National Waste Management Strategy 2019-2023

Ministry of Natural Resources and EnvironmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment National Waste Management Strategy 2019-2023 National Waste Management Strategy 2019-2023 National Waste Management Strategy (2019-2023) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 1 Table of Contents Part 1 Executive Summary .................................................................. 6 1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 6 2 Scope of the NWMS ............................................................................... 6 3 Strategy ................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Vision .............................................................................................................. 7 3.2 Mission ........................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Guiding Principles .......................................................................................... 7 3.4 Priority areas ................................................................................................... 7 3.5 Top Priority Activities .................................................................................... 8 3.6 Monitoring Framework (Indicators) ............................................................... 9 Part 2 Strategy Context ...................................................................... 10 1 General Background ............................................................................. 10 1.1 Geographic features and location ................................................................. 10 1.2 Population ..................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Social organization ....................................................................................... 12 2 Understanding Solid Waste Management System ................................ 13 2.1 Waste generation amount and composition .................................................. 13 2.2 Waste collection............................................................................................ 16 2.3 Final disposal ................................................................................................ 20 2.4 Revenue and expenditure on SWM .............................................................. 22 2.5 Statistic information availability on SWM ................................................... 22 2.6 3R activities .................................................................................................. 22 2.7 Waste Stream in Upolu and Savaii ............................................................... 24 2.8 Legal and institutional framework ................................................................ 26 3 Understanding Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management System 32 3.1 Current situation of Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management ............. 32 3.2 Legal and institutional framework ................................................................ 33 4 Issues and Challenges ........................................................................... 34 4.1 Solid Waste Management Issues and Challenges ......................................... 34 4.2 Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Issues and Challenges ......... 35 Part 3 Strategy .................................................................................... 36 1 Purpose ................................................................................................. 36 2 Formulation Process ............................................................................. 36 3 Priority areas ......................................................................................... 37 4 Risks ..................................................................................................... 38 National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 2 5 Assumptions ......................................................................................... 38 6 Action Plan ........................................................................................... 38 7 Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................... 51 7.1 Measuring Progress ...................................................................................... 51 7.2 Periodic Review of the Action Plan .............................................................. 51 7.3 NWMS Steering Committee ......................................................................... 51 7.4 NWMS Sub Steering Committee .................................................................. 52 7.5 Financial Considerations .............................................................................. 53 Part 4 Annex ....................................................................................... 54 1 Future forecast of indicators ................................................................. 54 2 ToR for Steering Committee ................................................................ 60 3 References ............................................................................................ 61 National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 3 Acronyms AG Attorney General CDL Container Deposit Legislation CHWM Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management EPC Electric Power Corporation JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LTA Land Transport Authority MAF Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries MCIL Ministry of Commerce Industry & Labour MESC Ministry of Education Sports & Culture MFAT Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade MfR Ministry for Revenue MJCA Ministry of Justice & Courts Administration MNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOF Ministry of Finance MOH Ministry of Health MOP Ministry of Police MPE Ministry of Public Enterprises MPMC Ministry of the Prime Minster & Cabinet MWCSD Ministry of Women Community & Social Development MWTI Ministry of Works & Transport & Infrastructure NHS National Health Services NUS National University of Samoa NWMS National Waste Management Strategy POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants PSC Public Service Commission SAA Samoa Airport Authority SBS Samoa Bureau of Statistics SCC Samoa Chamber of Commerce SFESA Samoa Fire Emergency Services Authority SLC Samoa Land Corporation SPA Samoa Port Authority SPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme SROS Scientific Research Organization of Samoa SRWMA Samoa Recycling & Waste Management Association SSC Samoa Shipping Corporation STA Samoa Tourism Authority SUNGO Samoa Umbrella of Non-Governmental Organization SWA Samoa Water Authority SWM Solid Waste Management USP University of South Pacific / Alafua National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 4 Foreword The formulation of the National Waste Management Strategy of Samoa is one of mandates under Waste Management Act 2010 and also triggered by the need to respond to significant changes in the waste sector in the Pacific Region and globally. In particular, the changing consumption pattern in the last ten years saw the proliferation of more wasteful imported products. With current constraints on land space, resources, inadequacy in institutional and human capacity, the increased generation of wastes becomes very challenging. The sustained proper management of wastes will rely on a roadmap to guide the government and relevant stakeholders in delivering desired outcomes, by way of an endorsed strategy and its implementation. This National Waste Management Strategy will be a milestone for Samoa being the first to be endorsed. Through this Strategy, the Government of Samoa can facilitate approaches that minimizes the volume of wastes generated in the islands and diverting more wastes away from disposal sites with very limited capacity. This Strategy will also explore every possible opportunity to reduce, re-use and recycle waste materials to reduce operational costs and health/environmental impacts. Apart from this, resilience strategies through proper waste management can also contribute to addressing global issues such as resource depletion and climate change. The Strategy also considers the National obligations in the SDGs Goal 11.6 specifically and the SDS which again in line with the current National Environment Sector Plan (NESP). I would like to convey my sincere gratitude and appreciation with the continuous assistance and partnership with JICA through the Japanese Technical Cooperation Project for Promotion of Regional Initiative on Solid Waste Management in Pacific Island Countries Phase II (J-PRISM II) and the tireless assistance by SPREP in assisting Samoa in the Waste Management and thus the development of this National document to guide the sound and environmentally friendly management of wastes in Samoa. Just a kind reminder to us all; “Waste Management is Everyone’s’ Responsibility. Thank you, National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 5 About the document This document consist 4 parts as follows, Part 1 Executive Summary Part 1 summarizes the key contents of strategy for quick reference. Part 2 Strategy Context Part 2 provides context for the development of the National Waste Management Strategy and summarizes the institutional mechanisms governing the management of wastes in the country as well as the issues and challenges faced in the delivery of waste services. It also highlights current efforts in waste management and resource recovery and presents the drivers for change based on issues besetting the waste management. Part 3 Strategy Part 3 presents the strategic actions which will define the direction Samoa has to take to address the key issues presented in Part 2. Part 4 Annex Part 4 provides detail information regarding contents in this document and references. National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 6 Part 1 Executive Summary 1 Introduction Improvement of waste management is a key environmental issue in Samoa and it is one of the global issues as well. Prior to the formulation of National Waste Management Strategy, “Cleaner Pacific 2025” which is waste management strategy for pacific region, was developed and addressed key waste issues and countermeasures at the regional level with action plan for 2016-2025 (SPREP, 2014). On the other hand, Samoan government addressed waste management in the Strategy for the Development of Samoa (SDS) 2016/17 - 2019/20 under priority area 4 Environment, which also refers relevant Sustainable Development Goals (MOF, 2016). National Environment Sector Plan (NESP) 2017-2021 (MNRE, 2017) also addressed waste management under “Sustainable and Resilient Built Environment”. Formulation of National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS) is also required under the Waste Management Act 2010 (MNRE, 2010). The act addresses 17 Functions of MNRE and the formulation of the NWMS is one of these functions. This strategy will guide the waste management of Samoa for the period of 2019 to 2023 based on the baseline data collected through several surveys and outcomes of series of discussions amongst stakeholders in broad aspects of waste management in Samoa. The NWMS will be revised in 2023 based on review of progress. Considering the alignment and context mentioned above, as well as comments collected through consultation in the process of the formulation, National Waste Management Strategy (2019-2023) has been developed as integrated waste management strategy which targets both solid wastes and chemical and hazardous wastes to address priority actions to be taken for the next 5 years from 2019. 2 Scope of the NWMS The NWMS has been developed by covering solid waste and chemical and hazardous waste. Solid waste which includes general waste generated from households and businesses, while chemical and hazardous waste is a substance or matter which is toxic or poisonous or may cause injury or damage to human health or the environment as well as those items specified under international conventions. Figure 1-1 Definition of waste in the strategy • • National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 7 3 Strategy 3.1 Vision Clean and Healthy Samoa 3.2 Mission Collaboration with every citizen through participatory approach and commitment to waste management 3.3 Guiding Principles Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Return Polluter pays principle Public consultation and participation Sound decision making Selection of appropriate and affordable technology Public-private partnership 3.4 Priority areas A: Enhance environmental awareness of the public on waste related issues and the countermeasures B: Strengthen operational planning on SWM C: Implement regular survey for Basic SWM data collection D: Study Feasibility of future SWM options E: Establish efficient monitoring system on SWM operation F: Strengthen legal framework and enforcement G: Improve capacity of officials related to SWM H: Improve Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 8 3.5 Top Priority Activities Based on the consultation process of formulating NWMS, following activities are addressed as top priority activities. Solid Waste Management Promote 3R (Reduce campaign / On site compost / Off site compost / Aluminium can collection) Implement clean school program in regards to proper waste treatment and 3R for primary level Implement landfill survey (Capacity, daily report, water quality test for both in Tafaigata, Savaii) Develop landfill operation plan for Tafaigata Landfill and Vaiaata Landfill Implement feasibility study on financial option (User Pay System / CDL) Establish rubbish collection monitoring system Enforce regulation on plastic ban Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Strengthening of National Governance of Chemicals Increased awareness of chemical hazards Enhanced and Improved Chemical Legislation Sustainable Management of Chemicals during their Lifecycle National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 9 3.6 Monitoring Framework (Indicators) The following tables show indicators’ baseline as of 2017 and those target goals for 2023 which are planned to be achieved through implementation of action plan in the NWMS. The progress and achievement of the NWMS are measured not only by monitoring implementation of activities in the action plan but also the changes in the value of indicators during 5 years by 2023. 