area to the other. Agricultural Land The main economic activity in Sesheke district is farming. The vast majority of the land is utilised for farming especially rice and cassava. The community is accustomed to agricultural activities and over the years, they have been able to identify land that is suitable for agricultural uses. It is therefore important to safeguard land that is reserved for agricultural purposes, as it is the gateway 150 | P a g e 151 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 to the improvement of the livelihood of the people because they are able to practice farming in the pieces of land and the produce can be sold at various markets in and outside the district. Water Bodies The district is endowed with a number of water bodies that play a cardinal role in the economic growth of the district. The notable water bodies in the district are the Zambezi River, Njoko River Luampungu River and Lumbe River. The water bodies such as the Zambezi River is commonly used for the transportation of goods to the market and for transportation of people from one place to the other. In addition, the water bodies are a source of fish, which is sundried and sold in the local communities, as the destination market. This leads to the improvement of the standard of living of the people. The functionality of the water bodies in the District provides a compelling reason to protect and maintain the water bodies in the district Identification of planning activities required to implement the policy. Development Control One of the planning activities that could be undertaken to ensure that the land use policy is upheld is development control. The activity will involve the inspection of each and every development in the district to ascertain whether the developments currently taking place in a particular area match the land use of the area. Failure to oblige to the land use policy results in the demolition of the development as it is not permitted in a particular area. Permitted Development within the identified areas. Table 20: Showing permitted developments within identified areas Land Use Permitted Uses Residential Housing Developments Wall Fences Boreholes Water Reticulation System Sewer Systems Commercial Areas Shops Markets Shopping Malls Parking Spaces Petrol Stations Workshops Lodges Guest Houses Hotel Open Spaces Public Open spaces 151 | P a g e 152 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Playing Fields Pitch Parks Gardens Educational Areas Preschool Basic School Day Secondary school Boarding Schools Trades Schools Colleges Universities Health Facilities Health Centres Health Posts Mini Hospitals General Hospitals Teaching Hospitals Social Amenities Water Development Offices Play Parks Police Stations Place of Worship Post Office Community Halls Cemetery Forests Bee Hives Roads Drainages Bicycle Lanes Walking Lanes Access Roads Local Distributor District Distributor Primary Distributor Formulation of By-Laws Local authorities have been given the mandate to formulate by–laws. By –Laws help in ensuring that the law is implemented. The formulation of by–laws that are related to land use will enhance compliance among communities that the right development is placed on the correct land use. Failure to follow the laid out by 152 | P a g e 153 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 laws can result in the loss of the developments made on a particular piece of land hence most communities adhere to land use policies. Sensitization of the communities on land use policies. Lack of knowledge by the local communities concerning land use policies has the potential of abrogating land-use planning by the local communities. This is because they do not know what activity or development is permitted in which area hence the sensitization of the various communities on land use guidelines can lead to adherence to the land use policies that have been declared for a particular area. The community will be able to determine which type of development is conducive for a particular area resulting in orderly development in the region. Land Use Planning Policies and Proposals for Informal Settlements The existence of informal housing in the District is evident in certain parts of the district and in particular the township area. The area is characterised with poor residential houses and lacks basic services such as designated roads, standardised plot sizes and drainages for run-off water. A number of factors have contributed to the existence and growth of the informal settlement such as the need to be near the transportation trunk route of the district, which makes it easier to transport goods from Sesheke to other areas such as Namibia, Mongu, Livingstone and Lusaka. Another factor is the close proximity to the water source. The availability of the Zambezi River provides a number of opportunities for the local people, as they are able to engage in farming activities along the banks of the river and is a good water source for areas that are lacking in water related infrastructure. General Description of improvement inputs or other management responses. The existence of informal settlements is not a new phenomenon but is part of the history of the development of the District. These are areas that needs attention in order to bring sanity to the area and provide the people that have settled in the area with the necessary basic services that they need. One of the strategies that could be utilised to ensure the provision of essential services is achieved is squatter upgrading. The utilisation of the strategy will demand a number of inputs such as housing, roads and drainages, zoning, solid waste management and the provision of commercial facilities. Housing The provision of proper housing development is cardinal in the squatter upgrading process as the current housing strategies being utilised are made of locally generated materials that have not been tested in terms of strength hence pose a risk to the lives of the people staying in the houses. The houses are made of pole and mud hence the need to introduce housing structures that are standardised. The introduction of housing structures will demand the demolition of certain existing pole and mud structures to pave way for the construction of standardised housing structures. Roads and Drainages The concept of accessibility is cardinal in the upgrading process of any compound. The current situation is that these areas lacks proper accessibility to the various developments located within 153 | P a g e 154 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 the compound hence the need to create designated roads that will allow the proper movement of people within the compound. The creation of roads will demand the re-plotting process and demolition of certain pole and mud buildings to create the desired road layout plan. Solid waste Management The management of waste in the compound is an important part of the upgrading process. Waste is generated every day and at a fast rate. If not well managed, it has the potential of raising a number of issues within the community such as the occurrence of diseases which may lead to death of community members hence the need to ensure that a proper solid waste management plan is in place. The upgrading process will demand the placement of waste bins at strategic places where people can easily access the services. Commercial Facilities The economic growth of the compound is dependent on the availability of facilities where commercial activities could be conducted hence the upgrading process calls for the development of commercial facilities that will enable the community to engage in business related activities such as the selling of goods. The presence of the M10 road supports the ideology of making sure that these compounds have the necessary commercial facilities that are needed for economic growth and prosperity. Identification of activities required for implementation Informal settlement upgrading demands that certain activities are conducted for the smooth implementation of the upgrading programme. Some of the key activities worth mentioning are as follows; Declaration of the Informal Settlements as an improvement area. The declaration of informal settlement as an improvement area is a signal that the upgrading process will be conducted in the area. It informs all stakeholders of concern that there is a change that will take place in the area in terms of infrastructure and service provision. In accordance to the Urban and Regional Planning Act No 3 of 2015, it is a requirement that for upgrading of informal settlements to commerce there is need to declare an area as an improvement area. Community Engagements Participatory planning is one of the components of planning that is widely advocated on a global scale simply because participatory planning provides an opportunity for the community that is affected to have an opinion on the matter at hand. Informal settlement upgrading will demand the engagement of the community so that an agreement is met on how the process will be conducted and how concerns such as the demolition of houses where the roads will pass and the grievance redress mechanism that will be employed during the upgrading process. Community engagements’ importance cannot be over emphasised as it has the potential of either promoting or frustrating the progress of the upgrading process. Stakeholder engagements –Institutions 154 | P a g e 155 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 The implementation stage of informal settlement upgrading will demand that stakeholder engagements are done. Key stakeholders such as the Zambia Roads Agency, Water and Sewerage companies, Ministry of Infrastructure and Ministry of Finance are some of the most cardinal stakeholders that need to be on board for the upgrading process to be successful. The absence of stakeholders in the process has the ability of leading to the termination of the informal settlement upgrading programme therefore it is important to ensure that all the key stakeholders are on board or in agreement with the informal settlement upgrading programme. Design of the Layout Plan The design of the layout plan of the informal settlement puts across the submission of all the stakeholders that are involved in the upgrading process. The layout plan will detail where the roads will pass to make the area accessible, standard plot sizes that have a pattern and conform to uniformity, zoning regulations applied, open spaces and commercial facilities needed in the area. The layout plan plays a cardinal part as it gives direction on how the activities will be conducted or implemented. Procurement of services The implementation of activities involved in informal settlement upgrading will demand the involvement of the implementing stakeholders such as Zambia Road Development Agency and Water and Sewerage Company as they will be the ones that will ensure that all the necessary services are brought to the informal settlements. The provision of cardinal services in the area is the focus of the informal settlement-upgrading programme. Land Use Planning Policies and Proposals for Areas under the Jurisdiction of Traditional Authorities and Proposed Policies and Proposals for Those Areas. There are two types of land ownership systems currently running in the District that is the traditional land ownership system and state land ownership system. State land is under the jurisdiction of the local authority while traditional land is under the jurisdiction of the chief. With reference to the spatial development framework chosen, four out of the six growth poles are situated under the traditional land ownership hence they are under the authority of the traditional leadership. The following areas have been identified to be under the jurisdiction of the traditional leadership. Table 21: showing the Growth Poles in the District S/N Growth Pole Ward 1 Katima Mulilo Area Katima mulilo Ward 2 Silolo Area Katima mulilo Ward 3 Sawmills Area Maondo Ward 4 Imusho Area Imusho Ward 5. Luampungu Area Luampungu Ward 6. Kaloblolelwa area Kaloblolelwa Ward 7. Silumbu Area Silumbu Ward 155 | P a g e 156 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Planning activities required to implement the Strategy The strategy that is being advocated for falls under the jurisdiction of the traditional leadership hence there is need to execute certain planning activities that are a prerequisite for proper implementation of the strategy. According to the Urban and