Nyimba Town Council Integrated Development Plan 2020-2030

2.3.1. Spatial Distribution of Settlements ........................................................................................ 23

2.3.2. Spatial Distribution of Water Bodies ..................................................................................... 23 2.3.3.Spatial Distribution of Water Point ........................................................................................ 24 2.3.4.Spatial Distribution of Communication Tower ....................................................................... 25 2.3.5.Spatial Distribution of Health Facilities ................................................................................. 26 2.3.6.Spatial Distribution of Education Facilities............................................................................ 27 2.3.7.Spatial Distribution of Solar Milling Plant ............................................................................. 29 2.3.8.Spatial Distribution of Farm Blocks ....................................................................................... 29 2.3.9.Spatial Distribution of Infrastructures .................................................................................... 30 2.4.Sectoral and Thematic Analysis ................................................................................................ 32 2.4.1.Housing ................................................................................................................................... 32 2.4.2.Water and Sanitation .............................................................................................................. 36 2.4.3.Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 40 2.4.4.Forest ...................................................................................................................................... 46 2.4.5.Tourism ................................................................................................................................... 50 2.4.6.Agriculture .............................................................................................................................. 53 2.4.7.Mining .................................................................................................................................... 56 2.4.8.Health...................................................................................................................................... 58 2.4.9.Transport and Communication ............................................................................................... 62 2.4.10.Education .............................................................................................................................. 65 2.4.11.Social Protection ................................................................................................................... 71 2.4.12.Commerce and Trade............................................................................................................ 74 2.5.Summary.................................................................................................................................... 80 PART THREE: DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ................................................................. 84 8|Integrated Development Plan 3.1.Vision for Long Term Development of the District .................................................................. 84 3.2.Development Goals and Priority Objectives and Strategies ...................................................... 84 3.2.1.Development Priorities ........................................................................................................... 84 3.2.2.Development Goals, Objectives and Strategies ...................................................................... 85 3.3.Spatial development Framework ............................................................................................. 107 3.4.Land Use Planning Policies and Proposals.............................................................................. 110 PART FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME ........................................................... 112 4.1.Capital Investment Programme ............................................................................................... 112 Development Goal 1: Managed and Protected Environment and Natural Resources for a Friendly Ecosystem ....................................................................................................................... 112 Development Goal 2: Managed and Regulated Forest Resources Exploitations in the District ... 113 Development Goal 3: Explored, Protected, and Managed Protected Areas in the District ........... 115 Development Goal 4: Improved Power Distribution in Urban and Rural Part of the District for Sustainable Economic Development ....................................................................................... 115 Development Goal 5: Sustainable Housing Unit Supply in the District for Environmental, Social and Economic Benefits ....................................................................................................... 117 Development Goal 6: Improved Water Supply and Sanitation Levels for Sustainable Development .................................................................................................................................. 118 Development Goal 7: Increased Crop Yield and Healthy livestock in the District for Poverty Reduction ....................................................................................................................................... 120 Development Goal 8: Regulated and Managed Mining Activities in the District for Economic Growth .......................................................................................................................... 125 Development Goal 9: Enhanced Healthy Service Provision through Improved and Efficient Health Care System in the District ................................................................................................ 125 Development Goal 10: Enhanced Education Services with a Reduced Illiteracy Level ............... 128 Development Goal 11: Enhanced Social Protection for Social Inclusion ..................................... 130 Development Goal 12: Good Communication Infrastructure for Efficient Service Delivery ....... 132 4.2.Local Authority’s Financial Plan ............................................................................................. 134 4.3.Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, Including Key Performance Indicators .............................. 136 PART FIVE: CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 160 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 161 9|Integrated Development Plan LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Base Year Population (2020) ............................................................................................ 16 Table 2: Population Growth Rate for Nyimba District.................................................................... 16 Table 3: Inter-District Lifetime Migration Rates ............................................................................ 19 Table 4: Projected Population for the District ................................................................................. 21 Table 5:Housing Infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 32 Table 6:Existing/Proposed Housing Development Projects ............................................................ 34 Table 7:Urban Water Reticulation System ...................................................................................... 36 Table 8: Number of Boreholes and Water Supply Coverage .......................................................... 37 Table 9: Urban Sanitation by Neighborhood ................................................................................... 38 Table 10:District Electricity Supply ................................................................................................ 41 Table 11:Existing Forest Projects .................................................................................................... 49 Table 12:District Total number of farmers and Sheds .................................................................... 53 Table 13:District Total number of Health Facilities and Personnel ................................................ 59 Table 14:District Education Facilities ............................................................................................. 66 Table 15:District Enrolment by Sex and Location .......................................................................... 67 Table 16:District Number of Teachers by Sex and Location .......................................................... 67 Table 17:District Existing Education Projects................................................................................. 69 Table 18:Water Supply infrastructure needs for Nyimba district by 2030...................................... 76 Table 19:Education Facility MLG Establishment Standards .......................................................... 78 Table 20:Education Facility needs for the District by 2030 ............................................................ 78 Table 21:Health Infrastructure MLG Establishment Standards ...................................................... 79 Table 22:Health Facility needs for the District by 2030 ................................................................. 79 Table 23:Tertially and Hospital Infrastructure needs for the District by 2030 ............................... 80 Table 24:Costing of Capital Projects in the District ...................................................................... 112 Table 25: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan.................................................................................... 136 LIST OF MAPS Map 1: Shows the Spatial Location of the District .......................................................................... 15 Map 2: Spatial Distribution of Settlements ..................................................................................... 23 Map 3: Spatial Distribution of Water Bodies .................................................................................. 24 Map 4: Spatial Distribution of Water Points ................................................................................... 24 Map 5: Spatial Distribution of Communication Towers ................................................................. 26 Map 6:Spatial Distribution of Health Facilities ............................................................................... 27 Map 7: Spatial Distribution of Primary Schools ............................................................................. 28 Map 8: Spatial Distribution of Secondary Schools ......................................................................... 28 Map 9:Spatial Distribution of Solar Milling Plants ......................................................................... 29 Map 10:Spatial Distribution of Farms ............................................................................................. 30 Map 11:Spatial Distribution of Infrastructures ................................................................................ 31 Map 12:Community forest management areas in Nyimba .............................................................. 48 Map 13: Scenario One ................................................................................................................... 107 10 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 14: Scenario Two .................................................................................................................. 108 Map 15: Scenario Three ................................................................................................................ 109 Map 16: Chosen Scenario .............................................................................................................. 110 LIST OF GRAPHS Graph 1: District Population Composition ...................................................................................... 17 Graph 2: District Rural Population Composition ............................................................................ 18 Graph 3:District Population Composition ....................................................................................... 19 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Overview of the Integrated Planning Process................................................................. 13 Figure 2:ODF status in Chiefdoms ................................................................................................ 39 11 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n LIST OF ACRONYM IDP Integrated Development Plan ZSA Zambia Statistics Agency NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations CDF Constituency Development Fund EWSCO Eastern Water and Sanitation Company ZESCO Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation ZANIS Zambia National Information Services EPPA Eastern Province Planning Authority SNDP Seventh National Development Plan SDG Sustainable Development Goals GMA Game Management Area CFMG Community Forest Management Group ODF Open Defecation Free ZIFL-P Zambia Integrated Landscape Project 12 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n PART ONE 1. Introduction An Integrated Development Plan (IDP) is a plan for an area that gives an overall framework for development. It aims to co-ordinate the works of the Local Authority with Government Departments and other Development Partners in a coherent manner to improve the quality of life for all the people living in an area. The District Integrated Development Plan therefore, helps the Local Authority to focus on the immediate and most important local needs by taking into account the resources available in the community. The plan further provides cost-effective way of addressing problems and providing services in specific areas in the district. The IDP helps speed up service delivery in the most efficient and effective manner to the most impoverished areas without leaving anyone behind. It helps to attract additional funds, strengthen democracy through active participation of all the key stakeholders. Figure 1 provides an over view planning process undertaken to prepare the district Integrated Development Plan. Figure 1: Overview of the Integrated Planning Process Preparation of Planning Programme Undertaking Planning Survey and Issues Report Preparation of a Spatial Development Framework Preparation of an Implementation Plan and IDP Approval Source: IDP Guidelines Volume One 13 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

1.1. Legal Requirements The Urban and Regional Planning Act No. 3 of 2015 demands that, Local Authorities prepare IDPs to coordinate developmental programmes and activities with other Developmental Agencies. The Integrated Development Plans are a National priority in the National Planning and Budgeting Policy and National Development Plan. The above law stipulates that ans Integrated development plan shall be the principal planning instrument to guide and inform all planning and development in the area of a local authority and all planning decisions of a planning authority.

1.2. District Spatial Location Nyimba District is located in the Southern Part of Eastern Province, 330 km east of Lusaka the Capital City of Zambia and 240 km west of Chipata the Provincial Capital of Eastern Province. The District lies between 13°30′ latitude and 14°45′ longitude, 31° west and 32° east. It spans along the Great East Road Corridor and characterized by mountainous topography and flat terrain. The Administrative Boundary of Nyimba District borders with Luangwa, Rufunsa, Luano, Mkushi, Serenje, Lusangazi and Petauke districts and as well as The Republic of Mozambique. The scenery beauty of the district is enhanced by Luangwa River, which is one of major rivers in Zambia that cuts across North South of its Administrative boarder, thereby giving its spatial dynamics endowed with more varieties of flora and fauna. The spatial location for the district is shown in map 1 below. 14 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 1: Shows the Spatial Location of the District Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS 15 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n PART TWO: PLANNING SURVEY AND ISSUES REPORT The section below provides the highlights on the prevailing issues in the district. This will inform formulation of development framework that will help in addressing the core problems that will be established.

2.1. Demographic Analysis This section provides demographic analysis in order to inform the assessment of service provision and guide planning of development programmes in the district.

2.1.1. Population and Population Growth Understanding population dynamics and trends form the basis for planning due to limited resources. Learning the trends of population growth within a particular locality helps anticipate the future needs of the area, provide products and services that will satisfy the growing population’s needs. Table 2.1 provide the segregated population estimate for the base year 2020 that will be used in the preparation of Nyimba District Integrated Development Plan. Table 1: Base Year Population (2020) District and Rural/Urban Population Size Overall Male Female Nyimba 102,835 50,738 52,098 Rural 86,559 42,803 43,755 Urban 16,276 7,935 8,343 Source: CSO Population and Demographic Projection, 2013 Effective Integrated Development Planning takes into consideration population growth for an overall IDP period, and in this regards, Table 2.2 provides an overall growth rate and the growth rate for urban and rural parts of the District. Table 2: Population Growth Rate for Nyimba District Nyimba Population Size 2000 Population Size 2010 Annual Growth Rate (2000-2010) Overall Male Female Overall Male Female Male Female Overall Overall 70,299 34,754 35,545 85,025 41,992 43,033 1.91 1.93 1.92 Rural 69,108 34,175 34,933 77,359 38,254 39,105 1.13 1.13 1.13 Urban 1,191 579 612 7,666 3,738 3,959 20.50 20.53 20.47 Source: CSO 2000 and 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing. Nyimba District had an overall population growth rate from 2000 and 2010 censuses of population and housing of 1.92 with a rural growth rate of 1.13, and an urban growth rate of 20.47 percent. 16 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.1.2. Population Characteristics Information on the age and sex structure is essential in the analysis of demographic data such as fertility, mortality and migration. The analysis in this section focuses on age and sex composition of the population. The 2010 Census of Population and Housing provides the population statistics for Nyimba district presented in the sub-section below:

2.1.3. Age and Sex Composition Age and sex composition of the district provide an insight to understand development programmes that can benefit all age and sex groups in the district. Graph 1: District Population Composition Source: CSO 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing. The population for Nyimba district is segmented into sex and age group, and as shown in Graph 1, the age group between 0 – 4 years had the highest population and the age group 60 – 64 had the lowest population. 17 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Graph 2: District Rural Population Composition Source: 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing The district rural population composition is segmented into sex and age group and as shown in Graph 2, the age group between 0 – 4 years had the highest population and the age group 60 – 64 had the lowest population. 18 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Graph 3:District Population Composition Source: 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing The district urban population composition is segmented into sex and age group and as shown in Graph 3, the age group between 0 – 4 years had the highest population and the age group 60 – 64 had the lowest population.

2.1.3. Migration and Urbanisation Nyimba District like any other district has been experiencing migration due to factors such as employment, education, trade, etc. In and Out-Migration has a major bearing on the nature of development in the district. Table 3 shows the rate of inter-district migration in the district. Table 3: Inter-District Lifetime Migration Rates Population In-Migration Out-Migration Net-Migration Gross-Migration Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 80,553 14,656 18.2 -252,779 -313.80 267,435 332.0 -238,123 -295.6 Source: 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing Urbanisation in Nyimba District has been growing at a very fast rate with the urban growth from 1,191 people in 2000 to 7,666 people in 2010. The exponential growth is due to socio and economic development coupled with infrastructure development emerging in the district at a fast rate. 19 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.1.4. Fertility and Mortality Rate Fertility and Mortality Rate plays a major role in understanding factors that works against interventions designed to provide a reduction in overall death rate against the fertility rate in the District. The 2010 census statistics indicates that, Nyimba District fertility stood at 6.8 which was slightly above the average fertility rate of 6.6 for the Province. However, against the fertility rate, the district infant mortality rate stood at 91.4 slightly below the province’s average infant mortality rate of 97.0 and on the negative side. The district had the highest child mortality rate of 143.1 moderately higher than the province’s average child mortality rate of 99.3. The district under five (5) mortality rate stood at 234.5 which is significantly higher than the province’s average under five (5) mortality rate of 143.1. Furthermore, the crude death rate for the district by sex stood at 22.5 for males and 20.3 for females giving an overall 21.4 total. This placed Nyimba district to be the highest in the province with an average crude death rate of 15.6 percent.

2.1.5. Disability Status The District Integrated Development Plan takes in consideration the less privileged in the society for inclusive planning which form the basis of effective development implementation. The 2010 census statistics shows Nyimba district with the highest percentage of people living with disabilities in the province. The statistics for the district stood at 2.8 percent for males and 2.5 percent for females, giving an overall 2.6 percent slightly higher than 2.1 percent for the province.

2.1.6. Median Age Median age is the age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups i.e. half the population are younger than that age while the other half are older. A median age that is lower than 20 years shows a young population; that which is between 20 and 30 years indicates an intermediate population that is either becoming younger or ageing; while a population with a median age above 30 years is an old population. The 2010 census statistics shows the median age for the district to be at 16 years, implying that Nyimba district has a young population. This has a significant advantage on the socio-economic development of the district owning to the fact that, there is readily available human labour that can be engaged in district project implementation for sustainable growth. 20 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.1.7. Age Dependency Ratio Age Dependency Ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 years and persons aged 65 years and older, per 100 persons of working age 15-64 years. It shows the burden of dependency on the productive population. The 2010 census statistics shows that, the district has an overall age dependency ratio of 114.9 translating from the child dependency ratio of 107.4 and aged dependency ratio of 7.4 per 100 persons of working age 15-64 years. This has potential to slow down development in the district has it translate into few persons actively contributing to socio- economic development of the district and at the same been over burdened by a bigger class on inactive population toward the growth of the local economy.

2.1.8. Sex Composition This section analyses the composition of males and females in the population using sex ratio. Sex ratio is the number of males per 100 females. A value above 100 indicates excess of males over females. The 2010 census statistics shows that, Nyimba district had a sex ratio of 97.6 males per 100 females, a 1.2 percent deficit of males. Furthermore, Nyimba district had a sex ratio at birth of 101.7 males per 100 females. This shows that the district records more deaths in males as compared to females.

2.2. Projected Population and Likely Characteristics This section provides the projected population for the district in 5, 10 and 20 years. This runs from 2020 to 2040, which is the period for the district Integrated Development Plan. Table 4 provides the projected population figures to guide in the assessment of future service demand. Table 4: Projected Population for the District Population Size 2010 Population Size 2020 Annual Growth Rate (2020-2025) Overall Male Female Overall Male Female Male Female Overall Overall 85,025 41,992 43,033 102,835 50,737 52,098 1.94 1.96 1.95 Rural 77,359 38,254 39,105 86,559 42,803 43,755 1.13 1.13 1.13 Urban 7,666 3,738 3,959 16,276 7,934 8,343 5.91 5.92 5.92 Chisimbwe 857 429 428 1,039 519 520 1.94 1.96 1.95 Katipa 980 494 486 1,187 587 600 1.94 1.96 1.95 Vizimumba 13,604 6,769 6,835 17,488 9,269 8,219 1.94 1.96 1.95 Mtilizi 5,899 2,935 2,964 7,156 3,593 3,563 1.94 1.96 1.95 Ngozi 9,146 4,524 4,622 11,094 5,601 5,493 1.94 1.96 1.95 Nyimba 9,148 4,475 4,673 10,705 5,234 5,471 1.57 1.59 1.58 Lwezi 5,290 2581 2,709 6,417 3,283 3,134 1.94 1.96 1.95 Chiweza 11,086 5,509 5,577 12,552 5,863 6,689 1.94 1.96 1.95 Kaliwe 8,651 4,269 4,382 10,494 5,310 5,184 1.94 1.96 1.95 Mombe 4,889 2,349 2,540 5,571 1,644 3,927 1.30 1.32 1.31 Chinambi 9,213 4,560 4,653 11,176 5,639 5,537 1.94 1.96 1.95 Chamilala 3,970 1,999 1,971 4,816 2,389 2,427 1.94 1.96 1.95 Luangwa 2,292 1,099 1,193 2,780 1,446 1,334 1.94 1.96 1.95 Population Size 2020 Population Size 2030 Annual Growth Rate (2020-2030) Overall Male Female Overall Male Female Male Female Overall Overall 102,835 50,738 52,098 124,497 61,365 63,132 1.92 1.94 1.93 Rural 86,559 42,803 43,755 96,852 47,893 48,959 1.13 1.13 1.13 Urban 16,276 7,935 8,343 27,645 13,472 14,173 5.44 5.44 5.44 Chisimbwe 1,039 519 520 2,705 1,336 1,369 1.94 1.96 1.95 Katipa 1,187 587 600 2,853 1,404 1,449 1.94 1.96 1.95 21 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Vizimumba 17,488 9,269 8,219 19,154 10,086 9,068 1.94 1.96 1.95 Mtilizi 7,156 3,593 3,563 8,826 4,410 4,416 1.94 1.96 1.95 Ngozi 11,094 5,601 5,493 12,760 6,418 6,342 1.94 1.96 1.95 Nyimba 10,705 5,234 5,471 12,571 6,257 6,313 1.57 1.59 1.58 Lwezi 6,417 3,283 3,134 8,083 4,100 3,983 1.94 1.96 1.95 Chiweza 12,552 5,863 6,689 14,218 6,680 7,538 1.94 1.96 1.95 Kaliwe 10,494 5,310 5,184 12,280 6,247 6,033 1.94 1.96 1.95 Mombe 5,571 1,644 3,927 7,237 2,502 4,776 1.30 1.32 1.31 Chinambi 11,176 5,639 5,537 12,882 6,456 6,386 1.94 1.96 1.95 Chamilala 4,816 2,389 2,427 6,482 3,206 3,276 1.94 1.96 1.95 Luangwa 2,780 1,446 1,334 4,446 2,263 2,183 1.94 1.96 1.95 Source: 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing The district is likely to experience to experience a moderate growth from 102,835 to 124,497 with the IDP implementation period, giving a representation of 21percent population increase as shown in Table 4. This increase put more pressure on scarce resource and increase further the dependency ratio. However, with this possible increase the district has potential to grow giving possibility of equal citizen participation in the socio-economic growth agenda in order to match human population increase with socio-economic growth. This will in turn help in addressing the likely future increase in the demand for social and economic services required in the sustenance of the district. Given a situation where the human population growth is not matched with socio- economic growth, the possible outcome will be increase in social delinquencies, high poverty levels among the locals, conflict in scarce resources among many other issues that emanate with unmatched development. 22 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.3. Spatial Analysis The section provides the spatial analysis on the impact of the continuation of existing population trends on land use and population distribution.

2.3.1. Spatial Distribution of Settlements Nyimba District has a total number of 801 settlements spatially distributed along the plateau and the valley as shown in map 2 below: Map 2: Spatial Distribution of Settlements Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS As can be deduced from the figure above, 70% of human settlements are concentrated on the plateau along the Great East Road and 30% of these settlements are dotted along the valley which is primarily a Game Management Area. Provided the population growth remains constant, the district will continue to experience population growth trends in the plateau along the Great East Road while the population growth trends in the valley will continue to grow at a slow pace with possible decline due to human-animal conflict and poor road network.

2.3.2. Spatial Distribution of Water Bodies Nyimba District has three (3) major rivers namely; Luangwa, Lukusashi and Lunsenfwa River. The District also has seven (7) minor rivers namely; Mulangozi, Mulembo, Mvuvye, 23 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Msanzara, Mchimadzi , Nyimba, and Chibeza River and several streams as can be seen in map 3. Map 3: Spatial Distribution of Water Bodies Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

2.3.3. Spatial Distribution of Water Point The rural part of the district has portable water through the installation of boreholes. Approximately, out of the 571 installed boreholes in the rural parts of the district, only 456 boreholes are functional leaving a total number of 115 non-functional boreholes. The installed boreholes supply water to a rural population of 86,559 people. With reference to the standards, this entails that the 456 functional boreholes are sufficient to supply to more than the rural population given the standard of 1 borehole equivalent to 250 people. However, as shown in Map 4, boreholes are concentrated in Vizimumba, Ngozi, Chamilala, Mombe, Nyimba, Mtilizi, Lwezi, and Katipa ward, leaving the rest with inadequate water points. Furthermore, as can be seen from the figure below, the district has three (3) dams that supply water for livestock and agricultural activities to serve a population of about 16,200 people. Map 4: Spatial Distribution of Water Points 24 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

2.3.4. Spatial Distribution of Communication Tower The District has approximately 30 communication towers spread across all the wards with exception of Luangwa, Katipa, Chamilala ward. Map 5 shows that the communication towers are more concentrated on the plateau, which takes about 50 percent of the district spatial extent. Given the 10km radius coverage, about 90 percent of the valley has no communication network due to non-availability of communication towers. 25 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 5: Spatial Distribution of Communication Towers Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

2.3.5. Spatial Distribution of Health Facilities Nyimba district has a total number of 44 Health facilities, out of which 27 were Rural Health Posts, 14 Rural Health Centres, 2 Clinics, and 1 District Hospital. From their spatial distribution shown in Map 6, the health facilities are concentrated on the plateau mainly because, 91% of the valley spatial extent is a Game Management area despite having the presence of human settlements. 26 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 6:Spatial Distribution of Health Facilities Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

2.3.6. Spatial Distribution of Education Facilities Nyimba district had a total number of 76 Education facilities, out of which 65 were Primary Schools, 7 Secondary Schools, and 4 Boarding Schools. Like most social facilities, education facilities as shown in Map 7 and Map 8 are mostly concentrated in the plateau mainly because the valley is mostly a National Game Management area even though there is the presence of human settlements. 27 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 7: Spatial Distribution of Primary Schools Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS Map 8: Spatial Distribution of Secondary Schools Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS 28 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.3.7. Spatial Distribution of Solar Milling Plant Nyimba district had 12 Solar Milling Plants concentrated mainly on the Southeast part of the district closer to the Great East Road as shown in Map 9. This shows that the majority of the rural populations has distance challenges in accessing the facilities. Map 9:Spatial Distribution of Solar Milling Plants Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

2.3.8. Spatial Distribution of Farm Blocks Nyimba District is a predominately agricultural district. As shown in Map 10, the spatial distribution of agriculture sites is spread abroad the face of the district near the streams. Small- scale farmers who constitute the bigger proportion of the district population in the districts occupy farm blocks in the district. 29 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 10:Spatial Distribution of Farms Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

2.3.9. Spatial Distribution of Infrastructures Nyimba district as can been seen in the spatial presentation in Map 11 infrastructure development is concentrated in the plateau, south-east of the district within a radius of 20km along the Great East Road. This creates a situation where the local people outside the radius have to travel on average 75km to access services such as legal aid, milling facilities, secondary school education, etc. 30 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 11:Spatial Distribution of Infrastructures Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS 31 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.4. Sectoral and Thematic Analysis Development in Nyimba district is been facilitated by key stakeholders such as government institutions and organisations to achieve a common goal under the following sectoral areas; Housing, Water and Sanitation, Energy, Environmental and Natural Resources, Forest, Tourism, Agriculture, Mining, Health, Transport and Communication, Education, and Social Protection sector.

2.4.1. Housing The housing and infrastructure sector superintend over the designing, procuring and construction of all infrastructure in order to improve planning and coordination, standardize quality and efficiency in the delivery of Infrastructure in the Country. Below is a review of existing policies and plans that govern the performance of the sector in the district.

2.4.1.1. The National Housing Policy The National Housing policy provides a direction to change the pattern of housing development in Zambia and restore its growth. It provides the framework for sustainable housing development and provides a mechanism for ensuring that limited resources are utilized efficiently, thereby addressing poverty alleviation (National Housing Policy, 1996).

2.4.1.2. The Seventh National Development Plan (SNDP) The Seventh National Development Plan promotes access to decent housing in rural areas by formalising and upgrading informal settlements. The plan focuses on livelihood improvement by ensuring that the rural poor gain access to decent accommodation and secure land tenure (SNDP, 2017).

