Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the District of Mé-Zochi 2019-2022

1 AMCC PROJECT – REDUCTION OF CLIMATE VULNERABILITY IN SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE DISTRITAL PLAIN OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGES 2019 – 2022 DISTRITAL MÉ-ZOCHI CAMAR 2 THE PRESENT DOCUMENT WAS FINANCIED BY BY THE EUROPEAN UNION 3 Developed by: Multisectoral Technical Team: Aline Castro General Direction of the Aurelio Environment Rita National Park of Ôbo Fernando Trindade Direction of Geographical and Registration Services Justina Lima General Direction of Natural Resources and Energy Meyer António General Direction of the Forests and Biodiversity Olavio Aníbal Fishing Direction Sebastião de Costa Américo de Ceita Veretrio (currently President of the Chamber) Community Group of the District of Mé-Zôchi Alexandrina Afonso Director of the Primary School of the Trinity Angilo da Graça Tron Police Diamantino da Cruz, Agricultor, Aguas das Belas Domingos Lopes, Agricultor, Saudade Eduardo Tomés Silva, Agricultor, Rio Lima Germano de Silveiro, Pescador, Praia Melão Ingracio Espírito Santo, Agricultor, Monte Macaco Isabel Cabinda, Agricultor Districts: Balzer Santo Technician of CDM Crisóstomo Lopes Technical Cabinet Infrastructure and Environment of CDM Gleide de Sousa Technical Cabinet Infrastructure and Environment of CDM Helcikia Santos Project All and all protect the environment of Mé-Zochi With the support of the teams: • Consorcio QUAREIN/NIRAS - Provision of Technical Assistance Services to the AMCC Project – Reduction of Climate Vulnerability in São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), do; • Budget-Program No. 2 of the AMCC Project – Reduction of Climate Vulnerability in STP Coordination of works: • Malene Wiinblad, Perita Adaptation Planning 4 CONTENTS Acronyms and 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ACCRA African Climate Change Resilience Alliance AMCC Mondial Alliance of Changements Climate tags BAD African Bank ECSCB Development Biologic Cocoa Production and Export Cooperative CMPLCL Strengthening the capabilities of rural communities for adaptation and subsistence options resilient to the effects of climate change in São Tomé and Príncipe CNMC National Climate Change Committee CONPREC National Council for the Preparation and Response of Catastrophes CQUNMC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change CVCA Climate Vulnerability and Adaptability ECOFAC Conservation and rational use of forest ecosystem in Central Africa ENCO National Company of Fuels and Oils, SARL EMAE ETM Water and Energy Maintenance Company Multisectoral Technical Team GCM Global Circulation Models GIME GEF Road Maintenance Interest Group Global Environment Facility NDS New Society of São Tomé and Príncipe PAMCZC Adaptation Project Climate Change in Coastal Zones PASA II PDA Environment Sector Support Programme District Climate Change Adaptation Plan PFNL Forestry Products Not Lenten PNOST Ôbo Natural Park – São Tomé PNUD United Nations Development Programme PRIASA Project to Rehabilitation Agriculture Infrastructure for Food Security UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services 6 1. Introduction This District Adaptation Plan of the District of Mé-Zochi is part of the efforts of the Government of the RDSTP under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNDC), expressed in the Determined National Contribution Report (NDC) and the Third National Communication, submitted to the Secretariat of the UNCHR to address the challenges of climate change. São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) is particularly vulnerable to climate change because of its insularity and small size. The predictable rise in sea level may reduce the country's surface and increase coastal erosion, and may have a negative impact on relevant economic sectors such as fishing, agriculture and the emerging tourism sector, as well as may lead to damage of vital infrastructures such as ports, roads and bridges. An increase in the average air temperature of 0.6oC has been proven in the period from 1960 to 20161, which will affect agriculture, health and other sectors. Within the framework of the “World Alliance Against Climate Change” (AMCC), the European Union (EU) approved the funding of the AMCC Project - Reduction of Climate Vulnerability in the RDSTP (AMCC STP Project), in the framework of which the Project Technical Assistance Services Agreement (AT Framework) is inserted, which aims to support the RDSTP in an effective and durable climate change process of adaptation to instability and instability. To achieve this objective, and among other results, the AT Agreement provides for detailed vulnerability studies for the districts of Lembá and Mé-Zochi and the subsequent elaboration of their adaptation plans. The District Adaptation Plan (PDA) for Climate Change in the District of Mé-Zochi aims to guide adaptation initiatives in the District, contribute to better planning and intersectoral coordination between central and local levels. 1 Report: Results of historical simulations and climate projections - period 2041-2070 - for the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. Projections used in the impact scenarios and used as the basis for the Vulnerability and Adaptation report, Brazil, October 2017. Contribution to the Third National Report of the RDSTP. Seven. Methodology The PDA was based on the method described in the Methodological Guide for the preparation of Local Adaptation Plans. This methodology was initially developed in Mozambique in 2013 and applied in the following years, in cooperation between the University of Eduardo Mondlane, the International NGO alliance called ACCRA, the Environmental Sector Support Program (PASA II) and the UNDP. One of the first activities developed, for the preparation of the PDA for the districts of Lembá and Mé Zochi, was the revision of the Guião to adapt to the context of STP. Completed this work, the National Committee for Climate Change (CNMC) validated the working methodology and subsequently the Reference Terms (TdR) of the Multisectoral Technical Team (ETMS). This Team, composed of technicians from the ministries and central institutions relevant to the PDA process, was specifically designated by the respective services to participate in the preparation of the PDA. A Community Group was also formed, with 20 elements selected by the District Chamber. The Group consists of women, men, young people, elderly, community leaders, farmers, fishermen, teachers, tourist guides, etc. By November 2017, it was possible to elaborate three of the five tools of Climate Vulnerability Analysis and Adaptation Capacity (CVCA). In February 2018, the key elements were produced for the preparation of the PDA, as well as the other tools: the risk map and resources, the seasonal calendar and the vulnerability matrix with constraints and recommended measures. Also, the Theory of Change was made for each area of intervention, defined strategic objectives and the vision of the District. Finally, the draft of the Plan of Action of the PDA was drawn up, based on the measures of adaptation in progress and suggested for adaptation. The climate vulnerability matrix identifies sectors that will potentially be mis affected by the effects of climate change. These effects may be negative or positive. To evaluate the institutional capacity of the District Council, district technicians completed a questionnaire, with 30 questions, divided into six subjects: • Integration of the issue of climate change in planning; • Planning in a context of uncertainties; • Use of climate information; • Budget and finance; • Participation; • Consciousness of partners. Then the budget of the Action Plan and the preparation of the monitoring matrix was proceeded. The Action Plan consists essentially of a presentation of the Theory of Changes based on the adaptation actions identified for each sector or area of intervention. These adaptation actions may be those already underway, such as new actions. The budget is based on gross estimates and the experience of similar actions carried out by other projects. The Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation in the District of Mé-Zochi is in agreement with the priority areas identified in the RDSTP National Determined Contributions Report, in particular: Renewable energy supply in STP up to 2030 (NDC) 8 Hydroelectric power connected to the national distribution network (9 MW) Small hydroelectric plants (4 MW) Photovoltaic panels (12 MW) • Reduce illegal and indiscriminate logging of trees by 15% to 2030 (NDC) Adaptation goals: • Strengthening knowledge, analysis and institutional capabilities to understand and manage climate risks in STP; • Increased climate resilience of communities and STP sectors. Transverse and structuring goals: • Strengthen communication and awareness processes for climate change and the environment. 9. District profile of Mé-Zochi District 3.1. General description of the District of Mé-Zochi São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) has a population of approximately 192,000 inhabitants2, of which about 7,000 live on the Island of the Prince. STP has a Development Index Human of 0.558 – which places it in the middle human development category – positioning it in the 142nd place between 187 countries in 2013.3 43.5% of the population in STP lives with less than 1.25USD/ per day. The District of Mé-Zochi has a surface of 122 km2 with a population of 46,265 inhabitants. Along with the District of Grande Water, Mé-Zochi is the most populous district and higher population density. More than 60% of the population is concentrated in these two administrative areas of the country, which represent only 13.8% of the national territory.4 From 2000 to 2010 the district's poverty reduced from 58.9% to 38% being the highest STP level reduction.5 According to data from the 2001 General Population and Housing Survey (RGPH) most people come from the Mé Zochi district (about 30%). The Great Water districts (16.2%), Cantagalo (15.7%), Lembá (13.2%) and Lobata (12.9%) are also "suppliers" of migrants to other districts.6 Regarding the destination district of migrants, Agua Grande, where 49% of immigrants entered, occupies the cimeiro place, following the District of Mé-Zochi that received the 19%. The District of Mé-Zochi is characterized by a mountainous landscape, with dense wet forests alternating with cocoa and coffee plantations and vegetable fields. The soils are very fertile and high precipitation. The largest river of São Tomé Island, Manuel Jorge, runs in the District. A large part of national food products are produced in Mé-Zochi. The risk and resource map of the District of Mé-Zochi (figure 2), designed during the CVCA process, has relevant information for adaptation to climate change. It shows that 50% of the District area, on the east side, is densely urbanized. This area, of lower altitude, suffers from erosion at some points, possibly linked to the slaughter of trees and other plant and dry cover. Mé-Zochi has a 2 V&A Assessment in the context of the preparation of the Third National Communication (TNC) report for submission to the UNFCCC Secretariat, in fulfillment of the reporting requirement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 3 Evaluation of the National Capacity for Reduction of the Risk of Catastrofes, São Tomé and Príncipe, June 2015 4 V&A compilation, 2011 5 Preparation for the third international conference on sustainable development of small island developing states, Apia, Samoa 2014, STP 6 National Report V&A compilation, 2011 Figure 1: Map showing the limits and location of the District of Mé-Zochi 10 short coastal strip, only 5km, called Melão Beach, and has a fishing community. The district capital, Trindade, is in the middle of the district. The west side of the District has higher altitudes, with different types of forest, agriculture and small urban clusters, mainly near the ancient gardens. The area has a high level of rainfall. The Manuel Jorge River crosses almost the entire District from west to east. It is the west side of the District that has more interest in the sectors of agriculture, forests, biodiversity and tourism. Figure 2: Map of risks and resources of the District of Mé-Zochi 3.2 Climate vulnerability and STP adaptability has a humid tropical climate, characterized by the existence of two periods. A period of nine months (September to May), considered months of rain and higher temperatures and another three months (June to August), which corresponds to the dry season (gravana) with lower temperatures. STP is particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events such as floods, sudden floods (fast) and torrential rains. According to the Vulnerability and Adaptation report in São Tomé and Príncipe of 20117 two studies were conducted, in 2011, on the climate evolution in STP8 and the region where STP is inserted9. The first is based on observations from the Meteorological Station of STP Airport and the second is based on satellite images. For the 2011 STP Vulnerability and Adaptation study, 7 The document has no cover. So you don't know who worked. 