Regional Planning Act No 3 of 2015 there is need to ensure that modalities are considered at the initial stage of the implementation of the strategy. Some of the planning activities required are as follows; Community Engagements One of the key planning activities to be conducted is community engagements; land under the traditional leadership belongs to the community. They have a say on what happens to their land therefore the engagement of the community is very important. It gives the community an opportunity to voice out their view on the development activities and changes that are yet to come. The process of communities buying in the ideology of development of the growth pole is important to all stakeholders as it has the potential of derailing the strategy proposed. Planning Agreements Planning agreements play a very cardinal role in ensuring that the state and the traditional leadership have the same vision and are in agreement that implementation of the proposed strategy has all the support that it deserves to be implemented fully. The utilisation of planning agreements is supported by the Urban and Regional Act No 3. of 2015. They enable the planning agents to plan for the area so that order and sanity is achieved and provides a conducive environment for the base map to be created. Planning agreements hold all the conditionalities that have been agreed upon between the state through the local authority and the traditional leadership hence its importance cannot be overemphasised. Identification of activities required for implementation Once all the modalities are put in place. The implementation of activities begins in the growth pole areas. The following are some of the major activities that will be carried out in the growth pole areas. Construction of roads The construction of roads within the growth pole will involve the construction of walkways, bicycle lanes, drainages and motor vehicle lanes in order to accommodate all kinds of movements within the growth pole. The functionality of the growth pole is highly dependent on accessibility of the area or zones within the layout plan hence in order to ensure that accessibility is achieved; a proper road network for all the growth poles will be constructed. A number of benefits that will accompany the road network include access to key infrastructure constructed within the layout plan and gives access for plot owners to their respective plots. 156 | P a g e 157 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 PART FOUR

6.0 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM

6.1 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PROGRAM AGRICULTURE Table 22: Showing the Program Implementation Plan by Sector STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREA 1: ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND JOB CREATION Goal: To provide increase Agricultural Production and Productivity by 2028 Objective To Develop Farm block and resettlement schemes Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency The MOA and LA will increase Agricultural Farm block and Identification of Land and Production and resettlement establishment of a Farm Luampungu 0 0 0 0 - MoA and LA Productivity by schemes block 80% Establishing development a farm block within 5 years Goal: To provide access to extension services for farmers in the district Objective Access to productive resources and services for both small-scale and commercial farmers Improved Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Extension services Procurement of 18 Camp level 140 700 700 700 280 MoA support Motorbikes Imusho, Ngweze, Increase Rehabilitation of Njokomalomo, Lusu East 200 200 150 250 200 MoA Agricultural Agriculture camp houses and Kalobolelwa Production and Productivity Kapau, Mandila, Nsonso, Recruit 9 Camp extension Mbao, Chivula, 0 2 2 2 3 MoA officers. Ngasinamwe, Lilonga, Malomwe and Makanda 157 | P a g e 158 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal: To promote agricultural Mechanisation Objective Improve access to agricultural equipment and services for small-scale farmers Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Procurement of Tractors, Increase and accompanying Agricultural Agricultural Sesheke Farmer Training equipment to establish the 0 0 0 0 0 MOA Production and mechanisation Centre Mechanisation Service Productivity Centre. Procurement of 180,000 0 0 0 0 MOA hummermill(dehalluer) Goal: To provide and increase access to Agricultural Infrastructure Objective Provision of agricultural infrastructure improved by 80 percent Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Increase Agricultural Infrastructure Construction of Storage Lusu west, Maondo and 5,500 11,000 0 0 0 MoA Production and development and processing Facilities Njokomalomo Productivity Manyekanga, Boma East, Boma west, Silolo, Katima, Mutemwa, Kapau, Mandila, Nangombe, Construction of 22 Kachola, Lumbe, Nsonso, 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,400 5,100 Moa agriculture camp houses Luampungu, Mbao, Chivula, Research, Kaale, Ngasinamwe, Lilonga, Mazaba, Malomwe and Makanda 158 | P a g e 159 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal: To Increase Access to Agricultural Inputs and Finance Objective Access to Agricultural Inputs and Finance improved by 80 percent Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Increase Agricultural Farmer input Provision of Farm Inputs All Wards/camps MOA Production and support Productivity Sustainable Cropping seasonal Inputs Agriculture All Wards/camps MOA Financing Finance Facility Small Scale Provision of Irrigation All Wards/camps MOA Irrigation Financing Financing Farm Provision of Farm Increase Access All Wards/camps MOA Mechanization Mechanization to finance Breeding Stock Provision of Breeding All Wards/camps MOA Financing Stock Dairy Farming Provision of Dairy All Wards/camps MOA Financing Farming Financing Broiler Out- Provision of Broiler Out- All Wards/camps 12,870, 15,300 4,250 4,350 5,580 MOA grower Financing grower Financing 159 | P a g e 160 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 FISHERIES AND LIVESTOCK SECTOR STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREA 1: ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND JOB CREATION Goal 1: INDUSTRIALIZED AND DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY Objective 1 To increase the Aquaculture production in the district Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Aquaculture Establishment of Fingering Katongo/Maondo 954,218 1,097,350 MoFL/LA development production Centre Lusu, Luamphungu, Training of fish farmers in Sawmills, Maondo, 187,135 205,648 226,212 248,833 273,716 MoFL/LA ponds construction. Katongo Training fish farmers in Lusu, Luamphungu, fish pond management and Sawmills, Maondo, 132,815 146,097 160,707 176,778 194,456 MoFL/LA Increased Access value addition on fish Katongo Lusu, Luamphungu, to fingerings Promotion of fish pond Sawmills, Maondo, 219,135 219,135 219,135 219,135 219,135 MoFL/LA farming Katongo Promotion of Fish cage Maondo, Katongo, 62,500 68,750 75,625 83,188 91,507 MoFL/LA farming in lagoons Sawmills Establishment/Constructio n of cold storage facilities Sesheke Central 375,255 431,543 MoFL/LA for value addition in fisheries Strategy 2 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Aquaculture Construction of 6 fisheries Lusu, Kalobolelwa, (450)X2 (450)X2 (450)X2 MoFL/LA development camp houses Maondo, Katongo Increased 900 900 900 Fisheries Katongo, sawmills, Extension Maondo, Lusu, (145)X1 (145)X1 (145)X1 (145,)X1 (145)X1 Procurement of 10 Motor Services Kalobolelwa, Nang’ombe, 0 0 0 0 0 MoFL/LA bikes Luampungu, Katima, Mulimambango 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,45 160 | P a g e 161 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Objective 2 To Regulate the Fishery activities in the district Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Promotion of Training of farmers in sustainable fishing All wards 43 43 43 43 43 MoFL/LA proper fishing methods methods To enforce fisheries Act Increased Capture Fisheries All wards 42.582 42.582 42.582 42.582 42.582 MoFL/LA through the fish Ban adherence to fishing Procurement of water District office 956.231 956.231 956.231 956.231 956.231 MoFL/LA regulations transport (Speed boat) To procure vehicle for district staff for District office 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 MoFL/LA enforcement and regulation of fisheries Objective 3 To Enhance Animal Health in the district by 80% by 2034 ( To Reduce Livestock Disease Incidence in the District by 80% by 2034) Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Vaccination of Livestock in 100,000 Disease Control the district against major All wards cattle MoFL/LA 45,000 v/ diseases chickens Construction of District Control Livestock Laboratory for disease District Office 3,950,251 3,950,251 3,950,251 3,950,251 3,950,251 MoFL/LA Diseases diagnosis Conduct disease All wards MoFL/LA surveillance Disease Management All wards/camps MoFL/LA Trainings Objective 4 To Promote Public health and Hygiene Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Ensure quality control of meat Katima Mulilo Ward Public Health Construction of abattoir 2,525,360 2,525,360 MoFL/LA and other meat products Nakatindi Ward Completion of the construction of abattoir at 625,150 Simaweweh 161 | P a g e 162 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Objective 5 To increase livestock production and Productivity by 80% in the district by 2034 Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Livestock Establishment of a goat Katongo Ward MoFL/LA Development breeding centre Establishment of Livestock Katongo, Kalobolelwa 2,650,000 2,650,000 MoFL/LA Service Centre Training farmers in various Enhance access livestock production All wards 64,220 64,220 64,220 64,220 64,220 MoFL/LA to improved system Livestock breeds Establishment of an breeding and Artificial Mulimambango Ward 2,950,000 2,950,000 2,950,000 2,950,000 2,950,000 MoFL/LA Insemination Centre Production of Livestock District Office 120,00 120,00 120,00 120,00 120,00 MoFL/LA materials in Local language Strategy 3 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Livestock Establishment of Two Katongo, Maondo 135,350 148,885 163,774 180,151 198,166 MoFL/LA Production Rangelands Promotion of pasture All wards 210,750 231,825 255,008 280,509 308,560 MoFL/LA production among farmers Construction of 8 All Wards 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 MoFL/LA Livestock Camp houses Procurement of 10 Motor Access to bikes for Livestock camp All wards 1,146,000 1,146,000 1,146,000 1,146,000 1,146,000 MoFL/LA improved animal extension officers nutrition Procurement of 10 Livestock kits for All wards/camps 8,950 8,950 8,950 8,950 8,950 MoFL/LA Livestock Extension Officers Installation of 10 Solar All wards/camps 50,398 50,398 MoFL/LA system to all camp houses Procurement of solar powered refrigeration for All camps 5,980,222 5,980,222 5,980,222 5,980,222 5,980,222 MoFL/LA cold chain 162 | P a g e 163 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Objective 6 To promote Livestock Marketing and Agribusiness in the district Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Training farmers in Enhance livestock Market Information All Wards/camps 88,563 88,563 88,563 88,563 88,563 MoFL livestock marketing market Collection of Livestock information All Wards/camps 85,000 85,00 85,000 85,000 85,000 MoFL Market infromation Strategy 2 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Market Establishment of Livestock Maondo/Katongo 6,985,000 6,985,000 MoFL Infrastructure markets Kalobolelwa Access to Linking farmers to both livestock markets internal and external All Wards/camps 56,550 56,550 56,550 56,550 56,550 MoFL markets Establishment of a small Kalobolelwa/Katongo 4,875,00 4,875,00 4,875,00 4,875,00 4,875,00 MoFL ruminant Bulking Centre Strategy 3 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Promote participation of Women and Registration of 2,000 Youth in All wards/camp 65,520 65,520 65,520 65,520 65,520 MoFL livestock Cooperative Livestock and Aquaculture farming 163 | P a g e 164 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Goal 2: To improve Health, Food and Nutrition Objectives To improve health care in shesheke district by 2034 Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Officer Conduct active case search on notifiable Across the district 24,000 25,000 K6,000 27,000 28,000 DSO/PHO diseases Conducting food