2.4.1.3. Existing State of Development The section below gives description on the existing state of development in Nyimba district.

2.4.1.4. Availability of Service Provision The District has a number of ongoing infrastructure development under housing sector being implemented by the Central Government, Local Government, besides Individuals and other cooperating organisations. Table 5 provides data on the number and categories of housing infrastructural in the district. Table 5:Housing Infrastructure Ward Housing High-Cost Medium-Cost Low-Cost Total Chisimbwe 0 0 148 148 Katipa 0 0 169 169 32 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Vizimumba 0 29 2,198 2,227 Mtilizi 0 0 1,022 1,022 Ngozi 2 472 1,084 1,558 Nyimba 121 825 475 1,421 Lwezi 0 0 916 916 Chiweza 0 0 1,793 1,793 Kaliwe 0 0 1,499 1,499 Mombe 0 211 495 706 Chinambi 0 0 1,596 1,596 Chamilala 0 0 688 688 Luangwa 0 0 397 397 Total 123 1,537 12,480 14,140 Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department Housing Infrastructure development in the sectors as shown in table 5 indicates a cumulative figure of 14,140 housing for both high, medium, and low cost. Nyimba district urban area had formalized five (5) informal settlements namely; Mtendere, Kapusa, Nyausali, Katenthe and Ben Compound. Furthermore, the district had upgraded one (1) settlement called Vikonde to enhance security of land tenure for the local people.

2.4.1.5. Quality of Service Provision Nyimba district with reference to part 1 of this document under demographic analysis, has an overall population of 102,835 people. With a rural population of 86,559 people and an urban population of 16,276 people. The overall household size is 5.2 persons with a rural household size of 5.3 persons and an urban household size of 5.1 persons (CSO, 2010). This translate into an overall household of 19,776 with a rural household of 16,332 and urban household of 3,191. The total number of housing in the district stood at 14,140 houses, with rural housing of 12,013 and urban housing of 2,127. Measuring the current housing stock against the total number of households in the district indicates a housing backlog of 5,636 with rural housing backlog of 4,309 and urban housing backlog of 1,064. An analysis the condition of housing standards in the district revealed that 90 percent of the rural houses are not conducive for human habitation, and 37 percent of the urban houses are not conducive for human habitation. This was measured using the World Habitat Housing standards. In the quest to provide an enabling environment for decent accommodation and access to housing finances from financial lending institutions that demand for secure land tenure, the local authority had upgraded one (1) out of the five (5) formalized settlements. Furthermore, the local authority in collaboration with the Provincial Planning Authority and Ministry of 33 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Lands had planned and numbered a total number of 3,000 residential parcels, an initial requirement for the land titling exercise.

2.4.1.6. Public Participation Process The major issues that arose during the public participation process was lack of decent accommodation for education and health personnel in rural areas. This has created lapses in the quality of service provision to the communities. This situation had resulted in a number of personnel requesting for transfers and resigning from their posts. Furthermore, the low supply for housing accommodation in the district had contributed to high rental, which most personnel and local people are struggling to afford.

2.4.1.7. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district, and the existing and proposed project to copy with population increase. 2.4.1.7.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services The population changes anticipated in the next ten (10) years will likely reach 151,019 people with rural population projection of 108,156 people and urban population projection of 42,863 people. This likely change in population will increase the housing deficit from 5,636 houses to 14,617 houses. This will in turn push the rentals further upward. 2.4.1.7.2. Existing and Proposed Housing Development Projects/Programmes The district in an effort to reduce the housing backlog, has a number of projects being implemented by government and other stakeholders. Table 6 shows the existing and proposed housing development in the district. Table 6:Existing/Proposed Housing Development Projects Implementing Agency Ward No. of High-Cost No. of Medium-Cost No. of Low-Cost Total Zambia National Building Nyimba 387 106 - 493 Society Ministry of Works and Supply Nyimba - 10 20 30 Ministry of Local Nyimba 2 - - 2 Government Vizimumba - 1 - 1 Chiweza - 1 - 1 Total 389 118 20 527 Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department 2.4.1.7.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution The continuation of existing trend of development in the district has an impact on land use, Though the rate of sector growth is low in the district, housing development will demand a 34 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n total maximum land of about 26.9ha and as seen, in part one under spatial analysis, population distribution will continue to be concentrated in the plateau along the Great East Road. 2.4.1.7.4. Existing Trend on Environment The existing trend of housing development in the district has a negative impact on the environment. This is due to the fact that, housing development is taking shape without consideration of the environmental concerns, building of climate resilient housing infrastructure and omission of the use of green technology. Regardless of the slow housing infrastructure development in the district, the continuation of the existing trend in the construction technology, will continue to encourage the emissions of greenhouse gasses, drying up and contamination of water bodies and depletion of flora and fauna.

2.4.1.8. Gender and Vulnerable Groups The application of a 30 percent land allocation policy in the district had seen an increase in the number of women accessing land for housing development. This is evidenced in 2018 Nyimba Valuation Roll which approximately shows about 40 percent women owning at least one property. The percentage present an indication that women have access to financial services and are able to build houses. This paradigm shift has created a reduction in poverty levels as women who constitute a majority in the country’s population are now able to lease out their properties to generate income. However, with regard to the paradigm shift with women groups, social vulnerable groups such as the differently abled in the district, approximately 5 percent persons that owns a property. This present a huge sector assignment in achieving a 50 50 equal opportunities for all in the district.

2.4.1.9. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The major underlying factor contributing to the identified issues is with regard to traditional norms that excludes women groups in acquiring properties, and lack of secure land tenure for different social groups. This renders them incapable of mortgaging the properties to finance other housing developmental projects due to the fact that, about 60 percent land owned by women and vulnerable groups had no legal ownership documents. The other major factor regarding the identified issues is that, about 95 percent women and vulnerable groups in rural areas lack access to information of land acquisition and legal ownership of properties. 35 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.4.2. Water and Sanitation Water and Sanitation sector oversees the provision of safe and quality water, and ensures upholding the standards for sanitation. The issues outlined below provide a review on existing policies and plans that govern the performance of the sector in the district.

2.4.2.1. National Water Policy The national water policy (2010) ensures that, within the district there is a development of a comprehensive framework for water resources management and protection with the consultation and involvement of stakeholders.

2.4.2.2. Seventh National Development Plan (SNDP) The Seventh National Development Plan (2017) works to accomplish the enhancement of rainwater harvesting and catchment protection, and supply of adequate safe water and sanitation in the district.

2.4.2.3. Existing State of Development The section below gives description on the existing of development in Nyimba district. 2.4.2.3.1. Availability of Service Provision The service provision under water and sanitation sector in the district is the amount of water quality supply for consumption and the water supply coverage. The outline below provides the presentation of sector service provision for both urban and rural parts of the district. 2.4.2.3.1.1. Urban Water Supply Water in the urban area is been supplied through the installed boreholes and a water reticulation system by Eastern Water and Sanitation Company (EWSCO). The urban part of the district has a total number of 33 functional boreholes installed in Nyimba ward and 27 functional boreholes in installed in Mombe ward. Furthermore, from the 1,723 households in Nyimba ward, 1,467 households are connected to water reticulation system and 129 households using communal water points as shown in Table 7 below. The figures give a representation of 93% water supply coverage in the urban part of the district. Table 7:Urban Water Reticulation System No. HH connected to No. HH using Communal Area Name No. of HH EWSC Water points % Water Coverage Riverside 181 108 68 36 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n CBD 31 19 22 100 Samorah 1 384 294 7 98 Prisons 23 18 1 82 Mozah 1 161 161 9 100 Airstrip 274 274 1 100 Boma 31 2 24 100 Council Housing 65 55 84 FTC 14 14 100 Hospital 12 6 5 98 Kapusa 45 45 1 100 Katenthe 40 40 2 100 Market 28 3 37 100 Samorah 2 403 403 19 100 Police 31 25 1 83 Total 1,723 1,467 129 1,413 Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department 2.4.2.3.1.2. Rural Water Supply Eastern Water and Sewerage Company supply water in Kaliwe ward through an installed mechanized water reticulation system to service 100 households with a total population of 530 people. Furthermore, the rural part of the district had a total number of 424 functional boreholes. Given the borehole population standards of 1 to 250 people, the functional boreholes given equal distribution can serve a total population of 106,000 people. Unfortunately, as can be seen in Table 8, the installation of boreholes as not been equally distributed thereby giving a situation of inadequate water points in communities. Table 8: Number of Boreholes and Water Supply Coverage Ward Name Population Exp No of Current No of Current No of Non- % of Water Protected Water Functional Water Functional Water Coverage by Sources Sources Sources Ward Kaliwe 10,494 44 42 2 95.5 Luangwa 2,780 8 1 7 12.5 Chinambi 11,176 57 49 7 86 Vizimumba 17,488 88 67 21 76 Mtilizi 7,156 73 57 16 78 Ngozi 11,094 83 71 12 85.5 Chiweza 12,552 64 55 9 86 Luezi 6,417 47 40 7 85 Chamilala 4,816 20 18 2 90 Katipa 1,187 19 13 6 68 Chinsimbwe 1,039 14 11 3 78 Total 86,199 517 424 92 76Avg 37 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department 2.4.2.3.2. Urban Sanitation The urban area sanitation level was at 47.9 percent average as shown in Table 9 below. This is because, out of the 1,723 household, only 455 are using Onsite sanitation, giving a remaining number of Household using pit latrine. Table 9: Urban Sanitation by Neighborhood Area Name No. of HH No using Onsite Sanitation % Sanitation Coverage Riverside 181 47 25 CBD 31 9 29 Samorah 384 81 21 Prisons 23 20 86 Mozah 1 161 45 28 Airstrip 274 48 17 Boma 31 31 100 Council Housing 65 16 24 FTC 14 9 64 Hospital 12 10 83 Kapusa 45 58 100 Katenthe 40 33 83 Market 28 7 25 Nyimba East 403 33 8 Police 31 8 26 Total 1,723 455 7.1. Avg Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department 2.4.2.3.3. Rural Sanitation The Open Defecation Status defines the sanitation levels in the rural parts of the district. Figure 2 shows that, Mwape Chiefdom had the highest level and Nyalugwe Chiefdom had the lowest level to attain an ODF status. 38 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Figure 2:ODF status in Chiefdoms Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

2.4.2.4. Quality of Service Provision The quality of service provision in the water and sanitation sector in relation to water supply and sanitation was on average. This was with reference to the performance indicators in the areas of concern which shows that approximately 53percent of households had access to water supply and onsite sanitation.

2.4.2.5. Public Participation Process The major issue arising from the public participation process was that; the district had uneven distribution of water points. This created a situation where wards on the plateau had more than adequate water points for its population while leaving the valley wards with inadequate water points.

2.4.2.6. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district. 2.5.2.6.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services The population for the district is likely to grow by 50 percent in the next ten (10) as depicted in Part One under population projection. This change will increase demand for more water point facilities all across the district. 39 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 2.5.2.6.2. Existing and Proposed Water and Sanitation Development Projects/ Programmes In an effort to match population increase in the district, the Local Authority and World Vision have proposed to drill on average 10 boreholes on annual basis. Furthermore, in order to enhance sanitation levels in the district, the Local Authority is running an Open Defecation Free status attainment programme in all the 13 wards. 2.5.2.6.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution Given the continuation of the existing trend in the sector development, the district will continue to record growth in agricultural and livestock activities along the established water sources. This entails that, population distribution will continue in the same pattern along the plateau where there is a concentration of water points. 2.5.2.6.4. Existing Trend on the Environment Given the continuation of the existing poor sanitation trend in urban areas, the district will record high levels environmental pollution. This will in turn contaminate the soil, ground and source water and ultimately compromise the human and animal life.

2.5.2.7. Gender and Vulnerable Groups The increased water supply infrastructure in the district had helped to reduce the burden of women and the girls moving long distances to access clean and safe water to drink. The provision of clean water has enhanced hygiene practices in both men and women, especially the girl child with regard to menstrual hygiene.

2.5.2.8. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The underlying factor contributing to the identified Issues is mainly the lack of spatial analysis in the distribution of water point. This had caused biased drilling and installation of boreholes in the rural parts of the district.

2.4.3. Energy The energy sector coordinates the supply of electricity and petroleum products in the country to enhance social and economic development. Below is a review of existing policies and plans that govern the performance of the sector in the district.

2.5.3.1. National Energy Policy 40 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The policy ensures the availability of adequate supply of energy from various sources, which are dependable, at the lowest economic, financial, social and environmental cost and consistent with national development goals (National Energy Policy, 2008)

2.5.3.2. Seventh National Development Plan The planning document planned to achieve the following between 2017 and 2021: 1. Enhance Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electricity; 2. Promote Renewable and Alternative Energy; 3. Improve Electricity Access to Rural and Peri-Urban Areas

2.5.3.3. Existing State of Development The section below gives a description on the existing development in Nyimba district.

2.5.3.4. Availability of Service Provision The district had recorded the following service provision in the Energy Sector in four (4) categories of the energy sources: - 2.5.3.4.1. Hydro Electric Energy Nyimba District is connected to the National Grid on a 33KV Overhead line from a 66/33 KV Azele receiver substation. It had a 2.5 MVA 33/11KV main substation with three 11KV feeders to distribute and supply the areas within Nyimba CBD. Furthermore, the district had more than 2000 infrastructure connected to the network. Table 10 provides the proportion of district facilities connected to ZESCO power supply. Table 10:District Electricity Supply Location % of facilities Connected % of Facilities Pending Connection Nyimba Urban 60 40 Nyimba Peri-urban 50 50 Nyimba Rural 25 75 Average 45 55 Source: Nyimba ZESCO 2.5.3.4.2. Solar Energy The District has two mini solar power stations with a mini grid in Katenthe and Kacholola settlements. Further, private organization such as Airtel and MTN are providing renewable solar Energy to the locals. 2.5.3.4.3. Petroleum Energy The district had three service stations namely Mount Meru, Puma and Oryx filling station. All the three filling stations provide Diesel, Petrol, Paraffin, lubricants and free Pressure to both local people and people on transit. 41 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.5.3.5. Quality of Service Provision The quality of service provision in the district was at 60percent. This was because the district still relies exclusively on hydro energy from the Zambia main utility company. This had disadvantaged mostly the poor people who depend primarily on the power supply for the main utility company for connection.

2.5.3.6. Public Participation Process The major issue that was affecting people in the district was lack of resources to switch to alternative energy sources such as solar, bio fuel, wind energy. For this reason, people opted to continue cutting down trees for energy, an activity that is contributing to climate change.

2.5.3.7. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district. 2.5.3.7.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services The population changes anticipated in the next ten (10) years, as highlighted in part one under population projection will put pressure on the supply of energy to support the increased social and economic activities of the population. 2.5.3.7.2. Existing and Proposed Energy Development Projects In an effort to enhance improved electricity access to rural parts of the district as outlined in the Seventh National Development Plan (2017), Rural Electrification Authority is undertaking electricity connection to Luembe Chiefdom. However, the project implementation has been taking shape at a very slow pace in the district. 2.5.3.7.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution The continuation of the existing trend in the sector development in the district will continue to contribute to deforestation in the district. This is mainly due to the absence of electric supply which forces people resort to cutting down trees for charcoal burning as a source of energy. Furthermore, 81 percent of electricity supply in the district is in the urban and peri-urban area, which is mainly on the plateau along the Great East Road. This will continue to concentrate the population distribution along the Great East. 2.5.3.7.4. Existing Trend on the Environment The energy sector has continued to grow due to the energy demand for commercial and domestic use. This growth is due to the growth in the district population and economic 42 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n activities. Therefore, given the trend, the growth is likely to affect the environment positively as it will bring about the reduction in level of deforestation for charcoal burning. This will in turn enhance the preservation of nature and help in the reduction of climate change effects in the district.

2.5.3.8. Gender and Vulnerable Groups Regardless of the sector growth mainly concentrated in the urban and peri-urban areas of the district, women and vulnerable groups have access to electricity supply from the main utility company. Furthermore, Zambia Integrated Landscape Project in coordination with Ministry of Energy is sensitizing women, vulnerable and all social groups on efficient energy technologies.

2.5.3.9. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The major underlying factor contributing to the identified issues are mainly due to lack of resources to explore alternative energy sources. This ultimately will continue to contribute to deforestation as people consider cutting down of trees as an energy source to be the cheapest and easiest to access.

2.5.4. Environment and Natural Resource Management The Environment and Natural Resources sector oversees, conserves and preserves wetland resources/wetland environment. It also coordinates climate change programmes; protect plant varieties and livestock breeds. Below is a review on the existing policies and plans that govern the performance of the sector in the District.

2.5.4.1. The National Policy on Environment The policy seeks to provide a framework that allows the implementation of existing, and future initiatives and opportunities in a more coordinated manner, while providing a long-term vision to achieve sustainable development in the district. It further provides a framework for attracting finance and investments to achieve sustainable development goals in the district (The National Policy on Environment, 2007)

2.5.4.2. National Policy on Wetlands The Policy preserves and conserves wetland resources and protect the wetland environment to protect plant varieties, and livestock breeds (National Policy on Wetlands, 2018)

2.5.4.3. Zambia’s Second National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSA-2) 43 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The NBSA-2 ensures that, by 2025 biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy environment and delivering benefits essential for all Zambians and the Zambian economy (NBSA-2, 2015)

2.5.4.4. National Policy on Climate Change The national policy on climate change works to ensure that, it provides a framework for coordinating climate change programmes in order to ensure climate resilient and low carbon development pathways for sustainable development towards the attainment of Zambia's Vision 2030. (National Policy on Climate Change, 2016)

2.5.4.5. Seventh National Development Plan The planning document planes to protect plant varieties, livestock breeds and forestry varieties (Seventh National Development Plan, 2017)

2.5.4.6. Existing State of Development The section below gives a description on the existing development projects in Nyimba district. 2.5.4.6.1. Availability of Service Provision The district is endowed with mineral deposits such as tourmalines and gold and is rich in wildlife resources, fish and timber. Additionally, the district has a total number of three (3) major rivers namely: Luangwa, Lukusashi and Lunsenfwa River. The district has seven (7) minor rivers namely: Mulangozi, Mulembo, Mvuvye, Msanzara, Nyamadzi, Nyimba, and Chibeza River and several streams. Communities own resources such as fertile land for farming as well as a favorable climate and environment for rearing of animals such as goats and cattle, streams and rivers, which provide a conducive agriculture environment for non-rain fed gardening. 2.5.4.6.2. Quality of Service Provision The quality of service provision in the district for the Environmental and Natural Resources Management sector was below average as there were no strides regarding the protection and management of natural resources in the District. This was due to non-implementation of projects in the sector under the seventh national development plan. The sector has continued to record a reduction in the level of natural resources. Furthermore, the district had not performed adequately in protecting plant and forestry varieties and livestock breeds as outlined in the seventh national development plan. This lack of preservation posed a great risk of extinction of endangered plant and animal species.

2.5.4.7. Public Participation Process 44 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The major issues that rose during the public participation process is the depletion of natural resources that are a source of community survival and development. This posed a threat on livelihood sustainability as it contributed to the increase in the community poverty index. Furthermore, the low environmental and natural resources management in the district had contributed to high poverty levels.

2.5.4.8. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten (10) Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district. 2.5.4.8.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Services The District will record a population growth. This will have a negative effect of the preservation of the environment and natural resources if not managed well. There is therefore need to heighten efforts to preserve and conserve wetland resources and protect the wetland environment, coordinate climate change programmes, protect plant varieties and livestock breeds. The mismanagement of resources will increase the poverty index in the district. The population increase will cause the depletion in the land fertility, ground and surface water contamination resulting from the foreseeable increase in unplanned settlements in the rural parts of the district. 2.5.4.8.2. Existing and Proposed Development Projects In order to ensure effective management of the environment and natural resource protection, the sector through the collaboration with Bio Carbon, World Vision, COMACO, and Zambia Integrated Landscape Project is carrying out programmes on alternative livelihoods shift by communities whose livelihoods activities effect the environment and nature resources negatively. 2.5.4.8.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution The continuation of existing trend of development in the district will continue to put more pressure on the natural resources as there is a likelihood of human encroachment in protected forest and game management areas. The population distribution on land tenure issues contribute to deforestation, degradation of the environment, lowering of carrying capacities of soils, poaching and extinction of wildlife resources. 2.5.4.8.4. Existing Trend on Environment 45 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The sector in the district has not recorded any major achievement in the protection and management on natural resources. This had a significant negative impact on community livelihoods and the fauna and flora. 2.5.4.8.5. Gender and Vulnerable Groups The lack of development in environment and natural resource management sector poses a large burden on women and the marginalised in Nyimba district. This is mainly because a contaminated environment and mismanaged natural resources significantly affected the economy negatively thereby increasing the burden of women and the marginalised in livelihood strides.

2.5.4.9. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The major underlying factor contributing to the identified issues in the district was low environmental and natural resources management in preserving and conserving nature resources. Communities exploited the nature resources due to lack of policy implementation in the management and regulation of the environment andnatural resources.

2.4.4. Forest The forest sector oversees the protection, managing, licensing and regeneration of all forests in order to ensure sustainable flow of wood and non-wood forest products and services. While at the same time ensures protection and maintenance of biodiversity for the benefit of the present and future generations through the active participation of all stakeholders. Below is a review on the existing policies and plans that govern the performance of the sector in the district.

2.4.4.1. National Forest Policy The National Forest Policy ensures sustainable management of forest resources for wood fuel production, recognize and support the development of non-wood forest products, regulates exploitation and ensure efficient use of forest resources and products with the district (National Forest Policy, 2014)

2.4.4.2. Seventh National Development Plan The planning document plans to achieve an increase in hectarage of forest under management (Seventh National Development Plan, 2017).

2.4.4.3. Existing State of Development 46 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The section below gives description on the existing of development in Nyimba district. 2.4.4.3.1. Availability of Service Provision Nyimba district had three (3) National Forests namely: West Mvuvye Forest Measuring 63,043 ha, Mvuvye Forest measuring 77,198ha, and Minga Forest measuring 3ha. Additionally, the district had two (2) Local Forest namely: Musima Forest measuring 15,532ha, and Kacholola Scenic Forest measuring 14,924ha. Furthermore, the district had two (2) Community Forest namely Mwansanika and Chikombola in Mombe ward with a hactarage of 2,033ha and 5,331ha respectively founded by Zambia integrated forest landscape project under Ministry of National Development Planning. 2.4.4.3.2. Quality of Service Provision A total number of 26,000 people representing 31 percent of rural population uses forest products as a source of income and livelihood. In the quest to provide an enabling environment for efficient and sustainable use of forest products, the sector had placed approximately 439,466ha of forest under community forest management by Bio-Carbon Partner (BCP) and COMACO in Luembe and Nyalugwe Chiefdoms. These community forests enable the community to participate in carbon credit sells as a source of income, thereby encouraged them to conserve the forests. Map 12 below shows the spatial distribution of community forest management areas in the district. 47 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 12:Community forest management areas in Nyimba Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

2.4.4.4. Public Participation Process The major issues that rose during the public participation process was lack of alternative sources of income in rural areas. This had created lapses in the quality of service provision to the communities. This situation had resulted in massive cutting down of trees and extinction of several tree species.

2.4.4.5. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten (10) Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district. 2.4.4.5.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Services The district will record a population change as highlighted in part one under population projection from the current overall population estimate of 102,835, with rural population estimate of 86,559 people, and urban population estimate of 16,276 people, to the year 2040 population projection of 151,019 people with rural population projection of 108,156 people and urban population projection of 42,863 people. This is increase in population will result in 48 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 29,847 people increase in the demand for forest products in rural areas. Population growth, combined with other direct factors such as poverty, corruption, and weak property rights, contributes to forest loss and severe environmental degradation in the district. 2.4.4.5.2. Existing and Proposed Forest Development Projects The sector in a number of projects in order to increase forest management and conservation under Community Forest Management. Table 11 shows the list of existing project in the district. Table 11:Existing Forest Projects Implementing Agency Ward Proposed Hectares (ha) Zambia Integrated Forest Landscape Project Chamilala 2,000 – 3,000 ha Chiweza 2,000 – 5,000 ha Chinambi 2,000 – 10,000 ha Kaliwe 2,000 – 5,000 ha Katipa 2,000 – 3,000 ha Chinsimbwe 2,000 – 2,500 ha BioCarbon Partners (BCP) Katipa and Chinsimbwe 30,800 ha COMACO Mombe, Chamilala, Katipa, 45,299ha Lwezi, Chinambi Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department The forest sector in the district is likely to grow in the next 10 years despite the global pandemic (COVID-19) which has affected its growth negatively. 2.4.4.5.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution The continuation of existing trend of development in the district has an impact on land use for forest conservation and management. Though the rate of sector growth is high in the district, forest conservation and management under community forest management will increase from 485,466ha to 750,000ha in translation a 64.7 percent increase in the district. However, lapses in forest management had contributed to 40 percent of forest encroachment for agriculture and human settlement. 2.4.4.5.4. Existing Trend on Environment and Climate The existing trend of forest management and conversation in the district has a positive impact on the environment. The management and protection of forest area helps in community sustainability. This mainly because, a well-managed forest helps in the protection of natural resources and wildlife which depends on the forest resource. It also helps in the reduction of climate change effects which come has a result of mismanaging the forest areas.

