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I.: . t .L¢'TU, .i¢ .;! ,'4j1+2 ¢ . 2%, ¢ .:.il La:al · . .iM.I 16 "National needs for biodiversity conservation" Proceedings of the workshop held in the Scientific Arab Heritage Institute, Aleppo 2-3 April 2002 The workshop was organized under the patronage of H.E. the Minister of Environment, who was represented by Dr. Mohiddine Issa, National Coordinator for Biodiversity, Deputy Minister of Higher Education, who opened the workshop. The Resident Representative of UNDP was represented by Eng. Abir Zeno and the President of Aleppo University was represented by Dr. Mahmood Karroum Vice President of the University .The opening cession was addressed with speaches from Dr. Issa, Dr. Karroum and Eng. Abir Zeno. The national consultants presented their reports on the assessment of national capacities on conservation of biodiversity components. These were according the attached program: l - National needs for the conservation of biodiversity in the forests and reforested areas by Dr. Riad Lahham from the Directorate of Forestry. 2- National needs for the conservation of wild life in Syria by Dr. Darem Tabbaa, Professor at the University of Baath. 3- National needs for the conservation of biodiversity in the Badya and arid lands by Dr. Mowaffak Sheich Ali from ACSAD. 4- National needs for biodiversity conservation of shore and marine life by Dr. Amir Ibrahim Director of Marine Research. 5- National needs for biodiversity conservation of wetland in Syria by Dr. Issam Kroma ,}lead of Fishery Department in the Ministry of Agriculture. 6- Legislation needs for the conservation of biodiversity by Khalifa Munif Specialized in State property rights. 7- Socio - economic aspects of the establishment of protected areas by Eng. Imad Hassoun from the Ministry of Environment. 8- The role of seed banks, gene fields, botanical gardens and zoos in the conservation of biodiversity by Dr. Walid al Tawil from the Directorate of Agricultural Research. 18 After the discussions of these presentations, the participants were organized in five working groups to discuss the recommendations .These were: 1- Working Group on the national needs for the conservation of fresh water and marine biodiversity .The discussions were animated by Dr. Issam Kroma. 2- Working Group on the national needs for the conservation of biodiversity in forests and reforested areas .The discussions were animated by Dr. Riad Lahham. 3- Working Group on the national needs for the conservation of biodiversity in Badiya and arid lands. The discussions were animated by Eng. Tamir Hamid Director of Badiya in the Ministry of Agriculture. 4- Working Group on the Socio - economic needs of the establishment of protected areas. The discussions were animated by Mr. Khalifa Monif. 5- Working Group on the national needs for the conservation of wild life in Syria, The discussions were animated by Dr. Darem Tabbaa 1- National needs for biodiversity conservation of biological Resources in Forests and Reforested Areas: Training: 1- There is a need for Ph .D specialities in the following fields: * Conservation of forests biodiversity *Protected areas management. *Taxonomy. *Forestry ecosystems. *Forestry management *Non - Wood products of the forest. 2- It is preferable to appoint graduates of the faculties of agriculture in (forestry and environment engineers )in different offices of the Directorate of Forestry. 