National Livestock Development Policy

REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND LIVESTOCK National Livestock Development Policy NATIONAL LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT POLICY OCTOBER, 2020 LUSAKA TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................... 6 ......................................................................................... 7 ....................................................................................... 8 .......................................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................................... .............................................................................. .................................................................. ................................................ .................................................... .................................... Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources ............................ ................................ Animal Welfare and Livestock Production Environment ................... Livestock Information Management System ...................................... Cross-cutting Issues ............................................................................... ................................... ........................................................................................................ ................................................................................................. ................................................................................ .................................................... .................................................................................... ................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT WORKING DEFINITIONS ACRONYMS 1. INTRODUCTION 10 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS 11 2.1. Policy and legal framework 11 2.2. Livestock production and productivity 11 2.3. Livestock products and by-product 12 2.4. Livestock Research and Development (R&D) 13 2.5. 13 2.6. Livestock stocking and re-stocking programme 14 2.7. 14 2.8. 15 2.9. 16 3. VISION, RATIONALE AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES 18 3.1. Vision 18 3.2. Rationale 18 3.3. Guiding Principles 18 4. POLICY OBJECTIVES AND MEASURES 19 4.1. Overall objective 19 4.2. Specific Objectives 19 4.3. MEASURES 20 National Livestock Development Policy 4page 5. IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 22 5.1. Institutional Arrangement 22 5.1.1. 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 5.2. Legal Framework 24 5.3. Resource Mobilisation and Financing 25 5.4. Monitoring and Evaluation 25 ............................................................ ...................................................................... Stakeholders and their Roles ............................................................. .......................................................................................... 5.1.1.2 Training and Research Institutions ........................................................ 5.1.1.3 Private Sector........................................................................................... 5.1.1.4 Farmer Organisations ............................................................................. 5.1.1.5 Traditional Leadership ............................................................................ 5.1.1.6 Development Partners ........................................................................... .................................................................................... ................................................. ................................................................... 5.1.1.1. Line Ministries National Livestock Development Policy 5page FOREWORD The livestock industry is increasingly becoming important contributing 42% to the agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employing over 50% of the population in rural areas. L ivestock production in Zambia has tremendous potential due to the country's vast resource endowment. However, the productivity of the sub-sector remains low. Livestock in Zambia is predominantly under smallholder production systems. These systems are constrained by poor animal husbandry practices, disease outbreaks, low livestock population, inadequate animal nutrition and poor access by animals to watering points, compounded by effects of climate change. The country also faces stiff competition from more advanced livestock producing countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, resulting in threats of imports of relatively cheaper livestock products. Despite these constraints, these systems have sustained the livelihoods of the rural communities for centuries. During the implementation of the Second National Agricultural Policy (SNAP) there were emerging issues in the livestock industry that needed to be addressed. The Government recognises the need to improve the productivity of the livestock industry in line with Vision 2030 that aims at making “Zambia a prosperous middle income country” and to make Zambia a better place for all. In order to attain this vision, the Government has developed a National Livestock Development Policy, which outlines the vision of the Government and its aspiration to be “A smart and value-centred livestock industry”. The Government commits itself to making the necessary legislative and regulatory reforms and creating a conducive business and investment climate in the in livestock industry. In the implementation of this Policy, the Government will continue working with all stakeholders. I, therefore, wish to call upon all stakeholders to actively participate in the implementation of the Policy to contribute to achieving the vision of the livestock industry. Hon. Prof. Nkandu Luo, MP MINISTER OF FISHERIES AND LIVESTOCK Hon. Prof. Nkandu Luo - MP National Livestock Development Policy 6page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The livestock industry has had no standalone Policy to address emerging issues in the industry during the implementation of the Second National Agricultural Policy (SNAP). This has necessitated the development of the first National Livestock Development Policy. During