safety Across the district 25,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 35,000 EHO Conduct inspection of Across the district 25,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 35,000 EHO premises Infection prevention and Across the district 40,000 40,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 EHO control Occupational health Across the district 15,000 15,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 EHO Water quality monitoring Across the district 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 EHO Disease prevention and control Salt testing for iodine Across the district 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 EHO Swabbing of premises Across the district 15,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 EHO Vector control Across the district 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 EHO Strengthen public health IRS under malaria Across the district 250,000 250,000 300,000 300,000 350,000 MEO Larviciding under malaria, Across the district 75,000 75,000 85,000 85,000 95,000 MEO Distribution on LLIN under Malaria (once every after 3 Across the district 900,000 900,000 MEO years) Case management 55,000 55,000 55,000 55,000 55,000 MEO Conduct contact tracing Where cases are detected 15,000 20,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 DSO/PHO Conduct community Across the District 132,000 132,000 132,000 132,000 132,000 HPO meetings Health education Conduct focus group promotion discussions (antenatal, Across the District 1 1 1 1 1 HPO family planning, child health clinics etc) (weekly) 164 | P a g e 165 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Conduct focus group discussions (antenatal, Across the District 1 1 1 1 1 HPO family planning, child health clinics etc) (weekly) Engage ZANIS for Public Across the district HPO announcements 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Stakeholder engagement meeting for dissemination District health office HPO of health information 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Lobby for a community Across the district 1 1 1 1 1 Council Secretary radio station Integrated Maternal and Maternal reproductive health Across the district 150,000 160,000 170,000 180,000 190,000 MCH healthcare (ANc,Deliveries, postnatal, PMTCT etc) Immunisations (Weekly) Across the district 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 MCH Child survival Growth monitoring Across the district 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 MCH development promotion (Weekly) Postnatal (Weekly) Across the district 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 MCH Conduct demand creation Family planning on the various methods of Across the district MCH promotion family planning 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 Conduct quarterly epidemic preparedness District health office 28,000 28,000 28,000 28,000 28,000 DHD meeting Conduct rapid response Epidemic District health office 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 DSO meeting (Quarterly) preparedness and Restocking epidemic control preparedness corner (drugs, equipments District health office 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 District pharmacist disinfectants etc) (1 in 2025) Mental health and Conduct Health substance abuse All communities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 COP outreaches management 165 | P a g e 166 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Strategy 2 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Sizuka HP, Lusu East HP, Construct maternity Lilonga HP, Liseli HP, 2,400,000 2,800,000 3,200,000 DHD annexes Chivula HP & Yeta hospital Imusho Ward (2),Namgoma 2 Under Ward (4), Mulimambango construc Construction of Health Ward (1), Kalobolelwa (1), tion in 2,400,000 4,200,000 4,800,000 3,600,000 DHD facilities Luampungu (3), Lusu Ward Luampu (3), Maondo ward (1) ngu Construction of staff All the facilities 2,400,000 2,800,000 3,200,000 3,600,000 2,000,000 DHD houses Silumbu RHC, Kalobolelwa RHC, Imusho RHC, Renovations of staff Neongelo HP, 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 DHD houses Mulimambango RHC, Mukusi RHC, Maondo & Yeta Hospital Increase access Infrastructure to quality health Yeta Hospital, Sizuka HP, development Construction of care Imusho RHC, Lilonga HP, 800,000 1,600,000 800,000 1,600,000 DHD Incinerators Lusu East HP & Chivula HP Construction of District Sesheke Urban 3,000,000 DHD health offices Constrcution of Mother All the facilities 320,000 400,000 400,000 440,000 600,000 DHD shelters Construction of District Sesheke Urban 1,000,000 DHD Pharmacy Construction of Nursing school Administration Sesheke Urban 3,000,000 DHD block Construction of Nursing Sesheke Urban 2,000,000 DHD school classes Construction of a mortuary Katima mini hospital 2,000,000 DHD at Katima Mini Hospital Construction of a mini Kachola 10,000,000 DHD hospital in Kachola 166 | P a g e 167 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Conduct monthly stock review and redistribution All the health facilities 1 1 1 1 1 District Pharmacist of drugs Procure drugs for all the Medicines and All the health facilities 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 District Pharmacist health facilities medical supply Disposal of expired drugs All the health facilities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 District Pharmacist chain management Maintenance of cold chain All the health facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 District Pharmacist equipment Order drugs from ZAMSA All the health facilities 1 1 1 1 1 District Pharmacist monthly Servicing of ambulance District Health Office 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 HR and utility motor vehicles Equipment and Insurance of ambulance District Health Office 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 HR transport and utility motor vehicles procurement and Procurement of Beds and District Health Office 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 HR maintenance Linen Servicing and repair of Health facilities 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 HR motorbikes Health insurance Enrol all civil servant and Across the district 1 1 1 1 1 HR promotion elderly people on NHIMA Mobile health Procure 3 ambulances DHO & Hospital 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 DHD services Procure 24 motorbikes District Health Office 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 450,000 DHD Engage Lewanika general Specialized health Hospital to conduct Across the district 1 1 1 1 1 CCO services outreaches in the district Support staff on the Human Development plan Across the district 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 HR Human resource go to school development Mentorship of staff on Human resource Across the district 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 HR Development (annually) 167 | P a g e 168 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Training facility staff in Infant and young child All facilities 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Nutritionist feeding (IYCF) emergency Training CBVS in IYCF All facilities 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Nutritionist emergency Active cases finding in Scaling-up All facilities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 Nutritionist IYCF nutrition Formation of nutrition All facilities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 Nutritionist clusters Cooking demostrations All facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Nutritionist Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition All facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Nutritionist (IMAM) Train teachers in feeding All Schools 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 Nutritionist Supplementary program school feeding Train parents in feeding Enhance food All facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Nutritionist program security and Facilitate institutional nutrition Nutritional capacity building in key ministry of Community institutional sector departments like development, 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Nutritionist governance community development, education,local government strengthening education and local government. Facilitate and co-ordinate Sustainable food nutrition programmes with All schools and 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 Nutritionist systems promotion ministry of health and agriculture. Health facilities Facilitate and co-ordinate nutrition programmes with All schools and 1 1 1 1 1 Nutritionist ministry of health and Supplementation agricultures. Health facilities and micro-nutrients Sensitise people on the fortification importance on micro All schools and 1 1 1 1 1 Nutritionist nutrients and food fortifiction Health facilities 168 | P a g e 169 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Conduct a research on All facilities and selected nutritional status of under households in katima and 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Nutritionist five children in sesheke. sesheke urban. Conduct a massive Mid All facilities and selected Research and upper arm circumference households in katima and 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 Nutritionist development (MUAC) screening sesheke urban. All facilities and selected Conduct a survey on food households in katima and 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Nutritionist security in sesheke. sesheke urban. Train instutitutions on the Institutional Agriculture, community importance of good 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Nutritionist feeding development, prisons etc. nutrition Strategy 4 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Conduct integrated Integrated health activities with partner Across the district 20,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 40,000 Planner care financing support Strengthen Conduct orientations on integrated health data management and All health facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 DHIO information Health information reporting systems management Updating and maintenance system integration of health information All health facilities 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 DHIO systems (Smart care) 169 | P a g e 170 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 EDUCATION AND HEALTH Goal 1: IMPROVED EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT Objective To increase access to inclusive quality education Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Construct more classrooms All the wards 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 5,500,000 3,000,000 CDF/MoE Early childhood Procure age-appropriate education All the wards 612,500 87,500 CDF desks Teacher recruitment Needy schools 0 0 0 0 0 MoE Construct more classrooms All wards 16,500,000 11,000,000 11,100,000 16,500.00 11,200,000 CDF Primary Education Procure more desks All wards 4,489.20 CDF Enhance access Recruit teachers Needy schools 0 0 0 0 0 MoE to quality, Inclusive Construct classrooms Sesheke Day 1,100,000 CDF/MoE equitable and Education designed for LSED inclusive Katima, Imusho, Maondo, Establish literacy centres education Adult literacy Nakatindi, Kalobolelwa, 0 0 MoE in schools Kaale, Mutemwa Katima, Maondo, Sesheke Construct more classrooms Day, Kalobolelwa Day, 2,200,000 2,200,000 2,300,000 2,300,000 2,400,000 CDF/MoE Nakatindi &Lusu East Day Secondary Maondo,Sesheke Education Day,Katima Construct science and Day,Kalobolelwa 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,300.00 1,300.00 CDF/MoE computer labs Day,Nakatindi &Lusu East Day Maondo,Sesheke Day,Katima Procure desks (single Day,Kalobolelwa 840,000 CDF seater) Day,Nakatindi &Lusu East Day Maondo,Sesheke Day,Katima Teacher recruitment Day,Kalobolelwa 0 0 0 0 0 MoE Day,Nakatindi &Lusu East Day Construct a Boarding and Luampungu Boarding and 45,000,000 45,000,000 MoE a Day secondary schools Silolo Day 170 | P a g e 171 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Monitor the Human resource implementation of CPD in All wards MoE development schools -Construct toilets in All wards 4,300,000 4,300.00 4,400,000 4,400.00 4,500,000 CDF/MoE schools -Construct staff houses All wards 2,000,000 1,500,000 2,100,000 1,600,000 2,200,000 CDF Rehabilitation of Ngweze,Kaale,Kalobolelwa, 800,000 80,000 85,000 85,000 CDF/MoE Infrastructure classrooms Luampungu development Lumpungu,Ngweze,Imusho, Katima,Sesheke