3.6.1 Solid Waste Management Indicators No. Indicator Baseline as of 2017 Forecast in 2023 (Without strategic actions) Target by 2023 (With strategic actions) 1 Household waste discharged amount (g/person/day) 387 394 367 2 Organic waste in discharged waste from household (g/person/day) 165 168 140 3 Recycling ratio of aluminum cans from household in Upolu (%) 44 44 61 4 Collection coverage for household in Upolu by amount (%) 38 39 61 5 Collection coverage for Upolu by track (%) 61 61 80 6 Ratio of unmanaged waste in Upolu (%) 58 58 47 7 Ratio of SWM revenue in cost (%) 3 3 5 8 Newly available or updated performance Indicator during 2018-2023 0 0 8 9 Number of legal framework developed or enhance enforcement during 2018-2023 0 0 5 10 Number of accident at landfill 2 2 0 11 Number of complaints for waste collection service 100 100 50 12 Ratio of plastics in discharged waste from household (%) 16 16 8 13 Number of Schools involved in clean school program 0 0 10 3.6.2 Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Indicators No. Indicator Baseline as of 2017 Forecast in 2023 (Without strategic actions) Target by 2023 (With strategic actions) 1 Number of New Inventories Identified 0 0 2 2 Number of awareness programs conducted for CHWM 6 10 20 3 Number of regulating tools developed 0 0 2 4 Number of minimization programs conducted 0 0 4 National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 10 Part 2 Strategy Context 1 General Background 1.1 Geographic features and location The Independent State of Samoa is situated in the south of equator, approximately 1,800 miles away from New Zealand and 80 miles away from American Samoa. The Independent State of Samoa consists of two main islands, Savaii and Upolu, with eight smaller islands Apolima, Manono, Fanuatapu, Namu’a, Nu’utele,Nu’ulua, Nu’ulopa, and Nu’usafe’e. The total land area is 2830 square km. (SBS, 2018). Figure 2-1 Map of Samoa Samoa is rich in nature resources and 60 percent of area is forested as of 2009 (FAO, 2009). Both of main islands have relatively mountainous landscape with symbolic mountains, the Mount Fito (1,110m) in Upolu Island and the Mount Silisili (1,848m) in Savaii Island. While most of the settlements are concentrated along the narrow flat land along costal line for both of main islands. Road network is developed on both islands connecting all villages. Samoa has a tropical climate with distinction dry season (May-Oct) and wet season (June-Sep). The average temperature is 26-27 degree Celsius throughout the year (MNRE, 2016). Occasionally, tropical cyclone strikes the nation and causes serious impacts on SWM. National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 11 Figure 2-2 Rainfall and temperature 1.2 Population According to the national census (SBS, 2017), the population as of 2016 is 151,364 in Upolu, 884 in Manono, 96 in Apolima and 43,499 in Savaii with a total population of 195,843. The total population in 2023 is estimated to be 207,075 with the annual population growth rate of 1,605 persons/year. Figure 2-3 Population estimates of Samoa National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 12 1.3 Social organization The nation is divided into 48 districts with total of 338 villages. At the village level, the governance is through a traditional body of village councils. The village council consists of matais representative of each family in the village. The Matai plays an important role in broad aspect of local community affairs by making important decisions for the village and formulation of village rules and laws. Village mayors are the Government arm as a representative of the Government in the village under the administration of the MWCSD. Further, each village appoints a representative called sui o le nuu from the matai which works for interactive communication between the government and the village. Samoan government usually consults these representatives and ascertains the cooperation from the community for implementing the Strategies, Policies, etc. The following table shows the number of districts and villages in Samoa (SBS, 2017). Table 2-1 Number of districts and villages in Samoa Island Number of district Number of village Upolu 29 229 Savaii 19 102 Manono (Under Aiga i le Tai district in Upolu) 6 Apolima 1 Total 48 338 National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 13 2 Understanding Solid Waste Management System This section highlights baseline information on SWM and also provides legal framework which governs the overall management of solid waste on the national level. 2.1 Waste generation amount and composition Waste amount and composition is one of the fundamental indicators of SWM which enables to estimate the amount of waste generated in the country and thus highlight the dominant waste category occupies by ratio in total. Two different concepts of “waste amount” were adopted to consider waste amount and composition. One is “Waste generation amount” and the other is “Waste discharged amount”. “Waste generation amount” refers to all kinds of waste generated at generation source. “Waste discharged amount” only includes waste categories which are discharged on the platform (Waste collection point). There is also a concept of “Potential Waste” which could be waste but are not generated actually by practicing Reduce, Reuse, Refuse and Repair policy at waste generation source but it is quite difficult to measure the potential waste amount, hence this concept was excluded from the analysis. Above mentioned concept of “waste amount” is summarized in the figure below. Figure 2-4 Concept of waste amount The Waste Generation Amount and Waste discharged amount and those compositions were surveyed with Waste Audit conducted in Nov 2017. The audit was conducted by collecting waste samples from selected 40 households with 365 persons in 5 villages for 1 week. As a result of the survey, the waste generation amount was identified as 1,060 g/person/day and discharged amount was 387g/person/day. Major waste categories in discharged waste were organic waste (Green waste + Food scrap) (43%) followed by Plastics (16%), paper and cardboard (13%) and Diaper (12%). Table 2-2 Waste Generation Amount and Waste Discharged Amount Waste Generation Amount (g/person/day) 1,060 Waste Discharged Amount (g/person/day) 387 Potential Waste Self Disposal On site Recycling Total Discharged Waste W aste G eneration A m ount W aste D ischarged A m ount Waste prevention measure practiced at waste generation source (Reduce/Reuse/Refuse/Repair etc. ) Practices conducted at waste generation source (Open Burning/Open Dumping/Feeding Animal/ On-site Compost/ Returnable Glass bottle Separation) Discharged waste from the generation source (Collected waste/ Uncollected waste/Illegal dumping) N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 14 Fi gu re 2 5 C om po si tio n fo r g en er at io n w as te 15 % 42 % 4% 1%4% 1%1% 4% 23 % 0% 2% 0%0% 1% 0% 0% Co m po si tio n fo r ge ne ra tio n w as te (g /p er so n/ da y) 1. G re en 2. F oo d Sc ra p 3. P ap er 4. C ar db oa rd 5. P la st ic b ag s /p ap er s 6. P ET b ot tle s 7. P la st ic c on ta in er s 8. D ia pe r 9. G la ss 10 . C er am ic 11 . S te el 12 . A lu m in iu m 13 . O th er m et al 14 . T ex til e 15 . R ub be r N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 15 Fi gu re 2 6 C om po si tio n fo r d is ch ar ge d w as te 7% 36 % 10 % 3% 10 % 2%4 % 12 % 4%1% 6% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% Co m po si tio n fo r di sc ha rg ed w as te (g /p er so n/ da y) 1. G re en 2. F oo d Sc ra p 3. P ap er 4. C ar db oa rd 5. P la st ic b ag s /p ap er s 6. P ET b ot tle s 7. P la st ic c on ta in er s 8. D ia pe r 9. G la ss 10 . C er am ic 11 . S te el 12 . A lu m in iu m 13 . O th er m et al 14 . T ex til e 15 . R ub be r National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 16 Comparing the result with waste audit results in 2011 (MNRE, 2011), there is a slight increase in waste discharge amount (7g/person/day). If we consider entire of Samoa, waste discharge amount is estimated as 71.4 ton/day as of 2011 with the population of 187,820, while it is estimated as 76.4 ton/day with the population of 197,448 as of 2017 which indicates 5 tons of increase in daily waste discharge amount nationwide. As for waste composition, organic waste (Green waste, food scrap) is still the most dominant category in household waste. The composition was changed slightly by increase of paper, cardboard, plastics and textiles. 2.2 Waste collection 2.2.1 Waste collection system MNRE provides waste collection service for all households and small businesses located in collection zone by its contractors. Majority of the households and small businesses located in the collection zones have “Plat form” which are raised waste collection (or discharge) point made of concrete block or other locally available materials and are visually placed along the roadside. On the other hand, there are households which don’t have access to the waste collection services although they are located within the collection zone. Actual situation of collection points and collection service provided by contractors in both Upolu Island and Savaii Island were surveyed through the time and motion survey conducted in 2017. Table 2-4 below summarizes collection points confirmed in time and motion survey in Upolu Island. Among 6,260 collection points, waste of 5,287 collection points (84.5 percent) were collected while 34 (0.5 percent) were mistakenly not collected. The other 939 collection points (15.0 percent) were without waste even though the day was the collection day. Except for the above mentioned collection points, there were 258 cases confirmed that even there were not collection points but waste was collected directly from resident. Basically, the collection vehicle stops by each of collection points and collect the waste discharged on the collection points. As for those houses without collection points, the waste only collected when the residents of those houses are waiting in front of the road with the waste when the collection vehicle arrives, otherwise their wastes are not collected and which might potentially cause open dumping. Table 2-3 Collection Point in Upolu Island Category No. Proportion (%) Collected CP 5,287 84.5 Uncollected CP 34 0.5 Empty CP 939 15.0 Total No of CP 6260 100.0 Waste collected without CP 258 National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 17 There are 14 zones in the Upolu and 4 zones in the Savaii. The coverage of collection service for each zone was identified based on the actual track taken at the time and motion survey. As a result, approximately 60 percent of the length of designated road was collected while the other 40 percent of the road was not collected. The overall result of time & motion survey indicates that contractors are mostly collecting waste in the area where they normally take, while not covering all the designated areas. In order to examine the cause of the low collection coverage, implementation of regular monitoring on contractor’s performance and user’s discharge manner as well as development of user database to identify the location of problematic points are required. N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 18 Fi gu re 2 7 W as te c ol le ct io n se rv ic e m ap in U po lu (i nc lu di ng M an on o an d A po lim a) N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 19 Fi gu re 2 8 W as te C ol le ct io n S er vi ce M ap in S av ai i National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 20 Table 2-4 Collection route and actual track at the T&M Survey ID Zone Route (m) Actual track (m) Coverage (%) 1 A 27,208 21,392 79 2 B1 41,996 29,539 70 3 B2 55,998 28,583 51 4 B3 67,271 26,625 40 5 C1 37,862 24,403 64 6 C2 63,848 52,223 82 7 D1 40,491 18,331 45 8 D2 117,533 72,999 62 9 E1 54,215 20,349 38 10 E2 49,737 19,456 39 11 E3 91,087 55,577 61 12 F1 56,693 48,870 86 13 F2 81,961 56,044 68 14 Fagaloa 20,833 20,833 100 15 M/A N/A N/A N/A 16 Savaii1 61,517 34,991 57 17 Savaii2 101,075 74,089 73 18 Savaii3 76,626 56,349 74 19 Savaii4 106,323 69,999 66 2.3 Final disposal 2.3.1 Location and area of landfill In Samoa, there are 2 approved landfills namely, Tafaigata Landfill and Vaiaata Landfill. There are 15.4 acres for Tafaigata and 9.8 acres for Vaiaata Landfill including related functions or facilities of landfills. However, there is no system in place to monitor the remaining capacity and operation. Table 2-5 Outline of approved landfill in Samoa Tafaigata Landfill Vaiaata Landfill Location Tafaigata, Upolu Island Vaiaata, Savaii Island Area of Landfill 15.4 acres 9.8 acres 2.3.2 Functions of landfills There are known and systematic functions of landfills. There is a waste separation and collection system already in place at Tagfaigata Landfill. Basically recyclables at the landfill area are separately collected by registered waste pickers and recyclers based within the landfill site and recyclers buy those recyclables from the waste pickers. There is composting yard within the landfill area at Tafaigata Landfill but currently not fully functioning due to lack of staffs with relevant skills. National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 21 Table 2-6 Functions of landfill Tafaigata Landfill Vaiaata Landfill Separation and collection Recyclables such as Aluminum can, Aluminum, White goods are separated by waste pickers and recycling company N/A Compost N/A (There is compost yard but currently not operated) N/A Disposal General waste from household and businesses is accepted. General waste from household and businesses is accepted. Incinerator for healthcare waste Healthcare waste is incinerated. Healthcare waste is incinerated. Leachate Pond Quality of the leachate is monitored in 2018. Quality of the leachate is not monitored. 