the process of formulating this Policy, wide consultations were made with key stakeholders at National, Provincial, and District levels. I wish to acknowledge the invaluable contr ibut ions of our key stakeholders during the development of the Policy and its implementation plan. I also wish to acknowledge the guidance and technical support rendered to the Ministry by the Cabinet Office. Further, I would like to thank the management and staff of the Ministry for their commitment. Finally, I wish to thank the Cooperating Partners who provided the necessary support during the process of developing this Policy. Dr. Benson Mwenya, PhD Permanent Secretary MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND LIVESTOCK Dr. Benson Mwenya - PS MFL National Livestock Development Policy 7page WORKING DEFINITIONS National Livestock Development Policy 8page Agricultural Gross Domestic Product The total goods and services produced in the agricultural sector in a year. Animal Genetic Resources Those animal species that are used, or may be used, for the production of food and agriculture Animal Breeding The process of selective mating of animals with desirable genetic traits, to maintain or enhance them. Apiculture The cultivation of bees on a commercial and traditional scale for the production of honey. Biodiversity The variety and variability of animals, plants and microorganisms used directly or indirectly for food and Livestock production including crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries Characterisation The practice of systematically documenting the observed characteristics, geographical distribution, production environments, and uses of these resources. Chevon Goat meat Conventional and non conventional livestock (definition) Ethno-veterinary practices Local knowledge and methods of caring for, healing and managing livestock Fodder Any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, goats, rabbits, sheep, horses, poultry, and pigs. Forage Vegetative part of plants that are available for, and can be eaten by, livestock Gene Bank A physical source, in one or more locations, where the samples of animal or plant genetic resource populations are preserved or kept. Indigenous Knowledge and Practices Peoples’ unique understanding of facts and the practical application of traditional wisdom or traditional science, passed on from one generation to the next Livestock Unit A standardized animal unit to which different ages, types, or species of livestock can be related for purposes of matching forage availability to animal needs or comparing different livestock enterprises or different livestock types. Pastures Land covered in grass or other plants that are suitable for animal grazing. Pasture can be natural or cultivated. Rangelands Lands on which indigenous or introduced vegetation communities are predominantly grasses, grass-like plants, Forbes, shrubs or dispersed trees suitable for animal grazing or browsing. Standard Operating Procedures A set of step-by-step instructions or procedure specific to an organization that describe the activities necessary to complete complex routine operations or tasks in accordance with industry regulations or laws ACRONYMS 7NDP Seventh National Development Plan AI Artificial Insemination AIT Animal Identification and Traceability ASF African Swine fever CSO Central Statistics Office DNEI Diseases of National Economic Importance ECF East Coast Fever FISP Farmer Input Support Programme FMD Foot and Mouth Disease GDP Gross Domestic Product IKP Indigenous Knowledge and Practices LEWIS Livestock Early Warning and Information System LIMS Livestock Information Management System MFL Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock NLDP National Livestock Development Policy SADC Southern Africa Development Community SNAP Second National Agriculture Policy National Livestock Development Policy 9page 1. INTRODUCTION Agriculture is an important sector in Zambia, contributing an average of 8.2% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over the last decade. Almost half of the economically active population in Zambia are employed in the agricultural sector. Within the agricultural sector, the Government has identified the livestock sub-sector as key to economic diversification and job creation. The livestock sub-sector is rapidly growing within the broader agricultural sector and is central to the livelihood of most people in Zambia. The subsector is strategically important for food and nutrition security, a source of income, animal draught power and is a symbol of social status. The sub-sector contributes 42% to the agricultural GDP and has the potential to deliver both agricultural led growth and socio economic transformation as aspired in Vision 2030. In the past decade, there has been a shift in food consumption patterns in the World food economy towards livestock products as a result of the increase in the human population, incomes, change in lifestyle and dietary habits. It is projected that the per capita consumption of livestock products will increase by 50% by the year 2030 leading to increased demand for livestock products. This Policy is outlined as follows: Chapter One highlights the importance of Livestock development and the emerging issues that necessitated the development of a stand-alone Policy. Chapter Two presents the situation analysis of livestock development, while Chapter Three unfolds the vision, rationale and guiding principles. Chapter Four gives the Policy Objectives and Measures. Finally, Chapter Five outlines the implementation framework. National Livestock Development Policy 10page 2. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS This chapter outlines the current status of the livestock industry in Zambia. 2.1. Policy and legal framework The Livestock industry in Zambia is guided by the 2016 Second National Agricultural Policy (SNAP). Broadly, SNAP covers areas that are important in realising the potential of the agricultural sector and is aligned with the country's medium to long term aspirations expressed in the Seventh National Development Plan (7NDP). However, an analysis of specific interventions in SNAP had more emphasis on crop production. Further, the livestock industry lacks a comprehensive legislature to govern it. The industry is operated under a legal framework with a multiplicity of laws that govern specific areas of livestock development. This makes it difficult to effectively regulate and coordinate the livestock industry. The key constraints limiting the effective operations of the livestock industry are the absence of a Policy framework and the lack of a comprehensive legal framework. 