8 Evaluation of the Climate Evolution of São. Thomas and Prince - Penhor, M.; Vaz, B.; Neves, M. (2011) 9 STP: Historical changes in the regional climate and aerosols -Mark Tadross and Fiona Tummon, UNDP, 2011 11 climate projections on the behavior of temperature and precipitation on the islands to the horizon 2040-2060 using Global Circulation Models (GCM). There are also more recent climatic scenarios of a 2017 study developed under the Third National Communication on Climate Change within the UNC. These scenarios were developed by a multidisciplinary team of experts in the field of climatology of the National Institute of Space Pesquizas of Brazil10 Recent data shows that annual STP temperatures rose, approximately 0.4 °C, between 1960 and 2006 and expected to increase between 0.8 and 2.4 °C by 2060. According to the study done in the preparation of the Second National Communication11, the temperature may increase to 2oC and there may be a decrease in precipitation from 15% to 2100. Statistical trends point out that the volume of precipitation, from March to May, has decreased, while the heavy rain, during the period from September to November, has increased. Projections related to precipitation suggest a similar increase in precipitation during the period from October to December12. However, the most recent measurements mentioned in the studies mentioned above show less conclusive trends13. The only weather station that has series of measurements (57 years) is the station of STP Airport. The other stations are in operation less than 10 years. STP Airport Station shows a trend of increased rainfall, but because of the microclimates and the very different levels of São Tomé Island rainfall, this trend may not be extensive to the whole country. The vulnerability matrix below shows that there is a perception in the community group of increased weather events identified compared to previous years. This perception aligns with the scientific observations that there is an increase in precipitation which verifies if with intense rains in the rainy period. Event/Sector torrential/erractic precipitation Dry Floods Increased temperature Increase of the sea Agriculture 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Tourism 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Health 2 0 2 0 Education 2 0 0 0 Forests and biodiversity conservation 2 0 2 0 Trends Table 1: Vulnerability Matrix, District of Mé-Zochi, 29 November 2017 Year Event Impact 1979 Much rainfall has occurred in the base of forest densification. Due to the accumulation of water (aluvio) of the rocks that Disappearance of a community 10 Results of historical simulations and climate projections - period 2041-2070 - for the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. Projections used in the impact scenarios and used as the basis for the Vulnerability and Adaptation report, INPE, Brazil, 2017 11 Evaluation of the Climate Evolution of São Tomé and Príncipe - Penhor, M.; Vaz, B.; Neves, M. (2011) 12 Evaluation of the National Capacity for Reduction of the Risk of Catastrofes, São Tomé and Príncipe, June 2015 13 Results of historical simulations and climate projections - period 2041-2070 - for the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. Projections used in the impact scenarios and used as the basis for the Vulnerability and Adaptation report, Brazil, October 2017 12 Year Impact event triggered the collapse of the land leading to the disappearance of a Rio Bordelo community in northern São Tomé. 1981/82 There was drought for 7 to 8 months giving rise to the food crisis at all biological levels in 1983. Food industry 1995/96 Dates that began the distribution of land found that major climate change due to indiscriminate slaughter of trees extraction of inerts thus implying negative reflection on biodiversity Deforestation 2001/02 There was a plague being associated with the intensified slaughter of trees. Production reduction Table 2: Historic profile of the District of Mé-Zochi elaborated on 29 November 2017 The District of Mé-Zochi has so far not suffered a high number of extreme weather events according to the memories of the Community Group. The first event that the members remembered was in 1979 and actually happened in the District of Lembá. The most serious event for agriculture and the well-being of the population was a drought in 1981/82. The Venn diagram (Figure 3) shows that the District of Mé-Zochi has several institutional resources that can contribute to the adaptation to climate change in Mé-Zochi. Institutions with green color, closer to the center where it is written District of Mé-Zochi, are considered to be most important by community members. The fire department, the project of adaptation to climate change CMPLCL, the company Agostinho Neto, the Interest Group of road maintenance (GIME)14, the schools of the District and the District House itself are considered by the Community Group with the most important institutions to intervene in the actions of adaptation to climate change. Institutions with blue color are less important and those with yellow color are to consider as partners, but not as crucial for the adaptation process. These partners may be involved in preparing and implementing the actions listed in the Action Plan in section 4.4. Relevant areas of involvement of these partners are campaigns and awareness of good practices in forest management, use of water resources and health. The district police should be involved in strengthening the implementation of laws and regulations and in forest supervision. Some partners can contribute technical assistance and funding. In terms of the capacity of the Mé-Zochi District Board itself to face the challenge of climate change, see if in the diagram below that, according to the self-evaluation of district technicians, the ability to coordinate, finance, plan and use information about climate change is low. Also the capacity and knowledge of technicians is low. The score is higher than the capacity and knowledge of climate change of international partners in the District of Mé-Zochi. Climate change issues are also relatively well integrated into local planning. In the Adaptation Action Plan, the training of district technicians is planned to increase the ability to implement the Mé-Zochi PDA. 14 GIME was an NGO that at the national level with the support of the European Union maintained the roads. At a time the EU let GIME finance because the State of STP did not give its contribution to 25%. At this time GIME is a state institution under the tutelage of MIRNA. 13 Figure 3: Venn diagram showing the institutional analysis by the community group, November 29, 2017 Figure 4: Self-evaluation of the institutional capacity of the District Chamber of Mé-Zôchi In summary, the District of Me-Zochi is one of the districts with the highest population density, has a great importance for agricultural production, has a good base of institutions and companies with the ability to support in the adaptation process. On the other hand, the climate vulnerability of the District is average. District of Mé Zochi Fire department of Mé Zochi The schools of the district Project of the Solid Presidence of Mé-Zochi? The churches of the district The Adaptation Project for Climate Mudancas (CMPLCL) General Direction of the Environment Museum Almeda Negreir o Police distrita l Company A. Neto NGO Selpo lap? Cooperati va of women from Vista Alegre Entrepres a Safocan NGO Ecological Alloy GIM And TESE (ONG) The cooperatives and associations of the district Chamber Health office of Mé Zochi 14 3.3 Agriculture and food safety Agriculture has always been the main productive sector in STP. In 2017 agriculture contributed 5% to GDP. Historically, it was dominated by monocultures such as sugarcane, coffee and cocoa for export. With the fall in the price of cocoa in the sixties, independence in the seventies and agrarian reform in the eighties, current agriculture is characterized by small private or family producers and a diversification of production, facing both for export and the internal market. The most important crops are: banana, matabala, coffee, pepper and cocoa. The demand for organic cocoa on the international market makes small producers and families increasingly producing cocoa. There is also an agricultural diversification, with greater production of tomatoes, fruit and vegetables. Before independence, the production of cocoa, coffee and sugarcane was made in the plantations of the gardens. The production of cocoa and coffee was much higher than the current one. The reduction of production was the result of several factors, among which, highlight the fall in the price of these products in the international market and the departure of the owners and managers of the Roças after independence. To encourage agricultural production the agrarian reform was carried out which is described in the Text Box 1 below. Today the benefits of this reform are questioned because of some of the effects observed over the years. In 1998 there was an increase in the slaughter of trees on land distributed to families. In 2001 – 2002 there was a plague that is being associated with intensifying the abbot of trees. The problems identified with agrarian reform are linked to the short period of land use right, which is from 2 to 20 years. The short duration does not encourage long-term investments and the use of land and natural resources in a sustainable way. There is also the question of uncertainty about the nature of family law. The lack of a land law, determining the rights and obligations inherent to it, takes all the value of the different forms of land concession (management contract, lease contract, enjoyment). The term “title of ownership” used in all land concession contracts means “ownership” while the content speaks of enjoyment. The current system fuels the uncertainty of the holders of the “titles of ownership” regarding the future and, therefore, their investment decisions. In general, the situation of agricultural holdings varies considerably with regard to the content, forms of management and organization. The titles of the “holders of possession present, in common, an almost general inability to value their farms for material, technical and organisational reasons. These uncertainties, and lack of incentives to long-term investment, can significantly limit the capacity of the rural population/agricultural producers to adapt to climate change. The reduction of water availability may also have a negative impact on agriculture. The increase in temperature also has consequences for agriculture because it has as effects a higher evaporation rate and a lower amount of water available for irrigation during the “gravana”. An increase in temperature, associated with greater precipitation, may have positive effects on agricultural production, but there is also a risk of proliferation of crop predators, increased pests and phytosanitary diseases, increased ticks and provoke parasitic diseases in animals leading to a reduction in the weight of carcasses in animals15. With these negative effects, food security and the well-being of the population is generally affected. 15 V&A compilation STP 2011 15 Because of the fertile soils and the high level of rainfall, the District of Mé-Zochi has a significant production of food, in particular fruits and vegetables (milk, beans, etc.) and supplies the other parts of the country, as well as the capital with agricultural products. According to a study carried out in the preparation of the Second National Communication16 it is estimated that the temperature can increase by 2oC and there may be a decrease in precipitation from 15% to 2100. This was accompanied by a decrease in precipitation in the months of March, April and May. On the one hand, a temperature increase associated with a slight reduction in precipitation may increase production, but on the other hand, insects and bacteria may have better conditions and this may negatively affect the production of vegetables, fruits etc. The increase in temperature may also result in a migration of crops to other areas with more propitious microclimates. As São Tomé and Príncipe has several microclimates, climate change may have different effects dependent on the microclimate17. 16 Evaluation of the Climate Evolution of São Tomé and Príncipe - Penhor, M.; Vaz, B.; Neves, M. (2011) 17 V&A compilation STP 2011 The agrarian reform in São Tome and Principe With independence all the land in São Tome and Principe is nationalized. An agrarian reform began in 1985 that it allowed to distribute, in various forms and pathways near 10,500ha of land, that is 20% of the agricultural area, about 450 beneficiaries in a process called “development of the citizen”. From 1985 to 1987, 322 concessions were granted representing a total surface of about 1000ha. The beneficiaries have the right to enjoy the parcels over a period ranging from 2 to 20 years. In general, this first distribution allowed to regulate situations in fact existing long ago in relation to small terrains, often less than 1ha. On 31 October 1987, Decree-Law 32/87 instructs the Government to draw up a programme to transfer the management of abandoned lands belonging to the State. Decree Law 34/88 of 10 September 1988 authorized the Government to dispropriate 54 “dependences” of 10 major races in order to distribute them to individuals for their valuation. These texts were formed by a Decree of application 23/88 of 14 June 1988 laying down the conditions of assignment. They allowed 130 farms to be distributed on a total surface of 9.000ha. Theoretically these lands belong to the State and cannot be ceded in a graceful or costly manner, except in certain cases well defined and limited by the Law. The negotiations of a second phase of agrarian reform began in 1991 between the STP Government and the World Bank. As of 1993 the “project” distributed 27.121ha of land, 19.362ha were delivered to small family producers while 7.759ha were delivered to average agricultural entrepreneurs. At the same time 8,872 family farmers and 230 average agricultural entrepreneurs were created. (Source: Strengthening legal and institutional capacities in the fight against soil degradation and deforestation in São Tome and Principe. UNDP). 16 There are cooperatives that organize farmers, but there are also many independent producers. According to participants in the community of the District of Mé-Zochi there is a low will in the population to enter collective structures for the solution of common problems. Many people prefer to act individually. According to them this contributes to poor management of common infrastructure, low appropriation of infrastructure built for the benefit of communities and frequent infringements, for example illegal logging of trees, unauthorized water links etc. In agriculture both women and men, perform the tasks, while are the men who go fishing. In the certified tour guides there is a woman. In agriculture the coffee planting period, is postponeing it from September and October to November and December because of the late start of rains. The forecast for increased rainfall and temperature may cause a considerable decrease in productions, caused by the incidence of plant diseases and also by the flooding of parcels, causing plant death and consequently the reduction of crop areas. A decrease in precipitation and increased temperature may cause the same effect in these crops due to the proliferation of pests and the water deficit of the soil. These factors may lead to the reduction of crop areas. Climate change adaptation projects The project implemented by the UNDP with funding of GEF called Strengthening the capabilities of rural communities for adaptation and subsistence options resilient to the effects of climate change in São Tomé and Príncipe covers the District of Mé-Zochi (CMPLCL). The project began in 2014 and ends in 2020. The project carried out a rapid participatory survey in 2015 that pointed out vulnerable area to climate change with the need for interventions. Within this project, five greenhouses were built in 2016 for the production of vegetables. The Bom Sucesso irrigation system has also been expanded. Farmers Association of Good Success There are 150 farmers in the Good Success Community of which 36 are members of the association. Members pay a monthly quota of 20 NDS. The association has a meeting room seat and a newly built block for future selling agricultural inputs. The association generates the Bom Sucesso irrigation system, a shelter with flowerbeds at the Sede and a new greenhouse in Saudade. The goal of the shelter is to have seedlings of vegetables for further transplantation in the field. Canvas cover protects against strong rains from September to November. The association rents the beds for 20 monthly DNS. There is no differentiation of the price between members and not members. This investment is funded by BAD in the PRIASA Project. The association also received training on soil conservation by making terraces in the most steep areas. 