Rehabilitation of staff boarding,Sesheke 850,000 170,000 170,000 170,000 170,000 CDF/MoE houses Day,Kalobolelwa,Maondo,Si lumbu, Rehabilitation of DEB DEB offices 500,000 CDF/MoE offices Strategy 2 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Improve Technical, Establish a skills training Digital skill and Vocational and centre annexed to the Luampungu K700,000 Development Entrepreneurship school Skills Strategy 3 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Increase access Infrastructure Construct a college of K10,000,00 to higher Mulimambango ward CDF/MoE development Education 0 education Strategy 4 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Enhance science, Recruit and deploy STEM technology and STEM Sesheke Boarding 45,000,000 MoE teachers innovation 171 | P a g e 172 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Objective To improve health care in Sesheke district by 2034 Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Officer Conduct active case search on notifiable Across the district 24,000 25,000 K6,000 27,000 28,000 DSO/PHO diseases Conducting food safety Across the district 25,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 35,000 EHO Conduct inspection of Across the district 25,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 35,000 EHO premises Infection prevention and Across the district 40,000 40,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 EHO control Occupational health Across the district 15,000 15,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 EHO Disease prevention and control Water quality monitoring Across the district 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 EHO Salt testing for iodine Across the district 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 EHO Vector control Across the district 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 EHO IRS under malaria Across the district 250,000 250,000 300,000 300,000 350,000 MEO Larviciding under malaria, Across the district 75,000 75,000 85,000 85,000 95,000 MEO Distribution on LLIN under Malaria (once every after 3 Across the district 900,000 900,000 MEO Strengthen public years) health Conduct contact tracing Where cases are detected 15,000 20,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 DSO/PHO Conduct focus group discussions (antenatal, Across the District 1 1 1 1 1 HPO family planning, child health clinics etc) (weekly) Engage ZANIS for Public Across the district HPO announcements 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Stakeholder engagement meeting for dissemination District health office HPO of health information 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Lobby for a community Across the district 1 1 1 1 1 Council Secretary radio station Integrated Maternal and Maternal reproductive health Across the district 150,000 160,000 170,000 180,000 190,000 MCH healthcare (ANc,Deliveries, postnatal, PMTCT etc) 172 | P a g e 173 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Immunisations (Weekly) Across the district 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 MCH Child survival Growth monitoring Across the district 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 MCH development promotion (Weekly) Postnatal (Weekly) Across the district 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 MCH Conduct demand creation Family planning on the various methods of Across the district MCH promotion family planning 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 Conduct quarterly epidemic preparedness District health office 28,000 28,000 28,000 28,000 28,000 DHD meeting Conduct rapid response District health office 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 DSO meeting (Quarterly) Epidemic Restocking epidemic preparedness and preparedness corner control (drugs, equipments District health office 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 District pharmacist disinfectants etc) (1 in 2025) Conduct one health District health office DHD approach meeting 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Conduct Health Mental health and All communities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 COP outreaches substance abuse Conduct mentorship to all management All facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 COP health facilities Conduct daily screening at Health security and Katima border 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 DSO port health surveillance Conduct food inspection Katima border 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 EHO Strategy 2 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Sizuka HP, Lusu East HP, Construct maternity Lilonga HP, Liseli HP, 2,400,000 2,800,000 3,200,000 DHD annexes Chivula HP & Yeta hospital Increase access Imusho Ward (2),Namgoma 2 Under Infrastructure Ward (4), Mulimambango constructi to quality health Construction of Health development Ward (1), Kalobolelwa (1), on in 2,400,000 4,200,000 4,800,000 3,600,000 DHD care facilities Luampungu (3), Lusu Ward Luampun (3), Maondo ward (1) gu Construction of staff All the facilities 2,400,000 2,800,000 3,200,000 3,600,000 2,000,000 DHD houses 173 | P a g e 174 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Silumbu RHC, Kalobolelwa RHC, Imusho RHC, Renovations of staff Neongelo HP, 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 DHD houses Mulimambango RHC, Mukusi RHC, Maondo & Yeta Hospital Yeta Hospital, Sizuka HP, Construction of Imusho RHC, Lilonga HP, 800,000 1,600,000 800,000 1,600,000 DHD Incinerators Lusu East HP & Chivula HP Construction of District Sesheke Urban 3,000,000 DHD health offices Constrcution of Mother All the facilities 320,000 400,000 400,000 440,000 600,000 DHD shelters Construction of District Sesheke Urban 1,000,000 DHD Pharmacy Construction of Nursing school Administration Sesheke Urban 3,000,000 DHD block Construction of Nursing Sesheke Urban 2,000,000 DHD school classes Construction of a mortuary Katima mini hospital 2,000,000 DHD at Katima Mini Hospital Construction of a mini Kachola 10,000,000 DHD hospital in Kachola Conduct monthly stock Medicines and review and redistribution All the health facilities 1 1 1 1 1 District Pharmacist medical supply of drugs chain management Procure drugs for all the All the health facilities 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 District Pharmacist health facilities 174 | P a g e 175 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Disposal of expired drugs All the health facilities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 District Pharmacist Maintenance of cold chain All the health facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 District Pharmacist equipment Order drugs from ZAMSA All the health facilities 1 1 1 1 1 District Pharmacist monthly Servicing of ambulance District Health Office 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 HR and utility motor vehicles Equipment and Insurance of ambulance transport District Health Office 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 HR and utility motor vehicles procurement and Procurement of Beds and maintenance District Health Office 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 HR Linen Servicing and repair of Health facilities 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 HR motorbikes Health insurance Enrol all civil servant and Across the district 1 1 1 1 1 HR promotion elderly people on NHIMA Mobile health Procure 3 ambulances DHO & Hospital 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 DHD services Procure 24 motorbikes District Health Office 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 450,000 DHD Engage Lewanika general Specialised health Hospital to conduct Across the district 1 1 1 1 1 CCO services outreaches in the district Support staff on the Human Development plan Across the district 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 HR Human resource go to school development Mentorship of staff on Human resource Across the district 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 HR Development (annually) 175 | P a g e 176 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Strategy 3 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Training facility staff in Infant and young child All facilities 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Nutritionist feeding (IYCF) emergency Training CBVS in IYCF All facilities 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Nutritionist emergency Active cases finding in Scaling-up All facilities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 Nutritionist IYCF nutrition Formation of nutrition All facilities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 Nutritionist clusters Cooking demostrations All facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Nutritionist Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition All facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Nutritionist (IMAM) Train teachers in feeding All Schools 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 Nutritionist Supplementary program school feeding Train parents in feeding All facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Nutritionist program Enhance food Facilitate institutional security and Nutritional capacity building in key nutrition Ministry of Community institutional sector departments like development, education, 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Nutritionist governance community development, local government strengthening education and local government. Facilitate and co-ordinate Sustainable food nutrition programmes with All schools and Health 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 Nutritionist systems promotion ministry of health and facilities agriculture. Facilitate and co-ordinate nutrition programmes with All schools and Health 1 1 1 1 1 Nutritionist ministry of health and facilities Supplementation agricultures. and micro-nutrients fortification Sensitise people on the importance on micro All schools and Health 1 1 1 1 1 Nutritionist nutrients and food facilities fortifiction 176 | P a g e 177 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Conduct a research on All facilities and selected nutritional status of under households in Katima and 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Nutritionist five children in sesheke. sesheke urban. Conduct a massive Mid All facilities and selected Research and upper arm circumference households in katima and 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 Nutritionist development (MUAC) screening sesheke urban. All facilities and selected Conduct a survey on food households in katima and 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Nutritionist security in sesheke. sesheke urban. Train instutitutions on the Institutional Agriculture, community importance of good 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Nutritionist feeding development, prisons etc. nutrition Conduct integrated Integrated health activities with partner Across the district 20,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 40,000 Planner care financing support Conduct orientations on data management and All health facilities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 DHIO Health information reporting management Updating and maintenance system integration of health information All health facilities 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 DHIO systems (Smart care) 177 | P a g e 178 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION Strategic development area 1: Economic transformation and job creation Objective To increase investment in Water Resources Development and Management Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Department of Water -Construction of dams and -Luampungu, Nangombe, Water Harvesting 0 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 Resources reservoirs imusho and Sonso Development Enhance Ground Water -Construction of Department of Water 150 150 150 150 150 management and Resources monitoring Boreholes 10 wards Resources productive use of Development -Aquifer Mapping 100 100 100 100 100 Development water Resources - Community mobilisation Department of Water Water Resources and sensitisation on 10 wards 200 200 200 200 200 Resources Management management of water Development resources -Regulate drilling and management of water WARMA and resources Aquifer and water Department of Water -Regulate development 10 wards 60 60 60 60 60 source protection