2.4.4.6. Gender and Vulnerable Groups 49 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The management and enhancement of forest area and placement under community forest management has played a major role in gender balance. The management and protection of forests from possible degradation, mitigates the negative effects of climate change on natural resources and the rainfall pattern. This helps in the reduction of the social and economic burdens that women and girls in communities face.

2.4.4.7. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The major underlying factor contributing to the identified issue is the licensing fees for both production and conveyance of forest products are high. This create a situation where the locals who can afford the fees are forced to engage in illegal cutting down of trees for domestic and commercial use. In addition, lack of income to venture in alternative sources of livelihoods in the rural areas leading to the massive cutting down of trees and environmental degradation.

2.4.5. Tourism Tourism sector oversees the development and growth of the tourism industry in the country through the implementation of policies and plans. The section discusses the policies, plans and performance of the sector in Nyimba district.

2.4.5.1. The National Tourism Policy The national tourism policy foresees the development of the tourism industry that meets the needs of the tourists. It further seeks to promote development in areas that have tourism potential to create forward and backward linkages with other sectors (National Tourism Policy, 2015)

2.4.5.2. The National Parks and Wildlife Policy The National Parks and Wildlife policy promotes the conservation of wildlife as an environment good for socio-economic benefits to the country (National Parks and Wildlife Policy, 2018)

2.4.5.3. The Seventh National Development Plan The Seventh National Development Plan (SNDP) promotes tourism related infrastructure, promote development in areas that have tourism potential and restock national parks (SNDP, 2017)

2.4.5.4. Existing State of Development The section below gives a description on the existing state of development in Nyimba district. 2.4.5.4.1. Availability of Service Provision 50 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Nyimba district has a total number of seven (7) game ranches namely, Pia-Manzi, Nyakolwe, Nyamvu, Mopani, Mbizi, Kazumba and Munyamadzi. The district has operational hunting safaris namely, Mopani hunting outfitter under Luembe hunting block, Nakenda Safari Lodge under Nyalugwe hunting block. 2.4.5.4.2. Quality of Service Provision The quality of service provision in the district is measured by the participation of both the Local and Central Government. The Central Government has performed above average as it has facilitated the development of the sector in the district. This is due to the number of game ranches and safari licenses been issued to operators. The local government has played a role in facilitating the establishing of the tourism facilities through the scrutiny and recommendation of the tourism operators in obtaining the operation licenses. Overall, quality of service provision to the locals is poor as all of these ranches have poor road network and are not easily accessible especially during the rainy season and can only be accessed by air, which most locals can’t afford. Further, the local ranches do not support domestic tourism.

2.4.5.5. Public Participation Process The major issues that rose during the public participation process were human-animal conflict. People have settled in and in very close proximity to the Game Management Area as shown in part one under spatial analysis. The other major issue is fact that, Game Ranches in the district is exclusively restrictive of the local and Zambian access as they are only open for foreigners.

2.4.5.6. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten (10) Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district.

2.4.5.7. Population Change and Future Demand for Services The district population growth as indicated in part one under population projection will continue to pose a negative impact livelihood specifically in Luangwa, Chamilala and |Chinsinbwe wards as human-animal conflict will be higher. This is due to the fact that, the scramble for land between animal and human beings will continue. Furthermore, the district will continue to record an increase in the number Game Ranch prospectors, pushing more pressure on human livelihood and demand for land. 51 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.4.5.8. Existing and Proposed Forest Development Projects The sector has established and operationalized Community Resource Boards (CRBs) in Mwape, Luembe and Nyalugwe chiefdoms with terms of reference in protecting and managing the wildlife in the IDP area. Additionally, Zambia Integrated Forest Landscape Project (ZIFL-P) has proposed to embark on a chill blasting project to reduce human-animal conflict.

2.4.5.9. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution The existing trend of development of the sector will continue to attract the interest in the change of land use. This is mainly because the quest more land in the need to establish Game Ranches will continue to put more pressure on the available limited land. Ultimately, it will affect the population distribution which is concentrated along water sources as communities are likely to be displaced due to change of land use and possible human-animal conflict.

2.4.5.10. Existing Trend on Environment and Climate The existing trend in developing the sector in the district has a positive impact on the environment and climate. The growth of the sector takes into consideration the management and protection of the tourism attraction site. The recorded positive impact will continue as the sector is working to manage and protect tree species and water bodies to ensure environmental sustainability.

2.4.5.11. Gender and Vulnerable Groups The development in the tourism sector has contributed positively in enhancing gender equality. Social economic benefits are being realized from the tourism sector in the district such as, borehole drilling, road grading, and job creation among the many other benefits contributing positively to enhancing the social economic opportunities of women groups and the less privileged. Women are now covering shorter distances to have access to clean and safe water.

2.4.5.12. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The major underlying factor contributing to the identified issues in the district are with regard to human animal conflict. This has resulted an increase in the level of poverty as animals terrorize agriculture produce for people that have settled in and near game management area. 52 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative economic impact on the tourism sector in the district because due to restrictions in movements.

2.4.6. Agriculture Agriculture is the mainstay of Nyimba district’s economy with prime production in maize, groundnuts, cotton, sunflower and bananas, Livestock (cattle, pigs, goats and poultry). The section discusses the policies, plans and performance of the sector in Nyimba district

2.4.6.1. The National Agriculture Policy The overview of the policy is to promote sustainable increase in agricultural productivity of major crops with comparative advantage. The policy seeks to ensure a continuous improvement in agricultural input and product markets to reduce marketing costs and increase profitability and competitiveness of agribusiness (National Agriculture Policy, 2011)

2.4.6.2. Livestock Development Policy The livestock development policy 2012 works to promote increased and sustainable livestock production, productivity and management in order to ensure food security, income generation, creation of employment opportunities and a reduction in poverty levels (Livestock Development Policy, 2012)

2.4.6.3. Seventh National Development Plan The document plans to improve production and productivity, promote diversification within the agriculture sector, enhance investment in agricultural infrastructure, enhance value addition and promote small-scale agriculture (Seventh National Development Plan, 2017)

2.4.6.4. Existing State of Development The section below gives a description on the existing of development in Nyimba district. 2.4.6.4.1. Availability of Service Provision Nyimba district as show in Table 12 has a total number of 39,867 registered farmers and 21 sheds. The established sheds are for grain storage. Table 12:District Total number of farmers and Sheds BLOCK CAMPS Distance from CBD No. of Farmers No. of Sheds Ownership 1 NYALUGWE 96 713 2 MOMBE 42 1650 MOMBE 3 MCHIMADZI 26 518 1 FRA 4 CHAMILALA 76 HOFMEYR 5 HOFMEYR 22 3642 2 Community 53 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 6 MSIMA 15 1 Community 7 FUMBA 14 8 KAMONO 16 1 Community 9 NDAKE 10 1381 2 Community 10 CENTRAL 1 5 3001 2 FRA=1, Private=2 11 LUEZI 8 2646 CENTRAL 12 CHIKONTHA 18 1995 2 Community 13 CENTRAL 2 6 2286 1 Community 14 CHIKUYU 3 15 MTILIZI 21 2648 1 Community 16 NG'AMBWA 26 3919 1 Community MTILIZI 17 CHALUBILO 1 46 1058 1 Community 18 CHOWACHING'OMA 35 19 CHALUBILO 2 36 20 MWAPE 65 646 21 CHIPEMBE 21 4611 2 Community FRA=1, VIZIMUMBA 22 VIZIMUMBA 36 6303 3 Community=2 23 LUAMBA 40 2850 1 Community 24 CHINSIMBWE 120 TOTAL 39,867 21 Source: Nyimba District Agriculture 2.4.6.4.2. Quality of Service Provision The quality of service provision in this sector is measured by the developments that are been undertaken in the sector. The sector under economic diversification and job creation has implemented a total number of ten (10) climate smart agriculture technologies and practices. Approximately 12,426 small-scale farmers have been accessing agricultural inputs through the e-voucher and other systems disaggregated by agriculture sub-sector (livestock, crops, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry). Three hundred and twenty (320) people per 100,000 in early warning information through national, provincial, national and satellite dissemination mechanism been covered. Lastly, 18 milling plants are operational (disaggregated by rural/urban) from the annual target of 10 amounting to 180%. Further, the performance of the local and central government in this sector has been high resulting in attainment of 100% programs implementation, thereby contributing to an increase in food security in the district.

2.4.6.5. Public Participation Process The major issues that rose during the public participation in this sector were late distribution of farming inputs due to failure by most Agro dealers to supply farming inputs to the FISP 54 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n beneficiary farmers. Poor rainfall distribution and prolonged dry spell during the growing period affected crop performance. Delayed hand over of the Farmer’s Training Centre has delayed the Ministry's ability to conduct residential trainings to farmers hence most of them lack adequate latest information needed for crop production.

2.4.6.6. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten (10) Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in the district. 2.4.6.6.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services The district population is likely to grow by an average of 50 percent. This entails that, a total number of registered farmers which is likely to grow proportionately with overall population growth. 2.4.6.6.2. Existing and Proposed Development Projects The sector had two completed projects waiting to be handed over to the ministry of agriculture. The projects include Farmers Training Centre, and Livestock Centre, meant to serve the farmers in the district. 2.4.6.6.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution The continuation of existing trend in the sector growth has an impact on land use in the district. This is due to more land demanded for the establishment of farm blocks. The demand as highlighted in part one under spatial analysis shows the encroachment in the game management area and the forest reserve. Therefore, population distribution will continue near and within the farm blocks as farmers tend to farmers settle close to their fields for easy accessibility, monitoring and security against theft and wild animals. 2.4.6.6.4. Existing Trend on Environment and Climate The sector has played a major role in the shift from agricultural practices that has a negative effect on the environment to good agriculture practices such climate smart agriculture, which contributes positively to environmental sustainability. It has also introduced the planting of early maturing crop varieties, these require a shorter rainy season and planting in stages. They reduce the risk of loss due to unpredictable rainy season. Additionally, small-scale farmers are empowered with drought resistant animals like goats and Ministry of agriculture in the district sensitizes the farmers on weather patterns before and during the farming season. 55 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.4.6.7. Gender and Vulnerable Groups The sector has contributed in the creating of a gender-balanced society by ensuring that, more women have access to agriculture inputs and information. The district has seen an increase in the number women participating in farming activities due to the policy reforms in accessing farming inputs. The district co-operatives and women groups had been taking the lead in decision-making and this has gained them recognition in their respective areas. Due to crop diversification that has been introduced in the district, small scale farmers are able to have all the necessary nutrients required as they plant cereals, legume and vegetables etc. further, from the same produce they get different products like cooking oil, mealie meal that are later sold as either products or produce.

2.4.6.8. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The major underlying factor contributing to the identified issues in the district with regard to late distribution of farming inputs are the modes of payment and delay in payments. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the agriculture sector in that at each stage of the season there are some agricultural sensitization lessons that are done i.e. pre-harvesting and storage but since huge gatherings have been banned information isn’t been dispersed to the farmers faster.

2.4.7. Mining The mining sector oversees the establishment and management of mining activities in the country. The section will discuss the policies, plans, state of development and the issues affecting the growth of the sector in the District. The section outlines the sector policies, plans and the performance in the district

2.4.7.1. Mineral Resources Development Policy The policy provides the direction that aims in attracting and encouraging local and foreign private sector participation in mineral exploration, exploitation and the development of mining industry in the district (Mineral Resource Development Plan, 2013)

2.4.7.2. Seventh National Development Plan The planning document promote the exploitation of gemstones and industrial minerals and ensure that, locals and foreigners participate in mining value chains and industrialization. 56 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Furthermore, the plan incorporates activities and programme that promote small-scale mining in the district (Seventh National Development Plan, 2017)

2.4.7.3. Existing State of Development The District has no legally established mines regardless of the fact that, approximately 50 mining prospectors have been obtaining prospecting licence for mineral explorations from as far as the year 2012. Furthermore, there is also a number of illegal mining activities been undertaken in the district. 2.4.7.3.1. Availability of Service Provision Despite the strategies in the Seventh National Development Plan to promote small-scale miners, the district has no legally established mine regardless of issuance of prospecting licenses to mining prospectors. This had negatively affected the growth of the sector, affecting availability of service provision in the district. 2.4.7.3.2. Quality of Service provision The quality of service provision in this sector is measured by the developments that are been undertaken by the mining companies. The developmental projects are to benefit the locals in the district. Unfortunately, the district has no legally established mines besides mining prospective with prospecting licenses.

2.4.7.4. Public Participation Process The major issues that emanated from the public participation process is that, the district had no legally established mine despite individuals and firms obtaining prospecting licenses.

2.4.7.5. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten (10) Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district. 2.4.7.5.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services The district as outlined in part one under population projection is heading for a possible population increase. Considering the fact that the district is a youthful district with a median age of 16years, the district will continue to record an increase in illegal mining from the unemployed youths as the district youth unemployment rate stand at 12.9 percent (CSO, 2010). 2.4.7.5.2. Existing and Proposed Forest Development Projects 57 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The district has approximately 50 mining prospecting firms undertaking mineral explorations in precious stones such as granites and tourmalines. 2.4.7.5.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution The continuation of the existing trend in the sector will continue to an unregulated growth in the establishment of illegal mines in the district. This will continue to affect the human settlements due to a strong possibility of illegal displacement of established villages, thereby affecting the distribution of population due to displacement. Furthermore, the existing trend will continue to put more pressure in the current land use such as forest and game management due to the interest in establishing mines for mineral exploration and exploitations.

2.4.7.6. Gender and Vulnerable Groups The mining sector in the district has disadvantaged the women and the vulnerable in accessing the mining facilities. This is due to the fact that, the district had only illegal mines that requires men and physically abled people to carry out mining activities. The few women group in these places are only required the preparation of meals for the miners.

2.4.7.7. Underlying Factors Contributing to identified Issues The major factor contributing to the identified issues above is poor implementation of policies in licensing of small-scale miners in traditional lands. This is so because most miners detour from following the right procedures in acquiring the needed documentation so as not to undertake certain developmental projects for the communities. Furthermore, due to the delay in issuing mining license by Ministry of Mines and Mineral Resources, chiefs in most cases gives mining consents to mining prospectors to carry out mining activities in their chiefdoms.

2.4.8. Health The health sector is charged with the responsibility of providing equity access to cost effective and quality health care as close to the family as possible. It also ensures that, families live and transact in a healthy environment. The section outlines the sector policies, plans and performance in the district.

2.4.8.1. National Health Policy The policy works to reduce the burden of disease, maternal and infant mortality and increase life expectancy through the provision of a continuum of quality effective health care services 58 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n as close to the family as possible in a competent, clean and caring manner. This is to be achieved by promoting hygiene, improved nutrition, health education, increased coverage of occupational health and ensure equity of access to quality, cost-effective and affordable MNCH services (National Health Policy, 2012).

2.4.8.2. National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Program The policy works to help in the planning of affordable and sustainable Solid Waste Management (SWM) longer-term system of waste collection by Local Authorities and the planning of sanitary landfills sites in longer-term for recycling. The plan furthermore ensures that there is an increase in stakeholder’s awareness by involving local communities in planning Solid Waste Management (SWM) at local authorities and strengthening private sector capacity through initiatives at local level to build capacity of small operators (National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Program, 2010).

2.4.8.3. Zambia National Health Strategic Plan The Zambia National Health Strategic Plan (2017-2021) works to ensure that there is a formalized community health, strengthened health promotion and provide adequate financial and other resources to strengthen community health (Zambia National Health Strategic Plan, 2017)

2.4.8.4. National AIDS Strategic Framework The document provides the strategies in achieving the 90 90 90 fast-track towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 and improving the wellbeing of the infected and affected by HIV and AIDS by ensuring that nobody is left behind (National AIDS Strategic Framework, 2017)

2.4.8.5. Seventh National Development Plan The Seven National Development Plan seeks to achieve strengthened public health programs, increased access to quality health care, creation of private sector participation and reduction of vulnerability related to HIV/AIDS prevalence (Seventh National Development Plan, 2017)

2.4.8.6. Existing State of Development The section below gives description on the existing state of development in Nyimba district. 2.4.8.6.1. Availability of Service Provision The District has total number of 26 health facilities with a total number of 54 health personnel spread across the health centres. Table 13 gives the description according to locations. Table 13:District Total number of Health Facilities and Personnel 59 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Ward Health Posts Health Centers Hospitals Facility Personnel Facilities Personnel Facilities Personnel M F Total M F Total M F Total Chisimbwe 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Katipa 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 Vizimumba 3 6 1 4 0 0 0 0 Mtilizi 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Ngozi 1 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 Nyimba 0 0 1 0 1 Lwezi 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chiweza 1 2 1 5 0 0 0 0 Kaliwe 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mombe 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 Chinambi 1 1 2 6 0 0 0 0 Chamilala 0 0 2 7 0 0 0 0 Luangwa 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Total 12 19 13 34 1 0 Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department 2.4.8.6.2. Quality of Service Provision The quality of service provision mirrored with key indicators that defined the outcome of healthcare services in the district. Part one under demographic analysis, shows 84.17% of the district population is in the rural areas. Table 4.10 show that on average each ward had one healthcare facility indicating serious low levels of service provision. This as can be attributed to high child mortality rate according to 2010 census statistics indicating 143.1 moderately higher than the province average rate of 99.3. Furthermore, health facilities are understaffed, only serviced by unskilled workers. Nyimba district had the highest crude death rate in province with an average of 15.6 resulting from inadequate health facilities.

2.4.8.7. Public Participation Process The major issues highlighted during the public participation in the district include the long distances the majority of people cover in accessing medical facilities and lack of drugs in health post, centers and hospitals. Considering the poverty index in the district, a number of people above the average index do not afford to buy the medical prescription, contributing to an increase in mortality rate. 60 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.4.8.8. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten (10) Year The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district, and the existing and proposed projects and programmes to copy with district population increase. 2.4.8.8.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services The district 50 percent anticipated population increase as highlighted in part one under population project will increase demand for public healthcare services, straining the already inadequate health facilities. 2.4.8.8.2. Existing and Proposed Housing Development Projects/ Programmes The sector in an effort to reduce the district disease burden is currently constructing the District Phase Two Hospital to service the entire population. 2.4.8.8.3. Existing Tends on Land Use and Population Distribution The continuation existing trend in sector development is likely to continue seeing a concentration of establishment of health facilities on the plateau along the Great East Road will continue to record population concentration were the facilities are established. This is mainly because, due to the poor road network and distance it take people to access the health facilities, will continue to see influx of people shift closer to facilities to access health care services. 2.4.8.8.4. Existing trends on Environment and Climate The sector plays an important role in the effort to reduce the contamination of both ground and surface water by leachates from crude dumping of refuse. It advocates for a reduction in incidents of open burning of refuse that leads to the emission of toxic gases like dioxin and furan into the atmosphere and facilitate in the management of solid waste generated on daily basis

2.4.8.9. Gender and Vulnerable Groups The health sector in the district is gender inclusive and responsive as it has a balanced representation of men and women at all level of decision-making and programmes and projects implementations. This has profoundly worked to the reduction of disease burden within the district, thereby, creating a healthy and productive society. But it should be noted that women and the differently disabled placed in the valley area of the district and some of the those located far from these facilities will find it hard and these are negatively affected as the tend to spend great amounts of time just to receive basic health care services. 61 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Furthermore, the less majority located within short distances to these facilities, these can spend quality time on productive activity they tend not waste much time accessing health facilities.

2.4.8.10. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The major underlying factor contributing to the identified issues include inadequate health facilities and under staffing of health personnel in most rural health centres. Furthermore, lack of drugs has contributed to high levels of mortality rate, as most people in the rural areas are not able to afford buying drug prescriptions in drug stores. (Very important to bring out underlying issues in detail so that targeted solutions are proposed.

2.4.9. Transport and Communication The Transport and communication sector in the Nyimba district consist of roads, storm water drainage and telecommunication. A well-functioning transport system has the potential to reduce the overall cost of doing business, enable efficiency in the movement of goods, and people within the district. Outlined policy and plans below provide the developmental direction for the transport and communication sector development in Nyimba District.

2.4.9.1. National Transport Policy The policy works to transform the district in a transport hub with fully integrated transport systems supporting socio-economic development. Its primary objective is to promote development of road transport services, facilities and infrastructure that meet the global safety standards through construction, maintenance, upgrading, and rehabilitation, thereby promoting sustainable mobility of both goods and passengers to achieve economic and social needs, and develop systems to facilitate Non-Motorized Transport (National Transport Policy, 2019).

2.4.9.2. National Water Policy Under the storm water and grey-water drainage, the document works to enable all urban residents, commerce, institutions and industry have a sustainable drainage system for improved health, wellbeing and convenience (National Water Policy, 2010).

2.4.9.3. Seventh National Development Plan The Seventh National Development Plan (SNDP) aims to undertaken the construction and rehabilitation of road network and improve ICT infrastructure for service delivery (Seventh National Development Plan, 2017).

2.4.9.4. Existing State of development 62 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The internal and external linking of Nyimba District is dependent on an improved road network and a wider coverage of telecommunication services. The current state of development in the Transport and Telecommunication sector is propelled by governments efforts to improve rural connective through deliberate policies and programs to develop the rural areas. 2.4.9.4.1. Availability of service provision The section below shows the availability of service provision in both road and telecommunication infrastructure. The district has 30 communication mast towers for mobile communication and radio network spread across the plateau. Furthermore, wards and chiefdoms in the district are connected by a number of feeder roads for easy transportation of goods and services. However, both the feeder roads and the townships roads are in a deplorable state, rendering movements of goods and services very difficult especially in the rural parts along the valley. Additionally, five (5) bridges and four (4) culvert are built on major cross points in the districts, though they lack maintenance and easily get washed away during rainy seasons. 2.4.9.4.2. Quality of service provision The quality of service provision is measured on the premise of deliverance of goods and services to the community within the stipulated time. However, due to the poor road network in the district, goods are not delivered within an ideal time and people cannot access service due to long travel distances on foot to find transport since road are not in good condition for vehicle movements. The telecommunication towers within the district are concentrated on the plateau along the great east road. Therefore, communities far from the road had poor or no network transmissions.

2.4.9.5. Public Participation process The major issues that arose during the public participation was that a great number of roads in the district are in a deplorable state, making them impassable especially during the rainy season, which has created a situation where people fail to access social services such as health and education. The poor road network in the district had contributed to high cost of living and increase in poverty rates. Nyimba district on average had very poor mobile network in most parts of the rural areas, making communication very difficult especially in cases of emergencies. 63 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.4.9.6. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten (10) Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district. 2.4.9.6.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services The population changes anticipated in the next ten (10) years will likely reach 151,019 people with rural population projection of 108,156 people and urban 42,863 people. The likely change in the population will in turn bring about the increase in traffic on urban and rural roads, therefore deprecating the roads further. The current networks will be over loaded since there are a few communication towers in the district. 2.4.9.6.2. Existing and Proposed Roads and Storm Water Drainages Projects The sector in the effort to improve the road network had planned to implement road projects in the district. The government with funding from World Bank has engaged in the integrated rural development project, which is going to construct the below listed roads to gravel level and construct all hydraulic structures along the listed roads. The project has two years of construction and three years of maintenance. 1. T4 – Lwembe; 2. T4 – Hofmayer; 3. T4 – ZNS – Mtilizi; 4. T4 – Mwape; 2.4.9.6.3. Existing Trend on Land use and Population Distribution The continuation of existing trend of development in the district in the next ten (10) years will have a negative impact on the district, as establishment of settlements will continue to concentrate along the great east road will increase the spread of diseases because of high population density. 2.4.9.6.4. Existing trend to the Environment and Climate The transportation and communication development has a negative impact on the environment, due to associated deforestation and settlement displacement. The increase in population along the roads put pressure on scarce nature resources for livelihood and sustenance.

2.4.9.7. Gender and Vulnerable Groups The efficiency running of the sector has helped in creating a gender balance society by decreasing the transportation costs through road network, enhancing access to markets and 64 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n social facilities to both men and women. It has made easy access to information by both male and female, thereby creating a well inform society.

2.4.9.8. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The roads in the district are in a deplorable state, this is mainly because road maintenance is usually done by the local authority that rely exclusively on the disbursement of Government funding which is insufficient and inconsistent. Furthermore, they are no deliberate policies to prioritize improving township roads to bituminous standard. The road projects had been on hold due to the COVID-19, thereby subjected the already deplorable roads to further damage. Furthermore, almost all the roads in the district had no storm water drainages. This had subjected the road to further damage due to soil erosion resulting from heavy downfall.

2.4.10. Education The education sector oversees formulation and implementation of Education and Science Policies, set and enforce standards and regulations, license, supervise and provide education and skills development, as well as promote science, technology and innovation education. Below is a review on the existing policies and plans that govern the performance of the sector in the district.

2.4.10.1. Educating our Future This policy was designed to address the entire field of formal institutional education, paying particular attention to democratization, decentralization and productivity on the one hand, and curriculum relevance and diversification, efficient and cost effective management, capacity building, cost sharing, and revitalized partnerships on the other hand (Education our Future Policy, 1996).

2.4.10.2. Technical Education and Vocational Entrepreneurship Training (TEVET) Skills Development Policy The policy was designed with the government’s intention to develop a system of Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training, (or TEVET), that would satisfy the real demands and requirements of the labor market and socio-economic conditions, all of which were recognized to be in a state of constant change (Technical Education and vocational Entrepreneurship Training (TEVET) skills development policy, 1998).