2.3.3 Incoming waste Wastes collected by the contractors as well as waste directly transported by public institutions, businesses and individuals are accepted at the landfills. According to incoming waste record taken at Tafaigata Landfill during 1 week in Jan 2018, 45 tons was recorded from incoming wastes on a daily average. Majority of incoming vehicles are from contractors. Table 2-7 Incoming waste record at Tafaigata Landfill Date Day No. of incoming vehicle with waste (No.) Total weight (kg) 2018/1/29 Mon 46 66,791 2018/1/30 Tue 44 89,045 2018/1/31 Wed 36 31,745 2018/2/1 Thu 33 37,121 2018/2/2 Fri 54 56,771 2018/2/3 Sat 39 33,693 2018/2/4 Sun(Closed) 0 0 Total 252 315,166 Daily average (Excludes Sunday) 42 52,528 Daily average (Includes Sunday) 36 45,023 National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 22 2.4 Revenue and expenditure on SWM In Samoa, SWM is under MNRE’s responsibility and the revenue for implementing SWM is covered by tax, grants and other revenue of Samoan government. While, tipping fees at the Tafaigata Landfill is the only source of revenue for the government from SWM. When it comes to the balance between revenue and expenditure specifically for SWM, revenue is far less than expenditure. In this regards, implementation of SWM in Samoa is highly depended on the availability of other sources of revenue. Recently, expenditure for SWM service tends to increase significantly. Considering the above mentioned situation, there is an ongoing discussion within the government to increase the revenue collection through a “pay user system” which basically collects waste fee from users of waste collection services. Revenue and expenditure on SWM in MNRE is summarized in table below. Table 2-8 Revenue and expenditure on SWM in MNRE Revenue Tipping fee at Tafaigata Landfill $102,959.00 Expenditure Waste Collection $2,360,104.37 Litter maintenance $433,637.64 Landfill maintenance $443,805.00 Lawn maintenance $25,450.00 Total $3,262,997.01 2.5 Statistic information availability on SWM Some of the statistic information on SWM were updated through baseline survey conducted in 2017. Based on the result of the survey, baseline of some key SWM indicators were identified as of 2017 and which are the basis of future planning and target goals of the NWMS. On the other hand, there are still SWM indicators which are not available and to be identified in the future. In addition to that, current available SWM indicators also need to be updated on a regular basis subject to monitoring of any changes occurred during a certain period. 2.6 3R activities Most of the 3R activities are related to the view of values, lifestyles and culture of people. Generally, the concept of 3R is Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. 2.6.1 Reduce Reduce is a practice of not generating waste as much as possible, which is prior to recycle but it is difficult to quantify the baseline with statistics. Several practices related to reduce were confirmed in the community by sharing the food for reducing food waste. Avoiding of disposal of certain items also contributes to reduction of wastes. The Reduce concept also contributes to minimize the expenditures and can be promoted with optimization of household economy. National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 23 2.6.2 Reuse Reuse is a practice of using the same material repeatedly as much as possible which is also prior to recycle and again, it is difficult to quantify the baseline with statistics. Basically, glass bottles of local beverages in Samoa are being reused but not recycled through a refund system. 2.6.3 Recycle (and return) Recycle is a practice to produce new products or materials from the ones that are out of use. It is the last option and is specifically for certain materials such as aluminum cans, etc. When it comes to recycle, many people think about recycling of industrial products with high technology. However, the concept of recycle also refers composting which has been practiced since long ago traditionally. 2.6.4 Recycle of industrial product included in wastes in Samoa Since Samoa is highly depended on import for domestic consumption, most of the wastes are generated from products imported from overseas particularly from packaging. In many cases, packages of those products or products themselves are recycled in the country where the products are manufactured, while those are just landfilled together with other wastes in Samoa due to absence of a proper recycling system. The only exception, is for recyclables with relatively high value in the world market which can produce some profit by collecting in Samoa and exporting to the country where those materials can be re-processed and recycled. Among the waste streams of households and small businesses, aluminum cans are the only material that are collected in Samoa and exported to New Zealand, Australia and etc. 2.6.5 Composting in Samoa Composting can be divided into two categories by the location of composting. On-site compost is a way of composting practiced at waste generation source usually at household level. While Off-site composting is a way of composting practiced at designated place developed for composting and organic wastes collected from several waste generation sources. Off-site compost is adopted usually for composting green waste generated from businesses. There are composting practiced in Samoa but there are no statistical data readily available. On-site composting at household level was confirmed during the waste audit. People generally apply green waste to the roots of plant in their home gardens as nourishment and it is called mulching. Since green waste and food scrap are the main components of the discharged waste from household, promotion of composting can be an option to reduce the waste generation amount. N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 24 2. 7 W as te S tr ea m in U po lu a nd S av ai i B as ed o n th e da ta c ol le ct ed th ro ug h ba se lin e su rv ey , w as te s tr ea m f or U po lu a nd S av ai i w er e de ve lo pe d as s ho w n be lo w . W as te s tr ea m f or S av ai i i s de ve lo pe d ba se d on th e da ta in U po lu . Fi gu re 2 9 W as te S tre am in U po lu N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 25 Fi gu re 2 1 0 W as te S tre am in S av ai i National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 26 2.8 Legal and institutional framework The section summarizes existing legal framework and describes the current functions of MNRE as specified in the Waste Management Act 2010. 2.8.1 Lands, Surveys and Environment Act 1989 This act was developed in 1989 under the Department of Land, Surveys and Environment. In relation to waste, the Division 8 “Litter Control” prescribed the provisions for litter control measures. It lumps up dumping and depositing of wastes as littering in public places and private lands. The division 8 also imposes penalties on breaching provisions of the Act in general. 2.8.2 Waste Management Act 2010 This act is the most fundamental legal framework on waste management in Samoa. It defines the roles and responsibilities of MNRE and relevant stakeholders by waste category in the general context of waste management. There are 17 MNRE’s mandated functions. MNRE is willing to fulfill those functions as the main responsible ministry for waste management. However, the insufficient capacity of MNRE limits its ability to fulfill its obligations. The current status of MNRE’s performance for each of the functions is summarized in the Table 2-2. 2.8.3 Waste (Plastic Bag) Management Regulations 2018 This Regulations repeals the Plastic Bag Prohibition on Importation Regulation 2006. The primary objective of the Regulations is to ban certain plastic materials in particularly shopping bags, packing bags and straws. It is evident that more than 12.7 Mt of plastics entered the oceans globally. The adverse impact in the marine resources from plastics has turn the tide for countries to implement actions to prohibit the use of certain plastic materials. The Regulations highlighted that a person who in possession of plastic, Styrofoam plastic or straw for the purpose of: a. Manufacturing; or b. Exportation; or c. Selling and distribution in Samoa Is prohibited. N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 27 Ta bl e 2 9 M N R E F un ct io n an d cu rr en t s ta tu s D es cr ip tio n M ai n O bj ec tiv e A ct io n C ur re nt c on di tio n N ec es sa ry a ct io n (a ) T he fo rm ul at io n an d im pl em en ta tio n of a N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y an d ot he r re la te d st ra te gi es , a nd th e pe rio di c re vi ew an d am en dm en t o f s uc h st ra te gi es ; N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tra te gy O th er R el at ed S tra te gi es (a ) 1 Fo rm ul at io n (a ) 2 I m pl em en ta tio n (a ) 3 P er io di c R ev ie w (a ) 4 A m en dm en t (a ) 1 N at io na l S ol id W as te M an ag em en t S tra te gy h as be en F or m ul at ed (a ) 2 T o be im pl em en te d (a ) 3 T o be re vi ew ed (a ) 4 T o be a m en de d Fo rm ul at e th e N at io na l S ol id W as te M an ag em en t S tra te gy . (b ) M ak in g ar ra ng em en ts fo r th e pr ov is io n of co m m er ci al , in du st ria l an d re si de nt ia l w as te co lle ct io n se rv ic es ; P ro vi si on of co m m er ci al , in du st ria l an d re si de nt ia l w as te c ol le ct io n se rv ic e (b ) 1 M ak in g A rr an ge m en ts (b ) 1 W as te c ol le ct io n se rv ic e is a rr an ge d fo r sm al l bu si ne ss es a nd h ou se ho ld s lo ca te d in t he c ol le ct io n zo ne d es ig ne d by M N R E . H ow ev er , th er e ar e fr eq ue nt co m pl ai ns . T he re a re b us in es se s an d ho us eh ol ds w hi ch d on ’t ha ve ac ce ss t o th e w as te c ol le ct io n se rv ic e bu t th e ac tu al nu m be r is n ot id en tif ie d. P ar t of c om m er ci al a nd r es id en tia l w as te i s di re ct ly tra ns po rte d to la nd fil l b y th os e ge ne ra te d w as te . C ol le ct io n of i nd us tri al w as te i s ou t of s co pe o f th e se rv ic e pr ov id ed by th e co nt ra ct or s un de r M N R E . R ec yc la bl e is c ol le ct ed b y re cy cl in g co m pa ni es . H az ar do us w as te i s m on ito re d de pe nd s on t he r ep or t re ce iv ed . Im pr ov e th e m on ito rin g on co lle ct io n se rv ic e. C on du ct s ur ve y to de ve lo p se rv ic e us er d at ab as e. C on tin ue w ei gh br id ge re co rd . C ol le ct st at is tic in fo rm at io n on re cy cl ab le s, ha za rd ou s w as te . (c ) E ns ur in g th at a de qu at e pr ov is io n is m ad e fo r w as te m an ag em en t fa ci lit ie s in S am oa , in cl ud in g th e id en tif ic at io n, de ve lo pm en t an d m an ag em en t of l an df ill a re as i n ac co rd an ce w ith th is la w an d ot he r la w s re la tin g to de ve lo pm en t c on tro ls ; W as te M an ag em en t Fa ci lit ie s (c ) 1 E ns ur in g th e ad eq ua te p ro vi si on La nd fil l s ite is e xi st ed in b ot h U po lu a nd S av ai i. B ot h of th e la nd fil ls a re a do pt in g se m i-a er ob ic la nd fil l s ys te m s o ca lle d Fu ku ok a M et ho d. T he re is n o op er at io n pl an fo r t he la nd fil ls . D ev el op la nd fil l op er at io n pl an f or T af ai ga ta an d V ai aa ta L an df ill s. N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 28 D es cr ip tio n M ai n O bj ec tiv e A ct io n C ur re nt c on di tio n N ec es sa ry a ct io n (d ) R eq ui rin g th e so un d m an ag em en t o f l an df ill a re as a nd ap pr ov ed du m pi ng an d w as te st or ag e si te s th at in co rp or at e co m pr eh en si ve en vi ro nm en ta l m an ag em en t sy st em s, i nc lu di ng le ac ha te co nt ai nm en t an d m an ag em en t m ea su re s; La nd fil l a re as A pp ro ve d du m pi ng W as te st or ag e si te s (d ) 1 R eq ui rin g th e so un d m an ag em en t (d ) 1 T af ai ga ta La nd fil l an d V ai aa ta La nd fil l ar e ap pr ov ed a s la nd fil l a re a. La nd fil l ar ea s ar e m an ag ed u nd er D E C s ta ff bu t da ily op er at io n is c on tra ct ed o ut . C ur re nt ly t he m an ag em en t of b ot h la nd fil ls in U po lu a nd S av ai i a re n ot s uf fic ie nt . T he re is s ho rta ge o f s ta ffs a nd n ee ds o f p ra ct ic al la nd fil l op er at io n m an ua l. O ne r ec yc lin g co m pa ny a nd c om po st in g co m pa ny a re op er at in g le as ed la nd in T af ai ga ta L an df ill . T he o th er s (r ec yc lin g co m pa ny an d co m po st in g co m pa ny ) ar e op er at in g in th ei r pr iv at e pr op er ty bu t th er e is no re gu la tio n on th e st or ag e. T he re is n o ot he r ap pr ov ed d um pi ng o r w as te s to ra ge si te s. S ec ur e la nd fil l st af fs . U pd at e T oR fo r la nd fil l ba se d on cu rr en t n ee ds . Im pr ov e la nd fil l op er at io n m an ua l. M on ito r co nt ra ct or ’s co m pl ia nc e on T oR . R eq ui re so un d m an ag em en t to re cy cl ab le s to ra ge si te . (e ) Im po se r eq ui re m en ts a nd m ak e ar ra ng em en ts fo r th e pr op er m an ag em en t of a re as a fte r th ey ha ve ce as ed to be us ed as la nd fil l a re as a nd d um pi ng s ite s; P ro pe r m an ag em en t of ar ea s af te r u se d as La nd fil l a re as D um pi ng s ite s (e ) 1 Im po se re qu ire m en ts (e ) 2 M ak in g ar ra ng em en ts (e ) 1 Fo rm er d um p si te s in U po lu h ad b ee n cl ea ne d up w he n T af ai ga ta L an df ill w as d ev el op ed . T he re m ig ht b e so m e ill eg al d um p si te w hi ch is n ot id en tif ie d. T he re is n o st an da rd fo r r eq ui re m en ts a nd a rr an ge m en t fo r c ea se d la nd fil l. S tre ng th en th e m on ito rin g fo r ill eg al d um pi ng . D ev el op s ta nd ar d fo r c ea se d la nd fil l. (f ) R eg ul at in g th e op er at io n of w as te tre at m en t, st or ag e an d di sp os al fa ci lit ie s; T he O pe ra tio n of W as te T re at m en t; S to ra ge ; D is po sa l fa ci lit ie s (f ) 1 R eg ul at in g (f ) 1 T he op er at io n of w as te co lle ct io n an d la nd fil l op er at io n is so m eh ow re gu la te d by th e co nt