17 Table 3: Seasonal calendar for the District of Mé-Zochi (The large crosses indicate that the activity happens with greater intensity and the small crosses indicate that it happens with lower intensity) 3.4 Water resources São Tomé and Príncipe has a high water potential composed of more than 50 watercourses powered by relatively high precipitation indices, ranging from 1,000 to 5,000mm of rain per square meter. These water courses have an estimated total volume of 410.55 million m3, being about 4.93% used in agriculture, 2.98% used in hydroelectric production, 0.45% used for supply to the population and 91.64% unused. The largest river of São Tomé Rio Manuel Jorge originates in Mé-Zochi and runs through the district. It has a hydroelectric station in this river and several (one) irrigation dam.18 38% of the population has access to drinking water and the STP Government has the goal of reaching 80.5% in 2020.19 Reducing the flow of rivers, low access to drinking water and the lack of a comprehensive solid waste management system, associated with climate change, create a major challenge of water management and availability of clean water and sufficient quantities for the various types of consumption. The farmers cooperative of Bom Sucesso has the responsibility of managing different infrastructures built in the framework of various projects, such as the Good Success irrigation system. In 2005 a water tank with irrigation system was built, next to the Botanical Garden, which provided water to the downstream producers. This system was reinforced in 2016 by building a small 18 Source INE 19 Source INE Sector Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Ago Set Out Nov Ten Seed Agriculture (hortícola) X X (transplant) X X X Harvest X X X Direct Seed X X C.P. Plantation X X (X) (X) Cleaning and sulfatation X x x x x x x x x Coffee and cocoa harvest X X X X Liver X X X Tourism x x X X X X x x x X Fishing X X X X X x X x X tuna, marlin fish This dam, with its water ducts, was funded by GEF through the Reinforcement Project of the capabilities of rural communities for adaptation and subsistence options resilient to the effects of climate change in São Tomé and Príncipe (CMPLCL). According to the head of the Cooperative, Mr. Fernando, the irrigation system works and supplies the 150 members of the cooperative. The beneficiaries do not pay the use of water. He reported that it happens that non-member producers do illegal conduct for their fields20. During the CVCA process, the question of individualism was raised and discussed, by the participants of the Mé-Zochi communities, and in general, disinterested by cooperativeism and common solutions. This disinterest is often a brake on the development of the District. In the framework of an adaptation project in Milagrosa, also in Mé-Zochi, a cistern was built to collect river waters, that is, the tank fills with gravity. According to the community leader, 50 peasants benefited from the cooperative, but, because of the economic crisis, in the last few years, 50 more members have entered seeking support in agricultural production. 3.5 Forests, biodiversity and protected areas STP forest ecosystems are classified by practical questions as follows: a. The savannas, north and northeast of the country; 20 Visit to Good Success on September 15, 2017. Image 2: Water collection tank in Miraculo. Me-Zochi Image 1: The head of the farmers cooperative of Bom Sucesso Mr. Fernando at the small dam in the Manuel Jorge River. 19 b. Shadow forests, where cocoa and coffee plantations are interspersed with banana trees and other shade species introduced, such as eritrinas and the remnants of the native species of the low-altitude rainforest. Around 32.000ha; c. Secondary forests, which are abandoned cocoa and coffee plantations with a mixture of species of various ages and a great resemblance to the shadow forest. About 25,000. The primary forest, consisting of the fog forest that is the wet rain forest of altitude of 1,400 – 2.000m, constitutes around 846ha is subdivided into: a. mountainous forest, which has a coverage of 5.787ha; b. low-altitude forest, which has an extension of 17.710ha21. The primary forest, called Obô, is almost all protected in the National Park of Obô in the two STP Islands (Image 14)22. In the District of Lembá are present the shadow forests, the secondary forests and the fog forest. Most of the District is covered by different forest ecosystems. Closer to the main route and around the ancient gardens, the forest is mixed with banana trees, coconut trees, coffee and cocoa plantations and small vegetable gardens in a agroforestry production system. As seen in Table 1: Historical Profile Mé-Zochi was not regularly affected by more extreme weather events. Two events linked to forest cover are mentioned. The first in the seventies where there was a growing forest, probably linked to the abandonment of cultivation in the coffee and cocoa plantations that had a remarkable effect by the population an increase in rainfall. The other event is linked to agrarian reform where land has been distributed to many families, which has impacted the reduction of forest cover because many trees have been slaughtered. Despite the small extension of STP there are many microclimates, with different conditions of vegetation, soils and fauna. The temperature, precipitation and flow changes of the rivers will affect these microclimates differently23. Woody products The two STP islands have a total volume of wood standing 12.8 Mm3, considering all species, and 2.7Mm3 of commercial wood of the wood-producing species usable in the woodwork, 21 The 2014 FAO forest inventory uses data from 1990 is estimated the primary forest in 27391 there is. 22 The birds of Sao Tome and Principe with Annobón islands of the Gulf of Guinea, Peter Jones and Alan Tye, 2006 23 The 2011 STP Vulnerability & Adaptation report identifies several possible microclimate effects resulting from different climate change scenarios. Image 3: Coverage with primary forest 20 carpentry and construction. There are even more about 6.8Mm3 of wood with commercial dimensions, but of lower quality24. From 1980 to 2000, there was one under wood exploration in the Districts of Cantagalo, Mé-Zóchi and Lobata that led to forest degradation and the shortage of wood in these districts. For this reason, in the last ten years, the pressure to exploit increased in the Districts of Caué and Lembá. The illegal slaughter of trees has negative effects at various levels. With regard to the environment and climate change, erosion, forest degradation and biodiversity reduction can be aggravated. In economic terms, the use of this resource benefits a limited group of people in STP instead of society in general. A part of the slaughter happens in the buffer zone of the PNOST and even within the limits of the Park. The organizer of the illegal slaughter delivers chainsaws to community members, often young men from neighboring communities, who are paid to go to the forest to knock down the trees. Sometimes these men stay days in the forest in a simple “stack” from where they go looking for the larger trees that are knocked down and cut into boards on site. The coasters are left behind. When you have the desired amount, there comes a tractor that carries the boards to transport them to the outlets. As mentioned in section 3.3 agrarian reform also encouraged the slaughter of trees. Although this activity is not illegal, it contributes to increasing the risks of erosion, reduces forest cover and potentially drought. The production of charcoal, and in particular, and illegal logging of trees are the main threats to the forest. Wood and coal are the main fuels used by the majority of the population to cook, mainly in rural communities. Annually 3.000 bags of 50Kg are produced in the country. The maintenance of an intact forest cover is important for adaptation to climate change because it helps maintain the temperature where it has shade and attract rain, the trees are CO2 sinkers and protect the soil against erosion. Protected areas and biodiversity The Natural Park of Ôbo (PNOST), which was created in 2006, has a surface of 235km2, which constitutes 40% of the area of the island of São Tomé. PNOST forests are on the list of the 200 most important biological areas in the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). At this time the PNOST has only 3 trained guides that are employees. STP has the world's highest density of endemic birds25. Of the 75 birds that regularly occur in STP, 28 are endemic and 11 are endemic subspecies. . Because of stealth hunting and habitat loss because of urbanization, 11 of the 28 species are threatened, of which 4 are critically threatened26. The São Tomé Obô National Park is uninhabited, has no permanent human settlements due to the relief, high rainfall, difficulties of access and the inability of soils for agricultural activities. These are factors that, in general, have ensured the absence of great negative impacts by human action, although it becomes important the management of these spaces given the 24 National Forest inventory 1999 in Vulnerability & Evaluation, STP 2011 25 The Birds of Sao Tome and Principe with Annobón islands of the Gulf of Guinea, Peter Jones and Alan Tye, BOU Checklist Series: 22 2006 26 São Tomé and Príncipe, Bradt Guide, Kathleen Becker 2014 21 increment of human activity, such as unordered hunting, extraction of inerts, palm planting for wine and, above all, the disordered and illegal slaughter of trees27. Examples of climate change adaptation projects The project “Bioenergia in São Tomé and Príncipe – Energetic Biogas Leverage” aims to test the applicability of anaerobic digestion to the treatment of organic waste from households in rural STP areas. The project predicted the installation of five anaerobic digesters in rural pilot communities of the districts of Mé-Zochi, Cantagalo and Lembá, next to the buffer zone of the Obô Natural Park. The project was implemented from 2014 – 2016, with a budget of 658.000EUR. The project Conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of natural resources in STP, has funding of the GEF of 4.2MUSD and is implemented by the UNDP. The Director of Forests and Biodiversity and the Board of the Natural Park of Obô are the largest beneficiaries of the project. The project provides support for institutional reinforcement, through legislation review, integration of conservation and biodiversity issues into plans and strategies, biodiversity monitoring, 40 tax training, support for sustainable alternative income project in priority communities in the buffer zone and construction and rehabilitation of essential infrastructures. NGOs Birdlife International, Oikos and SPEA also implement a biodiversity conservation project and sustainable management of the Obô Natural Park, with funding of 2MEUR from the European Union, under the ECOF VIAC Regional Programme. The project implementation period is 2018 2021. The project has as main activities: (i) integration of environmental issues in the plans and policies at the central and local level; (ii) strengthening the Government’s ability to effectively promote “safe guards” in the area of biodiversity in the planning of socioeconomic development, (iii) improve the supervision for biodiversity conservation; (iv) support the authorities in the area management of the project in management and negotiation to establish partnerships; (v) support the sustainable financing of forest-generation alternative activities. 3.6 Tourism Considers that the tourism sector has a lot of potential and can contribute to the socio-economic development of the country due mainly to the extraordinary nature and biodiversity of STP. Tourism contributes 4% of GDP, around 13,000 visitors/year.28 As seen in the figure below, the evolution, in number of tourists, is solid despite fluctuations due to the economic situation in Europe and access to STP by air. Figure 1: Direction of Tourism and Hospitality taken from the Technical Report “The MMA proposal on São Tomé Island”, March 2016 27 Maneio Plan of the National Park of Ôbo 2014 - 2019 28 Informal source 22 The tourist attractions of the District of Mé-Zochi concentrate on nature, coffee production and the ancient gardens, namely Monte Café where there is the Coffee Museum and some restaurants and some gardens that have been transformed into small hotels. The District has several sites of tourist interest based on nature and natural beauty, such as the botanical garden, the Amelia Lagoon, waterfalls and the PNOST. In warm days, the fresh climates in the district's altitude zones also constitute an attraction itself. There are 11 trained guides that organize walks on foot or by car for tourists. The proximity of the capital facilitates half-day or one-day visits. The effects of climate change that can affect tourism are mainly torrential rains that will limit access to tourist sites and prolonged droughts that will make landscapes and cascades less spectacular. 3.7 Education The policy measures adopted in the country for the development of the education sector are primarily aimed at the enlargement and strengthening of compulsory basic quality education in order to achieve the Millennium Development objectives29. Basic Education has two distinct levels and has a school network with 75 basic schools operating from 1st to 4th classes covering almost all the localities of the country, working with about 400 classrooms, with a total of 720 teachers. The second level that comprises the 5th and 6th classes, works in a network with 16 schools. In the District of Mé-Zochi has primary schools and secondary schools. The compulsory six-year primary education in São Tomé and Príncipe is almost a reality, with a net schooling rate of 94, 1% and the gross rate of 126,2%30. The education sector was identified in the CVCA process as important for adaptation to climate change because adaptation will have greater chances of success with a population that, since childhood, is informed about techniques of adaptation to climate change. 29 V&A compilation 2011 30 V&A compilation 2011 Image 4: Cascade of Saint Nicholas 23 3.8 Health 90% of the population of São Tomense can access a sanitary structure between half an hour of marching of their residence zone. Thanks to the efforts made in the 1990s in the health area, mortality has decreased, making life expectancy of 59.4 years in 1970 to 63.9 years in 2001. It should be noted that the life expectancy of the 65.4-year-old woman is higher than that of man, 62.5 years. 