2.4.10.3. Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 65 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The broad policy objective for science and technology was to embed science and technology as part of the culture of the key sectors for promoting competitiveness in the production of a wider range of quality goods and services (Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, 1996).

2.4.10.4. Seventh National Development Plan The Seventh National Development Plan sort to Provide Electronic Services, Improve Labour Productivity, Enhance Access to Quality, Equitable and Inclusive Education, Enhance Private Sector Participation and Continuous Review and Rollout of Curriculum (Seventh National Development Plan, 2017).

2.4.10.5. Existing State of Development The section below gives description on the existing state of development in Nyimba district. 2.4.10.5.1. Availability of Service Provision The district had a total number of 76 school facilities for education services. The available school facilities spread across the 13 wards in the district. Table 14 provide the list for total number of schools by class, ownership, and wards in the district. (G-Government School, P-Private School). Table 14:District Education Facilities WARD NURSERY SCHOOLS PRIMARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOLS G P TOTAL G P TOTAL G P TOTAL CHINSIMBWE 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 KATIPA 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 VIZIMUMBA 2 0 2 6 0 6 0 0 0 MTILIZI 2 0 2 6 0 6 2 0 2 NGOZI 4 0 4 7 0 7 1 0 1 NYIMBA 5 2 7 9 2 11 2 1 3 LWEZI 1 0 1 3 0 3 1 0 1 CHIWEZA 0 0 0 7 0 7 2 0 2 KALIWE 3 0 3 5 0 5 0 0 0 MOMBE 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 CHINAMBI 3 0 3 7 0 7 1 0 1 CHAMILALA 3 0 3 5 0 5 0 0 0 LUANGWA 1 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 TOTAL 26 2 28 63 2 65 10 1 11 Source: Nyimba District Education Board From the statistics in the Table 14, most wards in the district had at least a primary school and nursery school infrastructure that has encouraged the enrolment levels in district. However, the 66 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n district does not have enough secondary schools due to low population to sustain the facilities. This has led to overcrowding in the secondary schools available in few parts of the district. Furthermore, lack of tertiary institution implies that once pupils complete their secondary school education, move out of the district to district with tertiary education facilities. Table 15:District Enrolment by Sex and Location NURSERY SCHOOLS PRIMARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLS TOTAL WARD B G TOTAL B G TOTAL B G TOTAL B G TOTAL CHINSIMBWE 14 18 32 136 170 306 0 0 0 150 188 338 KATIPA 0 0 0 326 336 662 0 0 0 326 336 662 VIZIMUMBA 59 81 140 852 1066 1918 0 0 0 911 1147 2058 MTILIZI 53 81 134 1002 1112 2114 319 214 533 1374 1407 2781 NGOZI 84 106 190 1306 1339 2645 220 153 373 1610 1598 3208 NYIMBA 302 293 595 2433 2517 4950 620 600 1220 3355 3410 6765 LWEZI 22 40 62 565 655 1220 107 83 190 694 778 1472 CHIWEZA 19 26 45 1142 1343 2485 262 264 526 1423 1633 3056 KALIWE 61 62 123 879 977 1856 0 0 0 940 1039 1979 MOMBE 33 33 66 479 445 924 222 187 409 734 665 1399 CHINAMBI 121 148 269 1006 1036 2042 77 44 121 1204 1228 2432 CHAMILALA 78 72 150 674 545 1219 0 0 0 752 617 1369 LUANGWA 10 20 30 336 338 674 0 0 0 346 358 704 TOTAL 856 980 1,836 11,136 11,879 23,015 1,827 1,545 3,372 13,819 14404 28223 Source: Nyimba District Education Board The figures shown in Table 15 clearly indicates that the district had recorded high enrolment of girls over boys at both primary and nursery school levels. This results from government’s efforts through initiatives that have been put in place such as the introduction of Girl Education and Women Empowerment and Livelihood (GEWEL) and Self Help Africa, a Non- Governmental Organisations, working in hand with government to encourage and improvement enrolments in schools by providing meals and other learning materials. Secondary Schools had recorded a high enrolment of boys over girls, due to cases of early pregnancies and early marriages amongst girls that usually leads to girls dropping out of school or delay completion. Table 16:District Number of Teachers by Sex and Location NURSERY SCH PRIMARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOLS TOTAL M F TOTAL M F TOTAL M F TOTAL M F TOTAL CHINSIMBWE 0 0 0 6 1 7 0 0 0 6 1 7 KATIPA 0 0 0 9 1 10 0 0 0 9 1 10 VIZIMUMBA 0 1 1 22 10 32 0 0 0 22 11 33 MTILIZI 0 1 1 36 20 56 8 6 14 44 27 71 NGOZI 1 2 3 27 16 43 24 13 37 52 31 83 NYIMBA 0 6 6 44 71 115 60 40 100 104 117 221 67 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n LWEZI 0 1 1 11 11 22 9 6 15 20 18 38 CHIWEZA 0 0 0 31 6 37 37 21 58 68 27 95 KALIWE 0 0 0 30 15 45 0 0 0 30 15 45 MOMBE 0 0 0 9 14 23 22 11 11 31 25 56 CHINAMBI 0 0 0 30 12 42 5 3 8 35 15 50 CHAMILALA 0 1 1 22 3 25 0 0 0 22 4 26 LUANGWA 0 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 0 7 0 7 TOTAL 1 12 13 284 180 464 165 100 243 450 292 742 Source: Nyimba Education Board Secretary Table 16 shows that, the district has a total number of 742 teachers against 28, 223 pupils in schools. This poses a high deficit of teachers that the district has against the number of pupils enrolled. 2.4.10.5.2. Quality of Service Provision The quality of service provision in the district is measured against the key indicators that defined the outcome of the infrastructure development and service delivery. Nyimba district as referenced from Part One under demographic analysis, has a current overall population of 102,835 people with a rural population of 86,559 people and urban population of 16,276 people. The total number of school facilities in the district stood at 76 schools, with rural schools of 66 and urban schools of 10. The district has 66 primary schools and 11 secondary schools. Given current overall district population of 102, 835 people and as per standard of primary school establishment which is 1 primary school servicing an average population of 1000 people within a catchment area, it can be concluded that the district has a deficit of 32 primary schools. Given current overall district population of 102, 835 people and as per standard of secondary school establishment which is 1 secondary school servicing an average population of 10,000 people within a catchment area, it can be concluded that the district has a deficit of 1 secondary school. Overall, the above deficits in both primary and secondary schools’ facilities entails that the district school facilities are not enough to accommodate every scholar in the IDP area, and this has led to a situation where pupils travel long distances to access education facilities. The total number of teachers stood at 742 teachers against 28, 223 in the district. Comparing the recommended 1:25 teacher pupil ratio against the current district teacher-pupil ratio standing at 1:38 compromising the quality of service delivery. Furthermore, 80 percent of the total number of schools have inadequate education materials for pupils. The absolute poverty levels within the district is significantly very high, this situation has contributed to high number in school dropout and teen pregnancy within the province. 68 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.4.10.6. Public Participation Process The major issues that rose during the public participation process was inadequate school facilities for pupils and decent accommodation for teachers in rural areas. This had created lapses in the quality of service provision to communities as most schools due to inadequate education facilities at both primary and secondary school levels.

2.4.10.7. Changes Anticipated over the Next Ten (10) Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in Nyimba district, and the existing and proposed project to copy with population increase. 2.4.10.7.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services The population changes anticipated in the next ten (10) years will likely reach 151,019 people with rural population projection of 108,156 people and urban population projection of 42,863 people. This likely change in population will further increase the deficit of school facilities at all levels by an average of 5 primary schools, 4 secondary schools and 3 colleges. The increase in population will also lead to a further shortage of staff at all schools. Staff accommodation deficit will also increase in the district. This will continue to compromise the quality of service delivery in the district. 2.4.10.7.2. Existing and Proposed School Infrastructure Development Projects/Programmes The district, in the effort to improve quality of education services, had a number of projects implemented by government and other Organisations. Table 17 shows the existing and proposed school facilities and staff accommodation development in Nyimba district. Table 17:District Existing Education Projects S/N PROJECT IMPLEMENTING BEGIN EXPECTED AGENCY YEAR COMPLETION YEAR 1 Construction of a 1x3 classroom block at Mwase World Vision 2017 2020 Community School 2 Construction of an ablution block at Nyimba Community 2019 2020 Primary School Development Fund (CDF) 3 Construction of Chinambi Day Secondary School GRZ 2017 2022 at Chinambi Primary School 4 Construction of a 1x2 classroom block at GRZ/PTA 2019 2020 Kalambakuwa Primary School Source: Nyimba District Education Board Secretary 2.4.10.7.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution 69 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The continuation of existing trend of development in the district has an impact on land use for using development. The rate of sector growth is above average in the district, as school facilities development has continued by both government and private sector. Non-Government Organizations have continued to collaborate with the government by supplementing government efforts through construction of new school facilities and staff accommodation mainly in rural areas of the district in order to reduce the deficits in staff accommodation and school facilities. With the population projected to increase by 48, 184, school facilities development will demand a total maximum of land of about 160.5ha and population distribution will continue to be concentrated in the plateau along the Great East Road. 2.4.10.7.4. Existing Trend on Environment and Climate The sector plays a significant role in community sensitization regarding the need to conserve and protect the environment. The sector has developed a strategy of ensuring that schools adds to the building of a resilient climate change resilient environment by participating in tree planting exercise. Furthermore, the sector has taken a role in participating in keeping the environment clean, green and healthy through the monthly community cleaning exercise.

2.4.10.8. Gender and Vulnerable Groups Education sector had placed more emphasis in the need for gender inclusiveness in knowledge acquisition. This is a complete paradigm shift as the sector has continued to record significant achievements in the number of women accessing education and participating in decision making both at national and local level. The sector has ensured that the different abled groups are taken into consideration by constructing schools that accessible by physically challenged pupils. The sector has also observed support from Non-Governmental Organisations such as Self Help Africa, which continue to provide meals to all pupils in schools including the physically challenged. Other government sectors such department of social welfare have also continued supporting the education sector by ensuring that the girl child is kept in school through payment of social cash transfer to such vulnerable girls.

2.4.10.9. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The major underlying factor contributing to the identified issues is with regard to lack or inadequate funding for the sector as well as understaffing of teachers in schools as evidenced by the current teacher ratio in the district, which stands at 1:38 against the recommended 1:25 teacher ratio. The sector reports 70 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n that it has not been receiving funding for financing of school facilities projects to meet the population increase in the district that in turn had led to increase in the enrolment levels. Staff shortage in some schools especially in rural areas, may be attributed to poor basic services such as lack of decent accommodation, lack of access to clean drinking water and other necessities. Furthermore, due to inadequate secondary schools in the district, pupils’ areas with no secondary schools and cannot afford to access boarding schools, tend to rent room in nearby secondary schools to live by themselves. This has contributed to high number of dropouts resulting from pregnancies among girl children, as teachers and parents do not frequently monitor them.

2.4.11. Social Protection The social protection sector is concerned with improving the social dynamics of women, children, and the vulnerable in the society. The section discusses the policies, plans and strategies that govern the performance of the sector in the district. Furthermore, the section presents highlights on the core issues affecting the sector development.

2.4.11.1. National Gender Policy The National Gender Policy seeks to mainstream gender in all national policies, programmes and legislation in order to achieve gender equality programming. The policy aims at increasing the participation of women in decision making as well as promoting equitable allocation of productive resources to women and men (National Gender Policy, 2014)

2.4.11.2. National Policy on Disability The National Policy on Disability to ensures the development and promotion of programmes that prevent and reduce incidences of disability. It facilitates the provision of habilitation and rehabilitation services and facilities to persons with disabilities and ensure their full participation into the mainstream of society (National Policy on Disability, 2012)

2.4.11.3. National Social Protection Policy The Policy seeks to alleviate hunger and poverty as well as increase incomes, improve education and health outcomes of poor families and other vulnerable groups in society. It promotes gender equality, social solidarity, enhance food and nutrition security for vulnerable populations and contribute to the empowerment of poor people in communities (National Social Protection Policy, 2014)

2.4.11.4. Seventh National Development Plan 71 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n There are 5 pillars or strategic development areas contained with the plan and these include; economic diversification and job creation, poverty and vulnerability reduction, reducing development inequalities, enhanced human development and creating a conducive governance environment for a diversified economy. The Seventh National Development Plan outlines activities to strengthen coordination of social protection systems, improve coverage and targeting of social protection programmes and reduce gender inequality. The plan strives to the enhancement of income opportunities for poor and marginalized groups in the society (Seventh National Development Plan, 2017). Furthermore, these pillars are buttressed by development outcomes, strategies and programmes, with key performance indicators linked to the SDGs.

2.4.11.5. Existing State of Development The section below gives a description on the existing state of development in the district. 2.4.11.5.1. Availability of Service Provision Social protection services is fostered in the district by Community Development Department, Social Welfare Department, the Victim Support Unit of the Zambia Police, World Vision and community based organizations such as Mphatso Development Foundation. These institutions provide a wide range of services, which include social cash transfers, student bursary, public welfare assistance scheme, food security packs, social protection legal services (targeting mostly juveniles and women), livestock pass on initiatives to community groups as well as group savings initiatives popularly known as village banking. 2.4.11.5.2. Quality of Service Provision The district had the highest percentage of people living with disabilities, which stood at 2.8 percent for males and 2.5 percent for females, giving an overall 2.6 percent slightly higher than 2.1 percent for the province (CSO, 2010). Unfortunately, regardless of the statistical level, the sector had 30 percent of vulnerable persons on social protection programs. This is due to inadequate and erratic funding for the programs in the sector.

2.4.11.6. Public Participation Process The major issues that arose during the public participation process was inadequate social protection programs to cushion the communities from widespread hunger and poverty resulting from crop failure and drought. The low coverage of available social protection programs had left most of the communities deprived of livelihood enhancement. 72 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

2.4.11.7. Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in the district. 2.4.11.7.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services The population change anticipated in the next ten (10) years will as highlighted in part one under demographic analysis would increase the demand for goods and services and ultimately raise the cost of living. The rising cost of living in an environment of scarce resources will give rise to social evils such as crime, sex work and gender based violence. Further, the impact is likely to push most households into poverty provided there will be no upscale for funding towards social protection. 2.4.11.7.2. Existing and Proposed social protection Projects/Programmes The sector under the department of community development has empowered a total number of 318 women to be accessing farming inputs for all farming seasons. In an effort to enhance the girl education and women empowerment and livelihood programme, the sector had empowered a total number of 1, 689 women with K2,500 and a phone each for livelihood improvement. The sector had placed a total number of 5,296 people on social cash transfer under the livelihood empowerment programme. Furthermore, 10% of the yearly farming inputs is allocated to people living with disability translating into a total number of 497 vulnerable persons accessing farming inputs through food security pack programme. 2.4.11.7.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution The continuation of the existing trend in the sector will continue to increase demand for agricultural land for farming, livestock as the sector empowers vulnerable and women in agricultural activities. Furthermore, population distribution will continue to concentrate in areas were the sector is providing social protection services and around farm blocks. 2.4.11.7.4. Existing Trend on Environment and Climate Social protection sector advocate for programmes and projects that are environmentally friendly and climate resilient. However, most empowered beneficiaries tend engage in charcoal business, which has a negative effect on the preservation of forests and ultimately impacts negatively on climate change.

2.4.11.8. Gender and Vulnerable Groups 73 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Social protection programs in the district largely targets the vulnerable people in the community. Key among the beneficiaries of the social protection programs include: women, girls, the elderly, the physically challenged and vulnerable but viable farmers. Existing programs such as Girl Education and Women Empowerment and Livelihood (GEWEL) empowers vulnerable but viable women who with capital for livelihood improvement. The program also helps girls in schools with school’s fees and other school requirements.

2.4.11.9. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues Human-Animal conflict had rendered settlements that are in or near game management areas unable to engage in farming activities. This had disadvantages them from benefiting from social protection packages such as the fertilizer support for vulnerable farmers under food security pack. The limited sources of income and lack of access to such programs pushes most households into poverty. Some settlements are in far-flung areas and have no access to markets for their produce due to bad road networks. This predicament denies these households income for the improvement of their welfare.

2.4.12. Commerce and Trade Commerce and Trade provide the guides economic development of the district in the improvement of livelihood and social welfare of communities. The section discusses the policies, plans and strategies that govern the performance of the sector in the district. Furthermore, the section presents highlights on the core issues affecting the sector development.

2.4.12.1. National Industrial Policy The National Industrial Policy guides the accelerated growth of the manufacturing sector, and helps to increase efficiency in utilization of natural resources. The rationale of the policy is to facilitate sustainable economic growth through industrialization (National Industrial Policy, 2018).

2.4.12.2. Trade Policy Framework The trade policy framework gives a guide on statistics for commercial activities and provide a framework on how to improve on them in the growth of the economy (Trade Policy Framework, 2016).

2.4.12.3. Seventh National Development Plan 74 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The Seventh National Development Plan outlined several activities in achieving economic viability of the district. The outlined activities include improved access to finance for production and exports, enhance agriculture value chains, and facilitate micro, small and medium enterprise development, promote cooperatives development, and strengthen agro- forestry based processing and manufacturing capacity.

2.4.12.4. Existing State of Development The section below gives a description on the existing state of development in the district. 2.4.12.4.1. Availability of Service Provision Commerce and Trade in the Nyimba district is thrives through availability of a Central Business District, and two (2) trading centres in the outskirt of the district (Mtilizi market, and Kacholola market) and two (2) Banking Facilities (Indo Zambia Bank, and Zambia National Building Society) located within the district township. 2.4.12.4.2. Quality of Service Provision The available trading centres and Banking facilities in the district are not adequate to serve a growing productive population of 53,928 (CSO, 2013). This has resulted in people walking long distances to come and transact their businesses located at three points along the great east road. Furthermore, due to the vastness of the district and the spatial location of financial institution, small businesses and cooperatives located in the outskirts of the district are not able to access the financial services for the financial institutions. This is mainly due to the immobility of the institution reaching the areas to provide financial services to the people.

2.4.12.5. Public Participation Process The major issues that arose during the public participation process was inadequate trading centres to serve the entire population. This had resulted in people walking long distances to access the facilities. Furthermore, the local people, SMEs, and Cooperatives are not able to access financial services from financial institutions due to the high lending interest rates. This had seen the collapse of small businesses in the district.

2.4.12.6. Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years The section provides the changes anticipated over the next ten (10) years in the district. 2.4.12.6.1. Population Change and Future Demand for Facilities and Services 75 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The population change anticipated in the next ten (10) years will as highlighted in part one under demographic analysis is likely to record a rise in the number of unemployed people. This will result in more people engaging in small formal and informal business activities. The demographic growth will put more demand on the inadequate trading centres and the financial facilities and services. 2.4.12.6.2. Existing and Proposed Projects/Programmes The Banking Institutions provide business loans and mortgage to promote the growth of the formal and informal businesses in the district. 2.4.12.6.3. Existing Trend on Land Use and Population Distribution The continuation of the existing trend in the sector will continue to have an impact in population distribution along the Great East Road closer the trading facilities and financial institution. 2.4.12.6.4. Existing Trend on Environment and Climate The continuation of the existing trend in the sector will continue to have a non-effect on the environment and climate change. This is due to sector continuance in recording of no physical infrastructures development that has an effect of the environment.

2.4.12.7. Gender and Vulnerable Groups Women and vulnerable groups are seen to be more active in the sector has over 70 percent of traders are women and vulnerable groups. However, women and vulnerable groups still faces a lot of challenges in accessing financial services from financial institutions in the district.

2.4.12.8. Underlying Factors Contributing to Identified Issues The underlying factors contributing to the identified issues is lack of securities by small scale businesses and women groups who constitute the bigger proportion of the sector in accessing the financial services from financial institutions. Furthermore, the poor road network in the district had contributed to failure by farmers and other entities to move their business from the outskirts into the trading centres for business transactions.

2.4.12.9. Assessment of Future Demand for Services The section provides assessment of future demand for water supply, health, and education facilities by wards in Nyimba District. Table 18:Water Supply infrastructure needs for Nyimba district by 2030 76 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Ward 2030 Existing number of Additional no. Remark Projected boreholes Provided Required to Population serve the 2030 Projected Functional Non-Functional Population Chisimbwe 2,705 11 3 0 The ward will have an excess of 1 functional borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 3 existing non-functional boreholes will enhance the quality of service provision. Katipa 2,853 13 6 1 The ward will have a deficit of 1 functional borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 6 existing non-functional boreholes will meet the required minimum standard with excess of 5 boreholes to enhance the quality of service provision. Vizimumba 19,154 67 21 9 The ward will have a deficit of 9 borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 21 existing non-functional boreholes will meet the required minimum standard with excess of 12 boreholes to enhance the quality of service provision. Mtilizi 8,826 57 16 0 The ward will have an excess of 21 functional borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 16 existing non-functional boreholes will enhance the quality of service provision. Ngozi 12,760 71 12 0 The ward will have an excess of 19 functional borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 12 existing non-functional boreholes will enhance the quality of service provision. Lwezi 8,083 40 7 0 The ward will have an excess of 7 functional borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 7 existing non-functional boreholes will enhance the quality of service provision. Chiweza 14,218 55 9 2 The ward will have a deficit of 2 borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 9 existing non-functional boreholes will meet the required minimum standard with excess of 7 boreholes to enhance the quality of service provision. Kaliwe 12,280 42 2 7 The ward will have a deficit of 7 borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 2 existing non-functional boreholes with an additional of 5 boreholes will meet the required minimum standard and enhance the quality of service provision. Mombe 7,237 27 8 1 The ward will have a deficit of 1 borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 8 existing non-functional boreholes will meet the required minimum standard with excess of 7 boreholes to enhance the quality of service provision. Chinambi 12,882 49 8 2 The ward will have a deficit of 2 borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 8 existing non-functional boreholes will meet the required minimum standard with excess of 6 77 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n boreholes to enhance the quality of service provision. Chamilala 6,482 18 2 8 The ward will have a deficit of 8 borehole to service the projected population. However, repair of 2 existing non-functional boreholes with an additional of 6 boreholes will meet the required minimum standard and enhance the quality of service provision. Total 107,480 450 94 30 Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department The figures in Table 18 indicates that, the district with exception of Nyimba and Luangwa ward, has 450 functional boreholes and 94 non-functional boreholes to service a current projected population of 89,350 people. Given the standard of 1 borehole to service a maximum population of 250 within a walking distance of 30minutes, 450 boreholes can service a maximum of 112,500 people. However, due to the uneven distribution of borehole infrastructure in the district with regard to 30 minutes walking distance, the district requires an addition of 30 boreholes to be drilled in specific wards as shown in Table 18 in order to improve the quality of service provision with regard to water supply. Table 19:Education Facility MLG Establishment Standards Primary School 1/1,000 - 9,000 population or 0.5 - 4.5Ha/9,000 Secondary School 1/10,000 or 5 Ha/10,000 population Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department Table 20:Education Facility needs for the District by 2030 Ward Facility 2030 Available Additional no. of Total area required Projected No. of Facilities Required to construct the Population Facilities to serve the 2030 Required Facilities Projected Population Primary School 2 0 0 Chinsimbwe Secondary School 2,705 0 0 0 Primary School 3 0 0 Katipa Secondary School 2,853 0 0 0 Primary School 8 0 0 Vizimumba Secondary School 19,154 1 1 5Ha Primary School 6 0 0 Mtilizi Secondary School 8,826 1 0 0 Primary School 5 0 0 Ngozi Secondary School 12,760 1 1 5Ha Primary School 3 0 0 Lwezi Secondary School 8,083 0 0 0 Primary School 7 0 0 Chiweza Secondary School 14,218 1 0 0 Primary School 5 0 0 Kaliwe Secondary School 12,280 1 0 0 Primary School 4 0 0 Mombe Secondary School 7,237 1 0 0 78 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Primary School 6 0 0 Chinambi Secondary School 12,882 1 0 0 Primary School 5 0 0 Chamilala Secondary School 6,482 0 0 0 Primary School 8 0 0 Nyimba Secondary School 12,571 2 0 0 Total 120,051 71 2 10Ha Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department The figures shown in Table 20 excluding Luangwa ward indicate that, the district had a total number of 71 education facilities, out of which 9 were Secondary Schools, and 62 were Primary Schools to serve a population of 120,051people. Given a 1/1,000 – 9,000 population standards shown in Table 19, the district available Primary Education Facilities meet the required standards. However, the district with regard to Secondary Schools establishment standards of 1/10,000 population, the district requires a minimum additional of 2 Secondary Schools with a minimum spatial extent of 10Ha in order to improve the quality of service provision in the district. Table 21:Health Infrastructure MLG Establishment Standards Level MLG Standards/ Catchments Health Post 1/5,000 population, size is based 600-800/1,000 population or 1.8-2.4 Ha/30,000 population Health Centre 1/30,000-50,000 population. Size is based on 600-800m2/1000 population or 1.8Ha- 2.4Ha/30,000 population Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department Table 22:Health Facility needs for the District by 2030 Ward Facility 2030 Available Additional no. of Total area required to Projected No. of Facilities Required to construct the Population Facilities serve the 2030 Projected Required Facilities Population Health Post 0 0 0 Chinsimbwe Health Centre 2,705 2 0 0 Health Post 0 0 0 Katipa Health Centre 2,853 2 0 0 Health Post 3 1 1.8Ha Vizimumba Health Centre 19,154 1 0 0 Health Post 2 0 0 Mtilizi Health Centre 8,826 1 0 0 Ngozi Health Post 2 1 1.8Ha Health Centre 12,760 1 0 0 Health Post 1 1 1.8Ha Lwezi Health Centre 8,083 0 0 0 Health Post 1 2 3.6Ha Chiweza Health Centre 14,218 1 0 0 Health Post 0 0 0 Kaliwe Health Centre 12,280 1 0 0 Health Post 2 0 0 Mombe Health Centre 7,237 0 0 0 79 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Health Post 7 0 0 Chinambi Health Centre 12,882 2 0 0 Health Post 9 0 0 Chamilala Health Centre 6,482 3 0 0 Nyimba Health Post 12,571 0 0 0 Health Centre 1 0 0 Total 120,051 42 5 9Ha Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department The figures shown in Table 22 shows that, the district had a total number of 42 Health Facilities excluding a district Hospital. Out of the 42 Health Facilities, 27 were Health Post, and 15 Health Centres. Given the MLG 1/5,000 population, size is based 600-800/1,000 population or 1.8-2.4 Ha/30,000 population standards for establishment of a Health Post shown in Table 21, the district requires an additional of 5 Health Post with a minimum spatial extent of 9Ha in order to improve the quality of service provision for the sector in the district. Table 23:Tertially and Hospital Infrastructure needs for the District by 2030 S/N Facility MLG Standards/ 2030 Available No. Additional no. of Total area Catchments Projected of Facilities Facilities required to Population Required to serve construct the 2030 the Projected Required Population Facilities 1. Tertially 1/50,000 or 20 0 3 60Ha Education Ha/50,000 population 124,497 2. Hospital 1/80,000 population or 1 0 0 30Ha/80,000 population Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department The figures shown in Table 23 shows that, the available District Hospital will be able to serve a projected 2030 district population of 124,497 people. However, with regard to Tertially Institutions such as Trade Schools, Colleges, and Universities, with regard to MLG establishment standards of 1/50,000 or 20 Ha/50,000 population, the district as shown in Table 2.23 has no Tartially Institution and demands establishment of 3 Institution with a minimum 60Ha required

2.5. Summary The section below provides the summary of core problems for the planning survey and issues report for sectors in the district.