ra ct al th ou gh th er e is n o sp ec ifi c re gu la tio n. T he re m ig ht b e a ne ed o f de ve lo pi ng r eg ul at io n fo r re cy cl ab le s si nc e so m e ar e co nt ai ns h az ar do us m at er ia l. D ev el op re gu la tio n fo r re cy cl in g op er at io n. N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 29 D es cr ip tio n M ai n O bj ec tiv e A ct io n C ur re nt c on di tio n N ec es sa ry a ct io n (g ) E ns ur in g th at ad eq ua te w as te m an ag em en t se rv ic es ar e pr ov id ed to ai rc ra ft an d sh ip s, an d th e im po si tio n of re qu ire m en ts t o be o bs er ve d by pi lo ts a nd s hi ps m as te rs i n th is re ga rd ; W as te m an ag em en t se rv ic e to ai rc ra ft an d sh ip s (g ) 1 E ns ur in g th e pr ov is io n (g ) 2 I m po si tio n of re qu ire m en ts (g ) 1 W as te ge ne ra te d fro m ai rp or t is co lle ct ed by A irp or t A ut ho rit y (A A ) a nd S am oa S hi pp in g C or po ra tio n (S S C ) co lle ct s w as te g en er at ed b y th ei r sh ip s an d fa ci lit ie s. T he w as te g en er at ed b y ot he r pr iv at e sh ip s is no t c ol le ct ed b y S S C . C ol le ct in fo rm at io n fo r w as te ge ne ra te d by p riv at e sh ip . (h ) P ro m ot in g re cy cl in g, an d im pl em en tin g m ea su re s to m in im iz e w as te s ha vi ng pa rti cu la r ad ve rs e im pl ic at io ns fo r hu m an he al th an d th e en vi ro nm en t; W as te m in im iz at io n (h ) 1 P ro m ot in g re cy cl in g (h ) 2 I m pl em en tin g m ea su re s (h ) 1 M N R E is l ea si ng l an d to r ec yc lin g co m pa ny a nd co m po st in g co m pa ny to p ro m ot e re cy cl in g. (h ) 2 T he re u se d to b e “P la st ic B ag P ro hi bi tio n on Im po rta tio n R eg ul at io ns 20 06 ” w hi ch re gu la te s th e im po rt at io n of p la st ic p ro du ct s to p ro vi de b io d eg ra da bl e pl as tic b ag s. (h ) 2 B ot h U po lu a nd S av ai i h av e in ci ne ra to r fo r he al th ca re w as te (U nd er M oH ). P ro m ot e 3R an d w as te m in im iz at io n at ge ne ra tio n so ur ce . (i) M on ito rin g th e ef fe ct s of w as te s on hu m an he al th an d th e en vi ro nm en t, an d en ha nc in g co op er at io n w ith a ll of fic er s in th e di sc ha rg e of th ei r la w fu l re sp on si bi lit ie s re la tin g to re gu la tin g an d m on ito rin g w as te s an d m on ito rin g w as te m an ag em en t pr oc es se s an d fa ci lit ie s; E ffe ct s of w as te s on hu m an he al th an d th e en vi ro nm en t (i) 1 M on ito rin g (i) 2 E nh an ci ng th e co op er at io n w ith a ll of fic er s (i) 1 , 2 T he w at er q ua lit y of th e la nd fil l w as s ur ve ye d w ith co op er at io n of S R O S a nd m on ito re d by M N R E o n a re gu la r b as is u nt il 20 15 b ut n ot u pd at ed s in ce th en . T hi s m ig ht b e re la te d to t he b ud ge t an d ch an ge in s ta ffs a t la nd fil l . (i) 1 , 2 Ill eg al d um pi ng i s m on ito re d by M N R E w ith co op er at io n of e nv iro nm en ta l r an ge r a nd lo ca l p eo pl e. D ev el op st af f sk ill s fo r co nd uc tin g su rv ey . Im pr ov e m on ito rin g sy st em by m ak in g us e of th e en vi ro nm en ta l ra ng er . (j) R eg ul at in g pe rs on s in vo lv ed in th e tra ns po rt at io n, s to ra ge a nd di sp os al o f w as te s in a cc or da nc e w ith th is A ct a nd a ny la w r el at in g to th e m an ag em en t o f w as te s; P er so ns in vo lv ed in th e tra ns po rta tio n, st or ag e an d di sp os al o f w as te s (j) 1 R eg ul at in g (j) 1 T he C on tra ct so m eh ow re gu la te s th e pe rs on in vo lv ed in r ub bi sh c ol le ct io n an d la nd fil l o pe ra tio n bu t th er e is c ha lle ng e in it s en fo rc em en t. T he re is n o sp ec ifi c re gu la tio n. N ee d so m e re gu la tio n on w as te . E nf or ce th e co nd iti on . D ev el op re cy cl ab le re gu la tio n. N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 30 D es cr ip tio n M ai n O bj ec tiv e A ct io n C ur re nt c on di tio n N ec es sa ry a ct io n (k ) T he pr ep ar at io n, ad op tio n an d en fo rc em en t of r ul es , op er at in g m an ua ls , co de s of p ra ct ic e an d st an da rd s re gu la tin g ac tiv iti es as so ci at ed w ith th e m an ag em en t of w as te s in S am oa ; R ul es O pe ra tin g M an ua ls C od es of pr ac tic e (k ) 1 P re pa ra tio n (k ) 2 A do pt io n (k ) 3 E nf or ce m en t (k ) 1, 2, 3 T he re is so m e co nd iti on m en tio ne d in co nt ra ct . B ut n ot c ov er ed fo r a ll as pe ct s. Im pr ov e La nd fil l op er at io n m an ua l. D ev el op re gu la tio n on re cy cl ab le . (l) Im pl em en tin g lit te r an d w as te co nt ro l m ea su re s; Li tte r an d w as te co nt ro l m ea su re s (l) 1 Im pl em en tin g (l) 1 L itt er m ai nt en an ce s er vi ce i s co nt ra ct ed o ut . B ut si tu at io n on th e lit te r is n ot im pr ov ed . C on du ct aw ar en es s fo r pr ev en t l itt er . (m ) T he p re pa ra tio n of r ep or ts a nd th e co m pi la tio n of st at is tic s re le va nt t o th e m an ag em en t of w as te s in S am oa , a nd th e re gu la r re po rti ng of su ch m at te rs in ac co rd an ce w ith th is A ct ; R ep or ts an d S ta tis tic s (m ) 1 P re pa ra tio n of re po rts (m ) 2 C om pi la tio n of st at is tic s (m ) 3 R eg ul ar R ep or tin g (m ) 1, 3 M on ito rin g re po rt on li tte rin g, ru bb is h co lle ct io n, la nd fil l a nd il le ga l d um pi ng a re p re pa re d m on th ly b ut n ot ef fic ie nt . (m ) 2 T he re a re v ar ie ty o f d at a on s ta tis tic s bu t m os t o f da ta is o ut d at ed a nd n ot u til iz ed . Im pr ov e m on ito rin g ef fic ie nc y. C on du ct su rv ey s on a re gu la r b as is . (n ) R ai si ng pu bl ic aw ar en es s of m at te rs co nc er ni ng th e m in im iz at io n of th e ge ne ra tio n of w as te s an d th e ef fe ct iv e m an ag em en t o f w as te s; M in im iz at io n of th e ge ne ra tio n of w as te s E ffe ct iv e M an ag em en t of w as te s (n ) 1 R ai si ng pu bl ic aw ar en es s (n ) 1 A w ar en es s is im pl em en te d in s om e sc ho ol s an d co m m un iti es d ep en d on th e re qu es t. (n ) 1 E nv iro nm en t w ee k is o ne o f th e op po rt un iti es f or aw ar en es s. (n ) 1 S ch ed ul e of ru bb is h co lle ct io n is a dv er tis ed o n TV an d ne w sp ap er . C on du ct ef fic ie nt aw ar en es s fo r sp ec ifi c ta rg et . (o ) T he f or m ul at io n, i m pl em en ta tio n an d en fo rc em en t of po lic ie s, pr og ra m s, in iti at iv es , st an da rd s an d re qu ire m en ts ai m ed to re du ce th e ge ne ra tio n of w as te s P ol ic ie s P ro gr am s In iti at iv es S ta nd ar ds R eq ui re m en ts T o re du ce th e ge ne ra tio n of w as te s (o ) 1 Fo rm ul at io n (o ) 2 I m pl em en ta tio n (o ) 3 E nf or ce m en t (o ) 1 W as te m an ag em en t p ol ic y w as fo rm ul at ed b ut it ’s al re ad y ou td at ed . T he re i s no p ro gr am , in iti at iv es o n w as te re du ct io n. Fo rm ul at e an d im pl em en t th e N at io na l S ol id W as te M an ag em en t S tra te gy . N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 31 D es cr ip tio n M ai n O bj ec tiv e A ct io n C ur re nt c on di tio n N ec es sa ry a ct io n (p ) T he fo rm ul at io n of ap pr op ria te ar ra ng em en ts a nd p ro ce du re s fo r th e m an ag em en t of l an df ill s an d w as te m an ag em en t fa ci lit ie s in th e ev en t o f n at ur al di sa st er s, fir es , an d ot he r em er ge nc ie s, co ns is te nt w ith la w s de al in g w ith di sa st er a nd em er ge nc y m an ag em en t; M an ag em en t o f La nd fil ls w as te m an ag em en t fa ci lit ie s in th e em er ge nc y ca se s (p ) 1 Fo rm ul at io n of ap pr op ria te ar ra ng em en ts (p ) 2 F or m ul at io n of ap pr op ria te pr oc ed ur es T he re is no pl an of fo rm ul at in g fo r ap pr op ria te ar ra ng em en ts a nd it s pr oc ed ur es . M ak e us e of R eg io na l D is as te r w as te m an ag em en t gu id el in e to be de ve lo pe d. (q ) P er fo rm in g an y ot he r fu nc tio ns pr ov id ed f or b y la w o r ve st ed i n th e M in is tr y by C ab in et O th er fu nc tio ns (q ) 1 P er fo rm in g N /A N /A National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 32 3 Understanding Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management System 3.1 Current situation of Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Chemical use in Samoa is relatively small, although demand is rapidly rising with increased economic development and improved living standards. About 117 million Samoan Tala was expended on chemical imports in 2009, with petroleum products 82%, consumer chemicals 6%, industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals 5% each, and pesticides 2%. But while recognizing the important role that chemicals play in national development, there is also growing alarm about the hazardous nature of chemicals and their adverse effects on human health and the environment. Concerns have been raised on the lack of effective control of chemical imports, unsafe usage, and improper disposal of chemical waste. To integrate the Chemical and Hazardous component of the Strategy, the national chemical and hazardous status has been analyzed and summarized below: International linkages / Implementation of MEAs: strong linkages were established between the government of Samoa and the secretariats of the international chemical and waste conventions, but capacity for effective implementation was lacking. Chemical Trade and use: There was limited knowledge of actual inventories of chemical imports and subsequent chemical waste. Priority concerns related to chemicals during their life cycle: one of the main concerns in Hazardous and Chemical management was the lack of knowledge of the movement of chemicals – from imports to waste. Legal instruments and non-regulatory mechanisms for hazardous and chemical management: existing chemical laws were inconsistent and fragmented, resulting in a lack integrated or interagency approach to hazardous and chemical management. Government agencies and private sector organizations participating in hazardous and chemical management: there was limited participation in hazardous and chemical management activities by private sector companies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Interagency commissions and coordinating mechanisms: there was limited cooperation and collaboration among government agencies and organizations involved in hazardous and chemical management. Data access and use: there was lack of information sharing and data exchange among the key chemical stakeholders including regulators, importers users and communities. Technical Infrastructure: there were no national bodies with the facilities for scientific research and technical assessment, except for the newly established Scientific Research Organization of Samoa (SROS). There were also no storage, recovery and disposal facilities for hazardous and chemical management in the country. Awareness and understanding of stakeholders: a number of mechanisms have been developed to promote public awareness generally, but very little was done to create specific understanding among stakeholders of the risks to health and the environment from exposure to hazardous chemicals. Resources available and needed for hazardous and chemical management: insufficient financial and other resources were allocated for the implementation of chemical management program. National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 33 3.2 Legal and institutional framework 3.2.1 Waste Management Act 2010 This act is the most fundamental legal framework on waste management in Samoa. It defines the roles and responsibilities of MNRE and relevant stakeholders by waste category in the general context of waste management. There are 17 MNRE’s mandated functions. MNRE is willing to fulfill those functions as the main responsible ministry for waste management. However, the insufficient capacity of MNRE limits its ability to fulfill its obligations. The current status of MNRE’s performance for each of the functions is summarized in the Table 2-2. Regarding to chemical and hazardous waste, the Act also highlighted the Conventions that Samoa has already a party of. 3.2.2 Waste Management (Importation of Waste for Electricity Generation) Regulations 2015 This regulation developed in 2015 cited as the Waste Management (Importation of Wastes for Electricity and Energy Recovery) through the generation of electricity through a pyrolysis process or combustion of waste, the controlled extraction of material or the retrieval of energy from waste or any operation for energy recovery specified in the Basel Convention and the Waigani Convention in an environmentally sound manner. National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 34 4 Issues and Challenges 4.1 Solid Waste Management Issues and Challenges Issues and challenges on SWM in Samoa are summarized by sub-category of SWM based on the result of the baseline survey as well as consultation in the formulation process. 4.1.1 Generation source Littering issue along the road and river Open dumping and burning waste at back yard of household Illegal dumping in both public and private property Inappropriate discharge practice at collection point Large amount of green waste Lack of cooperation with community and business with regards to waste management Increase in waste amount 4.1.2 Collection Inefficient monitoring system for contractors' operation Insufficient database on boundary, route and collection point for rubbish collection Frequent complaints from households and contractors. 