Resources and planning to avoid Development development/Construction in recharge zones Strategic development area 2: Human and social development GOAL 3: TO IMPROVE WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION Objective to ensure sustainable and equitable access to safe water supply and adequate sanitation Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Drilling of new Boreholes 10 Wards 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Rehabilitation of defunct 10 Wards 40 40 40 40 40 Boreholes Local Authority and Infrastructure Department of Water development and Construction of Dams and 0 2 0 2 0 Reservoirs Resources maintenance Upgrading of water Development Improve access to infrastructure into water 10 Wards 400 400 400 440 440 clean and safe schemes water supply Local Authority and Water sampling and Department of Water Monitoring bore \hole 10 wards 30 30 20 30 30 Water quality disinfection Resources monitoring Development and -Monitoring 10 wards 15 15 15 15 15 Department of Health -Borehole disinfection 10 wards 20 20 20 20 20 178 | P a g e 179 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENT Objective To Manage the district forest resources in order to maximize productivity and the development potential of the forest resources by 2034 Strategy Program Activities Location 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible agency Conduct Forest and local Forestry Department Forest managenet All wards 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 patrols and CPs Afforestation and Community engagements Forestry Department All wards 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Reforestation and Treeplanting and CPs Promotion of Create boundaries in forest Forestry Department natural All wards 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 Community engagement and CPs regeneration Reduce the Maintenance of Forestry Department deforestation rate forest boundaries Create Forest Boundaries All wards 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 and CPs from 11% to 9% Undertake a Forestry Department national forest Forest Inventory All wards 1,500,000 and CPs inventory Undertaken early burning Wards with Forest reserves Forestry Department Forest Protection and Placement of signage 70,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 and CFMAs and CPs around forest reserves Procurement of Forestry Department, - 1,700,000 - - - motor vehicle LA and CPs Community engangements All wards 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 FD, LA and CPs Wild fire Developed wild fire To improve the management plan management plans All wards - - - - - FD, LA and CPs conservation and management of Community Number of Community forest resources sensitization sensitization meetings All wards 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 FD, LA and CPs and ecosystems. meetings Reaching out to Radio programs communities on all forest All Wards 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 FD, LA and CPs programs and management Promotion of Formation of forest Increase forest income generating All wards 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 FD, LA and CPs resource user groups extension activity services from 5% Procurement of Procurement of at least 7 to 22% transport for All wards - 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 FD, LA and CPs motorbikes extension officers 179 | P a g e 180 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Strengthen Promotion of agro- Training communities on Promoting Agro forestry practice Agro-forestry practice and All wards 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 FD, LA and CPs forestry practices and mother mother Orchards Orchards Strengthen multi- Promote multi sector Develop guidelines on sector Forest Land All wards FD, LA and CPs coordination on forest land-use use forest land-use Increase value Promotion of value Train forest based addition for wood addition for Non entrepreneurs in value All wards 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 FD, LA and CPs and non-wood wood forest addition forest products. products 180 | P a g e 181 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 WASTE MANAGEMENT Goal To Increase Solid Waste Collection Efficiency by 2034 Objective To enhance waste collection in the district Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Promote the ease of collection and Solid Waste Preparation of a Solid Sesheke District 39,896 39,896 39,896 LA disposal of Solid Management waste management plan Waste materials Main market (2) Construction of refuse Kaunda square market (1) SWM bays 6 at all markets in the 240,000 240,000 240,000 Local Authority district Katima Mulilo market (2) Nakatindi Market (1) Main market (5) Procurement of at least 20 Kaunda square market (5) SWM Local Authority refuse wheel bins Katima Mulilo market (5) Nakatindi Market (5) Main market (2) Installation of at least 6 Kaunda square market (1) SWM 300,000 300,000 150,000 Local Authority skip bins Katima Mulilo market (2) Nakatindi Market (1) Procure a compactor truck Sesheke district 1,850,000 Local Authority Procurement of Skip Truck Sesheke district 900,000 Local Authority Promote the Construction of Refuse Katima Mulilo Ward 240,000 240,000 Local Authority efficiency in solid Bay waste reduction SWM Construction of Refuse Mulimambango Ward 240,000 240,000 Local Authority and management Bay at the dump site Construction of Refuse Nakatindi Ward 240,000 240,000 Local Authority Bay Procurement of Skip bins Mulimambango Ward Local Authority Procurement of Skip bins Nakatindi ward 900,000 Local Authority 181 | P a g e 182 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 COMMERCE Goal: To provide conducive environment for private investors and promote value addition for local product Objective Promote stakeholder participation by 80% in the artisan and small-scale farmers and value addition sector groups by 2029 Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Formation of artisans and SME & farmer Community sensitization MLG&RD, MCTI, All wards 120 150 160 160 180 groups for value meetings MSMED , MoA, FD addition Creation of a District Joint MLG&RD, MCTI, Monitoring Programme All Wards 5 5 5 5 5 MSMED , MoA, FD Team (JMPT) Formation of JMPT Data collection on District MLG&RD, MCTI, resources in specific areas All wards 120 150 160 160 180 MSMED , MoA, FD of the District Formation of Facilitation of formation of MLG&RD, MCTI, Cooperatives and cooperatives and value All Wards 10 10 20 20 20 MSMED , MoA, FD value addition groups addition groups Promote stakeholder Facilitation of engagement MLG&RD, MCTI, participation in Creation of businesses with All wards 50 60 60 80 80 of a MSMED , MoA, FD the artisan and business forum suppliers and buyers small-scale MLG&RD, MCTI, Stakeholder engagement All Wards 100 100 100 100 100 farming and value MSMED , MoA, FD addition sector Monitoring of farmers, cooperatives, groups and MLG&RD, MCTI, businesses involved in All Wards 120 130 140 150 160 MSMED , MoA, FD value addition in the District Exchange Visit - Peer Facilitation of an MLG&RD, MCTI, review (best performing 100 100 100 120 120 exchange visit MSMED , MoA, FD District) Training of Training of cooperatives, cooperatives in value farmers and groups All Wards 210 240 250 260 280 MoA and MSMED addition engaged in value addition Facilitate the holding MLG&RD, MCTI, of a District Hold a District Symposium District CBD 450 600 MSMED , MoA, FD symposium 182 | P a g e 183 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREA 1: ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND JOB CREATION Goal: To Industrialise and Diversify the Local Economy for Sesheke Objective To promote Value-addition and manufacturing by 70% by 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority Responsible Agency 0 0 0 0 0 Promotion of value MOC, MOA, Establish Value chains All Wards 80 100 100 120 140 chains MLG&RD Capacity building in value chains, food packaging, MOC, MOA capacity enhanced All Wards 240 260 280 280 300 marketing and Promote value- advertisement MLG&RD addition and Nakatindi, Luampungu, manufacturing Increase the Construct a modern Lusu, Katima Mulilo and 800 1,100 1,600 1,800 1,800 MOC, MOA, proportion of processing factory Imusho packaged finished Install new packaging product All Wards 450 600 800 800 800 MOC, MOA machine and solar driers Establishment of Establish Market linkages All Wards 25 30 50 60 80 MOC, MOA market linkages Construction of Increase Mulimambango, Katima Construction of MLG&RD, CARE industrial manufacturing Mulilo, Luampungu, Lusu 1,800 2,000 2,400 2,400 manufacturing industries Ministry of Commerce infrastructure industries and Goal: To create an enabling environment for investor confidence Objective Promote local investors by 70% in all sectors of economy by 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Strategy Programme Activity Location by Priority 0 0 0 0 0 Agency MLG&RD, CARE Investment Source for investors in Withi zambia 60 50 40 50 50 Ministry of promotion the commerce sector Commerce Eliminate Establishment of MLG&RD, CARE barriers to local aggregation centres and All Wards 120 120 120 120 120 Ministry of economy Formation of value addition Commerce development aggregation centres MLG&RD, CARE Create Market linkages All wards 65 65 75 75 80 Ministry of and centres Commerce 183 | P a g e 184 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Increase publicity MLG&RD, CARE on investor Advertisement Zambia 10 15 10 10 15 Ministry of confidence Commerce Formalisation of MLG&RD, CARE Cooperatives and SMEs Cooperatives and Sesheke 50 50 60 60 60 Ministry of registration SMEs Commerce MLG&RD, CARE Stakeholder Sesheke 130 140 140 140 140 Ministry of Capacity building in consultative meetings. Commerce low cost food Sensitization meetings to MLG&RD, CARE preservation potential investors and Sesheke 50 50 50 50 50 Ministry of Eliminate traditional leaders Commerce barriers to local MLG&RD, CARE economy 3. Trainings 220 220 230 230 240 Ministry of development Commerce Monitoring of progress MLG&RD, CARE Monitoring and in the sector and engage All wards 80 90 80 80 80 Ministry of evaluation players in the sector Commerce MLG&RD, CARE Conduct facilitation of All wards 10 10 10 10 20 Ministry of business plan/proposals Commerce Capacity building 2. SMSEs linked to MLG&RD, CARE business opportunities in All wards 20 20 20 30 40 Ministry of various sectors Commerce 184 | P a g e 185 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 ENERGY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREA 1: ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND JOB CREATION Goal 1: ECONOMY To stimulate local economic development and diversification of local economic activities Objective To increase investment in the Energy subsector by 3% over the period of the plan Strategy 1 Programme Activity Location by Priority 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Responsible Agency Investment in solar energy coupled with All the but prioritizing the encouragement of Public 132 Electricity generation Rural wards e.g. 265 million 132 million 132 million 132 million ZESC0 Private partnership million Luampungu,Imusho Construction of solar plants Participation in the implementation of the Enhance Electricity All the wards in the district interconnection of generation, transmission and that are connected to the electricity transmission of transmission and distribution national grid Zambia, Zimbabwe, distribution of Namibia and Botswana electricity Procurew and install new ZESC0 transformers (constructing 261,000 87,000 87,000 174,000 174,000 of more transformers) Energy efficiency In all wards with hydro promotion Encourage the usage of electricity gas and solar as an 100,000 200,000 100,000 250,000 150,000 alternative to hydro electricity Infrastructure development Investment in the Alternative fuel alternative fuel such as ZESC0 promotion animal dung 185 | P a g e 186 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

6.2 Local Authority’s Financial Plan

6.2.1 Purpose The purpose of this Long-Term Financial Plan for Sesheke Town council is to create awareness regarding financial challenges and opportunities the Council could possibly face and inform the Institution’s financial and operational decision makers to account for such possibilities. The five-year financial plan is a component of a comprehensive effort by the Council to improve its long‐range financial management and planning.