2.5.1. Housing The core problem affecting the sector in the district is inadequate housing units. This had resulted from low housing supply, contributing to high rentals, which most people are 80 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n struggling to afford. Therefore, provided the condition for housing supply in the district remains the same, the housing deficit is likely to increase from 5,636 to 14,617 housing units in the next ten (10) years.

2.5.2. Water and Sanitation The core problem affecting Water and Sanitation Sector is inadequate water sources for domestic and agricultural use in the district especially in rural areas. This is resulting from unequal distribution of water resource infrastructure, a situation contributing to poor sanitation levels and increase in poverty levels.

2.5.3. Energy The core problem affecting the energy sector in the district is inadequate power distribution in urban and rural parts of the district. This had contributed to the continued trend of cutting down trees for energy source, an activity that is contributing to climate change.

2.5.4. Environmental and Natural Resource Management The core problem affecting the sector in the district is the depletion of natural resources that are a source of community survival and development. This is resulting from the low environmental and natural resources management, contributing to high poverty levels emanating from compromised livelihood sources for the local people.

2.5.5. Forest The core problem affecting the sector in the district is unsustainable exploitation of forest resources, witnessed through massive cutting down of trees leading to extinction of several tree species.

2.5.6. Tourism The land of abundant wildlife, and raw wilderness and vast openness has been echoed by main to be the strength of places like Nyimba in the tourism sector. But alas the sector has suffered setbacks because it is predominately environmental in nature. The core problem affecting the growth of the sector is human encroachment into protected areas which houses animals. This has resulted into increased human wildlife conflict, loss of biodiversity, loss of wildlife revenues. There is also evidence of land ownership dispute which has emanated from population growth putting pressure on insufficient natural resource base. Furthermore, 81 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n regardless of several tourism potentials in the district, the district had not fully explored and marketed all tourism potential areas for social and economic benefits of the district.

2.5.7. Agriculture Agriculture is the mainstay of Nyimba district’s economy with prime production in maize, groundnuts, cotton, sunflower, bananas, and livestock. However, the core problem affecting the sector is low crop yield because of climate variations, such as poor rainfall distribution, prolonged dry spell and flash floods washing away crop fields thereby affecting crop performance, and livestock morbidity and mortality.

2.5.8. Mining The mining sector oversees the establishment and management of mining activities in the country. The core problem affecting the development of the sector is the increase in illegal mining activities in the district.

2.5.9. Health The core problem affecting the sector in the district is high mortality and morbidity rate resulting from inadequate health facilities, under staffing of health personnel in all health centres and shortages of drugs.

2.5.10. Transport and Communication The core problem affecting the sector in the district is the deplorable state of roads, making them impassable especially during the rainy season. This had created a situation where people fail to access social services such as health and education. The poor road network in the district had contributed to high cost of living and increase in poverty rates. Furthermore, the district on average had very poor mobile network in most part of the rural areas due to inadequate number of communication towers, making communication difficult especially in cases of emergencies.

2.5.11. Education Education sector ensures the provision of quality education services in order to reduce illiteracy levels in the district. However, the core problem affecting the development of the sector is inadequate infrastructure such as number of schools, classroom space, staff houses and sanitary facilities in the district. This has created lapses in the quality of service provision to communities.

2.5.12. Social Protection 82 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Social Protection Sector ensures the livelihood improvement in women and vulnerable groups in the district. Unfortunately, the core problem affecting the development of the sector is widespread poverty resulting from crop failure and drought.

2.5.13. Commerce and Trade Commerce and Trade Sector ensures the growth in the economic performance of all business entities in the district. The core problem affecting this sector is the lack of readily available market for the SMEs in the district and financial information to informal businesses opportunities to grow. This has resulted into a failure to access financial services from financial institutions leading to collapses of small businesses in the district. 83 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n PART THREE: DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK Consultation with residents resulted into identification of priorities areas making the integrated plan a representation of the whole district. These public consultations have identified poor infrastructure in most of the sectors, deplorable state of roads, limited communication facilities and provision of adequate water and sanitation facilities continue to be biggest developmental challenges in the district. In the quest to develop the district and ensure sustainable growth for the people of Nyimba District, the development framework will ensure that the core problems identified during the planning survey and issues definition phase are addressed. This section defines the district vision, developmental goals, objective and strategies that will be employed in creating and self-sustaining district for both social and economic growth.

3.1. Vision for Long Term Development of the District The long term vision is to achieve a socio-economic growth that is citizenly inclusive through a sustainable exploitation of natural resources by 2030.

3.2. Development Goals and Priority Objectives and Strategies The core issues outlined in the Planning Survey and Issues Report had negatively affected the development of the district. Development Framework outlines developmental goals, priorities and objectives with strategies that help in addressing the identified problems in the respective sectors.

3.2.1. Development Priorities 1. Formalize and Upgrade Informal Settlements; 2. Improve water and energy supply; 3. Manage and Protect the Natural Resources; 4. Improve the landscape for Forest and Agriculture; 5. Facilitate the formalization and development of Informal Mining; 6. Increase the number of Health and Education Personnel 7. Build Education and Health Facilities 8. Build a free market environment 9. Facilitate the upgrading of informal businesses 84 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 10. Increase access to social empowerments

3.2.2. Development Goals, Objectives and Strategies Development Goal 1: Sustainable Housing Unit Supply in the District for Environmental, Social and Economic Benefits Housing supply plays a major role in the development of the district. This is due to the fact that, growth in social and economic activities depends on the housing supply responsiveness in meeting the demand from the growing labour force. In this regard, the formulation of the under listed objectives will help to address inadequate housing supply in the district: Development Objective 1: To provide sustainable housing units to meet the projected housing deficit of 14,617 in the district by the year 2030 In order to provide a sustainable housing unit in the district to meet the projected deficit by 2030, the following strategies will help to achieve the outlined objective: Strategy 1: The LA will upgrade five (5) informal settlements namely Mtendere, Nyausali, Kapusa, Katenthe, and Ben compound within five (5) years. Activities 1. Community Sensitization 2. Surveying of plot parcels 3. Local Area plan generation 4. Grading of access roads Strategy 2: The LA will work with Ministry of Land will carry out a re-entry exercise for all undeveloped plot parcels in the district 18 months after offer within 5 years. Activities 1. Carry out a land audit 2. Report for re-entry Strategy 3: Financial Institutions will increase access to housing finances (mortgages) by 100% in the urban area within five (5) years. 85 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Activities 1. Community sensitization on the conditions to access housing finance. Strategy 4: The LA to implement 30% women land allocation policy for housing development in the district within 10 years. Activities 1. Promotion to engage women to apply for offer 2. Community sensitization Development Goal 2: Improved Water Supply and Sanitation Levels for Sustainable Development Water supply plays a major role in livelihood enhancement and improvement in sanitation levels in communities. This is mainly because, almost all forms of economic production depend on adequate availability of water for optimal output and results. Furthermore, compromise in the quality of water supply negatively affect the sanitation levels in the district, thereby contributing to sickly labour force for sustainable development. In view of the relevance of safe and clean water supply and improved sanitation levels in economic development, the formulation of the under listed objectives will help to address inadequate water supply and poor sanitation levels in the district. Development Objective 1: To develop and manage water resources in the district to 70% by 2030. In order to develop and manage water resources in the district, the following strategies will help to achieve the outlined objective: Strategy 1: The Department of Water Resource Development (DWRD) will construct one (1) major Dam and two (2) weirs in each chiefdom within ten (10) years. Activities 1. Sensitization activities 2. Formulate Construction Committees 3. Construct Dams & Weirs 86 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Strategy 2: The DWRD will promote Research and Development in water resources and management by 100% within ten years. Activities 1. Research and development promotion. Strategy 3: The DWRD will map aquifer to enhance ground water management in the district by 100% within 5 years. Activities 1. Aquifer explorations and development. 2. Aquifer identification and mapping. Strategy 4: The DWRD will promote alternative financing for water resources development and management in the district by 100% within 10 years. Activities 1. Promotion of water resources financing from donors, NGOs & Investors through Public Private Partnership (PPP) Development Objective 2: To improve water reticulation system and sanitation in the urban part of the district to 100% by 2030. In order to improve water reticulation system and sanitation in the urban part of the district, the following strategies have been developed: Strategy 1: EWSCO will connect 100% households in the urban parts of the district safe and clean water supply within 5 years. Activities 1. Connect all households to water supply in the urban/peri-urban setup. Strategy 2: EWSCO will construct and connect a sewer network system in the urban part of the district by 60% within 10 years. Activities 1. Formulate Sensitization Committee. 2. Construct the sewer network. 3. Connect all household to the sewer system. 87 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Development Objective 3: To increase the number of rural households accessing clean and safe water supply to 90% by 2030. In order to increase the number of rural households accessing clean and safe water supply in the district, the following strategies will help I achieving the outlined objective: Strategy 1: The RWSP will provide 90% rural householder access to clean and safe water within five years. Activities 1. Drill 30 boreholes and upgrade to mechanized systems that will cover a larger population. 2. Sensitize beneficiaries on Operations and Maintenance for sustainability of water facility established. 3. Distribution of chlorine. Development Objective 4: To attain 100% sanitation and hygiene levels in the district by 2030. In order to improve sanitation and hygiene levels in the district, the following strategies will help to achieve the outlined objective: Strategy 1: The DWASHE committee will provide all the households in the district with information about the link between health and sanitation within three (3) years. Activities 1. Orientation of DWASH committee 2. Training of traditional leaders 3. Training of Community Champions 4. Training V-WASHE committees Development Goal 3: Improved Power Distribution in Urban and Rural Part of the District for Sustainable Economic Development Power supply plays a critical role in the development of every economy. This is mainly because; economic activities depend on the availability of power for production and value addition. On the contrary, inadequate power distribution has a negative effect on the growth of the economic and brings about a compromise in the management of natural resources. 88 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n In this regard, the formulation of the under listed objectives will help to address inadequate power distribution in the district: Development Objective 1: To increase access to power connection to 98% both rural and urban parts of the district to the national grid by 2030. In order to increase the number of domestic and commercial infrastructure connected to the national grid in the district, the following strategies will help to achieve the outlined objective: Strategy 1: ZESCO will increase the number of domestic and commercial infrastructures connected to the national grid to 98% in urban areas within 10 years. Activities 1. Carryout community sensitization 2. Promoting connection subsidies. 3. System reinforcement. Strategy 2: ZESCO and REA to connect 80% of peri-urban and rural areas to the national grid within ten (10) years. Activities 1. ZESCO and REA to continue planning and promoting projects. 2. Promote the use of Ready Boards. 3. Promote connection subsidies. Development Objective 2: To promote the use of alternative energy sources and technologies to 70 % in the district by 2030 In order to promote the use of alternative energy sources and technologies in the district, the following strategies will help to achieve the outlined objective: Strategy 1: The Ministry of Energy will increase sensitization on the use of alternative energy sources to 100% in the district within 5 years. Activities 1. Community Sensitization. 89 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 2. Provide flexible measures when offering operating licenses in alternative renewable Energy. Strategy 2: The Ministry of Energy will provide 100% access to energy efficient technologies in the district within ten (10) years. Activities 1. Carry out community sensitizations. 2. Distribution of brochures and trucks. 3. Reducing the cost of energy efficient technologies. Development Goal 4: Managed and Protected Environment and Natural Resources for a Friendly Ecosystem The management and protection of the environment and natural resources is cardinal in creating and returning a friendly ecosystem. However, the district has continued to recorded depletion of natural resources due to mismanagement in the exploitation for commercial and domestic use. In this regard, the formulation of the under listed objectives will help to address the unsustainable exploitation of the environment and natural resources in the district: Development Objective 1: To regulate and monitor all the exploitation of natural resources and industrial activities in the district by 2030 In order to regulate and monitor all the exploitation of natural resources and industrial activities in the district, the following strategies will help in achieving the developmental objective: Strategy 1: The LA will monitor and regulate the exploitation of all the industrial activities in the district within 10years. Activities 1. Routine monitoring and inspections 2. Prosecution of illegal developers Strategy 2: Forest Department will monitor and control all exploitation of all the tree species in the district within 10years. Activities 90 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 1. Routine monitoring and inspections 2. Confiscation of unpermitted exploited natural tree species 3. Prosecution of illegal developers Strategy 3: The LA will ensure that all industrial activities within the district adhere to environmental regulations within 2 years. Activities 1. Community Sensitizations 2. Routine monitoring and inspections 3. Legal enforcement of industries violating environmental regulations Strategy 4: The LA will ensure that effluents and obnoxious substance from both domestic, commercial, and Industrial activities are disposed in a legally designated places and manner within 1years. Activities 1. Community sensitizations 2. Monitoring the disposal of industrial, commercial and domestic effluents 3. Prosecution of institutions violating waste management policy Development Goal 5: Managed and Regulated Forest Resources Exploitations in the District The management and protection forest areas in the district is of vital significance in the effort to promote forest regeneration and a sustainable livelihood. This therefore calls for efficient management and strong regulatory framework in the exploitation of forest resources in the district. In this regard, the formulation of the under listed objectives will help to address the unsustainable exploitation of forest resources in the district: Development Objective 1: To increase forest hectarage under community management to 50, 000 Ha in Nyimba by 2030 In order to increase forest hectare under community management in the district, the under listed strategy will help in achieving the development objective: 91 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Strategy 1: Forest Department in collaboration with traditional leaders and the community will place 50,000 Ha under community forest management within 5 years. Activities 1. Conduct sensitization meetings with traditional leaders & community on natural resources management 2. Zoning of forests 3. Mapping and beacon placement around identified forests 4. Formulate Community Forest Executive Committee Development Objective 2: To reduce harvesting of wood and the production of charcoal by 30% in the district by 2030. In order to reduce harvesting of wood and the production of charcoals by 30% in the district, the under listed strategy will be implemented. Strategy 1: Forest Department will regulate and set aside two charcoal production areas in the district within 10 years. Activities 1. Conduct public awareness on the impacts of unsustainable charcoal production on the environment, socio-economic and climate change. 2. Identify two (2) charcoal production areas. 3. Draft guidelines on charcoal production. Development Goal 6: Explored, Protected, and Managed Protected Areas in the District Tourism sector plays a major role in the growth of every economy, thereby improving the lives of the local people. This therefore calls for concerted efforts in protecting the protected areas from possible encroachments in an effort to grow the sector in the district. In this regard, the formulation of the under listed objectives will help to address the identified phenomenon in the district. Development Objective 1: To reduce and mitigate the increase of Human encroachment into protected areas to 50% by 2030 92 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n In order to reduce and mitigate the increase of human encroachment into protected areas in the district, the under listed strategy will be implemented. Strategy 1: The DNPW will reduce the size of encroached GMA and Open Areas to 25% within 10 years. Activities 1. To develop Game Management Plan for GMA. 2. To develop a Land Use Plans in GMA and Open Areas. 3. To relocate illegal settlers from Primary Hunting Blocks. Strategy 2: The DNPW will reduce and mitigate Human Wildlife conflict by 80% within 10 years. Activities 1. To sensitize the Local communities on causes and effects of Human Wildlife conflict and implementation of effective mitigation measures. 2. To construct and install solar, electric and chilly fences in GMA and Open Areas. 3. To promote alternative livelihood activities at household level in order to reduce the increase in poverty levels. 4. Increase community participation in wildlife, resource protection and benefit sharing mechanism (CBNRM Policy). 5. Increase funding for law enforcement operations. Development Objective 1: To explore and market all tourism potential areas in the district by 2030 In order to explore and market all tourism potential areas in the district, the under listed strategies will be implemented. Strategy 1: The DNPW to explore all the tourism potential areas in the district within 10 years. Activities 1. To collect data on all tourism potential areas in the district. 2. To generate thematic maps on all tourism potential areas. 93 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Strategy 2: The DNPW in collaboration with Hunting Outfitters and Private Investors to market all the mapped tourism potential areas in the district within 10 years. Activities 1. Exhibiting at the investment potential expositions. 2. Mounting Billboards and generate fliers showing tourism sites locations and services offered. 3. Sensitize private investors to put deliberate policies to accommodate local residents and tourists. Development Goal 7: Increased Crop Yield and Healthy livestock in the District for Poverty Reduction Agriculture is a mainstay of the District and its growth entails improvement and enhancement in the livelihood of the local people. This therefore necessitate the drive for crop yield improvement and reduce livestock morbidity and mortality rate. Given the foregoing premise, the formulated objectives will held address the identified phenomenon. Development Objective 1: To increase agricultural production and productivity of five major crops by 100 % in Nyimba district by 2030. In order to increase agricultural production and productivity of five major crops in the district, the following strategies to be implemented. Strategy 1: The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) in conjunction with stakeholders will increase the promotion in the use of improved and certified seed to 100% for crop production in the district within five (5) years. Activities 1. Community sensitization on improved seed 2. Set up field demonstrations and trials 3. Conduct field days to show case the technologies 4. Conduct mini trainings planting, fertilizer application & weeding stages 94 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Strategy 2: MoA in conjunction with stakeholders will increase the promotion of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) to 100 % in the 24 agricultural camps of Nyimba district by 2025 Activities 1. Training smallholder farmers & staff in Climate Smart Agricultural technologies. 2. Establishment of Farmer Field Schools to expose farmers to various CSA protocols Strategy 3: MoA in conjunction with stakeholders will promote investment in appropriate and cost-effective irrigation technologies by 40 % in Nyimba district within five years. Activities 1. Establish smallholder low cost community irrigation facilities – Mulira & Nsaika Village Schemes. 2. Training smallholder farmers & staff in irrigation management system. Development Objective 2: To improve food and nutrition status of about 50% people in the district by 2030. In order to improve food and nutrition status for people in the district, the following strategies to be implemented. Strategy 1: MoA in collaboration with stakeholders will increase to 50 % the diversification of agricultural production & utilization of four crops other than maize in the district within 5years. Activities 1. Conduct training in food processing & nutrition. 2. Conduct food fares to expose the community to various menus. 3. Promote cultivation of other crops such as rice, soya beans and groundnuts Strategy 2: The MoA in collaboration with stakeholders will increase to 50 % on-farm agro processing, value addition & reduce post-harvest losses in 24 camps within 5 years. Activities 1. Training farmers in agro-processing, value addition and farm storage 2. Distribute hermatic bags and metal silos 95 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Development Objective 3: To increase the resilience of farmers to effects of Climate Change to 50% in the district by 2030 In order to increase the resilience of farmers to effects of climate change in the district, the under listed strategies to be implemented. Strategy 1: MoA in collaboration with stakeholders will increase awareness on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation measures by 100 % in the district within 5 years. Activities 1. Conduct awareness campaigns on climate change mitigation and adaptation 2. Train stakeholders in climate risk assessment Strategy 2: MoA in collaboration with Zambia Meteorological Department will strengthen existing early warning systems to 100 % by 2030. Activities 1. Training of agriculture officers in early warning systems (surveillance, data collection and reporting) 2. Installation of early warning equipment-rain gauges & fall Armyworm traps Development Objective 4: To promote animal health and productive efficiency of livestock to 80 % in the district by 2030 In order to promote animal health and productive efficiency of livestock in the district, the following strategies to be implemented. Strategy 1: Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MFL) in conjunction with stakeholders will control livestock diseases and vectors to 100 % by 2030. Activities 1. Conduct vaccinations against East Coast fever, Trypanosomiasis, Lumpy skin, New castle disease, African swine fever diseases. 2. Spraying/dipping to control ticks 3. Livestock training on disease control 4. Livestock disease surveillance to determine the disease prevalence Strategy 2: MFL in conjunction with stakeholders to enhance sustainable management of livestock by 60 % in Nyimba district by 2025 96 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Activities 1. Restock 2,500 local chickens and 2,000 Local goats 2. Conduct livestock production trainings to livestock farmers 3. Establishment of livestock demonstrations 4. Conduct field days and market linkages 5. Cultivation of improved pastures Development Goal 8: Regulated and Managed Mining Activities in the District for Economic Growth A well-regulated and managed mining sector has the potential to transform the economy of a region. This is due to the fact that, mining activities bring high returns, sufficient to change the social and economic status of a society. This then call for a strong legal framework to ensure that mining undertaking are carried out in regulated manner in order to benefit the economy and the livelihood of the locals. Given the foregoing premise, the under listed objective is formulated to address illegal mining activities in the district. Development Objective 1: To legalize, regulate and promote the growth of all mining activities in the district by 2030. In order to legalize, regulate, and promote the growth of all mining activities in the district, the district will implement the under listed strategy. Strategy 1: LA to enhance the growth of the all the mining activities in the district within 10 years. Activities 1. Mapping of all mining activities in the district 2. Conduct sensitization on the procedures regarding legalization of mining activities 3. Develop a legal framework for establishment and development of mining activities in the district 97 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 4. Conducting monitoring and development control Development Goal 9: Enhanced Healthy Service Provision through Improved and Efficient Health Care System in the District A healthy society plays a critical role in the social and economic development of every society. This is achievable through an improved and efficient health care system fostered through the provision of adequate health facilities, human resource, and availability of drugs and transport for referrals. Given the outlined condition, the formulated will help to address the identified phenomenon. Development Objective 1: To ensure that at least 80% of essential drugs and vaccines are available in all healthcare facilities by 2025. In order to ensure that at least 80% of essential drugs and vaccines are available in the district, the under listed strategy will be implemented. Strategy 1: Ministry of Health will increase the number of community health workers and health facilities reporting full availability of medicines to 100% within 3 years. Activities 1. Provide reporting tools and equipment’s to CHWs and CBVs 2. Conduct routine inspections on availability of reporting tools and equipment’s in health facilities Strategy 2: The District Health Office will promptly distribute drugs supplied by medical stores to at least 95% of health care facilities within 10 years. Activities 1. Supply drugs to all healthcare facilities in the district 2. Drug dispensing monitoring every week 3. Routine inspections of medical stores and health facilities on availability of essential drugs Strategy 3: DHO and Cooperating partners to ensure that there is a dedicated utility for distribution and monitoring of drugs and medicine to all health facilities within 10 years 2030 Activities 1. MOH with cooperating partners to ensure procurement of 5 utility vehicles 98 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Development Objective 2: To ensure that all healthcare facilities in the district have the required number of qualified healthcare providers within ten (10) years. In order to ensure that all health care in the district have the required number of qualified healthcare providers, the following strategies to be implemented. Strategy 1: The Ministry of Health with stakeholders will increase the knowledge base of Community Health workers and community Based volunteers on health related illnesses to 95% by aligning health educational programs within 3 years. Activities 1. DHO to conduct trainings of CHWs and CBVs on different communicable and non- communicable diseases at least twice a year. 2. Provide IEC materials and refresher trainings to CHWs and CBVs Strategy 2: The Ministry of health will increase staffing levels to 80% in health facilities in line with Health Legacy Goal Number 3 within five years. Activities 1. Recruitment of more healthcare personnel’s 2. Sponsor unskilled staff for professional training Strategy 3: The Ministry of Health to introduce additional incentives to attract and retain health workers in remote rural facilities within 5 years. Activities 1. Increase rural/remote hardship allowance. 2. Provide standard housing facilities. 3. Provide dedicated vehicles to remote facilities Development Objective 3: To build healthcare infrastructure to cover at least 80% of the district population by 2030. In order to build healthcare infrastructure to cover at least 80% of the district population, the following strategies to be implemented. Strategy 1: Ministry of Health and Cooperating partners will upgrade 80% primary Healthcare units into Health Posts and Clinics within 10 years. Activities 99 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 1. Construct modern primary healthcare posts to replace PHCU. 2. Assign qualified staff to the upgraded PHCP Strategy 2: The Ministry of Health and Cooperating Partners will ensure construction of healthcare facilities to raise the coverage to 90% within 10 years. Activities 1. Construction of new healthcare facilities. 2. Equip new healthcare facilities with essential medicines, drugs and equipment’s. 3. Deploy healthcare providers to the newly constructed healthcare facilities Development Goal 10: Good Communication Infrastructure for Efficient Service Delivery A good and efficient communication network is vital in the acceleration of service delivery to foster socio-economic development in communities. However, the condition of most roads in the district are in a very deplorable state and the district has inadequate communication tower. This therefore necessitate the formulation of under listed objectives to address the problem. Development Objective 1: To develop an integrated transport system that supports socio- economic development and road safety in the district by 2030 An integrated transport system that supports socio-economic development can be achieved through the implementation of the under listed strategies. Strategy 1: The LA in collaboration with RDA will develop a modern road network and storm water drainage system by upgrading 50% of township roads to bituminous standard and 80% of the feeder roads by 2030. Activities 1. Construction of a modern road network and storm water drainage system. 2. Gravelling and tarring of feeder roads. 3. Upgrade township roads to bituminous standard. Strategy 2: The LA together with stakeholders will work toward the establishment of the intra- bus routes in the township and to all the four (4) chiefdoms within the district to 100% by 2030. Activities 100 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 1. Ensure that the service levels for all the roads within the township and the four chiefdoms are increased. 2. Stakeholder engagements on the establishment of intra bus routes Strategy 3: The LA together with RDA will provide for cycle tracks and pedestrian walkways to incorporate on at least 80% of urban roads within the district by 2030. Activities 1. Design cycle tracks and pedestrian walkways. 2. Sensitization on intermediate means of transport Strategy 4: LA in collaboration with stakeholders to strengthen the capacity of district in the road sector by providing a complete set of road maintenance plant and equipment by 2030. Activities 1. Procure road maintenance equipment. 2. Staff development for institutions in the road sector Strategy 5: The LA will promote Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and direct investment in road construction and maintenance by 2030. Activities 1. Engagement meetings with investors on the need contribute to road construction 2. Road tolling activities to finance rehabilitation of roads Development Objective 2: To improve radio and communication services in the district to 100% by 2030 In order to improve radio and communication services in the district, the implementation of under listed strategies is cardinal. Strategy 1: LA with ZICTA will provide an enabling environment for service providers to invest in Information and Technology Infrastructure to 100% by 2030. Activities 1. Construct modern towers. 2. Advertise the district potential investment in the communication. 101 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Strategy 2: The LA will ensure that all new residential and business areas planned in aiding the establishment of a modern address system to 100% by 2030. Activities 1. Number all houses and provide road name tags in the district. 2. To incorporate postal services at the council. Development Goal 11: Enhanced Education Services with a Reduced Illiteracy Level Education sector plays a major role in providing a society with survival skills in order to function and work with efficiency and soundness. This therefore demands that, education services are readily available and close to the people as much as possible. Given the outlined condition, the formulated will help to address the identified phenomenon. Objective 1: To ensure that all the communities in the district have access to quality education services by 2030. In order to ensure all communities in the district have access to quality education services, the district will implement the under listed strategies: Strategy 1: The MoGE and stakeholders to construct minimum of two secondary and eight primary schools in the district within 10 years. Activities 1. Community sensitization. 2. Mobilization of 25% upfront materials. 3. Construction of the proposed two secondary schools. Strategy 2: The MoGE and stakeholders to upgrade 12 community schools to primary schools in the district within 10 years. Activities 1. Submission of the 12 schools to Ministry of General Education for upgrading. 2. Community sensitization Strategy 3: The MoGE and stakeholders to ensure that all primary schools have early childhood education centres within 10 years. 102 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Activities 1. Community sensitization 2. Facilitate the establishment of annexed stand-alone and low-cost community modes of Early Childhood Education centres. Objective 2: To improve school infrastructures and facilities in the district to 80% within 10 years. In order to improve school infrastructure and facilities, the district will implement the under listed strategies: Strategy 1: The MoGE and stakeholders to ensure that all schools in the district have WASH facilities within 5 years. Programmes 1. Conduct Orientation trainings for SHN Coordinators in all schools across the district. 2. Revamp School WASH clubs in all schools across the district. Strategy 2: The MoGE and stakeholders to increase the number of classroom blocks and staff accommodation in the district within 10 years Activities 1. Sensitization meetings 2. Expansion of classroom and staff accommodation 3. Mobilization of upfront materials. Strategy 3: The MoGE and stakeholders to ensure that all schools have recreational facilities in the district within 10 years. Activities 1. Conduct Stakeholder meetings. 2. Construction recreational facilities. 3. Mobilization of upfront materials. Strategy 4: The MoGE and stakeholders to ensure that all school have adequate teaching and learning materials in the district within. 103 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Activities 1. Identification of needed materials. 2. Sensitize all secondary schools on the acquisition of teaching and learning materials. Objective 3: To improve staffing levels in all schools in the district within 10 years. In order to improve learners’ interaction with teachers, the district will implement the under listed strategies: Strategy 1: The MoGE will ensure that all school meet 1:40 pupil teacher ratio in the district by 2030. Activities 1. Lobby for more teachers to meet the needs of the district. 2. Deploy and place teachers in needy schools. Development Goal 13: Enhanced Social Protection for Social Inclusion Social Protection sector plays a major role in improving the social status of the vulnerable groups in groups in the district. This gives women and children who are vulnerable but viable opportunity to improve the livelihood. Given the outlined condition, the formulated will help to address the identified problem. Objective 1: To reduce extreme poverty and destitution among vulnerable and poor households to 30% in Nyimba district within 10 years. In order to reduce extreme poverty and destitution among vulnerable and poor households, the district will implement the under listed strategies: Strategies 1: The MCDSS to engage collaborating partners in order to increase funding for all social protection programmes within 10 years. Activities 1. Community Sanitization 2. Scale up social cash transfer program in the district from 6466 beneficiaries to 8000 beneficiaries. 3. Scale up Food security pack beneficiaries from 300 to 1200. 104 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 4. Scale up Support Women Livelihood from 1630 beneficiaries to 4500 beneficiaries. 5. Retargeting 780 potential beneficiaries for Keeping Girls in School. Strategy 2: The MCDSS and stakeholders to strengthen coordination of social protection systems to 100% in the district within 10 years. Activities 1. Develop District Social Protection committee. 2. Conduct stakeholder meeting. 3. Hold quarterly review meeting for the committee. 4. Enhance coherence among the Stakeholders. Strategy 3: The MCDSS and stakeholder to train 30,000 vulnerable but viable persons in the district in entrepreneurship skills within 10 years. Activities 1. Community Sensitization. 2. Train at least 250 vulnerable persons in entrepreneurship skills every monthly across the district. 3. Form and Train 1,500 saving groups across the district. Development Goal 13: A Self-Sustainable Business Environment for all forms of Business Operations Every business institution desire to operation in a conducive business environment for optimal grow and sustainability. This therefore demands that due diligence is given to factors that promote the growth of every form of legal business in a community. Nyimba district has experienced challenges in terms of establishment of conducive trading spaces to accommodate all business entities, and further lack of sufficient financial knowledge by small business entities to grow their businesses. Given the foregoing premise, the formulated objectives will address the core problem. Objective 1: To improve the existing trading infrastructure and establish four new trading infrastructure by 2030. 105 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n In order to achieve the outlined objective, the district will implement the under listed strategies: Strategy 1: The local authority with stakeholders will ensure that the three existing trading infrastructures are upgrade to modern markets by 2030. Strategy 2: The LA with stakeholders to establish four new trading infrastructure in the wards that are far from the CBD by 2030. Objective 2: To enhance value addition to local produce by 2030 In order to achieve the outlined objective, the district will implement the under listed strategies: Strategy 1: The LA and stakeholders will set up a multi facility economic zones to promote value addition by 2030. Strategy 2: To optimize the operation 18 existing solar milling plants to 100% by 2030. Objective 3: To enhance financial education to traders in the district especially women and the vulnerable groups to 100% by 2030 In order to achieve the outlined objective, the district will implement the under listed strategies: Strategy 1: The ministry of commerce, trade and industry and stakeholder will facilitate quarterly financial education to formal and informal businesses in all the wards. 106 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