2.2. Livestock production and productivity The major livestock reared in Zambia is Cattle, Goats, Sheep, Pigs and Poultry. According to the 2018 Census, the livestock population stood at 3.7 million cattle, 3.5 million goats, 170 thousand sheep, 1.1milion pigs, and 15 million village chickens. Most livestock is raised by small-scale farmers and reared under extensive production systems. The following are some of the key challenges affecting livestock production and productivity: (a) Weak Livestock extension and advisory services Livestock production and productivity are enhanced through the effective delivery of extension services. These services are provided at grass root level in the country through the existing 513 veterinary camps. The delivery of these services has for a long time been focused more on cattle rather than other major livestock species. The livestock extension system is constrained mainly by the high farmer-to-extension officer ratio, weak extension-research linkages, vastness of veterinary camps, inadequate infrastructure and transport. (b) Low adoption of technologies Improving livestock productivity requires that small scale farmers adopt appropriate technologies in breeding, feeding and animal health. However, adoption rate remains low mainly due to inadequate generation, transfer and adoption of technology and limited access by farmers to production inputs. (c) Lack of commercialization of livestock production The growing demand for livestock and livestock products requires small scale farmers to commercialise livestock production. The commercialisation of livestock production is constrained by limited access to financial resources, limited knowledge and skills and low awareness levels on the importance of value-addition. (d) Low Investment in non-conventional livestockNon-conventional livestock in this context refers to wild animal species adopted for domestication and human National Livestock Development Policy 11page consumption. This includes game ranching, crocodile farming and apiculture (beekeeping). However, some conventional livestock such as rabbits, quails, turkeys and guinea fowls are not widely kept by farmers. Game ranching has been increasing both in the number of enterprises and area of coverage and is producing more economic benefits to the country than the conventional livestock enterprises. One key benefit is that it allows for the utilisation of marginal land and provides a buffer against Climate Change for livestock farmers. The key constraints limiting non-convectional livestock include poaching, high start up costs, lack of a clear Policy on non-conventional livestock, difficulty of accessing land for game ranching and limited research and extension. (e) Weak livestock producer organizations Commodity producer organisations play an important role in promoting the management of livestock enterprises, improving access to services and credit, linking farmers to markets, and advocacy for Policy. At local level, producer organisations tend to be weak due to poor governance and limited knowledge. 2.3. Livestock products and by-product The major livestock products in Zambia include Beef, Pork, Chevon, Mutton, Poultry meat, Eggs, Honey, Milk, and Dairy products. Livestock products provide sources of protein, vitamins, and minerals which are important for human nutrition. Livestock by-products include skins and hides, manure, blood, bones, horns and farm animal power. The following are some of the key challenges affecting the utilisation of livestock products and by-products: (a) Poor agricultural and manufacturing practices Most smallholder livestock farmers and small-scale producers of livestock and livestock by-products do not appreciate the importance of maintaining standards and quality of their products and by-products, leading to high non-compliance levels to set standards and consequently to poor development of the industry. The key challenges affecting compliance to quality and standards of livestock products and by-products include low levels of awareness about Standard Operating Procedures and good manufacturing practices. (b) Weak Grading systems for live animals and livestock products The grading systems for live animals, livestock products and by-products in Zambia are still being developed. There are grading systems that have been developed for livestock such as cattle, goats and pigs in the country. However, grading systems for other livestock and livestock products are not yet developed. The main constraints affecting quality control and standards of the livestock and livestock products include poorly organised producer organisations, and limited knowledge about product standards requirements and quality control procedures. (c) Inadequate systems for product quality control and standards Some standards for products such as milk, beef, pork, skins and hides, and leather products have been developed. However, quality standards for other livestock products and by-products in Zambia have not yet been developed. Some of the key National Livestock Development Policy 12page challenges facing the livestock industry on livestock product quality and standards include lack of mandatory standards for specific products, uncoordinated product quality grading systems, poorly organised collection and distribution systems and absence of independent product quality assurance facilities. (d) Non-operationalization of Animal Identification and Traceability System (AITS) Animal identification and traceability are widely recognised to be the basis of any modern food safety and quality control system which integrates both animal health and food hygiene components. Animal identification and traceability system in Zambia is governed by the Animal Identification and Traceability System Act No. 28 of 2010. The operationalisation of the Animal Identification and Traceability System is constrained