4.1.3 Disposal Fire accidents or improper operation at landfill Inefficient monitoring system for contractors' operation 4.1.4 SWM Finance Increase of operational cost Shortage of operational budget Lack of resource (staff/equipment) 4.1.5 Capacity for SWM Limited institutional and human capacity Lack of effective feedback system as output from technical training Lack of regulation on recycling Insufficient enforcement of existing act Insufficient awareness and promotion of waste issues and solutions 4.1.6 Survey and Analysis on SWM Limited availability for SWM basic data Lack of vision for future SWM system National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 35 4.2 Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Issues and Challenges The important and urgent issues identified in the development of this strategy shown in the table below, where major weakness were identified to be the top priorities of hazardous and chemical management in Samoa, which would have to be addressed for better sound management of hazardous and chemical management in Samoa. Table 2-10 Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Issues and Challenges Priorities for Hazardous and Chemical Management Issues and Challenges Objectives Strengthen of national governance of chemicals Lack of integrated policy on chemical management Governance of Chemicals Lack of inter-agency coordination Limited stakeholder participation in chemical management Increased awareness of chemical hazards Limited stakeholder awareness and understanding of chemical hazards Knowledge and Information Enhanced and Improved Chemical Legislation Inconsistent and fragmented legislations Effective implementation of chemical related regional and international conventions Ineffective implementation of international conventions Sustainable management of chemicals during their lifecycle Inconsistent approach to classification of chemical Ineffective management of chemicals, including waste, during their life cycle Greater availability of information and data Lack of data on existing chemicals and waste Inadequate data on impacts of chemical on health and environment Insufficient data and information on hazardous and chemical management in terms of collection, transport, storage, analysis, dissemination and disposal Risk reduction Improved response to chemical accidents Lack of national systems to deal with chemical accidents Insufficient capacity for prevention, preparedness and response Adequate local resources for chemical management Lack of qualified staff engaged in chemical management activities Capacity building and technical cooperation Lack of specialized technical skills for chemical management Shortage of financial resources for chemical management. National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 36 Part 3 Strategy 1 Purpose This Strategy will be the first waste-related Strategy endorsed in Samoa. This will serve as a guide in proper management of wastes to achieve the vision of “clean and healthy” Samoa by 2023. While there were a lot of initiatives implemented and challenges being addressed in the recent years, the roadmap has to be re directed to allow for changes and emerging issues currently faced by the waste sector. 2 Formulation Process The NWMS has been developed through the following consultation process with relevant ministries, private sectors and community. Figure 3-1 Formulation Process of the strategy Stakeholder Meeting (Private sector, Community) Develop 2nd Draft of the NWMS Technical Working Group 2nd Steering Committee Meeting for NWMS Cabinet Discussing on the Issues & Problems on waste Drafted by JET and staffs in DEC reflecting the result of discussions Technical Input Discussing on the Action Plan of the NWMS Approval Discussing on the final draft of the NWMS Submission Submit the final draft of the NWMS to the cabinet Develop the 1st Draft Framework Internal Discussion on the 1st Draft Framework Develop 1st Draft of the NWMS Internal Discussion on the 1st Draft of the NWMS 1st Steering Committee Meeting for NWMS Drafted by JET and staffs in DEC Discussing on the 1st draft framework Drafted by JET and staffs in DEC based on the internal discussion Discussing on the 1st draft of the NWMS and further schedule in DEC Discussing on the Problems & Issues on waste February March - July July August - Dec National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 37 3 Priority areas Based on the current situation, followings were extracted as priority areas. A Enhance environmental awareness of the public on waste related issues and the countermeasures Due to lack of awareness of public on waste and its negative impact on environment if treated inappropriately, there are lots of issues at waste generation source. This area targets general people, community and school children as well as businesses and government agencies to raise their understanding on waste related issues and promote activities which can be conducted by them for attracting better cooperation and participation for waste management. B Strengthen operational planning on SWM There are needs of developing operational plan in order to secure sustainable waste management through proper provision of waste collection services and landfill operations. This area includes the conduction of activities to develop practical operational plan on waste management. C Implement regular survey for Basic SWM data collection Lack of basic data makes it difficult to identify and clarify current status of waste management hence; reliable data is the key information for decision making. This area includes activities to enhance availability of basic data related to waste management through the implementation of surveys. D Study Feasibility of future SWM options There are different options to improve waste management. Therefore, it is important to assess and identify feasibility of potential SWM options. This area includes activities to conduct feasibility studies of some potential future SWM options. E Establish efficient monitoring system on SWM operation Due to the nature of Samoan waste management system which adopts contract out of waste collection and landfill operation, securing proper monitoring for contractors is very important. This area includes activities to establish efficient monitoring system. F Strengthen legal framework and enforcement There are needs of developing new regulations as well as enforcing existing acts and regulations considering global context of waste management. This area includes activities to strengthen legal framework and enforcement for Samoa. G Improve capacity of officials related to SWM There are opportunities of enhancement of the capacity of officials involved in waste management. Therefore, it is important to make use of opportunities through trainings and sharing and transferring of knowledge and skills to the others effectively. This area includes activities to improve capacity of officials related to waste management. National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 38 H Improve Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management There is a need to improve Chemical and Hazardous Waste management based on the gaps identified. This area targets all activities with regards to Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management. 4 Risks The following risks should be assessed by the Steering Committee during the implementation of this Strategy: Withdrawal of support of donors on selected activities Change in governance reducing financial commitment to waste services Failure to gain expected community and stakeholders’ commitment Natural calamities damaging waste infrastructure and interrupting delivery of waste services 5 Assumptions Economic growth will be maintained regardless of changes to global economy. The current political system remains stable and will continue to provide commitment to the waste sector in adherence to the sustainable development goals. The implementing agencies will remain compliant to its mandate of improving waste management in the country; the Waste Management Sections of MNRE will continue to be a dedicated office for waste management. Measurement of waste data will be a priority for more informed decisions and translated to management actions. The principle of waste hierarchy will be the prevailing guide for resolving waste issues geared more towards 3R + Return with global market prices favouring recycling. Traditional and cultural values are highly regarded in providing sustainable solutions, e.g. composting to assist in food security. Positive results of waste management initiatives will not be negated by natural disasters. There will still be assistance from development partners during the course of the Strategy. 6 Action Plan The specific activities to support the implementation of the strategy have been determined and presented in the action plan. The action plan will define the priorities in the next five years which should be translated into the annual work programme of the MNRE’s Waste Management Sections as well as other relevant government and NGOs such as SRWMA as well as institutions and businesses. N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 39 Pr io rit y ar ea A : E nh an ce e nv iro nm en ta l A w ar en es s of th e pu bl ic 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 C am pa ig n is p la nn ed X X X X X X C am pa ig n is im pl em en te d X X X X X X Ta rg et a re a is id en tif ie d X A w ar en es s is p la nn ed X A w ar en es s is im pl em en te d X A pp ro pr ia te 3 R m ea su re is id en tif ie d. X X X X X X Ta rg et a re a is id en tif ie d. X X X X X C on du ct in p ilo t 3 R a ct iv iti es in go ve rn m en t s ec to r X x X X X X M et ho do lo gy o f p ro m ot io n is id en tif ie d. X X X X X X 3R p ro m ot io n is im pl em en te d (P ro m ot e 3R in iti at iv e in m in is tr y le ve l) . X X X X X X Te ge t s ch oo l i s id en tif ie d X X X C on te nt s of p ro gr am is p la nn ed X X X Pr og ra m is im pl em en te d X X X C os t i te m M ed ia A w ar en es s m at er ia l (b ill bo ar d, p os te r) Fi el d A ss is ta nt (C an be e nv ir on m en ta l R an ge rs ) W or ks ho p (V en ue , Lu nc h) M ed ia A w ar en es s m at er ia l C ag es fo r r ec yc lin g m at er ia l 4, 5, 6, 11 1, 2, 3, 8 Im pl em en t “ N o lit te r c am pa ig n” a t M ai n B us T er m in al in th e U po lu a nd S av ai i I sl an d Im pl em en t a w ar en es s fo r t he c om m un ity n ew ly in cl ud ed in th e co lle ct io n ar ea a nd a ss is ta nc e fo r i ns ta llm en t o f p ro pe r di sc ha rg e po in t Pr om ot e 3R (R ed uc e ca m pa ig n / O n si te c om po st /O ff s ite co m po st / A lu m in um c an c ol le ct io n) 2 3 M at ai , C on tr ac or ,M W C SD , M E SC R ed uc e C am pa ig n (M in is tr y, B us in es se s) O n si te fo r c om m un ity (M W C SD , M at ai , M A F, W IB D I e tc .) O ff s ite c om po st (P ri va te s ec to r, La rg e sc al e fa rm er , h ot el s M A F) A lu m in um c an co lle ct io n (C om m un ity , SR W M A , w as te p ic ke r) 20 ,0 00 (2 .1 .3 .1 , N E SP ) 1, 12 0, 00 0 (2 .1 .3 .3 /2 .1 .3 .4 /2 .1 .3 .6 /2 .1 .3 .7 /2 .1 .3 .1 0, N E SP ) 1 6 A ct io ns Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e ST A , L TA , M E SC , M ed ia , N U S C os t E st im at e (W ST ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. 4 Im pl em en t c le an s ch oo l p ro gr am in re ga rd s to p ro pe r w as te tr ea tm en t a nd 3 R fo r p ri m ar y le ve l N U S, U SP , M E SC , Pr iv at e Se ct or 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 13 M at er ia l t o im pl em en t p ro gr am TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. (2 .1 .3 .5 , 2 .1 .3 .1 1, N E SP ) Pr io ri ty a re a A : E nh an ce e nv ir on m en ta l A w ar en es s of th e pu bl ic o n w as te r el at ed is su es a nd th e co un te rm ea su re s N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 40 Pr io rit y A re a B : S tre ng th en o pe ra tio na l p la nn in g on S W M 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 Th e fr am ew or k of th e op er at io n pl an of T af ai ga ta L an df ill is d ev el op ed . X X Th e op er at io n pl an o f T af ai ga ta La nd fi ll is d ev el op ed . X X Th e fr am ew or k of th e op er at io n pl an of V ai aa ta L an df ill is d ev el op ed . X X Th e op er at io n pl an o f V ai aa ta La nd fi ll is d ev el op ed . X X Ta rg et z on e is s el ec te d. X X Is su es in th e cu rr en t z on in g is an al yz ed . X X A ct ua l s itu at io n of c ol le ct io n zo ne is su rv ey ed . X X N ew z on in g is p la nn ed . X X Zo ni ng fo r s el ec te d co lle ct io n zo ne is re vi se d. X X C os t E st im at e (W ST ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. (2 .1 .2 .3 , N E SP ) A ct io ns Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e 1 2 C on tr ac to r, M O H , N H S, M W TI , S LC , S R O S C on tr ac to r, LT A , S LC D ev el op la nd fi ll op er at io n pl an fo r T af ai ga ta L an df ill a nd V ai aa ta L an df ill R ev is e zo ne p la n fo r r ub bi sh c ol le ct io n fo r t he c on tr ac t fr om 2 02 0. 8, 10 4, 5, 11 C os t i te m Pr in tin g Fu el , S ur ve y W or ks ho p N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 41 Pr io rit y A re a C : I m pl em en t r eg ul ar s ur ve y fo r B as ic S W M d at a co lle ct io n 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 W as te a ud it is p la nn ed X X W as te a ud it is im pl em en te d X X Th e su rv ey is p la nn ed X Th e su rv ey is im pl em en te d X Th e su rv ey is p la nn ed (S ur ve y ite m , Sc he du le , e tc ) X Th e su rv ey is im pl em en te d X X X X X X R es ul t o f t he s ur ve y is S um m ar iz ed X X X X X X Th e re co rd in g sy st em is p la nn ed . X X X X X X Th e re co rd in g is im pl em en te d. X X X X X X C os t E st im at e (W ST ) 40 ,0 00 (2 .1 .1 .6 , N E SP ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. (2 .1 .2 .5 , N E SP ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. 