3.3. Spatial development Framework The section below provides the scenarios for spatial development framework from which to consider the spatial development framework for implementation.

3.3.1. Alternative Spatial Developments Outlined below are the Spatial Development Scenarios that might be able to address the identified issues and deliver the Local Authority’s objectives.

3.3.1.1. Scenario One: Promoting the Development of Growth Areas In order to substantiate the call to leaving no one behind in development, the district had developed scenario one with the aim of promoting the competitive and comparative advantage through the promotion of value addition on local produce through the use of concepts such growth area, nodes, development corridors, containment and densification around the value addition region of the district while promoting local economic development and trade between Nyimba and other district in the province. Map 13: Scenario One Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS 107 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

3.3.1.2. Scenario Two: Promoting the Development of Growth Areas In order to promote diversification in the main stay of district economy, the district will enhance development in the tourism, agriculture, and forestry, and mining sector besides other potential investment areas. This is with the call to utilize all the available resources in a sustainable manner and building a more climate change resilient district. Map 14: Scenario Two Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

3.3.1.3. Scenario Three: To Develop and Improve Social Amenities The development scenario aims to increase access to basic services such as education, health, environmental services and social protection. By using the concept of developing industries and trade areas, the idea is to strengthen service delivery through equitable distribution of education and health infrastructure in each ward to ensure that distances covered by population are within planned development schemes. 108 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 15: Scenario Three Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

3.3.2. Chosen Spatial Developments Chosen spatial development scenario with justification and maps showing detailed proposals on the various infrastructure/services.

3.3.2.1. Scenario Two: Sustainably Develop Agriculture, Forest, Tourism and Mining Areas This concept focuses on unlocking the potential of agriculture, tourism, and mining areas, related services to derive economic benefit and growth from these resources. Nyimba is blessed with a number of potential investment areas in tourism and mining area, it is of importance to note that as the district we need to create an enabling environment to attract investments in the proposed development scenario. This scenario was selected based on the following factors: To improve local based tourism investment and management of wildlife recourses; to improve management of forest resource and increase forest areas under protection; to increase agriculture productivity in the district and; to improve legal mining activities and mining investment. 109 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Map 16: Chosen Scenario Source: Nyimba Town Council GIS

3.4. Land Use Planning Policies and Proposals In order to control and regulate development in IDP area which is the district in its entirety, all wards are proposed to prepare Local Area Plans (LAPs). This concept of planning is inclusive in nature such that all key stakeholders are involved such that decentralization is being actualized in terms planning.

3.4.1. Protection of Areas of Environmental Sensitivity, Culture, and Historical Importance The following Land Use Policies shall be developed for protection of areas of environmental sensitivity, Culture, and Historical Importance: 1. Prohibition of infrastructure development within 400 meters along major rivers and within 100 meters along stream and swampy areas. 2. Prohibition of cutting down of trees within the 500 meters along major rivers and 100 meters within minor rivers and streams. 3. Map and protect areas of cultural and historical importance. 110 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

3.4.2. Protection of National and Regional Interests The following Land Use Policies shall be developed to protect areas of national and regional interest: 1. Ensure that T4 road is well maintained for easy connectivity to other districts. 2. Protect the banks of Luangwa River and Lukusashi River.

3.4.3. Informal Settlements The following Land Use Policies will be developed to upgrade and control development in the informal settlements. 1. Provide access roads. 2. Prohibit development in swampy areas and areas near streams. 3. Building storm water drainages. 4. Improve Health and Education Infrastructures.

3.4.4. Land under Customary Ownership The following Land Use Policies shall be developed for areas under jurisdiction of Traditional Authorities: 1. Develop a Planning Agreement document for development of Housing, Commercial, and Industrial areas. 2. Help Traditional Leaders develop a land allocation map. 111 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n PART FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME In order for the District Integration Development Plan to serve the people of Nyimba District, the identified programmes and strategies need to be implemented holistically. This part of the IDP will define the cost of implementing the programmes that has been identified in order to address the core problems that the district is facing.

4.1. Capital Investment Programme The section below provides highlights on the costing for Capital Investment Programmes that will be required to implement the activities aimed at addressing the core problems and realizing the district goals and vision.