by inadequate infrastructure, insufficient expertise, and low awareness levels among farmers and stakeholders. (e) Trade and value addition Livestock and livestock products trade occurs within the country, in the Southern African Development Community region and the rest of the world. Livestock products and by-products such as meat, milk, eggs, hides, skins, feathers, bones, horns and leather, have a vast potential for value addition. Constraints to livestock trade, include inadequate investment in well-structured marketing systems, high cost of equipment, high transportation costs, outbreaks of animal diseases and failure to comply with zoo-sanitary standards. The main constraints to promotion of value addition include poor quality of livestock products and by-product, poor agricultural practices, lack of finance, inadequate knowledge and skills among small scale farmers, inadequate investment in product value-addition technologies and limited access to profitable markets. 2.4. Livestock Research and Development Livestock productivity in Zambia remains stagnant for many decades largely due to lack of research and development. Improvement in livestock productivity requires strategic research which can lead to the generation of appropriate technologies and informed decision-making. The major challenge is that investment in livestock research is generally not given priority. Besides, the country lacks a stand-alone Institution to provide oversight and direction for animal research and development. Other challenges include the weak institutional capacity to conduct research, poor funding to animal research, limited private sector participation, lack of suitable infrastructure in research institutions and weak research-extension linkages and low adoption levels of animal production technologies. 2.5. Efficient management and utilisation of Farm Animal Genetic Resources entail a good understanding of available animal genetic resource base. An inventory of indigenous animal genetic resources has not yet been conducted in Zambia. This limits the ability of the country to characterise indigenous livestock breeds. Similarly, indigenous livestock breeds tend to be less utilised due to the general preference to exotic breeds. Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources National Livestock Development Policy 13page Without proper genetic resource management, some breeds or strains of livestock may face extinction. This is causing a threat to the biodiversity and conservation of the indigenous genetic pool. 2.6. Livestock stocking and re-stocking programme The government has been promoting livestock stocking programmes in areas that have previously not been engaged in livestock rearing. It has also been re-stocking in areas that have lost significant numbers of livestock due to diseases and other natural disasters. The main livestock species that are being promoted for stocking and re-stocking are suitable breeds of cattle, pigs, small ruminants and village chickens. Stocking and re-stocking are conducted through the “pass on the gift”. The Government is promoting stocking and re-stocking through the countrywide “one livestock unit per rural household” programme. The major constraints affecting stocking and re-stocking programmes include high prevalence of livestock diseases, unavailability of suitable seed-stock and huge demand for livestock. 2.7. Animal welfare and livestock production environment Animal welfare in Zambia is governed by the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals, Act No. 13 of 1994. Although the law provides for the proper treatment of animals during transportation, procuring and slaughter, and prevents animals from poisoning, it does not adequately address issues of housing, nutrition, and access to water for animal, management of rangeland, animal health. Additionally, the enforcement of these laws is weak. The following are the major constraints that affect the welfare and performance of animals: (a) Poor Management of Rangelands and Water Resources Zambia has about 20.3 million hectares of rangeland. In most instances, the utilisation of rangelands is communal. The utilisation of rangelands for sustainable livestock production is hampered by seasonal decline in quantity and quality of forage and water resources. Availability of water for livestock is constrained by low adoption levels of water harvesting techniques, and high cost of infrastructure for water supply and reticulation. This leads to deterioration of animal body condition and leads to poor animal health. This is exacerbated by inappropriate grazing and land husbandry practices. The unrestricted movement of livestock from one area to another, in search of pastures and water, allows domestic livestock to come into contact with wildlife, and this leads to spread of animal disease outbreaks. (b) Limited Application of Indigenous Knowledge and Practices There are opportunities to explore the application of Indigenous Knowledge and Practices (IKPs) which involves the use of traditional skills, such as ethno-veterinary practices, animal husbandry practices, management of rangelands, and environmental protection. The application of IKPs is easy, convenient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. Smallholder farmers can make use of IKPs to better manage grazing resources and control animal diseases for improved and sustainable livestock production. National Livestock Development Policy 14page The use of IKPs is constrained by lack of documentation, lack of recognition as valuable knowledge, low awareness levels among stakeholders, lack of evidence based standards for applications of IKPs in ethno-veterinary practices, inadequate infrastructure, lack of necessary facilities and limited research and extension. (c) Weak Animal Health Delivery Services The main focus of animal health is to prevent the introduction of animal diseases, control the spread, eradicate and prevent diseases. This is carried out through the provision of public and private veterinary services. The benefits drawn from these activities are increased livestock production and productivity, food security and safety, animal welfare, improved trade and income levels. Animal health is also addressed through primary animal health