3-Organize training courses in forest management in cooperation with universities and national, regional and international organizations for staff of Forestry Department. 3- Support exchange of experience at Arab and International Level. Biodiversi Research: 1- Complement the specialities in the Directorate of Forestry with different taxonomy specialities. 2- Support forestry research with appropriate equipment. 19 3- Establishment of a biotechnology laboratory ( tissue culture , DNA sequencing ). 4- Establishment of a phytotrone. 5- Establishment of a genebank for forests. 6- Upgrade information exchange with a detailed plan for forest management including biodiversity management. 7- Upgrade watch towers and fire fighters with: *5 watch towers fully equipped for watching and fire alarm and fire extinguishers. *5 fire fighters fully equipped. 8-support ecotourism in forest areas to ensure economic development of villages in the forest. 2-National needs for the conservation of wild life 1- Biodiversity Institution: The opening of protected areas and the forests to grazing in the year 1998 was a great loss of the efforts of conservation in the last ten years. This incident shows the need for decision maker awareness that conservation needs is a sustainable process of resources and can not in any way be regained if lost. 2- There is a need for a national policy of conservation supported by an appropriate legislation and institutional frame work. 3- Open grazing wich substituted tribal exploitation of the Badya has failed in conserving range lands resources .The natural resources of the Badya have been over used as a result of population increase and augmentation of needs. There are many technical staff and trained officers but they have no role to play as a result of the present institution Although hunting is banned several years ago ,we see that Arab and Syrian hunters abound in Syria without any regulation of hunting season or species of prey. 4- water resources over use is causing a real problem for the wild life in the rivers, lakes, and wetlands .The following recommendations were adopted: *Range management has to aim to sustainable use, allowing regeneration and conservation of resources. *A national policy on family planning, and planning of sheep numbers grazing in the Badiya. *Training of range staff for the management of protected areas and conservation of biological resources. 2O *Management of hunting pennits for outsiders in coordination with the Ministry of Interior and Local Administration and restriction of prey species and time of hunting. *Management of drilling wells and the use of underground water resources, especially with limited recharge. *Establishment of a net work of protected areas covering different ecosystems in the Badiya and documentation of biodiversity components in each protected areas to establish a monitoring system of the state of biological resources. The necessary budget for these activities need to be allocated nationally or through grants from financial agents. 5- Impact assessment has to take biological resources in consideration for each development project of dams and wetland reclamation. 6- Biodiversity conservation need appropriate legislation, training and Specialities in plant taxonomy ,animal taxonomy and ecological range management and wild life. It needs also a special institutional framework and equipment for protected areas and biodiversity conservation. 