15% of children under 5 are undernourished, 29% are within normal standards and 4% are above these standards31. Before the year 2003 malaria was the biggest health problem in the country and affected 80% of the population. Thanks to the interventions of the Malaria Combat Program, it significantly reduced this index and, in 2010, it affected only 3% of the population32. Updated and unlocked data from Mé-Zochi. Increased temperature and torrential rains can negatively affect the health status of the population: • Heat waves can influence the well-being of the elderly and aggravate health problems such as high tension, heart problems, among others; • Heat can generate better conditions for the malaria mosquito, bacteria and insects; • A higher temperature, linked to low health conditions, poor management of solid waste and stagnant water charcoals, can increase the malaria index and diarrheal diseases. These factors, along with torrential rains, may also affect water quality. 3.9 Fishing The District of Mé-Zochi has 5km of coastal zone, designated Praia Melão, where there is a fishing community. It was estimated, by the Fisheries Directorate, that fishing guaranteed 23.4kg of fish in 2007, level theoretically enough to ensure the needs in animal protein. 80% of the need for protein is ensured by fish consumption33. The sector occupies about 15% of the active population. Fishing accounts for 6% of national GDP, but there were times when it contributed more than 10%.34 Sea biodiversity with STP is particularly high. There are coral reefs and other marine ecosystems of great importance, also, for the population of the country. Higher temperatures may affect sea temperature and sea currents. One of the reasons why the fishing resource is particularly rich is the phenomenon of “upwelling” where the cold current of the Atlantic Sea and the warm current of the Gulf of Guinea are in the STP zone and create favorable conditions. A change in the temperature of the currents can change the course of the fish. 31 Ministério da Saúde no V&A compilation 2011 32 V&A compilation 2011 33 Fishing Direction referred to in Vulnerability and Adaptation in Sao Tome and Principe, 2011 34 Source INE 24 98% of fishermen are handcrafted and fish with tree trunk canoes from 3 to 8m. The artisanal capture reaches around 3,500 to 4,000ton/year, but there is theoretically potential to increase up to 6,000ton if they can go further in the sea35. Fishing usually happens in a narrow strip along the coast with little safety equipment. In recent years a large part of the fishermen have acquired motor for canoes, which, on the one hand, makes it possible to go further in the sea and more safely, but on the other hand, it can make fishing more costly because of fuel costs. Fish catches have not been increasing in recent years as expected, despite the various initiatives, on the contrary there is a tendency to reduce fish catches36. This suggests that the fishing potential and the exploitation of marine resources is now fully exploited or under exploited37. There are indications, in Neves and in the Blue Lagoon, that in 10 years, from 2001 to 2011, it was reduced from 20Kg to 10Kg the amount of fish fish fish caught by fisherman by faina38. At the same time, population growth forecasts show that fish resources and other marine products will reduce if there are no initiatives to increase production, which also goes through conservation initiatives to ensure the availability of the fishing resource in the future. Picture 5: Beach Melon 35 Vulnerability and Adaptation in Sao Tome and Principe, 2011 36 Technical report “The MMA proposal for the Island of São Tomé”, March 2016 37 Referred to in the Vulnerability and Adaptation report in Sao Tome and Principe 2011 38 Referred to in the Vulnerability and Adaptation report in Sao Tome and Principe 2011 25 4. Climate change and district development 4.1 Theory of Change V is ão All together for greater climate resilience Im p ac to Balanced Ecosystem Rational use of water resources Socioeconomic Market supplied with diversified quality agricultural products Healthy population with long life R es u lt ad the Best conservation of forest and biodiversity Clean and stable energy production Population with better quality water and sufficient quantity More informed and participative community in the areas of the environment and climate change. Safer and attractive tourist sites Increased production and agricultural productivity Lower index of diarrheal, respiratory and malaria diseases P ro d u to 1. Replant degraded areas 2. Awareness and knowledge campaigns on forests to biodiversity 3. Use organic waste for clean energy production 4. Signature of a protocol between the district chamber, PNOST, Direction of forests and biodiversity, communities and police 5. Better control in the wooden sales posts 1. Committee set up to manage the watersheds 2. Increased volume of water to supply the population, livestock and other animals. 3. Hydropower production 4. Awareness at all levels about the efficient and responsible use of water resources. 5. Maintenance and expansion of irrigation systems 1. Creation of school manuals on adaptation to climate change 2. Installation of renewable energy in teaching buildings 3. Strengthen literacy programs 1. Tourist sites with sun protection and rain 2. Improve local weather forecast for tourist guides. 3. Informational guide on the effects of climate change 1. Organic production 2. Information to farmers on the impact of climate change on agriculture and adaptation measures. 3. Water available and in quantity for irrigation. 4. Vegetable and fruit processing plant 5. Promoting the appropriation of materials and investments to ensure continuity and sustainability. 1. Elimination of points with stagnant waste water 2. Improved coordination and management in the health system 3. Qualified tables in health posts 4. Acquisition of means and health equipment and prevention of diseases. Five. Information and awareness of the population about good practices to avoid diarrhea, respiratory and malaria diseases. To ensure the stability of forest ecosystems to biodiversity Sustainable and integrated management of water resources Education: Improving population knowledge on climate change issues Sustainable tourism in a dream country Reduction of poverty through food and nutritional security Healthy population with long life 26 4.2 District views in climate change The matrix of the Theory of Change, presented above, shows the links between the products, the results and the impacts for the six strategic areas of intervention. The logic is that the actions identified produce a certain number of palpable “products” such as documents, campaigns, infrastructures etc. Of these so-called products follow a certain number of results such as: greater access to water for the population, better preserved forest, fewer people affected by diarrheal diseases, etc. In turn, these results have an impact as: more health, less poverty, socioeconomic improvements, etc. Link links are viewed with arrows. The Theory of Change must guide the District in the strategic planning and preparation of the implementation of the PDA. The vision of the District of Lembá that will guide the implementation of the District Adaptation Plan has been defined as: All together for the greatest climate resilience 4.3 Strategic Action Areas The survey process using CVCA identified seven strategic areas of action and for each one a strategic goal was defined: 1. Agriculture - Reduction of poverty through food and nutritional security guaranteed; 2. Sustainable and integrated management of guaranteed water resources; 3. Stability of forest ecosystems and guaranteed biodiversity; 4. Sao Tome and Principe – Sustainable tourism in an promoted dream country; 5. Education – the knowledge of the population on the topic of improved climate change; 6. Health - Healthy population with long life guaranteed; 7. Fishing. Action Plan actions will be developed to achieve each strategic goal. 27.4 Action Plan The Action Plan is prepared according to these six strategic areas, however, and as already mentioned, the industry area has been incorporated into the infrastructure area. This Plan lists the activities that can be planned and implemented at the district level, with the involvement of communities and in conjunction with their respective sector ministries. However, in the area of adaptation to climate change, there is a serious action that should be planned and implemented at the central level, such as: research and research on the effects of climate change and measures and adaptation technology, the elaboration of sectoral and national adaptation plans and major infrastructure works (e.g. in the Port of Neves). The implementation of the Action Plan is expected to take place in close coordination with the various climate change adaptation projects listed in Annex 1.4.1 Transverse actions In addition to the adaptation measures identified with the CVCA, some cross-sectional interventions were also identified that are necessary in almost all strategic areas. As constraints for adaptation to climate change, the Community Group and the ETM, highlighted the low degree of compliance with the law and regulations of the country. The lack of compliance verifies whether, for example, in a high rate of deforestation and illegal fishing and/or inappropriate means. Associated with the low compliance of the law is, according to participants in the CVCA, a non-efficient supervision that sometimes allows building water infrastructure, drainage, irrigation, roads, schools and health posts, without the desired/needed quality. An aggravating factor is that sometimes there are not enough funds for the maintenance of these infrastructures, so they degrade faster and become obsolete. It was also identified as a problem, the poor interinstitutional coordination, which leaves unique and isolated interventions without seeking integrated solutions. In particular, in the areas of agriculture and fisheries, the Community Group mentioned that there is a weak will to create associations and work as a team for solving common problems. This trend may negatively influence the ability to adapt to climate change because it limits the chances of cooperatives and other bodies that depend on coordination and work together. With the realization of these constraints, which touch all the strategic areas of adaptation, we identified the indispensable actions that should accompany the concrete actions of adaptation in all areas: 1. Disclosure in all strategic areas on biogas, tourism potential; 2. Sensitivity and formation, dialogue and exchange of ideals, fishing and sustainable agriculture, associativism; 3. Improvement of intersectoral coordination; 28 4. Improved law enforcement and regulations including assessment and supervision. 4.4.2 Agriculture - Reduction of poverty through food and nutritional security The adaptation measures in the agriculture sector are divided into management and awareness measures, on the one hand, and different types of construction, on the other hand. Two greenhouses are suggested for the production of vegetables that can complement the five already built in the District. It is also proposed to rehabilitate additional infrastructure for water storage, actions for soil improvement and conservation, planting shadow trees, promoting production and consumption of organic coffee and cocoa and building conservation infrastructures of agricultural products. Some of the techniques that should be applied are: the creation of shadows with erythrins and other arboreal species, the introduction of legumes culture for nutritional enrichment of the soil and make composting with the existing plant material in the plots for enrichment of the soil. In the case of horticultors, use of resistant seeds and adapted to climatic edafo conditions. Also, producers should be technically supported with portions of land vulnerable to erosion and non-profitable portions for the production of pastures and forages. To promote these techniques, training, training and awareness is suggested. A particularly important initiative is to raise awareness of communities in order to appropriate new infrastructures and ensure good use and maintenance. A cost of 525.000EUR is estimated for these initiatives. There are already projects such as PRIASA II, CMPCLC and the new project Strengthening Resilience and Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in the Agricultural and Fishing Sectors of São Tomé and Príncipe, which will be implemented from 2018 – 2022 with a budget of 20MUSD of BAD, GEF and the Fund for the Less Developed Countries. These projects support adaptation actions in the agriculture sectors. The District Council, together with the CNMC, will seek synergies with these projects. 4.4.3 Sustainable and integrated management of water resources First, the establishment of two Committees of Bacteria is proposed to improve the coordination and management of water resources. A serious infrastructure will be necessary to ensure the rational use of water for agriculture and also as a potential for energy production. Therefore it is suggested to build mini-hydrics, dams, water supply systems for irrigation and consumption. It aims to rehabilitate the dam and the Guégue hydroelectric plant to strengthen the energy and irrigation potential and to continue the construction of the dam and the Bombay hydroelectric plant. There is already a Rio Provaz Hydrographic Basin Committee that is a pilot located in the District of Lembá and others will be created with experience acquired on the river Provaz. To promote good use and maintenance is proposed sensitizations and training, the creation of cooperatives and coordination actions and the promotion, with the traders and sellers of equipment, peccas and machinery, to ensure access to the necessary products for the maintenance and repair of the built infrastructure. 29 The actions proposed in this strategic area are estimated at 9.006,000EUR. From 2018 to 2022 the project “Promotion of Mini-hydrics for the production of clean energy and water management”, by MIRNA and EMAE. The project that has a budget of 14MUSD and is nationwide. There is also a smaller “sustainable water management” project that started in 2017 and ends in 2020. The project has a funding of 1.5MEUR from the Government of Portugal 4.4.4 Ensure stability of forest ecosystems and biodiversity For adaptation in the area of forest management and biodiversity conservation it is necessary to reduce deforestation. It is suggested planting trees, promoting biogas production and exploring opportunities for non-forest production. A serious intervention is also suggested to improve coordination between the different institutions of the State, strengthen supervision and raise awareness of the population, especially young men, in order to opt for other activities that do not shoot it from trees. There are now, as mentioned above, two projects for the conservation of PNOST and biodiversity. The District of Mé-Zochi will investigate the possibility to have a part of the activities financed through these projects. 