Itezhi Tezhi Integrated Development Plan (IDP) Vision 2024-2034

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 21

1.1 DESCRIPTION OF IDP AREA (DISTRICT HISTORY) ............................................................................. 21

1.2.1 Geographical Location ................................................................................................................... 22

1.2.2 General Physical Characteristics of the District ............................................................................. 23

1.2.3 Governance and Administration .................................................................................................... 24

1.2 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................... 25 PART TWO - PLANNING SURVEY AND ISSUES REPORT ............................................................................... 26

2.0 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................... 26

2.0.1 Population and Population Growth ........................................................................................ 26

2.0.2 Population Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 27

2.0.3 Projected Population and Likely Characteristics ..................................................................... 29

2.0.4 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Spatial Development Patterns 31 SECTORIAL AND THEMATIC AREA ANALYSIS............................................................................................... 32 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ............................................................................................................ 32

2.1 FORESTRY .............................................................................................................................................. 32 2.1.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level......................................... 32

2.1.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ......................................................................... 33

2.1.2.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 34 2.1.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ....................................................... 34

2.1.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 35

2.1.3.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 35

2.1.3.2 Quality of Service .................................................................................................................... 35

2.1.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ................................................................ 36 6|Page 2.1.4.1 Population Changes – Future Demand for Services and Facilities .......................................... 36 2.1.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programs ........................................... 36

2.1.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 36

2.1.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ................................................................................... 36 2.1.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ............................................... 37

2.1.8 Core Problems in Forestry Sector .................................................................................................. 37

2.2 NATIONAL PARKS & WILDLIFE .............................................................................................................. 37 2.2.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level......................................... 37

2.2.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ......................................................................... 37

2.2.2.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 37 2.2.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ....................................................... 38

2.2.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 39

2.2.3.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 39

2.2.3.2 Quality of Service .................................................................................................................... 39

2.2.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ................................................................ 39 2.2.4.1 Population Changes – Future Demand for Services and Facilities .......................................... 39 2.2.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programs ........................................... 39

2.2.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 39

2.2.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ................................................................................... 40 2.2.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change .............................. 40 2.2.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ............................... 41 2.2.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ............................................... 41

2.2.8 Core Problems in National Parks & Wildlife Sector ....................................................................... 41 HUMAN & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................. 42

2.3 EDUCATION ........................................................................................................................................... 42 2.3.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level......................................... 42

2.3.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ......................................................................... 43

2.3.2.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 43 2.3.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ....................................................... 45

2.3.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 47 7|Page

2.3.3.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 47

2.3.3.2 Quality of Service .................................................................................................................... 48

2.3.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ................................................................ 48 2.3.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities.............................................. 48 2.3.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ............................................... 49

2.3.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 50

2.3.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ................................................................................... 50 2.3.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change .............................. 50 2.3.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ................................... 51 2.3.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ............................................... 51

2.3.8 Core Problems in Education Sector ............................................................................................... 51

2.4 HEALTH.................................................................................................................................................. 52 2.4.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level......................................... 52

2.4.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ......................................................................... 53

2.4.2.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 53 2.4.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicator ........................................................ 56

2.4.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 58

2.4.3.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 58

2.4.3.2 Quality of Service .................................................................................................................... 59

2.4.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ................................................................ 59 2.4.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities.............................................. 59 2.4.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programs ........................................... 59

2.4.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 60

2.4.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ................................................................................... 60 2.4.6.1 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ............................... 60 2.4.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ............................................... 61

2.4.8 Core Problems in Health Sector ..................................................................................................... 61

2.5 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................... 61 2.5.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level......................................... 61

2.5.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ......................................................................... 62 8|Page

2.5.2.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 62

2.5.2.2 Quality of Service (Key Performance Indicators) .................................................................... 62

2.5.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 63

2.5.3.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 63

2.5.3.2 Quality of Service .................................................................................................................... 63

2.5.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ................................................................ 63 2.5.4.1 Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities ........................................... 63 2.5.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes.......................................... 64

2.5.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 64

2.5.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ................................................................................... 64 2.5.6.1 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ............................... 64 2.5.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ............................................... 64

2.5.8 Core Problems in Community Development Sector ...................................................................... 65

2.6 SOCIAL WELFARE................................................................................................................................... 65 2.6.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level......................................... 65

2.6.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ......................................................................... 66

2.6.2.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 66 2.6.2.2 Quality of service Including Key Performance Indicators ....................................................... 66

2.6.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 67

2.6.3.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 67

2.6.3.2 Quality of Service .................................................................................................................... 67

2.6.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ................................................................ 67 2.6.4.1 Population Changes – Future demand for services and facilities ........................................... 67 2.6.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ............................................... 67

2.6.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 67

2.6.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ................................................................................... 68 2.6.6.1 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ............................... 68 2.6.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ............................................... 68

2.6.8 Core Problems in Social Welfare Sector ........................................................................................ 68

2.7 WATER SUPPLY AND SUSTAINABLE SANITATION ................................................................................. 68 9|Page 2.7.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level......................................... 68

2.7.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ......................................................................... 69

2.7.2.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 69 2.7.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance................................................... 73

2.7.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 75

2.7.3.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 75

2.7.3.2 Quality of Service .................................................................................................................... 75

2.7.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ................................................................ 75 2.7.4.1 Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities ........................................... 75 2.7.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ............................................... 76

2.7.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 76

2.7.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ................................................................................... 76 2.7.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change .............................. 76 2.7.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ............................... 78 2.7.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ............................................... 78

2.7.8 Core Problems in Water and Sanitation Sector ............................................................................. 78

2.8 WASTE MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................................... 79 2.8.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level......................................... 79

2.8.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ......................................................................... 80

2.8.2.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 80 2.8.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance................................................... 80

2.8.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 81

2.8.3.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 81

2.8.3.2 Quality of Service .................................................................................................................... 81

2.8.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ................................................................ 81 2.8.4.1 Population Change- Future Demand for Services and Facilities ............................................. 81 2.8.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes.......................................... 81

2.8.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 82

2.8.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ................................................................................... 82 2.8.6.1 Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change ..................................... 82 10 | P a g e

2.8.7 Core Problems in Waste Management Sector............................................................................... 82 ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION & JOB CREATION...................................................................................... 82

2.9 AGRICULTURE........................................................................................................................................ 82 2.9.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level......................................... 82

2.9.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ......................................................................... 84

2.9.2.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 88 2.9.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ....................................................... 89

2.9.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ..................................................................... 89

2.9.3.1 Availability of Service .............................................................................................................. 89

2.9.3.2 Quality of Service .................................................................................................................... 89

2.9.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ................................................................ 90 2.9.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities.............................................. 90 2.9.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes.......................................... 90

2.9.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 91

2.9.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ................................................................................... 91 2.9.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change .............................. 91 2.9.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ............................... 91 2.9.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ............................................... 92

2.9.8 Core Problems in Agriculture Sector.............................................................................................. 92

2.10 FISHERIES & LIVESTOCK ...................................................................................................................... 93 2.10.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level....................................... 93

2.10.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ....................................................................... 93

2.10.2.1 Availability of Service ............................................................................................................ 97 2.10.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ..................................................... 99

2.10.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ................................................................. 100

2.10.3.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 100

2.10.3.2 Quality of Service ................................................................................................................ 100

2.10.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ............................................................ 101 2.10.4.1 Population change - Future demand for Services and Facilities ......................................... 101 2.10.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes...................................... 101 11 | P a g e

2.10.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................. 101

2.10.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................... 102 2.10.6.1 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ........................... 102

2.10.7 Core Problems in Fisheries and Livestock Sector....................................................................... 102

2.11 TOURISM ........................................................................................................................................... 103 2.11.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level..................................... 103

2.11.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ..................................................................... 103

2.11.2.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 103 2.11.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ................................................... 104

2.11.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ................................................................. 104

2.11.3.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 104

2.11.3.2 Quality of Service ................................................................................................................ 104

2.11.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ............................................................ 105 2.11.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities .......................................... 105 2.11.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes...................................... 105

2.11.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................. 105

2.11.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................... 105 2.11.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change .......................... 105

2.11.7 Core Problems in Tourism Sector .............................................................................................. 105

2.12 ROADS & TRANSPORT ....................................................................................................................... 106 2.12.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level..................................... 106

2.12.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ..................................................................... 106

2.12.2.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 106 2.12.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance............................................... 107

2.12.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ................................................................. 109

2.12.3.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 109

2.12.3.2 Quality of Service ................................................................................................................ 109

2.12.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ............................................................ 110 2.12.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities .......................................... 110 2.12.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ........................................... 110 12 | P a g e

2.12.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................. 110

2.12.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................... 110 2.12.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change .......................... 110 2.12.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ........................................... 111

2.12.8 Core Problems in Roads and Transport Sector .......................................................................... 111

2.13 ENERGY ............................................................................................................................................. 111 2.13.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level..................................... 111

2.13.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ..................................................................... 111

2.13.2.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 111 2.13.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ................................................... 112

2.13.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ................................................................. 112

2.13.3.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 112

2.13.3.2 Quality of Service ................................................................................................................ 112 2.13.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years .......................................................... 112 2.13.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities .......................................... 112 2.13.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ........................................... 113

2.13.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................. 113

2.13.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................... 113 2.13.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change .......................... 113 2.13.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector ........................... 113

2.13.7 Core Problems in Energy Sector ................................................................................................ 113

2.14 COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................................................ 114 2.14.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level..................................... 114

2.14.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ..................................................................... 114

2.14.2.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 114 2.14.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ................................................... 115

2.14.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ................................................................. 115

2.14.3.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 115 2.14.3.2 Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance............................................... 115

2.14.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ............................................................ 115 13 | P a g e 2.14.4.1 Population change - Future demand for Services and Facilities ......................................... 115 2.14.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ........................................... 115

2.14.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................. 116

2.14.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................... 116

2.14.6.1 Impact of Climate Change on the Sector ............................................................................ 116 2.14.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender and Vulnerable Groups ........................................................ 116

2.14.8 Core Problems in Communication Sector .................................................................................. 116 GOOD GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................... 116

2.15 LAND MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................. 116 2.15.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level..................................... 116

2.15.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ..................................................................... 117

2.15.2.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 117

2.15.3 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ............................................................ 118 2.15.3.1 Population change - Future demand for Services and Facilities ......................................... 118 2.15.3.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ........................................... 118

2.15.4 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................. 118

2.15.5 Environment and Climate Change Analysis ............................................................................... 119 2.15.5.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change .......................... 119

2.15.6 Core Problems in Land & Administration Sector ....................................................................... 119

2.16 IMMIGRATION .................................................................................................................................. 119 2.16.1 Key Government Priorities being implemented at Local Level .................................................. 119

2.16.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ..................................................................... 119

2.16.2.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 119 2.16.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ................................................... 120

2.16.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ................................................................. 120

2.16.3.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 120

2.16.3.2 Quality of Service ................................................................................................................ 120

2.16.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years ............................................................ 120 2.16.4.1 Population Change- Future Demand for Services and Facilities ......................................... 120 2.16.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ........................................... 121 14 | P a g e

2.16.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ................................................................................................................................................. 121 2.16.6 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups ........................................... 121

2.16.7 Core Problems in Immigration Sector ........................................................................................ 121

2.17 POLICE (SECURITY) ............................................................................................................................ 121 2.17.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level..................................... 121

2.17.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ..................................................................... 122

2.17.2.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 122 2.17.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ................................................... 122

2.17.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process ................................................................. 122

2.17.3.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 122

2.17.3.2 Quality of Service ................................................................................................................ 122 2.17.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years .......................................................... 123 2.17.4.1 Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities ....................................... 123 2.17.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ........................................... 123

2.17.5 Core Problems in Police Sector .................................................................................................. 123

2.18 NATIONAL PROSECUTION AUTHORITY ............................................................................................. 123 2.18.1 Key Government Priorities being and to be Implemented at Local Level ................................. 123

2.18.2 Description of the Existing State of Development ..................................................................... 123

2.18.2.1 Availability of Service .......................................................................................................... 123 2.18.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators ................................................... 124

2.19 SUMMARY – CORE PROBLEMS {FOR THE ENTIRE PSIR} .................................................................... 124 PART THREE – DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................... 124

3.1 VISION ................................................................................................................................................. 124

3.2 GOALS, OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIES..................................................................................................... 125

3.3 SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................... 128

3.3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 128

3.3.2 Baseline Situations ....................................................................................................................... 128

3.3.3 Alternative Spatial Developments ............................................................................................... 129 3.3.3.1 Development Scenario One: Managing and Maximizing Existing Economic Activities ........ 129 3.3.3.2 Development Scenario Two: Identification of Growth Poles ............................................... 131 15 | P a g e

3.3.3.3 Development Scenario Three: Exploitation of Existing Economic Activities and Promotion of Growth Poles ..................................................................................................................................... 132

3.3.4 Selected Spatial Development Framework .................................................................................. 134

3.3.5 Land Use Planning Objectives and Strategies for Improving, Maintaining and Protecting the Environmental, Social and Economic Aspects of Development ........................................................... 134

3.3.5.1 Well Planned Settlements..................................................................................................... 134

3.3.5.2 Protection of Forests ............................................................................................................. 135

3.3.5.3 Green Zones .......................................................................................................................... 135

3.3.6 Land Use Planning Objectives and Strategies for Specific Protection Zones, Areas of Environmental Sensitivity or Cultural and Historical Importance of Areas of Importance for Disaster Management Purposes ......................................................................................................................... 135

3.3.7 Land Use Planning Objectives and Strategies for the Protection of National and Regional Interests, Policies and Guidelines ......................................................................................................... 136

3.3.8 Land Use Planning Policies for Areas under the Jurisdiction of Traditional Authorities ............. 136 PART FOUR – IMPLEMENTATION PLAN .................................................................................................... 137 4.1 Assessment of Revenue Collection Efficiency of the Council ............................................................. 137

4.1.1 Comparison of budgeted own source revenue stream against own revenue collected for the past three years ............................................................................................................................................ 138

4.1.1.1 Own Source Revenue Performance Collection against Budget as Percentage for Each Revenue Source: ............................................................................................................................... 138

4.1.1.2 Revenue Collection Challenges ............................................................................................. 139 4.1.2 Identification of the Revenue Base for the First Five (5) Years of the Plan ................................. 140

4.1.2.1 Locally Generated Revenue .................................................................................................. 140

4.1.3 Local Authority’s Financial Plan ................................................................................................... 141 4.1.3.1 Resource Mobilization Strategies for Five (05) to Ten (10) Years......................................... 141 4.2 Programmes for the Implementation of Objectives and Strategies ................................................... 143

5.0 Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, Including Key Performance Indicators ..................................... 164 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................. 193 16 | P a g e LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Key Performance Indicators in Forestry Sector............................................................................. 34 Table 2: Existing and Proposed Development Programs in Forestry Sector .............................................. 36 Table 3: Existing Trends in Forestry Sector ................................................................................................. 36 Table 4: Climate Change Analysis in Forestry Sector .................................................................................. 36 Table 5: Available Services in National Parks & Wildlife Sector ................................................................. 37 Table 6: Key Performance Indicators in National Parks & Wildlife Sector.................................................. 38 Table 7: Existing and Proposed Investments in DNPW ............................................................................... 39 Table 8: Existing Trends in DNPW ............................................................................................................... 40 Table 9: Climate Change Analysis in DNPW ................................................................................................ 41 Table 10: Staffing Levels in Schools ............................................................................................................ 44 Table 11: Enrollment Levels in Schools ....................................................................................................... 44 Table 12: Key Performance Indicators in Education Sector ........................................................................ 46 Table 13: Available Services in Health Sector ............................................................................................. 53 Table 14: Catchment Population in Health Facilities .................................................................................. 54 Table 15: Distribution of Health Workers in Facilities ................................................................................ 56 Table 16: Key Performance Indicators in Health ........................................................................................ 56 Table 17: Core Problems in Health Sector .................................................................................................. 61 Table 18: Key Performance Indicators in Community Development ......................................................... 62 Table 19: Key Performance Indicators in Social Welfare ............................................................................ 66 Table 20: Water Points in Rural Areas ........................................................................................................ 70 Table 21: Existing Dams .............................................................................................................................. 71 Table 22: Sanitary Facilities in Households ................................................................................................. 72 Table 23: Key Performance Indicators in Water & Sanitation .................................................................... 73 Table 24: Type of Solid Waste in the District .............................................................................................. 80 Table 25: Key Performance Indicators in Waste Management .................................................................. 80 Table 26: Government Priorities Implemented in Agricultural Sector ....................................................... 83 Table 27: Crop Production Estimates in the District (2016-2020) .............................................................. 85 Table 28: FRA Maize Purchases (2020/2021 - 2021/2022 Seasons) ........................................................... 87 Table 29: Agricultural Cooperatives in the District ..................................................................................... 87 Table 30: Population with Access to Agricultural Services ......................................................................... 88 Table 31: Key Performance Indicators in Agricultural Sector ..................................................................... 89 Table 32: Existing and Proposed Developments in Agricultural Sector ...................................................... 90 Table 33: Estimates of Livestock Population 2020-2022 ............................................................................ 93 Table 34: Livestock Extension Services ....................................................................................................... 97 Table 35: Livestock Infrastructure .............................................................................................................. 99 Table 36: Key Performance Indicators in Fisheries & Livestock.................................................................. 99 Table 37: Existing and Proposed Investments in Fisheries & Livestock .................................................... 101 Table 38: Tourism Products in the District................................................................................................ 103 Table 39: Feeder Roads ............................................................................................................................. 107 Table 40: Existing Bridges ......................................................................................................................... 108 17 | P a g e Table 41: Key Performance Indicators in Roads Sector ............................................................................ 109 Table 42: Core Problems for Entire PSIR ................................................................................................... 124 Table 43: Revenue Collection Efficiency of the Council (201-2023) ......................................................... 137 Table 44: Revenue Projection for First 5 Years of the Plan....................................................................... 140 Table 45: Programmes for Implementation of Objectives & Strategies ................................................... 143 Table 46: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan................................................................................................ 164 18 | P a g e LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Itezhi-Tezhi District ................................................................................................... 22 Figure 2: District Land Cover ....................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 3: District Population Size ................................................................................................................ 26 Figure 4: Population Distribution in Wards ................................................................................................ 27 Figure 5: District Population by Geography ................................................................................................ 28 Figure 6: District Fertility Rates ................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 7: Projected Population Size (2022-2031) ....................................................................................... 29 Figure 8: Population Disaggregated According to Sex ................................................................................ 30 Figure 9: Projected Population by Age Groups ........................................................................................... 30 Figure 10: District Forest Reserves ............................................................................................................. 33 Figure 11: Schools in Itezhi-Tezhi District ................................................................................................... 43 Figure 12: Health Facilities in the District ................................................................................................... 55 Figure 13: Agricultural Camps ..................................................................................................................... 85 Figure 14: Babizhi Rangeland ...................................................................................................................... 95 Figure 15: Lake Itezhi-Tezhi Fisheries ......................................................................................................... 96 Figure 16: Veterinary Camps....................................................................................................................... 98 Figure 17: Development Scenario One ..................................................................................................... 130 Figure 18: Development Scenario Two ..................................................................................................... 132 19 | P a g e ABBREVIATIONS/ ACRONYMS 8NDP - 8th NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CBD - CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT CSO - CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE COMACO - COMMUNITY MARKETS & CONSERVATION CDF - CONSTITUENCY DEVELOPMENT FUND CA - CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE DDCC - DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE ECE - EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION GMA - GAME MANAGEMENT AREA GBV - GENDER BASED VIOLENCE FRA - FOOD RESERVE AGENCY FISP - FARMER INPUT SUPPORT PROGRAM ITPC - ITEZHI TEZHI POWER CORPORATION KGS - KEEPING GIRLS IN SCHOOL LEAS - LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES PSIR - PLANNING SURVEY & ISSUES REPORT PHC - PRIMARY HEALTH CARE REA - RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AUTHORITY NHSP - NATIONAL HEALTH STRATEGIC PLAN SCT - SOCIAL CASH TRANSFER SWL - SUPPORTING WOMEN LIVELIHOODS SWSC - SOUTHERN WATER & SEWERAGE COMPANY WDC - WARD DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE ZAMSTATS - ZAMBIA STATISTICS AGENCY ZEEP - ZAMBIA EDUCATION ENHANCEMENT PROJECT ZESCO - ZAMBIA ELECTRICITY SUPPLY CORPORATION ZIMS - ZAMBIA DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION SYSTEM 20 | P a g e PART ONE - INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.0 INTRODUCTION The Urban and Regional Planning Act No. 3 of 2015 of the Laws of Zambia requires that all districts in Zambia formulate Integrated Development Plans (IDP) to serve as guiding documents in the socio-economic and spatial planning processes for areas under their jurisdiction. The Integrated Development Plan (IDP) is a legislative requirement that has the legal status to supersede all other existing plans that guide development in a district. Section nineteen (19), under part three (3) of the Act, stipulates that a planning authority shall prepare an Integrated Development Plan (IDP) for its area. It further states that, an integrated development plan shall be the principal planning instrument to guide and inform all planning decisions and development in the area of the local authority. This implies that each local authority must prepare its own IDP to guide development planning and management for a period of ten (10) years which should be reviewed every five (5) years. Itezhi -Tezhi Town Council resolved on 17Th March 2023 under Minute Number PWDAENR/48/03/2 to develop the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) to address the needs of Itezhi-Tezhi residents for the period 2023 - 2033, in accordance with Section 19 (1) of the Urban and Regional Planning Act No. 3 of 2015. This document is divided into four sections. The first section focuses on the district’s history, geographical location, physical characteristics and district governance structures. The second section summarizes the key issues identified in the Planning Survey and Issues Report by government departments and local communities. The third section presents the District Development Framework, including goals, objectives and strategies to solve key issues identified in the planning survey. The fourth section presents the Implementation Plan, which includes the Capital Investment Program, Financial Report and Monitoring & Evaluation Plan.

1.1 DESCRIPTION OF IDP AREA (DISTRICT HISTORY) According to oral tradition, the word Itezhi -Tezhi is the Italian version of the actual local Ila name Itezhyitezhyi that the dam contractors found difficult to pronounce. The name simply means "slippery place," and a stone known as Kabwe-Syiilaanza on the dam's right embankment which was last blasted after some rituals organised by Italians led by a local headman known as Kali. Many cattle and human lives were lost prior to the dam wall's construction, as anyone who attempted to approach the slick stone was dragged away by the swerving current. It was 21 | P a g e believed that two spiritual snakes lived beneath the mountain and had a cave stretching to the river where the victims who could not be found were taken. According to local belief, the appearance of hot springs was caused by the annoyance of the same spirits who were disturbed by dam construction. Itezhi-Tezhi District is a former sub-center of Namwala District. Due to increased social and economic activities in the area, the Government of the Republic of Zambia decided to elevate it to District status in September 1997, establishing it as a District Council under Statutory Instrument No. 127 of 1997. According to the Zambia Statistics Agency (Zamstats, 2022) the district has a population of 130,216 with an annual growth rate of 4.7 % giving a population density of 8.2 persons per square kilometer. Generally, Itezhi-Tezhi population is predominantly rural.

1.2.1 Geographical Location Itezhi-Tezhi is one of the fifteen districts in the Southern Province of Zambia. It is situated 26º south and 15 ° east of Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia. It is located in the north-western part of the province and lies approximately 175 km south of Mumbwa and 62 Km west of Namwala District across the Kafue River on the North Bank. Itezhi-Tezhi shares borders with the following districts: Mumbwa in the north, Nkeyema in the west, Kalomo to the south, Kazungula to the southwest, Namwala and Mazabuka in the east. Itezhi-Tezhi has a total land area of about 15,790 km². Figure 1: Location of Itezhi-Tezhi District (Source, Itezhi Tezhi Town Council, 2024) 22 | P a g e

1.2.2 General Physical Characteristics of the District Climate The district has a tropical climate due to the high altitudes of the East African Plateau. The temperatures range from 9º C in the cold season and 36º C in the hot dry season while the average mean rainfall is 40mm making the climate quite favorable for agriculture. Topography The flood plains through which the Kafue River passes covers approximately 60% of the district. This plain commonly known as the Kafue Flats, floods every year rendering most of the roads virtually impassable for a period of over four months. The remaining 40% is highland covered by dense forests. Part of the forest is designated as the Kafue National Park. Hydrology The Kafue River is the largest river in the district from which the man-made lake Itezhi-Tezhi emanates as a result of a ZESCO dam that was constructed across the Kafue River in 1977. The lake serves as a reservoir for the generation of electricity at Kafue Gorge and Itezhi Tezhi dam. In addition, it offers a livelihood to the local people through fishing and tourism. The Kafue River has four (4) main tributaries namely; Nanzhila, Nkala, Luubwe and Kasaka which dry up during the dry season. Vegetation The vegetation cover can be divided into (2) ecological zones; • The Barotse influence of the sandy soil - These soils are covered with Miombo woodlands which are as a result of the proximity of the district to Western province, particularly Nkeyema district. • The low valleys with alluvial clay soil - These soils are covered with the acacias and short grass on the highlands with hippo grass in the plains. 23 | P a g e Figure 2: District Land Cover (Source, IDP Team, 2023) Figure 2 above shows the land cover in the district. Parts of the district lie in the National Park while other parts are in the GMA and wetlands (flood plains) making access difficult in the rainy season.

1.2.3 Governance and Administration Itezhi-Tezhi is the second largest district in the province made up of one constituency that is governed both traditionally and democratically. Traditionally the district is made up of six (6) chiefdoms namely: Shezongo, Musungwa, Chikaza Munyama, Kaingu and Chilyabufu which are led by Chiefs and Muwezwa which is led by a Chieftainess. The democratic system is that of the Local Authority (Council) which operates in accordance with the local government ACT of 2019. The council’s delegation is that of local governance and service delivery that utilizes a decentralized governance system which emphasizes a bottom-up approach in that the local people guide and manage the affairs of the district. It is set up in two (2) structures; 1. Administrative section: This section is headed by the Council Secretary who is the principal officer and coordinates functions of all the departments inclusive of all devolved departments. 24 | P a g e 2. Policy formulation section: This section is made up of elected representatives headed by the Council Chairperson, Councilors in the 15 wards and three (3) chiefs, who are set up in committees. At ward level, the Local Authority is broken down to Ward Development Committees (WDCs). WDCs comprise of the following members; an elected zonal representative from each zone; an extension officer from the department of agriculture, fisheries & livestock or economic sectors (appointed based on the economic activity predominant in the ward) – ex-officio; extension officers from the departments of education, health, community development – ex-officio; a representative from a local NGO in the ward; a representative of persons with disabilities; a representative of chief/s in the ward; Ward councilor; a trustee from the Local authority; a youth, sports and recreation focal point person – ex-officio; and a gender focal point person. WDC structures participate in the district development process through periodic meetings held in their respective Wards in which they identify development challenges and prioritize projects to be implemented in the Ward. Furthermore, the district also comprises a multi-sectorial team known as the District Development Coordinating Committee (DDCC) that consists of heads of government departments to guide the district developmental agenda as outlined in the Urban and Regional Planning Act (2015).

1.2 METHODOLOGY The methodology for collecting data and formulating the Planning Survey and Issues Report (PSIR) is as provided for under section seventeen (17) of the Urban and Regional Planning Act through a set of guidelines issued by the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. The steps for formulating the Planning Issues and Survey Report include; review of existing plans, policies and strategies, review of empirical and spatial data for sectors and cross cutting thematic areas; demographic analysis; population projections; summary of consultation with stakeholder organizations; summary of community consultations; collection of missing spatial data and new data; assessment of future demand for services; assessment of the quality of service provision; spatial analysis; cross cutting analysis – climate change vulnerability assessment; and drafting of the PSIR. The main source of data during consultations were Community representatives serving in Ward Development Committees (WDCs), District Development Coordinating Committees (DDCCs), Traditional leaders, Business association and Sector ministries as well as Civil Society Organizations. 25 | P a g e PART TWO - PLANNING SURVEY AND ISSUES REPORT The Planning Survey and Issues Report establish the key issues that define the current situation and problem context for Itezhi-Tezhi District. This section is divided into three main parts. The first part discusses the demographic analysis and population projections while the second part provides the review of empirical and spatial data outlined according to key thematic areas and brief outline of the community and stakeholder consultative procedure and key community messages.

2.0 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

2.0.1 Population and Population Growth Itezhi-Tezhi district has a population of 130,216 with an annual growth rate of 5.5 % (Zamstats, 2022). The Population of the district has seen a significant increase of 90% from 68599 in 2010 to 130,216 in 2022. Of the total population, 65, 522 representing 50.3% are female while 64, 694 representing 49.7% are male. Figure 3: District Population Size (Zamstats, 2022) The district has a surface area of approximately 15,790.80 sq. km, giving a population density of 8.2 persons per square kilometer. 26 | P a g e The population of the district is spread out into 15 wards. Of the 15 wards, Masemu has the highest population with 16, 937 people representing 13% of the total population while Kabulungwe ward has the least with 2, 531 people representing 2% of the total population. Figure 4: Population Distribution in Wards % OF POPULATION BY WARDS 13.0 10.3 9.1 9.0 8.2 7.4 6.8 6.0 5.8 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.6 2.4 1.9 (Source, Itezhi-tezhi Town Council, 2024) The population allocation by wards illustrated by the chart above, shows that Masemu ward has the highest population due to its urban setup and availability of social services while Kabulungwe has the least due to its locality which is mostly an island with few social services. The rest of the population allocation by wards are as follows; Kaanzwa (13, 468: 10%), Itumbi (11, 878: 9%), Mbila (11, 749: 9%), Basanga (10,691: 8%), Luubwe (9, 597: 7%), Luchena (8, 809: 7%), Shambala (7, 831: 6%), Itezhi Tezhi (7, 573: 6%), Banamwaze (6, 891: 5%), Makunku (6, 744: 5%), Lubanda (6, 307: 5%), Babizhi (6, 040: 5%), and Nyambo (3, 170: 2%).

2.0.2 Population Characteristics Generally, Itezhi-tezhi’s population is predominantly rural. The urban population is only about 19 percent of the total district population. Despite the majority of the population being in rural areas, the level of development in these parts is low. The rural areas still lack major services such as electricity, roads, communication, water and sanitation meant to improve living standards. 27 | P a g e Figure 5: District Population by Geography DISTRICT POPULATION BY GEOGRAPHY 19% URBAN RURAL 81% (Source, Itezhi-Tezhi Town Council, 2023) Fertility and mortality trends The fertility trends of the district from 2015 – 2035 show a decline in fertility rates. This decline is attributed to more people accessing family planning services in the district. The decline in the fertility rate is projected to continue through to 2035 due to the continued provision of family planning services and public education. The figure below shows the total fertility rate trend from 2015 – 2035. Figure 6: District Fertility Rates (Source, District Health Office, 2022) Female reproductive age (15-49 years) The female population in the age bracket of 15-49 constitutes the reproductive age. This population is expected to increase from 32,171 in 2020 to 50,998 by 2035 (CSO, 2010). This increase requires continued investments towards strengthening reproductive and maternal health facilities. This will ensure that all pregnant mothers are attended to by skilled health care providers to reduce maternal mortality rate. Population distribution 28 | P a g e The geographical nature of the district has greatly influenced the population distribution of the district. Most of the people have resorted to settle along the Kafue River or around Lake Itezhi- Tezhi for economic purposes mainly fishing; some have settled in the urban area for formal employment and trading. Recently people have started migrating from the line of rail to the Game Management Area (GMA), opening up for increased agricultural production. The rest of the population is scattered all over the plain for purposes of cattle rearing posing a big problem in delivering services.

2.0.3 Projected Population and Likely Characteristics Population projections are important for an integrated development plan. Furthermore, Information on the future size and composition of the population is important to consider, so as to plan effectively for various programs and services meant to promote a sustainable life for the complex population. The information provided below shows the population projections, according to Central Statistics Office (2013) Population and demographic projections, from 2022 to 2031. The projections include future size and composition of the population. Figure 7: Projected Population Size (2022-2031) (Source, Itezhi Tezhi Town Council, 2023) Figure 7 above shows the projected population for the period 2022-2031. From the projected populations above, it is clear that over the next 10 years the population of the district will increase. The increased population will see a rise in demand for social services such as land, education, health, transport, communication, water and sanitation. 29 | P a g e Figure 8: Population Disaggregated According to Sex (Source, Itezhi-Tezhi Town Council, 2023) The population over the period of the IDP was further broken down to show the composition of both males and females’ overtime. The projected population indicates that the female population in the district will be higher than the male population. The continued rise in female population will likely see a rise in fish trading and agriculture. The increased population will require more initiatives meant to promote women involvement in development activities so that gender disparities are reduced. Figure 9: Projected Population by Age Groups (Source, Itezhi-Tezhi Town Council, 2023) 30 | P a g e The charts above show the percentages of different age groups of the population in 2025 and 2030. The percentage of adolescents in the population is higher while the percentage of the elderly in the population is the lowest. The projected composition of the population indicates a high percentage of adolescents and youths. People under the age of 19 constitute a high proportion of the total population. The high population percentage of adolescents and youths will see an increase in the dependence ratio because the proportion of youths to economically active adults is high. The high proportion of youths may as well see an increase in drug abuse, theft and other illicit activities. The rise in such vices can be attributed to lack of playgrounds/parks, skills centers, empowerments and recreation activities which are meant to keep adolescents and youth engaged in productive activities. 0n the other hand, a high proportion of a youthful population is necessary to provide labor in activities such as agriculture, fishing, and entrepreneurship. The population of the older generation is lower than that of the youths and adolescents. The lower proportion of the older population indicates a high adult mortality rate. The elders are likely to be neglected due to lack of family care and shelters for the aged and the limited resources meant for social cash transfer which is meant to assist the aged who may not have an active source of income.

2.0.4 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Spatial Development Patterns With the continued increase in population, the land use will be more focused around fishing areas, GMAs and the plains mostly because of the economic benefits associated with these areas. Fishing being one of the major sources of livelihood in the district, more people will continue to settle along the Kafue River and Lake Itezhi-Tezhi for fishing activities. The fishing industry in the district attracts a lot of locals and has also resulted in high migration as more people are coming to the district to engage in the fishing business. The population around the Kafue River and Lake Itezhi-Tezhi will continue to grow leading to more land use in terms of creating space for settlements (houses) and services such as structures like schools and clinics. The continuous rise of people involved in fishing has seen a reduction in catches in the recent past. The continuous increase in population will see an increase in the number of settlers in the Game Management Areas (GMAs) mainly because of agricultural purposes. The increase in settlements in the GMAs will see a continued increase in the clearing of forests for agriculture purposes and houses. 31 | P a g e The land in the plains will increasingly be used as grazing lands due to the good pastures there. The district will see an increase in cattle rearing due to good pastures in the plains and more people will continue to settle around the plains. SECTORIAL AND THEMATIC AREA ANALYSIS The formulation of the District Integrated Development Plan is guided by the 8 th National Development Plan which is the current national development document. The sectorial analysis was done in line with the current 4 pillars of the 8NDP which include Environmental sustainability, Human & Social Development, Economic Transformation & Job Creation and Good Governance Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

2.1 FORESTRY

2.1.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level The key priorities for the sector being implemented are to ensure sustainable flow of woody and non-wood forestry products whilst protecting and maintaining of biodiversity for the benefit of the present and future generations through active participation of all stakeholders as contained in the 8th National Development Plan (8NDP) and vision 2023. To achieve this, the sector is mandated to carry out the following programs in the district in line with Forest Act no. 4 of 2015; 1. Forest Protection and Management – is done by carrying out forest blitz patrols in order to check on the status of forestry reserves and illegal trafficking of forest produce. 2. Forest Plantation Establishment & Management (Afforestation & Reforestation) – is done by carrying out tree nursery activities and distribution of tree seedlings at district nurseries. 3. Forest Extension & Delivery Services – is done to increase awareness levels on the importance of forestry management and sustainable utilization of forestry resources by local communities and other stakeholders in the district. 4. Revenue Collection – is done through insurance of forestry permits to collect non-taxable government revenue to supplement on government efforts towards service delivery. 5. Planning and Administration – is done in view of enhancing the performance of forestry staff and coordination of forestry programs in the district. 32 | P a g e

2.1.2 Description of the Existing State of Development There are two Forestry reserves in the district namely; i. ILA National Forest no. P40: The forest has a total of 44,881.23 hectares located in the South Eastern part of the district which is 50 Km from the CBD under Musungwa chiefdom. The forest is shared and co-managed by Itezhi Tezhi and Namwala district. About 60% of the forest is encroached with human settlements which have resulted in depletion of forest cover and loss of biodiversity. This depletion is due to increased levels of illegal cutting of tress for timber and construction purposes. In addition, a health post and some community schools have been built in the forest reserve contrary to the Forest Act no. 4 of 2015. ii. Sikaleta Local Forest no. P217: The forest has a total of 12,348.5 hectares located in the Southern part of the district which is 80Km from the CBD under Shezongo chiefdom. This forest reserve is heavily encroached with human settlements. Crop farming is practiced in the forest reserve by illegal settlers for consumption and selling for income generation. Illegal cutting of trees for timber and construction purposes is also taking place inside the reserve. Figure 10: District Forest Reserves (Source, IDP Team, 2024) 33 | P a g e

2.1.2.1 Availability of Service The forestry department in the district offers a number of services such as; • Forest protection and Management The department offers conservative management practices in protected areas, customary and local authority land. This is done by carrying out Forestry Protection and Management activities like Forestry Blitz Patrols to check on the status of forests and illegal trafficking of forestry produce in the district as well as carrying out forestry policy management meetings in all six chiefdoms namely; Kaingu, Chikaza Munyama, Chilyabufu, Muwezwa, Musungwa and Shezongo chiefdoms. • Issuance of forestry permits (Revenue collection) The district office is involved in issuance of forestry permits on non-taxable revenues on all forestry products in open, state and customary land as a management tool. • Forestry extension services The department is involved in offering forestry extension services whose objectives are to create awareness on sustainable management and utilization of natural resources in the district and enhance the participation of local communities and other stakeholders towards forestry related programs. The department has involved local communities jointly with Community markets and conservation (COMACO) to form Community Forestry management Groups and identify Community Forestry Management Areas where they will manage their own natural resources in order to benefit from timber, construction poles, fire wood, beekeeping, collection of mushrooms, caterpillars, wild fruits, herbal medicine, wild tubers and also be involved in carbon trading to sustain their livelihoods.

2.1.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators Table 1: Key Performance Indicators in Forestry Sector Thematic Area Sector Service Key Performance IDP Baseline Comment Indicator Target Environmental Forestry Forestry Increased number of 100% 0.28% Long Sustainability Extension & seedlings planted distances Service and nurseries in the to planting delivery district sites Forestry Increased hectare 90% 0% Inadequate Protection & of degraded land logistical Management restored support and transport 34 | P a g e Improved levels of 100% 0.4% compliance Increased number of 100% 3.2% Need for forestry permits transport issued and other operational resources Forestry • Increased 100% 1.9% Not Extension & compliance effectively Service levels done due Delivery • Increased to long number of distances people and non- responding availability • Number of of transport information and other dissemination logistical systems and support channels increased Forestry • Number of 100% 6.7% Inadequate Extension and people’s operational Service livelihoods resources Delivery improved including • Reduced transport to levels of visit distant deforestation places

2.1.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.1.3.1 Availability of Service Communities in wards like Itezhi Tezhi, Masemu, Shambala and Luchena have forestry services available such as awareness programs on resource management and tree planting supported by COMACO. However, most wards reported that they were unaware of the forestry services provided.

2.1.3.2 Quality of Service According to the community, the services provided are inadequate as some wards like Mbila reported a lot of illegal tree cutting. Most wards mentioned that the quality of service is inadequate as most community members lacked sensitization and awareness on department programs including resource management or tree planting activities. Due to lack of awareness, communities do not engage the department for forestry services. 35 | P a g e

2.1.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.1.4.1 Population Changes – Future Demand for Services and Facilities The continued Population increase in the district will lead to: ● High encroachment levels in protected forestry areas. ● Increased demand on use of forestry resources. ● Depletion of vegetation leading to deforestation and land degradation. ● Loss of biodiversity.

2.1.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programs Table 2: Existing and Proposed Development Programs in Forestry Sector Existing Development Programs 1 National Forest 1 Local Forest Six groups from various wards involved in beekeeping One group involved in tree/fruit nursery

2.1.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns Table 3: Existing Trends in Forestry Sector Year Charcoal Cords Charcoal Timber Timber Confiscated Amount Produced Bags Production Conveyed Timber Collected Conveyed 2021 404 Cords 4,371 Bags 81 M3 58 M3 44 M3 K310,652 2020 122 Cords 3,011 Bags 97 M3 155 M3 142 M3 K226,136 2019 39.33 Cords 1, 441 Bags 56 M3 14 M3 0 K62,092.5 2018 75 Cords 3,603 Bags 10 M3 0.6 M3 0 K116,991.5 2017 63.2 Cords 1,385 Bags 0.1 M3 0 0 K117,355.5 From table 3 above, it clearly shows that the continued trends will see a continuous increase in clearing of forests every year due to charcoal production which is one of the major economic activities in the district resulting in the loss of forestry cover.

2.1.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis A number of economic and social activities are impacting the environment and contributing to climate change as shown in table 4 below; Table 4: Climate Change Analysis in Forestry Sector Existing trend Impact on the environment and climate change Un sustainable charcoal production Emission of Greenhouse Gases, loss of biodiversity, loss of vegetation cover Illegal Timber production Emission of Carbon contributing to the 36 | P a g e Greenhouse gases and loss of vegetation cover Population increase Increased water/Air pollutants, clearing of forests Un sustainable Agricultural practices Emission of soil Carbon and other Greenhouse Gases and loss of vegetation cover

2.1.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups The major forestry activities like timber and charcoal production disadvantages women and vulnerable groups due to the distance to forestry areas and hard labor involved in production which mainly favors men.

2.1.8 Core Problems in Forestry Sector ● Lack of adequate office space to accommodate forestry staff and storage of confiscated forestry produce ● Lack of motorized transport to reach distant areas in the district ● Inadequate and un-timely funding towards forestry programs

2.2 NATIONAL PARKS & WILDLIFE

2.2.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level • Protect species of wild fauna and flora. • Promote tourism-related infrastructure. • Promote diversification of tourism products. • Promote tourism source market segmentation. • Promote domestic tourism. • Manage human-wildlife conflict

2.2.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.2.2.1 Availability of Service Table 5: Available Services in National Parks & Wildlife Sector LOCATION SERVICES PROVIDED COMMENT Kafue National Park Provide management roads, access and Management roads – 273 Km game viewing loops and Fire breaks Access roads – 219 Km Game viewing loops – 379 Km 37 | P a g e Firebreaks – 256 Km Itezhi-Tezhi district Management of human wildlife conflict Given the extent of the national park and GMAs in the (HWC) district, HWC widely exists and threatens food security in the district Itezhi-Tezhi district Protection of wildlife and fisheries 90% of Lake Itezhi-Tezhi and parts of the Kafue River are resources to enhance economic growth in Kafue National Park in the district Chiefdoms Corporate social responsibility from The Constructions are done using proceeds from game management area proceeds is hunting in Namwala and Nkala Game Management used to provide services in the Areas in Chilyabufu, Chikaza, Kaingu, Shezongo and community to construct Classroom Musungwa chiefdoms. blocks, Clinic and Staff houses.

2.2.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators Table 6: Key Performance Indicators in National Parks & Wildlife Sector Thematic Area Sector Service Key IDP Target Baseline Comment Performance Indicator Environmental National Transport Roads graded 100% 50-60% More investment is required Sustainability parks & to improve road network wildlife Environmental National Animal Control Human – 100% 80-90% Department attends to all Sustainability parks & Wildlife reports of human – wildlife wildlife conflicts conflicts resolved Environmental National Animal Wildlife 100% 62.5% Wildlife protection services Sustainability parks & Protection population are inadequate due to lack wildlife of human resource, transport and equipment to secure wildlife resources in Kafue National Park, Namwala and Nkala Game Management Areas Environmental National Tourism Tourist 100% 80% Tourism services are Sustainability parks & numbers inadequate due to poor wildlife road networks and tourist facilities 38 | P a g e

2.2.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.2.3.1 Availability of Service From community engagements, the majority of communities mentioned that some of the services by the department were available such as conservation of wildlife, employment of scouts, work with resource boards and supporting of infrastructure development like constructions of schools.

2.2.3.2 Quality of Service Community members cited that the services provided were inadequate especially with regards to the department dealing with human animal conflicts. Wards such as Mbila, Kabulungwe, Itumbi, Kaanzwa and Babizhi mentioned that the response of the department is at times poor and they do not provide compensation for losses incurred due to animal conflicts.

2.2.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.2.4.1 Population Changes – Future Demand for Services and Facilities ● There will be a need for additional effort in human wildlife conflict management. This will result from expansion of settlements towards and in conservation zones of the Game Management Areas. ● Demand for wildlife and related products, such as game meat, construction materials will likewise increase.

2.2.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programs Table 7: Existing and Proposed Investments in DNPW S/no Existing 1 1,127 Km of management and access roads; firebreaks and game viewing loops in Kafue National Park 2 11 tourist facilities, i.e. Photographic and consumptive tourism facilities in Kafue National Park and the Game Management Areas 3 Limited tourism products

2.2.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns ● An increase of the population size will increase the demand for agricultural and settlement land possibly in protected areas. This will in turn increase the prevalence of 39 | P a g e human wildlife conflict and ultimately reduce the capacity of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife to effectively and efficiently manage conflict. ● An increase in population size would translate into expansion of settlements and encroachments in national parks. This would compromise the quantity and quality of wildlife. ● An increased population size in GMAs and around protected areas would exacerbate illegal off-take of wildlife resources and other illegalities such as habitat fragmentation and unplanned bush fires. This would adversely affect the integrity of the ecosystem and hugely affect the tourism industry. ● The increased expansion of settlements in protected areas will pose a challenge in management of the protected areas.

2.2.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.2.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change Table 8: Existing Trends in DNPW S/no Existing trend Impact on the environment and climate change 1 Unplanned settlements in GMAs ● Destruction of wildlife habitats ● Loss of soil fertility ● Reduction of carbon sequestration abilities for forests/trees ● Disturbance of the rainfall pattern 2 Land clearing for agriculture ● Destruction of wildlife habitats ● Loss of soil fertility ● Reduction of carbon sequestration abilities for forests/trees ● Disturbance of the rainfall pattern 3 Unplanned bush fires ● Emission of greenhouse gases ● Destruction of wildlife habitats ● Destruction of wild animals 4 Illegal off take of wildlife/fish ● Disturbance of wildlife/fish population. This disturbs their resources viability 5 Illegal timber harvesting/Charcoal ● Emission of greenhouse gases 40 | P a g e burning ● Destruction of wildlife habitats ● Loss of soil fertility ● Reduction of carbon sequestration abilities for forests/trees ● Disturbance of the rainfall pattern

2.2.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector Table 9: Climate Change Analysis in DNPW S/no Environmental and Climate Impact Change Issues 1 Climate change Huge variability of temperature and rainfall adversely affects wildlife and the tourism industry. For instance, droughts and floods lead to mortality and displacement of wildlife. Production of foliage is also adversely affected by extreme weather. Road infrastructure is destroyed by excessive rains and this negatively affects the tourism industry 2 Habitat destruction and This negatively affects wildlife populations and most of the life fragmentation support systems such as food and water are destroyed 3 Environmental pollution This affects the health of the habitat and wildlife/fish resources

2.2.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups Women and vulnerable groups are prone to wildlife animal attacks while attending to their domestic activities like cultivating their fields, taking care of their domestic animals and house chores. Men equally are prone to wildlife attacks mainly when they camp for long periods (months) in the park for fishing activities and other income activities.

2.2.8 Core Problems in National Parks & Wildlife Sector • Encroachment: settlement of people up to the park boundary is accelerating and leading to unsustainable natural resource extraction, encroachment into commercial hunting areas, expansion of low agricultural production, soil erosion, damaging bush fires and widespread depletion of natural resources. • Infrastructure: Poor Infrastructure maintenance particularly DNPW staff housing, transport, Wildlife outposts, tourist facilities, roads, loops and signage. 41 | P a g e • Lake Itezhi-Tezhi: Lake Itezhi-Tezhi with its unmarked boundary between the Park, GMA and Open Area, provides a conduit for illegal entry and illegal activities thereby hindering tourism and artisanal fishing. • Poaching: Rampant illegal off take of wildlife, fish, non-wood forest products and timber resources in the park and the surrounding GMAs. HUMAN & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

2.3 EDUCATION

2.3.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level Education plays an important role in someone’s life, society and in development. For any society to develop, education plays a part. The sector in the district is striving hard to have people be educated for them to later develop the area and nation as a whole. With education and development of skills, these are very key in building communities that are better able to respond to the challenges of social and economic development which they face. The sector in the district provides for Early childhood education (ECE), Primary education from Grades 1-7 and Secondary education from Grades 8 - 12. It also provides for the Provision of Open and Distance Learning level system (ODL). The sector is guided by the Education act of 2011, Education for all policy, District Strategic Plans (2020-2023), Educating our future policy, Education implementation plan, Vision 2030 and the 8th National Development plan. The sector will continue to support the development of human capacities, through interventions in education and skills development, health and nutrition, water and sanitation and reducing poverty, inequalities and vulnerability. The sector is implementing various strategies in the district, these include but are not limited to; Home Grown School Meals As a strategy to improve learner attendance in schools and return them back, the government has introduced school feeding programs in primary schools. This is a program of giving meals to learners once a day. It is aimed at improving food security, improving nutrition for learners and arresting attrition to supplement maize given. Keeping Girls in Schools Project (KGS) 42 | P a g e The Keeping Girls in School project is an equity empowerment tool aimed at enhancing girl’s acquisition of life skills in the education sector. It provides for bursary support for girls in secondary school. These girls are drawn from households that are on the social cash transfer program.

2.3.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.3.2.1 Availability of Service The district has a total of 118 schools out of which 6 are secondary schools. One of the 6 secondary schools is a boarding school. There are 82 primary schools which are government schools and 21 community schools. In addition to government schools, the district has 9 private schools broken down as 1 secondary school and 8 primary schools. The sector does not have a higher institution of learning in the district. The sector has the following number of schools with certain services available such as schools connected to the national grid are 16, schools with boreholes are 16, 57 schools have hand pumps, 3 schools with wells and 24 schools have no source of water. Figure 11: Schools in Itezhi-Tezhi District (Source, Itezhi-Tezhi Council, 2024) 43 | P a g e The district has a total of 923 teaching staff spread out in the various school categories as shown in table 10 below; Table 10: Staffing Levels in Schools CATEGORY MALE FEMALE ECE Teachers 10 15 Primary School Teachers 210 214 Secondary School Teachers 261 207 Special Needs Teachers 1 5 (Source, DEBO, 2024) The district has a pupil enrolment of 46,084 pupils, segmented as 22,474 boys and 23,610 girls against 303 classroom spaces. Table 11 below shows the enrollment of pupils from 2022 - 2024. Table 11: Enrollment Levels in Schools GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS 2022 2023 2024 LEVEL Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Special 12 23 35 20 19 39 31 28 59 ECE 1222 1256 2478 1548 1565 3113 1837 1827 3664 Primary 12761 12774 25535 15079 15493 30572 14851 15228 30079 Secondary 2149 2315 4464 2980 3489 6469 2846 3028 5874 Sub-Total 16144 16368 32512 19627 20566 40193 19565 20111 39676 COMMUNITY SCHOOLS 2022 2023 2024 LEVEL Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ECE 45 60 105 385 440 825 392 444 836 Primary 414 417 831 1441 1526 2967 1490 1589 3079 Secondary 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sub-Total 459 477 936 1826 1966 3792 1882 2033 3915 PRIVATE SCHOOLS 2022 2023 2024 LEVEL Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Special 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ECE 179 165 344 160 200 360 225 273 498 44 | P a g e Primary 448 480 928 479 545 1024 492 559 1051 Secondary 20 32 52 144 133 277 144 133 277 Sub-Total 647 677 1324 783 878 1661 861 965 1826 ODL 166 501 667 GRAND TOTAL 17250 17522 34772 22236 23410 45646 22474 23610 46084 (Source, DEBO, 2024) The table shows the enrolment of the district from 2022 to 2024. A significant change in enrolment can be seen in the years mentioned and this can be mainly attributed to the introduction of the free education policy and the introduction of boarding fee bursaries for the period beginning 2022.

2.3.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators The district has a total of 308 classrooms broken down as 267 for Primary and 41 for Secondary against a total district enrolment of 46, 084 pupils resulting in a deficit of 535 classrooms. The teacher-pupil ratio at ECE, Primary, Secondary and special Education is at 1:186, 1:68, 1:12 and 1:7 respectively and a total of 923 teachers broken down by gender as male (482) and female (441) and 28 members of staff at the District Education Board Secretary’s office. The teacher-pupil ratios for ECE, Primary and Secondary pose a significant problem to the education sector as teachers have to teach and monitor numbers of pupils that are high which compromises the quality of education. If this will not be checked by the constant recruitment of teacher’s, the sector will be negatively affected. The classroom-pupil ratio of the district for ECE-Primary and Secondary is at 1:113 and 1:142 respectively against the national standard of 1:45. These ratios as seen are high and have put pressure on the available classroom space. The district has 5 Grade 12 centers, 38 Grade 9 Centers and 62 Grade 7 Centers. The 2023 examination performance saw a progression rate of 61.58% out of 3,482 candidates at Grade 7. At grade 9, the progression rate was 35.2% out of 2,310 candidates and Grade 12 had a progression rate of 37.79% out of 431 candidates. The district is also currently implementing the keeping girls in school (KGS) which begun in 2016. A total of 1,190 pupils are currently being supported by the initiative with K600 to procure school requisites. The initiative also pays for boarding fees for learners and examination fees. 45 | P a g e Table 12: Key Performance Indicators in Education Sector Thematic Sector Service Key Output IDP Baseline Comment Area Performance Indicator Target Indicator Human & Education Adult Literacy Increased Number of 70 38 This will improve Social levels of ODL centers access to Development literacy in opened centers and the district improve literacy levels Human & Education Infrastructure Reduced Number of 1:45 1:68 Slow rate of Social Development classroom 1x3 CRBs construction of Development pupil ratio constructed classroom from 1:68 to blocks 1:50 Human & Education Infrastructure Increased Number of 200 140 Staff Social Development staffing staff houses accommodated Development levels in constructed in decent schools housing Human & Education Infrastructure Increased Number of 3 1 The district only Social Development bed space boarding has 1 boarding Development for learners schools school in boarding constructed Human & Education Infrastructure Improved Number of 21 0 Improve existing Social Development quality of CRBs infrastructure Development infrastructure rehabilitated Human & Education Infrastructure Enhanced Number of 6 1 Improve Social Development number of primary completion rate Development primary schools at grade 12 school upgraded learner’s to accessing secondary secondary schools education Human & Education Infrastructure Improved Number of 30 16 Connect schools Development 46 | P a g e Social quality of school’s to improve Development education connected wellbeing of to national teacher’s and grid pupils Human & Education Infrastructure Improved Number of 1 0 This will improve Development Social access to skills centers skills in the Development tertiary constructed district education Human & Education Infrastructure Enhanced Number of 33 0 The district only Development Social early early has annexed Development childhood childhood ECE centers education standalone centers constructed Human & Education Community Improved Number of 45 10 To retain learners Social Engagement community community in school Development awareness awareness on the meetings importance held of education Human & Education Teacher Improved Number of 600 951 Improve teacher Social Recruitment teacher – teachers – pupil ratio Development pupil ratio recruited from 1:68 to and 1:45 deployed (Source, DEBO, 2024)

2.3.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.3.3.1 Availability of Service Information from the community consultations revealed that education services were available in the wards as communities mentioned of the existence of mostly primary schools, a few secondary schools, one boarding school and community schools. They further mentioned that services like availability of teachers, books, classroom space and desks were mostly available but not adequate. 47 | P a g e However, the lack of a skills training center in the district was a concern raised as communities feel it’s a problem as students who finish secondary school level do not acquire skills that can promote entrepreneurship. Students are only able to access skills training in other districts’ which is a huge cost challenge for many as they have to provide transport money and supplies for their children to attain a skill.

2.3.3.2 Quality of Service Despite having schools in their wards, communities feel that the available infrastructure in terms of classroom blocks (CRB) is not adequate as there is overcrowding in classes with some cases being that, more than one grade is sharing a classroom at the same time and learning is being compromised due to poor teacher pupil ratio. The lack of staff houses is also considered to be the cause of inadequate quality of education as communities mentioned that they feel the number of teachers is inadequate. Communities mentioned the quality of some current infrastructure to be old and dilapidating especially in terms of community schools. They feel old infrastructure should be rehabilitated for the safety of learners and teachers. The current location of certain schools is considered a challenge in some communities because pupils have to travel long distances to access the schools and, in some cases, due to lack of proper roads and bridges, during the rainy season some pupils tend to stop going to school as some areas become cut off due to high levels of water. Communities stated that the lack of upgrading and expanding certain schools was creating a challenge for students to move to higher grades such as the upgrading of some primary to secondary schools such as Kaanzwa and Nakabangwe primary schools that could accommodate pupils in higher grades especially in the rural wards. Most pupils who graduate from primary school level have to access secondary education in other wards which creates the challenge for young pupils renting houses in order to be near secondary schools thus causing overcrowding in the few available secondary schools.

2.3.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.3.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities The effects of population growth and the free education policy will increase the demand for education which will result in less classroom space and reduced contact hours between the pupil and the teacher, and will also reduce pupil book ratio. In the next 10 years, the enrolment 48 | P a g e is estimated to increase to over 60,000 which will require more investment in the construction of more classrooms and teacher’s houses. The current average teacher pupil ratio is at 1:68 for the district and if in the next ten years this is not addressed; it will see a further increase of the ratio from 1:68 to 1:80 which is against the national target of 1:45. To avert this, there should be recruitment and deployment of about 600 teachers across the district and construction of 94 classrooms.

2.3.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs The sector is implementing the Zambia Education Enhancement Project (ZEEP) which is funded by the World Bank which focuses on the improvement of the quality and teaching of mathematics and science, improving access to secondary education and also the supply of text books in 21 schools. The program further looks at the improvement of infrastructure development and has constructed a secondary school named Nansenga Day Secondary, the structures constructed were an administration block, 1X3 Classroom block, ablution blocks for girls and boys, lab and 8 staff houses as this is to have equitable access to secondary education, improve gender parity, teacher-pupil ratio, book ratios and pass rates. The Project which is funded through the World Bank is meant to facilitate the implementation of construction activities by disbursing funds to be managed and utilized accordingly in compliance with Government as well as Project regulations. Keeping Girls in School This project began in 2016 and is a component of the Girls Education, Women’s Empowerment and livelihoods (GEWEL) project which assists girls drawn from social cash transfer households in payment of boarding fees, examination fees and provision of an education grant of K600 which is used for the girls to procure school requisites. The focus is on girls who are in Grade 8 -12 at secondary school and this project is implemented in 29 schools in the district and the number of girls receiving this support are 1,190. Home-Grown School Meals The sector is also implementing the home-grown school meals feeding program which involves the government procuring locally grown food stuffs for the feeding of all children in primary schools, in the district 89 primary schools are receiving this support. This measure has seen to improve learner attendance, increased concentration levels by learner’s and improved pupils’ health and nutrition. 49 | P a g e

2.3.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns The existing trends in the sector are mostly centered on the demand for more classroom blocks and staff houses. The need for this infrastructure will see a huge demand for land to put up such developments. Further the population distribution will continue growing around areas with infrastructure mainly for ease of access to them. The lack of education facilities in rural areas can result in young population’s migrating to urban areas resulting in over population in urban areas leading to pressure on housing and other social amenities.

2.3.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.3.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change There is need to conserve and preserve the environment for now and future generations. In this regard, it is important to have a citizenry that is educated on the importance of this aspect. The introduction and teaching of climate change and environmental issues in schools has brought a positive impact as children are learning early on bad practices such as charcoal production, bushfires and over fishing which have negative impacts as they destroy the environment and contribute to climate change. The introduction of gardens and tree planting activities in schools will also have a positive impact on the environment. The schools in the district have clubs that have constant discussions on ways to conserve the environment and natural resources. Chongololo club is one such club in schools that does the discussions and also hold debates on the ways to conserve the environment. The taking part in Keep Zambia Clean Green and Healthy campaign has contributed in that learners have known how to keep their surroundings clean. On the other hand, the continued demand for more school infrastructure such as staff houses and Classroom blocks will impact negatively on the environment as constructions lead to continued increase in Deforestation resulting in a depletion of fauna and flora. Although this will cause environmental degradation over time, the sector still needs the infrastructure for the sector to thrive hence during construction of any kind measures have been put in place that certain tree and plant species should not be cut down but instead preserved and protected. The use of timber for production of pupil’s desks has contributed to environmental degradation as there is high demand of the resource from the producers of desks. To try and preserve the 50 | P a g e tree species, it is suggested that the forest department together with the sector should embark on sensitization on the correct and proper use of the tree resource. The construction of schools that are not gazetted in forest reserves and Game Management areas by the communities living there has affected the environment negatively as communities living there are engaged in high levels of tree cutting and if not checked, this will continue to lead to environmental degradation.

2.3.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector Changes in rain patterns causing floods have a negative impact on education. School going children are unable to access/reach their schools during flood periods due to poor road networks especially in rural wards like Kabulungwe, Nyambo, Itumbi and Shambala among others. The effects of climate change, such as floods, extreme levels of heat tend to destroy school infrastructure and learning materials.

2.3.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups With regards to vulnerable groups like people with disabilities, the education sector has not done much to correct issues affecting disabled pupils. The district has no fully established school to cater for the physically disabled, the blind, deaf and learning difficulties among others. Special education teachers are misplaced as they as they in management not in class with no learning teaching aids such as Braille machines, Braille papers, styluses and white canes. Most schools need to build inclusive user-friendly infrastructure. Although these are some challenges, the sector has put in place measures for all schools to modify their buildings and has 1 special education unit at Itezhi-Tezhi primary school and the sector intends to open up more units. The sector has also received support for orphan and vulnerable learners under Global Fund which is providing for a termly amount that is paid through the schools to beneficiaries to assist with buying of school requisites.

2.3.8 Core Problems in Education Sector The sector has a number of problems that need a collective approach to try to solve them. They are and are not limited to the following; ● Lack of skills training centers in the district. ● Inadequate water sources and poor sanitation in the schools. ● No reliable transport to carry out monitoring, supervision and guidance. ● Inadequate Learning and Teaching Materials. 51 | P a g e ● Lack of school library infrastructure. ● Lack of inclusive education and special education infrastructure and learning devices. ● Misplacement of human resource in the area of special education ● Inadequate examination materials for practical subjects. ● Limited Sporting infrastructure and equipment in schools. ● Newly gazetted schools are ill-equipped to offer quality educational services. ● Poor lighting and unreliable energy sources in rural areas. ● Inadequate and unreliable computer systems and internet connectivity. ● Unprotected school land that causes land encroachment. ● Dilapidated and no teacher accommodation mostly in rural areas. ● Inadequate support for Orphan and Vulnerable Children (OVCs). ● Day secondary schools pose a challenge of keeping girls/boys as they rent hats in nearby villages. This exposes them to prostitution, early pregnancies and illicit activities. ● Inadequate classrooms. ● No ICT equipment in schools.

2.4 HEALTH

2.4.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level The Sector has the mandate of providing equitable access to cost effective, quality health services as close to the family as possible, leaving no one behind and to improve the health status of people in Itezhi Tezhi in order to contribute to increased productivity and socio- economic development. The sector realizes that effective planning is crucial to the realization of MOH-Vision, Mission Statement, Overall goals and objectives of the National Health Strategic Plan (2022-2026), the Community Health Strategic Plan (2022 – 2026) which supports the aspirations of the Vision 2030 and It is aligned to 8th National Development Plan (2022-2026). The specific strategic interventions being implemented by Itezhi Tezhi District Health Office under Management Support Services and Primary Health Care includes; a) Strengthen health services delivery, in order to contribute to the attainment of Quality Universal Health Coverage by 2030. This will be achieved through; ● Strengthen Primary Health Care (PHC) 52 | P a g e ● Strengthen Maternal, Neonatal, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition services ● Communicable Diseases prevention and control (Malaria, HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB) ● Strengthen Public Health Security ● Address Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) (Cancers, Cardio-vascular diseases, Diabetes and Mental Health) ● Strengthen Environmental Health and Food Safety services ● Strengthen Health Service Referral Systems ● Scale up Health Promotion and Education activities ● Ensure provision of quality Hospital Services b) Strengthen an Integrated Health Support Systems in order to contribute to the attainment of UHC and Sustainable Development Goal 3. This will be achieved through; ● Lobbying for position and deployment of adequate & skilled Health Workforce ● Last mile distribution & availability of Essential Medicine and Medical Supplies ● Strengthening Leadership and Governance ● Increasing access to Infrastructure, Equipment and Transport ● Strengthen Health Information and Research The health sector action plans are based on national priorities and an analysis of the local situation which forms the basis for the identification of local priorities as well as the development of cost-effective interventions which are responsive to the local health needs of the community.

2.4.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.4.2.1 Availability of Service The district has a total of 26 functioning health facilities providing primary and community health care services. The district has (1) Hospital, (1) Mini hospital, (13) Rural Health centers and (11) Health Posts providing promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health care services in line with the NHSP 2022-2026. The available services provided in the facilities include; Table 13: Available Services in Health Sector Thematic Area Services Offered Hospital Services In-patient Medical care services, Out-patient services, Surgical services (Minor and major except specialist services), Patient Referrals to UHT in Lusaka, Laboratory services, Physiotherapy services, Basic dental services, Radiology & ultrasound, Mortuary services and Rehabilitative Services. 53 | P a g e Primary Health Care & Static and Mobile ART services, Reproductive and Maternal Community Health Health, Neo-natal and Child Health Development, Clinical & Nursing Care, Mobile integrated out-reaches services, Environmental health services, TB & Leprosy, Control of Non Communicable Diseases, Malaria Elimination, Health Education & Promotion, Laboratory services, Nutritional services, Pharmacy services, Voluntary Counseling and Testing, Voluntary Male Medical Circumcision, Adolescent Health, Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission of HIV (eMTCT), Cervical Cancer screening and Mental Health. Management Support Essential Medicines and Medical Supplies, Health workforce Services deployment, Physical Infrastructure, Medical Equipment & Transport, Health Information Management, Health Care Financing using central level monthly grant and support from Partners. (Source, District Health Office, 2024) Despite provision of the health services, the district has been facing infrastructure challenges with inadequate health facilities as a result people are travelling more than 5 km to access health services making UHC attainment a challenge. Table 14: Catchment Population in Health Facilities Name of Health Centre/Post Catchment Population % of Total District Pop. Masemu UC 23190 16 Kaanzwa RHC 4348 3 Masasabi HP 7247 5 Mutenda HP 4348 3 Itumbi HP 4348 3 Bushinga HP 7247 5 Buunga HP 4348 3 Lubanda RHC 7247 5 Chishila HP 4348 3 Banamwaze RHC 4348 3 Kabanga HP 2899 2 Kauka Mini Hospital 4348 3 Nyambo HP 2899 2 Nansenga RHC 7247 5 54 | P a g e Muunga RHC 5797 4 Ngoma HP 1449 1 Basanga RHC 7247 5 Makuzu HP 2899 2 Luubwe HP 8696 6 Nachishila HP 4348 3 Nanzhila RHC 5797 4 Hospital Affiliated Health Center 4348 3 (HAHC) Mbila RHC 15943 11 Total 144,935 100% (Source, District Health Office, 2024) Figure 12: Health Facilities in the District (Source, District Health Office, 2024) 55 | P a g e

2.4.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicator Availability of adequate numbers of appropriately qualified and experienced health workers, in the right skills-mix, is a major determinant to health service performance. The critical shortage of health workers is a major obstacle to the attainment of the district’s health priorities. Distribution of Health Workers The inequitable distribution of the available health workers, leads to imbalances (compare urban/rural staff placement). Rural areas are the most affected since they do not have adequate capacities to attract and retain qualified health workers. The shortage of health workers is a major obstacle to the attainment of the district’s health priorities. Table 15: Distribution of Health Workers in Facilities Category of Staff Establishment Existing DHO Hosp. H/Cs DHO Hosp. H/Cs Doctors 1 6 0 1 4 0 Nursing Staff 1 82 52 1 74 89 Clinical Officers 4 20 14 3 16 18 Medical Licentiates 0 2 0 0 2 0 Environmental Staff 2 4 19 2 4 16 Paramedical Staff 1 28 1 2 17 0 Non-medical professional staff 11 39 27 18 75 45 Total 20 181 113 27 192 168 (Source, District Health Office, 2024) Table 16: Key Performance Indicators in Health Thematic Area Sector Service Key Performance IDP Actual Comments Indicators Target Human & Health Maternal Increased Antenatal 60 32 Late ANC Social Health care 1st attendance booking Development at facility level Traditional beliefs Human & Health Reduced teen <23 28.8 Adolescent Social pregnancy in the health activities Development district not are working well in the district Human & Health Increased deliveries 83 50.7 Community Social in institutions based system 56 | P a g e Development strengthening not adequate Human & Health Improved assisted 100 98 All facilities Social deliveries by skilled have skilled Development personnel staff Human & Health Reduced maternal <100 119.7 Weak Social death community Development MPDSR approach Human & Health Child Health Reduced childhood 80 48 Community Social diseases through based system Development scheduled strengthening immunization not adequate Human & Health Enhanced child 80 79 Social nutritional status Development through growth monitoring and promotion Human & Health Reduced rate of <5 0.20 Integrated Social malnutrition among approach in Development under 5s nutrition programs Human & Health Clinical Care Improved care of HIV 100 98 Partners/GRZ Social clients through Integration of Development prophylaxis programme implementation Human & Health Increased HIV 95 98 Partners/GRZ Social positive clients on Integration of Development ART programme implementation Human & Health Increased viral load 95 98 Partners/GRZ Social suppression Integration of Development programme implementation Human & Health Improved TB case 95 100 Partners/GRZ Social notification and Integration of Development treatment programme implementation Human & Health District Health Enhanced health 95 82 Rainy season Social Coordination system performance affected HSPA Development assessment implementation Human & Health Malaria Reduces malaria 201/1000 345.8/1000 Few malaria Social Elimination incidence 80 0 interventions Development 85 98 being 100 97 implemented in the district 57 | P a g e Indicator 2023 2022 2021 Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Per capita under 5, child attendance 5.00 2.7 5.00 2.7 5.00 3.6 Child weighing 0 - 59 months rate (%) 85% 83.3% 85% 96.2% 85% 81.5% Child height/length measured 0 - 59 months rate 55% 39.2% 55% 38.7 55% 16.6% (%) Fully immunised coverage (%) under 1 86% 48.1% 86% 60% 86% 94.6% % BCG Coverage 95% 74% 95% 71% 95% 115% Antenatal 1st contact 1st trimester coverage (%) 38% 21.5% 38% 26.1% 38% 31.7% Antenatal 1st contact ALL trimesters rate (%) 90% 85% 90% 95% 90% 124.2% % pregnant women accessing at least 8 visits of 6% 10.7% 5% 6.5% 4% 1.8% Focussed Antenatal Care Postnatal care within 48 hours after delivery (%) 100% 101.7% 100% 99 100% 123.8 out of Institution Deliveries Delivery by skilled personnel all as a (%) of 95% 99.4% 95% 95.9% 95% 95% Institutional Deliveries Deliveries by skilled personnel - All as % of 60% 49.4% 0% 51.8% 0% 66.8% Expected Deliveries % of teenagers attending first ANC visit 23% 28.8 23% 29.4 23% 30.8 % HIV Exposed Infants receiving Prophylaxis at 100% 96% 100% 98% 100% 97.5% birth % of Insecticide Treated Nets distributed 100% 0 100% 0 100% 0 % of Households Sprayed against mosquitoes 80% 0 80% 0 80% 0 (Source, District Health Office, 2024)

2.4.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.4.3.1 Availability of Service Majority of the communities reported the existence of health facilities/services in the form of clinics, health centers or health posts. The health centers are spread out in various wards and some zones which create a challenge of access for communities in zones without a facility. Such communities have to travel a distance to the nearest facility to access health services. Communities in wards like Kabulungwe, Babizhi and Shambala reported a lack of any health infrastructure available. 58 | P a g e

2.4.3.2 Quality of Service Wards with clinic/health posts mentioned the availability of in-patient and out-patient medical care services that were available but not adequately provided and this was attributed to inadequate staff especially in the rural wards. Communities feel that the lack of adequate staff in health centers led to poor service provision. The inadequate or lack of accommodation is considered to be the biggest cause of inadequate staff. With regards to static and mobile ART services (mobile integrated outreach services) communities stated that such services are available in majority of the wards but feel the services should be extended to more stations as some zones are still not able to access the services due to the long distances to access them. The majority of the health posts in rural wards mentioned that they are not able to access health services such as dental services, laboratory services, nutritional services and drug dispensaries. These health services are either inadequate or non-existent in the rural wards and patients have to travel to the urban wards to access them. Wards like Kabulungwe mentioned of having very poor access to any quality health services such as maternal and child services due to having no clinic or health post in the ward and hence people travel long distances for the services.

2.4.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.4.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities The Health Sector has a district population of 130,216 (2022 ZAMSTAT) and by 2030 it is anticipated that the population will have escalated to over 200, 000 of which 51% will be women. Due to this exponential population growth with dwindling resources, the sector anticipates the following increased future services demand; Maternal, child & Neonatal health services, Infrastructure, OPD & IPD Medical services, HIV/TB, ADH, community ART services, Cervical Cancer screening and utility services such as electricity.

2.4.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment and Development Programs In order to address exponential population growth, as a bottleneck identified by the sector which prevents the health system from reaching its goals, the existing Investments and Development Programs being implemented include; ● Construction of new health Posts in Kabulungwe, Banamwaze and Basanga ● Rehabilitation of existing clinic in Kaanzwa ward 59 | P a g e ● Construction of solar-boreholes in existing clinics in Mutenda and Kabulungwe ● Construction of maternity Annex at Mutenda rural health centre

2.4.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns The effects if left to continue with the anticipated population growth will result in depletion of the current resources and cause the disease burden to worsen resulting in higher mortality rate in all age groups and the district will need more land for the future construction works to meet population service demand.

2.4.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.4.6.1 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector A. Increased Epidemiological trend of climate change induced diseases and condition of public health importance ● Increased extreme heat-related illnesses and diseases- Skin diseases ● Variation in infectious disease transmission – Increase diarrheal disease outbreaks e.g. cholera in some localities, Respiratory diseases, , Malaria, , ● Deteriorating access to human basic needs – Food security (under nutrition), safe drinking water, sanitation, clean air. ● Increased mortality level associated with climate-sensitive diseases e.g. SARS-COVID 19. ● Increased emerging public health threats, diseases and conditions. ● Worsening of maternal and child health outcomes- Mothers are most of the time involved in household livelihood in search food for their families missing ANC and Child health clinics B. Social economic impacts on health systems ● More resources being channeled towards mitigating the effects of Environmental and Climate Change Issues in the Sector such as Epidemic preparedness and control ● Constrained Health system financing as resources are used for public health threats such as epidemic control due to effects of climate change C. Deteriorating Infrastructure Quality ● Drying of water sources leading to inadequate supply of safe domestic water supply compromising on infection prevention and control ● Harsh weather conditions resulting in damage to health infrastructures. 60 | P a g e

2.4.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups • MHC services are not easily accessed due to long distances and as such results in cases of high mortality rates, malnutrition and teenage pregnancies. • Persons with disabilities have challenges accessing health facilities due to distances and facilities not being user friendly. • Male involvement in safe motherhood is being encouraged with involvement of traditional leadership and gender main streaming.

2.4.8 Core Problems in Health Sector Table 17: Core Problems in Health Sector Core Problem Proposed intervention Inadequate staff houses for Construct 10 facility staff houses in the following facilities; facilities Banamwaze, Chishila, Lubanda, Nanzhila, Basanga, Luubwe and Bushinga Low staffing due to inadequate Lobby for expansion of existing health centre structure and deploy more staff structure Inadequate utility vehicles Lobby for two land cruisers Inadequate facility motorbikes Procure 22 motorbikes for health centres Inadequate Mother waiting shelters Construct 15 waiting mothers shelters in 15 facilities excluding; Hospital, Mbila, Itumbi, Mutenda and Nansenga Inadequate funding for health Lobby for improvement in funding delivery Low Antenatal first attendances Address social-cultural issues surrounding pregnancies To lobby and increase logistical support to facilities for community sensitization Increased teen pregnancy Involve traditional leadership Increased perianal &Maternal Construct maternity annexes deaths recorded Scale community on community information dissemination and sensitization

2.5 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

2.5.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level The priority functions for the Department being implemented as set out in Gazette Notice No. 90 of 2021 include; 61 | P a g e ● Community Development training – the department trains communities in different community development issues. ● Food Programme Management – the department supports vulnerable but viable households with farming inputs. ● Women Empowerment – the department trains women in life and business skills and offers them productive grants. ● Non formal education and skills training ● Supporting self-help initiatives

2.5.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.5.2.1 Availability of Service The department is currently implementing programs including providing Food security packs, Livelihoods and Empowerment Support Schemes, Village Banking and Support to Women’s Clubs. The department is also providing research and training through implementation of programs including Community Training, Skills Development, Function Literacy and Community Self-Help Initiatives.

2.5.2.2 Quality of Service (Key Performance Indicators) The quality of service provided by the Department of Community Development is satisfactory as per the following indicators; Table 18: Key Performance Indicators in Community Development Thematic Area Sector Service Key IDP Target Baseline Comment Performance Indicator Human and Community Provision of Women 1339 women 1339 women Target given by the Social Development Life and trained and Ministry Development business skills empowered and grants with grants Human and Community Provision of Households 7365 7365 household Target given by the Ministry Social Development Farming supported households Development inputs to with farming vulnerable inputs but viable farmers Human and Community Formation of Savings group 100 Saving > 100 saving Target given by the Ministry Social Development Saving formed groups groups 62 | P a g e Development Groups formed Human and Community Provision of Vulnerable 294 294 Households Target given by the Ministry Social Development Small livestock households households Development to vulnerable supported to be given households with livestock goats (Source, Community Development, 2024)

2.5.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.5.3.1 Availability of Service Consultations with communities revealed that the services of community development are provided in the wards including receiving food security packs and livestock, wetland and rain fed inputs through the alternative livelihoods program. Village banking and women support programs are also provided as well as other extension services through community development extension officers.

2.5.3.2 Quality of Service Despite receiving food security packs, most communities mentioned that the inputs are at times not delivered in good time and the number of beneficiaries was not adequate as the number of vulnerable people was significant. Some communities also stated that there is poor sensitization done with regards to women programs (club formation, village banking, and savings groups) as some communities mentioned that they were unaware of such programs and hence do not benefit from them. The community further mentioned that the extension services provided were inadequate as most extension officers do not stay in the wards (rural) and therefore people are not always able to get assistance from them. They added that because of extension officers not always being available, the monitoring of women groups was poor especially for groups that receive empowerments through grants. They stated that the poor monitoring was resulting in misuse of grants by some women groups.

2.5.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.5.4.1 Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities The current services provided by the Department of Community Development cannot meet the demand of the growing population of the vulnerable in Itezhi Tezhi. 63 | P a g e

2.5.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes ● The Department of Community has supported beneficiaries under alternative Livelihood with goats. There is a need to carry on venturing in such activities as the programme is sustainable through pass Ons. ● Empowering women with capital and life skills to enable them to venture in different businesses.

2.5.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns The settlement of the people from the point of view of vulnerability is mostly in clustered areas where they would sustain themselves economically. ● Most people are settled near Itezhi Tezhi Dam and Kafue River for fishing as an Income generating activity. Overdependence on fishing could however result in depletion of fish species as people are even able to fish the fingerlings in breeding areas. ● Others are settled in the Kafue National park for illegal game activities which could result in depletion of the National Treasure species such as Rhinos. ● Some vulnerable groups are practicing Agriculture to earn their living. Most agricultural practices involve poor farming methods of cutting down trees which brings about soil erosion which could eventually lead to the land becoming a desert.

2.5.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.5.6.1 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector The Environment and Climate change has impacted negatively on beneficiaries’ lives especially under the Food Security Pack where crops are affected by drought and Army Worms. Beneficiaries in social protection programs who invest the money into buying farming inputs tend to lose out when the rainy season is not as good as expected. The environment and climate change has impacted negatively on the sector in terms of financial resources and budgeting especially on the Food Security Pack Programme.

2.5.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups Issues arising related to gender and vulnerable groups in the district range from economic, Social, psychological and physical. 64 | P a g e Most women, children and youths are marginalized in the District making them vulnerable to abuse. Women tend to work more for their families to sustain them economically and are therefore, vulnerable to abuse by their spouses due to economic vulnerability. Children especially girls are forced to drop out of School into early marriages because of economic issues such as parents benefitting from cattle paid as bride price. There is also a high level of unplanned pregnancies from the young girls due to prostitution and always patronizing social gathering places. Youths are unable to continue with their education due to vulnerability as a result they are involved in alcohol abuse, marijuana, theft which is a big social problem.

2.5.8 Core Problems in Community Development Sector ● Inadequate women empowerment ● Inadequate Skills development and youth entrepreneurship ● High Gender Based Violence cases ● Early pregnancies ● High abuse of alcohol and drugs

2.6 SOCIAL WELFARE

2.6.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level The Department provides social welfare services under two main service areas i.e.: Statutory and Non-Statutory Services. Statutory services involve the administration of pieces of legislation mainly which is the Child code Act of 2022 that covers Child Welfare and Juvenile justice, while Non-statutory services are those that are not backed by pieces of legislation such as the Public Welfare Assistance Scheme (PWAS), the Social Cash Transfer (SCT) Scheme. The Department of Social Welfare has the responsibility and mandate of providing social protection services to the vulnerable and incapacitated individuals, families, households and communities. The Department is primarily concerned with providing assistance to those living in extreme poverty, disability, old age, vulnerable children and orphans. It aims at providing such disadvantaged individuals and groups with essential social services, while addressing juvenile delinquency and crime such as, domestic violence, and other aspects that affect the well-being of society on a daily basis. 65 | P a g e

2.6.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.6.2.1 Availability of Service The department is providing assistance to poor people and vulnerable people who are circled in poverty such as; the disabled persons, the elderly, widows and different groups in society through the social cash transfer scheme; total beneficiaries 7, 788, males 2307, female 4500, male disabled 429, female disabled 552.

2.6.2.2 Quality of service Including Key Performance Indicators The services provided are adequate though there is need to include more beneficiaries on the SCT programme especially in Kabulungwe and Makunku wards. During the listing in June 2023 the department managed to list 2, 435 potential beneficiaries from all 15 wards. The department has recorded positive development at household levels. Beneficiaries of social cash transfer (SCT) have bought livestock, which is an indicator to household development because a household can sell the livestock in times of need and help themselves. Further, the household can manage to buy school requisites from the social cash transfer benefits. Table 19: Key Performance Indicators in Social Welfare Thematic Area Sector Service Key IDP Target Baseline Comment Performance Indicator Human and Social Social Cash Beneficiary 9772 9724 Annual Target varies Social Welfare Transfer households Households Households yearly Development empowered Human and Social Emergency Beneficiaries 6284 5330 This is not an annual Social Welfare Cash empowered Households Households program only Development Transfer due to negative implemented when there impacts of is drought drought Human and Social Public People assisted 100% of 100% Increased and timely Social Welfare welfare in various ways, repatriations funding Development assistance e.g. Repatriations Human and Social Psycho- Number people 100% 100% Need for infrastructure for Social Welfare social counseled counseled victims Development counseling (Source, Social Welfare, 2024) 66 | P a g e

2.6.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.6.3.1 Availability of Service From community consultations, the services provided by the department such as Social cash transfer (SCT) and keeping girls in school (KGS) are available and provided in the wards.

2.6.3.2 Quality of Service The communities mentioned that even though the services such as SCT were available, the number of beneficiaries was not enough considering that the number of vulnerable people such as the aged, widows(er) and disabled was a lot. Community members stated that other services provided by the department such as juvenile justice, foster care and adoption were non-existent as communities were unaware of such services due to poor sensitization.

2.6.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.6.4.1 Population Changes – Future demand for services and facilities As the population grows, it is expected that the demand for social welfare services will also increase hence the need to create space for would-be beneficiaries of social protection.

2.6.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs ● Social Cash Transfer being implemented bi-monthly for non-disabled households and households keeping disabled people ● Safe places for witnesses and stranded people

2.6.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns The effects are expected to be positive because people will have gotten used to the notion of investing in small scale investments to enhance personal development and self-reliance. Hence more people will settle around arable land to engage in small scale farming and livestock rearing. 67 | P a g e

2.6.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.6.6.1 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector The effects of climate change affect everyone, especially in farming. Beneficiaries in social protection programs who decide to invest their money into buying farming inputs tend to lose out when the rainfall pattern is poor.

2.6.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups • The department uses an inclusive model to make sure every category of poor and vulnerable people is not left out on the social protection programs. • Women and girls supported by this SCT may suffer as they may not afford sanitary products in months where they are not paid. • Persons with disabilities who are both disabled and are couples at household’s level must both benefit from SCT. • Some vulnerable groups may suffer setbacks when SCT may go digital especially those living in rural and remote areas.

2.6.8 Core Problems in Social Welfare Sector ● Inadequate funding to assist more people as the demand for assistance has increased. ● Lack of adequate transport to reach people in need, especially those on/along the Kafue River. ● Lack of staff accommodation in rural areas. ● Inadequate office space. ● Lack of a SAFE HOUSE for GBV victims & witnesses. ● Lack of staff in certain key positions e.g. juvenile officer ● Lack of juvenile cells. ● Lack of rehabilitation centers ● Inadequate funding required for reparations for stranded people, hospital referrals and any other help for people not on SCT.

2.7 WATER SUPPLY AND SUSTAINABLE SANITATION

2.7.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level Access to water and sanitation services is a key component of all aspects of sustainable development by all segments of the population. Hence the need to increase levels of access to clean and safe water and sanitation services for people in rural and urban areas. To achieve 68 | P a g e this, the district is continuously trying to implement strategies to facilitate water and sanitation services provision among the district population. The key government priorities being implemented include; ● Increasing district water security, Water Supply and Sanitation. ● Improving access to potable water supply by strengthening the mechanism for provision of adequate safe water and sanitation, implementing the National Urban and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation programs and strengthening implementation of the water infrastructure projects. ● Improving access to sanitation services (Improved hygiene) by strengthening the mechanism for provision of adequate sanitation, implementing the National Urban and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation programs and strengthening the implementation of the sanitation infrastructure projects. The key priorities being and to be implemented are in line with the strategic directions for water security and sustainable sanitation by 2030 as outlined in three (3) Primary National level Policy documents which are; 1. Eighth National Development Policy (2022-2026) – water is a critical factor for the successful implementation of the plan. This is because water is an enabler of economic growth. It is also a key to resilience building and enhancing human and social economic development. 2. National Water Policy of 2024 – has a view of ensuring a water secure nation with universal access to sanitation. 3. Zambia Water investment Programme (2022-2030) - provides a strategic direction for Climate resilient and socially inclusive water security sustainable investments in the country by 2030. The program aims to accelerate water investments to support economic transformation, enhancing resilience through water and strengthening water and sanitation governance and institutions.

2.7.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.7.2.1 Availability of Service Urban water supply The town has autonomous water supply and sanitation systems comprising two water treatment plants, a distribution network and a network of sewers for two compounds ZESCO and ITPC. A Water treatment plant from an old distribution network distributes water to Zesco compounds 69 | P a g e and offices, District Hospital, Police station and compound, and Uphill Kataba Houses. A new water distribution network supplies ITPC compound and Administration offices, Itezhi-tezhi Boarding School and finally to Uphill water tanks for downhill distribution of Masemu ward. One water treatment plant, built by ZESCO Limited, has a production capacity of 1200m 3/day while the other plant, built by ITPC, has a capacity of 2,300 m 3/day bringing the total production capacity to 3,500 m3/day. All the water production operations are managed by ZESCO who provide bulk water to Southern Water Supply and Sanitation Company, the licensed water utility company responsible for the distribution and customer relations. Rural water supply Safe rural water supply in the district is under ground water with total district coverage of 47%. These sources of safe water supply are boreholes and protected wells. However, the majority of rural households draw water from unprotected sources such as scoop holes, shallow wells and streams/rivers. Due to drought situations, which hit the district so often, the ground water table has gone down drastically resulting in some areas becoming impossible for well digging. Table 20: Water Points in Rural Areas S/N WARD No. OF No. OF HAND No. OF NON- BOREHOLES DUG WELLS FUNCTIONAL 1 NYAMBO 42 3 - 2 MBILA 20 6 3 3 MASEMU 6 - - 4 MAKUNKU 49 2 - 5 LUUBWE 26 - 2 6 LUCHENA 17 8 3 7 LUBANDA 16 5 2 8 KAANZWA 53 16 3 9 ITUMBI 20 16 3 10 ITEZHI TEZHI 9 - 2 11 BASANGA 36 9 6 12 BANAMWAZE 33 2 4 13 KABULUNGWE NIL DEPEND ON KAFUE RIVER TOTALS 336 16 28 (Source, Itezhi Tezhi Council, 2024) Despite the availability of boreholes in rural areas, water supply in the district remains inadequate to cater for the current population and the anticipated future growth. In addition to 70 | P a g e poor water supply coverage, some areas in the district suffer from high levels of ground water crisis where most of the boreholes dry up due to droughts that hit the district often. Some parts of the district face challenges to locate water because of the terrain and geographical area which has a bed rock that covers most of the north western part of the district. Other sources of water available in the district include 3 dams as shown in table 21 below; Table 21: Existing Dams No Names Ward Dam dimensions Reservoir Capacity Status Remarks Area Length Height Spillway width 1. Masasabi Kanzwa 120m 7.5m 25m - 124,000,000m3 Damaged Requires Dam spillway rehabilitation 2. Katumpwi Kanzwa 162m 6m 20m - - Damaged Requires Dam spillway rehabilitation 3. Itezhi-tezhi Itezhi-tezhi 1.8km 62m 390 km2 6, 005,000 m3 Good Dam 4. Kasankwa Masemu 15m Construction Requires an Weir works done assessment because it does not hold water (Source, IDP Team, 2024) In order for the district to have secure water supply and sanitation, there is need to drill more boreholes, construct more piped water schemes, and construct more surface water development structures (dams, weirs, borrow pits, watering points for livestock & gardening) and rehabilitation of 2 small dams. Urban Sanitation The district has a low level of proper sanitation facilities. The areas serviced by the sewerage system include Kataba, SWECO and ITPC compounds. This sewerage network run by ZESCO ends in 5 stabilization ponds and 7 septic tanks which have a combined capacity of about 500 71 | P a g e m 3/ day. The other urban and peri-urban areas in the township are serviced by on-site sanitation and pit latrines. Table 22: Sanitary Facilities in Households H/H WITH SANITARY CONSTITUENCY WARD TOTAL H/H FACILITIES ITEZHI TEZHI ITEZHI TEZHI 1,381 1,243 MASEMU 1,644 1,315 ITUMBI 967 580 KAANZWA 1,048 209 BABIZHI 446 89 LUBANDA 669 134 BANAMWAZE 471 94 MAKUNKU 613 123 NYAMBO 420 231 KABULUNGWE 283 57 BASANGA 1,218 244 LUUBWE 558 112 MBILA 876 175 SHAMBALA 472 94 LUCHENA 364 73 TOTAL 11,430 4,773 (Source, Itezhi Tezhi Town Council, 2021) Adequate sanitation facilities meet the following elements: ● Flushable/pour flush to pit latrine ● flush toilet ● pit latrine with slab or covered pit ● ventilated improved pit latrine ● septic tank The table above shows that only 4,773 households out of 11,430 total households in Itezhi Tezhi have access to improved sanitation representing only 42% of the total population. Rural Sanitation The remaining 58% of the population which is mostly in the rural parts of Itezhi Tezhi use unimproved sanitation which includes the use of pit latrines without a slab or platform such as 72 | P a g e bucket latrine, hanging latrines and ordinary latrines while others use open defecation which involves disposal of human faeces in fields, forests, ditches, open bodies of water, or other open spaces, or with solid waste.

2.7.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance Despite the construction of the additional water treatment plant by ITPC, challenges of water supply have not been completely resolved in the Central Business District. This is coupled with the increase in population, which has put enormous pressure on the current water supply system. Urban water supply is characterized by constant bursts on the gravity line from the source as the pipes are old. Service coverage is low, with only few households connected to the piped network of which consumers do not receive water regularly and the number of hours of supply is low due to inadequate infrastructure such as reservoirs. Table 23: Key Performance Indicators in Water & Sanitation Thematic Sector Service Key Performance IDP Target Baseline Comments Areas Indicators Human & Water Ground water Increased reliable >225 320 More boreholes to Social Development development water supply be drilled over the Development & Sanitation (exploratory through drilling and IDP period and multi- construction of purpose boreholes production boreholes). Human & Water Ground water Increased reliable 24 8 More water Social Development development water supply schemes to be Development & Sanitation (exploratory through construction constructed by and multi- of water schemes. the Ministry purpose production boreholes). Human & Water Ground water >30 <150 Social Development development Maintain existing Development & Sanitation (exploratory boreholes through and multi- rehabilitation purpose production boreholes). Human & Water Ground water Upgrading of >8 0 Social Development development existing boreholes to Development & Sanitation (exploratory solar powered and multi- boreholes purpose production boreholes). Human & Water Surface water Dams developed for 10 3 More investment Social Development development multi-purpose usage required for water Development & Sanitation (multi-purpose catchment dams) infrastructure 73 | P a g e desegregated by size: Small and Large Human & Water Water Small dams 2 2 Need for feasibility Social Development catchment rehabilitated/ studies Development & Sanitation maintained for multi- purpose usage Human & Water Water Large dams 1 1 More investment Social Development catchment maintained for multi- required for water Development & Sanitation purpose usage catchment infrastructure Human & Water Urban water Enhanced access to 98% 42% Most households Social Development supply and safely managed not connected to Development & Sanitation sanitation water supply and piped water adequate sanitation systems services Human & Water Urban water Increased 1388 988 Increase number Social Development supply and household of households Development & Sanitation sanitation connection with connected to water supply piped water network systems Human & Water Rural water Enhanced access to 98% 47% Inadequate Social Development supply and safely managed number of Development & Sanitation sanitation water supply and boreholes in rural adequate sanitation areas. services Terrain in some areas results in dry boreholes. Human & Water Increased >30 4 Constructions not Social Development Rural water construction of happening fast Development & Sanitation supply and sanitation enough sanitation waterborne facilities in public institutions. Economic Water Water Increased tourist 20 5 Promote tourism Transformatio Development infrastructure establishments sector n & Job & Sanitation for tourism operating near Creation development water fronts Economic Water Mapping of water >12 6 Promote mapping Transformatio Development resource protection of water resources Water resource n & Job & Sanitation areas to enhance management Creation protection of water resources Economic Water Increased water >12 6 Declare and Transformatio Development Water resource resources protected protect water n & Job & Sanitation management areas resource areas Creation (Source, IDP Team, 2024) 74 | P a g e

2.7.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.7.3.1 Availability of Service Communities in rural wards mentioned that for their water sources they mostly depend on boreholes which are available either community or personal boreholes. In certain areas communities also depend on wells and streams for water. Community members in urban wards (Masemu and Itezhi Tezhi) have access to tap water (household and communal taps) as well as boreholes.

2.7.3.2 Quality of Service According to community members, the boreholes available in their wards (rural) are inadequate as some of the community boreholes are not functional as they do not get maintenance or are now dry and hence people still have to travel long distances (over 500m) to access water. Water infrastructure in most rural wards is not sufficient as they do not have dams/weirs which create a challenge especially in areas with high cattle population as animals sometimes do not have drinking water and hence share water sources such as shallow wells with community members. In wards such as Kaanzwa and Itumbi accessibility of water is a challenge attributed to the low water table in their areas making borehole drilling very difficult and as such construction of dams would help improve the quality of service. For the urban communities, the quality of service was poor as the period of supply of water is short and sometimes no supply at all. Some areas are not serviced by the Water Utility Company and hence the need to extend their services to un-serviced areas.

2.7.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.7.4.1 Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities As the population grows, the demand for water increases and the pressure on finite water resources intensifies. Population growth will limit the amount of water available because an increase in per capita water consumption driven by development will intensify water demand straining the local water supply. The current service provision (quality of water supply and sanitation) does not meet the current population size of 130,216 which is projected to increase to 176,434 by 2031 putting huge pressure on the available services. 75 | P a g e

2.7.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs To improve the current situation as well as cater for the increasing population in the next 10 years, the existing investments include; • Drilling of boreholes and rehabilitation of existing ones.

2.7.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns In view of the continuation of the current trend in the development of the water sector, the district will continue to report growth in agricultural and livestock activities alongside the water supplies created. This means that the distribution of the population will continue in the same pattern along the plateau where water points are concentrated as most of the lands in Itezhi Tezhi are low-land and under floods.

2.7.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.7.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change Degradation of some catchment areas is mainly caused by human-related activities such as deforestation which degrades water catchments thus reducing base flows during the dry season and lowering the water table which impacts on surface water sources, and yields of well and boreholes. Minor land degradation due to unsustainable agriculture practices, unplanned settlements, drilling of boreholes, digging of shallow wells, construction of water infrastructures like dams, weirs and encroachment of water resources within the buffer zone, has led to reduced water availability, reduced water quality and unhealthy ecosystems. Water Resource Management As a result of human related activities that have resulted in reduced water availability and unhealthy ecosystems, the IDP incorporated from the 8NDP one of the country’s priorities which is to enhance the management and productive use of water resources through Integrated Catchment Management. The concept of Integrated Catchment management looks at managing land and water resources within a specific area. The incorporation of ICM in the document is to enhance water resource management, mainly in identified water catchment areas, in order to increase the availability of water resources for social and economic use. To achieve this, the IDP team in collaboration with GIZ conducted a 76 | P a g e mapping of water catchment areas and identified various nature-based solutions that will be implemented to achieve water harvesting, aquifer recharge among others. The mapping identified 6 priority landscapes were nature-based solutions will be implemented for water resource management. The selected sites are; ➢ Masasabi stream located in Kaanzwa ward. The stream is a tributary of Kafue River and its main purpose is for livestock, gardening, domestic use and fishing. ➢ Iyanga stream in Banamwaze ward ➢ Nanzhila stream located in Luchena ward. The Nasenfu plains and Kabimba stream takes water into the Nanzhila main stream. Nanzhila stream is a tributary of Kafue River in the Kafue main catchment and its main purpose is for livestock, gardening, domestic use and fishing for the community. ➢ Mbila stream in Mbila ward. The stream takes water to Nanzhila main stream. ➢ Bushinga stream in Itumbi ward takes water to lake Itezhi Tezhi. ➢ Kachelwa stream in Basanga ward. The identified landscapes have experienced degradation due to human related activities such as: ➢ Gardening in the main streams ➢ Animals going to drink water resulting in siltation and overgrazing around the catchment areas. ➢ Digging of wells in the main stream leading to damage of the natural recharge zones. ➢ Encroachment in the forests which are sources for recharge for the streams. ➢ Deforestation. From the identified activities leading to degradation, various nature-based solutions will be implemented to better manage the available water resources. Some of the interventions include; ➢ Construction of check dams ➢ Digging of trenches ➢ Soil bunds ➢ Assisted natural regeneration to promote vegetation and tree growth ➢ Construction of rain water harvesting infrastructure such as borrow pits 77 | P a g e

2.7.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector The district has not been spared from the long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns as a result of climate change. The impacts of Climate change on the water sector include; ➢ Drying up of water points (streams & shallow wells) causing low yield in most boreholes. ➢ Animals walking long distances in search of water and pasture due to dried up streams leaving animals malnourished. ➢ Reduction in the provision of sustainable water resources management and services for engineered irrigation, water supply and sanitation, hydropower generation and food security. Effects of climate change have had a serious negative impact on Itezhi-tezhi’s water resources availability, mainly due to inadequate water resources infrastructure.

2.7.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups The drying up of water sources has affected especially women and girls who are traditionally believed to be the providers of water at home for various uses. Women and girls have to walk long distances to fetch clean and safe water making them vulnerable. The availability of clean water has improved hygiene practices for both men and women, particularly for girls with regard to menstrual hygiene. Representation of these groups at all levels and in all spheres of water resources management should be accelerated to ensure balanced roles played by these groups without discrimination. These groups are further sought to be mainstreamed in water sector programs articulated with full involvement in the course of implementation of the policy, and appropriate technologies to these perceived vulnerable groups should be introduced and applied. In order to address the issues arising relating to gender groups and vulnerable groups, the water sector shall focus on promoting inclusivity in water and sanitation programs by creating partnerships with organizations representing differently abled persons, develop socially inclusive standards for designing water and sanitation infrastructure.

2.7.8 Core Problems in Water and Sanitation Sector The core problem affecting Water security and sustainable Sanitation include the following; • Inadequate investments in water infrastructure and services to support economic transformation and limited resilience. Consequently, this has led to the following issues: 78 | P a g e a) Poor utilization of water resources for productive purposes with the potential to create employment and economic opportunities with respect to irrigation, hydropower development and aquaculture and fisheries development. b) Underdevelopment of water related tourism and navigation c) Inadequate ground water development especially to ground water exploration and multi-purpose well filed development. d) Inadequate water harvesting infrastructure leading to severe cases of water scarcity especially during the dry season and drought periods as a result of low surface water storage in a few dams. e) Weak capacity to adapt to the negative impacts of climate change on water resources. This has resulted in the following issues. f) Challenges in providing adequate water supply and sanitation services to both Urban and rural populations. g) Weak disaster risk reduction and preparedness related to floods and droughts. h) Lack of implementation of nature-based solutions i) Poor water information systems for environmental economic accounting for water. j) Limited integrated catchment management measures. k) Weak mainstreaming of gender equality and social inclusion in water security and climate resilience building. l) Poor integrated water resources planning.

2.8 WASTE MANAGEMENT

2.8.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level Provision of solid waste management is the mandate of the Local Authority in line with the Solid Waste Regulation and Management Act of 2018. The local authority will continue to pay attention to appropriate equipment and infrastructure for solid waste management to facilitate sustainable service delivery. Some of the priorities implemented include; • Maintenance of dump sites; • Maintenance of waste management facilities such as collection bays; • Collection, storage and transportation of refuse; • Supervision of community-based enterprises, waste collectors and waste managers in the district. 79 | P a g e

2.8.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.8.2.1 Availability of Service The management of solid waste by the local authority is done in 8 designated waste collection bays which are found in markets and trading areas. Collection of refuse from the designated Bays is done on a weekly basis with regular emergency collections done as the bays get filled up regularly due to inadequate bays. The common type of waste collected is shown in table 24 below; Table 24: Type of Solid Waste in the District Waste Type Type Source Food remains Bones, vegetables Residential areas/boarding school/restaurants/lodges/markets/trading shops Plastic waste Bottles, food containers, Residential areas/boarding bags school/restaurants/lodges/markets/trading shops/bars and night clubs Paper waste Tissues, office paper, Schools/government cardboards institutions/churches/trading shops/residential areas/stationery shops Glass Bottles Residential areas/bars/night clubs/trading shops/markets Sanitary products Diapers Residential areas/boarding school Rags Clothes Residential areas/boarding school/markets Other waste Ashes, wood, leather Residential areas/ boarding school (Source, Itezhi Tezhi Council, 2023)

2.8.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance To enhance quality of waste collections, the Local authority procured a light truck to enable the collection of scheduled waste to be more effective and consistent to an extent of reaching out to areas where waste has always been historical due to non-collection. The local authority usually compact waste at the dumpsite in such a way as to create space for future waste without necessarily burning the waste deposited at the site to avoid climate concerns. The local authority does not have household collections, which means that most households rely on the available waste bays in the areas or opt to dig pits in their yards and practice opening burning of waste when the pits are full thereby polluting the air. Table 25: Key Performance Indicators in Waste Management Thematic Area Sector Service Key IDP Target Baseline Comment Performance Indicator Human and Waste CBD Solid Solid waste 28,800 tones 2,880 The greatest challenge in 80 | P a g e social management waste collected tones attaining 100% waste development collection being collection is high collected indiscriminate disposal of per year waste. Human and Waste Disposal of Solid waste Construction Temporal Waste management at the social management solid disposed of a landfill dumpsite temporal dumpsite is poor development waste being and the site is prone to used scavengers. This challenge will be solved by constructing a landfill. (Source, IDP Team, 2024)

2.8.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.8.3.1 Availability of Service Information from community submissions indicated that solid waste management was focused in the urban wards while rural wards do not benefit from such services.

2.8.3.2 Quality of Service Community members in the CBD mentioned that the available designated waste bays get filled up and at times are left like that for days before being collected by the Local authority. The filled bays create bad odors, attract flies and generally look unattractive.

2.8.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.8.4.1 Population Change- Future Demand for Services and Facilities The district’s projected increase in demographics will increase the generation of waste through domestic and economic activities which ultimately will demand that more waste collection facilities are built, more planned zones and equipment procured with the availability of an engineered landfill and remediation strategies in place.

2.8.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes The district has one dumpsite known as Makachambwe which is about 10 km from the CBD along the D769 (Itezhi Tezhi – Lusaka Road). The local authority collects wastes from designated sites to dump at Makachambwe. 81 | P a g e

2.8.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns Continued indiscriminate disposal of waste by the community is likely to create a chronic situation where historical waste will pile up in key strategic areas/zones meant for planning of new dwelling areas and economic purposes. The land will become a blighted area making it undesirable for intended purposes.

2.8.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.8.6.1 Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change The use of waste bays by multiple source waste generators, waste pits and open dump filling has the potential to impact land use negatively. Indiscriminate waste tends to pollute underground water through contamination by leachate seepages. Land that could have been used for gardening and other activities of economic importance are likely to be taken up by historic waste due to indiscriminate disposals. Air pollution due to open burning of waste at dumpsites and waste bays has the potential to contribute greatly to climate change.

2.8.7 Core Problems in Waste Management Sector Some of the core problems experienced with waste management in the district include; • Indiscriminate disposal of waste • Open burning of waste • Inadequate waste disposal facilities • Scavenging at dump sites ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION & JOB CREATION

2.9 AGRICULTURE

2.9.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level The overall objective of the Agriculture Sector in the district is to promote appropriate farming technologies in order to increase agricultural production, productivity and efficient management of agricultural produce and products for sustainable income generation, household and national food and nutrition security. Table 26 below indicates the main priorities being implemented; 82 | P a g e Table 26: Government Priorities Implemented in Agricultural Sector National Priority District Level Implementation Policy Second To increase Promoting mechanized farming, the use of improved crop varieties and certified seed; National agricultural Particularly increase productivity of maize from about 2 ton/ha to about 4 ton/ha. Agricultural production Policy and productivity, through the Promoting high value irrigable crops among small and medium scale farmers; following measures. Promoting efficient use of fertilizers and agrochemicals; GRZ funded Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP) and promotion of Climate Agriculture practices To improve the Promoting private sector participation in agricultural markets for inputs and outputs; efficiency of Agro-dealers and private suppliers participating in provision of inputs to farmers in the agricultural FISP E-voucher system; private companies and other off-takers’ participation in the markets for marketing of agricultural produce. inputs and outputs Promoting warehouse receipt system for agricultural produce such as maize, cowpeas, groundnuts and soya beans. To increase Strengthening agricultural information management systems and dissemination private sector (establish agricultural marketing information centers); Smart Zambia Institute participation developed the Zambia Integrated Agricultural Information Management System in agricultural (ZIAMIS) that has helped to modernize implementation of the FISP and management development of agricultural information in Zambia. The system will be enhanced to include Extension Service Support, support for value addition, storage and logistics. Promoting private sector investment in agro-processing and marketing. To improve Establishment of a district ‘FOOD RESERVE’; working with the local authority to create a food and viable irrigation system capable of producing enough staple food to feed the entire nutrition population in the district for the whole year. security Promoting diversification of agricultural production and utilization for both field and horticultural crops; FISP e-Voucher promotes the growing of various crops and development of agriculture ventures away from maize. In that vein, the department will also aim at achieving a minimum of 5 fruit trees per household as a way of enhancing food and nutrition security. Promoting value addition in the agricultural sector such as Peanut butter and oil from groundnuts produced by women and youth clubs; oil and feedstock cakes from sunflower and Soya beans; Juice and Jam from mangoes. Determining and reduce post-harvest losses; Construction of cooperative sheds, fumigation of stored crop, promotion of PICS bags and Hermetic bins Promoting nutrition education; The Department of Agriculture (Nutrition Section) working with women clubs to demonstrate processing and storage of traditional vegetables. To promote Promoting sustainable land management technologies (CA, appropriate stock the densities) by establishing demo sites around the District and a minimum of 4 Farmer sustainable Field Schools per Agricultural Camp management Promoting use of renewable energy sources (solar, biogas and wind) for processing 83 | P a g e and use of and irrigation systems natural resources Promoting the efficient use of available water resources for irrigation through the Development and promotion of water harvesting, storage and utilisation infrastructure; Rain water harvesting and drip irrigation demos through rehabilitation of existing earth dams and sinking of wells for irrigation. To mainstream Promoting and strengthening agricultural production methods that are resilient to environment Climate Change; Establish Sustainable Land Management (CA) demonstration sites for and Climate showcasing sustainable ways of increasing production and productivity while Change in the mitigating factors of climate change. agriculture sector Promoting weather-based insurance schemes especially among smallholder farmers; 10, 675 FISP beneficiary farmers in the District are currently on the Weather Index Insurance scheme To promote Promoting women and youth’s participation in the agriculture sector. the mainstreaming Encourage Women and youth cooperatives and club’s to participate in the FISP and of gender, HIV other agricultural programs implemented with collaborating programs such as the FSP and AIDS, and and CDF supported projects. governance issues in agriculture (Source, MOA, 2024)

2.9.2 Description of the Existing State of Development The district covers an area of about 13,000 square kilometers and generally receives rainfall ranging between 800 - 1000 mm annually. The total arable land for the district is estimated at 88,192 Ha while the total cultivated area is estimated at 53,115.45 Ha. This cultivation is done by 45,000+ small and medium scale farmers in the district. The district is divided into twenty (20) Agricultural camps of which Sixteen (16) are manned by Agriculture field staff. 84 | P a g e Figure 13: Agricultural Camps (Source, IDP Team, 2024) Since the establishment of the district in 1996, there has not been any corresponding meaningful development of infrastructure in the agricultural sector. Out of the 20 agricultural camps, only 8 have camp houses, of which all are in a deplorable state. Meanwhile, of the 6 agricultural blocks, there is no single house for block officers. In addition, the agricultural sector in the district has no Farmer Training Centre nor is there office accommodation. Crop Production Crop production in the district has improved over time. The district was predominantly involved in livestock production as per Ila (indigenous inhabitants) custom. However, the migration of other tribes into the district such as the Tonga speaking people has seen the shift from livestock to crop production over the recent years. Table 27: Crop Production Estimates in the District (2016-2020) Crop 2016 Target 2017 Target 2018 Target 2019 Target 2020 Target (Tons) (Tons) (Tons) (Tons) (Tons) Maize 15,886 19,858 58,142 72,678 25,910 32,388 28,351 35,439 76,441 95,551 85 | P a g e Sunflower 72 90 93 116 - - 2,526 3,158 Groundnuts 2,508 3,135 2,327 2,909 945 1,181 1,752 2,190 7,037 8,796 Soya beans 68 85 5,189 6,486 5,423 6,779 8,715 10,894 4,569 5,711 Cotton 402 503 3,200 4,000 - - 15,684 19,605 Beans 61 76.3 59 74 615 769 688 860 151 189 Cowpeas 172 215 198 248 323 404 519 649 3,120 3,900 Sweet 4,582 5,728 4,258 5,323 - - 23,597 29,496 potatoes Cassava 4,020 5,025 4,667 5,834 - - 4,402 5,503 (MOA, 2024) The yield per crop has improved greatly over time to an average of 2.1t/ha for maize among small and medium scale farmers. The intervention by the various stakeholders has proved to be of great help in improving yields in the district. The availability of good and genuine seed, the improvement in the FISP allocation and the introduction of some farming technologies such as conservation farming have led to improved yields for various crops. Food Reserve Agency (FRA) The FRA has received a lot of support from the farmers in the district and has over the recent past supplied the agency with overwhelming quantities of maize. As of 2020/21 season, the FRA purchased 271,534 x 50kg white maize during the marketing period amounting to K38, 457, 450.00. The maize floor price has steadily increased over the years and this has led to increased supply by the farmers in the district. The private sector is also very active in crop marketing in the district and plays a major role in the economy. 86 | P a g e Table 28: FRA Maize Purchases (2020/2021 - 2021/2022 Seasons) (Source, Department of Agriculture, 2022) Cooperatives The development of cooperatives and farmer organizations contribute to the economic growth in the district. The district has the following registered cooperatives as at 2024; Table 29: Agricultural Cooperatives in the District CAMP WARD NO. OF REGISTERED COOP. ITT CENTRAL MASEMU/ITT 52 KAANZWA KAANZWA/ITUMBI 194 BABIZHI LUBANDA 29 LUBANDA LUBANDA 57 BANAMWAZE BANAMWAZE 27 MAKUNKU MAKUNKU 123 MUUNGA NYAMBO 47 BASANGA BASANGA 19 87 | P a g e NANZHILA LUCHENA 32 LUUBWE LUUBWE 20 MBILA MBILA/SHAMBALA 358 TOTAL 1039 (Source, Ministry of Agriculture, 2024)

2.9.2.1 Availability of Service Agricultural extension services The district is divided into 20 agricultural camps and 6 blocks serviced by 14 Agricultural assistants and 2 Agricultural supervisors respectively. There has been an improvement in the number of officers in the district in the recent past however the district still requires staff especially block officers and subject matter specialists in order to improve service delivery. The district is benefiting from the farmer input support programme (FISP) under the e-voucher system with 10,675 caseloads against the population of 33,471 small scale farmers. Table 30: Population with Access to Agricultural Services CAMP NO. NO.HH NO.OF FARMERS TOTAL No. OF AVAILABILITY AVAILABILITY VILLAGES FARMER OF OF EXTENSION M F GROUPS EXTENSION SERVICES OFFICER Luubwe 38 737 877 762 1,639 20 YES YES Basanga 42 560 805 1,067 1,872 12 YES YES Ntubya 29 316 603 512 1,115 7 YES YES Nanzhila 51 702 593 641 1,234 32 YES YES Mbila 31 462 2,953 2,346 5,299 131 YES YES Makumucha 22 304 959 819 1,778 124 YES YES Shambala 30 352 2,062 2,386 4,448 103 NO YES Babizhi 13 220 847 781 1,628 15 NO YES Masasabi 15 205 763 692 1,455 14 YES YES Lubanda 14 350 1,376 748 2,124 31 YES YES Banachoongo 15 202 775 1,035 1,810 26 NO YES Banamwaze 48 440 777 769 1,546 27 YES YES Makunku 13 366 1,055 683 1,738 59 YES YES Mwako 9 214 557 924 1,481 64 NO YES Muunga 16 153 956 834 1,790 47 YES YES Itezhi Tezhi 15 2126 1,279 1,253 2,532 28 YES YES Central Ikonkaile 13 1534 554 1,195 1,749 24 YES YES Kaanzwa 17 1580 3,026 1,139 4,165 72 YES YES Mutenda 18 1340 1,701 1,622 3,323 68 YES YES Kayawe 13 1195 486 2,597 3,083 54 YES YES TOTAL 460 13,356 23,004 22,805 45,809 958 16 (Source, Ministry of Agriculture, 2024) 88 | P a g e

2.9.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators The Ministry of Agriculture is mandated to facilitate the development of a sustainable and diversified agriculture sector for food and nutrition security and income generation. However, availability of extension services is on a lower scale due to a number of reasons and one of them is the Extension Officer to farmer ratio. Currently the agricultural extension officer ratio to small scale farmers stands at 1:2,391 in 2022 against a recommendation of 1:400-600. This has resulted in reduced quality of service to farmers. The service provided is not adequate for the growing farmer population in the wards based on National Standards due to a number of challenges faced by the sector such as transport, office and housing accommodation and the terrain. Table 31: Key Performance Indicators in Agricultural Sector Thematic Sector Service Key Performance Indicator IDP Actual Area Target Economic Agriculture Market Linkages Farmers increased access to 95% 40% Transformati markets on and Job Farmer Input Increased agricultural 95% 40% Creation Support production and Productivity Extension Services Increased awareness level on 95% 30% Support agricultural Information Value Chain Increased agricultural 95% 40% Development diversification Increased dietary 95% 30% diversification Agricultural Increased availability and 95% 25% Mechanization and adoption of agriculture Irrigation technologies and practices Development Increased investment in 95% 20% agriculture (Source, Ministry of Agriculture, 2024)

2.9.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.9.3.1 Availability of Service From discussions, Community members mentioned that some of the department’s services are available in their wards including Farmer input support program (FISP) and extension services provided by camp officers.

2.9.3.2 Quality of Service With regards to the quality of extension services, communities in areas like Shambala, Luchena, Luubwe and Kaanzwa mentioned that the service was inadequate and not readily provided as most of the camp officers did not stay in the wards with the communities due to lack of 89 | P a g e accommodation. As a result, camp officers are not always available to provide advisory services to farmers. Communities also mentioned that the FISP programme, though available, was not adequate as the packs provided were not enough and the number of beneficiaries was not enough to cover the farmer population. Community’ members further added that the service of training farmers on sustainable farming methods was inadequate due to lack of training centers. A service of conducting surveys to identify new agricultural areas was poor as well as conducting testing/analysis of soil samples.

2.9.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.9.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities The farmer population is expected to increase by approximately 40% from the current 45,000 in the next ten years. This will result in high demand for the various services and facilities to be provided by the sector such as; ● Increased number of hectares under mechanized farming systems by small and medium scale farmers. ● Improved cereal storage technologies. ● Training of farmers adopting processing of oil seeds for value addition. ● Improved provision of extension services. ● Land under irrigation/off-season crop production. ● Provision of training facilities such as Farmer Training Centres. ● Increased number of well-functioning Farmer Field Schools per camp. ● Increased hectares and number of farmers practicing Climate Smart Agriculture.

2.9.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes Table 32: Existing and Proposed Developments in Agricultural Sector Existing Inv. Dev. Programmes Masasabi Resettlement and irrigation Scheme - 90 | P a g e Masasabi Resettlement Scheme Masasabi dam was constructed in 1999 -2001 with the help of funds from the World Bank through the Zambian government and the Ministry of Agriculture’s Rural Investment Fund (RIF) as an implementing Ministry. The dam was constructed for the purposes of domestic use by the community, for livestock, gardening, molding bricks for improved houses, for stocking fish for consumption and selling. The construction of the irrigation canals/Tanks took place between 2010 -2012 and 80% of the works were done which included canal construction (1,050m long), 4 concrete tanks (125,000 Litres) capacity each and each tank was designed to irrigate about 1.25 ha of land at a time targeting to irrigate a total of 5 ha with potential to increase to 7 ha.

2.9.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns As the district population continues to rise, demand for food, energy and income will also increase. Overpopulation will result in land resource scarcity, fragmentation of farm plots, and ecological degradation such as increasing emissions, soil erosion, deforestation, and the overuse of natural resources.

2.9.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.9.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change Agricultural activities can contribute to climate change and destruction to the environment when done unsustainably. Trends such as opening up of new farms or arable land and infrastructure development have resulted in massive clearing of trees which in turn contributes to soil erosion and climate change. Unsustainable agricultural practices and indiscriminate use of pesticides has resulted in reduced ecological systems and buildup of pests and diseases.

2.9.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector Climate change and variability has adversely affected the performance of the Agricultural Sector. The most pronounced manifestations of climate change are: a rise in temperature, leading to increased heat stress and reduced crop yields; changes in rainfall patterns: increasingly erratic rainfall events of high intensity, leading to floods and more frequent droughts and dry spells. Others are delayed onset of the rain season and an early tailing off, thus reducing the growing period for crops. 91 | P a g e An El Nino, a weather pattern which generally results in lower rains in Southern Africa and ultimately affected the district, was experienced in 2015 and early 2016. This affected the plant water requirements and ultimately the crop yield. The 2018/19 season also experienced prolonged dry spells attributed to climate change.

2.9.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups An estimated 65 percent of women are engaged in agriculture, compared with 57 percent of men. Agriculture remains the main source of income and employment especially for rural women. Therefore, recognizing women and men's equal participation in agriculture and rural development and the benefit for their contribution is important in ensuring food security and poverty eradication. Sustainable economic growth especially in agriculture and rural development cannot be achieved by efforts that exclude more than half of the rural population (women) involved in agriculture. Agricultural programmes in the Ministry are designed in such a way that at least 30% of beneficiaries are women as stipulated by the 2014 Gender Policy. Deliberate efforts also ensure that the youth benefit from all interventions that are designed and implemented in the Sector. Emerging gender concerns in the agriculture sector cover gender cropping, labour patterns, land tenure and access to resources among others. The Ministry will thus enhance implementation of programmes aimed at mainstreaming gender issues, persons living with disabilities, HIV/AIDS and other vulnerable groups.

2.9.8 Core Problems in Agriculture Sector Some of the major constraints to agricultural growth in the district include: • Inadequate funding from Treasury • Outbreak of crop pests and diseases • Lack of Agricultural infrastructure • Overdependence on rain fed agriculture. On the other hand, Itezhi-tezhi is part of the global village which has not been spared from the effects of Climate Change and an unpredictable global economy. 92 | P a g e

2.10 FISHERIES & LIVESTOCK

2.10.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level The objective of the department of Fisheries and Livestock is to facilitate and Support the development of sustainable, diversified and competitive fisheries and livestock sectors that assure food nutrition security, contribute to job creation and maximize profits. The mandate is anchored on Government Gazette notice No. 183 of 2012. The main priorities being implemented in the district include; • Fisheries and Aquaculture Research. • Fisheries and Livestock Extension. • Fisheries and Management Development. • Strengthening of capacity to prevent, control and/or eradicate animal diseases. • Strengthening the animal identification and traceability system. • Strengthening the implementation of veterinary public health and food safety. • Facilitating trade in animals, animal products and animal by-products. • Promoting animal welfare. • Mainstreaming cross cutting issues in the provision of animal health services

2.10.2 Description of the Existing State of Development Livestock rearing is carried out in the entire district of Itezhi-tezhi with certain areas having higher records of cattle such as; Luubwe, Nanzhila, Makunku and Banamwaze Camps. Livestock Production The district has recorded an increase in various categories of livestock over the years. The well- coordinated disease surveillance and combat has proved to be very helpful in livestock population increase. Below is a table of estimated Livestock population from 2020 - 2022 in Itezhi- tezhi district. Table 33: Estimates of Livestock Population 2020-2022 Species Muunga Makunku Banamwaze Lubanda Babizhi ITT Nanzhila Luubwe Basanga ITT Total Camp central Cattle 15,232 16589 16,670 12,900 10,333 12,193 24245 25000 10,072 10256 153,490 Sheep 221 341 444 419 421 421 315 323 121 216 3242 Goat 4952 5114 6261 7144 6237 5352 8850 4973 3252 2518 54653 Pig 796 2079 1908 3218 2727 3547 4441 2930 1074 1370 24090 Donkey 318 522 616 507 313 618 1922 916 916 211 6859 Rabbit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 112 112 Chickens 11231 15962 13922 14877 8916 39864 37700 13799 15300 9671 181242 93 | P a g e Ducks 816 1508 1618 2010 1721 2022 2107 901 613 1213 14529 G.Fowls 412 412 511 412 315 510 631 411 347 418 4379 Ostriche 7 4 0 0 5 12 0 0 0 0 28 s Pigeons 1966 2944 3264 2967 1967 4371 4279 621 718 201 23298 Turkey 519 401 311 191 112 159 111 0 0 71 1875 (Source, MFL, 2023) Rangeland Management The district has one rangeland that was established and mapped in August 2020. It is located in Chikaza Munyama Chiefdom in Headman Shasokwe’s area. The total area mapped is 23, 389.22 hectares. The objective of establishing the rangeland in the district is to take stock of the natural resources to sustainably utilize them and to improve livestock production and productivity. Approximately 500ha of the rangeland mapped have been over-sown with improved grasses and legumes between 2020 and 2023 farming seasons to improve the vegetation quality and quantity for livestock feeding. However, overgrazing and human activities including bush burning, excessive tree cutting and encroachment still remain a challenge leading to degradation. Rangelands are important because: • They are the primary source of feed for livestock and game industry in Zambia. 95-99% of ruminant livestock and game animals depend on rangelands that are either on private or communal ownership. • They are an essential and renewable natural resource hosting a biodiversity of natural and artificial features vital to ecosystems and human life. These include forests, grasslands, water resources, soils, hills, mountains, anthills, animals, insects, birds. • They are habitats for many ecosystems that ensure a balance of the natural cycles (Carbon, Nitrogen, Rain, Food etc). This balance is the life thread for human existence. • They are the home of the rural population in Zambia where their entire livelihoods depend on. • They are recreational. • They are reserves for industrialization and developments for current and future generations. • Rangeland harbor primary resources for industry and manufacturing. 94 | P a g e Figure 14: Babizhi Rangeland (Source, MFL, 2024) 95 | P a g e Fisheries Production Other than livestock, Itezhi-tezhi district is endowed with abundant fishery resources; Kafue flats fishery in the Kafue flats and Lake Itezhi-tezhi fishery. The Kafue Flats fishery is typically a floodplain fishery that contributes significantly to the livelihoods of the people of Itezhi-tezhi as a source of food and income. The fishery stretches for about 240 Km in length from the Itezhi-tezhi dam wall to the Kafue gorge dam wall. The part of the fishery under Itezhi-tezhi district covers about 40 % of the entire flats. The Kafue flats fishery is managed by the Fisheries Department through an Act of Parliament (Fisheries Act No. 22 of 2011 and its subsidiary regulations). Lake Itezhi-Tezhi fishery lies on the Kafue River at 15o 46 ´0” S and 25o 59 ´0” E. The lake which was built in 1977 is about 374 Km2 in size with a maximum depth of 55 m. Figure 15: Lake Itezhi-Tezhi Fisheries (Source, Department of Fisheries and Livestock, 2023) The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) and the Department of Fisheries (DoF) collaborate in conducting law enforcement activities on the lake such as control of illegal fishing 96 | P a g e practices and implementation of the closed fishing season programme. Fishers access fishing sites during the fishing season (March – November) through park entry permits issued by the DNPW and fishing licenses issued by the Department of Fisheries. Fish Species There are about 60 - 77 fish species recorded from the two fishery areas. Twenty three (23) of these are considered commercially important. The fishery is dominated by cichlids (Oreochromis macrochir, O. andersonii and recent introduction of O. niloticus; Tilapia rendalli, T. sparrmanii, Serranochromis angusticeps); Clariid catfishes (Clarias gariepinus, C. ngamensis); Schilbe mystus; Hepsetus odoe; Labeo molybdinus. Less important species include Serranochromis robustus, S. thumbergii, S. macrocephalus, Haplochromis carlottae, H.codringtonii, H. giardi, Synodontis macrostigma, Brycinus lateralis, Marcusenius macrolepidotus, Petrocephalus catostoma, and Mormyrus lacerda. The two fishery areas have over the years recorded two invasive species in the name of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that was contentiously introduced in the early 1980s and the red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). Up until the year 2017, the Nile tilapia was restricted to the Kafue River in terms of distribution but has now been recorded throughout the lake.

2.10.2.1 Availability of Service Livestock Extension Services The district is divided into 10 veterinary camps which are manned by veterinary assistants. The current officer to Farmer ratio stands at 1:2000 against the standard ratio of 1:400. Most of the services provided at field level are channeled towards controlling and containment of livestock diseases with a primary aim of increasing livestock production and productivity. Table 34: Livestock Extension Services Availability of Livestock Extension S/N Ward Veterinary Camp Extension Officer Services Available 1 Nyambo Muunga Yes Yes 2 Makunku Makunku Yes Yes 3 Banamwaze Banamwaze Yes Yes 4 Lubanda Lubanda Yes Yes 5 Babizhi Babizhi Yes Yes 6 Kaanzwa Itezhi-tezhi Yes Yes 7 Itumbi Itezhi-tezhi Yes Yes 8 Luchena Nanzhila Yes Yes 97 | P a g e 9 Mbila Nanzhila Yes Yes 10 Luubwe Luubwe Yes No 11 Basanga Basanga Yes Yes 12 Masemu Itezhi-tezhi Central Yes Yes (Source, MFL, 2024) Figure 16 below shows the current veterinary camps in the district; Figure 16: Veterinary Camps Livestock Management and Diseases The district faces challenges with livestock diseases which have contributed to the sector failing to realize its full potential. The major diseases affecting livestock are tick borne diseases such as 98 | P a g e East Coast Fever, Anaplasmosis and Heat Water. Further, the disease condition in the district has been challenging because of inadequate livestock facilities such as dipping facilities. In spite of the challenges, the department, through extension services, continues to sensitize farmers on controlling livestock diseases and treating all active clinical cases of diseases. Many disease preventive measures are conducted such as deworming, vaccinations, vector control and immunizations of various livestock. Livestock Infrastructure Table 35 below shows the available livestock infrastructure including dip tanks and spray race; Table 35: Livestock Infrastructure Camp Dip Tank Spray race Communal Private Communal Private Functional Non Functional Non Available Available Functional Functional Makunku 2 1 1 0 0 4 Muunga 5 1 4 0 0 4 Banamwaze 5 2 4 0 1 5 Lubanda 2 2 2 1 0 4 ITT Central 4 3 4 0 1 3 Babizhi 4 1 4 0 0 4 ITT Camp 1 1 1 0 1 2 Nanzhila 5 0 0 2 0 3 Luubwe 1 6 6 0 0 4 Basanga 9 1 4 0 0 1 (Source, MFL, 2024)

2.10.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators Table 36 below shows the quality of the services provided by the department; Table 36: Key Performance Indicators in Fisheries & Livestock Thematic Area Sector Service Key Performance Indicator Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Control of livestock and fish Livestock and Fish Disease job creation diseases Control and Prevention Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Livestock breeding and Service Number of Livestock job creation Centre Development breeding and Service Centers Development Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Fisheries and Livestock Support Number of Fisheries job creation Infrastructure Development support infrastructure constructed and desegregated by function Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Livestock production Number of Livestock and job creation Fish Breeds protected Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Early warning systems Number of People per job creation development 100000 that are covered by early warning information through 99 | P a g e district and satellite dissemination mechanism per year Fisheries and Livestock Early warning systems An Integrated early Economic diversification and development warning system job creation developed Fisheries and Livestock Fisheries and Livestock Extension Fisheries and Livestock Economic diversification and Delivery Services service coverage job creation improved and the ratio of extension worker to farmer reduced Fisheries and Livestock Fisheries and Livestock product Commodity of product Economic diversification and Diversification range of Fisheries and job creation Livestock increased and the number of new farming households diversifying into production of livestock of selected types Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Fisheries and Livestock Research Type of fish and livestock job creation breeds protected. Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Capture fisheries development job creation Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Aquaculture fisheries job creation development. Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Livestock Pasture and Forage Area (hectares) of job creation Development rangeland rehabilitated Economic diversification and Fisheries and Livestock Support in Livestock and Market linkages job creation Fisheries Marketing Fisheries and Livestock Availability of extension Support to Veterinary Camp Economic diversification and services operations job creation Fisheries and Livestock Livestock Disease Extension Availability of extension Economic diversification and services job creation (Source, MFL, 2024)

2.10.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.10.3.1 Availability of Service Submissions from Community members in various wards mentioned that some of the department’s services are available in their wards including animal health services (vaccines, immunizations & disease surveillance) and extension services provided by camp officers. Sensitizations on sustainable fishing methods are also done in various areas.

2.10.3.2 Quality of Service Communities stated that the animal health services and advisory services provided were not easily accessed because of the poor extension services in most wards. Communities mentioned that extension officers were not always stationed in the communities. 100 | P a g e Equipment and infrastructure for livestock services and livestock improvement is inadequate and mostly unavailable with most wards lacking equipment like dip tanks, milk collection centers, artificial insemination and livestock restocking centers. With the aspect of fisheries, the major concern was that the department does not provide adequate sensitization and training to enable more people to engage in fish farming which would reduce the dependence on the lake and dam for fishing activities.

2.10.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.10.4.1 Population change - Future demand for Services and Facilities The demand for land is increasing as the population increases. The increase in demand for land for construction activities will lead to the reduction in grazing land for livestock whose population will also increase over the next 10 years. The increase in livestock will also increase the demand for livestock services such as vaccinations and disease control through construction of livestock infrastructure such as Dip tanks, livestock service centers and camp houses. The increase in the population will also increase demand for employment opportunities in fishing activities (fishing and trading) in the fisheries thereby threatening depletion of fish species. On the other hand, the increasing demand for fishing activities will see more investments in fish farming activities such as fish ponds and setting up fish cages.

2.10.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes Table 37: Existing and Proposed Investments in Fisheries & Livestock Existing Investment Development Programs Fish freezing and Marketing facility Tire 3 Livestock Service Centre

2.10.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns The continuation of the existing trend of increase in livestock population will see the land mostly in the plains continuously serving as grazing lands. The rise in the livestock population will also increase the demand for infrastructure such as dip tanks and hence available land will be used for new infrastructure constructions. 101 | P a g e Population distribution patterns are also likely to continue increasing around fishing areas as fishing remains one of the major livelihoods for both men and women.

2.10.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.10.6.1 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector The performance of the Fisheries and Livestock sectors depends on the environment and good climate. Good climatic conditions will spur production in the sector. However, the change in climate over the years has affected the growth in the sector. The impacts of climate change resulting in unpredictable rainfall patterns and extreme weather conditions, such as droughts and rising temperatures affect the wellbeing of livestock as they lack enough water which is further necessitated by the lack of water infrastructure such as dams in most wards. Rising temperatures increase the risk of pests that affect livestock.

2.10.7 Core Problems in Fisheries and Livestock Sector • Low Fisheries and Livestock production and productivity. • Diminished investment in fisheries and livestock research and development. • Inefficient Fisheries and Livestock extension service delivery due to vastness of Veterinary camps. • Overdependence on capture fisheries leading to over-fishing in natural water bodies. • Poor management of range lands. • Lack of water sources for livestock. • Lack of improved pastures and forage for livestock. • Limited or no access and availability to Fisheries and Livestock finance and credit facilities. • Low private sector participation in the Fisheries and Livestock development. • Unsustainable use of natural resources. • Low resilience to Climate Change effects. • Lack of Fisheries and Livestock Infrastructure. • Lack of camp houses for camp staff. • Poor Livestock and Fish disease control programs. • Inadequate funding from the Government. • Inadequate mainstreaming of Gender and Governance issues, HIV and AIDS. • Limited transport for Fisheries and Livestock frontline staff. 102 | P a g e

2.11 TOURISM

2.11.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level Tourism is a tool that has the potential to provide economic and rural Development in the district as it generates income, job creation, promotes wildlife conservation and improves standards of living. According to the tourism policy, the Government will actively promote tourism development in areas where tourism offers a competitive form of land use and ensure that tourism is integrated. At local level, the main priorities to be implemented will include; • Provision of Infrastructure. • Development of tourist attractions and experiences. • Support for festivals and events. • Implementation of tourist promotion plans.

2.11.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.11.2.1 Availability of Service The district has the potential to be a big tourist destination due to numerous tourist products shown in table 38 below; Table 38: Tourism Products in the District Type Number Name Description National Park 1 Kafue National Park The park covers an area of 22,400 km2 comprising about 36% of the country’s National Park estate. The Park has nine Game Management Areas. The park is also recognized for its ease of access to the Southern and Western Zambia safari circuit. Game Management 02 Namwala and Nkala GMAs The Game Management Areas (GMAs) form Area the second layer of protection to the Kafue National Park. The GMAs have potential for wildlife abundance and as such potential destinations for cultural, Non-Consumptive (Photographic Safari) and Consumptive (Hunting Safari) tourism. The GMAs have a dual function of biodiversity conservation and human settlements; as such the socio-economic status of the immediate and primary uses of the area is critical to the development of tourism in Itezhi Tezhi district. Hot springs 03 Bilili, Mabiya and Loongola Hot springs are of great tourism benefit located in Shezongo, Kaingu and Musungwa Chiefdoms respectively. Heritage sites 07 Nakalomwe Hill, Old Nkala Mission, Need to create a good road network that Nanzhila Mission, Kainda Baila, makes heritage sites accessible. Kapiri kalubanji, Loongola and 103 | P a g e Kapili Kalila Mukombwe, Traditional Ceremony 01 Kaponde Ceremony in chief There is one official Traditional Ceremony Shezongo known as Kaponde of Chief Shezongo and other unofficial such as; Bulongo of Subchief Shalooba of the Ila Speaking people of Luubwe, Munyama Waala of the Chief Chikaza Munyama of the Ila people In Lubanda which may be soon gazetted as it has been successfully been hosted for three (3) consecutive years. Lake 01 Itezhi Tezhi Makes the highest potential for tourism attraction with beautiful lake side views, fish and wildlife abundance. River 01 Kafue Potential for tourism attraction with activities such as; fishing, boating, hunting, game viewing e.g. Hippo and Crocodiles. Kafue river and its floodplain are particularly well-known for their rich birdlife. Traditional fishing 01 In chief Shezongo Fishing using weir and spears. Safari Lodges/Game 08 Hornbill, Konkamoya, Chibila, Type of accommodation is mainly used by Lodge Musungwa, Nanzhila plain, tourists on wildlife safaris in the Kafue National Nanzhila lake side, New Kalala, Old Park and the two Game Management Areas Palm Tree (Nkala and Namwala). Camp Site 02 Hippo Bay and Ngoma Camp Sites Camping tents used for accommodation. Airstrip 01 Ngoma Airstrip in the Kafue National Park within Itezhi Tezhi district. Lodges/Guest Houses 08 Mutukipilu, Katunta, Oasis, Accommodation used by tourists. Limbuyoti, Konzani, ZESCO, Kaingu, CMS (Source, DNPW, 2023) Other available tourist products include; Game drives (Day and night), Boating, Guided Walking Safari, Sport/Game/Angling, Fishing (Recreational fishing), Educational tours and Game Hunting.

2.11.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators Itezhi tezhi district is destined to be a great tourist destination. However, the road infrastructure is bad, posing challenges in accessing certain tourist sites especially during the rainy season. The district also lacks adequate room capacity to cater for a high number of tourists who may come in large numbers.

2.11.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.11.3.1 Availability of Service Information collected from communities indicated that tourism services and products are available although they were inadequate and mostly not accessed by locals but only those visiting the district.

2.11.3.2 Quality of Service Despite the availability of services, road infrastructure is still bad, posing challenges in accessing certain tourist sites such as the hot springs especially during the rainy season. 104 | P a g e

2.11.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.11.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities The continued growth of the population over the next 10 years, the number of potential tourists will also rise. The increased number of tourists will result in the demand for; increased number of lodges, Camping sites, and most importantly improved road networks for access to many tourist attractions.

2.11.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programmes The district has a number of existing investments in the sector such as airstrip (Ngoma), camp sites, lodges and an elephant orphanage among others.

2.11.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns The continuation of the existing trends will see more land being secured for tourism products such as constructions of tourist accommodations, campsites and ranches. Such developments are likely to attract people looking for employment opportunities and services.

2.11.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.11.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change The existing trends in the tourism sector have somewhat of a positive impact on the environment and climate change. In order to maintain and increase tourism products, the sector ensures preservation of GMAs, heritage sites, water bodies and tree species thereby reducing harmful activities on the environment.

2.11.7 Core Problems in Tourism Sector The major problems affecting the sector are; • Poaching and wildlife habitat loss • Human Wildlife conflicts • Inadequate accommodation infrastructure • Limited finances for investment • Inadequate infrastructures such as roads, airport/airstrips and Communication • Limited Community participation • Inadequate marketing of Itezhi Tezhi as a tourist destination • Unsustainable land use leading to encroachment, deforestation and land degradation e.g. Namwala Game Management Area. 105 | P a g e

2.12 ROADS & TRANSPORT

2.12.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level Itezhi-tezhi is determined to deliver improved transport infrastructure to grow the economy and improve socio-economic opportunities within the district. Investment in improved transport systems and infrastructure will drive wider economic benefits, including increased investor activities in the district, supporting growth and job creation, raising the productive capacity of the economy, driving efficiency and boosting competitiveness. Some of the priorities being implemented in Itezhi-tezhi include; • Road infrastructure upgrading and rehabilitation • Road infrastructure construction • Road infrastructure maintenance and • Safety enhancement

2.12.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.12.2.1 Availability of Service Road Network The district has 3 main roads; ● D769 to M9 junction (Itezhi-Tezhi to Mongu-Lusaka road junction) 115 km, D769 (Itezhi- Tezhi to Dundumwezi/Kalomo) 199 km; ● M11 (Itezhi-Tezhi to Namwala) 65 km. A pontoon is used to cross the Kafue River along this road and; ● D180 (Itezhi-Tezhi to Mumbwa) 89 km. The district’s main roads cover a total distance of 388 km, out of which only 45 km are tarred (without road markings and signage) while the remaining distance is gravel and in a poor state. This makes travelling, especially during the rainy season, difficult as most vehicles get stuck due to the muddy terrain of the roads. The district also has a feeder road network with a total distance of about 707 km, which links rural health Centres and rural communities. All the feeder roads are dust roads that have not been constructed making it difficult to reach rural communities especially during the rainy season since most of them pass through flood plains. In the urban part of the district, there are 18 township roads totaling about 19.6 km. Of these roads, only 1 is tarred while the rest are gravel. 106 | P a g e Public road transport consists mainly of buses, mini-buses, taxis and ox-carts. Currently, Itezhi-Tezhi has one bus terminus which is operational and only receives small buses, as the road that connects the district to Lusaka (D 769) is in a deplorable state that has led the district not to receive big buses.

2.12.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance Road Maintenance The roads in the district are in very poor condition; most of them have potholes, rutting and gullies in some sections. The condition of the roads results in an average driving speed of 30km/h. Some of the roads measure a width of 3 – 4 meters allowing one vehicle at a time. Itezhi-Tezhi township roads add up to 19.6km in distance and are not surfaced but undergo periodic grading to make them passable or accessible especially during the rainy season. All the district feeder roads are either gravel or earth roads that are in a poor condition and need to be maintained as shown in the table below: Table 39: Feeder Roads S/N ROADS DISTANCE (km) CONDITION 1 Itumbi - Ngoma 49.76 Poor 2 Kanzwa - Masasabi 6.70 Poor 3 Nachisenga - Itezhi-Tezhi 15.00 Poor 4 Itezhi-Tezhi - Ikonkaile 6.00 Poor 5 Itumbi - Babizhi 25.00 Poor 6 Itezhi-Tezhi - Babizhi 19.97 Poor 7 Babizhi - Mabula 43.18 Poor 8 Ngoma - Namwala 60.00 Poor 9 Kanzwa - Kapilimalenje 45.00 Poor 10 Nkobo – D769 15.00 Poor 11 Itezhi-Tezhi - Kanzhili 17.00 Poor 12 Jacob’s gate - Kabulungwe 47.78 Poor 13 Kasaka - Namalonda 15.90 Poor 14 Kasaka - Banamwaze 10.00 Poor 15 Muwezwa- Chimanika 22.46 Poor 16 Manukoku – Mumbwa 55.00 Poor 17 Basanga – Luchena - Mbila 67.00 Poor 107 | P a g e 18 Munga - Nyambo 18.00 Poor 19 Nyambo - Makunku 25.00 Poor 20 Banga - Makunku 75.00 Poor 21 Kabanga - Itomba 35.00 Poor 22 Shampumbe - Banamwaze 10.00 Poor 23 Nyambo - Chibenda 23.00 Poor Total distance 706.75 (Source, Itezhi Tezhi Council, 2024) The district has been unable to carry out major road maintenance or construction works due to inadequate funds. The only works done are mostly on township roads with the usual works being spot gravelling, minor grading, restoration of road cumber and opening up of roads in newly developed areas. The township roads have no concrete storm water drains and culverts and this causes flooding and major silt depositing and erosions on most of the roads. Some of the township and feeder roads have culverts as shown in the table below: Table 40: Existing Bridges Total Number in Number in Poor % in Poor Name of Road Type of Bridge Good Condition Condition Number Condition ITT – Namwala Pipe culverts 2 1 1 50 ITT – Namwala Concrete 1 1 0 0 Masasabi Concrete 1 1 0 0 ITT – Basanga Pipe culverts 1 0 1 100 Luchena – Mbila Concrete 1 0 1 100 ITT – Mumbwa Dam outlet 3 3 0 0 ITT – Mumbwa Pipe culverts 6 6 0 0 ZESCO Road Pipe culverts 1 1 0 0 TOTAL 16 13 3 31.3% (Source, Itezhi Tezhi Council, 2024) Some of the feeder roads in the district require culverts or bridges to allow all year use due to the fact that they pass through plains or a natural drainage cuts across the road itself. 108 | P a g e Table 41: Key Performance Indicators in Roads Sector Thematic Sector Service Key IDP Target Baseline Comment Area Performance Indicator Economic Road and Graveling Kilometers of 432 2.8 Late funding transformation infrastructure and grading Roads Kilometers Kilometers and job development of roads maintained creation Road Kilometers of 397 0 No funding has construction roads Kilometers been allocated to constructed road construction Maintenance Drainages 16Km 1Km Late funding of drainages maintained (Source, Itezhi Tezhi Council, 2024)

2.12.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.12.3.1 Availability of Service Community members stated that they have feeder roads available in their wards that connect them to other wards and districts. However, community members in Kabulungwe ward reported that they do not have any access roads to/within the ward as it is an island.

2.12.3.2 Quality of Service Submissions from community group discussions during a stakeholder engagement meeting showed that the district generally has poor road network and most areas are inaccessible during the rainy season. For instance, Banamwaze ward and Luubwe ward were reported to have no access roads and bridges making accessibility difficult. This has resulted in poor service provision. Kabulungwe ward is an area identified as hard to reach without a road network. Furthermore, it was indicated that the state of the district roads makes travel time longer and deters development. The quality of service provision is measured on the principle of delivery of goods and services to the community within the stipulated time. However, due to the poor road network in the district, goods are not delivered on time and people cannot access services as they have to travel long distances on foot to find transport since roads are not in good condition. 109 | P a g e

2.12.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.12.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities The projected demographic changes over the next ten (10) years are likely to exceed 130,000 people leading to an increase in traffic on urban and rural roads, further putting pressure on the roads. This may lead to roads being severely damaged and hence causing vehicles to have frequent servicing resulting in high financial costs for vehicle owners. If interventions are not implemented, conflicts among various road users (motorists, pedestrians, cyclists) for space on the road are likely to occur. The poor road connectivity will delay and increase cost of constructions of facilities or the delivery of goods which in turn stagnates or reduces the rate of development in the district.

2.12.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs Currently the district only has one constituency (Itezhi-Tezhi) which under the increased Constituency Development Fund (CDF) has commenced the procurement of road construction equipment. There are currently no other transport investment or development programmes in the district.

2.12.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns Generally, settlements across the district will continue expanding in areas of economic activities and ethnic heritage. Development will continue in areas that have easy access to decent roads as economic activities will be centered around settlements of economic activities such as agriculture, fishing, hydro-electric power generation and tourism. Therefore, the population will not be evenly distributed.

2.12.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.12.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change Due to the poor state of roads in the district, illegal settlements are mushrooming along the main district road D769 (Itezhi-Tezhi to Mongu – Lusaka Road junction) in the game management area. The settlements are mainly composed of farmers who have to clear land for farming thus increasing the deforestation levels in the district. With the proximity to the main road, easy and less costly transportation of their farming produce is the main goal. 110 | P a g e

2.12.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups The current transport facilities do not consider the people with special needs and women. In the rural parts of the district, the most common type of transport is trucks, motorcycles and oxcarts which are gender insensitive. The poor transport facilities coupled with bad roads have created a gender gap on access to markets and social facilities especially for women and other vulnerable groups (persons with disabilities). The roads being cut off during the rainy season also creates a challenge for women who are ill or pregnant to access the health services they require, the school going children also cannot access the schools during this period which is usually the National Exam Period for some of the grades.

2.12.8 Core Problems in Roads and Transport Sector The core problems affecting the sector include; • The poor state of the roads makes them impassable especially during the rainy season. This has created a situation where people have challenges accessing social services such as health and education. • The poor road network in the district has contributed to high cost of living and increase in poverty rates. • The lack of financial support to the sector has also contributed to the poor state of roads in the district.

2.13 ENERGY

2.13.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level Power generation in the district is done by Itezhi Tezhi Power Corporation (ITPC) which supplies power through ZESCO. The main government priorities being implemented is the supply of good quality electricity in the district, surrounding areas and the national grid through ZESCO.

2.13.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.13.2.1 Availability of Service Generation of power at peak is 120 Mega Watts. From the total power generated, 3.5 Mega Watts is distributed to the district including Namwala and the remaining is fed to the National grid which is Nambala in Mumbwa district. Generation and provision of electricity to ZESCO is on- going with generation reduction experienced during low water level seasons during which water management is instituted and generation is reduced. 111 | P a g e

2.13.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators Power generation and quality has improved in the district since the installation and commissioning of the temporal distribution transformer by ZESCO in the ITPC switchyard. However, the existence of some old equipment in the electricity distribution network causes a lot of power outages and turnaround times for repairs and maintenance work takes a longtime. Performing isolations during maintenance with limited isolation point’s results in the entire district experiencing outage even when there is only a small area affected by the fault.

2.13.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.13.3.1 Availability of Service Electricity is provided in most parts of the urban wards with power lines available and most households and infrastructure connected. However, distribution of electricity to all communities still remains a challenge. In some rural wards such as Itumbi and Kaanzwa, electricity is scarcely provided with certain institutions like schools, clinics connected though not a lot of households are serviced. Electricity is not available in most rural wards to important institutions like chiefs’ palaces, schools, health facilities and the general public. In other rural wards like Luchena, power poles are available but are not connected to the power grid whereas wards like Babizhi, Lubanda and Kabulungwe have no electricity.

2.13.3.2 Quality of Service The supply of electricity is fair; however, some households are not connected due to the high connection fees. Residents usually experience power outages which cause damages to electrical appliances.

2.13.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years

2.13.4.1 Population change- Future demand for Services and Facilities The increase in the district population will certainly put pressure on the distribution of electricity but so far, the 10 MVA being supplied to the district is more than sufficient to cater for the whole district in the foreseeable future. The power station at ITPC is capable of increasing supply to the district as the need for more power arises. 112 | P a g e

2.13.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs Government is currently in a Memorandum of Understanding with Rural Electrification Authority (REA) in implementing a rural electrification programme where they are electrifying all Chiefdoms in the district. Under the Constituency Development Fund, funds are also being set aside every year for the supply of electricity to rural areas in partnership with the Rural Electrification Authority.

2.13.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns With the electrification of rural areas through REA the population distribution patterns will likely be spread evenly across the district as electricity will not be concentrated in urban areas. Further the rural electrification will enable the communities to diversify into various economic activities like commercial farming using irrigation.

2.13.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.13.6.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change Most wards in the district are rural wards and are not fully connected to the national grid. Communities therefore depend highly on charcoal and firewood which in turn have effects on the environment. The high dependency on firewood and charcoal is one of the activities contributing to deforestation which has a negative effect on the environment.

2.13.6.2 The Impact of Environmental and Climate Change Issues on the Sector The most threatening problem to power generation due to climate change is the low water levels in the dam. Due to climate change, the rainfall patterns have changed resulting in short rainfall periods which threatens water levels in the dam.

2.13.7 Core Problems in Energy Sector In the context of ITPC, the major problems in the energy sector are; • The threat caused by climate change that is causing low water levels in the dam which creates a challenge of power generation. • Low tariff at which generated power is sold to the national grid which makes reinvestment in the sector a challenge. • Installation of transformers in new areas is costly and the high connection fees make it difficult for the communities to have electricity connected to their homes. 113 | P a g e

2.14 COMMUNICATION

2.14.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level Itezhi-Tezhi is determined to deliver improved communication infrastructure that will be used to interpret government policies and provide accurate information to the public in order to solicit their support and participation in National development. Some of the priorities being implemented in Itezhi-Tezhi include; • Communication Towers upgrading and rehabilitation • Communication Towers construction • Communication Tower maintenance • Enhanced network • Enhanced Radio coverage • Enhancement of Internet services • Postal and courier services

2.14.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.14.2.1 Availability of Service The district has several Communication towers that provide coverage for three (3) network service providers; • Zamtel has communication towers in the district, which were installed and are maintained by Infrantel and located mainly in all the six Chiefs Palaces in the district. • Airtel has communication towers which are maintained by IHS. • MTN has communication towers which are also being maintained by IHS. The district has the postal and courier services that are being provided by Zambia Postal services though these services are mostly used by government departments and not individuals due to the services being overtaken by other advanced technologies. The district has one (1) Community Radio Station that provides information services to the population. The coverage is in all the six chiefdoms with about 80% of the population having access to information through the radio. Some parts however, do not have coverage due to the landscape of the district and the inadequate equipment at the radio station to reach all areas. The district has an office for the Zambia National Information Service (ZANIS) that provides services that include; hiring of PA system, repairing of Electronic Equipment, Mobile Audio Visual 114 | P a g e (AV) Announcing system, News Coverage, General Photographic Services and Information Campaigns.

2.14.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators Network Coverage With the district's main channel of communication being Mobile phones, network service providers still need to do more on infrastructure as the network coverage is very poor and limited due to few communication towers which are only in 3 wards that are near the urban areas. Most parts of the district have no network at all though those areas that are bordering other districts such as Mumbwa and Namwala are accessing the services from the neighboring districts. Eighty percent (80%) of the district is on GSM mobile technology and only 20% is on 4G.

2.14.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.14.3.1 Availability of Service From discussions held, community members mentioned that network services are provided and available in the wards with communication towers spread out in some of the wards. However, most wards like Kabulungwe mentioned having a very poor network available as they access the network from a communication tower from Mumbwa.

2.14.3.2 Quality of Service Including Key Indicators of Performance According to community members most of the network provided in outer wards is poor as it is barely available in some parts and unavailable in most parts as communication towers are not available in all wards.

2.14.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.14.4.1 Population change - Future demand for Services and Facilities The projected increase in demographics in the district will see an increase in more economic activities which will require a readily available network for transactions to take place. The increase in population and economic activity will lead to an increase in mobile phone and internet users which will increase traffic on available networks making the connectivity slower and more difficult.

2.14.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs The radio station is in the process of procuring equipment to help expand its coverage to places that have low/no coverage due to the district landscape. Furthermore, the district leadership is also lobbying for more Communication towers to improve the access to networks in the district. 115 | P a g e

2.14.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns The existing trends in communication do not overly affect population distributions especially in the rural setups hence, the Population distribution patterns will continue concentrating around areas of economic activity and the land use will be centered on clearing trees for agricultural fields.

2.14.6 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.14.6.1 Impact of Climate Change on the Sector The Sector largely depends on good weather patterns as bad weather affects airwaves. Network is also affected when the weather is bad as equipment may be damaged due to storms, lightning, and interference in the airwave and hence challenges with networks and transmission.

2.14.7 Issues Arising Relating to Gender and Vulnerable Groups Gender and Vulnerable groups have no access to information as they have to travel long distances to access communication services such as network, internet service and radio coverage. Gender and Vulnerable groups have no access to communication services because they cannot afford devices such as radio and smartphones.

2.14.8 Core Problems in Communication Sector The main problem with the communication sector in the district is: • Inadequate communication infrastructure such as towers in the district leading to poor and no network in most parts. GOOD GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT

2.15 LAND MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

2.15.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level The following are the laws governing land administration, spatial development and housing development in the district; 116 | P a g e • The urban and Regional Planning Act No. 3 of 2015 - the Act provides for Local authorities to plan in customary land by entering into planning agreements with traditional leadership. The Act also provides for improvement of unplanned or informal areas. • The Lands ACT CAP 184 - Provides for land alienation procedures to follow when land is to be planned, serviced and allocated. • The 8NDP provides for land titling in the plan period. Other policies being implemented include; • The Public Roads Act No. 12 of 2002 – provides for construction, maintenance and care for public roads. • The National Housing Policy - provides for provision of decent housing for all social groups.

2.15.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.15.2.1 Availability of Service Itezhi Tezhi district practices the dual land management system by which the Traditional leadership is responsible for administering land under the customary system while the Local Authority is responsible for administering state land as an agent of the Ministry of Lands. The Local authority receives and recommends to the Ministry of Lands applications for conversions of customary land into state land. The Local authority plans settlements within the district. Currently the district has 6 planned settlements namely; Kataba, Masemu, Kachenjela, Choongo, part of Lilanda and Newly created Hillpark area. Other planned properties sit on converted land in the game management area (GMA) under Namwala and Nkala GMAs. Itezhi Tezhi district has 8 unplanned settlements namely Chawama, Chibolya A and B, Lilanda East and West, Number four, Chambondole and Magazine. There are two private unplanned housing schemes namely Shelter Zambia and African housing. The Local Authority has partnered with Medeem and Medici to offer some occupancy licenses to residents in this area as a way to enable them to have documentation for their property. A total of 5000 occupancy licenses have so far been issued from 2022 to 2024. According to the updated valuation roll of 2023, the following properties also exist: Commercial Properties - there are 143 commercial properties in the district being run by different institutions that include Central government, Local government, Private and Corporate 117 | P a g e institutions. Most of the commercial properties in the district are mainly located in the central business district and these are mainly shops. Hospitality Properties - there are about 28 hospitality properties in the district mainly run by private entities. These include lodges, safari camps and guest houses which are mainly dotted along the Itezhi-Tezhi Lake and Dam. Such properties include places such as Konzani, Zesco lodge, Mutukipilu, Hornbill Safari Camp, Konkomoya Safari Lodge, LakeSide lodge, Musungwa lodge, New Kalala and Kaingu Safari Lodge. There has equally been an increase in the development of lodges and guest houses in the district as many other new hospitality areas have been opened up following conversion of land including places such as Old Palm tree and new Nkala, and others that are being developed. Produce Storage - There are three storage sheds run by FRA in CBD, Kaanzwa and Mbila.

2.15.3 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.15.3.1 Population change - Future demand for Services and Facilities It is anticipated that the population of Itezhi Tezhi will double by 2032 giving rise to economic activities such as livestock farming, mining, tourism and trade. The rise in economic activities will increase the demand for land. It is therefore eminent that land in Itezhi Tezhi will be scarce in the next ten years. There will need to go for measures such as expanding the township boundary, promotion of growth centers and entering into planning agreements with the traditional leadership in order to meet the future demand.

2.15.3.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs The main development programs being implemented includes the agreement with MEEDEEM which involves offering occupancy licenses to residents as a way to enable them to have documentation for their property.

2.15.4 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns The impact of the continuation of existing trends on land use and population distribution will lead to maximized carrying capacity of the existing townships with high value attached to housing. The overcrowding in townships will lead to pressure being exerted to the protected areas. 118 | P a g e

2.15.5 Environment and Climate Change Analysis

2.15.5.1 The Impact of Existing Trends on the Environment and Climate Change The existing trend of developments in the district on various pieces of land has a negative impact on the environment and climate change. The existing developments in various infrastructures have seen the clearing of land to accommodate such developments resulting in the loss of flora and fauna.

2.15.6 Core Problems in Land & Administration Sector The main problems affecting the sector include; • Inadequate standard housing units resulting in high cost of rentals and the growth of informal settlements. • Land disputes • Lack of local area plans particularly in traditional land resulting in uncontrolled developments and inadequate basic social services.

2.16 IMMIGRATION

2.16.1 Key Government Priorities being implemented at Local Level The department of immigration is mandated by the Immigration and Deportation Act of 2010 whose priority is to facilitate and regulate the movement of persons entering and leaving the country and control the stay of immigrants and visitors in order to contribute to internal security and sustainable social-economic development. The key priorities being implemented in the district are; • Investigate, detain, arrest and prosecute illegal immigrants. • Facilitate and regulate the movement of persons entering and leaving the district. • Control the stay of immigrants and visitors in the district. • Interviewing applicants and reviewing documents in order to assess whether an applicant can be awarded citizenship. • Work with the public for the purpose of internal security.

2.16.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.16.2.1 Availability of Service In order to properly facilitate the stay and movement of immigrants, the department performs various services. The services include; 119 | P a g e a) Conducting Interviews and providing recommendations for immigrants that need permits for work, investments, education or temporal residence. b) Providing extension of days to visitors and immigrants. c) Issuance of report orders to clients with pending issues. d) Joint operations with other security wings to conduct patrols and searches in places suspected to be dwelled by illegal foreigners in order to foster peace and stability in the district.

2.16.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators The department ensures that applications made by immigrants for the various permits are interviewed and given a response in a day and recommendations are done immediately. However, the level of sensitization is inadequate as most departments are not aware of the immigration procedures that should be undertaken before foreign nationals are given permission to conduct business or be employed in the district and such as security in the district is compromised and revenue is lost when the procedure is not followed. Interference during the execution of operations by some members of the public and those in authority compromises the quality of service offered. Some members of the public hide information and possible illegal immigrants making it difficult for the department to perform their mandate.

2.16.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.16.3.1 Availability of Service Information from community submissions indicated that Immigration services were only available in the urban wards (Masemu and Itezhi-Tezhi) while rural wards lack the services.

2.16.3.2 Quality of Service Submissions from community members in urban wards where they had a number of immigrants engaged in trading and investment. They mentioned that the department does on occasion carry out inspections of businesses run by immigrants.

2.16.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next 10 Years

2.16.4.1 Population Change- Future Demand for Services and Facilities The continued growth of the district over the next 10 years will see an increase in economic opportunities in sectors such as agriculture and livestock, and as such there is likely to be a population increase in the number of immigrants to engage in business/investment opportunities. The population increase will therefore put pressure on ensuring that immigration is properly regulated. 120 | P a g e

2.16.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs To ensure the proper regulation of immigrants, the department has employed the Zambia Department of Immigration System (ZIMS) which is a system that helps with tracking illegal immigrants and establishing their status. The use of water transport has helped control the stay of immigrants and visitors operating on the lake and on the islands.

2.16.5 The Impact of the Continuation of Existing Trends on Land Use and Population Distribution Patterns The continued increase of immigrants investing in infrastructure development such as abattoirs, safaris, and lodges will see more land being used for infrastructure developments. Population distribution patterns will be more concentrated in the GMAs than in the protected areas as well as the CBD for business opportunities in trading and other activities.

2.16.6 Issues Arising Relating to Gender Groups and Vulnerable Groups The department has a challenge of dealing with vulnerable groups such as refugees. When such groups are found engaging in business, it makes it hard for immigration officers to prosecute them because the constitution is not clear on their restrictions.

2.16.7 Core Problems in Immigration Sector Some of the core problems experienced by the department in the district include; • Lack of Zambia Department Immigration System (ZIMS). • Inadequate infrastructure such as detention centers and office space.

2.17 POLICE (SECURITY)

2.17.1 Key Government Priorities being & to be Implemented at Local Level The police department in the district provides for the organization, functions and discipline of the Zambia Police under the Police Act No 107. The main priorities being implemented in the district include; • Preservation of life. • Protection of property. • Detection of offenders when crimes have been committed. • Preventing the commission of crimes. 121 | P a g e • Maintaining Law and order.

2.17.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.17.2.1 Availability of Service The district currently has 1 police station and 1 police post located in the 2 urban wards while the rural wards have no police infrastructure available. The police department currently deals mostly with cases such as assault, OABH (GBV), stock theft and defilement. Other cases, less common, include murder, general theft and breaking & entering. The department also provides other services to the public such as victim support for child labor and counseling (marital disputes). They also provide road safety awareness for motorists and conduct patrols to detect offenders in areas reported to have criminal activities.

2.17.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators To improve their efficiency in service delivery, the department collaborates with Community Crime Prevention Unit members to detect and apprehend offenders. They similarly conduct Patrols in areas where criminal activities have been reported by the community. However, policing in the district is challenging, being a rural setup, most areas are not easily accessible due to poor road networks and transport challenges. Most rural wards are heavily affected as services are not readily available.

2.17.3 Issues Arising from the Public Participation Process

2.17.3.1 Availability of Service Submissions from the community were that the district only has 2 police posts which are both located in the urban wards (Masemu and Itezhi Tezhi) with wards like Itumbi and Kaanzwa having some police services without the existence of police posts (infrastructure). Majority of communities in the rural wards cited that they do not have any police services available with no police posts.

2.17.3.2 Quality of Service Most community members stated that the lack of police services in their wards has resulted in poor law & order and lack of security for property especially for government institutions. For members in the urban wards, in spite of having police services present, they mentioned that most times the response by the police was poor as they usually have no transport to enable them to respond to community complaints. 122 | P a g e

2.17.4 Impact of Changes Anticipated Over the Next Ten Years

2.17.4.1 Population Change – Future Demand for Services and Facilities The continued growth of the district will see a rise in population size and a more complex population. The increased number of people will result in new criminal activities such as fraud, scamming which will lead to demand for effective police services to maintain law & order and protect property.

2.17.4.2 Existing and Proposed Investment & Development Programs In order for the police department to effectively carry out its mandate, the existing programs in the district include; • Readily available transport and police staff so as to reach all areas in the district. • Police station in Itezhi Tezhi and a police post in Masemu.

2.17.5 Core Problems in Police Sector The main problems faced by the department are; Lack of police camp for officers, Lack of transport to conduct patrols to reach most rural wards and inadequate police staff.

2.18 NATIONAL PROSECUTION AUTHORITY

2.18.1 Key Government Priorities being and to be Implemented at Local Level The district has the presence of the National Prosecution Authority which is mandated and established by the National Prosecution Authority Act No. 34 of 2010. The main priorities being implemented in the district include; • Preparing and conducting criminal prosecutions which are initiated by the Law Enforcement Agencies (Police, Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Immigration and Drug Enforcement). • Advise LEAS on enforcement of the law and guiding on criminal matters.

2.18.2 Description of the Existing State of Development

2.18.2.1 Availability of Service The Authority provides services to both LEAs and the public. They ensure that all offenders get speedy prosecutions to avoid people being in custody for long without trial. The Authority also ensures that all offenders that have been charged by the LEAs have fair trials. 123 | P a g e

2.18.2.2 Quality of Service Including Key Performance Indicators The Authority aims to provide quality service by prosecuting offenders in an active, efficient and fair manner in order to uphold the rule of law, justice and to ensure that human rights are safeguarded. However, because the district has no subordinate court room, the authority shares a local court which sometimes results in some cases taking long to get to trial when the court is being used for cases under the local court.

2.19 SUMMARY – CORE PROBLEMS {FOR THE ENTIRE PSIR} Table 42: Core Problems for Entire PSIR S/N CORE PROBLEMS 1 High illiteracy levels in the district 2 High disease prevalence 3 Under developed District economy 4 Poor road infrastructure 5 Loss of natural resources 6 Poor governance environment PART THREE – DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK The planning survey and issues report focused on the current status of the district looking at the quality and quantity of various services offered. An introspective analysis of the quality and quantity of services provided led to the identification of core problems that affect the social- economic growth of the district. The identified core problems were assessed using the problem tree analysis in order to understand the root causes of the core problems. From each problem tree, an objective tree was developed from which the goals, objectives and strategies were identified. This chapter focuses on the development framework which will look at methods of dealing with the core problems identified. The development framework will outline the vision, goals, objectives and strategies which will guide the development process for the next 10 years.

3.1 VISION The Vision for Itezhi Tezhi District is; “A prosperous district in social-economic productivity through agriculture, livestock, fishing, forestry and tourism by the year 2030”. 124 | P a g e

3.2 GOALS, OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIES From the analysis of the core issues, the goals and objectives to be implemented include; GOAL ONE: Increase district literacy rates from 64.5% (24.5% female, 40% male) in 2022 to 75% (30% female, 45% male) by 2033 across all groups of men and women aged 15 and above, targeting females, language minority groups, isolated communities and people with disabilities Objective - To have 75% of youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy Strategies • Provision of literacy classes close to homes • Construction of 200 staff houses to motivate and prevent brain drain • Improve access to quality education through construction and rehabilitation of education infrastructure • Recruitment and Deployment of 600 teachers • Construct 33 Early Childhood Education standalone centers in primary schools • Scaling up skills and vocational training intake under CDF • Sensitization of communities on importance of education GOAL TWO: To improve health service provision and health status of people in the district Objective 1 - To reduce the high prevalence of HIV and Malaria by 60% in the district through strengthening public health and increasing access to quality health care by 2034 Strategies • Enhance HIVAIDS prevention and control strategies to reduce the HIV incidence from 587 in 2023 to 350 by 2030 • Increase access to Quality Health Care on infrastructure for health to promote accessibility to quality health care services • Strengthen human resource to enhance prevention and control of diseases • Strengthen community sensitization to prevent and control diseases • Support malaria Elimination strategies in order to reduce incidence from 340/1,000 to 201/1,000 population by 2030 • Promote healthy lifestyle for the community Objective 2 - To improve water supply and sanitation in order to reduce water borne disease burden Strategies 125 | P a g e • Improve access to clean and safe water supply through rehabilitation, drilling and equipping of boreholes • To strengthen integrated catchment management • To strengthen quality water systems • To improve sanitation facilities • Establish modern dumpsites in the district GOAL THREE: To have a well conserved environment and ensure sustainable utilization of natural resources in the district Objective 1 - To reverse the adverse effects of climatic conditions Strategies • Strengthen climate change mitigation Objective 2 - To have an enhanced holistic approach towards sustainable management of natural resources Strategies • Promote integrated environmental management of natural resources in the district Objective 3 – To cope with adverse climatic conditions Strategies • Strengthen climate change adaptation Objective 4 - To have improved collaboration among stakeholders in natural resource management Strategies • Enhance natural resource management Objective 5 - To develop data system on disaster risk management Strategies • Enhance disaster risk reduction and response GOAL FOUR: To stimulate and sustain economic growth in the district Objective 1 – To promote steady growth of agricultural sector Strategies • Improve extension service delivery • Enhance farmer knowledge and skills • To promote irrigation farming • Reduce post-harvest losses • To sensitize farmers in finance and creating market linkages • Enhance sensitization to increase awareness on agriculture credit facilities 126 | P a g e Objective 2 – To promote steady growth of livestock sector Strategies • Improve extension delivery systems in the district • Enhance programs to curb livestock diseases • Lobby for construction of livestock disease control infrastructure • Lobby for the construction of watering points (livestock & human) • pasture and forage production both on farm and for over sowing rangelands • Lobby for the construction of facilities that help transfer technologies on livestock production (AI, LSCs) • Establish and map rangeland sites where over sowing and natural resource management interventions will be implemented to restore the degraded rangelands • Promoting climate smart livestock systems such as silvo pastoral systems • Improve production and productivity Objective 3 – To promote growth of fisheries sector Strategies • Improve extension service in the district • Enhance promotion of sustainable fishing practices • Actualizing the fisheries co-management approach • Establishment of fisheries co-management structures • Promotion of aquaculture (fish farming) • Reduce fish post-harvest losses • Promotion of investment in aquaculture sector Objective 4 – To improve road infrastructure in the district Strategies • To construct 397km of feeder roads • To conduct maintenance of 432km of gravel roads GOAL FIVE: Improved governance environment Objective 1 – To improve security sector in the district Strategies • To construct police posts Objective 2 – Improved public service delivery Strategies 127 | P a g e • To construct a district administration block • To construct WDC offices Objective 3 – To improve land administration and management Strategies • To have planning agreements with 6 chiefs

3.3 SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

3.3.1 Introduction The Spatial Development Framework is an important part of the IDP that seeks to guide overall spatial analysis of current land uses as well as outlining the future of the district in line with the district’s long-term development vision, mission, strategic goals and programs. The Itezhi Tezhi Spatial Development Framework (ITTSDF) is the physical manifestation of the multi-sectorial projects and programs of the Integrated Development Framework. This will help in shaping the development of the district by making use of land efficiently and best decision making especially in areas of infrastructure, environmentally sensitive areas (wildlife corridors, prime agricultural lands), transport, cultural and historical areas etc. The programs, strategies and projects of the Development Framework are directed towards resolving the issues that have been identified in the district.

3.3.2 Baseline Situations Developmental activities in Itezhi Tezhi district have exceeded the initial planning of the town. The increase in population has led to both demands in housing and general social services (resulting in rapid infrastructure developments) putting pressure on land use resulting in most of the local area plans being outdated. The majority of the developments are not in accordance with the plan as some road reserves and streams have been encroached upon and in some cases even blocked. The Current Central Business District (CBD) has a total area of 10.288551 square kilometers, surrounded by residential areas, shops, schools, churches and a light industrial area leaving no room for expansion. Most of the infrastructure in the CBD needs some face lifting as some of them are old structures. Within the CBD there is also a modern market and a bus station. The land use in some parts of the urban areas is compromised because of the unplanned settlements. Itezhi Tezhi has two major informal settlement townships identified for Statutory Improvements that is Choongo located uphill near Uphill Boarding Secondary School and 128 | P a g e Kanchenjela that is located downhill away from the Central Business District (CBD) along Itezhi tezhi - Namwala Road. The people living in the informal settlements often have no access to basic services such as clean water and decent sanitation, roads and other general supporting social services. The rural areas of the district are still mostly rural with land mostly used for agricultural purposes and livestock rearing. The rural areas have basic amenities such as schools, health posts and boreholes. They still lack most infrastructure of the Urban Centre such as roads, electricity and network. The “Do-Nothing” Out Come In a situation where no plan or strategy is put in place to change the shape of the district, Itezhi Tezhi is mostly likely to be a crowded and congested district without any aesthetic character. The housing developments will keep on growing rapidly without taking into consideration spaces for support services such as schools, churches, health centers and recreation facilities. Environmentally sensitive areas will be disturbed bringing up a distortion in the ecological balance without open space. The site coverage of the district will look like unplanned settlements as developers will aim to maximize plot development at the expense of environmental sustainability and aesthetic beauty of the surrounding. In the “do nothing” scenario the rural areas and communities will be liable to poverty, floods, low economic activities due to no linkage for transportation of agriculture produce to the market in places like Mbila ward that have so much food farming but are far away from the CBD with poor road networks that become worse in the rainy season. The roads will still remain unusable to the community.

3.3.3 Alternative Spatial Developments This section of the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) looks at the development framework scenarios that might be able to address the identified core problems, issues and deliver the district’s objectives.

3.3.3.1 Development Scenario One: Managing and Maximizing Existing Economic Activities This scenario focuses on maximizing the existing economic activities in the district as well as other contributing industries such as agricultural activities, livestock rearing, fishing, commercial plants like the Itezhi Tezhi Power Corporation Limited (ITPC) and Timber activities that contribute to infrastructure and employment creation. Maximizing these activities is likely to increase 129 | P a g e economic potential which will attract population to these areas and social amenities resulting in an even distribution of population in the district. Kasangala, Mbila, Mutenda and Nanzhila are four out of the twenty agricultural camps in the district that account for high agricultural produce in terms of maize farming that helps in the supply of maize to the whole district. However poor road networks in these areas affect distribution of the produce. Improving the road networks will enhance the distribution of agricultural produce in and out of the district. The improvement of roads will further help the movement of livestock for sale within and outside the district. The existence of Itezhi Tezhi dam (power plant) that generates and supplies power to the district and to the nation at large helps in the reduction of unemployment in the district as they employ more labor to work and operate at the plant. The continued generation of power is dependent on increased water levels in the dam. Other major activities and land use involve the abattoirs. Gure Abattoir and Dayow Abattoir are some of the seven Abattoirs in the district that accounts as core for various livestock farmers and butcheries. They provide a major market for livestock owners in the district. Lake Itezhi Tezhi is one of the major economic areas that has contributed to population distribution patterns because of the high level of fishing activities conducted on the lake. Most locals are involved in fish catching and selling as a source of livelihood. However, the catches on the lake have since dropped due to high number of people engaged in the activity. Interventions such as fish cropping will be required to help increase the fish levels in the lake and also investments in fish ponds to reduce dependence on the lake. The map below shows the existing economic areas and activities: Figure 17: Development Scenario One 130 | P a g e

3.3.3.2 Development Scenario Two: Identification of Growth Poles The second scenario of the Spatial Development Framework consists of seven different growth poles namely Mbila, Luubwe, Itumbi, Lubanda, Kaanzwa, Itezhi tezhi and Masemu. This scenario showcases the potential economic developmental activities and investments in the seven growth poles which when exploited will attract development, population and social amenities. Mbila ward has been identified as a growth pole due to the high economic activity of farming in the area and the potential to increase it further. The community of Mbila grows crops such as maize on a higher scale and soya beans on a smaller scale. The area is currently facing challenges with the road networks as it mostly cuts off during the rainy season making it difficult to transport produce to potential markets in and out of the district. The poor roads further affect the timely distribution of farming inputs to the ward. The improvement of roads will increase farming activities which will result in job creation and infrastructure development such as sheds, shops for farming inputs. Luubwe ward which is located at the edge of Itezhi Tezhi district boundary next to Namwala district is known for two economic activities being timber production and cattle production. Increased investment and exploitation of the timber production will result in the area being a supplier of timber to other wards in the district as well as to other neighboring districts. The continued production of cattle is an important economic activity as the cattle is supplied to other nearby districts as well as to Zambeef on a higher scale. Basanga has also been identified as a growth pole as it has two timber production activities which are under Musungwa Chiefdom in the National Forest. The timber production under 131 | P a g e Musungwa Chiefdom has two Timber concession licenses. The production involves Lutersane and Wele timber concession licenses. Chief Kaingu in Itumbi ward is a potential growth pole for development as it has indigenous poles for timber production in the other parts of Namwala Game Management Area (GMA). These growth poles are a plateau of miombo woodland (Brachystegia). Kaanzwa growth is specialized in farming especially in Masasabi farming block. The community is however well known for its high mango production that the community supplies in its raw form within the district, nearby districts as well as to Lusaka for processing. The establishment of an industry in the area to help add value to the mangoes through juice production will help create employment and bring about development to the ward. Itezhi tezhi and Masemu wards are growth poles that have townships that have already been planned for but with some areas having illegal settlers. These areas include Choongo Township in Itezhi Tezhi ward and Kachenjela Township in Masemu ward. The map below shows the activities: Figure 18: Development Scenario Two (Source, IDP Team, 2024)

3.3.3.3 Development Scenario Three: Exploitation of Existing Economic Activities and Promotion of Growth Poles The third scenario will combine the first and second scenarios as it will cover the already existing economic activities that are to be enhanced and maximized as well as the growth poles and potential growth poles for higher economic development. It focuses on different economic activities agricultural camps such as Mbila, expansion of abattoirs, mango production in Kaanzwa, timber production in Luubwe, Basanga and Itumbi as well as upgrading Choongo 132 | P a g e and Kachenjela Townships. This scenario will promote economic activities around all the identified growth poles and nodes as well as enhancing existing economic activities. Economic diversification and social service delivery will be supported as well thereby encouraging a much more holistic approach to development. The distribution of the social and economic benefits for all will create more effective organizations; build stronger communities and more opportunities. The Mbila growth pole will be enhanced by the construction of the road from Itezhi Tezhi-Kalomo junction to Moobola Junction of Namwala. This will join Mbila to the district and the province at large for easy exportation of their farm produce to other places of the district in turn bringing a sustainable livelihood in the long run. Kaanzwa growth pole will aim for the exploitation and value addition to the mango produced in the ward. The establishment of steady markets for the mango will create employment for community members. The establishment of a Farmers Training Centre in Kaanzwa growth pole will provide agriculture skills and training for local farmers within the district. Choongo and Kachenjela Townships will focus on infrastructure development and the accommodation of residential units, commercial and light industry activities as well as other administration support office services. This scenario will support the upgrading of M11 road which is Itezhi Tezhi to Namwala via Dundumwezi to bituminous standard and upgrading of D180 Itezhi Tezhi - Namwala road to bituminous standard. The upgrading of the two roads will ease access to the district all year round which will attract investments in social economic sectors. The Spatial Development Framework has prioritized all the growth poles Growth Poles be it in the rural or urban set up in order to ensure equitable distribution of economic and general service delivery. Corridors There are 3 major corridors which are transportation routes where development is increasing intensively and well supported. These corridors on D769, D180 and Itezhi Tezhi - Dundumwezi roads will attract development that will encourage businesses to set up faster. The corridors are of varying development intensities. Densification The increasing of population threshold in the IDP area will be around the new and existing neighborhood. This will allow easy service delivery and 133 | P a g e efficient use of land. Protection The IDP has identified Bilili, Mabiya, Loongola Hotsprings and heritage sites such as Nakalomwe Hills, Old Nkala Mission and Nazhila mission as natural resources that can enhance tourism investment in the district.

3.3.4 Selected Spatial Development Framework The selected Spatial Development Framework is scenario 3 which has taken into account a number of factors to determine the basic structures of the Plan. The elements of the Spatial Development Framework concepts have been highlighted below in relation to the conceptual development of the IDP area. This development scenario has been chosen because it will help in achieving the vision of the district of becoming a prosperous, industrial, climate resilient town through equitable socio- economic development for all. The growth poles are distributed throughout the district resulting in the economic activities being distributed efficiently and equitably. This will lead to equal opportunities and access to basic services. In addition, the stated corridors will ensure improved traffic flow, increase in population by boosting away the economic activities from the CBD through to other by-pass roads.

3.3.5 Land Use Planning Objectives and Strategies for Improving, Maintaining and Protecting the Environmental, Social and Economic Aspects of Development Sustainable development can be achieved when the social economic and environmental aspects of development are balanced. The district IDP will rely upon both existing legislations and will propose new policies in the quest to ensure efficient and sustainable land use.

3.3.5.1 Well Planned Settlements The IDP recommends that every settlement should be well planned to enable the provision of basic social amenities. Well planned settlements encourage the provision of basic services as well as housing development. To ensure well planned settlements, the policy proposes that all settlements be planned. This will ensure that most of the services are provided closer to people. In the cases of customary areas, planning agreements should be entered into between the Local authority and Traditional leadership. 134 | P a g e

3.3.5.2 Protection of Forests Being a district located in the middle of the National Park and forest reserves, Itezhi Tezhi district has two major forest reserves namely; Ila National Reserve No P40 and Sikaleta Local Reserve No P217 which have both been faced with indiscriminate cutting down of trees. The proposed policy aims at reducing and stopping illegal cutting down of trees. The public will be encouraged to plant trees to restore the forests.

3.3.5.3 Green Zones The district apparently has no open spaces, recreation facilities and play parks. The open spaces may be planned for but are not identified and secured so that they serve their purpose. The proposed policy aims at providing green spaces in all neighborhoods.

3.3.6 Land Use Planning Objectives and Strategies for Specific Protection Zones, Areas of Environmental Sensitivity or Cultural and Historical Importance of Areas of Importance for Disaster Management Purposes Itezhi Tezhi district is richly blessed with good climatic conditions, extremely large forests, plenty of underground water and fertile soil. This combination makes it possible for livestock farming to flourish as well as enable the area become very productive in terms of crop production. Due to a lot of rainfall downpours coupled with its rough terrain, Itezhi Tezhi also at times is susceptible to flash flooding mostly in the rural parts of the district. Itezhi-Tezhi is endowed with seven heritage sites, which particularly are important culturally and historically as well as sensitive environmental sites such as the rivers and the Itezhi Tezhi dam together with the Hot springs. The Itezhi Tezhi IDP has come up with policies to protect areas of environmental, cultural and historical importance together with areas where disaster management is needed. These policies are aimed at: • Prohibiting disposal of hazardous wastes, domestic, industrial or any non-point pollution • Strengthening forest management practices to enhance forest safety. • Enhancement of environmental integrity of sensitive areas through afforestation and reforestation. • Preventing housing and commercial developments in areas near to environmental sensitive regions. 135 | P a g e • Developing a mitigation plan capable of responding to all forms of disasters, including climate change.

3.3.7 Land Use Planning Objectives and Strategies for the Protection of National and Regional Interests, Policies and Guidelines The D769 road passes through the Itezhi Tezhi Central Business District (CBDs) and connects to the neighboring districts like Mumbwa and Dundumwezi. It is also connecting the district to other provinces like western province. The road ensures safe passage of goods and services into the district. The district also has Namwala road which connects to Namwala district. In addition, the district has water bodies that are shared with the neighboring districts like Kafue Flats which is shared with Namwala district and Itezhi Tezhi Lake. Itezhi Tezhi IDP has come up with important developmental policies for the Protection of National and district Interests: • Promote the effective land use and development control mechanisms along the D769 road to ensure safe passage of goods and services in the District. • Prohibiting disposals of hazardous waste, domestic, industrial or any non-point pollution.

3.3.8 Land Use Planning Policies for Areas under the Jurisdiction of Traditional Authorities Section 25 of the Urban and Regional Planning Act of 2015 governs areas that are under traditional authorities. Policies that will apply in the land uses under the jurisdiction of the traditional authorities cannot be predetermined by the IDP; therefore the IDP proposes the following policies for consideration: • Planning agreements. Itezhi tezhi Local Authority through the Planning Department should enter into planning agreements with Chiefs Shezongo and Kaingu for planning of identified growth areas such as Mbila, Kaanzwa and Itumbi wards. • Planning of land to put into consideration for social services such as education, health, malls, churches, opening up roads and areas for public facilities like recreation centers (Play Parks). • Planning of the land will put into consideration densification to ensure efficient use of land for easy and better service delivery. 136 | P a g e The aim of the policies is to promote preparation of land use maps for areas under traditional authorities and this will discourage developments in ecologically sensitive areas. PART FOUR – IMPLEMENTATION PLAN The Implementation plan is important in that it expresses the fiscal policy of the Local Authority. The plan clearly outlines how the objectives are to be accomplished within the period set. The Local Authority’s budget outlines the methodology and parameters of its implementation. This section outlines the findings from the revenue assessments and revenue projections conducted as part of the IDP preparation for the next five (5) years.