4.1.1. Costing of Capital Investment Programmes Table 24 below provides a comprehensive costing of projects and programmes identified in addressing the core problems affecting the growth of the districts in all the sectors of development implementations. Table 24:Costing of Capital Projects in the District Development Goal 1: Managed and Protected Environment and Natural Resources for a Friendly Ecosystem Development Objective 1: To regulate and monitor all the exploitation of natural resources and industrial activities in the district by 2030 Strategy 1: The LA will monitor and regulate the exploitation of all the industrial activities in the district within 10 years. Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Routine Improved 150,000 165,000 181,500 199,650 219,615 915,765 monitoring and management of inspections. natural resources. Prosecution of Compliance to 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 illegal natural developers. management regulations. Strategy 2: Forest Department will monitor and control all exploitation of all the tree species in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Routine Improved 80,000 88,000 96,800 106,480 117,128 617,249 monitoring and management of inspections forest resources. Confiscation of Reduced illegal 40,000 44,000 48,400 53,240 58,564 308,624 unpermitted exploitation of exploited natural natural species tree species Prosecution of Ensure compliance 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 154,312 illegal of forest resources developers management Strategy 3: The LA will ensure that all industrial activities within the district adhere to environmental regulations within 2 years Activity Activity Outputs Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Community General public 100,000 120,000 - - - 220,000 Sensitizations sensitized Routine Compliance to 80,000 88,000 - - - 168,000 monitoring and environmental inspections Regulations Legal Compliance to 100,000 120,000 - - - 220,000 enforcement of environmental industries Regulations violating environmental regulations Strategy 4: The LA will ensure that effluents and obnoxious substance from both domestic, commercial, and Industrial activities are disposed in a legally designated places and manner within 1 years Activity Activity Outputs Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Community Sensitize 40,000 44,000 48,400 53,240 58,564 244,204 community sensitizations Monitoring the Proper disposal of 80,000 88,000 96,800 106,480 117,128 488,408 disposal of effluents. industrial, commercial and domestic effluents Prosecution of Compliancy to 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 institutions environmental violating waste policies. management policy Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department Development Goal 2: Managed and Regulated Forest Resources Exploitations in the District 113 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Development Objective 1: To increase forest hectarage under community management to 50, 000 Ha in Nyimba by 2030 Strategy 1: Forest Department in collaboration with traditional leaders and the community will place 50,000 Ha under community forest management within 5 years Activity Activity Outputs Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Conduct Traditional leaders 100,000 110,000 111,100 122,210 134,431 577,741 sensitization and communities meetings with are made aware of regulations and traditional best practices. leaders and community on natural resources management Zoning of All forests are 150,000 165,000 181,500 199,650 219,615 915,765 forests zoned Mapping and To ensure that all 300,000 330,000 363,000 399,300 439,230 1,831,530 beacon forests are mapped placement and beaconed around identified forests Formulate Community Forest 200,000 200,000 Community Executive Forest Executive Established Committee Development Objective 2: To reduce harvesting of wood and the production of charcoal by 30% in the district by 2030. Strategy 1: Forest Department will regulate and set aside two charcoal production areas in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Outputs Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Conduct public The Public made 100,000 110,000 111,100 122,210 134,431 577,741 awareness on the aware of the impacts of impacts of unsustainable unsustainable charcoal charcoal production on production the environment, socio-economic and climate change. 114 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Identify two (2) Two charcoal - 50,000 - - - 50,000 charcoal production areas production areas. identified. Draft guidelines Charcoal - 50,000 - - - 50,000 on charcoal production production. guidelines developed Source: Nyimba District Forest Office Development Goal 3: Explored, Protected, and Managed Protected Areas in the District Development Objective 1: To reduce and mitigate the increase of Human encroachment into protected areas to 50% by 2030 Strategy 1: The DNPW will reduce the size of encroached GMA and Open Areas to 25% within 10 years. Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 To develop Game Game Management 150,000 165,000 181,500 199,650 219,615 915,765 Management Plan for Plan Developed GMA To Develop Land Use Land Use Plans for 450,000 495,000 544,500 598,950 658,845 2,747,295 Plans in GMA and GMA and Open Open Area Areas developed To relocate illegal Illegal settler from 900,000 990,000 1,089,000 1,197,900 1,317,690 5,494,590 settler from primary primary hunting hunting blocks blocks relocated Source: Nyimba National Park and Wildlife Office Development Goal 4: Improved Power Distribution in Urban and Rural Part of the District for Sustainable Economic Development Development Objective 1: To increase access to power connection to 98% both in rural and urban parts of the district to the national grid by 2030. Strategy 1: ZESCO will increase the number of domestic and commercial infrastructures connected to the national grid to 98% in urban areas within 10 years. Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Carry out community Community 30,000 33,000 36,300 39,930 43,923 183,153 sensitization sensitized Promoting Connection Increased 216,000 237,600 261,360 287,496 316,246 1,318,702 Subsides Connections 115 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n System Reinforcement Increased Access 1,500,000 1,650,000 1,815,000 1,996,500 2,196,150 9,157,650 to the national grid Strategy 2: ZESCO and REA to connect 80% of Peri-Urban and Rural Areas to the National Grid within ten (10) years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 ZESCO and REA to Increased Access 10,100,00 11,110,00 12,221,000 13,443,100 14,787,410 61,661,510 continue planning and to the national grid 0 0 promoting projects Promote the use of Increased 150,000 165,000 181,500 199,650 219,615 915,765 ready boards Connections Promote connection Increased Access 150,000 165,000 181,500 199,650 219,615 915,765 subsides to the national grid Development Objective 2: To promote the use of alternative energy sources and technologies to 70 % in the district by 2030 Strategy 1: The Ministry of Energy will increase sensitization on the use of alternative energy sources to 100% in the district within 5 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Community Community 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 Sensitization Sensitized Providing flexible Increased use of 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 measures when alternative offsetting operating renewable energy licenses in alternative sources renewable energy Strategy 2: The Ministry of Energy will provide 100% access to energy efficient technologies in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Community Community 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 Sensitization Sensitized Distributing of Community 30,000 33,000 36,300 39,930 43,923 183,153 brochures and trucks Sensitized 116 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Reducing the cost of Increased access to 30,000 33,000 36,300 39,930 43,923 183,153 energy efficient energy efficient technologies technologies Source: Nyimba ZESCO Office Development Goal 5: Sustainable Housing Unit Supply in the District for Environmental, Social and Economic Benefits Development Objective 1: To provide a sustainable housing unit to meet the projected housing deficit of 14,617 in the district by the year 2030 Strategy 1: The LA will upgrade five (5) informal settlements namely Mtendere, Nyausali, Kapusa, Katenthe, and Ben compound within five (5) years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total (ZMW) Community Security of land 10,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 Sensitization tenure 112,102 Surveying of Plots Generating Site 250,000 275,000 302,500 332,750 366,025 Parcels Plan 1,526,275 Layout Plan generation Generate 10,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 occupancy licenses 112,102 Grading of access Improved road 90,000 99000 108,900 119,790 131,769 549,459 roads network Strategy 2: The LA will work with Ministry of lands will carry out a re-entry exercise for all undeveloped plot parcels in the district 18 months after offer within 5 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total (ZMW) Carry out a land audit To promote legal 10,000 11,000 12,100 13,310 14,641 exercise development 61,051 Re-entry exercise To ensure all developers develop 10,000 11,000 12,100 13,310 14,641 within the state time frame 61,051 Strategy 3: Financial institutions will increase access to housing finance mortgages by 100% in the urban area within 5 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total (ZMW) Community Community Sensitizations sensitized on the 10,000 11,000 12,100 13,310 14,641 conditions to housing finance. 61,051 117 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Strategy 4: The LA to implement 30% women land allocation policy for housing development in the district within 10years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total (ZMW) Community To Empower Sensitization women to have 10,000 11,000 12,100 13,310 14,641 ownership of land 61,051 Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department Development Goal 6: Improved Water Supply and Sanitation Levels for Sustainable Development Development Objective 1: To develop and manage water resources in the district to 70% by 2030 Strategy 1: The Department of Water Resource Development (DWRD) will construct one (1) major Dam and two (2) weirs in each chiefdom within ten (10) years. Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Sensitization Awareness 5,000 - - - - 5,000 Activities Increased Formulate Dam Dam Committees 10,000 11,000 12,100 13,310 14,641 61,051 Committees Formulated Dam and Weirs 54,000 58,320 62,985.60 68,024.45 73,466.40 316,796.45 Construct Dams and Constructed Weirs Strategy 2: The DWRD will promote Research and Development in water resources and management by 100% within ten years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Research and New 20,000 - - - 30,000 50,000 development technologies and promotion Innovations Strategy 3: The DWRD will map aquifer to enhance ground water management in the district by 100% within 5 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Aquifer explorations Increase 200,000 - - - 300,000 500,000 and development. knowledge on water ground water sources 118 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Aquifer To develop 100,000 - - - 150,000 250,000 identification and aquifer maps mapping. Strategy 4: The DWRD will promote alternative financing for water resources development and management in the district by 100% within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total (ZMW) Promotion of water Increase water resources financing investment from donors, NGOs and Investors 10,000 11,000 12,100 13,310 14,641 through Public Private Partnership (PPP) 61,051 Development Objective 2: To improve water reticulation system and sanitation in the urban part of the district to 95% by 2030. Strategy 1: EWSCO will connect 100% households in the urban parts of the district safe and clean water supply within 5 years. Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Connect all Increased access 2,484,82 2,749,81 3,370,801.8 3,729,683.6 15,379,740. 15,379,740.74 households to water a water supply 0.80 1.33 7 2 74 supply in the urban/peri-urban setup Strategy 2: EWSCO will construct and connect a sewer network system in the urban part of the district by 60% within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total (ZMW) Formulate Increased 108,000 116,640 125,971.20 146,932.81 633,592.90 Sensitization Knowledge Committee Sharing and Awareness 633,592.90 Connect all Improve waste 14,908,9 16,498,8 18,267,738. 20,224,811. 92,278,444. 92,278,444.43 households to the management 24.80 67.97 76 20 43 sewer system Development Objective 3: To increase the number of rural households accessing clean and safe water supply to 90% by 2030. Strategy 1: The RWSP will provide 90% rural householder access to clean and safe water within five years 119 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Drill 30 boreholes Increased access 750,000 185,000 190,000 400,000 900,000 2,425,000 and upgrade to to water supply mechanized systems that will cover a larger population. Sensitize Capacity build the 10,0000 20,000 35,000 40,000 105,000 beneficiaries on beneficiaries on Operations and operations and Maintenance for maintenance for sustainability of sustainability of water facility water facility established. established Distribution of Increased access 40,000 43,000 45,000 55,000 183,000 chlorine for safe water to drink Development Objective 4: To attain 100% sanitation and hygiene levels in the district by 2030 Strategy 1: The DWASHE committee will provide all the households in the district with information about the link between health and sanitation within three (3) years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total (ZMW) Increased access to sharing and Orientation of awareness on DWASH committee WASH 45,000 - - - - 45,000 Increased access Training of to sharing and traditional leaders awareness 25,000 - - 42,000 - 67,000 Training of Capacity build the Community community Champions/Area champion or area Pump Minder pump minder 23,000 30,000 - - 53,000 Capacity build the Training V-WASHE V-WASHE committees committee 10,000 13,000 12,000 13,000 15,000 63,000 Source: Nyimba Department of Water Resource Management Office Development Goal 7: Increased Crop Yield and Healthy livestock in the District for Poverty Reduction 120 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Development Objective 1: To increase agricultural production and productivity of five major crops by 100 % in Nyimba district by 2030. Strategy 1: The Ministry of Agriculture [MoA] in conjunction with stakeholders will increase from 60 % to 100 % the promotion in the use of improved and certified seed in crop production in Nyimba district within five years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Produce and Dissemination of disseminate Improved seed brochures on information 10,000 11000 12,100 13,310 14,641 61,051 improved seed increased Field Farmers trained on demonstrations improved seed establishment utilization 30,000 33,000 36,300 39,930 43,923 183,153 Conduct field days Farmers trained on to show case the improved seed technologies utilization 25,000 27500 30,250 33,275 36,602.50 152,628 Conduct mini Cultural practices trainings planting, by farmers fertilizer application improved 35,000 38500 42,350 46,585 51,243.50 213,679 and weeding stages Strategy 2: The MoA in conjunction with stakeholders will increase the promotion of Climate Smart Agriculture from 70 % to 100 % in the 24 agricultural camps of Nyimba district by 2025 Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Training Knowledge on smallholder farmers climate change and staff in Climate mitigation and 18,000 19,800 21,780 23,958 26,353.80 Smart Agriculture adaptation to 109,892 technologies farmers and staff increased Establishment of Knowledge on farmer field schools climate change to expose farmers to mitigation to 24,000 26,400 29,040 31,944 35,138.40 146,522 various CSA farmers increased protocols Strategy 3: MoA in conjunction with stakeholders will promote investment in appropriate & cost- effective irrigation technologies by 40 % in Nyimba district within five years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 121 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Establish Land under smallholder low cost irrigation community increased 800,000 880,000 968,000 1,064,800 1,171,280 irrigation facilities – 3,204,080 Mulira and Nsaika Village Schemes 2 Training Knowledge on smallholder farmers irrigation and staff in management 25,000 27,500 30,250 33275 36602.5 152,628 irrigation increased management system. Development Objective 2: To improve food and nutrition status of about 50% people in the district by 2030 Strategy 1: MoA in collaboration with stakeholders will increase to 50 % the diversification of agricultural production & utilization of four crops other than maize in the district within 5years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Conduct training in Farmer's agro food processing and processing nutrition. capacity 24,000 26400 29040 31944 35138.4 146,522 strengthened Conduct food fare to Farmer's expose the knowledge on community to dietery diversity 15,000 16,500 18,150 19,965 21,961.5 91,577 various menus increased Promote cultivation Knowledge on with stakeholders crop will increase to 50% diversification on farm agro- promoted 20,000 22000 24200 26620 29282 processing, value addition and reduce 122,102 post-harvest loss 24 camps with 5 years. Strategy 2: The MoA in collaboration with stakeholders will increase to 50 % on-farm agro processing, value addition and reduce post-harvest losses in 24 camps within 5 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Training farmers in Farmer's agro ago-processing, processing value addition and capacity 12,000 13,200 14,520 15,972 17,569.2 farm storage strengthened 73,261 122 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Distribute hermatic Postharvest losses bags and metal silos reduced 72,000 79200 87120 95832 105415.2 439,567 Development Objective 3: To increase the resilience of farmers to effects of Climate Change to 50% in the district by 2030 Strategy 1: MoA in collaboration with stakeholders will increase awareness on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation measures by 100 % in the district within 5 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Conduct awareness Utilization of campaigns on climate data and climate on climate information 24,000 26,400 29,040 31,944 35,138.4 change mitigation improved 146,522 and adaptation Train stakeholders Increased 68,902 in climate risk stakeholder 12,000 13200 13203 14523.3 15975.63 assessment engagement Strategy 2: MoA in collaboration with Zambia Meteorological Department will strengthen existing early warning systems to 100% by 2030 Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Training of agriculture officers in early warning Knowledge on system early warning 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 (Surveillance, data systems improved collation and reporting). Installation of early Coverage of early warning equipment- warning rain gauges and fall information 50,000 55000 60500 66550 73205 305,255 armyworm traps. increased Development Objective 4: To promote animal health and productive efficiency of livestock to 80 % in the district by 2030 Strategy 1: Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MFL) in conjunction with stakeholders will control livestock diseases and vectors to 100 % by 2030 Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 123 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Conduct Prevention of 300,000 320,000 340,000 360,000 380,000 1,700,000 vaccinations against possible East Coast fever, Livestock disease Trypanosomiasis outbreaks Lumpy skin, New castle disease, African Swine Fever disease Spraying/dipping to Livestock disease 12,000 15,000 18,000 21,000 24,000 90,000 control ticks vectors controlled Livestock training Livestock disease 60,000 63,000 66,000 69,000 72,000 330,000 on disease control awareness and management knowledge increased to livestock farmers Livestock disease Disease 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 150,000 surveillance to incidences determine the known and disease prevalence reduced Strategy 2: MFL in conjunction with stakeholders to enhance sustainable management of livestock by 60 % in Nyimba district by 2025 Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Restock 2,500 local Empowering 200,000 205,000 210,000 215,000 220,000 1,050,000 chickens and 2,000 vulnerable but local goats viable households Conduct livestock To equip livestock 60,000 65,000 70,000 75,000 80,000 360,000 production training farmers with basic to livestock farmers management of rearing livestock Establishment of To showcase best 20,000 23,000 26,000 29,000 32,000 130,000 livestock practices of demonstrations rearing livestock Conduct field days To show case 20,000 23,000 26,000 29,000 32,000 130,000 and market linkage improved technologies Cultivation of To preserve folder 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 200,000 improved pastures banks for livestock Source: Nyimba District Agriculture Coordination Office 124 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Development Goal 8: Regulated and Managed Mining Activities in the District for Economic Growth Development Objective 1: To legalize, regulate and promote the growth of all mining activities in the district by 2030 Strategy 1: LA to enhance the growth of the all the mining activities in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Mapping of all Mining activities 300,000 - - - 300,000 mining activities in mapped and map the district produced Conduct Increased 40,000 44,000 48,400 53,240 58,564 244,204 sensitization on the awareness and procedures knowledge on regarding producers on legalization of legalizing mining mining activities activities Develop a legal Legal framework 150,000 - - - - 150,000 framework for for mining establishment and activities development of developed mining activities in the district Conduction Ensure 50,000 55,000 60,500 66,550 73,205 305,255 monitoring and compliance with development the mining regulations Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department Development Goal 9: Enhanced Healthy Service Provision through Improved and Efficient Health Care System in the District Development Objective 1: To ensure that at least 80% of essential drugs and vaccines are available in all healthcare facilities by 2025 Strategy 1: Ministry of Health will increase the number of community health workers and health facilities reporting full availability of medicines to 100% within 3 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Provide reporting Consistent report 63,000 69,300 76,230 83,853 92,238 384,621 tools and by CHWs and equipment’s to CBVs CHWs and CRVs 125 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Conduct routine Improved 18,827 20,710 22,781 25,059 27,565 114,943 inspections on reporting system availability of from health care reporting tools and facilities equipment’s in health facilities Strategy 2: The District Health Office will promptly distribute drugs supplied by medical stores to at least 95% of health care facilities within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Supply drugs to all Increase drug 50,400 55,400 60,984 67,082 73,791 307,697 healthcare facilities availability in in the district health cares within the district Drug dispensing Improved drug 43,000 47,300 52,030 57,233 62,956 262,519 monitoring every week dispensing Routine inspection of Updated drug 15,400 16,940 18,634 20,497 22,547 94,019 medical stores and inventory health facilities on availability of essential drugs Strategy 3: DHO and Cooperating partners to ensure that there is a dedicated utility for distribution and monitoring of drugs and medicine to all health facilities within 10 years 2030 Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 MOH with cooperating Efficient 340000 374,000 411,400 452,540 497,794 2,075,734 partners to ensure distribution of procurement of 5 drugs and utility vehicles medicines to health facilities Development Objective 2: To ensure that all healthcare facilities in the district have the required number of qualified healthcare providers within ten (10) years Strategy 1: The Ministry of Health with stakeholders will increase the knowledge base of Community Health workers and community Based volunteers on health-related illnesses to 95% by aligning health educational programs within 3 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 DHO to conduct Increased 59,700 65,670 72,237 79,460.70 874,068 3,644,745 training of CHWs knowledge base and CBVs on among CHWs different and CBVs on communicable and communicable non-communicable and non- 126 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n diseases at least communicable twice a year diseases Provide IEC Informed CHWs 68,760 75,636 83,200 91,520 100,672 419,787 materials and and CBVs refresher training to CHWs and CBVs Strategy 2: The Ministry Of health will increase staffing levels to 80% in health facilities in line with Health Legacy Goal Number 3 within five years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Recruitment of more Increase staffing healthcare personnel’s levels within the health facilities Sponsor unskilled for Increased skilled 200,000 220,000 242,000 266,200 292,820 1,211,020 professional training staff in health facilities Strategy 3: The Ministry of Health to introduce additional incentives to attract and retain health workers in remote rural facilities within 5 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Increase Retain health rural/remote care providers in hardship allowance rural facilities Provide standard Attract 750,000 825,000 907,500 998,250 1,0978,075 4,578,825 housing facilities healthcare providers in rural health facilities Provide dedicated Increased vehicles to remote accessibility to facilities the remote health care facilities Development Objective 3: To build healthcare infrastructure to cover at least 80% of the district population by 2030 Strategy 1: Ministry of Health and Cooperating partners will upgrade 80% primary Healthcare units into Health Posts and Clinics within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Construct modern Reduced 450,000 495,000 544,500 598,950 658,845 2,747,295 primary healthcare catchment radius posts to replace for existing facilities PHCU 127 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Assign qualified Staffs deployed 15,000 16,500 18,150 19,962 21,962 91,577 staffs to the ungraded PHCP Strategy 2: The Ministry of Health and Cooperating Partners will ensure construction of healthcare facilities to raise the coverage to 90% within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Construction of new Increased 900,000 990,000 1,089,000 1,197,900 1,317,690 5,494,590 healthcare facilities coverage of health care services Equip new healthcare Provide effective 100,000 110,000 121,000 133,100 146,410 610,510 facilities with essential health care medicines, drugs and services equipment’s Deploy healthcare Adequate health 15,000 16,500 18,150 19,965 21,962 91,577 providers to the newly care services construct healthcare facilities Source: Nyimba District Health Department Development Goal 10: Enhanced Education Services with a Reduced Illiteracy Level Objective 1: To ensure that all the communities in the district have access to quality education services by 2030 Strategy 1: The MoGE and stakeholders to construct minimum of two secondary and eight primary schools in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Community Community - 40,000 - - - 40,000 Sensitization Sensitized Mobilization of 25% Upfront Materials - 1,500 - - - 1,500 upfront materials Contributed Construction of the Number of - - - - 4,000,000 4,000,000 proposed two Secondary secondary schools Schools Increased Strategy 2: The MoGE and stakeholders to upgrade 12 community schools to primary schools in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Submission of the Community 45,000 49,500 54,450 59,895 65,885 274,730 12 schools to schools upgraded 128 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Ministry of General to primary Education for schools upgrading Community Community 40,000 44,000 48,400 53,240 58,564 244,204 Sensitization Awareness Increased Strategy 3: The MoGE and stakeholders to ensure that all primary schools have early childhood education centres within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Community Community 300,000 330,000 363,000 399,300 439,230 1,831,530 Sensitization Awareness Increased Facilitate the Early Childhood 1,500,00 1,650,00 1,815,000 1,996,500 2,196,150 9,157,650 establishment of Education centres 0 0 annexed stand-alone established and low-cost community modes of early childhood education centres Objective 2: To improve school infrastructures and facilities in the district to 80% within 10 years Strategy 1: The MoGE and stakeholders to ensure that all schools in the district have WASH facilities within 5 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Conduct orientation SHN 150,000 165,00 181,500 199,650 219,615 915,765 trainings for SHN Coordinators Coordinators in all Orientated schools across the district Revamp School WASH Club 100,000 110,000 121,000 133,100 146,410 610,510 WASH club in all Revamped school across the district Strategy 2: The MoGE and stakeholders to increase the number of classroom blocks and staff accommodation in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Sensitization Awareness 1,500 1,650 1,815 1,997 2,196 9,158 Meetings Increased 129 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Expansion of Classrooms and 800,000 880,000 968,000 1,064,800 1,171,280 4,884,080 classrooms and staff staff accommodation accommodation increased Mobilization of Increased 1,500 1,650 1,815 1,997 2,196 9,158 upfront materials community ownership Strategy 3: The MoGE and stakeholders to ensure that all schools have recreational facilities in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Conduct Increased 35,000 38,500 42,350 46,585 51,244 213,679 Stakeholder stakeholder Meetings participation Construction Increase 21,000 23,100 25,410 27,951 30,764 128,207 recreational curriculum facilities activities Mobilization of Increased 10,500 11,500 12,705 13,976 15,373 64,104 upfront materials community ownership Strategy 4: The MoGE and stakeholders to ensure that all school have adequate teaching and learning materials in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Identification of Materials needed 1,500 1,650 1,815 1,997 2,196 9,158 needed materials identified Sensitize all Increased quality 19,500 21,450 23,955 25,955 28,550 119.049 secondary schools of education on the acquisition of teaching and learning materials Source: Nyimba District Education Board Development Goal 11: Enhanced Social Protection for Social Inclusion Development Objective 1: To reduce extreme poverty and destitution among vulnerable and poor households to 30% in Nyimba district within 10 years Strategy 1: The MCDSS to engage collaborating partners in order to increase funding for all social protection programmes within 5 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 130 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Community Enhance 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 sensitization understanding of social protection Scale up social cash Increased access 60,000 66,000 72,000 79,860 87,846 366,306 transfer program in to social the district from protection 6466 beneficiaries to 8000 beneficiaries. Scale up Support Increased access 60,000 66,000 72,000 79,860 87,846 366,306 Women Livelihood to social from 1630 protection beneficiaries to 4500 beneficiaries Retargeting 780 Increased access 60,000 66,000 72,000 79,860 87,846 366,306 potential to education beneficiaries for Keeping Girls in School Strategy 2: The MCDSS and stakeholders to strengthen coordination of social protection systems to 100% in the district within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Develop District Formalized 5000 5500 - 73,205 105,000 Social Protection social protection committee. structure Conduct stakeholder Bridge 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 meeting. knowledge gap among stakeholders on social protection issues Hold quarterly Review all 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 review meeting for district social the committee. protection issues and activities. Strategy 3: The MCDSS and stakeholder to train 30,000 vulnerable but viable persons in the district in entrepreneurship skills within 10 years Activity Activity Output Cost Per Year (ZMW) Total (ZMW) 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Community Create awareness 20,000 22,000 24,200 26,620 29,282 122,102 sensitization on various entrepreneurship issues. 131 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Train at least 250 A resilient the 60,000 66,000 72,000 79,860 87,846 366,306 vulnerable persons in vulnerable persons. entrepreneurship skills every monthly across the district. Form and Train 1,500 Increased financial 60,000 66,000 72,000 79,860 87,846 366,306 saving groups across inclusion of the the district. most vulnerable Source: District Social Welfare Office Development Goal 12: Good Communication Infrastructure for Efficient Service Delivery Development Objective 1: To develop an integrated transport system that supports socio-economic development and road safety in the district by 2030 Strategy 1: The LA in collaboration with RDA will develop a modern road network and storm water drainage system by upgrading 50% of township roads to bituminous standard and 80% of the feeder roads by 2030. Construction of a To upgrade 27,000, 30,000,0 39,025,0 43,512,8 48,516,8 188,054,730 modern road township 000 00 00 75 56 network and storm roads to water drainage bituminous system. standard and provide adequate storm water drainage system Gravelling of feeder To enhance 80,000, 89,200,0 99,458,0 110,895, 123,648, 503,202,342 roads. road 000 00 00 670 672 transport connectivity of far flung areas to the CBD Routine To ensure 5,000,00 5,575,00 10,575,000 maintenance of that the 0 0 Township Roads bituminous roads are maintened Strategy 2: The LA together with stakeholders will work toward the establishment of the intra-bus routes in the township and to all the four (4) chiefdoms within the district to 100% by 2030. Establishment of Establishme 1,000,00 1,500,00 2,000,00 4,500,000 intra bus routes nt of 0 0 0 within the township designated and the four bus station chiefdoms and bus bays within the township Rehabilitatio 100,00 200,000, 300,000, 400,000, 500,000, 1,500,000 n of existing 0,000 000 000 000 000 main bus station Stakeholder Bridge 30,000 33,450 37,297 100,747 engagements on the knowledge 132 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n establishment of gap among intra bus routes stakeholders on importance of intra bus routes Strategy 3: The LA together with RDA will provide for cycle tracks and pedestrian walkways to incorporate on at least 80% of urban roads within the district by 2030. Design cycle tracks Ensure that 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 2,600,000 and pedestrian all cyclist walkways. and pedestrians have their own path way to avoid accidents Sensitization on Bridge 50,000 56,000 62,000 69,860 77,846 315,706 intermediate means of knowledge transport gap among stakeholders on importance of intermediate means of transport and road safety Strategy 4: LA in collaboration with stakeholders to strengthen the capacity of district in the road sector by providing a complete set of road maintenance plant and equipment by 2030. Procure road To ensure that 1,500,00 2,000,00 3,000,00 6,500,000 maintenance the LA is fully 0 0 0 equipment. equipped to carry out Road maintenance works Staff development for To ensure that 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 110,000 institutions in the road staff undergo sector training in road maintenance Strategy 5: The LA will promote Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and direct investment in road construction and maintenance by 2030. Engagement meetings To ensure that 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 150,000 with investors on the stakeholders need contribute to who are road construction operating Safari lodges and Mines partner with the LA to construct and maintain roads Development Objective 2: To improve radio and communication services in the district to 100% by 2030 Strategy 1: LA with ZICTA will provide an enabling environment for service providers to invest in Information and Technology Infrastructure to 100% by 2030. 133 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Construct modern To ensure that 1,000,0 3,000,00 3,000,00 5,000,00 100,000, 112,000,000 towers and upgrade all areas 00 0 0 0 000 existing ICT within the infrastructure district have a good mobile, radio and TV network coverage Advertise the district To ensure that 10,000 100,000 100,000 210,000 potential investment investors are in the communication. aware of the potential of ICT investment in the district Strategy 2: The LA will ensure that all new residential and business areas planned in aiding the establishment of a modern address system to 100% by 2030. Number all houses To ensure that 100,000 150,000 150,000 400,000 and provide road all areas in the name tags in the district are district. easily located Source: Nyimba Town Council, Works Department

4.2. Local Authority’s Financial Plan Preparation of a Financial Plan ensures that recurrent expenses for the implementation of the IDP are budgeted for. It reflects standard operational budgets which local authority will incur and relates to Nyimba Town Council functions of service provisions to the district.

4.2.1. Revenue Collection Efficiency of the Nyimba Town Council The section below provides details of Nyimba Town Council revenue collection efficiency.

4.2.1.1. Assessment of Current and Potential Revenue Streams Nyimba Town Council revenue is low due to low levels of compliancy when it comes to payments of rates and levies by business owners in the district. The council has revenue collection methods indicates that there are ten (10) Revenue Collectors are on permanent establishment and two (2) revenue agents that have been contracted. Sources of revenue includes Property Rates, Business Levy, and Grain Levy among many others.

4.2.1.2. Own Sources of Revenue (OSR) A major component of the Nyimba Town Council’s revenue streams includes: 1. Lease and sale of Council land; 2. Property rates and taxes; 3. Business and Personal Levies; 134 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 4. Local Government Equalization Fund (LGEF) and Constituency Development Fund (CDF);

4.2.2. External Sources of Revenues for Implementation The implementation of Nyimba IDP will mainly depend on funding from the Government, Donor Agencies, and Private Investors. The council receives Constituency Development Funds (CDF) for community driven projects, the Local Government Equalization Fund (LGEF), Grants-in-lieu of rates for implementation of Capital Projects and Developmental Programmes.

4.2.3. Assessment of the Revenue Base 2021 - 2025 Assessment of the Local Authority revenue base for the period between 2021 – 2025 to aid in the implementation of IDP Priorities, Strategies and Programmes entails that, the Income generated from local revenues base is not adequate to facilitate the IDP implementation programme.

4.2.4. Main Factors affecting Revenue Collection and Management Main factors affecting revenue collection in the district is lack of transport, inadequate staff and lack of awareness on the importance of residents and business owners to pay rates and taxes. Furthermore, the council does not have proper mechanisms to know if all revenue has been collected and if all revenue has been accounted for.

4.2.5. Programmes for the Preparation of Local Area Plans Nyimba Town Council shall develop Local Area Plans for the IDP from 2021 onward as outlined below: Phase 1: Urban Renewal (2021 – 2022) Phase 2: New Development (2021 – 2023) Phase 3: Linking the Wards (2022 – 2025) 135 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n