1 SR O S, M W C SD , N U S, U SP , E nv ir on m en ta l A ss oc ia tio n A ct io ns Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e 2 3 C on tr ac to r, LT A , S LC 8, 10 4 4, 6, 8 N /A Im pl em en t w as te a ud it (i n ru ra l a re a in U po lu , S av ai i) Im pl em en t t im e an d m ot io n su rv ey a nd p la tf or m s ur ve y Im pl em en t l an df ill s ur ve y (C ap ac ity , d ai ly re po rt , w at er qu al ity te st fo r b ot h in T af ai ga ta , S av ai i) Im pl em en t c on tin uo us w ei gh br id ge re co rd in g (T af ai ga ta / Sa va ii) SR O S, N U S, U SP , S B S, M O F, M W TI , M O F, C on tr ac to r, M FR 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 5, 8, 11 C os t i te m V eh ic le Fu el Fi el d A ss is ta nt E qu ip m en t ( B ac ke t, Tr as hb ag , T ap er en , G lo ve , M as k, M ea su re , H an g w ei gh t, B ro om , F or k, B ra sh ) V eh ic le Fu el Fi el d A ss is ta nt G PS E qu im pm en t ( D ro ne , Sa m pl e bo ttl e, te st ki t, te st fe e) W ei gh br id ge , M on ito ri ng fo rm N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 42 Pr io ri ty A re a D : S tu dy F ea si bi lit y of fu tu re S W M o pt io ns 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 Se le ct th e fi na nc ia l o pt io n to b e st ud ie d. X X X Fe as ib ili ty s tu dy o n po te nt ia l fi na nc ia l o pt io n is im pl em en te d. X X X Su rv ey it em is d is cu ss ed . X X X C ol le ct n ec es sa ry d at a. X X X A na ly ze c ol le ct ed d at a. X X X Su m m ar iz e th e re su lt of th e st ud y X X X R em ai ni ng c ap ac ity o f t he la nd fi ll is as se ss ed , X X C os t r eq ui re d fo r e xp an si on a nd re lo ca tio n is e st im at ed . X X R es ul t o f t he s tu dy is s um m ar iz ed . X X Pr io rit y A re a E: E st ab lis h ef fic ie nt m on ito rin g sy st em o n SW M o pe ra tio n 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 Pr op er m on ito ri ng s ys te m is de si gn ed X X M on ito ri ng s ys te m is in tr od uc ed X X Pr op er m on ito ri ng s ys te m is de si gn ed X X M on ito ri ng s ys te m is in tr od uc ed X X 1 7 A ct io ns Pr oc es s R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e C os t E st im at e (W ST ) 60 ,0 00 (2 .1 .3 .9 , N E SP ) 2 3 7 6, 9 1, 33 9, 79 8 (2 .1 .1 .2 , N E SP ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. (2 .1 .4 .1 , 2 .1 .4 .2 , N E SP ) 1 2 Im pl em en t f ea si bi lit y st ud y on U ps ca lin g So lid W as te M an ag em en t S ec tio n Im pl em en t f ea si bi lit y st ud y on e xp an si on o f T af ai ga ta La nd fi ll w ith P ub lic P ri va te P ar tn er sh ip o r r el oc at io n of th e La nd fi ll E st ab lis h ru bb is h co lle ct io n m on ito ri ng s ys te m E st ab lis h la nd fi ll op er at io n m on ito ri ng s ys te m Im pl em en t f ea si bi lit y st ud y on fi na nc ia l o pt io n (U se r P ay Sy st em / C D L ) Po te nt ia l P ar tn er M O F, M FR , P SC , E PC , SW A , M PE M O F, M FR , P SC , E PC , SW A , M PE M O F, M FR , L TA , S LA , M W C SD , M O H , S R O S, PU M A M W C SD , S B S M PE , M W TI 4, 5, 11 10 A ct io ns Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e C os t E st im at e (W ST ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. (2 .1 .2 .1 , N E SP ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. (2 .1 .2 .3 , N E SP ) C os t i te m C os t i te m TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. V eh ic le Fu el Si gn b oa rd N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 43 Pr io rit y A ct io n F: S tre ng th en le ga l f ra m ew or k an d en fo rc em en t 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 Sc op e of th e re gu la tio n is de te rm in ed . X X R eg ul at io n is d ev el op ed X X R eg ul at io n is a pp ro ve d X X R eg ul at io n is d ev el op ed . X X Li tte ri ng a nd il le ga l d um pi ng a re m on ito re d X X X X X X E nf or ce re gu la tio n fo r l ite ri ng a nd ill eg al d um pi ng c as es . X X X X X X M et ho do lo gy is p la nn ed . X C on tr ac to r's a lig nm en t o n co de o f pr ac tic e is m on ito re d X X X X X C od e of p ra ct ic e is s tr ic tly c on tr ol ed ba se d on W M A 2 01 0 X X X X X M et ho do lo gy is p la nn ed . X Fe e co lle ct io n is m on ito re d ba se d on th e w ei gh br id ge re co rd X X X X X X W as te d is po sa l f ee c ol le ct io n is st ir ct ly c on tr ol le d. X X X X X X M et ho do lo gy is p la nn ed . X Pl as tic it em is m on ito re d. X X X X X X Im po rt o f p la st ic is s tir ct ly co nt ro lle d. X X X X X X 6 R ev is e W as te M an ag em en t P ol ic y R ev ie w th e W as te M an ag em en t Po lic y 20 01 . A G , M W C SD , M O F, M C IL 9 X X X V en ue 10 ,0 00 (2 .1 .1 .1 , N E SP ) 8, 00 0 (2 .1 .3 .2 , N E SP ) 5 E nf or ce re gu la tio n on p la st ic b an M JC A , M O F, M FR , A G 12 A w ar en es s V eh ic le C am er a 2 A ct io ns Pr oc es s R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e 3 41 E nf or ce c od e of p ra ct ic es fo r t he c on tr ac to rs a nd s ta ff s E nf or ce w as te d is po sa l f ee b y w ei gh t a t t he T af ai ga ta La nd fi ll Fo rm ul at e re gu la tio n fo r r ec yc la bl e D ev el op re gu la tio n fo r e nf or ce m en t o f l itt er in g an d ill ig al du m pi ng M JC A , M C IL , P SC , A G , M O F, M PE , L TA , SR W M A M JC A , M O F, M FR , A G Po te nt ia l P ar tn er M JC A , M FA T, A G , SR W M A M JC A , A G , M O P 8, 9 6, 9 9 7, 9 V en ue R ef re sh m en t V eh ic le C am er a sa fe ty g ea r Si gn b oa rd G at e C os t E st im at e 60 ,0 00 (2 .1 .1 .3 , N E SP ) 60 ,0 00 (2 .1 .1 .4 , 2 .1 .2 .4 , N E SP ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. C os t i te m N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 44 Pr io rit y A re a G : I m pr ov e ca pa ci ty o f o ff ic ia ls re la te d to S W M 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 O rg an iz e th e av ai la bl e tr ai ni ng op po rt un ity X X X X X X D is pa tc h ap pr op ri at e of fi ci al s re le va nt to th e co nt en ts o f t he tr ai ni ng X X X X X X O bl ig at e tr ai ne es to p re se nt th e su m m ar y of th e tr ai ni ng X X X X X X A rc hi ve th e re po rt s an d m at er ia ls ob ta in ed fr om tr ai ni ng s X X X X X X C os t E st im at e (W ST ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. 1 D ev el op th e te ch ni ca l c ap ac ity o f t he re le va nt o ff ic ia ls ef fi ci en tly . PS C , M O H 9 A ct io ns Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e N /A C os t i te m N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 45 Pr io ri ty A re a H : I m pr ov e C he m ic al a nd H az ar do us W as te M an ag em en t 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 E st ab lis hi ng a T as k Te am X D ev el op T er m s of R ef er en ce X C ol le ct in g ne ce ss ar y da ta X X D ev el op a nd e nd or se th e in te gr at ed po lic y th ro ug h th e go ve rn m en t pr oc es s X X Pr ep ar e a co nc ep t p ap er fo r i nt er ag en cy c oo rd in at io n X E st ab lis hi ng a C he m ic al & H az ar do us C oo rd in at io n C om m itt ee w ith it s ow n TO R X D ev el op fr am ew or k fo r p ro m ot in g in te r ag en cy c oo rd in at io n on ch em ic al a nd h az ar do us m an ag em en t sy st em X Im pl em en t t he c oo rd in at io n pr oc es s en co ur ag e an d im pr ov e pa rt ne rs hi ps an d co or di na tio n an d en su ri ng ne ce ss ar y pr oc ed ur es a re p ut in to pl ac e X X X X X Id en tif y an d co nf ir m re le va nt st ak eh ol de rs a nd th ei r r ol es in ch em ic al & h az ar do us w as te s m an ag em en t X D ev el op a fr am ew or k to p ro m ot e th e ac tiv e in vo lv em en t o f a ll st ak eh ol de rs X X K ee p re co rd s of s ta ke ho ld er s pa rt ic ip at io n X X X X X X C os t E st im at e (W ST ) 30 ,0 00 (2 .2 .3 .1 ) M W C SD , M O F, M fR , M O H , S TA , M E SC , SC C , S R O S, M PE , M A F, M C IL , M FA T, M JC A , N H S, M W TI , A G , P SC , N U S, E PC , SB S, S LC , L TA , U SP , SU N G O , S PR E P, M O P, SA A , S PA , S SC , SF E SA , R A S Po te nt ia l P ar tn er R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Pr io ri ty A ct io ns Pr oc es s 1 St re ng th en in g of N at io na l G ov er na nc e of C he m ic al s C os t i te m 1, 3 re so ur ce m at er ia ls , m ee tin g ve nu e, re co rd k ee pi ng m at er ia ls , re fr es hm en ts Ti m el in e N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 46 Pr io rit y A re a H : I m pr ov e C he m ic al a nd H az ar do us W as te M an ag em en t 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 Id en tif y w ha t t yp es o f h az ar ds ex po se d to h ea lth a nd e nv ir on m en t du ri ng c he m ic al a nd m an ag em en t pr oc es s X X D ev el op a nd im pr ov e aw ar en es s ra is in g m at er ia ls b as ed o n th e id en tif ie d ha za rd s fa ce d X X X X X X U nd er ta ke a w ar en es s ra is in g ac tiv iti es fo r co ns um er s/ st ak eh ol de rs , i n pa rt ic ul ar b y ed uc at in g th em o n be st pr ac tic es fo r c he m ic al u se , r is ks th at ch em ic al s m ay p os e to th ei r h ea lth an d th e en vi ro nm en t. X X X X X X E st ab lis h tim el y ar ra ng em en ts fo r t he ex ch an ge o f i nf or m at io n to m in im iz e ba rr ie rs in in fo rm at io n ex ch an ge (l oc al la ng ua ge a nd s im pl e te rm s us ed ) X X X X X X Pr ep ar e Te rm s of R ef er en ce X Id en tif yi ng T ec hn ic al C on su lta nt s X H ol is tic re vi ew o f L eg is la tio n sy st em fo r C he m ic al a nd H az ar do us w ith th e ai m o f h ar m on iz in g th e le gi sl at io n X X Pr ep ar e im pr ov ed /r ev is ed le gi sl at io n fo r c he m ic al m an ag em en t X X C os t E st im at e (W ST ) 13 0, 00 0 (2 .2 .3 .1 , 2 .2 .3 .2 , 2. 2. 3. 3 N E SP ) 14 0, 00 0 (2 .2 .1 .1 , 2 .2 .1 .6 , 2. 2. 1. 7 N E SP ) M A F, M fR , M O H , N H S, M C IT , M E SC M A F, M fR , N H S, A G , M O F, M W C SD , Pr io ri ty A ct io ns Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er 2 In cr ea se d aw ar en es s of c he m ic al h az ar ds 3 E nh an ce d an d Im pr ov ed C he m ic al L eg is la tio n 1, 2 , 3 , 4 3 pr om ot io na l m at er ia ls po st er s, pa m ph le ts , bi llb oa rd s, s ig na ge s, ad ve rt is m en ts ad ve rt is em en ts , ev al ua tio n m ee tin gs , w or ks ho ps , co m m un ity co ns ul ta tio ns , re fr es hm en ts R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e C os t i te m N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 47 Pr io ri ty A re a H : I m pr ov e C he m ic al a nd H az ar do us W as te M an ag em en t 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 D ev el op n at io na l c he m ic al gu id el in es a nd a lig n w ith in te rn at io na l r eq ui re m en ts , es pe ci al ly th e ob lig at io ns u nd er e ac h of th e co nv en tio ns . X X Pr om ot e ra tif ic at io n an d im pl em en ta tio n of a ll re le va nt in te rn at io na l i ns tr um en ts o n ch em ic al s an d ha za rd ou s w as te s X X X X X X E ns ur e in te rn at io na l p ro ce du re s ar e fo llo w ed a s pe r p ar ty 's ob lig at io ns X X X X X X C ol le ct a nd m an ag e da ta a nd re co rd s fo r r ep or tin g pu rp os es X X X X X X Pr ep ar e re po rt s fo r c on ve nt io ns an nu al ly X X X E st ab lis h te ch ni ca l w or ki ng g ro up to w or k on c la ss if ic at io n of c he m ic al s in S am oa X A lig n al l c la ss if ic at io ns w ith th e in te rn at io na l c la ss if ic at io n sy st em , es pe ci al ly th e G lo ba l H ar m on iz ed Sy st em (G H S) X X D ev el op a p ro gr am o n to in tr od uc e th e G H S in to th e cl as si fi ca tio n sy st em fo r c he m ic al s na tio na lly X X Im pl em en ta tio n of th e pr og ra m w ith re le va nt k ey s ta ke ho ld er s X X X X X C on du ct re vi ew a ft er e ve ry fi ve (5 ) ye ar s X A pp ly li fe c yc le m an ag em en t ap pr oa ch es to e ns ur e th at c he m ic al s m an ae m en t d ec is io ns a re c on si st en t w ith th e go al s of s us ta in ab le de ve lo pm en t X X X X X A pp ly B as el a nd W ai ga ni C on ve nt io ns re gi m es in th e m an ag em en t o f c he m ic al w as te s in Sa m oa X X X X X X 12 0, 00 0 (2 .2 .1 .2 , 2 .2 .1 .4 , 2. 2. 1. 5, N E SP ) 68 ,0 00 (2 .2 .2 .2 , 2 .2 .2 .5 , 2. 2. 2. 7, N E SP ) C os t E st im at e (W ST ) M A F, M fR , M FA T, SP R E P, M A F, M fR , M O H , N H S, M E SC , S R O S, U SP , N U S, M FA T, SP R E P, S FE SA , M O P, LT A Pr io ri ty A ct io ns Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er 4 E ff ec tiv e Im pl em en ta tio n of C he m ic al R el at ed R eg io na l an d In te rn at io na l C on ve nt io ns 5 Su st ai na bl e M an ag em en t o f C he m ic al s du ri ng th ei r Li fe cy cl e 1, 2 , 3 1, 2 , 3 , 4 w or ks ho ps a nd m ee tin g ve nu es , aw ar en es s an d pr om ot io na l m at er ia ls m ee tin g ve nu es a nd m at er ia ls , P PE s, re sr ou ce to ol s, R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e C os t i te m N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 48 Pr io rit y A ct io n H : I m pr ov e C he m ic al a nd H az ar do us W as te M an ag em en t 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 C on du ct b as el in e su rv ey X D ev el op d at ab as e an d in ve nt or ie s fo r C he m ic al a nd H az ar do us X X R eg ul ar ly u pd at e an d re vi se th es e da ta ba se a nd in ve nt or ie s X X X X D ev el op n at io na l p ro fi le s an d im pl em en t a ct io n pl an s fo r s ou nd m an ag em en t o f c he m ic al s X X Th ro ug h th e in te r ag en cy c om m itt ee , co lla bo ra te w ith M O H to ta ke le ad on th is w or k, e sp ec ia lly fo r t he he al th a nd e nv ir on m en t w or k X X X X X Pr ep ar e na tio na l r ep or t o n a re gu la r ba si s, e ve ry tw o (2 ) y ea rs X X X E st ab lis h ro le s an d re sp on si bi lit ie s fo r d if fe re nt s ec to rs re la te d to th e tr ad e an d us e of c he m ic al s X X D ev el op a p ro gr am o n in ve nt or y an d da ta ba se o f c he m ic al s an d ha za rd ou s w as te s in S am oa X R eg ul ar ly u pd at e an d re vi se th es e da ta ba se a nd in ve nt or ie s X X X X X C os t E st im at e (W ST ) 67 ,0 00 (2 .2 .1 .3 , 2 .2 .2 .3 , 2. 2. 2. 