4.4.5 Sao Tome and Principe – Sustainable tourism in a dream country Tourism is a potential for economic development for the District of Mé-Zochi when it is well explored. Climate change may harm the good exploitation of this potential through prolonged drought that will reduce the beauty of the landscape and cascades of the district. On the other hand, intense rains can damage access roads and make the hiking bites inaccessible. The proposed initiatives are on the one hand focused on improving knowledge on the relationship between climate change and the tourism sector, training of tourist guides on climate change and better intersectoral coordination. On the other hand, investment is proposed in improving small tourism infrastructures such as hiking bites that should be improved, mapped and flagged and have some shelter sites against rain and intense sun. There are now, as mentioned above, two projects for the conservation of PNOST and biodiversity. The District of Mé-Zochi will investigate the possibility to have a part of the activities financed through these projects. 4.4.6 Education – improving the knowledge of the population on climate change issues Students from schools, primary and secondary, will be the future protagonists in the effort to adapt to climate change. This is why school manuals and integration into the school curriculum is suggested to teach climate change and measures to adapt and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, district technicians also need to improve knowledge about climate change to lead the implementation of the PDA. For this purpose training must be organized at the national and district level for City Council technicians. Finally, at the community level, the literacy course should be supported, especially for 30 women, so that community members can more easily acquire knowledge about climate change and participate in public debate on the subject. There is a potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the construction and maintenance of school buildings. This is because energy is spent in the construction phase and in the functioning of schools. The Ministry of Education, together with the districts, should develop a model of building schools where the question of energy efficient use is integrated both in the choice of building materials and in the architecture of the building. It means that the indoor temperature should be regulated by creating shadows, with tree planting, application of flaps, use of crossed winds. It should also be thought of integrating renewable energies, such as solar panels in places where schools are not linked to the national electrical network. Concretely, it is proposed to install solar panels in three schools in the District of Mé-Zochi that are currently not linked to the national electrical network. 4.4.7 Health - Healthy population with long life Climate change, with increased temperature and precipitation, can make good sanitation systems more costly and costly. Stagnant water, solid waste and lack of appropriate health facilities, can create better conditions for bacteria and insects and thus increase the index of diarrheal and respiratory diseases and malaria. To adapt to climate change, better cleaning of drainage channels is proposed through regular maintenance and awareness of the population to ensure that channels are not clogged with solid waste. Generally do environmental education and awareness not to throw waste in improper places. In health centers and hospitals, training on climate change and their potential health effects should also be made. There is a potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the construction and maintenance of health buildings. This is because it spends energy in the construction and use phase of schools. The Ministry of Health together with the districts should develop a model of building schools where the question of energy efficient use is integrated both in the choice of building materials and in the design of the building. It means that the indoor temperature should be regulated by creating shade with tree planting, application of flaps, use of crossed winds. It should also be thought to integrate renewable energies as solar panels in places where health centers are not connected to the national electricity network. 4.4.8 Fisheries In the Melão beach area, measures are proposed to adapt and raise awareness about sustainable fishing and better monitoring, as well as the establishment of safe sites for boat parking and support the acquisition of non-wrought or mixed materials vessels. 9.15MUSD of the World Bank/IDA, International Water and GEF are guaranteed to continue the project by 2022. 31 From 2018 to 2022, the project Strengthening Resilience and Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in the Agricultural and Fisheries Sectors of São Tomé and Príncipe will be implemented to reduce the vulnerability of agricultural and fishing communities to the adverse impacts of climate change in STP, through adaptation measures aimed at increasing resilience of sectors, natural systems and affected communities. The funding of 20.6MUSD goes to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development (MADR). (See Project 32 in Annex 1 4.4.9 Budget preparation The budgeting of actions in the Action Plan was made: • using the experience of other projects that implemented similar actions; • using gross estimates for activities such as awareness campaigns, training, etc.; • gathering data in the field about various types of infrastructure to be built from root or rehabilitate. The budget serves to give a preliminary idea about the level of funding that is necessary to implement the PDA. For each activity it will be necessary to make detailed calculations in the preparation phase of the technical project. 32 4.5 Logical matrix of the Plan of Action and the financial programming framework of the District Plan of Adaptation the Climate Change of the District of Mé-Zochi Logic Matrix of the Plan of Action Sector: Agriculture Subsector/domain: Directorate of Support for Agriculture Development Axis of Government Program: Sector Programme: Specific Objectives Expected results Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta at the end of the period Hypotheses and risks Agriculture - Reduction of poverty through food and nutritional security guaranteed All farmers have agricultural products for family consumption and to supply the internal market Access to international climate funds for adaptation. Farmers do not adhere to production in cooperatives 33 Local Planified Actions Indicators objectively verifiable Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (103 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector/ Controller of the verification source Year n+1 Year n+2 to n+4 1. Creation of conservation and fruit and vegetable processing infrastructure Saudade, Bom Sucesso Number of warehouses with fridge, Number of transformation infrastructures (dried fruit flour production) 1 1 100 Members of cooperatives District Chamber, D of Agriculture 2. Conservation of large reservoirs for water storage for sustainable irrigation Saudade, Bom Sucesso Number of rehabilitated reservoirs 1 1 1 140 communities, cooperatives DGRNE 3. Disclosure the population of ongoing actions/ projects Milagrosa, Monte Café, Bom Sucesso Number of dissemination campaigns 3 9 15 communities, cooperatives DGA, D of agriculture, District House 4. Appropriation by the population of existing and ongoing goods Saudade, Bom Sucesso Number of actions to promote appropriation 3 9 15 communities, cooperatives DGA, D of agriculture, District House 5. Promotion of organic farming of cocoa and coffee Santa, Margarida, Miraculous Number of cooperatives created, Number of formations organic production 1 2 25 cooperatives D agriculture, district chamber 6. Use of organic compound Monte Café, Milagrosa Number of demonstrative sites 2 25 cooperatives D agriculture, district chamber, D of forests and biodiversity 7. Construction of greenhouses Miraculous, Monte Café Number of greenhouses built 5 1 1 100 cooperatives D of agriculture, district chamber 8. Shadow tree plant Monte Café Number of live trees after 1 year/ Number of ? 20.000 80.000 75 population D of agriculture, district chamber 34 Financial programming framework planted seedlings (50ha) 9. Improvement and conservation of soils in steep areas Monte Café, São Nicolau Number of fields with terraces 1 1 5 30 cooperatives Agriculture, district chamber Programme designation/ Priority adaptation area Programmed value (MEUR) Guaranteed value (MEUR) Financing Gap (MEUR) Year n+1 Summa of the Year (n +1 a n+4) 525 35 Logical Matrix of the Action Plan Sector: sector designation: Water resources Subsector/domain: General Directorate of Natural Resources and Energy Axis of Government Programme: Sector Programme: Programme designation: Planned actions Local Indicators objectively verifiable Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (10x3 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector / responsible for the verification source Year n+1 year n+2 a n+4 1. Establishment of watershed management authority In the river basin of the Manuel Jorge River and Abbot Number of basin committees 0 2 100 Population of Mé-Zochi DGRNE 2. Construction of dams Bombay, Guêgue Number of dams 1 2,400 Population of Bombain and Guêgue DGRNE Specific Objectives Expected results Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta at the end of the period Hypotheses and risks Integrated and sustainable management of water resources 36 Planned actions Local Indicators objectively verifiable Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (10x3 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector / responsible for the verification source Year n+1 year n+2 a n+4 3. Construction of water supply systems for irrigation and consumption Rio Manuel Jorge, Rio Abade Number of water supply systems for irrigation and consumption 1 3 2,700 Population DGRNE 4. Construction of mini-hydrics Roça nova, Java, São Januário, Platô, Guêgue Number of mini-hydrics 1 5 2,100 Population of STP DGRNE 5. Information, education and awareness at all levels on rational use of Mé-Zochi water Number of information, education and awareness at all levels on rational use of water 0 5 25 Sensibilizations 1.250 Population DGRNE, DGA, District Chamber 6. Monitoring the implementation of existing laws and standards Mé-Zochi Number of monitoring of implementation of existing laws and standards 0 1 1 1 per year 30 Population DGRNE, District Chamber 7. Access to the local level of Technologies including Mé-Zochi Number of coordination initiatives with the 1 4 50 DGRNE Population, District Chamber 37 Local Planned Actions Indicators objectively verifiable Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (10x3 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector / responsible for the verification source year n+1 year n+2 to n+4 materials for the population sellers and traders Financial programming framework Programme designation/ Priority adaptation area Programmed value (MEUR) Guaranteed value (MEUR) Financing Gap (MEUR) Year n+1 Summary of the Year (n +1 a n+4) 9006 38 Program Logic Matrix Sector: sector designation: Forest and biodiversity conservation Subsector/domain: subsector designation: Forest Management Axis of Government Program: Sector Programme: Local Planned Actions Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (103 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector / Check Source Resp Year n+1 year n+2 to n+5 1. Reforestation of degraded areas with indigenous trees of community nurseries Mé-Zochi 2017 22.5 Community s DF, District House 2. To strengthen coordination between police, district chamber, forest sector and the Mé-Zochi 1 community Memorandum of Understanding 0, 2017 1 1 1 Community DF, District Chamber Specific Objectives Expected results Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta at the end of the period Hypotheses and risks Reduce the downturn of trees by 15% until 2030 Strengthen restrictive measures and effective oversight against overthrowing 10% of applicable measures are met 39 Local Planned Actions Indicators objectively verifiable Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (103 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector / Check Source Resp Year n+1 year n+2 to n+5 3. Disclosure and awareness of the laws, standards and regulations Mé-Zochi Number of campaigns/radio progres/ flyers 2017 1 2 10 Community DF, District House 4. Strengthening forest control São Tome, Mé-Zochi Number of formations of deputies, councilors, police commanders on climate change and biodiversity, Number of regulations that return percentage of the fine to those who denounced, Increase in fines, Increase in apprenticeships. 0, 2017 3, 1 2 20 Population District Chamber, District Command 5. Promotion of PFNL marketing Me-Zochi Number of promotion actions, Number of pilot projects ? 2.1 3, 2 300 Population DF, District House 40 Planified actions Local Indicators objectively verifiable Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (103 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector / Check Source Resp Year n+1 year n+2 to n+5 6. Energy production from biogas Ototó, Miracles to Number of functional units 1 2 600 Community DGA, district chamber Financial programming framework Programme designation/ Priority adaptation area Programmed value (MEUR) Guaranteed value (MEUR) Financing Gap (MEUR) Year n+1 Summa of the Year (n +1 a n+4) 954 41 Program Logic Matrix Sector: sector designation: Tourism Subsector/domain: General Tourism Directorate Axis of Government Programme: Sector Programme: Local Planned Actions Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (103 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector / Responsible for the verification source Year n+1 year n+2 a n+4 1. Training of tourist guides on climate risks Mé-Zochi Number of trained guides, Number of formations 0 35, 1 2 15 Guides D tourism, district council, PNOST, D of forests and biodiversity 2. Creation of synergies between tourism and other institutions (PNOST, DFB, DGRNE, INM) Me-Zochi Number of Memorandum of Understanding 0 1 1 D.Tourism, community D.Tourism, district chamber, PNOST, D of forests and biodiversity Specific objectives Expected results Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta at the end of the period Hypotheses and risks Sustainable tourism a dream country 42 Local Planified Actions Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (103 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector / Responsible for the verification source Year n+1 year n+2 to n+4 3 Take a survey on the MC and tourism relationship in STP Mé-Zochi (National) Number of surveys, Workshop number 0 1 25 D.Turismo, district chamber D.Turismo, district chamber 4. Installation of shadow places and rain protection in the sights and main paths including 1st aid Good success, Bombay, Lagoa Amelia No of protected sites 0 4 6 50 Tourists, guides, PNOST PNOST, D. Tourism, District Council Designation of programmes/ Priority adaptation area Programmed Value Guaranteed (MEUR) Financing Gap (MEUR) Year n+1 Summary of the Year (n +1 a n+4) 91 43 Program Logic Matrix Sector: sector designation: Subsector/domain education: subsector designation: Government Program Axis: Sector Programme: Planned actions Local Indicators objectively verifiable Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (10 3 Euro) Beneficiaries Responsible sector of the verification source Year n+1 year n+2 to n+4 Creation of school manuals on adaptation to climate change, energy and biodiversity Mé-Zochi/ National Number of school manuals/ No of teachers trained in the use of manuals ? 1 2 100 students from primary and secondary schools DGA, Direction of education Specific Objectives Expected results Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta at the end of the period Hypotheses and risks 44 Local Planned Actions Indicators objectively verifiable Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (10 3 Euro) Beneficiaries Responsible sector of the verification source Year n+1 year n+2 to n+4 Installation of renewable energy in teaching buildings Java primary school; Primary school of Water of the beautiful; Milagrosa primary school; Number of schools and rural health centers outside the national network with renewable electrification? ? 3 80 DGA, Education Directorate, DGRNE Strengthen National Literacy Programs Number of adults with literacy certificate 20 Education Delegation Training/training of district technicians on climate change effects, renewable energies Mé-Zochi Number of training/training 1 4 15 District council, DGA, Education delegation Financial programming framework Programme designation/ Priority adaptation area Programmed value Guaranteed value Financing Gap Year n+1 Summatory of the Year (n +1 a n+4) 215 45 Program Logic Matrix Sector: sector designation: Subsector/domain health: Government Program Axis: Sectorial Program: Local Planned Actions Indicators objectively verifiable Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (x103 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector. Responsible for the verification source Year n+1 year n+2 to n+4 Elimination of points with stagnant waste water Trinity, Madalena, Bombay Number of drainage channels maintained and reconstructed in urban clusters (metros) 100 population District House, Health Delegation, DGRNE Best coordination and management in the health system Mé-Zochi Number of meetings chaired by the health alderman 2 8 2 population District council, Delegation Specific objectives Expected results Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta at the end of the period Hypotheses and risks 46 Local Planified Actions Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta Budget (x103 Euro) Beneficiaries Sector. Responsible for the verification source Year n+1 year n+2 to n+4 health, DGRNE Qualified tables in health posts in areas linked to diarrheal, respiratory and malaria diseases. Mé-Zochi Number of tables formed affections to health centers 5 health tables, population Health management Acquisition of means and equipment for adaptation to climate change Mé-Zochi Laboratory Material 50 Health centers Health management Information and awareness of the population about good practices to avoid diarrhea, respiratory and malaria diseases Mé-Zochi Number of information campaigns related to climate change (radio, television)? 1 4 100 population Health management, DGA, district chamber Financial programming framework Programme designation/ Priority adaptation area Programmed value Guaranteed value Financing Gap Year n+1 Summatory of the Year (n +1 a n+4) 257 47 Program Logic Matrix Sector: sector designation: Subsector/domain: subsector designation: Government Program Axis: Sector Programme: Specific Objectives Expected results Objectively verifiable indicators Reference situation, year n Meta at the end of the period Hypotheses and risks Ensure the use of fishing resources Implemented awareness campaigns on good practice, resource vulnerability and irresponsible fishing. Implement restrictive measures and effective supervision of Illegal and irresponsible fishing. Assessed and mapped the fishing potential Adoption of mechanisms for increasing the conservation and marketing index of fish. (Use of infrastructure...) Easing fishermen/fisherers groups Number of meetings and reports made Number of commissions /community tax teams created. Technical scientific report presented. Number of professional socio-groups created and report of productive and commercial activities of fish with quality Number of vessels and materials built/ More than 1000 fishermen, 1000 palaese and 60% residents informed and sensitized Reduced illegal/ irresponsible fishing in the bays and on the coast. Decrease the capture and marketing of small species. Established of production networks, conservation manipulation and marketing of hygiene-sanitary quality fish from the units/infrastructures created and or to create for this purpose. Build equip and make available to Fishermen's Groups in the form of subsidized credits for better safety and production guarantee Lack of funding Lack of seriousness and authority in implementing measures Reduced number of national experts Lack of disarticulated authority and interference from competent authorities and insufficiency of specialists 48 materials, adaptable, safe and environmentalist. Establish and allocate secure parks for vessels and fishing materials. and made available to groups of fishermen. 2 built parks of fishermen and consequent supply of the district and national market. Build two protected ramps with capacity to park up to 10 vessels each Lack of funding The non-implementation of activity by the specialized sector of the state Lack of funding, limitations of any specialized construction companies. Planified actions Locations Objective of the action Indicators objectively verifiable Reference status, year n Meta Budget (x103 USD) Beneficiaries Responsible sector and verification source Year n+1 year n+2 a n+4 1. Awareness and training of fishermen on good practices in the area of sustainable fishing and fishing Beach Melão 10 35 D.G.Pesca 2. Establishment of safe parking of vessels 20 150 Fishermen D.G.Pesca 3. Ensure the implementation of existing laws (fiscalization) Praia Melão 5 15 Pescadores D.G.Pescas D.G.Pescas 49 Population 4. Support for the acquisition of vessels with alternative materials (No wooden trunks) City of São Tomé 50 5 D.G.fish Programme designation/ Priority adaptation area Programmed value (MEUR) Guaranteed value (MEUR) Financing Gap (MEUR) Year n+1 Summa of the Year (n +1 a n+4) 205 50 5. Monitoring and evaluation system The Monitoring and Evaluation (M&A) of this adaptation plan will be guided by the ongoing procedures for the evaluation. This will allow no overload in the human, material and financial resources of the district. While monitoring will be a continuous process, a half-term evaluation is expected at the end of the second year and, a final evaluation, after the 5th year of implementation. A more detailed plan of monitoring and evaluation will be designed when implementing activities in the field. The following indicators resulting from the Theory of Change should feed the M&E system throughout the PDA. TABLE OF INDICATORS TO: NIVEL OF CASE 1: Agriculture - Reduced poverty through food and nutritional safety OE2: Stability of forest ecosystems and biodiversity guaranteed Data Source Indicator Base data and reference year Data Source Organic production There are degraded areas Information actions for farmers Replanted Number of farmers informed about climate change Number of awareness campaigns and knowledge about forests to biodiversity Organic production units of organic waste-based energy production Number of plants/ production units of processing of existing vegetables and fruit products Built Protocols/ Memorandum of understanding signed between the chamber, Forest Directorate, PNOST and cooperatives Number of cooperatives Number of checks at wooden sales stations Number of abandoned/degraded agricultural infrastructure Number of seizures Number of fines 51 OE 3: Sustainable and integrated management of OE4 water resources: Sustainable tourism in a dream country; Base and reference year data indicator Data Source Indicator Base data and reference year Data Source 1. Committee set up to manage watersheds 1. Number of flagged bites 2. Built irrigation systems 2. Number of simple shelters along the bites 3. Expansion of irrigation systems 3. Local weather forecast transmitted to tourist guides in useful time 4. Hydropower production units 4. Informative guide on the effects of climate change Five. Awareness campaigns at all levels on the efficient and responsible use of water resources. 6. Functional irrigation systems OE 5: Education – improve the knowledge of the population on the topic of climate change OE 6: Health - Healthy population with long life Base and reference year data indicator Data Source Base and reference year data indicator Data Source 1. Creation of school manuals on adaptation to climate change 1. Places identified with stagnant water often 2. Installation of renewable energy in teaching buildings 2. Water drainage established in identified locations 3. Strengthening 3.Measures literacy programmes to strengthen coordination and management in the health system 4. Number of tables formed in health posts 52 5. Number of health posts with adequate means to treat diarrheal, respiratory and malaria diseases 6. Information and awareness of good practices to avoid. diarrhea, respiratory and malaria diseases (cleaning, hygiene etc.) OE 7: Fishing – Indicator Base and reference year data Data Source 1. Establishment of vessels 2. Number of fiberglass/wood vessels 3. Number of monitors 4. Number of training on sustainable fishing B: PRODUCT LEVEL, RESULT AND INDICATOR INDICATOR INDICATOR BASE DATA AND REFERENCE YEAR Data Source 1. PRODUCT NIVEL Increased water volume for population, livestock and other animals Elimination of points with stagnant waste water Better coordination and management in the health system Means and health equipment and disease prevention. Number of guides with environmental training and climate change Number of schools with solar panels to cover electricity consumption Number of fines made because of illegal logging of trees 53 Number of planted shadow trees Number of farmers linked to irrigation 2. Better conservation of forest and biodiversity: Reduction of illegal logging of trees Increase in tourism revenue to PNOST Increased number of tourist guides with environmental knowledge and climate change Clean and stable energy production: Installed capacity for clean energy production KwH produced with clean energy Population with better quality water and in sufficient quantity: Number of people with water access Number of families with health facilities More informed and participative community in the areas of the environment and climate change: Tourist sites (miradouros, beaches, waterfalls) cleaner Higher level of quota payment in cooperatives Reduction in illegal conduct in irrigation systems Safest and attractive tourist sites: Number of visitors to the district Number of sleeping 54 Yield of the Picadas guides with good access and good signage Increased production and agricultural productivity: Increased production per hectare Increased production (selected products) Lower index of diarrheal, respiratory and malaria diseases: Malaria index Diarrhoic disease index Index of respiratory diseases 3. _ Market supplied with diversified quality agricultural products: Number of observations on health inspections in the markets Export Yield Farmers' income Degree of supply with national products Rational use of water resources: % of rainwater used Level of the largest stable rivers Water quality of rivers Quality of drinking water 4% Socioeconomic improvement: GDP per population Ranking in Development Index Human 142 of 188 (index 0.574) (2016) 55 Revenue of the aggregate family Number of families with food security Percentage of clean energy of total production Balanced ecosystem: Number of endangered or critically threatened species Deforestation index Healthy population with long life: Expectation of life Malnutrition index 56 6. Implementation This District Adaptation Plan of the District of Mé-Zochi was developed under the AMCC Project Reduction of Climate Vulnerability in São Tomé and Príncipe and with funding under the Global Climate Change Alliance of the European Union. The Action Plan has a budget of 266MNDS equivalent to 10,877.000EUR to implement 33 adaptation actions in 5 sectors. The Action Plan has a five-year period corresponding to the planning cycle of the Government of São Tomé and Príncipe. Strategic area Estimated budget (EUR) Agriculture - Poorness reduced through guaranteed food and nutritional safety. 525,000 Sustainable and integrated water resources management guaranteed 8.630,000 Stability of forest ecosystems and guaranteed biodiversity. 954,000 São Tomé and Príncipe – Sustainable tourism in a dream country promoted 91,000 Education – the knowledge of the population on the theme of improved climate change 215,000 Health - Healthy population with long life guaranteed. 257,000 Fishing 205,000 10,877,000 The actions proposed in the five intervention areas were identified as part of the participatory survey, which took place in February 2018, where community members, district technicians and the Multisectoral Technical Team participated. The implementation of the proposed actions, in addition to funding, also requires technical cooperation with various institutions of the STP Government, with the private sector, academia, civil society organizations and members of the Lembá communities. The PDA must be a tool for the District of Lembá, together with the Government, to draw attention to the need to adapt to climate change in the strategic areas identified and dialogue with national and international partners to ensure funding for its implementation. The PDA was presented by the District of Lembá at the Local Adaptation Seminar on Climate Change in the RDSTP, which took place on May 22, 2018, organized by the National Committee of Climate Change with the Sponsorship of His Excellency President of the Republic. They were present at this event, national and international STP partners. As mentioned above, the implementation of the Lembá PDA provides that several of the proposed activities are implemented through projects already underway. Other activities still have no funding provided. To ensure its implementation, the District Council will request support from the National Climate Change Committee 57 to lead coordination with the partners and institutions involved for good planning, financing and implementation. The implementation of the PDA should be accompanied by a quarterly regular monitoring, or at least half-yearly. The indicator matrix will guide the monitor. In the medium term, an evaluation should be organized, which will be led by the District Council with support from the CNMC and the ministries to the relevant directions. 58 7. Cataloguing list 1. Evaluation of the National Capacity for Reduction of the Risk of Catastrofes, São Tomé and Príncipe, June 2015 2. Climate Scenarios: What we need to know and how to generate them, Heru Santoso Monica Idinoba Pablo Imbach, CIFOR 2008 3. Participative diagnostics carried out in the district of Mé-Zóchi, in the rural communities of good success, longing, well-posed, Rio Lima and water of the beautiful, in the period, 10 to 21 August 2015” Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development “CADR” – Rural Development Support Center, STP in the framework of the project " Strengthening the capacities of rural communities to the effect of climate change in São Tomé and Príncipe in the districts of Mé-Zóchi, Cantagalo, Caué, Lembá, Lobata and the autonomous region of Prince 4. Participatory diagnostics carried out in the district of Lembá, in the rural communities of Santa Catarina, Ponte Figo ..., in the period, xx to yy of August 2015” Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development “CADR” – Rural Development Support Center, STP in the framework of the project " Strengthening the capacities of rural communities to the effect of climate change in São Tomé and Príncipe in the districts of Mé-Zóchi, Cantagalo, Caué, Lembá, Lobata and the Autonomous Region of Prince 5. National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, Democratic Republic of São Tome and Principe, 2010 6. Methodological guide for the elaboration of PDA, São Tomé and Príncipe, 2018 Malene Wiinblad, AMCC Project, elaborated on the basis of the Methodological Guide for the elaboration of Local Adaptation Plans (version V) 2013, MITADER, Mozambique 7. Preparation for the third international conference on sustainable development of small island developing states, Apia, Samoa 2014, STP 8 National Report. Technical Report "The MMA proposal on São Tomé Island" Study coordinated by Alessio Satta - President of MEDSEA, March 2016 9. Report on the survey of the geographical coordinates and location of the stations to be installed in the framework of the project Alerta Precoce, DGA, March 2015 10. Energy utilization of biogas, Bio&Energy, DGA 11. São Tomé e Príncipe, Bradt Guide, 2014 12. The Birds of Sao Tome and Principe with Annobón islands of the Gulf of Guinea, Peter Jones and Alan Tye, BOU Checklist Series: 22 2006 13. V&A Assessment in the context of the preparation of the Third National Communication (TNC) report for submission to the UNFCCC Secretariat, in fulfillment of the reporting requirement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) GEF/UNEP October 2017 14. Strengthening legal and institutional capacities in the fight against soil degradation and deforestation in São Tome and Principe. Project Document UNDP 59 Annex 1: Approved projects on climate change in São Tomé and Príncipe (adapted from the NDC National Report) Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Finance Direct Benefit Implementation Agency Available Duration Area 1 Reduction of the vulnerability of the capital of the country, São Tomé, to the associated risks of the extreme marine phenomena of climate change, reinforcing resilience and promoting the reconstruction of the bay of Ana Chaves for the tourist exploitation and development of the country. The first phase consists of different studies for information and design of the necessary interventions. Netherlands Enterprise Agency 650.000 EUR 2017 Sao Tome 2 Urban and Periurban Horticulture To stimulate practice and increase agricultural production in urban centres. Ensure food security. United Nations (UN) Direction of Agriculture and Development the Rural 340,000 USD 2017 National 3 Improving and Conservation of Soil Reduce soil degradation through good agricultural practices. United Nations (UN) Direction of Agriculture and Development the Rural 2017 National 4 Tato Program Enable local communities to engage in sustainable conservation and management of sea turtles, creating income-generating activities for different groups of society, and thus create a resilient protection and monitoring network to considerably improve the conservation status of sea turtles in critical nesting and feeding sites on the island of São Tomé. Lisbon Oceanarium, U.S Fish and Wildlife Services and private entities NGO Program Tato and NGO MARAPA Coastal communities in the districts of Lobata, Cantagalo and Caué 90000 EUR / Year 2003 2019 National 60 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Finance Direct Benefit Implementation Agency Available Duration Geographical area 5 Adaptation in Africa (AAP) Support for integrated and comprehensive approaches to climate change adaptation in Africa: Leadership, demonstration and capacity building in São Tomé and Príncipe Regional project that encompassed 20 African countries and within which the RDSTP was benefited with a subject called "Demostration and reinforcement of capacities ". It aimed to strengthen capacities, individual and institutional, to address the risks and opportunities of climate change, through a national approach to adaptation, comprising several actions from among which stand out: (i) Strengthening the technical capacity and leadership of the Government to tackle the risks and opportunities of climate change; (ii) Interventions at the level of productive infrastructure in the Lobata District (Irrigation systems, agroforestry program, sustainable environment). Government of Japan UNDP Directorate General for the Environment (DGA) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) Lobata District House 2.75 MUSD 2009 2012 District of Lobata 6 Adaptation to climate change in the coastal zone (PAMCZC) Increase the ability to adapt coastal communities vulnerable to adverse impacts of climate variability and climate change. Pilot interventions to reduce risks of coastal erosion in four locations considered among the most vulnerable on the island of São Tomé. Support for fishermen communities with distribution of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) World Bank (BM) Directorate General for the Environment (DGA) with the support of the NGO MARAPA National Institute of Meteorology (INM) CONPREC General Manager of Resources 4.1 MUSD 2011 2017 National (component 1) Communities (component 2) of: Santa Catarina (Distrito de Lembá) Ribeira Afonso 61 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Finance Direct Benefit Implementation Agency Available Duration Maritime geographic zone. Component 1: Strengthening of Coastal Previo Alert Systems and Maritime Security; Component 2: Coastal Protection for Vulnerable Communities. Natural and Energy (Cantagalo District) Malanza (Distrito de Caué) Prince's Autonomous Region (Praia das Burras) 7 Surveillance and Monitoring Systems, Notification and Verification (S & MNV) Regional Project for the Countries of the Congo Basin. The aim was to establish a suitable and operational institutional framework for the reduction of different emissions, related to deforestation and forest degradation (Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)), as well as the establishment of a forest surveillance system. One of the results of the project was the preparation of proposals for measures for the REDD+ Preparation State (R- PP). FAO / United Nations (NU) Commission des Forêts d'Afrique Centrale (COMIFAC) Fonds forestier du bassin du Congo (FFBC) 131.304.50 USD 2013 2014 National 8 Integration of climate change adaptation in development planning Awareness of the various actors of the country's socio-economic life to the question of the integration of the problem of climate change and its impacts on the development process, namely projects, plans and national development programmes. For this purpose, training actions of tables Ex Portuguese Carbon Background (current Environmental Fund) National Institute of Meteorology (INM) 570.851 EUR 2013 2016 No 62 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Funding Implementation Agency Direct beneficiary Available Duration National geographic zone at various levels were carried out both in São Tomé and Príncipe. 9 Integrated Water Resources Management Project (GIRH) and UEA in Small Island Developing States The project resulted from an integrated pilot water management experience in the river basin Provaz, in the District of Lembá. It was aimed at raising awareness, creating the management committee, a hydrological study of the basin and its reforestation. Global Environment Facility (GEF) UNEP General Directorate of Natural Resources and Energy (DGRNE) 600,000 USD 2013 2016 Lembá District 1 0 Employment and value creation in waste management Promote and operationalize local productive initiatives aimed at the enhancement of waste, through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), in the urban communities of the districts of Mé-Zochi, Lobata, Lembá, Caué and Cantagalo. Camões, I.P. EU NGO TESE District Camara de Mé-Zochi District Camara de Lobata District Camara de Lembá District Camara de Caué District Camara de Cantagalo 495.232,36 EUR 2013 2016 District of Mé-Zochi District of Lobata District of Lembá District of Caué District of Cantagalo 1 1 Precoce Alert Project “Reinforcement of climate information and Early Alert systems in the RDSTP through the development of resilience and adaptation to climate change Two-component design: (i) The transfer of technologies to climate and environmental monitoring infrastructure; (ii) Integrated climate records in development plans and early warning systems. The geographical coordinates of the 44 hydrological and meteorological stations were surveyed at the level of the island of São Tomé. There is no elaboration of threat maps. Global Environment Facility (GEF) Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) UNDP Directorate General for the Environment (DGA) National Institute of Meteorology (INM) CONPREC General Directorate of Natural Resources and Energy (DGRNE) 4 MUSD 2014 2018 National 63 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Funding Implementation Agency Direct beneficiary Available Duration Area 1 2 Project AMCC STP Reduction of Climate Vulnerability in STP To support the RDSTP in an effective and durable process of adapting to instability and climate change. Results to achieve:R1 Ability to implement the project of the contracting authority and the cell of the reinforced project;R2 Institutional framework and enhanced skills on the basis of an analysis of legislation and the institutional framework of climate change in São Tomé and Príncipe and the policies, strategies, action plans and other existing instruments;R3 Training plan implemented;R4 Detailed Vulnerability Studies of the Districts of Lembá and Mé-Zochi and elaborate adaptation plans;R5 System of monitoring and management of information in the field of climate change implemented. European Union (EU) Directorate General for the Environment (DGA) Directorate General for the Environment (DGA) National Committee for Climate Change (CNMC) District Chamber of LembáCamara District of Mé Zochi 3 MEUR 2014 2019 National District of LembáDistrito de Mé-Zóchi 1 3 Integrated Systemic Eco Approach Project for Biodiversity Management and Conservation under the Commercial Small Agriculture Support Project (PAPAC) The PAPAC followed two projects, the National Project to Support the Promotion of Family Agriculture (PNAPAF) and the Participatory Support Program for Family Agriculture and Handcrafted Fishing (PAPAFPA), with the aim of continuing the path undertaken in reducing poverty in rural areas and food insecurity. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) /United Nations (NU) Global Environment Facility (GEF) National Committee for Climate Change (CNMC) Directorate General for the Environment (DGA) Directorate General for Fisheries (DGP) National Meteorology Institute (INM) 6 MUSD 2014 2020 64 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Finance Direct Benefit Implementation Agency Available Duration Area 1 4 Reduction of Risk and Reinforcement of Resilience Urban in Lusophone Africa Increased levels of understanding and technical knowledge of municipal authorities, thus improving their ability to integrate risk reduction and resilience in urban and municipal strategic plans. UNHABITAT / United Nations (NU) NGO Thesis District Camara of Lobata District Camara of Mé-Zochi 559.000 USD 2015 District of Lobata District of Mé-Zóchi 1 5 Strengthening the Civil Society and Stakeholders relevant to participation in institutional building biodiversity conservation policies and sharing benefits in STP (FORBIOSTP) Contribute to the institutional construction of public conservation policies, sustainable biodiversity use and benefit sharing in São Tomé and Príncipe. Activities developed:A.1: Organizational diagnosis and organizational development of the Bio Network and its members; A.2: Technical training program on sustainable biodiversity use; A.3: Enlargement of the Bio Network to RAP; A.4: Communication, Marketing and International Relations of the Bio Network; A.5: Awareness Program and (information)training of relevant public actors; A.6: Analysis of public policies and existing legislation in the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity; A.7: Implementation of proposals for revision and improvement of national legislation and the institutional architecture of biodiversity governance in STP; A.8: Training of local technicians and leaders in the areas of tourism and export ranks; A.9: European Union census (EU)Instituto Camões NGO Oikos Partners: Action for agribusiness development and environmental protection (ADAPPA)Association for cooperation and development (ACTUAR) Bio NGO Network of Prince 539.761,50 EUR 2015 2017 National 65 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Funding Implementation Agency Direct beneficiary Available A.10: Rapid and Participative Assessment of Ecosystem Services on the island of the Prince and socialization; A.11: identification of Financing/investment Sources and Development Partners Bureau. 1 6 Inclusive development of the District of Lembá (DILEMBA) Promote an inclusive and empowered society in the District of Lembá that participates in the sustainable local development process. Results achieved: R.1 District of Lembá endowed with an integrated district plan of sustainable local development and the city of Neves endowed with a territory planning plan; R.2 The local Communities are strengthened and are more active in defining and implementing local sustainable development strategies; R.3 CDL is more empowered and there are conditions for implementing environmental conservation laws and regulations; R.4 Population is more sensitive and informed about environmental and conservation issues; R.5Children of employment opportunities in the related sectors European Union (EU) NGO ASSOCIAZIO NE ALISEI NGO ASSOCIAZIONE ALISEI District Chamber of Lembá 484.256,59E UR 2015– 2018 District of Lembá 66 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Funding Implementation Agency Direct beneficiary Available Duration Area with ecotourism and conservation 1 7 Adaptation in the countryside: Strengthening the capacity of rural communities in resilience options in rural areas (CMPLCL) Strengthen resilience of subsistence options for rural communities against the impacts of climate change in some districts of RDSTP, and the range of the following results: R1. Strengthening the capacities of CATAP, CIAT, DGA, Autarchy, etc.; R2. Reduction of the risks of climate change and vulnerability through the realization of adequate infrastructure and risk management;R3. 6 districts and 30 communities with annual and multiannual adaptation plans. It also covers the strengthening of institutional capacity and communities and the identification of adaptive options for thirty more vulnerable communities to climate change in the RDSTP. Also, and in accordance with your sub Result 1.6, Activity 1.6.1 empowering DGA technicians in Geographic Information System (GIS) in the field of integration of climate change risks in the monitoring of the evolution of São Tomé and Príncipe ecosystems, provides for the formation of 14 national technicians in: IGI and Analysis and Photointerpretation of satellite image, as well as the production of maps of vulnerability to climate change. Global Environment Facility (GEF) UNDP Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) Directorate for Agriculture (DGAP) in partnership with:• Agronomic and Technological Research Centre (CIAT);• Rural Development Support Centre (CADR);• Agro Pecuário Technician (CATAP);• Regional Government of the Prince• District ChambersCONPR EC 4 MUSD 2015 2020 District of Caué District of Cantagalo District of Mé-Zochi District of Lembá Lobata Prince 67 Autonomous Region Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Finance Direct Benefit Implementation Agency Available Duration Area 1 8 Multisector Investment Plan to integrate climate and disaster resilience in the management of São Tomé and Príncipe's coastal zone Development of a multi-sector investment plan for the ISDN Government for project management, planning and financing to improve climate and disaster resilience in coastal areas. World Bank (BM) General Planning Directorate (DGP) Directorate General for the Environment (DGA) 130,000 USD 2016 National 1 9 Promotion of hydroelectric energy in a sustainable and resilient way to the climate through an approach that integrates land and forest management The project addresses issues such as access to energy, deforestation and land use in the RDSTP (sustainable management of degraded agricultural land and forests). As well as, it provides for the creation of a guarantee fund with the Central Bank and support in the area of legislation for the production of renewable energy by private investors through purchasing, production and energy distribution protocols at national level. Components: Policy and regulatory framework for investment in the energy sector and integrated river basin management; Investment promotion; Integrated land use and sustainable management of forests and natural resources; Awareness and dissemination of experience/good practice/litions. Global Environment Facility (GEF) UNDP Ministry of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment (MIRNA) / DGRNE Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) / Directorate of Forest and Agriculture District Camaras 5,2MUSD 2016 2021 National 2 0 Support to the agricultural ranks of Promoting the resurgence of the country's economy and the creation of the European Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and the 6,75MEUR 2016 2021 National 68 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Funding Direct Beneficiary Implementation Agency Available Duration Export geographic zone" of São Tomé-e Príncipe jobs by strengthening the agricultural export sectors. Improve the quality and quantity of sustainable domestic production of traditional and new export crops and consolidate their access and recognition in external markets. Four results: (1) the strengthening of state support structures (research, training and extension), so that they can provide useful and efficient services to the various actors working in major agricultural export sectors; (2) improve the capacity of the MADR to develop the legal framework and information systems; (3) the increased productivity of the agricultural export sectors and the profitability of the production units; and (4) consolidate the insertion of the country's products into external markets through the improvement of its quality and international recognition. Development (EDF) / European Union (EU) Rural Development (MADR) in coordination with: - National Industrial Property Service (SENAPI), private sector (exporters), National Federation of Small STP Farmers (FENAPA), and STP NGO Federation (FONG) Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Communities (MNEC) 2 1 Development of the national planning plan of the territory of the RDSTP, district management plans and their framework legislation and Contribute to sustainable poverty reduction, ensuring a harmonious development of the national territory and a better distribution of the population and activities, paying special attention to the limitations and potential of the natural environment, the socio-economic specificities of the regions and the African Development Bank Ministry of Finance, Commerce and Blue Economy (MFCEA) Ministry of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment 2.96 MUSD 2017 2018 National Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Funder Implementation Agency Direct beneficiary Amount available Duration Geographic zone reference cartography environmental protection. The specific objective of the study is to provide the central administration and local authorities with a planning framework that prioritizes a coherent, integrated and inclusive approach to the use of national soil. (MIRNA) Direction of Geographic and Registration Services 2 2 Targeted Support to Understand Risks, Plan for and Mobilize Funds Towards Building Climate Resilience in STP Increase institutional capacity to plan and develop resilient projects. Production of a set of concepts for projects and the complete preparation of a project that prioritizes coastal protection. World Bank NDC Support Facility (NDC SF) / World Bank (BM) National Committee for Climate Change (CNMC) Directorate General for the Environment (DGA) Directorate General for Fisheries (DGP) National Institute of Meteorology (INM) 300.000 USD 2017 2018 National 2 3 All and all protect the environment of Mé-Zochi Contribute to the improvement of environmental quality in the District of Mé Zochi. Activities developed:A.1: Purchase of a fleet of vehicles for the collection of waste, of machinery for the management of waste in the valuation centre and of an autoclave for the sterilization of hospital waste; A.2: Location and construction of a Waste Valorization Center;A.3: Establishment of a cooperative waste recovery company;A.4: European Union (EU) Fondo Extremeño Local de Cooperación al Desarrollo (FELCODE) Fondo Provinciale Milanese per la Cooperazion Fondo Extremeño Local de Cooperación al Desarrollo (FELCODE) Fondo Provinciale Milanese per la Cooperazione Internazionale (FPMCI) Camara Municipal de Mé-Zochi 503.100 EUR 2017– 2019 District of Mé Zochi 70 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Funding Implementation Agency Direct beneficiary Available Duration Area Implemented a Program Management and enhancement of Solid Waste and environmental surveillance; A.5: Internships of technicians in Spain and Italy;A.6: Realisation of information and awareness campaigns, environmental education workshops, informative journeys addressed to traders, medical personnel, the general population. and Internazional and (FPMCI) 2 4 Sustainable water management Ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Government of Portugal Environmental Fund Aguas de Portugal International 1.500.000 EUR 2017 2020 National 2 5 Sustainable management of fishing in the South of São Tomé Island (Kike da mungu) To contribute to the sustainability of fisheries, the conservation of marine biodiversity and food security of the holy populations: R.1: Improved knowledge of the coastal marine environment and the dynamics of fishing resources; R.2: Improved mechanisms and capacities for concertation and supervision in the shared governance process and decision-making on the participative and sustainable management of fisheries; A.3: Improving fish catch conditions for fishermen and the economic recovery of fishery products. European Union (EU) Instituto Camões NGO Oikos Partner: NGO MARAPA fishermen and palaiés operating in the south of ST 581.084.90 EUR 2017– 2020 South of the Island of São Thomas 2 6 Energy Sector Recovery Project To increase renewable energy generation and improve the reliability of the World Bank (BM) Ministry of Finance, Trade and 29 MUSD 2017 2021 71 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Finance Direct Benefit Implementation Agency Available Duration Geographic zone electricity supply: 2.2 MW of hydropower generation capacity rehabilitated within the project; Reduction of electrical losses per year in the project area up to 33%. The project will support the rehabilitation of the Contador Hydroelectric Plant, along with its transmission network and distribution facilities, as the first step towards using more hydropower. The project will also implement reforms in the energy sector, particularly within the Water and Electricity Company, EMAE, and its regulator, AGER. European Investment Bank (EIB) Blue Economy (MFCEA) Water and Electricity Company (EMAE) 2 7 Support for the management of the National Parks São Tomé (PNOST) and Prince (PNOP) Support the management of the National Parks Obô in São Tomé and Príncipe. European Development Fund (EDF) /European Union (EU) Programme Régional d'Appui aux Ecosystèmes Fragilisés d'Afrique Centrale (ECOFAC-6) Bird internationallife Partners: OIKOS, SPEA, RSPB Direction of São Tomé National Park (MADR) National Park Direction Prince's Obô (MADR/GR) 2 MEUR 2017 2022 PNOST + PNOP (including buffer zones) 2 8 Project for the Rehabilitation of Infrastructure Support for Main Activities:• Sustainable land and water management techniques in 150ha;• Techniques for efficient water management, collection and African Development Bank (BAD) PRIASA II Implementation Unit 3.5 MUSD 2018 2020 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT2 NT Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Finance Direct Benefit Implementation Agency Available Duration Geographical area Food safety (PRIASA II) conservation;• Installation of 20 fish aggregation devices;• Establishment and supply of equipment for pilot fish ponds / agriculture / aquaculture;• Protection against coastal erosion;• Reforestation located in 100ha for windbreaks, coastal protection and for reduction of soil erosion and coastline;• Introduction of technologies to reduce deforestation and wood consumption;• Supply of fishing equipment and technologies to reduce vulnerability to variable weather patterns;• Awareness, awareness and capacity building at the community and institutional level regarding adaptation • Knowledge and data management / studies to improve the preparation for the CC and to inform the planning of adaptation. Global Environment Facility (GEF) 2 9 Strategic Renewable Energy Promotion and Investments in Energy Efficiency in the São Tomé and Príncipe Electrical Sector Promote investments in renewable energy solutions and energy efficiency with high GEE emissions reduction and local value creation potential in the Global Environment Facility (GEF) World Bank (BM) European Union (EU) African Development Bank of United Development Ministry of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment (MINRE) Project Administration Fiduciary Agency (AFAP) Center of 1,575,571 USD 2018 2021 Nationality 73 Project designation Description and objectives / Main components Finance Direct Benefit Implementation Agency Available Duration Area (BAD) Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) Economic Community of West African States (ECD) 3 0 Adaptation to climate change in the coastal zone. (WACA, second phase of PAMCZC) Reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities to natural disasters and climate change. Extension of first phase activities and consolidation of results. Intervention in coastal areas and support for communities in the Global Environment Facility (GEF) coastal zones International Water Developmen t Association (IDA) / World Bank (BM) Directorate General of the Environment (DGA) National Institute of Meteorology (INM) National Council of Preparation and Responses to Catastrophes (CONPREC) Directorate General for Fisheries (DGP) Directorate General for Natural Resources and Energy (DGRNE) 9,15 MUSD 2018 2022 National Rio Grande (Distrito Caué) Beach Melão (Distrito de Me-Zóchi) Pantufo, Loxinga, Gamboa, Cruz (Distrito de Agua Grande) Micolo (Distrito de Lobata) Abade and Santo António (Autónoma do Príncipe Region) 3 1 Promotion of mini-hydrics for the production of clean energy and water management Increased use of renewable energy sources for public, commercial and domestic consumption Ministry of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment (MIRNA) Entrepreneur 14,13 MUSD 2018 2022 National 74 Designation of the project Description and objectives / Main components Financing Agency Implementation Direct beneficiary Available Duration Geographical area of Water and Electricity (EMAE) 3 2 Strengthening Resilience and Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in the Agricultural and Fisheries Sectors of São Tomé and Príncipe Reduce the vulnerability of agricultural and fishing communities to the adverse impacts of climate change in São Tomé and Príncipe through adaptation measures aimed at increasing resilience of sectors, natural systems and affected communities African Development Bank (BAD) Global Environment Facility (GEF) Least Developed Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development (MADR) 20,67MUSD 2018 2022 National 3 3 Conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of natural resources in STP Reduce soil degradation, protect biodiversity and promote resilience development to generate environmental benefits that are supported by national and local socio-economic beneficiaries Global Environment Facility (GEF) UNDP Direction of the Forests National Park Direction 6 MUSD 2018 2023 National