3-National needs for the conservation of marine biodiversity Institutions and Specialities: 1-Training and specialists on marine life lomas and ecosystems. 2- Training and specialists on monitoring the state of marine life. 3-Establishment of taxonomic keys for all groups of biodiversity. 4-Establishment of a special technical dictionary so that all uses the same language. 5-Establishment of a specialist guide for marine biology. 6-Participation in workshops and conferences at Arab and international level. 7-Upgrading technical level of staff continuously. Equipment: 1- Equipment of guard station on the shore with the necessary means for watching and monitoring. 2- Equipment of harbors and other settlements with pollution treatment units especially against petroleum pollution and the sewage treatment in all urban and recreation sites. 3- Establishment ofbiotech labs and ex situ conservation facilities and chemical analysis for biosafety established in the Ministry of Higher Education. 4-Establishment of natural history musea ,aquariums and fairs. 21 5- Establishment of a data bank on biodiversity in Syria and availability of access through internet. 6- Establishment of an Arab library on biodiversity to cover the lack of information. Scientific Research: l- Special attention has to be given to invertebrates and Micro organisms. 2- Sustainability of ecosystem an life reserves in the water bodies and the development of management and sustainable use of biological resources. 3- Establishment of distribution map of important species in Syrian water and indictator species. 4- Publishing a special periodical on water environment and water bodies in Syria. Protected Areas 1- Establishment of the protected areas "Raas Ben Hani "to play a role in the conservation of biodiversity and its management with trained staff and equipment. 2- Finalize the establishment of"Um el Toyour" protected area for the protection of rare and endangered species. 3- Establishment of other protected areas in: Jone Jableh for the protection of sea turtles and other character species and .South of Arwad for the protection of sea sponge. 4- These protected areas are a starting point for the protection of the whole Syria coast. 5- Restoration of marine ecosystems and reestablishment of different endangered species. 4-Institutional and Legislation Needs 1- Establishment of a special department for biodiversity conservation and environmental safety in each of the directorates off (1)- Agriculture, (2)-Environment (3)- Tourism in each Governorates of the country, as well as in the Directorate of Harbors and different peoples organizations: Woman Union, Student Union, Youth Organization and Farmers Union. The objective of this department is to follow up the measures of biodiversity conservation and coordination with the Directorate of Biodiversity in the Ministry of Environment. 2- Enforcement of law on the conservation of biological resources and complement suitable legislation. 3- Ratification of environmental law 4- Establishment of a special legislation for the protection of public waters. 22 5- Establishment of a national contingency plan for accidental petroleum pollution. 6- Application of impact assessment of development projects on biodiversity. 