care which focusses on preventative measures such as nutrition, control of internal and external parasites and pests, vaccination, and other routine animal health checks. The fundamental principle for good animal health is proper nutrition which is addressed by supplementary feeding, improving the access to adequate, quality drinking water, and access to forage sources. The spread of animal diseases in Zambia is exacerbated by the limited application of biosecurity measures such as wheel baths, fencing and uncontrolled movements of people and fomites (objects) at provincial and district entry points. The key constraints to ensuring animal health are poor animal husbandry practices, lack of animal clinics at the grass-root level, inadequate veterinary infrastructure, inadequate veterinary services, and inadequate knowledge on the management of animal diseases. (d) Housing for Livestock Appropriate housing for livestock in Zambia is mostly associated with the commercial production of broiler, layers, pigs, dairy, and goats, particularly under intensive production systems. Among the small-scale farmers, however, housing for livestock and controlled movements of livestock is not a common practice. The main challenges associated with livestock housing include the high cost of construction, limited knowledge about building standards, limited access to appropriate technical designs, and poor attitudes towards the construction of housing for livestock. 2.8. Livestock Information Management System Currently, there are basic systems that are used for the management of information on livestock population, breeds, feeds, prices, supply and demand for livestock products, weather, disease outbreaks, and market regulations. These statistics and information are collected by various Government line ministries, private sector organisations, and farmer associations. Most of the data collected by various stakeholders is inadequate, mainly administrative and uncoordinated. Given the effects of Climate Change on livestock production and, vice-versa, (the impact of livestock production on the environment), the current livestock information management system also lacks an inbuilt Livestock Early Warning and Information System. Effective management of livestock information is constrained by National Livestock Development Policy 15page inadequate institutional capacity, high cost of data collection, and defragmented livestock data management platforms. 2.9. Cross-cutting Issues The development and growth of the livestock industry is affected by a number of cross-cutting issues. These include, Land Tenure for Livestock Farming, Environmental Protection and Conservation, Gender Mainstreaming, Climate Change, Livestock Infrastructure and Human Resource Development, (a) Land Tenure for Livestock Farming The customary land tenure system is most prevalent in Zambia. In this system, the authority to grant access to the land is vested in the traditional leadership. Land for livestock among smallholder farmers is mainly communal and it is being utilised without guaranteed security of tenure. This has resulted in social conflicts between livestock farmers and other land users leading to land degradation and the spread of animal diseases. Access to land for livestock farming is constrained by large areas required for grazing, protracted procedures for its acquisition and low priority accorded to the allocation of land for livestock use. (b) Environmental Protection and Conservation Sustainable livestock farming and its related activities require proper utilisation and management of the environment in order not to compromise future livestock production. However, increased livestock populations and human activities related to livestock production in some areas of the country have resulted in over exploitation of natural resources. This has led to soil erosion, deforestation, destruction of water sources, and environmental pollution. The major constraints to environmental conservation in livestock production include inadequate expertise, low awareness levels and inadequate promotion of environmental conservation among stakeholders. (c) Gender Mainstreaming Livestock production is male dominated. The female folk have a 25% share over the last decade. To reduce this bias, the Government has a deliberate Policy to increase the participation of women and youth in livestock development programmes. Gender mainstreaming is constrained by limited land tenure for women, low awareness levels among stakeholders, inadequate expertise, cultural practices, and traditions. (d) Climate Change Zambia has been experiencing variations in climatic conditions across the three agro-ecological zones with the Northern region experiencing heavy rains and floods, while the Southern and Central regions experience more frequent extended dry spells. The negative effects of Climate Change have led to the country adopting Climate Change adaption and mitigation measures. This changing weather pattern has an impact on livestock production and productivity. Some of the impacts include the reduced quality and quantity of forage resources, inadequate water resources for livestock, reduced yields, poor animal health, reduced growth rates, and reduced fertility. The key challenges of Climate Change National Livestock Development Policy 16page include emissions of Green House Gases, low awareness levels, inadequate expertise, and weak inter-sectoral coordination on mitigation and adaptation measures. (e) Livestock Infrastructure The government has made progress in the construction of supporting livestock Infrastructures such as abattoirs/slaughter slabs and Livestock Service Centres, Milk Collection Centres, Livestock Breeding Centres, Livestock Marketing Centres, and Satellite Artificial Insemination Centres. The major constraints include high investment cost, inadequate infrastructure, lack of independent product testing, certification and quality control facilities, and lack of private sector participation to support sustainable operations of these institutions. (f) Human Resource Development Human Resource Development aims at developing and reviewing the livestock development training programmes to produce well-trained livestock personnel and other stakeholders for the development