4.3. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, Including Key Performance Indicators Effective programme implementation demand for a sound monitoring and evaluation plan. This is essential as it guide the direction of programmes and project and help to assess its viability in relation to the changing environment within which the programme is been implemented. Given the relevance of the monitoring and evaluation plan, Table 25 provide the outline of what will guide the assessment of programmes to be implemented. Table 25: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Development Goal 1: Managed and Protected Environment and Natural Resources for a Friendly Ecosystem Indicator Source of Frequency Informatio n Development To regulate and monitor all the exploitation of natural resources and industrial activities in the Objective 1 district by 2030. Strategies Programme Target Year 1 Target Year 2 Target Year 3 Target Year 4 Target Year 5 Output The LA will Routine 40 inspections 40 inspections 40 inspections 40 inspections 40 inspections No. of LA Quarterly monitor and monitoring and inspections regulate the inspections. conducted exploitation of all the industrial Prosecution of 8 illegal 8 illegal 8 illegal 8 illegal 8 illegal No. of illegal LA or Annual activities in the illegal developers developers developers developers developers developers Local Court district within 10 developers. prosecuted years. Forest Routine 32 Inspections 32 Inspections 32 Inspections 32 Inspections 32 Inspections No. of LA or Quarterly Department will monitoring and inspections Forest monitor and inspections conducted Department control all exploitation of all Confiscation of 16 Confiscation 16 16 Confiscation 16 Confiscation 16 Confiscation No of LA or Quarterly the tree species in unpermitted Patrols Confiscation Patrols Patrols Patrols Confiscation Forest the district within exploited Patrols Patrols Department 10 years. natural tree Conducted species Prosecution of 8 illegal 8 illegal 8 illegal 8 illegal 8 illegal No. of illegal LA or Annual illegal developers developers developers developers developers developers Local Court developers prosecuted The LA will Community 100 community 100 community No. of LA Quarterly ensure that all Sensitizations Sanitization Sanitization sanitization industrial meetings meetings meetings activities within conducted the district adhere to Routine 32 Inspections 32 Inspections 32 Inspections 32 Inspections 32 Inspections No. of LA Quarterly environmental monitoring and inspections regulations inspections conducted within 2 years. Legal 40 enforcements. No. of LA or Annual enforcement of enforcement ZEMA industries conducted. violating environmental regulations The LA will Community 24 sanitization 24 sanitization 24 sanitization 24 sanitization 24 sanitization No. of LA Quarterly ensure that sensitizations meetings meetings meetings meetings meetings sanitization effluents and meeting obnoxious conducted. substance from both domestic, Monitoring the 16 inspections 16 inspections 16 inspections 16 inspections 16 inspections No. of LA Quarterly commercial, and disposal of inspections Industrial industrial, conducted. activities are commercial disposed in a and domestic legally effluents designated Prosecution of 16 prosecutions 16 prosecutions 16 prosecutions 16 prosecutions 16 prosecutions No. of waste LA or Quarterly places and institutions management Local Court manner within violating waste policy violated. 10 years. management policy 137 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Development Goal: Managed and Regulated Forest Resources Exploitations in the District Development Objective 1: To increase forest hectarage under community management to 50, 000 Ha in Nyimba by 2030 Forest Conduct 100 meetings 100 meetings 100 meetings 100 meetings 100 meetings No. of meetings Forest Quarterly Department in sensitization conducted Department collaboration meetings with or LA with traditional traditional leaders and the leaders and community will community on place 50,000 Ha natural under resources community management forest management Zoning of 2 forest zoned 2 forest zoned 2 forest zoned 2 forest zoned 2 forest zoned No. of forest Forest Annual within 5 years. forests areas areas zoned Department Mapping and 1 forest mapped 1 forest 1 forest mapped 1 forest mapped 1 forest mapped No. of forest Forest Annual beacon and beaconed mapped and and beaconed and beaconed and beaconed mapped and Department placement beaconed beaconed around identified forests Formulate 2 community 2 community 2 community 2 community 2 community No. of Forest Annual Community forest executive forest forest executive forest executive forest executive community Department Forest committee executive committee committee committee forest executive Executive formulated committee formulated formulated formulated formulated Committee formulated Development Objective 2: To reduce harvesting of wood and the production of charcoal by 30% in the district by 2030. Forest The Public 16 awareness 16 awareness 16 awareness 16 awareness 16 awareness No. of Forest Quarterly Department will should be campaign campaign campaign campaign campaign awareness Department regulate and set aware of the meetings meetings meetings meetings meetings meeting aside two impacts of conducted 138 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n charcoal unsustainable production areas charcoal in the district production within 10 years. Two charcoal 2 Charcoal No. of charcoal Forest Annual production Production areas production area Department areas identified identified identified. Charcoal 1 guideline No. of Manuel Forest Once production Manuel produced guideline Department guidelines developed Development Goal: Explored, Protected, and Managed Protected Areas in the District Development Objective 1: To reduce and mitigate the increase of Human encroachment into protected areas to 50% by 2030 The DNPW will To develop 1 Plan No. of Plans DNPW Once every % reduce the size Game developed years of encroached Management GMA and Open Plan for GMA Areas to 25% within 10 years. To Develop 1 Plan No. of Plans DNPW Once every year Land Use Plans developed in GMA and Open Area To relocate 2 Relocation 2 Relocation 2 Relocation 2 Relocation 2 Relocation No. of DNPW Bi-Annuall illegal settler activities activities activities activities activities relocation from primary activities hunting blocks conducted Development Goal 3: Improved Power Distribution in Urban and Rural Part of the District for Sustainable Economic Development Development Objective 1: To increase access to power connection to 98% both in rural and urban parts of the district to the national grid by 2030. 139 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n ZESCO will Carry out 12 meetings 12 meetings 12 meetings 12 meetings 12 meetings No. of ZESCO Biannual increase the community sensitization number of sensitization meetings domestic and conducted commercial infrastructures Promoting 200 Applicants 200 Applicants 200 Applicants 200 Applicants 200 Applicants No. of applicants ZESCO Annual connected to the Connection accessing national grid to Subsides connection 98% in urban subsides areas within 10 System 3 Reinforcements 3 3 3 3 No. of System ZESCO Annual years. Reinforcement Reinforcements Reinforcements Reinforcements Reinforcement Reinforcements and REA s Installed ZESCO and ZESCO and 1 Project 1 Project 1 Project 1 Project 1 Project No. of Project ZESCO Annual REA to connect REA to Conducted and REA 80% of peri- continue urban and rural planning and areas to the promoting national grid projects within ten (10) years. Promote the 100 ready boards 100 ready 100 ready boards 100 ready boards 100 ready No. of ready ZESCO Annual use of ready boards boards boards used and REA boards Promote 200 applicants 200 applicants 200 applicants 200 applicants 200 applicants No. of ZESCO Annual connection connection and REA subsides subsides Development Objective 2: To promote the use of alternative energy sources and technologies to 70 % in the district by 2030 The Ministry of Community 2 meetings 2 meetings 2 meetings 2 meetings 2 meetings No. of Energy will Sensitization increase sensitization on Providing 30 the use of flexible alternative measures when energy sources offsetting operating 140 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n to 100% in the licenses in district within 5 alternative years. renewable energy. Development Goal 1: Sustainable Housing Unit Supply in the District for Environmental, Social and Economic Benefits Development Objective 1: To provide a sustainable housing unit to meet the projected housing deficit of 14,617 in the district by the year 2030 Strategy 1: The Community 20 Community 20 20 community 20 community 20 community No. of LA Quarterly LA will upgrade Sensitization sensitization sensitization sensitization sensitization sanitization five (5) informal meetings Community meetings meetings meetings meetings settlements sensitization conducted namely meetings Mtendere, Nyausali, Kapusa, Surveying of 10 Reconnaise 10 Reconnaise 10 Reconnaise 10 Reconnaise 10 Reconnaise No. planning LA Quarterly Katenthe, and Plots Parcels surveying works Ben compound within five (5) Layout Plan 150 150 Households 150 Households 150 Households 150 No. of LA/Ministr Annual years. generation Households Households Households y of Lands picked Grading of 10 Km road 10 Km road 10 Km road 10 Km road 10 Km road No. of Km road LA Annual access roads graded graded graded graded graded graded The LA will Routine 2 2 2 2 2 No. of LA or Quarterly work with monitoring and inspections Ministry of Ministry of lands inspections Land Audit Land Audit Land Audit Land Audit Land Audit conducted Lands will carry out a Inspections Inspections Inspections Inspection Inspection re-entry exercise for all undeveloped plot parcels in the district 18 months after 141 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n offer within 5 years Report for re 1 1 1 1 1 No. of Parcels of LA or Quarterly entry Land Ministry of Inspection Inspection Inspection Inspection Inspection Repossessed Lands The LA to Community 100 100 community No. of LA Quarterly implement 30% Sensitizations community Sanitization sanitization women land Sanitization meetings meetings allocation policy meetings conducted for housing development in the district within 10 years Routine 10 10 10 10 10 No. of LA Quarterly monitoring and inspections inspections Inspections Inspections Inspections Inspections Inspections conducted Development Goal 2: Improved Water Supply and Sanitation Levels for Sustainable Development Development Objective 1: To develop and manage water resources in the district to 70% by 2030. The Department Sensitization 4 Sensitization DWRD Annual of Water Meetings Resource Development Formulate dam 4 Meetings DWRD Annual (DWRD) will committee construct one (1) Construct Dams 1 dam and 2 1 dam and 2 1 dam and 2 1 dam and 2 1 dam and 2 No. of dams and DWRD Annual major Dam and and weirs wires wires wires wires wires constructed two (2) weirs in each chiefdom within ten (10) years. 142 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The DWRD will Research and 1 Research 1 Research No. of research DWRD Annual promote development conducted Research and promotions Development in water resources and management by 100% within ten years The DWRD will Aquifer 3 Exploratory 3 Exploratory No. of DWRD Annual map aquifers to explorations and Drilling Drilling exploratory enhance ground development. drillings water conducted management in the district by 100% within 5 years Aquifer 4 Aquifer 4 Aquifer No. of Aquifer DWRD Annual identification and Maps Maps Maps Generated mapping. The DWRD will Promotion of 1 Public 1 Public Private 1 Public Private 1 Public Private 1 Public No. of Public DWRD Annual promote water resources Private Partnership Partnership Partnership Private Private Public alternative financing from Partnership (PPP) (PPP) (PPP) Partnership Partnership financing for donors, NGOs (PPP) (PPP) water resources and Investors development and through Public management in Private the district by Partnership 100% within 10 (PPP) years. Development Objective 2: To improve water reticulation system and sanitation in the urban part of the district to 95% by 2030. 143 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n EWSCO will Connect all 300 Household 300 Household 300 Household 300 Household 300 No. Household EWSCO Monthly connect 100% households to connecting’s connecting’s connecting’s connecting’s Household connected households in water supply in connecting’s the urban parts the urban/peri- of the district urban setup safe and clean water supply within 5 years. EWSCO will Formulate 5 Sanitization 5 Sanitization 5 Sanitization 5 Sanitization 5 Sanitization No. of EWSCO Annual construct and Sensitization Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees Sanitization connect a sewer Committee committees network system formulated in the urban part of the district by Connect all 50 Households 50 Households 50 Households 50 Households 50 No. of EWSCO Annual 60% within 10 households to the Households Households years. sewer system Development Objective 3: To increase the number of rural households accessing clean and safe water supply to 90% by 2030. The RWSP will Drill 30 6 Boreholes 6 Boreholes 6 Boreholes 6 Boreholes 6 Boreholes No. of Boreholes LA Annual provide 90% boreholes and drilled and rural upgrade to mechanized householder mechanized access to clean systems that will and safe water cover a larger within five years. population. Sensitize 6 Meetings 6 Meetings 6 Meetings 6 Meetings 6 Meetings No. of meetings LA Annual beneficiaries on Conducted Operations and Maintenance for sustainability of water facility established. 144 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Distribution of 100 100 Households 100 Households 100 Households 100 No. of LA Annual chlorine to Households Households Households Development Objective 4: To attain 100% sanitation and hygiene levels in the district by 2030. The DWASHE Orientation of 4 Meetings 4 Meetings 4 Meetings 4 Meetings 4 Meetings No. of meetings LA Annual committee will DWASH conducted provide all the committee households in the district with Training of 1 Training No. of Training LA Once information traditional conducted about the link leaders between health Training of 1 Training No. of Training LA Once and sanitation Community conducted within three (3) Champions/Area years. Pump Minder Training V- 1 Training No. of Training LA Once WASHE conducted committees Development Goal: Increased Crop Yield and Healthy livestock in the District for Poverty Reduction Development Objective 1: To increase agricultural production and productivity of five major crops by 100 % in Nyimba district by 2030. The Ministry of Community Agriculture sensitization on 2,400 2,400 No. of brochures (MoA) in improved seed brochures 2,400 brochures 2,400 brochures 2,400 brochures MoA Quarterly brochures produced conjunction with stakeholders will increase the Set up field days No. of field promotion in the to show case the 24 demos 24 demos 24 demos 24 demos 24 demos demonstrations MoA Annually use of improved trials established and certified seed to 100% for Conduct field No. of field days 24 field days 24 field days 24 field days 24 field days 24 field days MoA Annually crop production days to show conducted 145 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n in the district case the within five (5) technologies years. Conduct mini trainings No. of mini planting, 48 trainings 48 trainings 48 trainings 48 trainings 48 trainings trainings MoA Quarterly fertilizer conducted application and weeding stages MoA in Establish conjunction with smallholder low stakeholders will cost community No. of trainings promote irrigation 2 trainings 2 trainings 2 trainings 2 trainings 2 trainings MoA conducted investment in facilities-Mulira appropriate and and Village Bi-Annual cost-effective Schemes irrigation technologies by Training 40 % in Nyimba smallholder district within farmer and staff No. of FFS 24 FFS 24 FFS 24 FFS 24 FFS 24 FFS MoA Annually five years. in irrigation established management system Development Objective 2: To improve food and nutrition status of about 50% people in the district by 2030 MoA in Conduct Training No. of Irrigation collaboration in food 1 Irrigation 1 Irrigation 1 Irrigation 1 Irrigation 1 Irrigation Scheme MoA Annually with processing and facility facility facility facility facility established stakeholders will nutrition. increase to 50 % the Conduct food diversification of fares to expose 2 trainings 2 trainings 2 trainings 2 trainings 2 trainings No. of trainings MoA Bi-annual agricultural the community to conducted production and various menus 146 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n utilization of Promote four crops other cultivation of than maize in the other crops such district within rice, soya beans 5years. and ground nuts MoA in Training of Training of the collaboration agriculture district level with Zambia officers in early and extension Meteorological warning systems staff in early No. of Department will (surveillance, warning 1 training 1 training 1 training 1 training 1 training trainings MoA/Met Dept strengthen data collection systems conducted existing early and reporting). (surveillance, warning systems data collection to 100 % by & reporting) 2030. Installation of Installation of early warning early warning 24 rain 24 rain 24 rain 24 rain 24 rain No. of equipment-rain equipment-rain gauges/FAW gauges/FAW gauges/FAW gauges/FAW gauges/FAW equipment MoA/Met Dept gauges and fall gauges & traps traps traps traps traps installed armyworm traps. FAW traps Development Goal: Regulated and Managed Mining Activities in the District for Economic Growth Development Objective 1: To legalize, regulate and promote the growth of all mining activities in the district by 2030 LA to enhance Mapping of all 2 Detail Picking No. of detail LA Annual the growth of the mining activities picking activities all the mining in the district conducted activities in the district within 10 Conduct 10 Meetings 10 Meetings 10 Meetings 10 Meetings 10 Meetings No. of LA Quarterly years sensitization on sensitization the procedures meetings regarding conducted legalization of mining activities 147 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Develop a legal 1 legal No. of legal LA Once framework for framework framework establishment established and development of mining activities in the district Conduction 20 Inspections 20 Inspections 20 Inspections 20 Inspections 20 Inspections No. of LA Quarterly monitoring and inspections development conducted Development Goal: Enhanced Healthy Service Provision through Improved and Efficient Health Care System in the District Development Objective 1: To ensure that at least 80% of essential drugs and vaccines are available in all healthcare facilities by 2025 Provide reporting 2 sets 2 sets 2 sets 2 sets 2 sets No. of sets of MoH Biannual tools and tools and Ministry Of equipment’s to equipment Health will CHWs and CBVs provided increase the number of community health workers Conduct routine 12 routine 12 routine 12 routine 12 routine 12 routine No. of MoH Monthly and health inspections on inspections inspections inspections inspections inspections inspections facilities availability of conducted reporting full reporting tools availability of and equipment’s medicines to in health 100% within 3 facilities years The District Supply drugs to 4 times 4 times 4 times 4 times 4 times No. of supplies MoH Quarterly Health Office all healthcare will promptly facilities in the distribute drugs district 148 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n supplied by Drug dispensing 53 monitoring 53 monitoring 53 monitoring 53 monitoring 53 monitoring No. of MoH Weekly medical stores to monitoring every sessions sessions sessions sessions sessions monitoring at least 95% of week sessions health care facilities within Routine 6 routine 6 routine 6 routine 6 routine 6 routine No. of MoH Once per two 10 years inspections of inspections inspections inspections inspections inspections inspections months medical stores conducted and health facilities on availability of essential drugs DHO and MOH with Procure 2 Procure 2 utility Procure 1 No. of utility MoH Annual Cooperating cooperating utility vehicles vehicles utility vehicle biannual partners to partners to vehicles ensure that there ensure is a dedicated procurement of 5 utility for utility vehicles distribution and monitoring of drugs and medicine to all health facilities within 10 years 2030 Development Objective 2: To ensure that all healthcare facilities in the district have the required number of qualified healthcare providers within ten (10) years. The Ministry Of DHO to conduct 2 training 2 training 2 training 2 training 2 training No. of training MoH Biannual Health with trainings of exercises exercises exercises exercises exercises activities per stakeholders will CHWs and year increase the CBVs on knowledge base different of Community communicable Health workers and non- and community communicable 149 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n Based volunteers diseases at least on health related twice a year illnesses to 95% by aligning Provide IEC Twice Twice Twice Twice Twice Levels of MoH Biannual health materials and knowledge and educational refresher understanding programs within trainings to 3 years. CHWs and CBVs The Ministry Of Recruitment of health will more healthcare increase staffing personnel’s levels to 80% in health facilities Sponsor 20 unskilled 20 unskilled 20 unskilled No. of unskilled MoH Annual in line with unskilled staff recommended recommended recommended staff trained Health Legacy for professional for training for training for training Goal Number 3 training within five years The Ministry Of Recruitment of health will more healthcare increase staffing personnel’s levels to 80% in health facilities Sponsor 20 unskilled 20 unskilled 20 unskilled No. of unskilled MoH Annual in line with unskilled staff recommended recommended recommended staff trained Health Legacy for professional for training for training for training Goal Number 3 training within five years The Ministry Of Increase Health to rural/remot introduce e hardship additional allowance incentives to attract and retain 150 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n health workers in Provide 10 housing 10 housing units 10 housing units 10 housing units 10 housing No. of housing MoH and Annual remote rural standard units units units constructed Local facilities within housing Authority 5 years facilities Provide dedicated vehicles to remote facilities Ministry of Construct 5 up grades 5 up grades 5 up grades 5 up grades 5 up grades No. of PHCUs MoH and Annual Health and modern primary upgraded into Local Cooperating healthcare posts health care post Authority partners will to replace PHCU upgrade 80% primary Assign qualified Healthcare units staff to the into Health Posts upgraded PHCP and Clinics within 10 years The Ministry Of Construction of Health and new healthcare Cooperating facilities Partners will ensure Equip new Restock twice Restock twice Restock twice Restock twice Restock twice Availability of MoH Annual construction of healthcare essential healthcare facilities with medicines, drugs facilities to raise essential and equipment the coverage to medicines, drugs 90% within 10 and equipment’s years. Deploy Annual healthcare providers to the newly 151 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n constructed healthcare facilities Development Goal: Enhanced Education Services with a Reduced Illiteracy Level Objective 1: To ensure that all the communities in the district have access to quality education services by 2030 The MoGE and Community 10 Meetings 10 Meetings No. of meetings MoGE Annual stakeholders to Sensitization conducted construct minimum of two Mobilization of 1 Inspection 1 Inspection No. of MoGE Annual secondary and 25% upfront inspections eight primary materials conducted schools in the Construction of 1 School 1 School No. of schools of MoGE Annual district within 10 the proposed two constructed constructed constructed years. secondary schools The MoGE and Submission of 9 Schools 9 Schools 9 Schools 9 Schools 9 Schools No. of schools MoGE Annual stakeholders to the 12 schools to upgraded upgrade 12 Ministry of community General schools to Education for primary schools upgrading in the district within 10 years. Community 12 meetings 12 meetings 12 meetings 12 meetings 12 meetings No. of meetings MoGE Quarterly Sensitization conducted The MoGE and Community 42 meetings 42 meetings 42 meetings 42 meetings 42 meetings No. of meetings MoGE Bi-Annual stakeholders to Sensitization conducted ensure that all primary schools Facilitate the 5 Centres 5 Centres 5 Centres 5 Centres 5 Centres No. of early MoGE Annual have early establishment of childhood centres childhood annexed stand- established education centres alone and low- within 10 years. cost community modes of early 152 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n childhood education centres Objective 2: To improve school infrastructures and facilities in the district to 80% within 10 years. The MoGE and Conduct 1 Training 1 Training 1 Training 1 Training 1 Training No. of training MoGE Annual stakeholders to orientation conducted ensure that all trainings for schools in the SHN district have Coordinators in WASH facilities all schools across within 5 years. the district Revamp School 65 Clubs 65 Clubs 65 Clubs 65 Clubs 65 Clubs No. of School MoGE Annual WASH club in WASH club all school across revamped the district The MoGE and Sensitization 3 Meetings 3 Meetings 3 Meetings 3 Meetings 3 Meetings No. of meetings MoGE Annual stakeholders to Meetings conducted increase the number of Expansion of 2 Staff houses 2 Staff houses 2 Staff houses 2 Staff houses 2 Staff houses No. of staff MoGE Annual classroom blocks classrooms and and 1 and 1 Classroom and 1 Classroom and 1 Classroom and 1 houses and and staff staff Classroom Block Block Block Classroom classroom block accommodation accommodation Block Block conducted in the district Mobilization of 3 Inspections 3 Inspections 3 Inspections 3 Inspections 3 Inspections No. of MoGE Annual within 10 years upfront materials Inspections Conducted The MoGE and Conduct 7 Meetings 7 Meetings 7 Meetings 7 Meetings 7 Meetings No. of Meetings MoGE Annual stakeholders to Stakeholder Conducted ensure that all Meetings schools have recreational Construction 7 Facilities 7 Facilities 7 Facilities 7 Facilities 7 Facilities No. of MoGE Annual facilities in the recreational Recreational facilities Facilities Constructed 153 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n district within 10 Mobilization of 7 Inspections 7 Inspections 7 Inspections 7 Inspections 7 Inspections No. of Inspection MoGE Annual years. upfront materials Conducted The MoGE and Identification of 1 Monitoring 1 Monitoring 1 Monitoring 1 Monitoring 1 Monitoring No. of MoGE Annual stakeholders to needed materials monitoring visits ensure that all conducted school have adequate Sensitize all 1 Meeting 1 Meeting 1 Meeting 1 Meeting 1 Meeting No. of MoGE Annual teaching and secondary Sensitization learning schools on the Conducted materials in the acquisition of district within. teaching and learning materials Development Goal: Enhanced Social Protection for Social Inclusion Development Objective 1: To reduce extreme poverty and destitution among vulnerable and poor households to 30% in Nyimba district within 5 years. The MCDSS to Community 4 4 4 4 sensitizations 4 No. of MCDSS Quarterly engage sensitization sensitization collaborating sensitization sensitization sensitization sensitization meetings partners in order conducted to increase funding for all Scale up social 300 to be 300 to be 300 to be 300 to be 300 to be 300 to be DSW Annually social protection cash transfer included on included on SCT included on SCT included on SCT included on included on SCT programmes program in the SCT SCT within 5 years. district from 6466 beneficiaries to 8000 beneficiaries. Scale up Support 574 to be 574 to be 574 to be 574 to be 574 to be No. of COMDEV Annually Women included on included on the included on the included on the included on beneficiaries Livelihood from the programme programme programme programme the included per year 1630 programme beneficiaries to 154 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 4500 beneficiaries Retargeting 780 156 to be 156 to be include 156 to be include 156 to be include 156 to be No. of MOGE Annually potential include on on KGS on KGS on KGS include on beneficiaries beneficiaries for KGS KGS included per year Keeping Girls in School The MCDSS and Develop District 1 Stake holder 1 Stakeholder NIL NIL NIL No. meeting DSW Annually stakeholders to Social Protection mapping orientation conducted strengthen committee. meeting meeting coordination of social protection Conduct 4 stakeholder 4 stakeholder 4 stakeholder 4 stakeholder 4 stakeholder No. meeting DSW Quarterly systems to 100% stakeholder meetings meetings meetings meetings meetings conducted in the district meeting. within 10 years. Hold quarterly 4 stakeholder 4 stakeholder 4 stakeholder 4 stakeholder 4 stakeholder No. meeting DSW Quarterly review meeting meetings meetings meetings meetings meetings conducted for the committee. The MCDSS and Community 4 4 4 4 sensitizations 4 No. of MCDSS Quarterly stakeholder to sensitization sensitization train 30,000 sensitizations sensitizations sensitizations sensitization meetings vulnerable but conducted viable persons in the district in Train at least 250 3000 to be 3000 to be 3000 to be 3000 to be 3000 to be No. of trainings COMDEV Annually entrepreneurship vulnerable trained in trained in skills trained in skills trained in skills trained in conducted skills within 10 persons in skills skills years. entrepreneurship skills every monthly across the district. Form and Train 300 saving 300 saving 300 saving 300 saving 300 saving No. of groups COMDEV Annually 1,500 saving groups to be groups to be groups to be groups to be groups to be formed formed formed formed formed formed 155 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n groups across the district. Source: Nyimba Town Council Planning Department Development Goal 12: Good Communication Infrastructure for Efficient Service Delivery Indicator Source Frequency of Informa tion Development To develop an integrated transport system that supports socio-economic development and Objective 1 road safety in the district by 2030 Strategies Programme Target Target Year 2 Target Year 3 Target Year 4 Target Output Year 1 Year 5 The LA in To upgrade 7km 7.1km 7km 7km 7km No. of LA and Annual collaboration township kilometers up RDA with RDA will roads to graded to develop a bituminous Bituminous modern road standard and standard network and provide storm water adequate drainage storm water system by drainage upgrading 50% system of township To enhance 53km 100km 60km 45km 45km No. of LA and Annual roads to road transport kilometers RDA bituminous connectivity gravelled standard and of far flung 80% of the areas to the feeder roads by CBD 2030. To ensure 5km 5km No. of LA and Annual that the kilometers RDA bituminous maintained roads are maintened The LA Establishment 2 bus 2 bus 2 bus No. of bus LA, Annual together with of designated stations/Bays stations/bays stations/bays stations/bays RDA and stakeholders bus station constructed constructed constructed constructed RTSA will work and bus bays 156 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n toward the within the establishment township of the intra-bus Rehabilitation 2 Ablution Earth works on Construction Expansion of No of LA or Quarterly routes in the of existing blocks driveway new shelter bus station Confiscation Forest township and main bus upgraded Patrols Departm to all the four station Conducted ent (4) chiefdoms Bridge 20 stakeholder 20 stakeholder 20 No. of meeting LA Annual within the knowledge meetings meeting stakeholder with district to gap among meeting stakeholders 100% by 2030. stakeholders on importance of intra bus routes The LA Ensure that 10km 10km 10km 10km No. of LA and Annual together with all cyclist and kilometers of RDA RDA will pedestrians walkways and provide for have their cycle trucks cycle tracks own path way constructed and pedestrian to avoid walkways to accidents incorporate on Bridge 50 50 stakeholder 50 stakeholder 50 stakeholder 50 No. of meeting LA and Annual at least 80% of knowledge stakeholder meetings meetings meetings stakeholder with RDA urban roads gap among meetings meetings stakeholders within the stakeholders district by on 2030. importance of intermediate means of transport and road safety LA in To ensure 1 front end 1 Compactor 1 Excavator No. of LA and Annual collaboration that the LA is loader and 1 water and 1 Tipper equipment RDA with fully bowser truck stakeholders to equipped to strengthen the carry out capacity of Road district in the maintenance road sector by works 157 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n providing a To ensure 2 staffs 2 staffs 2 staffs 2 staffs No. of staff to LA and Annual complete set of that staff be trained RDA road undergo maintenance training in plant and road equipment by maintenance 2030. The LA will To ensure 8 meetings 8 meetings 8 meetings 8 meetings No. of LA Quarterly promote Public that meetings Private stakeholders conducted Partnerships who are (PPPs) and operating direct Safari lodges investment in and Mines road partner with construction the LA to and construct and maintenance maintain by 2030. roads Development To improve radio and communication services in the district to 100% by 2030 Objective 2 Strategies Programme Target Target Year 2 Target Year 3 Target Year 4 Target Output Year 1 Year 5 LA with To ensure 12 12 12 12 6 No. of LA Quarterly ZICTA will that all areas inspections provide an within the conducted enabling district have a environment good mobile, for service radio, and TV providers to network invest in coverage Information To ensure No. of illegal LA or Annual and that investors developers Local Technology are aware of prosecuted Court Infrastructure the potential to 100% by of ICT 2030. investment in the district 158 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n The LA will To ensure ensure that all that all areas new residential in the district and business are easily areas planned located in aiding the establishment of a modern address system to 100% by 2030. Source: Nyimba Town Council Works Department 159 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n PART FIVE: CONCLUSION The formulated Integrated Development Plan (IDP) will co-ordinate the works of Local Authority with Government Departments and other Development Partners in a coherent manner. This is of prime importance in the effort to improve the quality of life for all the people living in Nyimba district. It will ensure that Nyimba Town Council channel available resources to most pressing community needs that will help to bring about sustainable development in the whole district. This plan will ensure that the core problems identified in the issues report effecting the growth of all sectors are addressed in an integrated manner and brings about inclusiveness in development. Furthermore, the Integrated Development Plan will work to help the district coordinate with other cooperating partners in resource mobilizing so as to implement all the proposed programmes and projects in order to achieve a sustainable growth in socio-economic development. Bibliography 1. Education our Future Policy, 1996 2. Livestock Development Policy, 2012 3. Mineral Resource Development Plan, 2013 4. National Agriculture Policy, 2011 5. National AIDS Strategic Framework, 2017 6. National Energy Policy, 2008 7. National Forest Policy, 2014 8. National Gender Policy, 2014 9. National Health Policy, 2012 10. National Housing Policy, 1996 11. National Industrial Policy, 2018 12. National Parks and Wildlife Policy, 2018 13. National Policy on Climate Change, 2016 14. National Policy on Disability, 2012 15. National Policy on Wetlands, 2018 16. National Social Protection Policy, 2014 17. National Tourism Policy, 2015 18. National Transport Policy, 2019 19. National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Program, 2010 20. National Water Policy, 2010 21. Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, 1996 22. SNDP, 2017 23. Technical Education and vocational Entrepreneurship Training (TEVET) skills development policy, 1998 161 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 24. The National Policy on Environment, 2007 25. The national water policy, 2010 26. Trade Policy Framework, 2016 27. Zambia National Health Strategic Plan, 2017 162 | I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n