7- Signature and ratification of the following conventions: United Nations Convention on the protection of fish reserves. Way of Conduct in of hunting United Nations. National Plan: 1-National plan for monitoring biodiversity and updating each five years. 2- Stop urbanization along the shore and protect it from pollution. 3- Integrated development of the shore. Puplic Awareness: 1- Support Puplic awareness on all components of biodiversity and not only components of economic importance. 2- Support NGOs and other organizations, which work on Puplic awareness. 3- Support different media activities concerning biodiversity public awareness. 4- Support exchange of information at local level, Arab level and international level. 5-National Needs on Ex-sitn Conservation 1- Human resources: Post graduate studies and research (MSC,PhD) in plant and animal taxonomy, in situ and ex-stin conservation, biotechnology, genetic engineering, medicinal plants ,plant genetic resources. Training present staff in the upmentioned specialities. Participation in different workshops, conferences and other scientific activities. Scientific bibliography and internet services. Development of a monitoring system depending on GIS and RS for important genetic resources. Research program on genetic maps of important varieties and strains of plants and animals endemic in Syria for a better conservation of these resources. Establishment of a national botanic garden. Establishment of a national zoo. Establishment of a national data bank on biodiversity. 23 6-Legislation National Needs There is an urgent need for the ratification of the national environmental law, Which was submitted to the parliament by the Ministry of Environment. The law on the conservation of plant and animal genetic resources and their exchange and sustainable use is a national need to be establishment and ratified. Main changes and update of national legislation include the following: 1- Policies on biodiversit w and protected areas: There is a national need for a special legislation for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of biological resources. 2- protected areas management: There is a national need for coordination among different National parties concerned with protected areas at local level or national level (Ministry of Agriculture Environment and Irrigation) Another national need is the definition of Advisory Institutions like Supreme Council on Reforestation, General Organization on Environment, Supreme Council on Environment Safety, Center of Scientific and Environment resources. 3- protected areas planning: There is a national need for a survey of protected areas together at the stage of declared, proposed or suggested areas in one or more studies. A national plan for protected area management is also a national priority. Population Participation: The role of local administration in protected areas establishment and the biological resources conservation has to be activated. This will ensure the participation of people in conservation and sustainable use of biological resources. Impact Assessment of development: There is a national need for considering the impact of mining, roads construction, factories and solid wastes on biodiversity. This has to include all development projects. 