6.2.2 Scope The Council’s Financial Plan for Fiscal Year 2025 through Fiscal Year 2029 addresses the revenues and expenditures of all Council funds (the General Fund and special funds) over a five year planning period.

6.2.3 Development Process The Council’s financial plan has been created using public finance best practices, which define financial forecasting and long-term financial planning as follows: Financial forecasting is the process of projecting revenues and expenditures over a long term period, using assumptions about economic conditions, future spending scenarios, and other salient variables. Long-term financial planning is the process of aligning financial capacity with long-term service objectives [emphasis added]. Financial planning uses forecasts to provide insight into future financial capacity so that strategies can be developed to achieve long-term sustainability in light of the government’s service objectives and financial challenge The main tasks required to create the Long-Term Financial Plan were the following: ▪ Review best practices, the work of peer jurisdictions, and academic and professional materials on the topic; ▪ Review the of the Council’s past performance of both revenue and expenditure; ▪ Analysis of the districts economic environment to identify the major financial and operational challenges and opportunities that the Council might face over the coming years;

6.2.4 Forecast Background As noted above, the Council staff consulted numerous resources and followed public finance best practices when creating the Long-Term Financial Plan and the approved 2023 budget was used as the basis of the forecast. Staff assumed that future service levels and revenue sources would remain at current levels (those in the approved 2022 budget, referred to as “status quo”). Staff then forecasted revenues and expenditures for succeeding years by applying assumptions about possible future changes in economic conditions that could impact revenues and expenditures. Revenues and expenditures are impacted by both cyclical and irregular changes in the district’s economy and demography. Future revenues and expenditures can be estimated using a number of techniques including qualitative / judgmental analysis and quantitative 186 | P a g e 187 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 analysis. City staff used both qualitative and quantitative analysis as part of this forecast, as described below.

6.2.5 Revenue and Expenditure History The Council’s revenue history and forecast is described below. As background, Table 13.18 below illustrates the five-year history of the Council’s revenue collected at source. Table 23: Showing Multi Year Revenue History REVENUE RESOURCES 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Local Taxes 12,216.00 692,501.62 101,702.00 103,827.00 197,993.00 Fees and Charges 1,005,050.00 1,511,573.53 3,039,860.00 3,049,333.00 3,195,911.00 Licenses 21,500.00 28,950.00 70,430.00 131,725.00 95,800.00 Levies 445,500.00 316,993.00 796,357.00 875,493.00 848,673.00 Permits 97,800.00 90,120.00 137,710.00 144,580.00 234,990.00 National Support 9,088,000.00 8,268,548.29 9,562,319.00 32,947,111.00 36,651,687.00 TOTAL 10,670,066.00 10,908,686.44 13,708,378.00 37,252,069.00 41,225,054.00 Table 24: Showing the Multi-Year Expenditure Plan EXPENDITURE 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Personal Emoluments 4,750,468.00 7,382,307.90 6,336,288.00 8,026,378.00 8,395,004.00 Office Cost 107,842.00 105,118.02 110,224.00 85,510.00 92,335.00 Buildings (Repair & 99,550.00 91,606.82 170,876.00 154,317.00 175,004.00 Maintenance) Plant, Vehicle Running Costs 188,257.00 305,618.59 417,801.00 421,846.00 334,440.00 Other Admin 181,364.00 154,131.22 200,385.00 140,244.00 2,670,571.00 Requisites 2,159,638.00 125,882.50 80,810.00 78,382.00 49,294.00 Services 1,089,007.00 435,513.01 969,184.00 1,824,288.00 1,324,449.00 Training & Staff Development 15,370.00 53,316.00 205,467.00 345,271.00 1,145,736.00 Travel Expenses 646,114.00 95,197.84 762,644.00 538,218.00 150,341.00 Legal 14,522.00 - - - - Non-Financial Assets 751,520.00 1,937,145.67 2,301,718.00 4,112,624.00 771,795.00 Domestic Creditors 476,994.00 197,441.36 12,299.00 17,856.00 - TOTAL 10,480,646.00 10,883,278.93 11,567,696.00 15,744,934.00 15,108,969.00

6.2.6 Revenue and Expenditure Forecasts The draft 2023 budget was used as the baseline for revenue and expenditure forecasts. 187 | P a g e 188 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Table 25:Showing the Multi Year Revenue Forecast Revenue Sources 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Local Taxes 253,800.00 258,876.00 264,053.52 269,334.59 274,721.28 Fees and Charges 6,515,892.36 3,815,892.36 4,121,163.75 4,450,856.85 4,806,925.39 Licenses 249,480.00 254,469.60 259,558.99 264,750.17 270,045.18 Levies 900,180.00 918,183.60 936,547.27 955,278.22 974,383.78 Permits 222,075.00 226,516.50 231,046.83 235,667.77 240,381.12 National Support 55,811,217.16 56,927,441.51 58,065,990.34 59,227,310.14 60,411,856.35 TOTAL 63,952,644.52 62,401,379.57 63,878,360.70 65,403,197.74 66,978,313.10 Local Taxes: This source of revenue is made up of Personal Levy and Property rates from Residential and Commercial Properties. Fees and charges: These locally controlled revenues are expected to remain stable with a 10 percent increment per annum taking into account adjustments for inflation. Licenses: The projection in table 13.21 takes into account the trend analysis for expenditure observed in table 13.18 under licenses. Service Charges: These are revenues generated from plot premiums. Currently the Council does not have land. National Support: This is made up of the Local Government Equalization Fund, Constituency Development Fund and Grants in Lieu of Rates. This line of revenue has been maintained as that of the base year 2020 in line with Local Government Budget guidelines. 188 | P a g e 189 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 PART FIVE

7.0 CONCLUSION In conclusion, the district has put in place strategies to ensure effective implementation and management of the District Integrated Development Plan through the different levels of governance as set out below. National Development Coordinating Committee (NDCC) In order to facilitate and ensure effective coordination, structures at national, provincial, and district level need to ensure that they play their role in order for development targets set out in the implementation Plan are contextualized within each sector or cluster. At national level, coordination will progressively work towards enhancing synergies between sectors for efficient and effective implementation of programs at all levels. The provincial and district level coordination will stimulate participation of state and non-state actors in meeting targets for agreed upon national indicators. The district strategies will intensity resource mobilization to facilitate implementation of the plan. Cluster Advisory Group (CAG) These are established in line with the development outcomes of the 8NDP whose main aim is to push for more integration resulting in efficiency, effectiveness in the coordination process and delivery of results. They are organized according to the main strategic areas of the Plan in order to effectively contribute to each key result area. The Ministries will coordinate the CAGs, through the leadership provided by a Permanent Secretary from among the member Ministries. Directors from the member Ministries will form the result group that will operationalize the delivery of the respective strategic area. CAGs will outline implementation of the development agenda of their respective Cluster through Cluster Implementation Plans. Provincial Development Coordinating Committee (PDCC) Provincial level coordination will play an oversight role on the implementation of District Integrated Development Plan (IDP) with a view to ensure districts are working progressively towards meeting the targets set in the eighth national development plan that are of national interest and which respond to district specific development needs. This will be done to ensure provincial targets and outcomes are oriented towards meeting the benchmarks that are stipulated in the Plan. Provincial Planning Units will provide technical backstopping a well as facilitate coordination of programs and act as the secretariat to the PDCCs, and will report progress on implementation of programs and projects to the NDCC. District Development Coordinating Committee (DDCC) This level will implement programs and projects planned at the district level as enshrined in the IDP ton deal with district specific needs. The district has put in place a monitoring and evaluation system that will promote integration of development priorities at local level, provincial and national strategic areas of focus and outcomes. The district will further workout strategies that will strengthen alignment of the district level targets with the national targets with special focus on locally grown solutions to local challenges. The provincial administration will act as a link between the national and the