11 , N E SP ) SB S, M O F, M fR , M A F, M O H , N H S, M E SC , M C IT Pr io ri ty A ct io ns 6 G re at er a va ila bi lit y of In fo rm at io n an d da ta tr an sp or ta tio n, p et ro l, re so ur ce m at er ia ls 1, 3 , 4 Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e C os t i te m N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 49 Pr io rit y A ct io n H : I m pr ov e C he m ic al a nd H az ar do us W as te M an ag em en t 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 Pr ep ar e an d pr ov id e sa fe ty d at a sh ee ts fo r e ff ec tiv e m on ito ri ng a nd sa fe ty o f w or ke rs X D ev el op a p ro ce du re fo r r es po nd in g to c he m ic al a cc id en ts w ith th e in vo lv em en t o f t he e m er ge nc y se rv ic es s uc h as fi re , h ea lth , p ol ic e, et c X C on du ct tr ai ni ng o n ho w to u se th e pr oc ed ur e w ith th e ge ne ra l p ub lic an d re le va nt s ta ke ho ld er s X X X E st ab lis h da ta ba se o f r ec or d ke ep in g pr oc es s X X Id en tif y ga ps th at c ur re nt ly e xi st a t th e na tio na l l ev el X D ev el op m en t c ap ac ity b ui ld in g tr ai ni ng p ro gr am b as ed o n th e ga ps an ay ls is X Im pl em en t a nd im pr ov e tr ai ni ng s fo r pr ev en tio n, p re pa re dn es s an d re sp on se fo r a ll w or ke rs in vo lv ed in ch em ic al s us e X X X X C os t E st im at e (W ST ) 30 ,0 00 (2 .2 .2 .9 , N E SP ) Im pr ov ed re sp on se to c he m ic al a cc id en ts SF E SA , M O P, M O H , M C IL , PP E s, tr ai ni ng eq ui pm en ts , p ri nt in g m at er ia ls , t ec hn ic al to ol s 2, 4 Pr io ri ty A ct io ns Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e C os t i te m N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 50 Pr io ri ty A ct io n H : I m pr ov e C he m ic al a nd H az ar do us W as te M an ag em en t 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 Id en tif y ga ps th at c ur re nt ly e xi st a t th e na tio na l l ev el X E st ab lis h pr og ra m s fo r s ci en tif ic a nd te ch ni ca l t ra in in g of p er so nn el , in cl ud in g cu st om s pe rs on ne l X X Pr om ot e ne ce ss ar y tr ai ni ng n ee ds an d ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g fo r a ll pe op le in vo lv ed d ir ec tly a nd in di re ct ly w ith ch em ic al u se a nd d is po sa l X X X X X Im pl em en t t he c ap ac ity b ui ld in g tr ai ni ng w ith s pe ci fi c ag en ci es a nd st ak eh ol de rs X X X X X X E va lu at e th e ca pa ci ty o n a re gu la r ba si s X X X X X X U nd er ta ke g ap s an d ne ed s an al ys is fo r t he s pe ci al iz ed te ch ni ca l s ki lls in th e co un tr y an d pr ep ar e re po rt X D ev el op a p ro gr am to im pr ov e th e sp ec ia liz ed te ch ni ca l s ki lls n at io na lly X X Im pl em en t t he p ro gr am to e st ab lis h na tio na l l ab or at or y fa ci lit ie s, co m pl et e w ith m od er n te ch no lo gi es an d eq ui pm en ts fo r t es tin g em is si on s an d se tti ng n at io na l s ta nd ar ds X X X X D ev el op re so ur ce s fo r n at io na l im pl em en ta tio n pl an s an d pr oj ec ts X X X X X X E xp lo re fu nd in g m ec ha ni sm s an d pr oc ur e re so ur ce s to s up po rt ch em ic al m an ag em en t i nt iti at iv es X X X X X X M ak e av ai la bl e su ff ic ie nt fi na nc ia l an d te ch ni ca l r es ou rc es to s up po rt na tio na l a nd re gi on al c ap ac ity bu ild in g pr oj ec ts X X X X X X C os t E st im at e (W ST ) TB C in th e im pl em en ta tio n ph as e. M O F, M A F, M O H , N H S, R A S, S PR E P, SR O S, N U S, U SP A de qu at e lo ca l r es ou rc es fo r c he m ic al m an ag em en t Pr io ri ty A ct io ns Pr oc es s Po te nt ia l P ar tn er pr in tin g m at er ia ls , m ee tin g ve nu es , re so ur ce m at er ia ls 2, 3 , 4 R el ev an ce to in di ca to rs Ti m el in e C os t i te m National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 51 7 Monitoring and Evaluation 7.1 Measuring Progress The likelihood of success in implementing the NWMS will depend on an established mechanism to regularly monitor and periodically evaluate progress of the planned activities. The monitoring and evaluation mechanism will take into account feedback on findings through a Waste Monitoring System and lessons learned to enhance performance and results. The baseline data presented in the strategy context is very critical as reference points to establish targets for the achievement of the set goals for the duration of the plan. The monitoring framework will be developed in consultation with the constituted multi-sectoral Steering Committee using the guidance to be provided at the regional level (Regional Waste Monitoring System). 7.2 Periodic Review of the Action Plan The following framework outlines the proposed review process of the implementation of the Strategy and Action Plan. Figure 3-2 Process for reviewing the implementation of the Strategy 7.3 NWMS Steering Committee 7.3.1 Member of Steering Committee CEO, ACEO and principal officers or equivalent officers of following ministries and government agency were identified as member of Steering Committee. Chairman is CEO of MNRE. The Committee performed its functions and responsibilities agreed through an approved Terms of Reference National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 52 Table 3-1 Member of Steering Committee 1 MNRE Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment 2 MWCSD Ministry of Women Community & Social Development 3 MOF Ministry of Finance 4 MfR Ministry for Revenue 5 MOH Ministry of Health 6 STA Samoa Tourism Authority 7 MESC Ministry of Education Sports & Culture 8 SCC Samoa Chamber of Commerce 9 SROS Scientific Research Organization of Samoa 10 MPE Ministry of Public Enterprises 11 MAF Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries 12 MCIL Ministry of Commerce Industry & Labour 13 MFAT Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade 14 MJCA Ministry of Justice & Courts Administration 15 NHS National Health Services 16 MWTI Ministry of Works & Transport & Infrastructure 17 MPMC Ministry of the Prime Minster & Cabinet 18 AG Attorney General 19 PSC Public Service Commission 20 NUS National University of Samoa 21 EPC Electric Power Corporation 22 SBS Samoa Bureau of Statistics 23 SLC Samoa Land Corporation 24 LTA Land Transport Authority 25 USP University of South Pacific / Alafua 26 SUNGO Samoa Umbrella of Non-Governmental Organization 27 SPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme 28 MOP Ministry of Police 29 SAA Samoa Airport Authority 30 SPA Samoa Port Authority 31 SSC Samoa Shipping Corporation 32 SFESA Samoa Fire Emergency Services Authority 33 SWA Samoa Water Authority 34 SRWMA Samoa Recycling & Waste Management Association 7.4 NWMS Sub Steering Committee The NWMS Sub Steering Committee might be formulated under the NWMS Steering Committee depends on its necessity for monitoring of the implementation of the NWMS. A separate TOR will be developed to indicate the specific operational functions of the Committee. National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 53 7.5 Financial Considerations The implementation of the strategy requires substantial financial and technical resources. Funding can be sourced through national budget allocation and development partners’ assistance. The following recommended strategies can be explored: Establishing user-pay and polluter-pay systems to cover costs for waste service delivery, Mainstreaming waste management with other priority development areas such as climate change, economic development (agriculture and tourism), and biodiversity conservation, among others, allowing for cross-sectoral issues to be addressed and multi-sectoral engagement enhanced, Continuously raising the profile of waste management among politicians, decision-makers, communities and development partners to invite more funding to the sector; and Ensuring that project outcomes and outputs are significantly achieved to encourage more investment into the waste sector from both the government and development partners. N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 54 P ar t 4 A nn ex 1 Fu tu re fo re ca st o f i nd ic at or s B el ow ta bl e sh ow s fu tu re fo re ca st o f i nd ic at or s w ith ou t a ny s tr at eg ic a ct io n un til 2 02 3. Ta bl e 4 1 Fu tu re fo re ca st o f i nd ic at or s w ith ou t a ny s tra te gi c ac tio n 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 pe rs on 18 7, 82 0 18 9, 42 5 19 1, 02 9 19 2, 63 4 19 4, 23 8 19 5, 84 3 19 7, 44 8 19 9, 05 2 20 0, 65 7 20 2, 26 1 20 3, 86 6 20 5, 47 1 20 7, 07 5 Po pu la tio n in U po lu pe rs on 15 2, 34 4 15 3, 59 2 15 4, 84 0 15 6, 08 9 15 7, 33 7 15 8, 58 5 15 9, 83 3 16 1, 08 1 pe rs on 43 ,4 99 43 ,8 55 44 ,2 12 44 ,5 68 44 ,9 25 45 ,2 81 45 ,6 37 45 ,9 94 g/ pe rs on /d ay 26 .5 4 26 .6 2 26 .7 0 26 .7 8 26 .8 6 26 .9 4 27 .0 2 g/ pe rs on /d ay 13 8. 15 13 8. 56 13 8. 97 13 9. 39 13 9. 80 14 0. 21 14 0. 62 g/ pe rs on /d ay 37 .3 0 37 .4 1 37 .5 2 37 .6 3 37 .7 5 37 .8 6 37 .9 7 g/ pe rs on /d ay 10 .9 5 10 .9 8 11 .0 2 11 .0 5 11 .0 8 11 .1 1 11 .1 5 g/ pe rs on /d ay 39 .5 5 39 .6 7 39 .7 9 39 .9 0 40 .0 2 40 .1 4 40 .2 6 g/ pe rs on /d ay 7. 33 7. 35 7. 37 7. 40 7. 42 7. 44 7. 46 g/ pe rs on /d ay 14 .2 3 14 .2 7 14 .3 1 14 .3 6 14 .4 0 14 .4 4 14 .4 8 g/ pe rs on /d ay 46 .2 6 46 .4 0 46 .5 4 46 .6 7 46 .8 1 46 .9 5 47 .0 9 g/ pe rs on /d ay 14 .5 9 14 .6 3 14 .6 8 14 .7 2 14 .7 6 14 .8 1 14 .8 5 g/ pe rs on /d ay 2. 42 2. 43 2. 43 2. 44 2. 45 2. 46 2. 46 g/ pe rs on /d ay 21 .6 5 21 .7 1 21 .7 8 21 .8 4 21 .9 1 21 .9 7 22 .0 4 g/ pe rs on /d ay 3. 69 3. 70 3. 71 3. 72 3. 73 3. 75 3. 76 g/ pe rs on /d ay 4. 87 4. 88 4. 90 4. 91 4. 93 4. 94 4. 96 g/ pe rs on /d ay 11 .3 1 11 .3 4 11 .3 8 11 .4 1 11 .4 5 11 .4 8 11 .5 1 g/ pe rs on /d ay 3. 07 3. 08 3. 09 3. 10 3. 11 3. 12 3. 12 g/ pe rs on /d ay 5. 02 5. 03 5. 05 5. 06 5. 08 5. 09 5. 11 g/ pe rs on /d ay 38 0 38 6. 93 38 8. 09 38 9. 24 39 0. 40 39 1. 55 39 2. 71 39 3. 86 Ite m U ni t Pa st Fu tu re F or ec as t St ee l Po pu la tio n Po pu la tio n in S av ai i H o u s e h o l d W a s t e G re en w as te Fo od s cr ap Pa pe r C ar db oa rd Pl as tic b ag s/ pa pe rs PE T b ot tle s Pl as tic c on ta in er s D ia pe r G la ss C er am ic T ot al A lim in um O th er m et al T ex til e R ub be r O th er s N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 55 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 to n/ da y 59 .4 3 60 .0 9 60 .7 6 61 .4 2 62 .0 9 62 .7 7 63 .4 4 to n/ da y 16 .9 7 17 .1 6 17 .3 5 17 .5 4 17 .7 3 17 .9 2 18 .1 2 to n/ da y 47 .9 1 48 .7 2 49 .5 5 50 .3 9 51 .2 5 52 .1 2 53 .0 1 to n/ da y 13 .6 8 13 .9 1 14 .1 5 14 .3 9 14 .6 3 14 .8 8 15 .1 4 to n/ da y 10 7. 34 10 8. 81 11 0. 31 11 1. 81 11 3. 34 11 4. 89 11 6. 45 to n/ da y 30 .6 5 31 .0 7 31 .5 0 31 .9 3 32 .3 6 32 .8 0 33 .2 5 to n/ da y 13 7. 99 13 9. 88 14 1. 80 14 3. 74 14 5. 71 14 7. 69 14 9. 70 O ff s ite c om po st in U po lu to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A O ff s ite c om po st in S av ai i to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A A lu m in iu m c an s fr om h ou se ho ld s ep ar at ed fo r r ec yc lin g in U po lu to n/ da y 0. 24 0. 24 0. 25 0. 25 0. 25 0. 26 0. 26 A lu m in iu m c an s fr om h ou se ho ld s ep ar at ed fo r r ec yc lin g in S av ai i to n/ da y 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 A lu m in iu m c an s fr om b us in es s se pa ra te d fo r r ec yc lin g in U po lu to n/ da y 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 0. 07 A lu m in iu m c an s fr om b us in es s se pa ra te d fo r r ec yc lin g in S av ai i to n/ da y 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 R ec yc lin g R at io o f A lu m in um c an s fr om h ou se ho ld in U po lu % 44 .0 0 44 .0 0 44 .0 0 44 .0 0 44 .0 0 44 .0 0 44 .0 0 R ec yc lin g R at io o f A lu m in um c an s fr om h ou se ho ld in S av ai i % 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 R ec yc lin g R at io o f A lu m in um c an s fr om b us in es s in U po lu % N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A R ec yc lin g R at io o f A lu m in um c an s fr om b us in es s in S av ai i % 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 H ou se ho ld W as te tr an sp or te d by c on tra ct or a t T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 22 .6 0 22 .9 1 23 .2 2 23 .5 4 23 .8 6 24 .1 9 24 .5 2 B us in es s W as te tr an sp or te d by c on tra ct or a t T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 1. 20 1. 22 1. 23 1. 25 1. 27 1. 28 1. 30 H ou se ho ld W as te d ir ec tly tr an sp or te d at T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 2. 20 2. 23 2. 26 2. 29 2. 32 2. 35 2. 39 B us in es s W as te d ire ct ly tr an sp or te d at T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 19 .0 0 19 .2 6 19 .5 3 19 .7 9 20 .0 6 20 .3 4 20 .6 1 H ou se ho ld W as te tr an sp or te d by c on tra ct or a t V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A B us in es s W as te tr an sp or te d by c on tra ct or a t V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A H ou se ho ld W as te d ir ec tly tr an sp or te d at V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A B us in es s W as te d ire ct ly tr an sp or te d at V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A G en er al w as te fr om h ou se ho ld in U po lu G en er al w as te fr om h ou se ho ld in S av ai i G en er al w as te fr om b us in es s in U po lu G en er al w as te fr om b us in es s in S av ai i G en er al w as te in S am oa Fu tu re F or ec as t Ite m U ni t Pa st G en er al w as te in S av ai i G en er al w as te in U po lu N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 56 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 to n/ da y 45 .0 1 45 .6 3 46 .2 5 46 .8 9 47 .5 3 48 .1 8 48 .8 3 to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A m 3 22 .5 1 22 .8 1 23 .1 3 23 .4 4 23 .7 6 24 .0 9 24 .4 2 m 3 N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A A lu m in um c an c ol le ct ed a t T af ai ga ta L an df ill to n/ da y 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 A lu m in um c an c ol le ct ed a t V ai aa ta L an df ill to n/ da y 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 Fi na l D is po se d w as te a t T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 45 .0 0 45 .6 2 46 .2 4 46 .8 8 47 .5 2 48 .1 6 48 .8 2 Fi na l D is po se d w as te a t V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A Fi na l D is po sa l r at io in U po lu % 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 Fi na l D is po sa l r at io in S av ai i % N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A R em ai ni ng C ap ac ity o f T af ai ga ta L an df ill m 3 N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A R em ai ni ng C ap ac ity o f V ai aa ta L an df ill m 3 N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A % 