24 Eco-tourism: The development of Eco-tourism as an alternative livelihood for people around protected areas has to be considered. This has to be designed with utmost care for the sake of biodiversity conservation. Country Side development: Income generating projects in the field of apiculture, silk worm, Eco tourism ,fruit trees, water harvesting are essential in the development of protected areas and biodiversity conservation. Poverty eradication is a first step to preserve the natural resources including biodiversity. Public Awareness: Extension services and public awareness are essential for the maintenance of protected areas. This has to include school education, use of different media and training. Biosafety: The integrated pest management and the right use of fertilizers is essential for biodiversity conservation and protected areas maintenance. Alien species have to be kept with utmost care out protected areas and national biological resources. 7- Socio -:Economic Needs All protected areas in Syria have settlements in and around them to a degree. The activities of grazing agriculture expansion, fuel cutting, food and medicinal plants collection, hunting and hazard recreation are activities which affect protected areas and biodiversity. There is an urgent need for income generating projects for these people to cooperate in protected areas management and biodiversity conservation. 25 ,t.. l o . j..c.a. : l. ! a. . . 1. t-1 ..gm!. jla¥1c,li l.l-1 O. .'ljig t. .,,,t,all 6-1 '/j .. ,II 1-2 ,9 ft. 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L.,..,-,... r' o(9-7) t ' llo t (,r,.)l -, .. .. . 150-100(50) L I ¼,,,A.,,,"v', ..,' ,..)1. ,..,,..-, , l' ,-- -5.'., ?.,U -' .)L,b..,i,¢ °(31-29) 3 .. ,..)1..,.. ¢ 150-100 ..'W i..,., , ,..,-,.,,", 100-50 L ..,, t . :, .)..;, L.,.,..,-,.', : ', t ,;,.¢.k l r,I.,l l .4 .%.) 1 . 1 bl? s ... 1 56 :. ,al,. ,,..,It.1.4 , Teucrium polium, Centauria balsamitoides,Phlomis burguieri Cousinia, Oliveria orientalis, Anabsis aphylla,Stipa lagasca Artemisia herba alba., C. weshen,chabarasica :?.j, Jl L' ..IL .2.4 :, 1 ;' t .ml ,5 .v,,t.. .,"v- :L,--.,U,:.., L. Anabasis aphylla ,.jr,';,ll .w.o1..u,,, Stipa parviflora, Haloxylon articulatum, Peganum harmala. :¢..,¢,,.;i ,.':.II ,.,. ,,,11.3.4 Artemisia herba b ;, .II . d .,.,l, . ,.,1, . . ., .C o, z ¢.. alba Poa sinaica Ha/oxy/on .0--, , ,,,U 1 ,,,,, .¢.. ,% .,.¢ W,..,'Vl:, -.,/, Carex stenophylla.,articulatum 5--¢..j.,J .,¢J :.-, ¢ t. , 1 ,,,dl .. l u, d..,t,:, :,.,¢.,¢j ,.,: ...il.4.4 ¢ . ¢ ¢ ¢,, ¢. Astragalus, Scabiosa olivieri, Onobrychisofiveri,Salsola spinosa mossulensis Artemisia,Cousinia wesheni jJ L ¥ . Salsola ssp. c l i¢ scoparia , Achillea conferta,Moltipia caerulea ', .... :: , ,U I¢ LJ Hemiada ssp. Satureia, Celsia lanceolata,Erodium glaucophyllum Helianthemum,Aristida plumosa ¢ : ',¢ Jl ,;,1 1 ',,, pallaryi , Scbropoa dichotoma, Astragalus duplostrigous,sessilifiorum Comulaca setifera. : .w2t .. .¢ -,11,., .., 1.5.4 57 Anabsis aphylla 11., .'..L,,.S'%¢,, 1¢ :L'-'.'.-'llC,. b..JI8.tFi ,.u¥', ;'.:.-.:'-:- Poa sinaica h; ,,,IlI : ;ltJ.;, ,tu ,.;d.. ,.Haloxylon articulatum . Os :.,¢.y >ll,., ... !.6.4 l = .j Anabasis aphylla JI . b" Linum sp.,Anabsis stifera 'C: ,';,,Iir, t ,,,..,Halogeton alopecurides IU Haloxylon articulatum J . . .);b Onobrychis ptolemaica,Stipa parviflora JS j k, ¢ i 1¢Pistacia atlantica ,,,1 1.,k.,lb , k;.,.,...:. mj.L¢.t ,, ,:.j /.. .,"., = ,31 ',? Argyrolobium, Arrhnatherum ssp.,Agropyron libanoticum Phlomis damascena., Centauria dumulosa,crotalarioides Prunus: J LaT ,.,,,,Ik l¢.k.,II .., : , ¢¢U .,¢L.zu L,.. l ..J .2.7.4 Rhamnus palaestina,tortusa :.. J ¢ ,,,Jk l .,k:ll, . : ..3.,..J{ ..J. . 