4.1 Assessment of Revenue Collection Efficiency of the Council This chapter compares the budgeted with collected own source revenue for the past three years as a basis for determining the potential revenue resources available for the implementation of the IDP. It identifies the strengths and weaknesses in revenue collection and determines strategies for improving OSR generation and collection. Table 43 below shows the Revenue Analysis for the year 2021, 2022 and 2023. Table 43: Revenue Collection Efficiency of the Council (201-2023) SN YEARS 2021 2022 2023 DETAILS APPROVED ACTUAL % APPROVED ACTUAL % APPROVED ACTUAL % BUDGET BUDGET BUDGET BUDGET BUDGET BUDGET 1 Local taxes 2,615,075 1,964,130 75 2,342,534 2,117,616 90 2,414,989 1,713,379 71 2 Fees and 1,779,760 719012 40 41 2,145,720 61 charges 2,454,210 1,010,711 1,304,415 3 Licenses 160,354 216,354 135 108 446,540 71 577,895 627,359 318,670 4 Levies 212,890 245,769 115 93 386,050 110 340,120 317,064 427,082 5 Permits 108,395 99,128 91 108 424,253 290,256 68 411,020 445,793 6 Charges 2,600,000 341,810 13 0.7 3,645,000 949,740 26 2,327,500 16,000 7 Other income 869,842 377,545 43 52 48,000 653,161 1,361 641,178 331,481 8 National 8,613,605 97 99 10,069,401 9,838,824 98 137 | P a g e Support 8,859,801 10,069,401 9,973,453 9 CDF 92 28,300,000 27,261,470 96 1,600,000 1,600,000 100 25,700,000 23,739,91 1 Grand Total 18,806,117 14,177,35 75 86 47,879,953 42,900,361 90 2 44,863,858 38,637,38 2

4.1.1 Comparison of budgeted own source revenue stream against own revenue collected for the past three years

4.1.1.1 Own Source Revenue Performance Collection against Budget as Percentage for Each Revenue Source: Areas where Council performed well against the Budgets 1. Local Taxes With an average performance of 79%, this performance could be attributed to: • The fact that the largest payer of Property Rates, ZESCO LTD, has been paying all its obligations every year and has no record of default in the past 3 years. • Issuance of a single invoice for all payments instead of issuing invoices for individual payments. • Use of assessment forms to determine the number of employees under each government department in the district. The assessment forms are then used to invoice the Ministry of Finance for payments to be made to the Council. 2. Licenses Most Business houses are compliant with payments of licenses. Petroleum storage and retail licenses are a major contributor under Licenses. Others include liquor and occupancy licenses. With an average performance of 105%, this performance could be attributed to revenue enhancement measures put in place such as: • Engagement of property owners at the beginning of the year to ensure bills are sent out early. • Ensuring one invoice is made for business owners and ensuring all payments are made through the bank. • Issuance of assessment forms for all government departments in the district and issue invoices to the Ministry of Finance for payments to be made. 138 | P a g e • Ensuring that no developments are allowed on the plots allocated until service charges are fully paid. • Ensuring all payments are done through the bank. • Continuous training of revenue collectors to keep them up to date with developing revenue collection tactics. • Continuous database updates to capture new businesses in the district. 3. Levies With an average performance of 106%, this performance could be attributed to • The construction of boom gates at all strategic points of exit such as the Kayawe boom gate. The boom gates ensure that all levies are captured for farm produce and livestock leaving the district. • Training of the Ward Development Committees in all the 15 wards on revenue collection and revenue enhancement strategies. • Orientation of revenue agents in all the 15 wards. Areas where Council performed below the budget 1. Charges Charges include land allocation charges such as service charges and survey fees. With an average performance of 40% in the past 3 years, the low performance on land allocation is as a result of the following; • Bad road network within the district resulting in some areas in the district being inaccessible during the rainy season. • Bad road network leading into the district. The main road leading into the district is gravel and is usually impassable during the rainy season. During the dry season, the road is bumpy and dusty. For this reason, people are discouraged from acquiring plots in Itezhi Tezhi District as construction of real estate does not seem viable to non-residents of the district.

4.1.1.2 Revenue Collection Challenges • Low response when plots are advertised • Lack of proper billing system • Bad road network within the district • Few business establishments in the district 139 | P a g e

4.1.2 Identification of the Revenue Base for the First Five (5) Years of the Plan The Local Authority has high potential in increasing its revenue base. One such quickest way is to take advantage of the current Rating Act in force which now permits rating of all properties within its jurisdiction. This will certainly bring on board a significant number of properties which in turn beef up revenues collected in local taxes. In order for the Council to implement this, it will require significant capital injection due to the extent of work required. The cost of collection must also be addressed as the indication of low collection levels against the budgeted revenues demonstrates the need to harness the revenue collection administrative operations. The key step in projecting revenue involves sorting revenues according to type and considers the assumptions collection efficiency against budget. Some revenues are very sensitive to changes in the economy while others depend on policy decisions or long-term development trends. The breakdowns of the projected sources of revenue are tabulated in table 44 below; Table 44: Revenue Projection for First 5 Years of the Plan YEARS 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Locally Generated 18,328,397.00 20,758,115.27 25,448,095.60 30,138,075.93 34,828,056.26 Revenue Constituency 30,635,641.96 36,058,150.6 41,375,061.51 54,322,102.39 67,492,823.52 Development Fund Local Government 10,645,401 11,709,941 12,880,935 10,077,618.47 10,608,226.39 Equalization Fund LGEF Grant In LIEU Of Rates 150,000.00 135,593.16 131,993.26 128,393.36 124,793.47 TOTAL 70,498,859.51 86,925,751.82 105,953,847.38 121,007,632.41 139,395,341.9

4.1.2.1 Locally Generated Revenue Local Taxes: This source of revenue is made up of Personal Levy and Property Tax from Power Generation, Residential and Commercial Properties. The projections on property tax takes into account the increase in the expected revenue as a result of the approval of the Main Valuation Roll. The collection efficiency on Power Generation tax is expected to increase due to the revision of property plant and equipment values for Zesco properties, while commercial and residential property tax revenues will slowly increase due to the number of properties captured visa-vie residential and business clientele. 140 | P a g e Fees and charges: These locally controlled revenues are expected to remain stable with a 5% percent increment per annum considering adjustments for inflation. The Council is furthermore planning to implement the E-Levy payment system for Markets and the Bus station which are to be constructed within the 10 year period so as to facilitate maximum collection of market and bus station fees. The council will commence the construction of a modern market and bus station. Once these are completed, it is expected an increase in market and bus station fees. Service Charges: These are revenues generated from plot premiums. Currently the Council has land that it advertised to the public which is in Hillpark valley. The land is within the planning boundary whose plots have been allocated. National Support: This is made up of the Local Government Equalization Fund, Constituency Development Fund and Grants in Lieu of Rates. This line of revenue has been maintained as that of the base year 2022 in line with Local Government Budget guidelines.

4.1.3 Local Authority’s Financial Plan The purpose of the Financial Plan is to ensure that recurrent expenses for the implementation of the IDP are budgeted for. The expected output is a financial plan setting out the recurrent expenses for the implementation of strategies and programs. The Financial Plan reflects standard operational budgets which local authorities will incur such as salaries and emoluments. It relates wholly to functions of and services provided by the Local Authority whilst taking into account the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF).

4.1.3.1 Resource Mobilization Strategies for Five (05) to Ten (10) Years Strategies for Resource Mobilization • Improving the bad road network throughout the district and coming into the district. • Sensitization of various stakeholders (WDC’s, Business houses, COMACO, GIZ, World Food Programmes, African Parks, Wild Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia and partners) on their roles and responsibilities. Revenue Enhancement strategies • Capturing the revenue bases of devolved Government Departments and integrating them into the Local Authority revenue streams. • Sensitizing the local people on the revenue streams that have not been exploited by the Local Authority. 141 | P a g e • Fencing of Modern Market to control fleet coming in and out of the market thereby enhancing revenue collection at the point of entry and exit. • Carrying out forestry inspections and conducting forest patrols to charge the offenders with penalties. • Auctioning of confiscated items such as charcoal, fish, timber • Opening sub stations/offices for licensing for easy reach by clients like Mbila, Kabulungwe, Kasamu and Makunku. • Procuring more vehicles, motor bikes and boats for revenue collection. Revenue Collection Strategies • Orientation of revenue collectors and revenue agents throughout the district. The orientation helps with efficient collection of revenue. • Rotation of revenue collectors to reduce on familiarization at the revenue collection point. • Constituting a task force for enforcement of revenue. • Carrying out mobile licensing in different locations in the district. 142 | P a g e

4.2 Programmes for the Implementation of Objectives and Strategies Table 45: Programmes for Implementation of Objectives & Strategies GOAL - Increase district literacy rates from 64.5% (24.5% female, 40% male) in 2022 to 75% (30% female, 45% male) by 2033 across all groups of men and women aged 15 and above, targeting females, language minority groups, isolated communities and people with disabilities OBJECTIVE To have 75% of youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy STRATEGIES PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES LOCATION UNIT COST TARGET TARGET TARGET TARGET TARGET REPONSIBLE (priority) (K) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 DEPARTMENT Provision of Youth/Adult To create 70 All 15 wards 7,374.27 10 10 30 10 10 Education/ literacy classes Literacy Open and Partners close to homes distance learning (ODL)center Infrastructure Construction of Basanga, 1,024,200 0 3 6 2 3 Education/ development (14) 1 x 3 CRBs Itezhi-Tezhi, CDF/Partners for ODL Luubwe, Masemu, Babizhi, Mbila, Makunku Construction of Infrastructure Construction of All 15 wards 910,400 30 35 50 45 40 Education/ 200 staff development staff houses CDF/Partners houses to motivate and prevent brain drain Construction Infrastructure Construction of Luubwe, 1,024,200 15 15 20 15 15 Education/ and development 80 (1X3) Banamwaze, CDF/Partners rehabilitation Classroom Basanga, of education Blocks Mbila, infrastructure Luchena, for access to Shambala, quality Lubanda, education Kabulungwe, Itezhi Tezhi, Masemu Infrastructure Construction of Mbila, 20,000,000 0 1 0 1 1 Education/ development 3 Boarding Basanga, CDF/ Partners Schools Makunku Infrastructure Rehabilitation Banamwaze 512,100 0 4 7 6 4 Education/ development of 21 Classroom (Banamwaze CDF/ Partners Blocks primary), Nyambo (Muunga Primary), Luubwe (Luubwe Primary), Mbila (Mbila Primary), Infrastructure Upgrading 6 Masemu, 5,576,200 0 2 2 1 1 Education/ development Primary Schools Shambala, CDF/Partners to Secondary Luubwe, Schools Kaanzwa, Nyambo, Lubanda Infrastructure Connecting of Lubanda, 1,138,000 0 9 10 5 6 Education/ development 30 schools to Basanga, ZESCO/ REA/ National Grid Shambala, Partners/CDF Makunku, Mbila Recruitment Teacher Lobby for All wards 16,315.33 80 90 200 80 150 Education and recruitment Recruitment of Deployment of 600 teachers in 600 teachers 5 years Construction of Early To construct 33 All wards 7,374.27 0 9 10 7 7 Education/ 33 Early Childhood ECE standalone CDF/ Partners 144 | P a g e Childhood Education centers Education standalone centers in Primary School’s Scaling up Vocation Hold 45 All wards 24,123.6 0 10 10 10 15 Education skills and and skills community vocational training awareness training intake meetings to under CDF increase number of individuals acquiring skills Construction of Masemu 10,000,000 1 Education/ a District Skills CDF/ Partners Center Sensitization of Awareness 75 Sensitization All wards 24,123.6 15 15 15 15 15 Education communities on meetings with on importance Importance communities of education of Education GOAL - To Improve Health Service Provision and Health Status of People in the District OBJECTIVE 1 To Reduce the High Prevalence of HIV and Malaria in the District by 60% through Strengthening Public Health and Increasing access to Quality Health Care Enhance HIV/AIDS and Conduct 774 26 health 11, 575.6 149 152 155 158 160 Health services HIV/AIDS STI’s community facilities and prevention and Prevention sensitization general control meetings to population strategies to increase or raise reduce the HIV awareness on incidence from dangers of 587 in 2023 to HIV/AIDS/STIs in 350 by 2030 the general population and protect key 145 | P a g e populations HIV/AIDS and Strengthen Community 8,130.38 26278 30178 34079 37979 41880 Health Services STI’s universal HIV and 26 Prevention testing at all Health points of health Facilities service delivery and in the community HIV/AIDS and Scale up the 26 Health 15,830.8 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% Health Services STI’s viral load Facilities Prevention coverage in areas with low coverage and suppression HIV/AIDS and Increase testing 26 Health 8,130.38 7238 8155 9072 9989 10906 Health Services STI’s of pregnant Facility Level Prevention women and and 155 Promote Early Outreach Infant Diagnosis posts and Paediatric HIV testing at all levels of care Improve health Health Construction of All 15 Wards 1,593,200 1 2 3 3 4 Health infrastructure Infrastructure 15 Maternity Services/CDF to promote Development Annexes to accessibility to enhance quality health Elimination of care services Mother To Child HIV Transmission (EMCT) Health Construction of Masemu 16,000,000 0 1 0 0 0 Ministry of Infrastructure District Hospital (Kachenjela) Infrastructure Development Health Connection of Lubanda, 1,138,000 2 3 3 2 2 REA Infrastructure 12 Health Luchena, Development Facilities to Makunku, 146 | P a g e National Grid Nyambo, and provision of Banamwaze, alternative solar Babizhi energy Health Construction of Shambala 3, 414, 000 1 1 0 0 0 Health Services Infrastructure 2 Mini Hospitals and Lubanda Development Health Rehabilitation Masemu, 202,500 0 3 4 3 3 Health Services Infrastructure of 9 Health Kaanzwa, Development Facilities Nyambo, Makunku, Lubanda, Luchena, Mbila, Basanga, Luubwe Health Construction of Kabulungwe, 1,531,200 2 2 3 3 3 Health Infrastructure 13 Health Basanga, services/CDF Development facilities Luchena , Luubwe, Lubanda, Babizhi, Kaanzwa, Itezhi Tezhi Health Construction of Nyambo, 910,400 1 6 4 6 6 Health Infrastructure 23 (1x2) staff Makunku, services/CDF Development houses Basanga, Luchena, Luubwe, Lubanda, Babizhi, Kaanzwa, Mbila Health To construct Itezhi Tezhi 10,000,000 0 1 0 0 0 Central Infrastructure District health Government Development Administration office 147 | P a g e Strengthen Enhance Capacity All 26 Health 3,000 4 4 4 4 4 Health Services human human building for Facilities resource to resource Antenatal Care enhance (ANC) prevention and Strengthen All 26 Health 14,349.29 4 4 4 4 4 Health Services control of leadership and Facilities diseases management at service Delivery point Strengthen Maternal and Raise All 26 Health 11,130.38 12 12 12 12 12 Health Services community child care awareness to Facilities and sensitization to create demand 181 prevent and for maternal Communities/ control health services NHCs diseases Maternal and Conduct 155 155 Outreach 16,153.85 12 12 12 12 12 Health Services child care outreach posts Universal Child Immunizations (UCI) session at community level Maternal and Implement 155 Outreach 79% 85% 91% 96% 98% Health Services child care Reaching Every posts Child (REC) strategic plan Maternal and Conduct Shezongo, 5,194.61 6 6 6 6 6 Health Services child care advocacy Musungwa, meeting with Chikaza traditional Munyama, leadership Kaingu and Chilyabufu Support Malaria Implement High Mutenda, 32,706.92 0 12 15 17 20 Health Services malaria Elimination impact Itumbi, Elimination interventions; Lubanda, strategies in vector control Bushinga, order to (IRS, LLINS, LSM), Kaanzwa, reduce Masasabi, 148 | P a g e incidence from Banamwaze, 340/1,000 to Chishila, 201/1,000 Nansenga, population by Mbila, 2030 Buunga, Nansenga Malaria Strengthen All 26 39,345.58 4 4 4 4 4 Health Services Elimination facility and facilities in 15 community wards based case management Malaria Enhanced All 26 facilities 8,703.08 12 12 12 12 12 Health Services Elimination Malaria in 15 wards Surveillance and Response at all levels Malaria Enhanced Risk All 26 facilities 613 155 158 161 165 169 Health Services Elimination communication in 15 wards and community engagement activities through conducting community meetings Promote Recreation Construction of Masemu 2000,000 0 1 0 0 0 Local Authority healthy a Stadium lifestyle Construction of Itezhi Tezhi 5,000,000 0 1 0 0 0 Local Authority playground, Swimming Pool & Basketball Court OBJECTIVE 2 To Increase Water Supply and Sanitation by 70% in order to reduce Water Borne Disease Burden Improve Water Drilling of 225 All 15 Wards 96,730 35 40 45 50 55 Water access to infrastructure boreholes Development clean and safe development and 149 | P a g e water supply Sanitation/LA through Rehabilitation All 15 Wards 21,451.3 10 40 50 47 47 Water rehabilitation, and Development drilling and maintenance of and equipping of 194 existing Sanitation/LA boreholes boreholes Rehabilitation Kaanzwa 5,690,000 0 1 0 1 0 Water and Development Maintenance of and Sanitation 2 existing small dams Rehabilitation/ Makunku, 398,300 3 3 3 3 3 Water maintenance Banamwaze, Development and upgrade of Masemu, and Sanitation piped water Luubwe, schemes Kaanzwa, Itezhi Tezhi To embark on Masemu 2,885 75 80 80 80 85 SWASCO Water supply Itezhi Tezhi network system expansion in order to increase households connected to water supply network from 988 to 1388 Construction of Makunku, 398,300 2 6 6 6 4 Water 24 water Nyambo, Development schemes Luubwe, and Sanitation equipped with Banamwaze, solar system Itezhi Tezhi, Itumbi, Shambala, Babizhi 150 | P a g e Construction of Kaanzwa, 12,518,000 0 1 0 0 1 Water 3 small dams Makunku, Development Shambala and Sanitation Water Construction of Banamwaze, 1,707,700 0 1 0 0 1 Water infrastructure 2 Weirs Luubwe Development development and Sanitation To strengthen Water Mapping/establ Kaanzwa, 50,000 0 3 3 0 0 LA/Water integrated resource ishment of Banamwaze, Development catchment managemen water resource Luchena, and management t protection Mbila, Itumbi, Sanitation/Partn areas Basanga ers Restore Kaanzwa, 50,000 0 3 3 0 0 LA/Water degraded Banamwaze, Development water Luchena, and resources/ Mbila, Itumbi, Sanitation/Partn areas Basanga ers To strengthen Strengthen Collection of All 15 wards 72,020 4 3 3 4 4 Health quality water water quality water samples Services/LA systems monitoring for chemical and control and bacteriological analysis Strengthen Water source All 15 Wards 1,217.3 68 68 68 68 68 Health water quality chlorination of Services/Water monitoring 340 protected Development and control wells at and Sanitation community level Improve Infrastructure Construction of Mbila, 1,638,720 0 1 1 1 LA/CDF sanitation Development sanitation water Kaanzwa, services and borne facilities Babizhi Maintenance in public institutions Hygiene Conducting All 15 Wards 15,960 60 60 60 60 60 LA/Water Promotion community Development awareness and and Sanitation sensitization on 151 | P a g e Infection Prevention and Control (IPC)and WASHE Hygiene To implement All 15 Wards 165, 400 60 60 60 60 60 LA/Water Promotion Community Led Development Total Sanitation and Sanitation activities through trainings and community engagement Hygiene Conduct CLTS All 15 Wards 45, 135 180 180 180 180 180 LA/Water Promotion risk Development communication and Sanitation and community engagement activities (community meetings, door- to-door sensitization, radio shows, TV updates and interviews etc.) Establish Solid Waste Elevate Masemu 300,000 0 1 0 0 0 Local Authority modern Managemen Makalachamb dumpsites in t we dumpsite to the district an engineered landfill Establish 2 Masemu, 500,000 0 1 0 1 0 Local Authority modern Itezhi Tezhi dumpsites GOAL - To have a Well Conserved Environment and ensure Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources in the District OBJECTIVE 1 To Reverse the Adverse Effects of Climate Change 152 | P a g e Strengthen Fruit Tree Training the Kaingu, 9,571.92 6 12 18 6 12 Forestry, Climate Nursery community on Muwezwa, COMACO, Change nursery Chilyabufu, DNPW, ZAWA Mitigation establishment Musungwa, Shezongo and Chikaza Munyama Fruit Tree Establishment of Kaingu, 43,571.88 6 12 18 6 12 Forestry Nursery assorted tree Muwezwa, nurseries Chilyabufu, Musungwa, Shezongo and Chikaza Munyama Fruit Tree Afforestation Kaingu, 68,386.8 10 20 20 20 20 Forestry Nursery and Muwezwa, reforestation Chilyabufu, Musungwa, Shezongo and Chikaza Munyama OBJECTIVE 2 To Have an Enhanced Holistic Approach towards Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Promote Forest Sensitization of Kaingu, 11,398.91 8 8 8 8 8 Forestry, integrated protection local Muwezwa, COMACO, environmental and Communities in Chilyabufu, DNPW, ZAWA management managemen natural resource Musungwa, of natural t Management Shezongo resources in through and Chikaza the district conducting munyama community meetings OBJECTIVE 3 To Cope with Adverse Climatic Conditions Strengthen Forest Training Local Kaingu, 11,398.91 8 8 8 8 8 Forestry, climate protection Communities on Muwezwa, COMACO, 153 | P a g e change and how To make Chilyabufu, DNPW, ZAWA adaptation managemen Charcoal Musungwa, t Brickets and Shezongo Biogas Digester and Chikaza as an Muyama alternative source Of energy To conduct Kaingu, 11,398.91 8 8 8 8 8 Forestry awareness Muwezwa, meetings on the Chilyabufu, use of charcoal Musungwa, briquettes and Shezongo biogas digesters and Chikaza Muyama Promotion of Kaingu, 11,398.91 8 8 8 8 8 Forestry charcoal Muwezwa, briquettes and Chilyabufu, bio gas Musungwa, digesters use in Shezongo CFMGs And Chikaza Muyama OBJECTIVE 4 To Have Improved Collaboration among Stakeholders in Natural Resource Management Enhance Stakeholder Capacity Kaingu, 11,398.91 8 8 8 8 8 Forestry, natural engagement building of 8 Muwezwa, COMACO, resource CFMG’s Chilyabufu, DNPW, ZAWA management Musungwa, Shezongo and Chikaza Munyama Chiefdoms Stakeholder To conduct Kaingu, 11,398.91 8 8 8 8 8 Forestry engagement awareness Muwezwa, meetings on Chilyabufu, sustainable Musungwa, natural resource Shezongo 154 | P a g e management and Chikazam chiefdoms Stakeholder To conduct Open Areas 8,900 40 64 64 64 64 Forestry engagement district forestry (along D769 patrols to Mweengwa) OBJECTIVE 5 To Develop Data System on Disaster Risk Management Enhance Disaster risk Development of Kaingu, 11,398.91 8 8 8 8 8 Forestry, disaster risk reduction communal fire Muwezwa, COMACO, reduction and task force Chilyabufu, DNPW, ZAWA response teams Musungwa, Shezongo, Chikaza Muyama Disaster risk Setting up the Kaingu, 11,398.91 8 8 8 8 8 Forestry, reduction early warning Muwezwa, COMACO, system stations Chilyabufu, DNPW, ZAWA in the Musungwa, communities Shezongo, Chikaza Muyama Disaster risk Conducting fire Kaingu, 11,398.91 16 16 16 16 16 Forestry, reduction management Muwezwa, COMACO, patrol Chilyabufu, DNPW, ZAWA Musungwa, Shezongo, Chikaza Muyama GOAL - To Stimulate and Sustain Economic Growth in the District OBJECTIVE 1 To Promote Steady Growth of the Agricultural Sector Improved Infrastructure Construction of Mbila, 1,149,210 2 2 3 1 1 Agriculture extension development nine(09) Makumuch, service agricultural Shambala, delivery camp house in Masasabi, Itt 155 | P a g e six wards central, Ikonkaile, Banachong, Kayawe, Mutenda Infrastructure Rehabilitation of Banamwaze 169,500 1 1 1 1 1 Agriculture development camp houses Lubanda Babizhi Improve Procurement of Agricultural 96,050 4 4 4 4 4 Agriculture production Motorcycles for camps and field staff productivity Improve Lobbying for Shambala 8,430 4 3 3 3 0 Agriculture production more staff to be Ikonkaile and deployed Banachongo productivity Mwako Nanzhila Mutenda Enhance Agriculture Farmer All the 20 11,300 2,000 2,500 3,100 4,000 4,800 Agriculture farmer development facilitation/traini agricultural knowledge and ngs camps and skills productivity Agriculture Construction of Kaanzwa, 12,500,000 0 1 0 0 0 Agriculture development farmer’s training Masemu and center productivity Promote Agriculture Training of Itt central, 22,600 1,000 1,500 1,700 2,100 2,500 Agriculture irrigation development farmers in Lubanda, farming and irrigation Banamwaze, productivity Babizhi , Masasabi, Ikonkaile Agriculture Establish a Farmer 68,930 5 5 5 5 5 Agriculture development variety of training and irrigation system Centre productivity demonstrations (available on 156 | P a g e the market) at Farmer training Centre (FTC) Agriculture Establish a All wards 22,600 5 5 5 5 5 Agriculture development variety of and demonstrations productivity on water harvesting technologies Agriculture Establish a fully (various 5,650,000 2 1 1 1 1 Agriculture development equipped cluster sites in and irrigation the six productivity scheme chiefdoms) (including borehole drilling in areas away from water bodies) Reduce post- Agriculture Construction of Banamwaze, 508,500 1 1 1 1 2 Agriculture harvest losses development 5 improved Muunga, and storage facilities Shambala, productivity Lubanda, Luubwe, Makunku Agriculture Equipping the Farmer 126,100 1 Agriculture development FTC with farmer Training and machinery and Centre productivity food processing equipment for farmer training To sensitize Agribusiness Training of All the 20 11,300 1,500 1,800 2,500 3,000 4,000 Agriculture farmers in and market farmers in camps in the finance and development finance and district creating market linkages market Linking 750 20 15,000 750 900 1250 1500 Agriculture linkages trained farmers Agricultural to various Camps 157 | P a g e markets Enhance Agribusiness Training of All the camps 11,300 2,000 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 Agriculture sensitization to and market farmers in in the district increase development available awareness of agriculture the agriculture credit facilities credit facilities OBJECTIVE 2 To Promote Steady Growth in Livestock Sector Improved Human Recruiting and Luubwe, 10,000 0 2 0 0 0 Fisheries and extension Resource deploying of Muunga Livestock Service Recruitment Livestock and delivery and Fisheries systems in the Development extension staff district Infrastructure Construction of Muunga, 1,149,210 0 1 1 1 1 Fisheries and & Equipment 4 camp houses Shambala, Livestock Development Mbila, Banamwaze Infrastructure Rehabilitate 5 Banamwaze, 218,700 1 1 1 1 1 Fisheries and & Equipment camp houses Makunku, Livestock Development Basanga, Lubanda, Mbila Infrastructure Procurement of District Office 2,000,000 0 1 1 Fisheries and & Equipment 2 district Livestock Development vehicles Enhance Livestock To vaccinate All the wards 891,344 150000 168000 186000 204000 220000 Fisheries and programs to disease cattle against Livestock help curb prevention (FMD & Anthrax) livestock and control diseases diseases Improved Enhance All the wards 6,818.18 0 22 22 22 22 Fisheries and livestock application of Livestock production indigenous and knowledge and productivity practices in the management of livestock 158 | P a g e diseases Livestock Adoption of All the wards 6,818.18 22 22 22 22 Fisheries and disease good nutrition Livestock prevention practices and control Livestock Promotion of on All the wards 6,818.18 22 22 22 22 Fisheries and disease farm Livestock prevention construction of and control biosecurity structures such as wheel baths and footbaths Livestock Demonstrations All the wards 6,818.18 22 22 22 22 Fisheries and disease on the proper Livestock prevention use of and control veterinary drugs and chemicals Lobby for Infrastructure Construction of Luchena, 350,000 6 6 2 1 Fisheries and construction of Development 15 Dip tanks Banamwaze, Livestock livestock Itumbi, disease control Lubanda, infrastructure Kaanzwa, Shambala, Itezhi Tezhi Infrastructure Construction of Luchena, 375,540 5 2 2 2 Fisheries and Development 11 spray races Basanga Livestock (New Ngoma, Basanga, Makona,) Ntubya & Makuzu, Mbila, Shambala, Kaanzwa Infrastructure Rehabilitation of All wards 136,560 6 6 6 6 Fisheries and Development 24 dip tanks Livestock 159 | P a g e Lobby for the Infrastructure Construction of All the wards 375,540 5 5 5 5 5 Fisheries and construction of Development 25 Livestock Livestock watering points watering points and projects to and solar support Pasture powered and forage boreholes production Capacity Awareness All wards 6,818.18 22 22 22 22 Fisheries and building on meetings on Livestock pasture Promotion of production Pasture and Forage production Facilitate for Infrastructure Construction of Kaanzwa, 1,000,000 1 1 1 Fisheries and construction of Development 3 Livestock Mbila, Livestock facilities that Service Centres Lubanda can help Infrastructure Construction of Shambala, 300,000 1 1 1 Fisheries and facilitate Development 3 artificial Masemu, Livestock transfer of new insemination Basanga technologies Centre on livestock production, e.g. AI, LSCs etc. Increase Livestock Livestock All wards 8,500 20 30 40 50 Fisheries and Livestock production Stocking and Livestock production Re-stocking and Livestock Sensitization on All wards 6,818.18 22 22 22 22 Fisheries and productivity production promotion of Livestock feedlotting of cattle Livestock To establish 12 All wards 200,000 3 3 3 3 Fisheries and production feedlots Livestock OBJECTIVE 3 To Promote Steady Growth of the Fisheries Sector Advocate for Human Deployment of District office 10,000 2 Fisheries and improved Resource 2 extension staff Livestock extension development 160 | P a g e service delivery in the district Promotion of Capture Hold community Itumbi, 6,818.18 22 22 22 22 22 Fisheries and sustainable Fisheries awareness Masemu, Livestock fishing development meetings on the Babizhi practices need to use Lubanda, sustainable Nyambo fishing practices Kabulungwe and Itezhi- tezhi Actualizing the Capture Development of Lake Itezhi- 15,000 0 1 1 0 0 Fisheries and Fisheries Co- Fisheries the Fisheries tezhi and Livestock management development Management Kafue Flats approach Plan Fisheries Establishment Capture Formation of Itumbi 12,500 0 8 10 0 0 Fisheries and of Fisheries Co- Fisheries Village Fisheries Masemu Livestock management development Co- Babizhi structures management Lubanda Committees Nyambo Kabulungwe and Itezhi- tezhi Promotion of Aquaculture Hold community All the wards 6,666.67 15 15 15 15 15 Fisheries and aquaculture development awareness Livestock (fish farming) meetings to activities transfer aquaculture knowledge and skills Aquaculture Construction of Luchena 70,280 0 2 2 2 0 Fisheries and development 6 standard Masemu Livestock 20mx30m fish Itezhi Tezhi ponds Reduce fish Fisheries Construction of Masemu 341,400 0 1 0 0 0 Fisheries and postharvest Infrastructure Fish Freezing Livestock 161 | P a g e losses Development facility Link fish Aquaculture Linking All the wards 15,000 5 5 5 5 5 Fisheries and farmers to Development prospective fish Livestock institutions that farmers to can support financial them lending financially so institutions and that they can donors to venture in provide startup aquaculture capital farming OBJECTIVE 4 Improved Road Infrastructure In the District Construction of Road Construction of Dundumwezi 2,000,000 30 30 Engineering 397km of construction roads road – feeder roads in shaambala - the district Mbila Pontoon – 2,000,000 40 40 Engineering mpombo - Makunku D769 – Nkobo 2,000,000 30 40 Engineering - Banachoong o Muunga - 2,000,000 40 Engineering Makunku Ngoma – 2,000,000 72 Engineering Basanga - Luubwe Bushinga – 2,000,000 30 Engineering itumbi - New eden Lubanda - 2,000,000 45 Engineering Kapilimalenje Itezhi-tezhi – 2,000,000 80 Engineering 162 | P a g e Kalomo junction to Moobola (Namwala district) Procurement of District 1,900,000 1 Engineering a compactor Procurement of District 2,000,000 1 Engineering a low bed truck Procurement of District 2,000,000 1 Engineering a 20-ton tipper truck Maintenance Road Graveling and Kasankwa, 1,000,000 20 Engineering of 432km of maintenance grading of kalundu and gravel roads in roads masanza the district D769 5,000,000 40 RDA/LA D180 1,000,000 20 20 Engineering (Namwala road) Dundumwezi 1,000,000 60 60 Engineering road Dundumwezi 1,000,000 60 LA/MLGRD road - shaambala - Mbila GOAL – Improved Governance Environment OBJECTIVE 1 To improve security in the district Construction of Rule and law Construction of All wards 2,000,000 Ministry of Home 15 police posts police posts affairs OBJECTIVE 2 Improved public service delivery Construction of Public service Construction of Itezhi Tezhi 5,000,000 1 District a district delivery district administration administration administration block 163 | P a g e OBJECTIVE 3 To improve land administration and management Have planning Land Sign planning All chiefdoms 120,000 1 2 2 1 Planning agreements managemen agreements department with 6 chiefs t and with chiefs administratio n