of the livestock sub-sector. Additionally, technical skills and training are aimed at developing livestock skills in schools, tertiary education and community level. This will be achieved in close collaboration with line Ministries in the education sector, private sector and other relevant institutions. This will ensure that a critical mass of suitable and adequately trained human resources is available to meet the needs of both the public and private sectors. Livestock training is constrained by inadequate infrastructure and training facilities, insufficient expertise, low participation levels of other stakeholders, and weak linkages among research, training, extension and livestock farmers. National Livestock Development Policy 17page National Livestock Development Policy 3. VISION, RATIONALE AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES 3.1. Vision “A smart and value centred Livestock Industry” 3.2. Rationale Zambia has had no specific Policy to guide livestock development since independence. This Policy promotes sustainable livestock development through the expansion of extension and advisory services in the sector. In addition, it enhances the production of quality livestock products and by-products through the promotion of grading systems for live animals and livestock products. It also enhances livestock stocking and re-stocking by strengthening the livestock breeding and breed multiplication systems. At the heart of the Policy is the actualisation of the “one livestock unit per rural household programme” and the “pass-on-the-gift scheme”. This Policy promotes sustainable Farm Animal Genetic Resources through the creation of management database and Artificial Insemination programmes. It endeavours to enhance livestock Research and Development through the strengthening of institutional capacity and collaboration. Further, it promotes animal welfare by ensuring countrywide rollout of awareness programmes on animal welfare and enhancement of enforcement mechanism. The Policy has a comprehensive set of Policy measures to promote animal health. It also has deliberate measures to promote the application of indigenous knowledge and practices in the management of animal diseases. Furthermore, the Policy provides a mechanism to strengthen the management of rangelands and livestock water resources through the promotion of extension services and good grazing practices as well as enhance appropriate technologies for forage conservation and utilisation. It also provide measures to establish and operationalise the Livestock Information Management System and livestock Early Warning Information System which will enhance the collection and utilisation of livestock data. 3.3. Guiding Principles The Policy will be guided by the following principles: 18page Equity and Equality The Policy will endeavour to e nsure that livestock development programmes reach the poor and vulnerable households; Inclusiveness The Policy will endeavour to ensure that citizens participate in livestock development programmes; Indigenous Resources The Policy will endeavour to ensure the conservation and utilisation of indigenous animal genetic resources Morality and Ethics The Policy will endeavour to ensure the provision of livestock development programmes are conducted transparently and objectively Multi-Sectoral Approach The Policy will endeavour to ensure that all sectors of society participate in the implementation, review, monitoring, and evaluation of the Policy Sustainable Development The Policy will endeavour to ensure livestock development programmes are formulated and implemented without compromising the needs of future 4. POLICY OBJECTIVES AND MEASURES 4.1. Overall objective The overall objective of this Policy is to transform the livestock industry in order to enhance socio-economic development. 4.2. Specific Objectives (a) To promote sustainable livestock production and productivity; (b) To promote established standards and quality of livestock, livestock products, and by-products; (c) To strength livestock Research and Development; (d) To promote sustainable management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources; (e) To improve the animal welfare and livestock production environment; (f) To improve animal health service delivery; (g) To improve the management of rangelands and livestock water resources; and (h) To establish a Livestock Information Management System (LIMS). National Livestock Development Policy 19page 4.3. MEASURES Specific Objective 1: To promote sustainable livestock production and productivity. Measures (a) Strengthen extension and advisory services in livestock development; (b) Promote the adoption of appropriate technologies to enhance livestock productivity; (c) Promote livestock stocking and re-stocking (d) Promote Artificial Insemination; (e) Strengthen livestock producer organisations; (f) Promote commercialisation of livestock production; and (g) Promote investment in non-conventional livestock production Specific Objective 2: To promote established standards and quality of livestock, livestock products and by-products; Measures: (a) To promote good agricultural and manufacturing practices; (b) Promote the application of grading systems for live animals and livestock products; (c) Strengthen Animal Identification and Traceability System; (d) Promote the application of appropriate value addition technologies; (e) Promote livestock trade, marketing and agribusiness development; (f) Promote investment in processing facilities; and (g) Promote the formation of livestock processors organisations. Specific Objective 3: To strengthen livestock Research and Development Measures: (a) Strengthen institutional collaboration; (b) Strengthen institutional capacity for livestock Research and Development; (c) Promote research in forage production and pasture management; (d) Promote research in rangeland utilisation and management; (e) Promote research in livestock products and by-products; (f) Promote investment in livestock Research and Development; and (g) Strengthen livestock research - extension linkages. Specific Objective 4: To promote sustainable management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Measures: (a) Create a farm animal genetic resource management database (b) Promote conservation of indigenous animal breeds and strains; (c) Promote genetic resource management system; and (d) Develop programmes for evaluation of the genetic potential of indigenous livestock breeds. National Livestock Development Policy 20page Specific Objective 5: To improve the animal welfare and livestock production environment. Measures: (a) Strengthen institutional cooperation on animal welfare; (b) Improve public awareness levels on animal welfare; and (c) Improve compliance and enforcement levels. Specific Objective 6: To improve animal health service delivery. Measures: (a) Strengthen institutional collaboration on primary animal health care; (b) Support routine vaccinations and surveillance of livestock diseases; (c) Strengthen technical services on the control and prevention of animal diseases; (d) Promote the application of Indigenous Knowledge and Practices in the management of animal diseases; (e) Strengthen the adoption of good animal nutrition practices; (f) Promote the establishment of animal clinics; and (g) Promote the development of wheel baths and foot baths. Specific Objective 7: To improve the management of rangelands and livestock water resources. Measures: (a) support and strengthen extension service delivery to promote good grazing practices (b) Promote appropriate technologies for forage conservation and utilisation; (c) Promote sustainable communal grazing management systems rangeland improvement technologies; (d) Promote the application of Indigenous Knowledge and Practices in rangeland management; (e) Promote community participation in establishing watering points for livestock development; and (f) Strengthen collaboration in the development and maintenance of reliable water sources for livestock. Specific Objective 8: To establish a Livestock Information Management System (LIMS) Measures: (a) Strengthen institutional capacity in Livestock Information Management Systems; (b) Operationalize Livestock Information Management System; © Enhance collaboration with the Zambia Meteorological Department in collecting information on Climate Change and early warning; and (d) Facilitate the establishment of Livestock Early Warning Information Systems. National Livestock Development Policy 21page National Livestock Development Policy 5. IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK To achieve the Policy objectives outlined in chapter 4, the Government has put in place an implementation framework. The Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock will collaborate with other line Ministries and stakeholders in the implementation of the Policy. 5.1. Institutional Arrangement Vertical and horizontal coordination among the key players in the livestock sector is essential for the successful implementation of the National Livestock Development Policy. Therefore, the Ministry will ensure the effective participation of all stakeholders at all levels. 5.1.1. Stakeholders and their Roles The MFL will be responsible for coordinating and play a leading role to ensure effective implementation of the National Livestock Development Policy (NLDP) . It will also provide Policy direction and technical support on the implementation of the NLDP to the Provincial and District administration. The Ministry will collaborate with other line Ministries in line with their mandates. 5.1.1.1. Line Ministries Ministry responsible for Fisheries and Livestock Play a leading role in coordinating the effective implementation of the Policy Ministry responsible for Home Affairs Enforcement of the law to curb stock theft and restriction of stock movement. Ministry responsible for Agriculture Collaborate in the establishment of feed manufacturing facilities and provision of training for farmers in livestock development Ministry Responsible for Finance To facilitate and provide financial resources to enable successful implementation of the Policy Cabinet Office To provide oversight on the implementation of the Policy Ministry responsible for Justice Drafting of legislation related to livestock development Ministry responsible for National Development Planning Provides statistics on livestock in the country Ministry responsible for Health To facilitate the training of livestock farmers on food safety and handling Ministry responsible for Water Development, Provision of water for livestock development Sanitation and Environmental Protection 22page National Livestock Development Policy 5.1.1.2 Training and Research Institutions The Policy will strengthen collaboration with local, regional, and international training and research institutions. Effective implementation of this Policy requires that individual and institutional capacities of the various stakeholders in the sector are enhanced. To this end, curricula in schools, colleges and higher institutions of learning will be reviewed to contribute to the knowledge and life skills development of learners. Adoption of technologies and knowledge transfer, in-service training, study tours, and exchange visits by farmers, learners and experts will be promoted at local and international levels. 5.1.1.3 Private Sector The Policy will create an enabling business and investment climate for the private sector to thrive and to create opportunities for Private-Public Partnerships. Further, it recognises the essential role played by the private sector to undertake investment in the livestock industry and will continue to support such initiatives for economic diversification and job creation. On the other hand, the private sector will be responsible for development of livestock value chains. 