3.7.4 ,Crataegus azarolus, Amygdalus orientalis ,Pistacia khinjuk Stipa barbata.,Prunus tortusa Halocnemum : , .:lt21?..l . . :, l .-, 5.: .,",U: ,.L ,:j . . .,. 1.8.4 , Salicornia herbacea, Tamarix spp. Salsola crassa,stabilaceum Centauria, Achuropus repens, Aeluropus littoralis,Frankenia Sphenopus divaricatus., Juncus martimus,postii 58 Achillea, Haloxylon articulatum,Atriplex palaestina t a >. :al fragrantissima : 1 , 1, ll;l.,. .L,.af ..¢ . 13t .! t"' " %,a ,.aY, ,;',P, lc.,L,.-- b"' 59 . . - Carex stenophylla- Haloxylon articulatum. .=?J.' l OA¢..'I .- ..-* Salsola :ilU ..¢ .* Noaea mucronata- Poa bulbosa '.L U. . vermiculata- Poa bulbosa Artemisia .L U ;, ,,llL**.-. ,L 0 O I 13, . . : 2 Noaea mucronata- Poal : IU ;.-. L:'.'* ' herba alba-Poa bulbosa bulbosa :' : :'.t.¢l , ? 1 t. b,z . I: ¢1 Artemisiaherba alba- Poa bulbosa 1¢ .. l . · O ;; II Noaea mucronata- .'* UPoa sinaica .j, b ,.,Il : I b' Herniaria 11 . L Carex stenophylla ¢- :-',IUHaloxylon Micropus Iongifofius ,, . A L ;: t . hemestemon 31 : IU Sisymbrium bfiobum s L- U Hefianthemum saficifolium Haloxylon articulatum Poa bulbosa ;. : '.b UoF¢.'I . · . .., t ..,I 0 ¢. .al : ¢ L¢ 2:,,, :Carex stenophylla ,¢ '1 : . , Astragalus ¢L-, U Torularia torulosa j ..,-!UPlantago ovata Schismus arabica : t. . 1 . .,. Adonis dentata "..W - Utribuloides · Cratocephalus falcatus ,.t, U Malva egyptica 3.t¢31 Carex stenophylla- Haloxylon articulatum : . =, .' U ¢Z,.:',I ,:* · 1 ',L¢ ,i Noaea mucronata ., U Poa bulbosa ..,...: 1.tel .. .Ixiolarionpallasii O' L ¢t¢Allium sp. .1 1 6O ,',;, j';,";,: ' . JI ', 1 ',¢ 1 jL ¢, 64 1 : .¢ 1982 ,',t. .t l ,u,-,. j;, ., t ) ,?,.I .',ut " t 2: . ! ..,,,: j,%20 3 .LC:¥ ¢..,120 ,.. L¢.jL 'I J... ,,"u', ,,.. 1,. t: .>...¢.,9 ..,,..¢. ;, ;¥ ,..¢31%' ,,. i306 ¢ ;. Salsola %..¢UAchillea fragrantissima .; . , herba-alba Atriplex j ., 1 Anabasis housskenchti h ,t,ll vermiculata .Artemisiascoparia¢. * .., leucoclada Poa sinaica I'¥ .,111: 1I1 ' , 1 16 .u . ,,. J.I ', . : 1 '¥ . ? . ,11) ¢U: 1 Sfipabarbata l e: l Carex stenophylla 5 1 .Hordeumbulbosum( i. ,ll Hemaria ;:I ¢UFagonia '.,¢ ,t,li¢Astragalusssp¢t 1 Plantago I.,., UErodium glaucophyllum --'-,- Uhemistemon .albicans ¢ ¢* .,; 1UStipa capensis ..-,IUHordeum glaucum , .1 ,,,., . ! s . ,,hlUSchismus arabicus :;% l Koeleria phoboids .Eremopyrumconfusum .,I 1 , & ¢L. I t ¢. LS Sa/solavolkensfi ,;.a 61 I: , UFilago desertum : ',,t- j Gymnorrhena micrantha ·Trifolium t i 3 Torulada tirulosa' L U Plantago albicans Artemisia s . ? - C.: , ,11t ',-* . Artemisia herba-alba. C..,,t,ll C"":'" Haloxylon L. ,dl-O; j ll * :* .herba-alba - Achfilea fragrantissima Artemisia 1 , ,,-C; ,',, tL *": * .articulatum - Sa/sola vermiculata Haloxylon O :',ll- C.: ,t,ll C. *',- . herba-alba -A.hausskenchtii Atriplex d.-- ¢l - ; 2 ..¢1 ',: .Artemisia herba-alba - articulatum Ephedra alata 1 - C;,t,ll C ,:.. Salsola vermiculata - leucoclada Salsola vermiculata, l - e;-.?l · ',- .Artemisia herba-alba -g. · Achillea fragrantissima · Achillea fragrantissima - Atriplex leucoclada , .¢1- e.¢, .. l **t Achillea - Haloxylon articulatum O¢ 'ufil- L 'Q ' Atriplex leucoclada j . - j ¢l - e:L : 1 .fragrantissima y, ll- .,-, II *',:* Achillea fragrantissima-Salsola vermiculata Achillea - Haloxylon articulatum -Artemisia scoparia ¢. , ·fragrantissiam 62 G. . I ,-,u . l.1 · 2000 - 1995 6,- j: l -, .! L . L .jt: i720 L .! .b . L l : ../ 1, 1 .;. 1, ..,-- . 