district levels in providing feedback on planning, financing, implementation and monitoring of programs and projects. The Sesheke District Planning Unit will provide 189 | P a g e 190 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 technical backstopping, facilitate coordination of programs and will serve as secretariat to the DDCC. REPORTING Institution Framework The implementation functions will be undertaken at different levels of Government, both at the provincial and districts levels. The Provincial Development Coordinating Committee (PDCC) and District Development Coordinating Committee (DDCC) will continue to provide advisory services. Similarly, provincial and district administrations will continue their core function of program implementation. Monitoring The monitoring function will be undertaken through progress reports and reviews. The tools for monitoring will include the use of NDP progress reports, quarterly monthly monitoring templates, budget performance templates and key performance Indicator templates. The monthly reports will feed into the development of quarterly reports and ultimately lead to the development of the Annual Progress Reports. These tools will facilitate the production of monitoring reports such as Monthly Monitoring, Sector Performance, Project Spot Monitoring, and APRs. Monthly Monitoring Report The Monthly Monitoring Report will be done on a monthly basis based on the Implementation Plan. The departments will during the Plan period be required to hold monthly monitoring meetings to review implementation progress. The monthly reports will be presented to DDCC meetings where they will be discussed before submission to the full council. The primary objective of the monthly meetings is to advise DDCC on the required interventions. A stand-alone Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting (MER) Framework has been developed to guide the implementation, monitoring and evaluation function of the plan during the IDP period. Quarterly Performance Report The Quarterly Performance Report will be consolidated and compiled by the Department of Planning based on departmental performance reports. Quarterly Reports shall combine budget execution monitoring with spot monitoring against planned outputs and activities. The Quarterly Reports will be produced by the last week of January, April, July and October. Project Spot Monitoring Report The Project Spot Monitoring Report will be produced after the monitoring team has undertaken a spot monitoring activity. Spot monitoring activities will be expected to be undertaken regularly to verify the results that are given in the Monthly, Sectoral, Quarterly and Annual reports to inform management on the required actions. Annual Implementation Plans and Annual Progress Reports The AIP and APR will form the basis for annual implementation of programs and projects and Monitoring and evaluation of the same respectively. The AIP shall be prepared at the beginning of each year with accompanying budgets. All projects and programmes in the AIP shall be drawn from the IDP. The Annual Progress Report (APR) shall present assessment of progress against the set targets on the identified KPIs and program outputs. APR reporting will progressively move towards focusing mainly on KPIs and analysing progress towards the attainment of the objectives set out in this Plan. 190 | P a g e 191 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034

8.0 REFERENCES 1. Guidelines For Integrated Development Planning: Volumes 1,2, 3 & 4 2019 2. Central Statistical Office (CSO), 2010 3. ZAMSTAT, Zambia Population Census of 2022, Lusaka, Zamstat, 2022 4. DDCC Reports, Sesheke District Planning Unit 2020 - 2024 5. Departmental Reports, Sesheke DDCC Secretariat, 2020 – 2024 6. Government of Zambia. (2022). Ministry of Education Strategic Plan 2022-2026 7. Government of Zambia. (2022). National Health Strategic Plan 2022-2026 8. Government of Zambia. (2022). Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Plan 2022-2026 9. Government of Zambia. (2022). Energy Efficiency Strategy and Action Plan 2022-2026 10. Government of Zambia. (2022). 8th National Development Plan. Lusaka: Government of Zambia. 11. Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. (2014). National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Printer. 12. IPCC. (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. 13. Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. (2014). National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Printers. 14. Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. (2014). National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Printers 15. Government of Zambia. (2015). Forest Act No. 4 of 2015. Lusaka: Government Printer. 16. Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Printer; 2014. 17. Government of Zambia. Forest Act No. 4 of 2015. Lusaka: Government Printer; 2015 18. Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. National Forestry Policy of 2014. Lusaka: Government Printer; 2014 19. Sesheke District forest Reports, 2023 20. IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2021 21. Chidumayo, E.N., & Gumbo, D.J. The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa: Managing for Products and Services. London: Earthscan; 2010. 22. Meteorological Report, 2023 23. IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2021. 24. IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2021 191 | P a g e 192 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 Annexes 1. Approval of the Integrated Development Plan – SESHEKE DISTRICT 192 | P a g e 193 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 2. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION PROCESS - LIST OF IDENTIFIED COMMUNITY NEEDS Table 26: Showing the list of Community projects identified during the public participation process NO PROJECT NAME WARD ZONE AMOUNT CONTACT PERSON PHONE APPLIED 1 Drilling Of A Borehole At Kanyanda Imusho Kanyanda Kambonyi Taulo 0950585576 2 Drilling Of A Borehole At Kanyanda Imusho Kanyanda S. Lienze 0952143756 3 Drilling Of A Borehole At Imusho Imusho Imusho Sinyemba .B Nil 4 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Imusho Imusho Kambonyi Taulo 0950585576 Kanyanda 5 Drilling Of A Water Borehole At Mayema Imusho Imusho Mayema .J 0954382099 6 Drilling Of A Borehole At Imusho Imusho Imusho Musinate .E 0950302225 200,000.00 7 Drilling Of A Borehole At Chivula Imusho Chivula Ngumba Sifuniso 0951276508 8 Drilling Of A Borehole At Kanyanda Imusho Kanyanda S. Lienze 0952143756 9 Construction Of Health Post At Makanda Kalobolelwa Makanda Zabeta Sikweti 0956311761 10 Drilling Of A Borehole At Mwanande Kalobolelwa Kabuyu Likando Kelvin 0978897253 11 Drilling Of A Borehole At Kazauli Kalobolelwa Kabuyu Justina Luka 0976317031 Community 12 Fence The Kalobolelwa Health Post Kalobolelwa Kalobolelwa Agrippa Mulike 0779070917 13 Construction Of A Health Post At Kasheshe Kalobolelwa Kalobolelwa Dexter Sililo 0776319195 14 Drilling Of A Solar Borehole At Lusu West Kalobolelwa Lusu West Siavwapa Siabbela 0979929700 Primary School 193 | P a g e 194 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 NO PROJECT NAME WARD ZONE AMOUNT CONTACT PERSON PHONE APPLIED 15 Drilling Of A Borehole At Sawa Kalobolelwa Kabuyu Muyauluka 0977335497 Community Mwananyanda 16 Installation Of Solar Panels At Kalobolelwa Kalobolelwa Kalobolelwa Mebelo Muziele 0770612941 Rural Health Centre 17 Construction Of A Health Post At Mutemwa Kalobolelwa Mutemwa Imakando .M 0972394573 18 Rehabilitation Of A 1x2 Classroom Block Kalobolelwa Kalobolelwa Mukwendela .M 0770917721 At Kalobolelwa Primary School 19 Construction Of A 1x 3 Classroom Block At Kalobolelwa Ngweeze Sinzila Kuzekana 0953782942 Ngweeze Primary School 20 Drilling Of A Borehole At Namutondo Kalobolelwa Kabuyu Situmbeko Mushe 0779812288 21 Drilling Of A Borehole At Munangwinji Kalobolelwa Kabuyu Muyunda Muyunda 0970227840 22 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Kalobolelwa Mutemwa Mboshi Gabriel 0979465559 Mutemwa Primary Sch. 23 Construction Of A 1x5 Classroom Block At Kalobolelwa Neongelo Chikambi John 09751112456 Neongelo Primary Sch. 24 Drilling Of A Borehole At Munanzi Kalobolelwa Kabuyu Lutangu Nakwezi 0976115622 25 Construction Of A Kitchen At Katima Mini Katima Katima Hakabwandi Joy 0977142967 Hospital 26 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Katima Makusi Pande Mwakamui 0979646641 Makusi Primary School 27 Rehabilitation Of Katima Police Post Katima Katima Lukano Frank 0977835393 194 | P a g e 195 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 NO PROJECT NAME WARD ZONE AMOUNT CONTACT PERSON PHONE APPLIED 28 Drilling Of A Borehole At Sitwatwa Katima Makusi Veronica Nyundo 0976586625 29 Construction Of Katima Mulilo Urban Katima Katima Lishumi Kakwete 0979633081 Clinic 30 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Katima Silolo Ernest Munalula 0978188406 Silolo Primary School 31 Construction Of A 1x 3 Classroom Block At Katima Katima Nawa .M 0978209994 Katima Day Secondary School 32 Construction Of A Market Shelter At Katima Katima