5.0 Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, Including Key Performance Indicators Table 46: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan GOAL - Increase district literacy rates from 64.5% (24.5% female, 40% male) in 2022 to 75% (30% female, 45% male) by 2033 across all groups of men and women aged 15 and above, targeting females, language minority groups, isolated communities and people with disabilities OBJECTIVE To have 75% of youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy STRATEGIES PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES LOCATION TARGET TARGE TARGET TARGET TARGET OUTPUT REPONSIBLE (priority) Year 1 T Year Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 INDICATOR DEPARTMENT 2 Provision of Youth/Adult To create 70 All 15 wards 10 10 30 10 10 Number of Education/CDF/Par literacy Literacy Open and ODL centers tners classes distance opened close to learning homes (ODL)center Construction Basanga, 0 3 6 2 3 Number of Education/CDF/Par of (14) 1 x 3 Itezhi-Tezhi, 1X3 CRBs tners CRBs for Luubwe, constructed ODL Masemu, as per MOE Babizhi, Standard Mbila, Makunku Construction Infrastructure Construction All Wards 30 35 50 45 40 Number of Education/CDF/Par of 200 staff development of staff Staff Houses tners houses to houses Constructe motivate d at the and prevent School’s brain drain 164 | P a g e Construction Infrastructure Construction Luubwe, 15 15 20 15 15 Number of Education/CDF/Par and development of 80 Banamwaz 1X3 CRBs tners rehabilitatio Classroom e, Basanga, Constructe n of Blocks Mbila, d as per education Luchena, MOE infrastructure Shambala, Standard for access to Lubanda, quality Kabulungw education e, Itezhi Tezhi, Masemu Construction Mbila, 1 1 1 Number of Education/CDF/Par of 3 Basanga, boarding tners Boarding Makunku schools Schools constructed Rehabilitatio Banamwaz 4 7 6 4 Number of Education/CDF/Par n of e Classroom tners Classroom (Banamwaz blocks Blocks e Primary), rehabilitate Nyambo d (Muunga Primary), Luubwe (Luubwe Primary), Mbila (Mbila Primary) Upgrading 6 Masemu, 0 2 2 1 1 Number of Education/CDF/Par Primary Shambala, Primary tners Schools to Luubwe, School’s Secondary Kaanzwa, upgraded Schools Nyambo, to Lubanda Secondary School Connecting Lubanda, 0 9 10 5 6 Number of Education/CDF/ 165 | P a g e of 30 schools Basanga, School’s ZESCO/ to National Shambala, connected REA/Partners grid Makunku, to the Mbila National Grid Recruitment Teacher Lobby for All wards 80 90 200 80 150 Number of Education and recruitment Recruitment teachers Deployment of 600 recruited of 600 teachers in and teachers 5 years deployed Construction Early Construction All wards 0 9 10 7 7 Number of Education/CDF/Pa of 33 Early Childhood of 33 ECE Early artners Childhood Education standalone Childhood Education centers centers standalone constructed centers in Primary School’s Scaling up Vocation and Hold 45 All wards 15 15 15 15 15 Number of Education skills and skills training community community vocational awareness awareness training meetings to meetings intake under increase held CDF number of individuals acquiring skills Construction Masemu 1 Number of Education/CDF/Par of District skills centers tners Skills Center constructed Sensitization Awareness on 75 All wards 15 15 15 15 15 Number of Education of Importance of Sensitization community communities Education meetings sensitization on with meetings importance communities held of education 166 | P a g e GOAL - To Improve Health Service Provision and Health Status of People in the District OBJECTIVE 1 To Reduce the High Prevalence of HIV and Malaria in the District by 60% through Strengthening Public Health and Increasing Access to Quality Health Care Enhance HIV/AIDS Conduct 774 26 health 149 152 155 158 160 Number of Health services HIV/AIDS and STI’s community facilities community prevention Prevention sensitization and awareness and control meetings to general and strategies to increase or populatio sensitization reduce the raise n meetings HIV awareness on held incidence dangers of from 587 in HIV/AIDS/STIs 2023 to 350 in the general by 2030 population and protect key populations HIV/AIDS Strengthen Communi 26278 30178 34079 37979 41880 Number of Health Services and STI’s universal HIV ty and 26 HIV test Prevention testing at all Health conducted points of Facilities at all points health service of health delivery and service in the delivery and community in the community HIV/AIDS Scale up the 26 Health 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% Percentage Health Services and STI’s viral load Facilities of people Prevention coverage in with viral areas with low load coverage suppressed and suppression HIV/AIDS Increase 26 Health 7238 8155 9072 9989 10906 Number of Health Services and STI’s testing of Facility pregnant 167 | P a g e Prevention pregnant Level and women women and 155 tested for at Promote Early Outreach all levels of Infant posts care Diagnosis and Paediatric HIV testing at all levels of care Improve Health Construction All 15 1 2 3 3 4 Number of Health Services/CDF health Infrastructure of 15 Wards modern infrastructure Developmen Maternity Maternity to promote t Annexes to Annexes accessibility enhance constructed to quality Elimination of as per MOH health care Mother To Standards services Child HIV Transmission (EMCT) Health Construction Masemu 0 1 0 0 0 Number of Local Government Infrastructure of district (Kachenj district Developmen hospital ela) hospital t constructed Health Connection Lubanda, 2 3 3 2 2 Number of REA Infrastructure of 12 Health Luchena, Health Developmen Facilities to Makunku, Facilities t National Grid Nyambo, connected and provision Banamw to National of alternative aze, Grid solar energy Babizhi Health Construction Shambal 1 1 0 0 0 Number of Health Services Infrastructure of 2 Mini a, mini Developmen Hospitals Lubanda hospitals t Constructed Health Rehabilitation Masemu, 0 3 4 3 3 Number of Health Services Infrastructure of 9 Health Kaanzwa, Health Developmen Facilities Nyambo, Facilities 168 | P a g e t Makunku, rehabilitated Lubanda, as per Luchena, required Mbila, standards Basanga, Luubwe Improve Health Construction Kabulung 2 2 3 3 3 Number of Health services/LA health Infrastructure of 13 Health we, Health infrastructure Developmen facilities Basanga, Facilities to promote t Luchena , constructed accessibility Luubwe, as per MOH to quality Lubanda, standards health care Babizhi, services Kaanzwa, Itezhi Tezhi Health Construction Nyambo, 1 6 4 6 6 Number of Health Services/CDF Infrastructure of 23 (1x2) Makunku, Health Developmen staff houses Basanga, Facility(1x2) t Luchena, detached Luubwe, staff houses Lubanda, constructed Babizhi, Kaanzwa, Mbila Health To construct Itezhi 0 1 0 0 0 Number of MOH Infrastructure District health Tezhi District Developmen Administration health t office Administratio n office constructed Strengthen Enhance Capacity All 26 4 4 4 4 4 Number of Health Services human human building for Health trainings resource to resource Antenatal Facilities conducted enhance Care (ANC) for prevention Antenatal and control Care (ANC) 169 | P a g e of diseases (#) Number of staff trained in comprehensi ve Antenatal Care (ANC) Strengthen All 26 4 4 4 4 4 Number of Health Services leadership Health facility staff and Facilities trained in management leadership at service and Delivery point manageme nt at service Delivery point Strengthen Maternal Raise All 26 12 12 12 12 12 Number of Health Services community and child awareness to Health community sensitization care create Facilities awareness to prevent demand for and 181 and and control maternal Communi sensitization diseases health ties/NHCs meetings services held Conduct All 26 60% 63% 65% 70% 75% Percentage Health Services Capacity Health of Pregnant building for Facilities Women Antenatal and 181 (aged 15 to Care (ANC) Communi 49 years) ties/NHCs attending Antenatal Care in the first Trimester Conduct 155 155 12 12 12 12 12 Number of Health Services outreach Outreach outreach Universal posts session for Child Universal 170 | P a g e Immunizations Child (UCI) session Immunizatio at community ns (UCI) level conducted at community level Implement 155 79% 85% 91% 96% 98% Percentage Health Services Reaching Outreach fully Every Child posts immunized (REC) Children at strategic plan 2 years Conduct Shezongo 6 6 6 6 6 Number of Health Services advocacy , advocacy meeting with Musungw meeting traditional a, conducted leadership Chikaza with Munyam traditional a, Kaingu leaders at and community Chilyabuf level u Support Malaria Implement Mutenda, 0 12 15 17 20 Number of Health Services malaria Elimination High impact Itumbi, Facilities Elimination interventions; Lubanda, Implementin strategies in vector control Bushinga, g High order to (IRS, LLINS, Kaanzwa, impact reduce LSM), Masasabi, interventions incidence Banamw for vector from aze, control (IRS, 340/1,000 to Chishila, LLINS, LSM), 201/1,000 Nanseng population a, Mbila, by 2030 Buunga, Nanseng a 171 | P a g e Malaria Strengthen All 26 4 4 4 4 4 Number of Health Services Elimination facility and facilities in technical community 15 wards support based case supervision/ management mentorship on facility and community based case manageme nt Malaria Enhanced All 26 12 12 12 12 12 Number of Health Services Elimination Malaria facilities in Malaria Surveillance 15 wards Surveillance and Response and at all levels Response at all levels Malaria Enhanced All 26 155 158 161 165 169 Number of Health Services Elimination Risk facilities in Risk communicati 15 wards communicat on and ion and community community engagement engagemen activities t meetings through held conducting community meetings Promote Recreation Construction Masemu 0 1 0 0 0 Number of Local Authority Healthy of a Stadium Stadiums Lifestyle constructed Construction Itezhi 1 Number of Local Authority of Tezhi recreation Playground, facilities Swimming established Pool and 172 | P a g e Basketball Court OBJECTIVE 2 To Increase Water Supply and Sanitation by 70% in order to Reduce Water Borne Disease Burden Improve Water Drilling of 225 All 15 35 40 45 50 55 Number of Ministry of Water access to infrastructure boreholes Wards exploratory Development & clean and developmen boreholes Sanitation/LA safe water t drilled and supply constructed through Rehabilitation All 15 47 101 77 58 65 Number of Ministry of Water rehabilitatio and Wards existing Development & n, drilling maintenance boreholes Sanitation/LA and of 194 rehabilitated equipping of existing and boreholes boreholes maintained Rehabilitation Kaanzwa 0 1 0 1 0 Number of Ministry of Water and small dams Development Maintenance Rehabilitate &Sanitation of 2 existing d and small dams Maintained Rehabilitation Masemu 3 3 3 3 3 Number of Ministry of Water /maintenanc Itezhi piped water Development & e and Tezhi Schemes Sanitation/LA upgrade of rehabilitated piped water and schemes upgraded To embark on Masemu 75 80 80 80 85 Number of SWASCO Water supply Itezhi household network Tezhi connected system to water expansion in supply order to network increase 173 | P a g e households connected to water supply network from 988 to 1388 Construction Makunku, 2 6 6 6 4 Number of Ministry of Water of 24 water Nyambo, piped water Development & schemes Luubwe, Schemes Sanitation/LA equipped Banamw constructed with solar aze, Itezhi and system Tezhi, equipped Itumbi, with solar Shambal system a, Babizhi Construction Makunku, 0 1 0 1 1 Number of Ministry of Water of 3 small Shambal small dams Development & dams a, constructed Sanitation Kaanzwa Construction Banamw 0 1 0 0 1 Number of Ministry of Water of 2 Weirs aze, Weirs Development & Luubwe constructed Sanitation To Water Mapping/esta Kaanzwa, 0 3 3 0 0 Number of LA/Water strengthen resource blishment of Banamw water development & integrated manageme water aze, resource Sanitation/Partners catchment nt resource Luchena, areas manageme protection Mbila, mapped nt areas Itumbi,Bas anga Restore Kaanzwa, 0 3 3 0 0 Number of LA/Water degraded Banamw degraded development & water aze, water Sanitation/Partners resources/are Luchena, resource as Mbila, areas Itumbi,Bas restored anga To Strengthen Collection of All 15 4 3 3 4 4 Collection of Health strengthen water quality water wards Water Services/Water 174 | P a g e quality water monitoring samples for samples for Development & systems and control chemical and chemical Sanitation bacteriologic and al analysis bacteriologi cal monitored and analyzed to strengthen water quality Strengthen Water source All 15 68 68 68 68 68 Number of Health water quality chlorination of Wards Protected Services/Water monitoring 340 protected water points Development & and control wells at (wells) Sanitation community chlorinated level at community level Improve Infrastructure Construction Mbila, 0 1 1 0 1 Number of Health sanitation Developmen of sanitation Kaanzwa, Sanitation Services/Water services t and water borne Babizhi Water borne Development & Maintenanc facilities in Facilities in Sanitation/CDF e public Public institutions Institutions constructed Hygiene Conducting All 15 60 60 60 60 60 Number of Water Development Promotion community Wards Community & Sanitation awareness awareness and and sensitization sensitization on Infection meetings Prevention held and Control (IPC)and WASHE Hygiene To implement All 15 60 60 60 60 60 Number of Water Development Promotion CLTS activities Wards Community & Sanitation 175 | P a g e through Led Total trainings and Sanitation community activity engagement trainings conducted Hygiene Conduct CLTS All 15 180 180 180 180 180 Number of Water Development Promotion risk Wards CLTS risk & Sanitation communicati communicat on and ion and community community engagement engagemen activities t activities (community held meetings, door-to-door sensitization, radio shows, TV updates and interviews etc.) Establish Solid waste Elevate Masemu 0 1 0 0 0 Number of Local Authority modern Manageme Makachalam dumpsites dumpsites in nt bwe dumpsite elevated to the district to an engineered engineered landfill landfill Establish 2 Masemu, 0 1 0 1 0 Number of Local Authority modern Itezhi dumpsites dumpsites Tezhi established GOAL - To have a well conserved Environment and ensure Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources in the District OBJECTIVE 1 To Reverse the Adverse Effects of Climate Change Strengthen Fruit Tree Training the Kaingu, 15 15 15 15 15 Number of Forestry, Comaco, Climate Nursery community Muwezwa communities DNPW, ZAWA Change on nursery , trained in Mitigation establishment Chilyabuf nursery 176 | P a g e u, establishmen Musungw t and a, manageme Shezongo nt and Chikaza Munyam a Fruit Tree Nursery Kaingu, 6 12 18 6 12 Number of Forestry Nursery establishment Muwezwa community of assorted , nurseries tree nurseries Chilyabuf established u, Musungw a, Shezongo and Chikaza Munyam a Fruit Tree Afforestation Kaingu, 10 20 20 20 20 Number of Forestry Nursery and Muwezwa hectares reforestation , reclaimed Chilyabuf under u, afforestation Musungw and a, reforestation Shezongo and Chikaza Munyam a OBJECTIVE 2 To have an Enhanced Holistic approach towards Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Promote Forest Sensitization Kaingu, 8 8 8 8 8 Number of Forestry, COMACO, integrated protection of local Muwezwa local DNPW, ZAWA 177 | P a g e environment and Communities , communities al manageme in natural Chilyabuf sensitized on manageme nt resource u, natural nt of natural Management Musungw resource resources in through a, manageme the district conducting Shezongo nt community and meetings Chikaza munyam a OBJECTIVE 3 To cope with Adverse Climatic Conditions Strengthen Forest Training Local Kaingu, 8 8 8 8 8 Number of Forestry, COMACO, climate protection Communities Muwezwa communities DNPW, ZAWA change and On How To , trained on adaptation manageme Make Chilyabuf charcoal nt Charcoal u, briquettes Brickets and Musungw making and Biogas a, bio digesters Digester as an Shezongo alternative and source Of Chikaza energy Muyama Forest To conduct Kaingu, 8 8 8 8 8 Number of Forestry protection awareness Muwezwa awareness and meetings on , meetings manageme the use of Chilyabuf held nt charcoal u, briquettes Musungw and biogas a, digesters Shezongo and Chikaza Muyama Forest Promotion of Kaingu, 8 8 8 8 8 Number of Forestry protection charcoal Muwezwa communities 178 | P a g e and briquettes , adopting to manageme and bio gas Chilyabuf use of nt digesters use u, charcoal in CFMGs Musungw briquettes a, and bio gas Shezongo digesters and Chikaza Muyama OBJECTIVE 4 To have Improved Collaboration among Stakeholders in Natural Resource Management Enhance Stakeholder Capacity Kaingu, 8 8 8 8 8 Number of Forestry, COMACO, natural engagemen building of 8 Muwezwa groups DNPW, ZAWA resource t CFMG’s , trained on manageme Chilyabuf sustainable nt u, natural Musungw resource a, manageme Shezongo nt for CFMGs and Chikaza munyam a chiefdom s Stakeholder To conduct Kaingu, 8 8 8 8 8 Number of Forestry engagemen awareness Muwezwa awareness t meetings on , Meetings sustainable Chilyabuf held natural u, resource Musungw management a, Shezongo and Chikazam chiefdom 179 | P a g e s Law To conduct Open 40 64 64 64 64 Number of Forestry Enforcement district Areas forestry forestry (Along patrols patrols D769 to conducted Mweeng in the district wa) OBJECTIVE 5 To Develop Data System on Disaster Risk Management Enhance Disaster risk Development Kaingu, 8 8 8 8 8 Number of Forestry, COMACO, disaster risk reduction of communal Muwezwa communal DNPW, ZAWA reduction fire task force , fire task and teams Chilyabuf force teams response u, established Musungw a, Shezongo , Chikaza Muyama Disaster risk Setting up the Kaingu, 8 8 8 8 8 Number of Forestry, COMACO, reduction early warning Muwezwa early DNPW, ZAWA system , warning sate stations in the Chilyabuf lite systems communities u, stations Musungw installed in a, the Shezongo communities , Chikaza Muyama Disaster risk Conducting Kaingu, 16 16 16 16 16 Number of Forestry, COMACO, reduction fire Muwezwa fire DNPW, ZAWA management , manageme patrol Chilyabuf nt patrols u, conducted Musungw a, 180 | P a g e Shezongo , Chikaza Muyama GOAL - To Stimulate and Sustain Economic Growth in the District OBJECTIVE 1 To Promote Steady Growth of the Agricultural Sector Improved Infrastructur Construction Mbila, 2 2 3 1 1 Number of Agriculture extension e of nine(09) Makumuc new camp service developmen agricultural ha, houses delivery t camp house Shambal constructed in six wards a, Masasabi, Itt central, Ikonkaile, Banacho ngo, Kayawe, Mutenda Infrastructur Rehabilitation Banamw 1 1 1 1 1 Number of Agriculture e of camp aze Camp developmen houses Lubanda houses t Babizhi rehabilitated Improve Procurement Agricultur 4 4 4 4 4 Number of Agriculture production of al camps Motorcycles and Motorcycles bought for productivity for field staff the field staff Improve Lobbying for Shambal 4 3 3 3 0 Number of Agriculture production more staff to a, staff and be deployed Ikonkaile, deployed to productivity Banacho the district ngo, Mwako, Nanzhila, Mutenda Enhance Agriculture Farmer All the 20 2,000 2,500 3,100 4,000 4,800 Number of Agriculture farmer developmen facilitation/tra agricultur farmers 181 | P a g e knowledge t and inings al camps trained and skills productivity Agriculture Construction Kaanzwa, 0 1 0 0 0 Number of Agriculture developmen of farmer’s Masemu Farmer t and training training productivity center centers constructed Promote Agriculture Training of Itt central, 1,000 1,500 1,700 2,100 2,500 Number of Agriculture irrigation developmen farmers in Lubanda, Farmers farming t and irrigation Banamw trained productivity aze, irrigation Babizhi , Masasabi, Ikonkaile Agriculture Establish a Farmer 5 5 5 5 5 Number of Agriculture developmen variety of training demonstrati t and irrigation Centre ons on productivity system irrigation demonstratio systems ns (available done on the market) at Farmer training Centre (FTC) Agriculture Establish a All wards 5 5 5 5 5 Number of Agriculture developmen variety of demonstrati t and demonstratio on sites on productivity ns on water water harvesting harvesting technologies technologie s established Agriculture Establish a (various 2 1 1 1 1 Number of Agriculture developmen fully cluster fully t and equipped sites in the equipped productivity irrigation six irrigation scheme chiefdom schemes in 182 | P a g e (including s) the district borehole established drilling in areas away from water bodies) Reduce Agriculture Construction Banamw 1 1 1 1 1 Number of Agriculture post-harvest developmen of 5 improved aze, improved losses t and storage Muunga, storage productivity facilities Shambal facilities a, constructed Lubanda, Luubwe Enhance Agriculture Equipping the Training 1 Number of Agriculture farmer developmen FTC with center equipment knowledge t and farmer and and skills productivity machinery machinery and food planted at processing the farmer’s equipment for training farmer center training To sensitize Agribusiness Training of All the 20 1,500 1,800 2,500 3,000 4,000 Number of Agriculture farmers in and market farmers in camps in farmers finance and developmen finance and the trained in creating t market district Finance and market linkages market linkages linkages Linking 750 20 750 900 1250 1500 Number of Agriculture trained Agricultur farmers farmers to al camps linked to various various markets markets Enhance Agribusiness Training of All the 2,000 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 Number of Agriculture sensitization and market farmers in camps in farmers to increase developmen available the trained in awareness t agriculture district agriculture 183 | P a g e of the credit credit agriculture facilities facilities credit facilities OBJECTIVE 2 To Promote Steady Growth in Livestock Sector Improved Human Recruiting Luubwe, 0 2 0 0 0 Number of Fisheries and extension Resource and Muunga extension Livestock Service Recruitment deploying of staff delivery and Livestock and recruited systems in Developme Fisheries and the district nt extension staff deployed Infrastructur Construction Muunga, 0 1 1 1 1 Number of Fisheries and e & of 4 camp Shambal camp Livestock/CDF Equipment houses a, Mbila, houses Developme Banamw constructed nt aze Infrastructur Rehabilitate 5 Banamw 1 1 1 1 1 Number of Fisheries and e & camp houses aze, camp Livestock/CDF Equipment Makunku, houses Developme Basanga, rehabilitated nt Lubanda, Mbila Infrastructur Lobby for 2 District 0 1 1 Number of Fisheries and e & district Office District Livestock Equipment vehicles Vehicles Developme procured nt Enhance Livestock To vaccinate All the 150000 168000 18600 204000 220000 Number of Fisheries and programs to disease cattle against wards 0 cattle Livestock help curb prevention (FMD & vaccinated livestock and control Anthrax) diseases diseases Improved Enhance All the 22 22 22 22 Number of Fisheries and livestock application of wards awareness Livestock production indigenous meetings on 184 | P a g e and knowledge the productivity and practices application in the of management indigenous of livestock knowledge diseases and practices in the manageme nt of livestock diseases Livestock Adoption of All the 22 22 22 22 Number of Fisheries and disease good nutrition wards awareness Livestock prevention practices meetings on and control the adoption of good nutrition practices. Livestock Promotion of All the 22 22 22 22 Number of Fisheries and disease on farm wards awareness Livestock prevention construction meetings on and control of biosecurity the structures promotion such as wheel of on farm baths and construction footbaths of biosecurity structures such as wheel baths and footbaths Livestock Demonstratio All the 22 22 22 22 Number of Fisheries and disease ns on the wards demonstrati Livestock prevention proper use of ons on the 185 | P a g e and control veterinary proper use drugs and of veterinary chemicals drugs and chemicals Lobby for Infrastructur Construction Luchena, 6 6 2 1 Number of Fisheries and construction e of 15 Dip Banamw Dip tanks Livestock of livestock Developme tanks aze, constructed disease nt Itumbi, control Lubanda, infrastructure Kaanzwa, Shambal a, Itezhi Tezhi Infrastructur Construction Luchena, 5 2 2 2 Number of Fisheries and e of 11 spray Basanga spray races Livestock Developme races (New constructed nt Ngoma, and Basanga, provided Makona,) with solar Ntubya & powered Makuzu, borehole Mbila, Shambal a, Kaanzwa Infrastructur Rehabilitation All wards 6 6 6 6 Number of Fisheries and e of 24 dip dip tanks Livestock Developme tanks rehabilitated nt Lobby for Infrastructur Construction All the 5 5 5 5 5 Number of Fisheries and the e of 20 wards Livestock Livestock construction Developme Livestock watering of watering nt watering points points and points and provided projects to solar with solar support powered powered Pasture and boreholes borehole 186 | P a g e forage constructed production Capacity Awareness All wards 22 22 22 22 Number of Fisheries and building on meetings on awareness Livestock pasture Promotion of meetings on production Pasture and Promotion of Forage Pasture and production Forage production conducted Facilitate for Infrastructur Construction Kaanzwa, 1 1 1 Number of Fisheries and construction e of 3 Livestock Mbila, Livestock Livestock of facilities Developme Service Lubanda Service that can nt Centres Centres help constructed facilitate Infrastructur Construction Shambal 1 1 Number of Fisheries and transfer of e of 2 artificial a, artificial Livestock new Developme insemination Masemu insemination technologie nt Centre Centres s on constructed livestock production, e.g. AI, LSCs Increase Livestock Livestock All wards 20 30 40 50 Number of Fisheries and Livestock production Stocking and Livestock Livestock production Re-stocking Stocking and and Re- productivity stocking conducted Livestock Sensitization All wards 22 22 22 22 Number of Fisheries and production on promotion awareness Livestock of feedlotting on the of cattle promotion of feed- lotting of cattle Livestock To establish 12 All wards 3 3 3 3 Number of Fisheries and production feedlots feedlots Livestock 187 | P a g e established OBJECTIVE 3 To Promote Steady Growth of the Fisheries Sector Advocate Human Deployment District 2 0 0 0 0 Number of Fisheries and for improved Resource of 2 extension office extension Livestock extension developmen staff staff service t recruited delivery in and the district deployed Promotion of Capture Hold Itumbi, 22 22 22 22 22 Number of Fisheries and sustainable Fisheries community Masemu, community Livestock fishing developmen awareness Babizhi awareness practices t meetings on Lubanda, meetings the need to Nyambo held on the use Kabulung need to use sustainable we and sustainable fishing Itezhi- fishing practices tezhi practices Actualizing Capture Development Lake 0 1 1 0 0 Number of Fisheries and the Fisheries Fisheries of the Itezhi- Fisheries Livestock Co- developmen Fisheries tezhi and Manageme manageme t Management Kafue nt Plans nt approach Plan Flats developed Fisheries Establishmen Capture Formation of Itumbi 0 8 10 0 0 Number of Fisheries and t of Fisheries Fisheries Village Masemu Village Livestock Co- developmen Fisheries Co- Babizhi Fisheries Co- manageme t management Lubanda manageme nt structures Committees Nyambo nt Kabulung Committees we and formed Itezhi- tezhi 188 | P a g e Promotion of Aquaculture Hold All the 15 15 15 15 15 Number of Fisheries and aquaculture developmen community wards community Livestock (fish t awareness awareness farming) meetings to meetings to activities transfer transfer aquaculture aquaculture knowledge knowledge and skills and skills conducted Aquaculture Construction Luchena, 0 2 2 2 0 Number of Fisheries and developmen of 6 standard Masemu, standard Livestock t 20mx30m fish Itezhi 20mx30m ponds Tezhi fish ponds constructed Reduce fish Fisheries Construction Masemu 0 1 0 0 0 Number of Fisheries and postharvest Infrastructur of Fish fish freezing Livestock losses e Freezing facilities Developme facility constructed nt Link fish Aquaculture Linking All the 5 5 5 5 5 Number of Fisheries and farmers to Developme prospective wards prospective Livestock institutions nt fish farmers to fish farmers that can financial linked to support lending financial them institutions lending financially and donors to institutions so that they provide and donors can venture startup to provide in capital startup aquaculture capital. farming OBJECTIVE 4 Improved Road Infrastructure In The District Construction Road Construction Dundum 30 30 Number of Engineering of 397km of construction of roads wezi road Km of road 189 | P a g e feeder roads – constructed in the district Shambal a - Mbila Pontoon – 40 40 Number of Engineering Mpombo Km of road -Makunku constructed D769 – 30 40 Number of Engineering Nkobo - Km of road Banacho constructed ongo Muunga - 40 Number of Engineering Makunku Km of road constructed Ngoma – 72 Number of Engineering Basanga - Km of road Luubwe constructed Bushinga 30 Number of Engineering – Itumbi - Km of road New constructed eden Lubanda 45 Number of Engineering - Km of road Kapilimal constructed enje Itezhi 80 Number of Engineering Tezhi – km of road Kalomo constructed Junction to Moobola (Namwal a District) Procurement District 1 Number of CDF of a heavy compactor equipment procured 190 | P a g e Procurement District 1 Number of CDF of a low bed heavy truck equipment procured Procurement District 1 Number of CDF of a 20-ton heavy tipper truck equipment procured Maintenanc Road Graveling Kasankw 20 Number of Engineering e of 432km maintenanc and grading a, km of road of gravel e of roads kalundu maintained roads in the and district masanza D769 40 Number of RDA km of road maintained D180 20 20 Number of Engineering (Namwal km of road a road) maintained Dundum 60 60 Number of Engineering wezi road km of road maintained Dundum 60 Number of Engineering/MLGRD wezi road km of road - maintained shaambal a - Mbila GOAL – Improved Governance Environment OBJECTIVE 1 To improve security in the district Construction Rule and Construction All wards 5 5 5 Number of Ministry of Home of 15 police law of police police posts affairs posts posts constructed OBJECTIVE 2 Improved public service delivery 191 | P a g e Construction Public Construction Itezhi 1 Number of District administration of district service of district Tezhi administrati administratio delivery administration on blocks n block constructed OBJECTIVE 3 To improve land administration and management Have Land Sign planning All 1 2 2 1 Number of Planning department planning manageme agreements chiefdom planning agreements nt and with chiefs s agreements with 6 chiefs administratio signed n 192 | P a g e CONCLUSION The IDP has been formulated as a plan to guide development efforts in the district in a coordinated manner to uplift the face of the district. The document has been formulated in line with the 8th National Development Plan encompassing the 4 pillars of Human & Social Development, Economic Transformation & Job Creation, Environmental Sustainability and Good Governance Environment. Being a predominantly rural district, the plan will aim to implement infrastructure development in the district in all socio-economic sectors in order to improve the well-being of people as well as enhance economic growth through improved agriculture, livestock, fishing, tourism and transport sectors there by realizing the vision of the IDP.