1 . L ', 1jt. i ,',L- . o F · ; , ,b.,. MI . L I. 1o ] jy,: u. t ,,,ll, ... 1 . j . '. l k .3 : 't. 63 . - 1.., U . . , . ,-. p?. '/. ' 1 ;u¢ s , ',' . . . t ., o .. .. , . .> · 4 / ¢ j c"':'- ll jl . 1983 ¢L r....... ,, .. 1 oLCL,. 1 . ' 2 - .-- ' M ,- U( ¢. .. - Astragalus spinosa ¢..!k - Salsola volkensii .( ¢.. i . ,,-,I d - .¢ J . / 4 / 19 . u / 103 / ¢¢-:, * ', I :1 1990 ¢ -,' .......b 17 y ... 0¢ L.. .t l . 1 750 -¢. 5 1'4 1.,.IU t: 4500 .L .J: ,,,- 1999 .¢1. 1o ! : ! · . . t,',-,I. t¢.Oa' ,¢ '· 64 ..r l .,,Jt ...lJU. ..).!,';% !.:..,.?,11 ;U :?.lt,",L,,. .>. ll .. L L,e.? p .. .zJl13 ,.2U, .'. :c: .- Jl. i :al ... l¢.. 1 ,aU . .3 : ,,,% ',,,i. i . .-k--Y, L, ] L . i ' 1-,..!U " U?II" 65 .,¢.¢1 j. t. ", .u, .4 t.,c ..¢ oi . 1.. !; -, . ,/I j 2000), (Batello c: t : 1 ', /L 1O0o- 1 ! ., h",' I.¢L I .. . ? :a :L,/ / 2000 Mt2 ., .2; ,,, L . ...0 - 2' . .II1 /at ..., t j l ¢j 2000 . :,¢.lJ,.a% ,.,L,..iI.i ,,,,,,52t 3 2J--eJ 66 t. ( ) ¢ , 1 (--,) ! 815196 696000 576804 15193659 7935707 1991 1188569 824000 364569 i14665086 8059482 1992 1250518 687000 563518 10146617 8216557 1993 1442892 833000 609892 11256623 8298888 1994 956727 897000; 59727 12075190 8286831 1995 1401361 903000'498361 13119498 8319909 i 1996 1748294 1074000 674294 13829316 8283041 1997 1673850 918000 755850 15424717 8269841 1998 27155721102900011686572 13998459 8264858 1999 2908545i107500011833545 13505235 8358880 2000 I 0 -. ...,, 2000 "?--U IVa.-,-Vl kr.,?. .I j ,.-.-.,]t)2000 - 1991 ,j. l 67 I I 95 5 18' 71 42 - 14 28 t9' 59 728 19912 5 L 69i 756 114 7 21 86 57 1 15 41 15 4 2 1992 65 ! 752 113 7 18 88 48 1 9 38 13 3 2 1993 65 744 109 7 17 85 I 44 6' 12 26 17 6 1 1994 81 733 119 8 20 91 81 5 8 68 11 8 2 1995 84 752 120 7 19, 94 75 3 11 61 9 0 1 1996 138 8 26 10 97 8 10 79 11 §2 768 1997 4 I 9 1 68 I ' I 84 757119 7 18 92 67 9 7 51 12 1998 L 8 4 10 11 8,3 810 130 6 20 123 6 7 15 1999 4 2 1 4 10 11 84 842 140 7 24 131 6 11 10 2000 9 4 I 6 4 - 1 3 ..... 28 178 ,.1 . 1 5 I 1 3 ..... 73 351 t..¢. ., 3 - 1 2 .... 1 5 97 sL:; 7 - 1 6 2 2 - - - 58 731 C¢,..',:'--: '. ......... 50 -. .,- : 13 3 - - 3 6 3 - 3 - 5 635 14 11 - 4 7 10 - 3 7 2 707 ,,L,, .,.9 .......... ,..¢.t l 107 19 1 - 18 5 - - 5 - 95 8 ' ' ' "" 1 - - 1 - - 1 29 252 1 4 i 3 - - 3 3 - 1 2 - 53 558 jj l ¢: 2 - - 2 ..... 21 467 " .,,-' ........ 16 16 ..L.Cb 'r --- -- I i " - - ..... i 24 1 23 u -ll .J . . - . :s"" .II). 2000 - 1991 .C .. 3 -al'J% .'' *-O;I,''L I '% t l 1:1 , ,,II .(2000 L¢5 ¢IL . '.uC.L, s,,.mk.c,mU,2000 ', 1). 1M, ,....'/I I ; ,,,' aj . l 3 :,',!- . .. s¢.' ,C*.,, . 21' 1'.. 1l. , . s l ,os.b,',L L.. I ..;,-. b- l. (c ll,sL, t,.u ! ,,¢ s¥1 ,,.-,' 1,,', b - 1 1 u.,,j : : ..,', 69 ut ?. y, e U ..,,. 1cA 'a,, ,.,.A-. , 1`a'L I,. '.2,",L,, . . `al,:.,z. , ..,, 1 0.,,¢.,,.., , ',,.,¢%...¢,¥1c.., c. ..,¢..,,. . 18 .:al, ...¢. %t.,,,... .. . .0..- ..,J,..,JI ; L ] 1 ,.-.8, L:,..,,al¢u ¥1- ,.->.¢ ¢ (1980 ,,.., ..:,lu)JL.,.,21 ;,:"* * .-,;', u " '" b -- ,.,. L,'-,a%L 5,,L¢-,",tL l8` ,..,.,¢ ,.¢ U,,b. ¢1 ',,-.bi u 8` % 85 - 80 Oi,.¢]¢,-,t.¢1 '4,.,U.a ,,¢,..;-'"'"- U' ', - l ·% 20 8` ] ,,,ql,, c '--, -r:','', · ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢,% ¢¢ ¢ ¢ ,,. .j...,',.:.," bL,JIa...V,.' ;,.:,**,IlC. b.,,JIu .',",,.. t 'ua} j a i 0,.:,!-a01<,4! ,Ju/a- / c*.O50 oJ .i¢ua . 1 a!,a U;,l JF,a." u,. l"8` ,aW,., W,i ' · /¢.j7 · ¢,iu/ 1.25¢ 2, !!8` t 15 ¢ L I r,] ¥ . ,.,.**z . 1 0.4 ;'t U , .j262.5= L, 30 · iu/ - /.¢.J50 o ¢ .¢.d 50 8` ..o,,.J 500 ]¢ .¢ ,", i l 7O ,. .. .7 e .,¢1 1959eL--il252 ¢ij a. l i 6y,ti ..¢, : ¢ .s?,r, ".,% .,. 1. .1973¢L,.i13 AjayJ- ---, 1970et 140 : j. l oX,,¢i , ai?-.-,ll j.&,L: IIvi . 11 * .. . , k;- .Il¢L...,.IL.¢ 0. .¢ 17.1 oj '. :L,ac.U.ot:. : i100 , ..... ., i'¢,II ' . L . I¢ . 1... ¥ ¢L . .. ,. 5j ',.-xl O- . 8 -'*'' ItJ . ' ';" ' 2001 2 2i 1 , AII j/**,',,,,I d 2,-.l..,,,lt ,,L ll pi,aiM S¢I. ¢;,,,--' . t ,',/.5 . ¢ ' i;;¢ . t:. 7000 , . L, .( C¢ aJ d , 120 - . ) 2..... ,".. - .3s>, 71 r. 8,, ;u, h...:8. ,,Z, jI: . jt:. 2000 : .t. ;-.-.',1 j l 8, yu.L 'i:,.JI C t l ,',L U. .. ..,,,3 3S 1, s,¢ O...¢'3.5 - . 0¢-..; " '"'" 1 ; I1, "'tee. : t. l atS l O-, jL, O. L,3.255 , j¥ : - i647.6 ; l ¢ ,Ij?U a .L.¢I ,,,,' JO ;I 40.5 L :-:%j, l ' ;C-,It L. j ; L J.G.T. Z ?. 1O L.:, 0 ,,¢ j . jb' .: O. , 104.9 t..,=.>¥18 j,t,.,ll, bll Zp', . 1 ,,., Ui 19.2 : ,,nj<;,tv t',,. . 0..¢ 20.2 ( . ) U.;¢I . - ',* . 21,3. . 1 0. ;I,,65 ,.,r L, ->' L, . I,,, ¥1p..,,: ). ,. ..]15¢ ,,.,II, 21 ¢L, .! O % , % 7.1 , ,,,b j¥ a 0. ,1 8.1 ,-.Ij l s.-*!l , % 62 : :,,; V . 0 ;I, 7.16 ¢ .,JI: ¢ ,II, % 2.1 '. - j¥ 0..¢-,3.1 0. ,?,-.. t ·% 5.15 u,.b ' : : ¢L:,.ib .,. s ;<* i 50 L 5 , a l lui .3 ut: . 3 .",.d 2010 . ,:,Ui jt % 550 ! 5 . " - . 2010 G b. . i60 F 2005 890000 u, : ;IL .)'.L.h.;. % j L ' ; 'n .> 1 P, O-, ';" .%aMI 72 ¢L ,31 . . 900 ¢1 L o: L ' 10L ¢ 8¢.,,Z Ir, ., ¢. jb. . -, 27000 Jj l,,,,ll o: ,-, .- 2001 Total Type Project Project Loan Approva Name Cost Numb Project Status Date (USD er Million Badia Ran,qelands 104.92 Agricultural Ongoing 23-Apr-98 Developme Development nt Proiect Coastal/Mi dlands Agricultural Ongoing 06-Dec-95Agricultural 117.20 Developme Developmenl nt Project Jebel al Hoss Agricultural 29.02 8.25 Agricultural Ongoing 06-Sep-94 Developme Developmenl nt Project Southern Regional Agricultural 42.33 12.60 1-311- Agricultural Developme SY Developmenl Closed 09-Sep-92 nt Project Phase II Southern Regional 1-95- Agricultural Closed 31-Mar-82 Agricultural 36.64 7.55 SY Development Developme nt Project 5 projects foratotal 330.11 57.00 of: 73 : %,,..-,j',c¢..1, ¢.¢... l ,. ; ,,¢ ¢.J,:;,.,',.,, .. b . ,- i 22 t..,, .Vt I(¥.,.L 6.L..5.' ' · ""," 'u,r.,J 4 ¢ , **¢ , .1973 ¢L,d13 Oy L, j ..-% 'M , , E. ;MI L. .OLd.1970 eld 140 74 75 1¢ 1 , ,U . 1.4 . J?, '. , · ., . Gl<;,,,Il0 .u U %l ... , - - e L j ,dU j t1: 0-. - . .C .?J a 0..I.. ll 76 17,. ! .-./, .,¢10sl ,,Jt,.>;=w.o 1 . ,.¢ .. e.- ,¢21j', L O,, u--,w ll &L.Udt dlj %.) :VI ;1%, 11.6 ,..¢:,l' ,,J1%t, ',qb01 ,,,11.4 ) L ..)y, o., '-.-%,, l ,..ll t,.s. l ,sj u., :¢t ol ,,,l ,i,,.,' ll ..I o.?is · i ¢. 731 ?: 1 u..U. , .. . .L, .1t 1 ,. u y .. . &;. l ,, 77 ; .¢. . 1; L-,II . ,.,. 1 ' t ,..¢ /b;..,ll ..¢.. 1J - . ,,¢.j. :1980 , .. ,,:-, *..,1 .:1 .!! . j ; , .t .,. 1,.¢ lj %. t ,..) ..,.-,118.¢,21j ..¥ . :1995 ,, , ¢;,',,11 ¢1 . -71 ,* ,,. b.. t Tb U ¢Isjj ,2000 ¢,La., .¢.,,L,.. %;',,,, s t . % t :--..: JI ,1999 - 1990 ¢t 1 WWW.IFADOrqApproved projects for Syria P. 1966 -1983: Nouvelle fiore du Liban et de la Syrie.,Mouterde 78 dt . ... ' ..: ...d.-..il£1 .C.c.aLAa., 32 4.&,¢ .l. l. la ...2 ..,d 193 & . &. j: l c.¢.. , ..t.:,, I 0--4; "-J': ' hl J. 1a¢'¢ ,, .t a 0¢, ¢ 2814 81- jl · ' 95,0 r-lI . . j ; ¢3113zL,,llj ¢i) O 14.67 ¢1 .. ¢33*, I ¢ 2f .,.. 1<,,,11 L.;dl- 1 a.. .. ll? 1 'fi21ela 9 0.4o-%d.l. .j,.L.:.¢I,, .,,.II-3 ,. L.,.':.? I L,.% ,i , 2yj . o -¢. oy.,a ,....iLy,' ,,,I-5 2 j *-! Sj . 22-22I...,1 921,....Il ¢1%5,,,t y.,-',1 e, ¢11&5,,,I .',D. c. 12 1 ¢. 79