Mulawa Muzungu 079948380 Katima Cbd 33 Rehabilitation Of 1x3 Classroom At Luampungu Luampungu Makandauko 0956103446 Luampungu Primary School Makandauko 34 Construction Of A Police Post At Luampungu Luampungu Kaingu Mulowa 0958378608 Luampungu 35 Drilling Of A Borehole At Kachola Primary Luampungu Kachola Godfrey Masamu 0958372090 School 36 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom At Luampungu Luampungu Kula .M 0954283786 Katonto Community 37 Contruction Of Staff Houses For Health Luampungu Luampungu Sipula Muzumi 0956000427 Workers (Luampungu) 38 Drilling Of A Borehole At Luampungu Luampungu Luampungu Mwanangombe Masiwa 0958023581 Primary School 39 Construction Of Staff Houses For Health Luampungu Sonso Mabeta .M Workers At Sonso 40 Drilling Of A Borehole At Sonso Luampungu Sonso Mubonda .J 41 Construction Of Permanent Court Structure Lusu Lusu Kayombo .M 0975734629 195 | P a g e 196 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 NO PROJECT NAME WARD ZONE AMOUNT CONTACT PERSON PHONE APPLIED 42 Construction Of A 1x5 Classroom Block At Lusu Lusu Nawa Mbanga 0976304409 Lusu Primary School 43 Construction Of A Permanent Health Post Lusu Lusu Central Kayuba Kuzana 0979057118 At Lust East 44 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Lusu Lusu Central Mbwangu Kayombo 0975734629 Lusu Secondary School 45 Drilling Of A Solar Borehole At Katete Lusu Katete Lubinda Ingombe 0954213680 46 Construction Of A 1x5 Classroom Block At Lusu Muyabalo Sikuli .K 0772981848 Muyabalo Primary School 47 Procurement Of Earth Moving Equipment Lusu Lusu Mbwainga Ifunga 0976116571 48 Installation Of Solar Panels At Lusu Njokomalomo Kandandu Arthur 0964259231 Njokomalomo Primary School 49 Drilling Of A Borehole At Mbowe Lusu Njokomalomo Kamwengo.M 0770613431 50 Procument Of A Boat Engine At Mbowe Lusu Njokomalomo Mutumba Muyunda 0972560336 51 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Lusu Njokomalomo Sendoi Nasilele 0979259871 Njokomalomo Pramary School 52 Construction Of A Laboratory And Staff Maondo Maondo Simataa Simataa 099380543 Houses At Maondo Day Secondary School 53 Construction Of Toilets At Katongo Primary Maondo Katongo Imwaka .N 0971502554 School 960,000.00 196 | P a g e 197 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 NO PROJECT NAME WARD ZONE AMOUNT CONTACT PERSON PHONE APPLIED 54 Construction Of A Laboratory 1x3 Block At Maondo Katongo Imwaka .N 0971502554 Katongo Primary School 55 Construction Of 3 Staff Houses For Maondo Katongo Longwe .R 0971502554 Teachers At Katongo Primary School 56 Construction Of A Market Shelter At Maondo Katongo Namiluko Imwaka 0972951430 Kabuyu 57 Construction Of A 1x5 Classroom Block At Maondo Katongo Isimwa Edith .N 0977276409 Inyambo Yeta Primary School 58 Construction Of Community School At Mulimambango Nalisa Kaonde Nalisa 0771717539 Nalisa 59 Construction Of Community Health Post At Mulimambango Nalisa Chikomba Nathan 0973000160 Nalisa 60 Construction Of 1x3 Classroom Block At Mulimambango Welfare Mwangelwa .M 0975109831 Yeta Hospital 61 Installation Of Street Lights Along The Mulimambango Sabelo N. Nyambe 0978619249 Sabelo Gravel Road 62 Construction Of1 X 3 Classroom Block At Mulimambango Sizuka Sizuka Shadrck 0979368031 Sizuka 63 Drilling Of A Borehole At Manyekanga Mulimambango Manyekanga Joe Mwangala 0977850627 64 Procurement Of Printer At Sesheke Mulimambango Nalisa Munchindu Prince 0979474983 Boarding Secondary School 100,000.00 65 Construction Of Mangundu SDA Church Mulimambango Manyekanga Malenga Kubwima 0977255359 66 Construction Of A Health Post At Mulimambango Munyekanga Owen Kaponge 0978614859 Manyekanga 197 | P a g e 198 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 NO PROJECT NAME WARD ZONE AMOUNT CONTACT PERSON PHONE APPLIED 67 Drilling Of A Borehole At Nalisa Mulimambango Nalisa Mulope Kashumba Nil 68 Drilling Of A Borehole At Manyekanga Mulimambango Manyekanga Kangumu .S 0979636813 Primary School 69 Rehabilitation Of Mothers Shelter At Yeta Mulimambango Welfare Mufalo Wakug'uma 097497847 District Hospital 70 Construction Of A Brick Incinerator At Mulimambango Welfare Moses Mubita 0972930497 Yeta Hospital 71 Installation Of Street Lights Along The Mulimambango Lyamango Mundandwe Maxson 0977141212 Lyamango Gravel Road 72 Rehabilitation Of Lyamango Health Post Mulimambango Lyamango Lubinda .L 0976681849 73 Drilling Of A Borehole At Sizuka Health Mulimambango Sizuka Shadrick Sizuka 0979368031 Post 74 Procurement Of A Fire Tender Mulimambango Welfare Muyunda Lutangu O77013079 75 Drilling Of A Borehole At Sesheke Mulimambango Nalisa Kakoma .E 0977368561 Secondary Boarding School 76 Rehabilitation Of A 1x3 Classroom Block Mulimambango Nalisa Mukelabai .V 0977144402 At Sesheke Boarding Secondary School 77 Constructiion Of Namatwi SDA Nakatindi Namatwi Felix Nkwazi 0777052053 78 Drilling Of A Borehole At Lulibalala Nakatindi Nakatindi Shaft Mukubesa 0977424005 Village-Nakatindi 150,000.00 79 Construction Of An Urban Clinic Nakatindi Libala M. Mutinga 0971688246 80 Drilling Of A Borehole At Lifelo-Lilonga Nakatindi Lilonga Lifelo Mutende 0772088742 150,000.00 Kamutumwa 81 Construction Of A 1x3 CRB And Three Nakatindi Nakatindi Silukena Sinyungu 0977898527 Teachers Houses At Hope Community 4,000,000.00 School 198 | P a g e 199 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 NO PROJECT NAME WARD ZONE AMOUNT CONTACT PERSON PHONE APPLIED 82 Constrution Of A 1x5 CRB And Staff Nakatindi Mangamu V. Mashekwa 0976679329 Houses 83 Drilling Of A Boreholes At Liwakala, Nakatindi Nakatindi Lubasi Kamutumwa 0771387151 Mombochima, Kangongo And Katundu Vilages 84 Construction Of The Two Staff Houses At Nakatindi Nakatindi Katuicula Chifokola 0977332574 Mulimambango Clinic 85 Constrution Of A 1x5 CRB Nakatindi Libala Nziye Libwe 0974078179 86 Water Reticulation-Borehole Nakatindi Lilonga Ignitius Musipili 0953283654 Ngenda 87 Constrution Of A 1x5 CRB Nakatindi Nakatindi Nambula N. 0975870942 88 Drilling Of A Hand Pump Nakatindi Lilonga Simukwenga 0957833963 89 Construction Of A 1x5 Classroom Block At Nang'ombe Lumbe Malwange .M 0978863706 Lumbe 90 Drilling Of A Borehole At Simatapa Nang'ombe Simatapa Sandra Mwauluka 0771719216 Primary School 91 Drilling Of A Borehole At Mandila Nang'ombe Mandila Akatama .Akatama 0976767543 92 Rehabilitation Of Staff Houses At Mandila Nang'ombe Mandila Imakando .S 0979675788 Primary School 93 Construction Of Staff Houses For Health Nang'ombe Nang'ombe Suya Njekwa 0975799058 Workers At Walawala 94 Construction Of Kasu Bridge –Lumbe Nang'ombe Lumbe Justin Wamundila 0767409397 95 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Nang'ombe Lumbe Malindi Kufwakwandi 0976624391 Lubuwa Community School 199 | P a g e 200 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 NO PROJECT NAME WARD ZONE AMOUNT CONTACT PERSON PHONE APPLIED 96 Construction Of A Health Post -Simatapa Nang'ombe Simatapa Sibeso Sandra 0771719216 97 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block - Nang'ombe Simatapa Vincent Lubasi 0979390496 Simatapa 98 Construction Of A Health Post At Lumbe Nang'ombe Lumbe Muhupulo Maliki 0775042014 99 Construction Of A Health Post At Nang'ombe Kamumani Somili Kabika 0950424530 Kamumani 100 Drilling Of A Borehole At Kamumani Nang'ombe Kamumani Muleta Manyando 0950424530 Community School 101 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Nang'ombe Lucwe Muyunda Miliko 0954540119 Lucwe Primary School 102 Construction Of A Health Post -Lucwe Nang'ombe Lucwe Mayumbo Jones 0956630549 103 Contruction Of Gravel Road -Mutwa Nang'ombe Mutwa Nyambe Nalukui 0972379646 104 Rehabilitation Of Vip Toilets At Mutwa Nang'ombe Mutwa Nalwange Simataa 0978863766 Primary School 105 Installation Of Solar Pannels -Power At Nang'ombe Mutwa Mundia Nasilele 0763775850 Mutwa Pri.School 106 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Nang'ombe Mutwa Jacob Muyakala 0961918759 Mutwa Primary Sch. 107 Construction Of Staff Houses At Lumbe Nang'ombe Lumbe Nalwange Simataa 0978863766 Primary School 108 Maintenance Of Gravel Road From Sioma Nang'ombe Lumbe Muyambango .M 0979867144 To Lumbe 109 Drilling Of A Borehole At Sabelo Primary Nang'ombe Nang'ombe Mulonda .M 0971589174 School-Nang'ombe 200 | P a g e 201 SESHEKE DISTRICT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2024 - 2034 NO PROJECT NAME WARD ZONE AMOUNT CONTACT PERSON PHONE APPLIED 110 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Nang'ombe Lumbe Muyambango Matome 0979867144 Malomwe Primary School 111 Installation Of Solar Pannels At Nang'ombe Nang'ombe Nang'ombe John Kameya 0976476044 Primary School 112 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Nang'ombe Nang'ombe Likando .M 0977921864 Nang'ombe Primary Sch. 113 Rehabilitation Of Staff Houses At Nang'ombe Nang'ombe Likumbi Samba 0958379024 Nang'ombe For Agriculture Officers 114 Construction Of A 1x3 Classroom Block At Silumbu Kalobolelwa Pelekelo Mweze 097818955 Namikuta Primary School 115 Rehabilitation Of A 1x3 Classroom Block Silumbu Kaale Mubita Mubotana 0972004217 Kaale Primary School 116 Drilling Of A Borehole At Liomboko Silumbu Silumbu Monty Lungu 0774908047 201 | P a g e