5.1.1.4 Farmer Organisations The Policy will ensure the Ministry collaborates with Famer Associations and Organisation in the regulation of the livestock industry and promotion of livestock development. It recognises the support provided by such organisations through initiatives such as extension services, market linkages, credit, and input supply channels for livestock production. Ministry responsible for Commerce, Trade and Industry To facilitate the formation of producer organisation and training of livestock producers in business development skills as well as facilitate trade in livestock and livestock products Ministry responsible for Local Government Provide for licensing and by-laws related to livestock and livestock products Ministry responsible for Lands and Natural Resources Provide land for livestock development and zoning of areas with high game ranching Ministry responsible for Community Development and Social Services Mobilisation of vulnerable communities in livestock development programmes Ministry responsible for Gender Mobilisation of women in livestock development programmes Ministry responsible for Chiefs and Traditional Affairs Reservation of indigenous knowledge and provision of land for grazing Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Services It will play an advocacy role and documenting information Ministry responsible for Youth, Sport and Child Development Mobilisation of youths in livestock development programmes 23page 5.1.1.5 Traditional Leadership The Policy will ensure the Ministry collaborates with the traditional leadership to enhance community participation in livestock development. It recognises that traditional leaders are custodians of customary law, traditional values, and norms that govern societies. 5.1.1.6 Development Partners The Policy will ensure continued collaboration with the Development Partners to achieve Sustainable Development Goal Number 1, 2, and 3 through the implementation of the NLDP. Development Partners will continue to collaborate with the Ministry in the implementation of livestock development programmes. 5.2 Legal Framework The Policy will help in identifying various Laws and Pieces of Legislation that govern the livestock industry. It will further help to identify the laws and Pieces of Legislation that require review and introduction of new ones. In order to effectively implement the NLDP, there is need for an enabling legal framework that will respond to the needs and address the emerging issues in the livestock industry. The livestock industry is governed by the following pieces of the legislature: (a) Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, Chapter 245 of the Laws of Zambia specifies acts which amount to cruelty to animals and the penalties for offenders committing such acts. The Government will use the provisions of the act to ensure that animal welfare is guaranteed during trading, slaughter, transportation, rearing, and associated animal handling practices. (b) Tsetse Control Act, Chapter 249 of the Laws of Zambia – provides for the control and prevention of the spread of tsetse flies and trypanosomiasis. The Government will use the provisions of the law to ensure animal health and to open up more areas for the grazing of livestock and wildlife. (c) Pig Industry Act, Chapter 251 of the Laws of Zambia - provides for the imposition and collection of levies on pigs and the development of the pig industry. The Government will leverage on the provisions of this law to generate revenue for the Government and to develop the pork value chains. (d) Wildlife Act No. 14 of 2015 - provide for the conservation and enhancement of wildlife eco-systems, enhancing the benefits of Game Management Areas to local communities and wildlife, the involvement of local communities in the management of Game Management Areas and for the licensing of hunting and control of the processing, sale, import and export of wild animals and trophies. The Government shall use the provisions of this law for the development of Apiculture (beekeeping) and the Game ranching value chains. (e) Dairy Industry Development Act, No. 22 of 2010 – provides for the regulation of the Dairy Industry, the establishment of the Dairy Industry Board, enhancement of milk production, and development of the Dairy value chains. The Government will use the provisions of the Act to commercialise and make the Dairy Industry export oriented. National Livestock Development Policy 24page (f) Animal Health Act, No. 27 of 2010 – provides for the prevention and control of animal diseases, regulation of the importation and exportation of animal, animal products and animal by-products. The Government will use the provisions of the Act to improve production and productivity of livestock. (g) Animal Identification Act, No. 28 of 2010 – provides for the registration of Animal and appointment of the Registrar of Animal Identification. The Government will use the provisions of the Act to keep track of livestock from production through the entire value chain, to ensure food safety and enhance livestock exports. (h) Veterinary and Veterinary Para-Professions Act, No. 45 of 2010 – Provides for licensing of laboratories and animal health facilities and recognition and approval of training programmes of Veterinary and Veterinary para-professionals. The Government will use the provisions of the Act to enhance the quality of service delivery. The Policy will, therefore, be expected to be implemented within the context of other laws that seek to promote livestock development. 5.1 Resource Mobilisation And Financing The implementation of the National Livestock Development Policy will be financed through the annual budgets, supplemented with support from Cooperating Partners. The government has also identified the private sector to provide ideas, innovations that will promote sustainable and inclusive growth to leverage more resources. The implementation is aligned to the Vision 2030 and is addressing the following: (a) improved livestock production and productivity; (b) Improved livestock Research and Development; 4) Improved animal welfare; and (c) Improved livestock information and early warning systems. 5.2 Monitoring and Evaluation The Policy will be used as a guide towards achieving the Vision and Mission of the livestock industry in the country. The Government will conduct spot checks and joint annual reviews on the implementation of the Policy with key stakeholders to assess the progress made. The Government will also conduct a mid-term and a final review of the implementation of the Policy to assess its impact. National Livestock Development Policy 25page MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND LIVESTOCK Third (3rd) Floor Mulungushi House Independence Avenue P.O. Box 50060 15100 Ridgeway Lusaka Telephone (+260) 0211 254645, Fax: (+260) 0211 251370 Website: https://www.mfl.gov.zm Email: permsec@mfl.gov.zm, +260 211 251379 info@mfl.gov.zm Supported by