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 C ol le ct io n co ve ra ge fo r S av ai i b y w as te a m ou nt % N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A Le ng th o f c ol le ct io n ro ut e in U po lu m 80 6, 73 4 80 6, 73 4 80 6, 73 4 Le ng th o f c ol le ct io n ro ut e in S av ai i m 34 5, 54 0 34 5, 54 0 34 5, 54 0 Le ng th o f a ct ua l t ra ck c on fir m ed a t T & M in U po lu m 49 5, 22 4 49 5, 22 4 49 5, 22 4 Le ng th o f a ct ua l t ra ck c on fir m ed a t T & M in S av ai i m 23 5, 42 7 23 5, 42 7 23 5, 42 7 C ol le ct io n co ve ra ge fo r U po lu b y tr ac k % 61 .0 0 61 .0 0 61 .0 0 61 .0 0 C ol le ct io n co ve ra ge fo r S av ai i b y tr ac k % 68 .0 0 68 .0 0 68 .0 0 68 .0 0 U nm an ag ed W as te in U po lu to n/ da y 62 .0 4 62 .8 9 63 .7 5 64 .6 3 65 .5 1 66 .4 0 67 .3 1 U nm an ag ed W as te in S av ai i to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A R at io o f u nm an ag ed w as te in U po lu % 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 R at io o f u nm an ag ed w as te in S av ai i % N /A N /A N /A C os t f or w as te c ol le ct io n se rv ic e in U po lu W ST /y ea r 1, 68 6, 96 6 C os t f or w as te c ol le ct io n se rv ic e in S av ai i W ST /y ea r 67 3, 13 8 C os t f or li tte r m ai nt en an ce W ST /y ea r 43 3, 63 8 C os t f or L aw n m ai nt en an ce W ST /y ea r 25 ,4 50 C os t f or L an df ill M ai nt en an ce in U po lu W ST /y ea r 29 9, 80 5 C os t f or L an df ill M ai nt en an ce in S av ai i W ST /y ea r 14 4, 00 0 R ev en ue fr om w ei gh br id ge W ST /y ea r 10 2, 95 9 N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A R at io o f S W M re ve nu e in c os t % 3 3 R at io o f p la st ic s in d is ch ar ge d w as te fr om h ou se ho ld % 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 W as te in co m in g to T af ai ga ta L an df ill W as te in co m in g to V ai aa ta L an df ill V ol um e of W as te in co m in g to T af ai ga ta L an df ill V ol um e of W as te in co m in g to V ai aa ta L an df ill C ol le ct io n co ve ra ge fo r U po lu b y w as te a m ou nt Ite m U ni t Pa st Fu tu re F or ec as t N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 57 Ta bl e 4 2 Fu tu re fo re ca st o f i nd ic at or s w ith s tra te gi c ac tio ns 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 pe rs on 18 7, 82 0 18 9, 42 5 19 1, 02 9 19 2, 63 4 19 4, 23 8 19 5, 84 3 19 7, 44 8 19 9, 05 2 20 0, 65 7 20 2, 26 1 20 3, 86 6 20 5, 47 1 20 7, 07 5 Po pu la tio n in U po lu pe rs on 15 2, 34 4 15 3, 59 2 15 4, 84 0 15 6, 08 9 15 7, 33 7 15 8, 58 5 15 9, 83 3 16 1, 08 1 pe rs on 43 ,4 99 43 ,8 55 44 ,2 12 44 ,5 68 44 ,9 25 45 ,2 81 45 ,6 37 45 ,9 94 g/ pe rs on /d ay 26 .5 4 26 .6 2 25 .8 2 25 .0 2 24 .2 2 23 .4 2 22 .6 3 g/ pe rs on /d ay 13 8. 15 13 8. 56 13 4. 41 13 0. 25 12 6. 09 12 1. 93 11 7. 78 g/ pe rs on /d ay 37 .3 0 37 .4 1 61 .3 9 68 .7 6 68 .9 6 69 .1 6 69 .3 7 g/ pe rs on /d ay 10 .9 5 10 .9 8 11 .0 2 11 .0 5 11 .0 8 11 .1 1 11 .1 5 g/ pe rs on /d ay 39 .5 5 39 .6 7 15 .9 1 15 .9 6 16 .0 1 16 .0 6 16 .1 0 g/ pe rs on /d ay 7. 33 7. 35 7. 37 7. 40 7. 42 7. 44 7. 46 g/ pe rs on /d ay 14 .2 3 14 .2 7 14 .3 1 7. 18 7. 20 7. 22 7. 24 g/ pe rs on /d ay 46 .2 6 46 .4 0 46 .5 4 46 .6 7 46 .8 1 46 .9 5 47 .0 9 g/ pe rs on /d ay 14 .5 9 14 .6 3 14 .6 8 14 .7 2 14 .7 6 14 .8 1 14 .8 5 g/ pe rs on /d ay 2. 42 2. 43 2. 43 2. 44 2. 45 2. 46 2. 46 g/ pe rs on /d ay 21 .6 5 21 .7 1 21 .7 8 21 .8 4 21 .9 1 21 .9 7 22 .0 4 g/ pe rs on /d ay 3. 69 3. 70 3. 71 3. 72 3. 73 3. 75 3. 76 g/ pe rs on /d ay 4. 87 4. 88 4. 90 4. 91 4. 93 4. 94 4. 96 g/ pe rs on /d ay 11 .3 1 11 .3 4 11 .3 8 11 .4 1 11 .4 5 11 .4 8 11 .5 1 g/ pe rs on /d ay 3. 07 3. 08 3. 09 3. 10 3. 11 3. 12 3. 12 g/ pe rs on /d ay 5. 02 5. 03 5. 05 5. 06 5. 08 5. 09 5. 11 g/ pe rs on /d ay 38 0 38 6. 93 38 8. 09 38 3. 79 37 9. 50 37 5. 21 37 0. 92 36 6. 62 Fu tu re F or ec as t Ite m U ni t Pa st St ee l Po pu la tio n Po pu la tio n in S av ai i H o u s e h o l d W a s t e G re en w as te Fo od s cr ap Pa pe r C ar db oa rd Pl as tic b ag s/ pa pe rs PE T b ot tle s Pl as tic c on ta in er s D ia pe r G la ss C er am ic T ot al A lim in um O th er m et al T ex til e R ub be r O th er s N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 58 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 to n/ da y 59 .4 3 60 .0 9 59 .9 1 59 .7 1 59 .5 0 59 .2 8 59 .0 6 to n/ da y 16 .9 7 17 .1 6 17 .1 0 17 .0 5 16 .9 9 16 .9 3 16 .8 6 to n/ da y 47 .9 1 48 .7 2 49 .5 5 50 .3 9 51 .2 5 52 .1 2 53 .0 1 to n/ da y 13 .6 8 13 .9 1 14 .1 5 14 .3 9 14 .6 3 14 .8 8 15 .1 4 to n/ da y 10 7. 34 10 8. 81 10 9. 46 11 0. 10 11 0. 75 11 1. 40 11 2. 07 to n/ da y 30 .6 5 31 .0 7 31 .2 5 31 .4 4 31 .6 2 31 .8 1 32 .0 0 to n/ da y 13 7. 99 13 9. 88 14 0. 71 14 1. 54 14 2. 38 14 3. 21 14 4. 06 O ff s ite c om po st in U po lu to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A O ff s ite c om po st in S av ai i to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A A lu m in iu m c an s fr om h ou se ho ld s ep ar at ed fo r r ec yc lin g in U po lu to n/ da y 0. 24 0. 26 0. 28 0. 30 0. 32 0. 34 0. 36 A lu m in iu m c an s fr om h ou se ho ld s ep ar at ed fo r r ec yc lin g in S av ai i to n/ da y 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 A lu m in iu m c an s fr om b us in es s se pa ra te d fo r r ec yc lin g in U po lu to n/ da y 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 A lu m in iu m c an s fr om b us in es s se pa ra te d fo r r ec yc lin g in S av ai i to n/ da y 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 R ec yc lin g R at io o f A lu m in um c an s fr om h ou se ho ld in U po lu % 44 .0 0 47 .0 0 50 .0 0 53 .0 0 55 .0 0 58 .0 0 61 .0 0 R ec yc lin g R at io o f A lu m in um c an s fr om h ou se ho ld in S av ai i % 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 R ec yc lin g R at io o f A lu m in um c an s fr om b us in es s in U po lu % N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A R ec yc lin g R at io o f A lu m in um c an s fr om b us in es s in U po lu % 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 H ou se ho ld W as te tr an sp or te d by c on tra ct or a t T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 22 .6 0 24 .8 0 27 .0 0 29 .2 0 31 .4 0 33 .6 0 35 .8 0 B us in es s W as te tr an sp or te d by c on tra ct or a t T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 1. 20 1. 22 1. 22 1. 23 1. 24 1. 25 1. 25 H ou se ho ld W as te d ir ec tly tr an sp or te d at T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 2. 20 2. 23 2. 24 2. 26 2. 27 2. 28 2. 30 B us in es s W as te d ire ct ly tr an sp or te d at T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 19 .0 0 19 .2 6 19 .3 7 19 .4 9 19 .6 0 19 .7 2 19 .8 4 H ou se ho ld W as te tr an sp or te d by c on tra ct or a t V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A B us in es s W as te tr an sp or te d by c on tra ct or a t V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A H ou se ho ld W as te d ir ec tly tr an sp or te d at V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A B us in es s W as te d ire ct ly tr an sp or te d at V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A G en er al w as te fr om h ou se ho ld in U po lu G en er al w as te fr om h ou se ho ld in S av ai i G en er al w as te fr om b us in es s in U po lu G en er al w as te fr om b us in es s in S av ai i G en er al w as te in S am oa Fu tu re F or ec as t Ite m U ni t Pa st G en er al w as te in S av ai i G en er al w as te in U po lu N at io na l W as te M an ag em en t S tr at eg y M in is tr y of N at ur al R es ou rc es a nd E nv iro nm en t 59 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 to n/ da y 45 .0 1 45 .6 3 45 .9 0 46 .1 7 46 .4 4 46 .7 1 46 .9 9 to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A m 3 22 .5 1 22 .8 1 22 .9 5 23 .0 8 23 .2 2 23 .3 6 23 .5 0 m 3 N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A A lu m in um c an c ol le ct ed a t T af ai ga ta L an df ill to n/ da y 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 A lu m in um c an c ol le ct ed a t V ai aa ta L an df ill to n/ da y 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 Fi na l D is po se d w as te a t T af ai ga ta to n/ da y 45 .0 0 45 .6 2 45 .8 9 46 .1 6 46 .4 3 46 .7 0 46 .9 8 Fi na l D is po se d w as te a t V ai aa ta to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A Fi na l D is po sa l r at io in U po lu % 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 Fi na l D is po sa l r at io in S av ai i % N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A R em ai ni ng C ap ac ity o f T af ai ga ta L an df ill m 3 N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A R em ai ni ng C ap ac ity o f V ai aa ta L an df ill m 3 N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A % 38 41 45 49 53 57 61 C ol le ct io n co ve ra ge fo r S av ai i b y w as te a m ou nt % N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A N /A Le ng th o f c ol le ct io n ro ut e in U po lu m 80 6, 73 4 80 6, 73 4 80 6, 73 4 Le ng th o f c ol le ct io n ro ut e in S av ai i m 34 5, 54 0 34 5, 54 0 34 5, 54 0 Le ng th o f a ct ua l t ra ck c on fir m ed a t T & M in U po lu m 49 5, 22 4 49 5, 22 4 49 5, 22 4 Le ng th o f a ct ua l t ra ck c on fir m ed a t T & M in S av ai i m 23 5, 42 7 23 5, 42 7 23 5, 42 7 C ol le ct io n co ve ra ge fo r U po lu b y tr ac k % 61 .0 0 70 .0 0 80 .0 0 80 .0 0 C ol le ct io n co ve ra ge fo r S av ai i b y tr ac k % 68 .0 0 68 .0 0 68 .0 0 68 .0 0 U nm an ag ed W as te in U po lu to n/ da y 62 .0 4 60 .9 8 59 .2 7 57 .5 6 55 .8 6 54 .1 5 52 .4 6 U nm an ag ed W as te in S av ai i to n/ da y N /A N /A N /A R at io o f u nm an ag ed w as te in U po lu % 58 56 54 52 50 49 47 R at io o f u nm an ag ed w as te in S av ai i % N /A N /A N /A C os t f or w as te c ol le ct io n se rv ic e in U po lu W ST /y ea r 1, 68 6, 96 6 C os t f or w as te c ol le ct io n se rv ic e in S av ai i W ST /y ea r 67 3, 13 8 C os t f or li tte r m ai nt en an ce W ST /y ea r 43 3, 63 8 C os t f or L aw n m ai nt en an ce W ST /y ea r 25 ,4 50 C os t f or L an df ill M ai nt en an ce in U po lu W ST /y ea r 29 9, 80 5 C os t f or L an df ill M ai nt en an ce in S av ai i W ST /y ea r 14 4, 00 0 R ev en ue fr om w ei gh br id ge W ST /y ea r 10 2, 95 9 R at io o f S W M re ve nu e in c os t % 3 5 R at io o f p la st ic s in d is ch ar ge d w as te fr om h ou se ho ld % 16 16 10 8 8 8 8 W as te in co m in g to T af ai ga ta L an df ill W as te in co m in g to V ai aa ta L an df ill V ol um e of W as te in co m in g to T af ai ga ta L an df ill V ol um e of W as te in co m in g to V ai aa ta L an df ill C ol le ct io n co ve ra ge fo r U po lu b y w as te a m ou nt Ite m U ni t Pa st Fu tu re F or ec as t National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 60 2 ToR for Steering Committee 2.1.1 Function of Steering Committee Meeting Oversee formulation, implementation, monitoring and revision process of NWMS. Mobilize and facilitate support in relation to NWMS across the members. Address key issues and problems for implementation of NWMS. Appraise progress of and constraints of implementation of NWMS. 2.1.2 Meeting schedule Regular Steering Committee meetings will be held in every year. Extraordinary or Special Steering Committee meetings may be organized as and when required, e.g. to discuss urgent issues related to NWMS. 2.1.3 Coordination of Steering Committee Coordination is under responsible of MNRE. Followings are the main coordination function of Steering Committee. Taking of Minutes Drafting Agenda Preparation of Presentation Material Tabling of Special Matters (Appraisal/Review/Endorsement etc.) Providing Logistical Support Liaison with Members on Sector Related Matters National Waste Management Strategy Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 61 3 References (1) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2009, “SAMOA FORESTRY OUTLOOK STUDY” http://www.fao.org/3/a-am246e.pdf (Available as of 2018/10/17) (2) Ministry of Finance, 2016, “STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAMOA (SDS) 2016/17 2019/20”, https://www.mof.gov.ws/Services/Economy/EconomicPlanning/tabid/5618/Default.aspx (Available as of 2018/10/17). (3) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 1989, “Land, Survey and Environment Act 1989”, http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/sam37633.pdf (Available as of 2018/10/17). (4) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2010, “Waste Management Act 2010” http://www.palemene.ws/new/parliament-business/acts-regulations/acts-2010/ (Available as of 2018/10/17). (5) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2011, “NATIONAL SAICM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN”. (6) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2011, “Solid Waste Characterization and Generation Study 2011.VAITELE.”. (7) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2016, “Climate data 2016-Final”, http://sbs.gov.ws/index.php/new-document-library (Available as of 2018/10/17). (8) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2016, “Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Annual Report 2016-1017”, https://www.mnre.gov.ws/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/MNRE-AR-English.pdf (Available as of 2018/10/17). (9) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2016, National Environment Sector Plan (NESP) 2017 2021, https://www.mnre.gov.ws/publications/ (Available as of 2018/10/17). (10) Samoa Bureau of Statistics, 2017, “2016 Census Brief No.1”, http://sbs.gov.ws/index.php/new document-library (Available as of 2018/10/17). (11) Samoa Bureau of Statistics, 2018, “Statistical Abstract 2017”, http://www.sbs.gov.ws/ (Available as of 2018/10/17). (12) Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2014, “Cleaner Pacific 2025 Pacific Regional Waste and Pollution Management Strategy 2016–2025”. https://www.sprep.org/attachments/Publications/WMPC/cleaner-pacific-strategy-2025.pdf (Available as of 2018/10/17). “Clean and Healthy Samoa”“Clean and Healthy Samoa” Ministry of Natural Resources and EnvironmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment