Country Programme Paper to end Drought Emergencies in the Horn of Africa

South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 1 SOUTH SUDAN COUNTRY PROGRAMME PAPER TO END DROUGHT EMERGENCIES IN THE HORN OF AFRICA March 2014 South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 2 CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . Error! Bookmark not defined.Error! Bookmark not defined.5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 6 1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 8 2. NATIONAL AND LOCAL CONTEXT ............................................................................. 8 3. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE COUNTRY PROGRAMME ...................... 14 4. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE COUNTRY PROGRAMME ....... 16 5. THE COUNTRY PROGRAMME BUILDS ON EXISTING INITIATIVES .................. 19 6. COMBINED APPROACH FOR HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS ................................................................................................................... 22 7. PROPOSED AREAS OF INTERVENTION AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL ................. 24 A. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT .................................................................... 25 B. MARKET ACCESS AND TRADE .................................................................................. 28 C. LIVELIHOOD AND BASIC SERVICE SUPPORT ........................................................ 30 D. PASTORAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT .......................................................... 35 E. RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT .................................................... 36 F. PEACE BUILDING AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION .................................................. 39 8. REGIONAL PRIORITIES ................................................................................................ 40 9. IMPLEMENTATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AT THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL ................................................................................. 41 10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ......................................................................... 45 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 45 ANNEXES AND ADDITIONAL/EXPLANATORY NOTES ................................................ 48 ANNEX 1: SOUTH SUDAN RESULTS FRAMEWORK ..................................................... 48 ANNEX 2: PRIORITY INTERVENTIONS PER SUB-COMPONENT ................................ 70 ANNEX 3: OVERVIEW OF ON-GOING AND PLANNED PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS IN SUPPORT OF CPP PRIORITY AREAS – PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ...................... 82 ANNEX 4: OVERVIEW OF ON-GOING AND PLANNED INTERVENTIONS BY CPP BY COMPONENT AND SUB-COMPONENT ................................................................................. 98 ANNEX 5: MAPPING OF DEVELOPMENT PARTNER SPENDING ON NATURAL RESOURCES PER THEME ...................................................................................................... 115 ANNEX 6: PROCESSES AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS FOR THE SOUTH SUDAN CPP ............................................................................................................................... 118 South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 3 LIST OF ACRONYMS ASALs Arid and Semi-Arid Lands ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa AU African Union CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme CAMP Comprehensive Agriculture Development Master Plan CBPP Contagious Bovine Pleuro-Pneumonia CEWARN Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism CIDA Canadian International Development Agency COMESA Common Market for East and South Africa CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement CPP Country Programming Paper CPF Common Programming Framework CSO Civil society organizations DP Development Partner DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EAAPP East African Agricultural Productivity Programme EAC East African Community EAGC East African Grain Council ECF East Coast Fever EDE End Drought Emergencies ESA-IOC Eastern and Southern Africa – Indian Ocean Commission Countries FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations) FMD Foot and Mouth Disease FSTS Food Security Technical Secretariat GDP Gross Domestic Product GoSS Government of South Sudan ICPAC IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Centre IDDRSI IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency MAFCRD Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development MARF Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MENA Middle East and North Africa MT Metric tonnes MTDF Multi-Donor Trust Fund South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 4 MTP Medium Term Plan NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action NBS National Bureau of Statistics NGO Non-governmental organizations NHBS National Household Baseline Survey NPA Norwegian People’s Aid P/FFS Pastoralist and Fisher-folk Field Schools PTD Participatory Technology Development RSSFSC Republic of South Sudan Food Security Council RVF Rift Valley Fever SACCOs Savings and Credit Co-operative Society SIFSIA Sudan Institutional Capacity Programme: Food Security Information for Action Project SPCRP Sudan Productive Capacity Recovery Programme SSDI South Sudan Development Initiative SSDP South Sudan Development Plan SSGS South Sudan Growth Strategy SSLDP South Sudan Livelihood Development Project SSRRC South Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission SSP South Sudanese Pounds RSS Republic of South Sudan USAID United States Agency for International Development USAID/ OFDA United States Agency for International Development/ Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance UN-OCHA United Nations VSF Veterinaires Sans Frontieres WFP World Food Program South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of people and institutions need to be acknowledged for their involvement in the development of the South Sudan Country Program Paper. The process was led by an inter ministerial Technical Committee chaired by Dr. Loro Leju Lugor and later John Obita Pangech, Director General and Director, respectively, of the then Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development, South Sudan. Technical assistance for the development of the CPP was given by the Technical Consortium, comprised of FAO, ILRI, IFPRI, ReSAKSS , AU-IBAR coordinated by ILRI. Overall technical backstopping was provided by FAO led by Benoist Veillerette, TCIN, FAO Investment Center, FAO Rome, with in-country support provided by Dr. Elijah Mukhala, Technical Office, FAO South Sudan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, especially Ambassador Joseph Moum Majak was instrumental in the liaison between the country and regional activities. The CPP was prepared over a seven month period, from March to September 2012. The initial draft was prepared by Dr. Elijah Mukhala, FAO South Sudan, who was also facilitating consultations. A regional consultant, Dr. Sarah Ashanut Ossiya consolidated the initial draft and undertook consultations with a diversity of stakeholders including government Ministries and agencies, Development Partners, civil society and private sector. Appreciation goes to Cesar Guvele of USAID/MSI who convened and hosted the Development Partner dialogue. All stakeholders who were contacted are listed in the Annex of this document: their invaluable contributions and insights are appreciated. Comments were received from Technical Consortium Members which helped to improve the CPP. The document was then subjected to a regional quality control process that included regional discussions on key aspects, a process of integrating a results framework and a peer review by the Technical Consortium. The input from the stakeholders and the regional processes were integrated to develop the final draft that was validated at a workshop that brought together all stakeholders including representatives from all ten states. The validation workshop was coordinated by the National Coordinator, John Manyok and supported by an IGAD team that included Dr. Solomon Munyua, Dr. John Kabayo, and a regional consultant, Ms. Agnes Atyang, who facilitated the process. The discussions added rigor to the strategic direction of the document and helped to foment agreements on the implementation arrangements. The document was finalized and prepared for printing by Dr. Sarah Ashanut Ossiya with support of Task Team members in particular John Pangech, John Manyok, Allison Barnaba, and technical stakeholders William Olami and Martha Biong. All photo credits below to the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Master Plan: photograph 1 – 6 taken by Dr. Sarah Ashanut Ossiya, and photograph 7 David Lua during the CAMP situation analysis process. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In response to the recurrent crises triggered by drought in the Horn of Africa region, and especially the effects of the 2011 drought that affected over 13 million people, Member States of IGAD agreed to develop a program to end drought emergencies. The IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative was launched and South Sudan, like all other IGAD countries, developed this Country Programming Paper (CPP). This CPP, which was developed through a consultative process, articulates South Sudan’s 15-year strategy for ending drought emergencies and building resilient communities, outlining priorities, and a path for coordinated action and resource mobilization. A key challenge in developing the CPP was the lack of long term comprehensive data on drought and floods, and their impact in South Sudan. However the 2009 National Household Baseline Survey showed that drought and floods are pervading shocks that affect over half of the population, with some areas more, notably the drylands, more prone to climate shocks. Data also indicate that there linkages between drought and broader poverty and food insecurity patterns, and there is evidence for interlocking vulnerabilities between drought and natural resource based conflict. To date, climate triggered crises have generally been subsumed under other crises, and the main response has been emergency interventions that are insufficient to address both the short and long term effects of drought and floods. The strategic direction of the CPP is a two pronged integrated approach: first to break the cycles of emergency through instituting mechanisms for long term resilience and secondly to realize the latent potential of the drylands that are most affected. The CPP is therefore in alignment to the broader national thrust of moving the nation out of fragility through addressing both the emergency issues and the underlying causes that undergird vulnerability and perpetuate poverty. Strategic interventions are outlined in the CPPunder natural resource management, market access and trade, livelihood and basic service support, pastoral disaster risk management, research and knowledge management and peace building and conflict resolution. Some important areas are:  Addressing the causes of structural natural resource based conflict and insecurity as an underlying expander of the impact of drought  Strengthening the livelihoods, coping and adaptive capacity of households and communities in drought and flood prone areas  Articulation and appropriate development of dryland/ arid and semi-arid areas with a focus on agro-pastoral and pastoral communities to dislocate structural causes of vulnerability to drought and vitalizing the exchanges between drought prone areas and the national and regional economies that are important for resilience through market and road infrastructure and other appropriate investments South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 7  Delivering options that protect and or expand capacities including timely and appropriate humanitarian response, diversification and safety nets with a focus on vulnerable groups Given the transboundary and landscape nature of drought, regional priorities are also articulated. The priorities for the next five years are to be articulated in a Medium Term Plan, that will also act as the instrument for resource mobilization. The CPP also lays out the initial components of a Results Framework against the priority interventions, outlining the expected outputs and intermediate outcomes. A multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder approach is needed to bring an end to drought and flood related emergencies. In line with the partnership principles in the New Deal Compact for Fragile States, that South Sudan signed with its development partners in December 2013, the CPP provides a the basis for a Common Programming Framework, embeds leadership with government, coordinated action and mutual accountability among all stakeholders. The CPP therefore outlines a coordination mechanism that was developed through consultation and consensus building between government, development partners, civil society, private sector and other stakeholders. The Coordination Mechanism structure includes an Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee, a multi-stakeholder Technical Committee, and a multi-stakeholder Task Team. The Delivery of the CPP will be led by the Ministry of Environment, and designated lead ministries and government agencies will coordinate technical stakeholders at the component level. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 8 1. BACKGROUND 1.1 Droughts are an integral biophysical feature of thearid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) that predominate the landscapes of the IGAD region. The frequency and severity of droughts has increased over the last decades, and because of the insufficient and inappropriate investment, the coping strategies of ASAL livelihoods has been undermined, making them increasingly vulnerable to both acute and chronic food insecurity. 1.2 Following the recent 2010-2011 drought in Horn of Africa that affected 13 million people, causing loss of livelihoods, and famine in some areas, there was a call for new approach to addressing the recurrent drought crises in the region. Based on the widespread recognition that current trends and past experience dictate a new approach, Heads of State and Government of IGAD together with international development partners convened a Summit in Nairobi in September 2011 to discuss the drought crisis. The Joint Declaration from this summit called for reform of the emergency humanitarian response and for development assistance systems to enhance resilience and promote long-term solutions. 1.3 The Heads of State and Government tasked the IGAD Secretariat to draw up a strategic plan to guide and harmonize programs to end drought emergencies in the region. This culminated in the formulation of the IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI). Informed by the IDDRSI, each member state developed their Country Programming Paper (CPP) which is a 15-year strategy that identifies areas for intervention at both national and the regional level to sustainably build resilience to drought. This CPP will serve as a planning, coordination and resource mobilization tool for projects and investments required to contribute to ending drought emergencies in South Sudan. 2. NATIONAL AND LOCAL CONTEXT 2.1 South Sudan emerged from Africa’s most protracted war with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005, thereafter transitioning from the status of autonomy to full independence on July 9 th 2011 following a referendum on self-determination. Since 2005, as an economy emerging from conflict, security, political and governance reforms have taken precedence as overarching imperatives for consolidating peace gains, averting reversion to conflict, and for creating an enabling environment for development and progress. However, the GoSS(Government of South Sudan) Growth Strategy (2009) and the South Sudan Development Plan (SSDP) 2011 - 2013 recognize the need for concurrent and complementary political and economic reforms to stimulate and support broad based economic growth and democratic governance. Achieving rapid rural transformation to improve livelihoods and expand employment opportunities is one of the four core building blocks of the SSDP. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 9 2.2 South Sudan, unlike most other countries emerging from protracted conflict, is endowed with immense agricultural resources offering great potential for the country and for a region that is generally food deficit. The country boasts diverse agro-ecological zones of which 50% are prime land, but a full 80% is arable suitable for growing a wide range of food and cash crops. There is significant potential for high value fruit and vegetable crops and for the harvesting of dryland crops such as gum Africa. River Nile, and the ‘Sudd,’ the world’s most extensive wetlands, confer a huge irrigation potential that would increase the arable area and extend growing seasons. The water resources also have substantive freshwater catch and aquaculture fisheries potential. South Sudan has a potential sustainable freshwater capture fish production capacity that exceeds 200,000 metric tons (MT) annually, worth an approximate US 800 million, of which currently 140,000 MT are being caught (Republic of South Sudan 2013). South Sudan has the seventh largest livestock herd in Africa, with an estimated 11.7 million head of cattle, 12.4 million goats and 12 million sheep. In relation to the comparably low human population of 8.26 million, this gives the country the highest livestock per capita holding in Africa. The country’s livestock wealth is largely vested in the hands of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists who dominate the drylands and hold 43% and 47% of South Sudan’s livestock wealth, respectively. The remaining 10% being in the hands of urban/ peri-urban livestock keepers. Livestock has a great potential to contribute to economic wealth of the country: currently it stands at an asset worth of an estimated 28 billion South Sudanese Pounds (SSP), and generates approximately 3.2 billion SSP (approximately USD 800 million) of marketable value annually although most of this is consumed at household level (Republic of South Sudan 2013). 2.3 However, South Sudan’s economy is still under-developed, fragile and dominated by oil revenues which in 2008, during the oil price boom, contributed to as much as 98% of public expenditure. Oil exports contributed as much as 70% of the GDP in 2010. The continued reliance on oil has meant a constricted economic base that is highly vulnerable to political instabilities and the volatilities of global oil and financial markets. The inability to harness the full potential of the economy is attributable to the effects of decades of political and economic marginalization, and prolonged civil war, which resulted in the decimation of human resources and erosion of capacity, destruction of rural infrastructure and service delivery systems, and collapse of social and economic facilities including urban-rural market linkages. The transition from recovery to sustained economic growth requires resumption and leveraging of growth producing and job-creating private investment (USAID 2009). Agriculture sector led growth presents the greatest opportunity for development and growth of the majority of the population as over 85% of the population is involved in this sector, and is rural based. Poverty is concentrated in the areas of South Sudan that are most drought prone. This poverty pattern indicates that there are broader structural issues of marginalization and under development that drive vulnerability to drought, and perpetuate conflict for natural resources. Addressing the issues in these drought prone areas would therefore result in significant progress in stabilization of livelihoods, South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 10 reduction of poverty, economic integration and expansion of the national economic base as well as that of the region. Impact/ extent of recurrent droughts, in particular the 2010/11 drought on food and nutrition security and livestock. 2.4 Data from the National Household Baseline Survey 2009 (NHBS) show drought and floods are pervading shocks in South Sudan with over half (56%) of the population affected: indeed drought and floods are the most common natural hazards in all zones other than the Greenbelt, with some zones more drought-prone than others (Muchomba and Sharp 2007).Long term data to provide a trend analysis on the drought patterns in South Sudan is lacking in literature. In addition a multiplicityof interlocking natural and man-made hazards which drive the crises situations in South Sudan makeit challenging to delimit the scope, effects and impacts directly attributableto drought alone.Conflict is themost damaging hazard for livelihoods and basic food security in South Sudan (Muchomba and Sharp 2007), poorly managed response to drought and to the needs of livelihoods in drought prone areas contributes significantly to the proliferation of structuralnatural resource based conflict, insecurity and instability. 2.5 Between 2008 and 2012, South Sudan experienced two droughts; the firstin 2008/9 was followed in quick succession by a second drought in 2010/11. While in 2010/11 the drought in South Sudan did not unfold to catastrophic famine levels as it did in other parts of the Greater Horn of Africa, many parts of the country were adversely affected. Given that 85% the population is dependent on agriculture, with 90% reliant on rain-fed production, the recent droughts have had a marked impact on agricultural production, reversing gains made in increasing production and productivity. Cereal production, which had increased sharply in 2008, decreased by almost the same rate in 2009 due to rainfall deficits. Productivity was also greatly affected with cereal yields declining to less than o.64 ton/ha in 2009 and 0.75 ton/ha in 2010 compared to 1.01 and 1.25 ton/ha in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The cereal deficit in 2011 was estimated to be as high as 30% of total consumption, a conservative estimate in light of in migrating returnees. The two droughts contributed to negating achievement of agricultural sector targets espoused in the Food and Agriculture Policy Framework 2006 – 2011 of attaining food self-sufficiency by 2011, and of reducing poverty by 30%. Figure 1: Areas in South Sudan that are most drought prone South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 11 Source:IGAD. 2013. Drought Risk Map: IGAD Hazard Maps and Atlas Review of other trends in relation to drought. 2.6 The link between drought and broader poverty and food insecurity patterns: The highest levels of poverty are found in themost drought prone areas of South Sudan. Poverty is concentrated along the northern Sudano-Sahelian dry, sub-humid and semi-arid belt that stretches across Northern Bahr el Ghazal, where 75.6% of the population lives below the poverty line, Unity (68.4%), and Warap (64.2%). Other areas of significant concentration of poverty include Lakes State (48.3%) and Eastern Equatoria (49%) and Jonglei (48.3%), the latter two states being the most arid and most drought-prone in the country. In terms of food insecurity, in 2011 the five states that were most severely affected were the drought prone states of Eastern Equatoria, Warap, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Lakes and Jonglei. 2.7 Vulnerability to drought at the household level and along gender lines: NHBS data show that 65% of the population in the poorest quintile was more adversely affected by drought or floods compared to 44% in the richest quintile. Over half of the population (55.4%) lives below the national consumption poverty line. Poverty is concentrated among female-headed households which represent 28.6% of all households, with 57% of the population living in female-headed households living below the national consumption poverty line, compared to 48% of male-headed households. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 12 2.8 The interlocking vulnerabilities between drought, natural resource based conflict, and food insecurity: Broad overlaying of poverty maps with annual migration routes and a conflict map showed that conflicts over scarce natural resources were major drivers of crises (Figure 2 (a) – (d)). The conflicts ensued as livestock were migrated in search of pasture and water, a traditional coping mechanismduring the annual dry seasons and exacerbated by drought.Displacement, loss of human lives, livestock and other assets disrupt seasonal activities and prevented normal coping activities. 2.9 Drought and socio-economic/ trade relations:Drought also results in an increased need to trade livestock often in situations where there are poor terms of trade in relation to grain, further weakening livestock economies. Poor rural infrastructure, insecurity, multiple taxation and non-tariff barriers across the country serve to increase the costs of marketing of livestock and hinder movement and distribution of grain. 2.10 Natural, human, social and economic features of the drylands and ASALs of South Sudan While droughts and floods have a national character, being the most common natural hazard experienced in all zones other than the Greenbelt, some zones are more drought prone. Approximately 15-20% of South Sudan is drylands and ASALs (arid and semi-arid lands) and these are more affected by the vagaries of climate. To the north of the country is a Sudano Sahelian sub-humid, semi-arid belt that runs through the Western and Eastern Flood Plain livelihood zones that receive on average 400 mm rainfall annually, with dry seasons characterized by pronounced unavailability of water. (Muchomba and Sharp (2007) presented a comprehensive description of livelihood zones from which descriptions are extracted). 2.11 The Arid/Pastoral Zonewhich covers parts of Jonglei and Eastern Equatoria states is the driest zone in South Sudan, receiving less than 200 mm of rain annually: here drought is the norm for a zone with both low and highly variable rainfall (Muchomba and Sharp 2007; Technical Consortium 2012a). This zone is dominated by nomadic pastoralists for whom livestock is the principal physical capital, sold or bartered for grain and other essentials. There is still a dependency on wild foods and livestock products, with minimal crop production restricted to low land catchment areas. Migration, within South Sudan and transboundary in search of water and pasture is a necessity. Conflict and cattle-raiding are common in this area. Social networks are strong and utilized to spread risk. Recent growing settlement, partly due to relief interventions, has led to overgrazing and degradation of fragile environments. Due to erratic weather and more frequent (and more severe) floods and droughts there is an upsurge in the prevalence of vector-borne diseases such as East Coast Fever. Community-based animal health services exist, but are inadequate. Both formal and informal markets exist, and include cross border markets in Kenya, and Ethiopia. Conflicts and livestock disease constitute major shocks in this zone. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 13 2.12 The Western Flood Plains where both drought and floods are common, is the most densely populated livelihood zone, with 40% of the population. It includes parts of Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Warap (Tonji County), and Lakes. Agro-pastoralism, dependent on seasonal migration dominates the traditional economy, with land and cattle the main physical and capital assets. But due to disruption of markets during the conflicts, diversification into crop production is evident but is affected by drought and flooding. This area was greatly affected by the war, and kinship structures that were the main form of social capital where largely eroded weakening capacity for resilience. Infrastructure including roads and markets are in poor condition and there is lack of financial institutions. Inter-clan and inter-ethnic clashes are common risks: poor households especially in the northern parts of this zone are more vulnerable to droughts and floods due to the shrinkage of their survival options as a result of conflict. Many households are fragmented, and headed by women as a result of extended conflict and war. Figure 2: The inter-linkages between drought, natural resource based conflict and food insecurity in South Sudan (a). NDVI anomalies indicating areas affected by drought in South Sudan (b). Annual livestock Migratory Routes (Source: USAID 2011) (Source: Ministry of Animal Resources & Fisheries/FAO) (c) Mapping of conflicts in 2011 (d) Food insecurity map South Sudan 2011 Eastern Equatoria Lakes Warrap Northern Bahr El Ghazal Jonglei and Upper Nile South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 14 (Source; UN-OCHA 2011) (Source: FewsNet 2011) 2.13 Three other zones are affected by drought: the Ironstone Plateau Zone where droughts and floods are frequent hazards that manifest as acute hazards when experienced in successive years. Despite the zone’s agricultural potential, crop production is affected by drought due to the low water retention capacity of soils rich in ironstone. Exchanges and trade with the neighboring Greenbelt Zone are important. If there are no constraints to traditional coping mechanisms, the impact of drought is usually manageable (Muchomba and Sharp 2007).In the Eastern Flood Plainsareawhichcovers parts of Jonglei and Upper Nile drought is a periodic hazard. While the zone is similar to the Western Flood Plains, it is less densely populated and there is greater spectrum of pastoral livelihoods with even poor households investing in livestock. Seasonal fluctuations in water and pasture availability are often pronounced with longer seasonal migrations a necessity to access water and grazing resources and for fishing and trade to diversify livelihoods. The predominant physical capital is livestock and arable land, although there is less reliance on crop production than in the Western Flood Plains. Community based animal health services exist but are inadequate and hindered by conflict (both inter and intra tribal) triggered by competition for resources during the dry season, and cattle raiding that is endemic to the region. Social and kinship networks are strong means of risk management and extend cross-border into Ethiopia. Cross-border trade into Ethiopia is not uncommon, but is constrained by lack of roads and other infrastructure and inadequate transport means.Drought is not uncommon in the Hills and Mountains Zone which is dominated by agro-pastoral livelihoods. However, the impact of drought on food security is mitigated by the extensive cultivation of cassava and the access to labor for cash or food especially in the western areas of the zone. 3. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE COUNTRY PROGRAMME South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 15 3.1 Recognition that emergency interventions are not enough. South Sudan’s food assistance requirements remain high reflecting the perennial number of emergencies including those related to drought. The monthly load stands at 816,000 beneficiaries approximately 9.8% of the population. FAO/WFP estimate that at the peak of drought and other crises, the numbers rise to 2.7million persons out a population of 8.3 million. An FAO/GoSS 2011 survey showed that the drought prone states have the highest incidence of chronic food insecurity i.e., Warap, Jongolei, and North Bahr el Ghazal. Conversely, other than Western Equatorial (the most food sufficient state), these three states had the lowest percentage of their food insecure persons receiving food aid i.e., only 14.8%, 9.2% and 14%, respectively.This highlights drought and other related vulnerabilities as drivers of chronic food insecurity. This means that while in actual numbers more people in the areas of prevalence of chronic food security received food assistance, it was insufficient to reach the majority of the affected. 3.2 There are wider macro level ramifications: food to meet the deficits in the country is largely imported from the region as food aid, government purchase or commercial importation accounting for nearly half (43%) of all imports, equivalent to 12% of South Sudan’s GDP. Given the cost of food and other humanitarian assistance, this suggests that the issues related to drought cannot be addressed through mainly humanitarian action. Longer term resilience and development actions are needed that address the underlying causes. 3.3 Expected objective of the South Sudan country programme. This Country Program Paper outlines national priorities for strategic interventions to undergird deliberate action and efforts to end drought emergencies in South Sudan. The medium and long-term vision is that of resilient, productive, environmentally sustainable livelihoods, households and communities in drought prone areas and integration of dryland and arid and semi-arid (ASAL) areas in the wider economy, in a context of peace, stability and prosperity. The goal is to break the cycle of emergency (food crisis and emergency, erosion of coping capacities, the decimation of livelihoods, incessant natural resource-based conflict), and structural poverty that has characterized areas recurrently affected by drought, while realizing the latent potential of the drylands and ASALs to improve livelihoods, food and nutrition security and incomes, and foster economic growth and stability. This will be achieved by providing integrated support for strengthening resilience in all drought prone areas, enhancing dryland and ASAL livelihoods, developing their access to social services,improving productivity and links across the economy recognizing the wider exchanges that are important to the functionality of the economies of drought prone areas. This would encompass both physical and social connectivity. This will also require to ensure that all proposed activities are nutrition sensitive, i.e. that they contribute to improved nutritional status of the population, which is the ultimate goal of the programme. The overall goal will be supported by two more explicit objectives: South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 16 (i) To institute well-coordinated and effective mechanisms for enhanced and timely response to drought and other climate driven disasters (ii) To develop strategies and investments that support growth, resilience, sustainability and integration of core natural resource based livelihoods in drought prone areas and diversification into other livelihood options. 3.4 These objectives are in alignment with the South Sudan Growth Strategy (SSGS) that sets out the vision for national development, and of the South Sudan Development Plan 2011 – 2013 (SSDP) which expounds on the development agenda taking a sectoral approach. It is also in alignment with the Food and Agriculture Policy Framework 2012 – 2016, and withthe MARF Policy Framework and Strategic Plans 2012 - 2016. These objectives are also in alignment to the direction that the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management plans to take in development of its policies and strategies i.e., a focus on disaster risk reduction (DRR). The objectives are aligned to the stated goals of the MDG’s, the CAADP, the AU Policy Framework for Pastoralism in Africa 2011, the AU Land Policyand the UN Development Assistance Framework for South Sudan. 4. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE COUNTRY PROGRAMME Potential for enhanced resilience, diversified livelihoods, improved food and nutrition security, marketing opportunities, etc. 4.1On-going policy review and formulation as an entry point for addressing drought-related issues within a development framework: South Sudan is at the stage of reviewing and refining articulation of its policies and strategies after the lapse of the CPA period and attainment of independence on July 09, 2011. The life span of major macro and sector policies has lapsed – these include the inaugural Food and Agriculture Policy 2006 – 2011, and the 2006 MARF Animal Resources SectorPolicy. The South Sudan Development Plan expires in 2013. A new initiative the South Sudan Development Initiative (SSDI) is being formulated as an implementation plan of the SSDP to attract investment to stimulate agricultural development in South Sudan. South Sudan’s inaugural CAADP Compact and National Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Security Investment Plan is being developed under the SSDI. The South Sudan Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management was established in June 2010 and is currently in the process of formulating its policy and strategy. The Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) is supporting GOSS to develop a Comprehensive Agricultural Development Master Plan, and an accompanying sub-plan, the Irrigation Development Master Plan to move the country from addressing the immediate needs of food security to agriculture sector led economic growth. The Republic of South Sudan Food Security Council (RSSFSC) established in 2007 by Presidential decree, was reviewed and the structure refined in 2012. These and other policy processes are opportunities for addressing drought resilience. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 17 4.2 Opportunity to articulate, consolidate and develop the potential of latent resources and diversify livelihoods: The potentials of South Sudan’s natural resources, livelihood and production systems areuntapped for both national and regional needs. The learning from history and from other countries in the region can be used to better inform, elaborate and articulate this potential for households, communities, region, the country and the Greater Horn of Africa region. This presents an immense opportunity for consolidation and diversification of livelihoods to better manage shocks including drought and climate variability. In the ASALs, the combination of improvement of pastoralism and of diversification of livelihoods offers great potential if the right mix of support in improved skills, market accessand connectivity is provided. Decentralization:To achieve expedite growth that penetrates the rural sector and addresses geographical inequalities, South Sudan has a Federal system of decentralized government which emphasizes self-determination, empowerment and participatory inclusion. This is particularly important for ASAL and drought prone areas whose development based on pastoral and agro-pastoral systems has been marginalized. 4.3 Unmet demand in domestic and regional markets offer opportunity for market integration critical to the economic exchanges important to functionality and resilience of drought prone communities: markets are important mediums for the economic exchanges that ensure household survival and resilience to drought. Grain and livestock are sold or bartered to purchase essentials, and in the case of livestock to recover some value for animals at risk. Markets are also a major source of livestock for restocking. Unmet domestic and regional demand offer considerable opportunity for increased market and trade integration that would support enhanced resilience. Regional integration in the COMESA and EAC region has resulted in a 49% growth of intra-regional trade between 2008 and 2011 with a concomitant tripling of investments, but still accounts for only 10-13% of agricultural commodities. In 2010 South Sudan’s five neighbors i.e., Sudan, CentralAfricaRepublic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda collectively imported more than US$ 44.5 billion worth of food and agricultural products. This denotes a great regional market opportunity.The demand by domestic markets for livestock is growing rapidly driven by high population growth rates, in-migrating returnee populations, high urbanization rates (MARF and SNV 2011) and rapidly increasing incomes due to growth of the public sector, and presence of Development Partner and NGO funding, and growth of small businesses. Trade of livestock on the hoof to supply the region, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is worth billions of dollars annually providing a ready market for South Sudan livestock. Currently there is a 40% deficit for grain in the country, which together with 15% of the domestic demand for livestock are met by imports, largely from within the IGAD region. What institutional, technical and policy constraints are faced in having greater impact of on going interventions? Reasons for past difficulties/ failures. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 18 4.4 At the nexus of drought related crises in South Sudan are structural constraints stemming from a conjunction of factors including reliance on ineffective and low output technologies, lost productivity due to incessant conflict, weak institutions, lack of and inadequate policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks, the poor state of infrastructure especially markets and roads. Most markets are buyers markets, and even the penetration of primary markets is poor, with for example each primary livestock market covering an estimated 5000 sq km, requiring a 2-3 day trek for many producers, a significant disincentive for commercial off-take. 4.5 Key constraints and challenges include: Political Instability and Incessant Conflict: South Sudan is in a fragile post conflict situation and the continued instability and inter and intra ethnic and natural resource based conflict hamper and disrupt production and investment. Political instability has led to the shutdown in oil production and austerity measures in the national budget that affects the agricultural sector. In the drought prone dryland and ASAL areas peace building approaches are needed that address structural natural resource based conflict. These approaches should stimulate the social, political and economic regeneration of communities that have lived in protracted conditions of poverty, and unresolved resource scarcity due to marginalization and lack of appropriate investment. This addresses the underlying root causes of the conflict that externally driven technical fixes in the form of disarmament, law and order programs, reconstruction projects, refugee returns and elections cannot adequately address. This requires long-term initiatives that are integral to the affected communities and that draw on both external and local resources to underpin transformative and lasting recovery, and self-reliance in dealing with conflict. Low Investment in Agricultural Development: Nation building takes pre-eminence with the SSDP focused on ensuring a united and peaceful new nation and building of strong foundations for good governance as prerequisites for economic prosperity. Poor public investments in the agricultural sector undermine agricultural development hindering provision of key services, and implementation of policies especially in the rural areas. 4.6 Lack of a strategic and coherent policy and institutional framework for disaster management including resilience to guide all relevant sector and stakeholder actors: this leads to ad hoc reactive interventions that ultimately undermine resilience with often fragmented and uncoordinated approaches that do not rationalize utilization of resources and constrain holistic and timely response. In 2007 each government Ministry formed a Disaster Management Sub committee with a focal person, but these structures have been dormant. There is progress however, with the newly established Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management proposing a policy framework for disaster management that has been approved by the Social Sector and is before the Council of Ministers. Lack of evidence based information to base decision making for drought resilience: the currently data and information are based on institutions related to emergencies and humanitarian aid. Disarticulated dryland and ASAL South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 19 economies and resources: the potential of the drought prone areas has not been clearly articulated. These areas are different from the higher rainfall areas but also have substantial economic and livelihoods potentials related to their specific agro-ecology, immense livestock assets, social and community fabric, fauna and flora biodiversity, as well the proximity to other countries for transboundary and regional trade. Because of the long term marginalization, drylands and ASALs’ also have specific needs in terms of social and economic infrastructure to improve access to social services and markets critical to their economic functionality. 4.7 Lack of human resource and technical capacity to support and implement interventions related to reduction of drought emergencies, and weak institutional arrangements and capacities. At central government, state, county, and sub-state level, key constraints include inadequate dialogue on drought related emergencies, which are generally subsumed under other crises. There is poor coordination of actors and initiatives related to addressing drought in part due to low government capacity. Lack of a dedicated budget and financing strategy: Drought is a slow onset and fairly predictable phenomenon and not sudden crises. There are challenges in recognizing and responding to the phases as the drought progresses andwhen a crisis stage has been reached funding has been ad hoc. There should be funding to manage the risk, and dedicated contingency funding to avert the crisis. Lack of Research/ inadequate extension and denigration of indigenous knowledge systems:There is inadequate attention to the development of agricultural packages/technical solutions for resource poor farmers, pastoralists, agro pastoralists and fisher folk and inadequate understanding and harnessing of indigenous knowledge, skills and coping mechanisms. An average 12.6% of the MAFCRD expenditure has been on research and training, with most expenditure on training as the research systems have not been revitalized. Data shows that the rates of return to investment in research and technology generation are the most effective investments for increasing production and productivity. 5. THE COUNTRY PROGRAMME BUILDS ON EXISTING INITIATIVES 5.1 In South Sudan ostensibly drought resilience is subsumed under broader emergency/ disaster and development agendas, and there are no specific country policies, strategies and plans dedicated to support thedevelopment of the ASAL. Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) is integrated into broad and sector policies and strategies, with only limited discourse and fragmented interventions related to droughtrather than a comprehensive approach. The South Sudan Development Plan 2011 – 2013 (SSDP) which draws its mandate from the South Sudan Growth Strategy states within the Natural Resource Sector that its main objective is “To ensure food security and improve livelihoods and income generation for the people of South Sudan, through sustainable use of natural resources and land management.” The SSDP is explicit on the call for improving preparedness for, and effective response to food and agricultural threats and emergencies. The Food and Agriculture Policy Framework (FAPF) 2012 – 2016 envisions food security for all the people of the Republic of South Sudan, enjoying improved quality of life and environment. It targets contributing to reduction of rural poverty by 27% (from the current South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 20 55.4%) reducing the number of people living below the poverty line by half in 2016. It also seeks to contribute to reduction of undernourishment to 24% (from the current 47%), thus reducing the number of people consuming less than the minimum dietary energy requirement by half in 2016. The Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries (MARF) and Policy Framework and Strategic Plans 2012 – 2016 envisions improved production of livestock and fish. Both the FAPF and MARF PFSP include interventions for addressing drought but these are fragmented rather than a comprehensive strategy. 5.2. Sudan Institutional Capacity Programme: Food Security Information for Action (SIFSIA) Project: SIFSIA is a national program covering all the 10 states to build capacity in the government in order to inform policy and provide strategic analysis. The project assisted in establishing of the Food Security Council and Food Security Technical Secretariat (FSTS) based within the National Bureau of Statistics, which address the multi-sector nature of food security. 5.3 Norwegian People’s Aid, funded by various agencies and working in collaboration with state and non-state actors with 25 years of operation within South Sudan has delivered much needed humanitarian support and services to insecure and remote areas. After the signing of the CPA shifted focus from a predominantly reactive and operational response to crises to long term building of capacity for self-sufficiency. Various projects:  Rural Development Program: with a goal to achieve improved livelihoods by promoting integrated rural development initiatives with interventions in agricultural development, livestock and fisheries development, community resource management and skills and enterprise development. Main focus capacity building of rural communities, strengthening of local institutions and organizations, local participatory prioritization. Some activities include strengthening access to agricultural assets (land and water), mapping land released through mine clearance, and reinforcement of policies at higher levels.  Support to Agriculture & Forestry Development Project – Small Grant Management, funded by the Multi-donor trust fund, and GoSS, administered by World Bank: NPA as lead agency in collaboration with MAFCRD. The project focuses on enhancing capacity of public and private sector service providers and empowerment of producer groups capacity to identify, prioritize and plan for their needs, and implement productivity increasing initiatives. This project established mechanisms to channel small grants to the producer groups.  NPA Norad funded Community Natural Resource Management Project: The project focuses on institutional capacity building for sustainable utilization of natural resources management. Participatory communication generation of maps that indicate different land use systems, and participatory identification of existing potential for development. Community resource mapping helps in strengthening of resource rights, policy change, conflict management, community cohesion, managing development and as a bargaining South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 21 tool for development. Success story: having identified lack of water during the dry season as root cause of conflicts and insecurity, a hydrology study earmarked and rehabilitated 24 traditional water points. Local institutions and capacity were built for management basing ownership at grassroots with local authorities playing an advisory role. The structure serves 9000 cattle, reduces migration, and has helped the community avoid conflict over competition for water, and supported cropping activities. 5.4 The CIDA funded FAO projectSustainable Food Security through Community Based Livelihood development and Water Harvesting. The outcome of the project is improved community stability and a sustainable improvement in food security of women, men, youth and children living in Jonglei and Upper Nile states 5.5 USAID/OFDA Projects Emergency Veterinary Support Programme - Livestock nutrition and fodder production and support to private veterinary pharmacies:Vétérinaires Sans Frontières (VSFs) are initiating pilot fodder demonstration sites and support for natural feed conservation to improve pastoralist resilience especially in view of drought and climate change. These schemes are part of a bigger programme encompassing privatization of animal health delivery using Community Animal Health Worker networks linking them with private veterinary pharmacies for increased access to services by pastoralists, community radio networks for extension services and promotion of cereal banks at community level as a way of creating risk management for drought disasters.USAID/OFDA NPA Agriculture Project: in nine counties of JongleiState with the main objective of increasing agricultural production through adoption of improved techniques and technologies. Input provision through direct distribution from local procurement and a seed voucher system, basic agricultural training and extension using voluntary farmer promoters who form outreach groups, Farmer Training Centres and mobile training on farm, demonstrations and seed multiplication 5.6 Sudan Productive Capacity Recovery Programme: The project (to be completed by the end of 2012) has been developingphysical, human and institutional capacities in agriculture and livestock in the public and private sector, in particular at state level. It has also strengthened a network of community based institutions such as animal health workers and farmer field schools on which drought resilience interventions could build. The EU-Funded Food Security Thematic Programme (FSTP) seeks to build capacities of vulnerable communities to improve food security and livelihoods. South Sudan Livelihood Development Project (SSLDP) supports agricultural production and infrastructure in 8 counties. Other important projects on which to draw experience include: (i) the livestock for livelihoods project funded by EU and implemented by AU-IBAR; (ii) the VetGov program that is addressing policy coherence in livestock sector; (iii) the Standard Methods and Procedure in Animal health funded by USAID. A preliminary inventory of relevant interventions is provided in Annex 3 to this report. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 22 Synergies with other existing interventions/ programmes/ projects 5.7 In country there are a number of initiatives that the South Sudan CPP should synergize with. NEPAD is assisting South Sudan develop its Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) under the South Sudan Development Initiative (SSDI). The process will deliver a National Agriculture, Food and Security Investment Plan (NAFSIP) and a CAADP Compact. The CPP should also synergize with the development of the IGAD regional CAADP.GoSS, facilitated by JICA is developing a Comprehensive Agricultural Development Master Plan (CAMP) and an Irrigation Development Master Plan, both of which the CPP should inform. 5.8 At regional level important initiatives for the CPP to link into include the Nile Basin Initiative, and Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) under IGAD that implements initiatives to reduce resource based conflict. The East African Grain Council (EAGC) which brings together key players in production, trade and processing of grain across nine countries including South Sudan plays an important role in the Warehouse Receipting System, in Market Intelligence Systems, evidence based policy advocacy for an enabling policy environment, organizing small scale farmers with capacity to aggregate volumes of grain, institutionalization and harmonization of grades and standards, and capacitation and enforcing adherence to contracts and rules of trade. The CPP should promote greater links to the IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Centre (ICPAC) to build national meteorological capacity. In relation to developing livestock resources, South Sudan is seeking to strengthen collaboration with OIE, FAO, Codex, and AU-IBAR, and will benefit from a regional approach in building these relationships. IGAD/FAO are supporting fish trade strategy development and the harmonization of regional policy, and South Sudan would benefit from SMARTFISH, a newly launched project (October 2011) targeting 19 ESA-IOC (Eastern and Southern Africa – Indian Ocean Commission Countries) that focuses on developing fish trade strategies for member states. South Sudan would benefit from the East African Agricultural Productivity Programme (EAAPP), a World Bank funded project, coordinated by ASARECA. It also has financing and resource mobilization and allocation mechanisms that have doubled the resources for joint research, dissemination and training in the region. EAAPP was designed to complement ASARECA’s activities by scaling up investments at country level that are in line with the regional approach and have the capacity to generate both national and regional benefits. 6. COMBINED APPROACH FOR HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS 6.1 Emergency interventions are critical for meeting the immediate needs of vulnerable populations and humanitarian assistance will continue to be necessary for the foreseeable future in South Sudan. Howevermuch more is needed to address the underlying factors driving crises, especially in the light of recurrent drought incidences and the fact that over half of the population South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 23 is affected. Currently, the humanitarian agenda predominates with the funding outlay of the leading agencies in the humanitarian sector far larger than the budgets of the productive sectors put together. Development Partners provide significant support to the 2012/13 South Sudan Budget with DP contribution rising from 46% to 67% of the total Economic Pillar, and about 77% of the core agricultural sectors within the Natural Resources Sector under the Economic Pillar. Most of the external aid to the Natural Sector is short term. An examination of sixty five of the initiativesexamined under Annex 3 between 2009 and 2016: 14% were one year or less, 49% were for two years, 12% were for 3 years, for 4 years and 5 or more years each. That is close to two-thirds (63%) were for short term periods of two or less years. 6.2 While this scenario is not unexpected for a post-conflict economy, it undergirds debates and mixed positions on a number of issues: a fundamental question is the readiness of the country to shift out of emergency and humanitarian response to recovery and development. There are arguments for a double track of emergency response that protects both lives and ensures food security in protracted or sudden onset crises situations, and resilience programming that restores livelihoods, mitigates causes and strengthens capacity for responding to future shocks (FAO 2012). This approach would progressively institute resilience and ensure dividends from emergency interventions. Currently there is no clearly articulated framework for moving from humanitarian to development approaches. 6.3 In 2007 and 2008 in response to the signing of the CPA in 2005, most development partners realigned their activities towards recovery and development, and most humanitarian coordination mechanisms were phased out (UN-OCHA 2012). However, due to emergencies and precarious situations from 2009 through 2011, they had to revert to emergency and humanitarian focus. The austerity measures triggered by political instability between South Sudan and Sudan further aggravatedthe situation. Although there were measures to protect the agricultural sector, in terms of quality of public sector investments, the austerity measures could potentially have detrimental effects as areas critical to the resilience of marginal small holder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, and to their capacity to produce surplus for market and export, officially remained unfunded under the 2012-13 austerity budget. These include food security, agricultural extension services, promotion of marketing, livestock disease sero-surveillance, procurement of drugs and vaccines, mobilization and organization of farmer groups, access to credit, development of a land policy and interventions to better understand and resolve natural resource based conflict. 6.4Summary of the proposals for implementing the approach and proposed next steps for its implementation  A national dialogue and a long term strategy are needed to harmonize humanitarian and development interventions and to progressively shift the country to a development focus by reducing future vulnerabilities. This government strategy will guide Development Partner, Private Sector and CSO actions South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 24  Drought disaster response should build on national strategies for disaster management and long term strategies for food security and poverty alleviation  Sector policies and strategies to demonstrate a coherent link to emergency response and reducing future vulnerabilities to drought  Contingency funds and capacity for preparedness and early response to drought  Capacity building should be an important/ critical investment to ensure development of policies, legislative and regulatory frameworks, public sector institutions, and mechanisms for drought resilience  Development Partners to mainstream drought resilience in their support guided by the long-term strategies. 7. PROPOSED AREAS OF INTERVENTION AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL 7.1 Target groups of the EDE and targeting strategy willbe mainstreamed in all programme components as well as the results framework. They will target:  The most drought prone areas are the dryland/ ASAL areas i.e., the Arid Pastoral Zone and Western Flood Plains Zone  Pastoral and agro-pastoral communities that dominate the most drought prone areas  Poorer households that are more vulnerable: these include female-headed households, IDP’s and returnees/ in-migrating populations  Inter and intra tribal conflicts, natural resource based conflict and insecurity have significant impact on eroding livelihoods  Existence of livelihood diversification options and capacity to revert to them mitigates the impact of drought. This is the case of Ironstone Plateau Zone and the western parts of the Hills and Mountains Zones where options such as food for work, and opportunity for seasonal labor proffer means for managing in circumstances of drought  Exchanges between the drought prone areas, neighboring areas and the broader national and transboundary economies are important for survival and resilience of communities and households affected by drought 7.2 The strategy will therefore focus on:  Addressing the causes of structural natural resource based conflict and insecurity as an underlying expander of the impact of drought: conflict sensitivity will be mainstreamed in all programming components  Strengthening the livelihoods,coping and adaptive capacity of households and communities in drought prone areas  Articulation and appropriate development of dryland/ ASAL areas with a focus on agro pastoral and pastoral communities to dislocate structural causes of vulnerability to drought South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 25  Delivering options that protect and or expand capacities including timely and appropriate humanitarian response, diversification and safety nets with a focus on vulnerable groups  Vitalizing and integrating the exchanges between drought prone areas and the national and regional economies that are important for resilience through market and road infrastructure and other appropriate investments 7.3 South Sudan has made progress since the signing of the CPA in 2005, but there are still significant gaps in public sector investment in terms of policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks, institutional and human resource capacity, and infrastructure development. The section below outlines the key intervention areas summarized in Annex 2. To delimit priority interventions, a overview assessment was made of the on-going and planned interventions related to this initiative (Annex 3). Information was acquired from Development Partners and Ministry of Finance and Planning. Given that this was pieced together from different sources, there is some overlap as well as possible omissions. Annex 4 attempts to restructure the information in Annex 3 against the Components and Su-Component areas providing a broad mapping of where efforts are focused and areas that need attention due to limited interventions. Annex 4 also highlights opportunities for synergies with existing and planned initiatives. Brief explanatory notes are appended to Annexes 3 and 4. Annex 5 provides a triangulation using data on Donor spending on natural resources by state as additional supportive information. Annex 1 presents the Results Based Framework based on information derived from the various documents, consultations and Annexes 2-5. It outlines the priority output areas indicating where best the South Sudan CPP should focus in the initial programming period of 4-5years. Given the magnitude of needs in the country, many priorities exist, many of which are at basic level. 7.4 The Country Expected Impact is‘Enhanced resilience, integration and economic contribution of drought prone communities in South Sudan.’It is in alignment to the SSDP Economic Sector Objective of ‘diversified private sector-led economic growth and sustainable development which improves livelihoods and reduces poverty. This will feed into the SSDPnatural resources sector objective that seeks ‘to ensure of food security and improve livelihoods and income generation for the people of South Sudan through sustainable use of natural resources and land management. It will also contribute to the SSDP call for improving preparedness for, and effective response to food and agricultural threats and emergencies. The SSDP stresses the overarching imperative of maintaining peace and security as the necessary foundation for development and progress. The Plan focuses on building the strong institutions required to promote a transparent and accountable state, and improving capacity at all levels of government to manage natural resources and public revenues and deliver public goods. The Plan also emphasizes the importance of delivering basic services and promoting private sector-led economic growth as ways of reducing poverty. A. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 26 Expected Outcome: Access secured and appropriate and sustainable utilization of natural resources by drought prone communities Intervention Focus: The focus will be interventions that recognize, protect, enhance access, appropriate utilization (to stem degradation) and sustainability of natural resources that are critical to the coping and adaptive capacities of drought prone communities, and to a greater realization of the broader potential of their resources as a foundation for long term resilience and development. The interventions will recognize and seek to harmonize the competing needs of different resource users especially as crop production expands in the drought prone areas, and rural energy needs. Water Resources Development  The strengthening of traditional and state level water management institutions;  Increased investment for enhanced water availability for livestock to improve productivity, reduce resource based conflict and increase trade capacity: Strategy and legislative framework for water development in the drylands and ASAL’s; mapping of water resources in dryland/ ASAL areas, conservation of water catchment areas to increase recharge development of water storage facilities, mapping of livestock and wildlife migratory routes and grazing areas and appropriate infrastructure development;investment in water catchment areas, water harvesting, water storage and irrigation development  Active participation within the Nile Basin Initiative programs, including representation in the NBI Technical Advisory Committee and capacity building for effective management and utilization of trans-boundary waters. This is complemented by research to give a detailed assessment of South Sudan’s needs and priorities with regard to the development of transboundary water resources Pasture and Land Development  land use planning and management system capacity development and legal and regulatory frameworks, including thedevelopment of a rangeland management policy;  Promotion of land husbandry practices , soil and water conservation  Promote and coordinate participatory natural resource managementprogrammes to improve the productivity and conservation of natural pastures and fodder plants for optimal animal production and to reduce degradation and deterioration of the quality of natural grazing lands Photograph 1: Increased investment is needed to enhance availability of water for production andhumans South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 27 Securing Access to Natural Resources  Rationalize and consolidate land tenure systems to reduce tensions between farmers and pastoralists related to ownership and access rights especially of communally held land and to protect both wet and dry season grazing areas and migratory routes  A framework and mechanisms for a land regime to stimulate investment while preserving environmental integrity and protecting farm and grazing land and resources  Building community capacities in protection of land tenure rights Environmental Management (Including Renewable Energy and Biodiversity)  Development of forestry and environment monitoring policies and strategies, and Forestry Law to enhance enforcement  Mechanisms to enforce environmental impact assessment for land and water allocated for investment purposes, and for restoration of land and water which have been degraded due to economic activity or misuse, including relocation and or compensation.  Community forest policy to guide and enhance awareness on destruction of forests together with mechanisms for forest protection  Development of alternative sources of rural energy South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 28 Photograph 2: A comprehensive policy, legislative and regulatory framework is needed to govern development, utilization and management of renewable energy B. MARKET ACCESS AND TRADE Expected Outcome: Market access and integration improved and domestic and regional trade enhanced Intervention Focus: Market access and trade are important to socio-economic relationships and exchanges that are critical to drought survival, resilience and the functionality of the economies of drought prone areas. Investments are needed to improve market penetration and marketing for the poor, improving terms of trade especially during times of stress, securing trade routes and distribution of food and integration into domestic and regional trade. Increased investment is needed for climate proofed road and market infrastructure and financial transactions (especially for unbanked communities with low cash circulation and for whom barter trade has been part of exchanges) and for institutional and human resource development. Promotion of marketing is important for communities that traditionally had limited engagement with markets. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 29 Transport and Market Development  Development of infrastructure including climate proofed feeder roads and rural market infrastructure, larger roads to main trade border points and development of border point infrastructure to facilitate cross-border trade; domestic markets including cash crop markets, livestock auction platforms, landing sites, satellite and export abattoirs and assembly markets;  Support to marketing activities through: (i) the development of policies and laws governing marketing in the crop, fisheries and livestock sectors, which should promote the integration in the market; (ii) the rationalization of tariffs and non-tariff barriers and transboundary harmonization to enhance regional trade; (iii) the promotion of innovative mechanisms such as cooperative marketing, warehouse receipt system and their linkage into the regional warehouse receipt system, and; (iv) improving communication &dissemination of crop, livestock and fish markets information to all stakeholders; the exploration of new markets and review of informal trade and marketing channels so as to enhance the involvement and benefits to primary producers and the poor in marketing and export. Photograph 3: During drought periods there are poor terms of trade between grain and livestock further impoverishing pastoralist households South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 30 Securing Livestock Mobility  Development and transboundary harmonization of policy, legal and regulatory framework to secure livestock migratory routes for production and trade  Mapping of livestock and wildlife migratory routes for production and trade leading to appropriate infrastructure development along these routes including water and pasture. This would contribute to reduce livestock-wildlife-crop conflicts  Capacity developmentof communities to manage migratory and stock routes and to manage livestock-wildlife-crop resource interactions along migratory routes Securing Financial Transactions  Formation and expansion of membership-based financial organizations, microfinance institutions, rural banks and SACCO’s  Strengthening of money transfer mechanisms within the country and region especially for reaching the unbanked to improvelinkage to rural, urban, transboundary and regional markets  Innovative mechanisms to support SME’s including equity banking, leasing, provision of guarantees to commercial banks to support activities such as crop financing for surplus production and integration into food reserves, value addition, livestock feeding and fattening lots  Credit and financial mechanisms(including competitive grant mechanisms) to support agricultural trade, agri-business and marketing including during stress periods, including the possible establishment of Agricultural and Cooperative banks Transboundary Disease and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Standards  Transboundary and regional harmonization of standards and quality assurance and of animal and crop health certification. Establishment of strategic alliances with regional and international standardization and certification institutions  Develop effective and efficient disease surveillance systems and procedures, and legal framework that should be coordinated at regional level. This would include the establishment of border check points (quarantines, holding grounds)  Development of laboratory capacities including Capacity strengtheningof technical and laboratory professional staff, laboratory facilities and linkage to regional referral laboratories  Development of capacity to actively participate in regional trade arrangements and protocols and to negotiate flexible rules of origin requirements with regional trade partners to ensure access of South Sudan commodities to regional and international markets. C. LIVELIHOOD AND BASIC SERVICE SUPPORT South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 31 Expected Outcome: Adaptive capacities, diversification and safety net options of drought prone communities improved Intervention Focus: Strengthening core livestock and agricultural livelihoods affected by decades of conflict and marginalization/ under investment that have resulted in poverty, erosion of coping capacities and low drought resilience capacity. Strengthening options that increase adaptive capacity of households dependent on core livestock or agricultural livelihoods through provision of core public services that will also be foundational to stimulating private service provision. Investment in diversification and safety net options to increase livelihood options and protect and rebuild the capacity of vulnerable groups. Access to meaningful education and literacy improvement is fundamental to expanding options, technology uptake and decision making. Livestock Production and Health  Strengthen animal health services through increased efficiency and effectiveness of delivery of public veterinary services especially essential veterinary drugs and vaccines to livestock keepers, public -private partnerships to enhance delivery of core essential veterinary services, the regulation and quality assurance in the privatized delivery of veterinary services and supplies, the improvement of Community Based Animal Health systems; focus on control of priority cattle diseases (CBPP, FMD, RVF and other emerging diseases) and important vector-borne diseases (East Coast Fever), establishment of cold chain facilities for optimum storage and distribution of vaccines and test kits  Strengthenepidemio surveillance systems and procedures includingsero-surveillance systems, capacity development training programme for middle cadre diagnosticians and laboratory technicians, and regional, national and local coordination mechanisms;  Support animal production through a strategy to improve meat and milk hygiene, supporting a meat inspection service at appropriate levels, the collaboration with regional research institutions to identify and introduce pest and disease resistant crop varieties and livestock breeds which are adaptable to South Sudan, the construction of slaughter houses/ abattoirs, the improvement of livestock breeds to enhance productive and adaptive characteristics, a special attention to poultry production ascurrently 80-90% of egg and chicken consumed is imported Photograph 4: Investments in animal health and production are needed to support households dependent on livestock source foods and livelihoods South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 32 Agricultural Production and Productivity  expand the land under agricultural production through mechanization technologies such as ox ploughs and tractors and the production and manufacturing of intermediary technologies including ox ploughs and other labor saving/ drudgery reducing implements;  Access to improved inputs through community seed production and distribution systems including seed voucher systems, development of improved drought resistant varieties and seeds, improved input distribution systems for agro-chemicals based on appropriate disease and pest control services, adequate use of fertilizers and organic manure to enhance soil fertility and productivity  Reduce post-harvest losses through post-harvest facilities including drying floors, storage facilities and harvesting and handling hangars; support to private sector involved in grain cereal and root crop value chain development programs  Enhance advice to farmers through support to farmer training centers/ Payam Agricultural Offices as centers for farmer training and facilitation and promoting improved technologies and agronomic practices especially of drought resistant grain cereals and root crops to enhance food security in the drought affected areas.. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 33 Photograph 5: More investments are necessary to improve inputs and community seed production and distribution systems to expand agricultural production Fisheries Development  Development of a legal and regulatory framework to operationalize the fisheries policy and strategy; the development and enforcement of policies and regulations governing the exploitation of fish stocks;strengthening harmonization of fisheries policies to meet international standards; development of co-management policies; development of a fisheries development master plan to facilitate effectiveness and efficiency in fisheries management.  Promote investment and trade in the lucrative regional and international fish trade in collaboration with other governments in the region; strengthening collaboration for transboundary and regional information sharing  Improve fish marketing through training on fish preservation techniques, construction of cold storage and refrigerated transport, supporting the procurement of fishing gear and equipment to enhance production to enhance fishing efficiency and reduce post-harvest losses, the promotion and coordination of partnership between public institutions and private fisheries enterprises, and provision of technical assistance for the transformation of traditional production practices into modern market-oriented systems, the promotion of improved fishing, fish handling and fish processing technologies to improve the quality and quantity of fish catches in South Sudan;  Promotion and development of aquaculture fish production South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 34 Income Diversification  Develop a coherent livelihoods diversification strategy for the drylands and ASAL’s integrating natural resource options, enterprise development, wildlife and fisheries resources, harvesting of dryland products including Gum Africa, shea butter nut, aloe vera; processing and sale of livestock products, hides and skins, honey and bee-wax, exploitation of non-timber forest products such as gum Arabica among others;  Socio-economic analysis of the viability of different income diversification options  Capacity development in drought prone areas of SMEs (enterprise and governance training), of communities on the various diversification options, of government staff and private sector service providers to support diversification  Support to infrastructure and equipment installation for SME development in drought prone areas Photograph 6: The 2013-2014 national budget allocated financing to the Agricultural Bank to support export of gum Africa South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 35 Productive and Social Safety Nets  Development of a social protection policy, legal and regulatory framework for the protection, prevention, promotion of early recovery and transformation;  Community initiatives to provide income or consumptive transfers to the poor and vulnerable to protect against livelihood risks utilizing various approaches including food for work related to relevant public works that establish public assets that enhance agricultural productivity  Experiment new mechanisms such as community cereal banks, strategic grain reserve, mechanisms for crop and livestock insurance  Identification and establishment of productive public assets as the basis for consumptive transfers to the poor and vulnerable in drought prone areas Access to Basic Social Services  Develop a policy and strategy for ensuring appropriate basic service delivery for drylands and ASAL’s especially with attention to best practice especially mobile services and community based models. This would require the clarification of roles between various stakeholders in the delivery of social services  Train and improve the skillsof technical staff and community facilitators to deliver the various basic services and to develop community capacity to ensure services are sustainable  Promotion of local institutions both public and traditional to provide governance for monitoring the quality and accountability for the basic services, of mobile schools for pastoralist populations to cater for basic primary and secondary education;  Improved access to basic health services including immunization, and HIV/AIDS prevention activities and services for people affected by HIV/AIDS and deepening access to clean water for human consumption in drought prone areas D. PASTORAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT Expected Outcome: Enhanced drought preparedness, response and mitigation of negative impacts in South Sudan Intervention Focus: Interventions to prepare communities and institutions for drought. Early warning and enhanced response capacity based on institutionalized mechanisms and information systems. Coordination of efforts to manage and mitigate the effects of drought and enhance resilience. Early Warning/ Response System South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 36  On the basis of a National Disaster Risk Management policy, legal and regulatory framework., develop a pastoral disaster risk management policy; set up a dedicated institution and national and state budget to implement the policy and coordinate efforts.; seek Bi-lateral and regional harmonization of pastoral disaster risk management policies;  Establishment of a Contingency Fund and a Calamities Fund with the objective of enhancing resilience of affected populations; a feasibility study and piloting of crop and livestock insurance schemes and mechanisms for financial support to farmers and livestock keepers in the event of natural disasters;  Improve the collection, analysis and dissemination of technical data and information critical to decision making and analysis of trends in relation to drought resilience: reposition and facilitate the Food Security Technical Secretariat under the National Bureau of Statistics and support the transitioning of data and information collection, analysis and dissemination which is currently within the Food Security Cluster to the National Food Security Council Climate Monitoring and Climate Change Adaptation  Inter-sectoral collaborative development of a National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA)A national policy on climate monitoring and strategy on development of meteorological capacity at national, state and county levels and for linkage to regional climate monitoring  Institutional development and infrastructural capacitation and equipping of the meteorological department as key to development of early warning and as a source of on-going weather and climatic information to support decision making in various sectors related to climate monitoring and climate change adaptation, enhancement of technical capacity for meteorological services at all levels, enhanced linkages to ICPAC at the regional level and capacity building to enhance analysis of regional data in tandem with data generated at country and sub-country level  Strengthen traditional coping strategies by documenting them,re-enforce community climate change adaptation capacity and their traditional institutions and mechanisms for response to and coping with drought  Institution of an agricultural and a livestock early warning system that is integrated with indigenous/ community based early warning systems and is supported by legislation for crop and animal health.  Mechanism for disseminating regular climatic and early warning data and information and linkage to policy processes E. RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 37 Expected Outcome: Capacity for extension, knowledge management, adaptive research, generation of technologies, access to existing technologies and integration of indigenous technical knowledge enhanced to strengthen resilience Intervention Focus: Revitalization and reshaping of research, extension, knowledge and communication institutional, human and program capacity. In the short term a focus on adaptive research harnessing technologies in existence within the region, integrating scientific and indigenous knowledge Support to Adaptive Research  Regional and bilateral mechanisms to enhance access to technologies existent within the region  Gender participatory research to enhance understanding of drought resilience within the context of the different affected agro-ecological, livelihood and wealth strata in the South Sudan context  Support for the design and implementation of an Agricultural Research Rehabilitation and Support Program and Design and implementation of the Animal Resources and Fisheries Research and Development Corporation  Adaptive research on issues specific to drought resilience including drought resistant food security crop varieties; service delivery mechanisms for mobile communities such as extension services and health services  Pilot Participatory Technology Development (PTD) in the drought prone areas  Preservation and analysis of local varieties and indigenous germplasm Advisory and Extension System  Operationalization and implementation of the National Agriculture and Livestock Extension Policy, including the consolidation of requisite skills and capacities to support drought resilience into the CapacityBuilding and Training Policy and implementation of the policy. This should involve learning from the experiences in the region and the Public-private partnerships to enhance penetration of advisory and extension services  Skill development, including (i) the development and integration of appropriate university programs that build the requisite skills and capacities for drought resilience and dryland and ASAL development; (ii) short term courses, both formal and informal for technical staff, non-state actors and communities to build their skills and capacities in drought resilience and dryland and ASAL development; (iii) human capital development for more effective advisory and extension services  Institutionalize participatory and demand -driven extension approaches: Pilot and upscale Farmer Pastoralist and Fisher-folkFieldSchools (P/FFS) and facilitate formation of livestock producer and fisher-folk associations and groups South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 38  Main-stream gender equity, HIV/AIDS and social development issues into extension service delivery so as to develop gender responsive programming Photograph 7: Community knowledge, local and traditional institutions are key to appropriate service delivery Knowledge Management and Communication  Improved community based communication systems interlinked with state systems  Documentation and analysis of indigenous knowledge and information and synthesis with scientific systems to enhance rigor and effectiveness  Establishment and support for farmer, pastoralist, agro-pastoralist and fisherfolk information and advocacy networks and platforms; community education and awareness raising dialogues on issues related to drought resilience South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 39 F. PEACE BUILDING 1 AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION Expected Outcome: Effective mechanisms for responding to, managing and mitigating natural resource based conflict are in place to create sustainable peace and stability as a foundation for development Intervention Focus: The main interventions will be around addressing natural resource based conflict 2 from the approach of addressing both the violent conflict and underlying causes of the structural violence. Conflict Resolution  Development of mechanisms for community based and transboundary conflict management, conflict resolution and integration of alternative dispute resolution as a means to manage and resolve natural resource based conflicts  Capacity developmentof technical staff and communities in conflict resolution and management,strengthening the local institutions and traditional leaders, county commissioners, payam administrators in local governance, conflict management and conflict resolution 1 Peacebuilding can be construed as activities intended to strengthen structures and processes with the main aim of preventing a return to violent conflict (Pugh 2000) Peacebuilding is critical to the regeneration of conflict-torn societies, whereby regeneration is a process of social, political and economic adjustment to, and underpinning of, conditions of relative peace in which the communities, not least those who have been disempowered and impoverished by violence, can begin to prioritize future goals beyond their immediate survival. Pugh (2000) contests the concept that external actorsweild the power and moral authority to bring about the peaceful change that communities have failed to achieve. To Pugh, external intervention in peacebuilding and regeneration of war-torn societies is based on technical fixes in the form of disarmament, law and order programmes, reconstruction projects, refugee returns and elections. Such approaches, he argues are less concerned to interact with local norms and dynamics at the grassroots than to produce inventories of measurable outputs at a strategic level to make way for regeneration of conflict-torn societies into the economy. Cockell (2000) observes that the difference between peacebuilding and other forms of international assistance such as humanitarian aid lies in its emphasis on addressing the root causes of the conflict within societies. He agrees with Galtung who in 1976 argued that unlike other approaches to the management and resolution of conflict, peacebuilding is based on an associative approach: peace as the abolition of structural [conflict] and not just of direct [conflict] (Cockell, 2000). Cockell advises that peacebuilding should not be confused with development as has been advocated by some practitioners. For to do that, he argues, would present conflict as a development issue and would suggest that the root causes of protracted violent conflicts are apolitical issues of poverty, resource scarcity and unemployment. He argues that the operational objective of peacebuilding should not be expressed in a way that can easily be expressed as regular development programming, neither should it be restricted to nor defined by a specific phase of conflict such as post-conflict. He agrees with the expanded definition of peacebuilding in the 1995 Supplement for Peace which is currently understood by the UN Department of Political Affairs to be ‘a continuum of activities, which may be present in all phases of a conflict cycle. In both cases, over dependency on external funding makes it difficult to implement successful peacebuilding initiatives. Most crucially external funding that overlooks local resources and contribution creates dependence among the target communities and prolongs the period for recovery and self-reliance. (Extract, modified from an Issues Paper Leading to the Development of a National Peacebuilding and Conflict Resolution Policy for Uganda, August 2011) 2 Even if it is recognized that violence and conflicts have multiple origins, including the perception by some groups that they have not accessed to “peace dividends”. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 40  Mechanisms for the disarmament of communities having small-arms and light weapons and transboundary harmonization PeaceBuilding  National Policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks on PeaceBuilding and Conflict Resolution. This should be a comprehensive multi-sector policy with a mechanism for mainstreaming conflict sensitivity across sector policies, develop campaigns through media to raise awareness of the provisions and interventions of the policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks  Strengthening the local institutions such as the role of traditional leaders, county commissioners, payam administrators in local governance and peace building  Development of mechanisms for community based peace building harnessing external and local resources to address both violent and structural conflicts including support to reconciliation process to cement localized peace agreements, rehabilitation of water and other productive infrastructure, strengthening marketing, re-stocking, vocational and leadership training for women and youth, promotion of diversification options, integration of children into schools, health rehabilitation and psychosocial support, recreational activities to promote cohesion and cultural and social exchange; mechanisms to link formal and customary peace-building forums and initiatives  Transboundary harmonization of peace building initiatives  Demining to increase land safe for agricultural and livestock activities 8. REGIONAL PRIORITIES 8.1 This section identifies and describes regional priorities i.e, priority interventions that are considered by the country to be best addressed at the regional level and that will feed into the Regional Programming Framework and the Regional Results Framework.  Mapping and Increased investment for enhanced transboundary water availability for livestock and concomitant infrastructure to improve productivity, reduce resource based conflict and increase trade capacity  Development of road and transport infrastructure connecting the countries in the region, and linking to main border points and ports to facilitate cross-border, regional and international trade with attention to the needs of landlocked countries like South Sudan  Enhance regional trade activities, through: (i) rationalization and harmonization of transboundary tariffs and non-tariff barriers; (ii)developingthe warehouse receipt system and linkage into the regional warehouse receipt system; (iii) improved gathering, analysis, communication &dissemination of crop, livestock and fish markets information to all stakeholders; (iv) strengthening and harmonization of financial services including South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 41 money transfer mechanisms within the region especially for the unbanked to expedite linkage to rural, urban, transboundary and regional markets; (v) Improvement and transboundary and regional harmonization of standards and quality assurance; (vi) transboundary and regional harmonization of animal and crop health certification. Establishment of strategic alliances with regional and international standardization and certification institutions; (vii) development of capacity to actively participate in regional trade arrangements and protocols and to negotiate flexible rules of origin requirements with regional trade partners to ensure access to regional and international markets  Coordination mechanism for promotion of a regional epidemio-surveillance system  Mechanisms to enhance access to technologies existent within the region, which could include collaboration with regional research institutions to identify and introduce pest and disease resistant crop varieties and livestock breeds which are adaptable to South Sudan;  Improved input manufacture and distribution systems for agro-chemicals including fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides  Development of fisheries co-management policies and guidelines to manage transboundary fish resources for sustainability  Bi-lateral and regional harmonization of pastoral disaster risk management policies  Enhanced and functional linkages to ICPAC at the regional level  Alternative conflict resolution mechanisms linked to regional mechanisms like Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) under IGAD; mechanisms for the disarmament of communities having small-arms and light weapons and transboundary harmonization; livestock identification system that is harmonized transboundary to reduce livestock raiding and theft 9. IMPLEMENTATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AT THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL 9.1 The Common Programming Framework Because of the multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder nature of the EDE initiative and the CPP, a Common Programming Framework (CPF) is needed to bring all actors into alignment with the CPP and MTP, and for harmonization of interventions. The CPF will increase operational efficiencies including compliance to partnership agreements, provide a platform for complex decision making, and making budgets and targets more precise through eliminating duplication and redundancies in efforts and expenditure by government, development partners and non-state actors. The CPF will also provide the platform for information and knowledge sharing, peer learning, important to shaping the developing the initiative, and reviewing priorities and direction. The CPF will embed a results-based approach to programming, implementation and evaluation to ensure desired outcomes and value for money. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 42 9.1.1 The Medium Term Plan TheEnd Drought Emergencies initiative and this CPP are planned for a 15 year period to achieve resilience through laying down a foundation for long term sustainable development. A phased approach is therefore necessary, not only to achieve the overall goals, but also to allow for prioritization and logical sequencing of interventions in the short, medium and long term. A Medium Term Plan (MTP) will be developed to translate the CPP intervention areas into investment opportunities concentrating on the priorities for the next three to five year period. The MTP will therefore form the main tool for resource mobilization, both from budget allocation and from development partners and non-state actors. A key input into investing differently will be the accompanying resource mobilisation strategy that will be aligned to the principles of the South Sudan New Deal Compact 2013, the Paris Declaration 2005 and the Accra Agenda 2008. This will ensure that there is a long-term partnership that continues even in periods of uncertainty, government leads in setting out priorities, and there is funding for addressing underlying causes of vulnerability to drought and for procuring sustainable results. This will be a major shift from focus on funding for emergencies, and a predominance of funding of between 3 months and 2 years, which undermines development investment. The CPP being multi-sectoral and of multi-stakeholder interest, the process of development of the MTP will be government led, with consultations at national and state government levels and with development partners and non-state actors. Priorities will be aligned to national priorities in the SSDP, the accompanying SSDP Investment Plan and the New Deal. A consultative process will eliminate duplication of already existing/on-going efforts, and bring cohesion to the programming among stakeholders. Existing and potential interventions and sources of funding will be mapped. The MTP will include a refined Results Framework with more specific targets and indicators for the medium term and will be the main tool for monitoring progress. The initiative will work in alignment with the broader Republic of South Sudan partnership agreements: South Sudan signed the New Deal Compact for Fragile States, which defines a long term partnership for how the government and its international partners can work together for improved aid effectiveness, even in the context of uncertainty. Key principles include government led priority setting, more long term and sustained funding, development partner program harmonization and alignment to government priorities, agreed targets and indicators, mutual accountability, and prudence by government. 9.1.2 The coordination mechanism The CPP will be implemented through a national level coordination mechanism that bring together the wide range of stakeholders/ interested parties and will link into the regional IDDRSI Platform. The coordination mechanism will be housed by Ministry of Environment, and will be South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 43 informed by the model used for the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Master Plan (Republic of South Sudan 2012). Key principles of the Coordination Mechanism will include government ownership and leadership, multi-sectoral representation, state and multi-stakeholder representation and participation, sustained technical assistance and capacity building, The coordination mechanism structures will include: (a) An Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee: which will be constituted by all the Ministers of all the relevant ministries, as the highest decision making organ. The key functions of the Steering Committee will be provision of political support and policy directives, approval of resource utilization, linkage to the Council of Ministers and Parliament (b) A Technical Committee:constituted of the Undersecretaries and Heads of participating Ministries, and agencies, key technical development partners, CSO’s, private sector and the head of the secretariat within Ministry of Environment. The main functions of the Technical Committee will include supervision of the implementation of the CPP, guiding resource mobilization and coordinate resource allocation, monitoring progress, and reporting to the Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee. (c) A Task Team: this will be multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder in constitution, with leadership from within government. The membership will include middle level/ technical staff from government ministries and agencies, focal points from each state, expert(s) (technical assistance from IGAD and other Development Partners) and technical representatives from CSO’s, NGO’s and private sector. (d) At the component level: designated lead ministries and agencies will coordinate the technical stakeholders i.e., Ministry of Environment will lead on the Natural Resource Management component; Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Investment will provide the lead on the Market Access and Trade component; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development will lead on Livelihoods Support; Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Industries will lead on Pastoral Disaster Risk Management; National Bureau of University of Juba will provide leadership for Research and Knowledge Management; and Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Industries will lead the Conflict Resolution and Peace Building component. 9.2 Division of public and private sector roles in contribution to the programme The SSDP emphasizes the importance of promoting private-sector led economic growth and the delivery of basic services in reducing the incidence of poverty. Private sector will be important for livelihood expansion, employment creation and ensuring good governance. GoSS envisions that most employment will come through family farms and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Private sector will be allowed to lead and be involved in those areas where they can deliver services most effectively and efficiently.The SSDP stipulates that private sector effort will be complemented by the provision of a set of core public goods together with a more clearly South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 44 defined and conducive policy and regulatory framework provided by the Governmentto lay good foundations for private sector led growth and development. The Government will limit its intervention in the economy to those activities that the private sector is not able or currently not willing to engage in but which are of benefit to society. This means there is a legitimate role for government in leading the supply and maintenance public goods in some cases. In the case of South Sudan, agriculture examples include extension services such as dissemination of information about tools, techniques and seeds, and establishing systems for animal disease control. Infrastructure examples include roads, water and sanitation, river transport facilities and air transport facilities. The Government will seek to ensure that the provision and maintenance of public goods and services is done cost-effectively, sustainably, based on value for money and, where appropriate, will move towards cost-recovery for the services provided. In this context, maintenance of public goods is a high priority as it is typically more cost-effective to maintain existing infrastructure and services than build new ones. Provision of the enabling environment in which the private sector can conduct business competitively and with low and predictable transaction costs is also an important role for the Government. In this regard, production of public policy and the legal and regulatory framework are both key. There are some areas where non-state actors will play a key role in service provision such as in agriculture, marketing and infrastructure. This underscores the importance of the Government providing an effective enabling environment for their activity. Where there are other aspects of market failure, such as pollution and environmental degradation, the Government has an important role in developing and enforcing environmental laws. 9.3 Existing multi-stakeholder platforms or mechanisms for ending drought emergencies There are currently no dedicated multi-stakeholder platforms or mechanisms for ending drought emergencies. However some existing platforms provide the opportunity for engaging on ending drought emergencies:  The South Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (SSRRC) which has been promoting a resilience based approach as the best to deal with humanitarian and emergency issues while at the same time addressing the structural caused of vulnerability within communities  The Humanitarian Coordination structure which has structures at state level that feed into the central level structures. The structure includes the Sector Working Groups that formulate cluster/ sector strategy and response plans. An Emergency Preparedness and Response Task Force that shares operational information on current and planned emergency responses and ensures coherent understanding of situational priorities; an Inter-Sector Working Group that acts as a technical level working group. The South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 45 Humanitarian Coordination Forum which includes MHADM and other stakeholders operates as the main interface between GoSS, humanitarian agencies and donors  The Economic Pillar Working Group which brings together both the Natural Resources Sector Working Group, the Economic Sector Working Group and the Infrastructure Sector Working Group  The Food Security and Livelihoods Cluster, organizedby FAO and WFP, and co coordinated by VSF-Belgium and Danish Refugee Council. 10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 10.1 Making reference as much as possible to existing M&E systems and available data, the section provides the basis for an M&E system for the EDE Given the multi-sector approach of the CPP, it will be necessary to have M&E at various levels starting at the Component Level related to the priority outputs at under each component. The M&E system at this level will therefore be linked to the existing M&E and data collection system of the lead government agency requiring inclusion of specific output related indicators. For the outcome and impact levels, the existing Food Security Technical Secretariat (FSTS) under the National Bureau of Statistics would be the most plausible location for a rigorous and multi-sectoral national level M&E. The FSTS structure and location upholds principles of autonomy critical to independent data collection and management, and offers scope for collaborative or independent analysis by different interests. It also facilitates multi-stakeholder ownership and confidence in the data, and provides a platform for dialogue by both government and other stakeholders including Development Partners, private sectors and civil society. The NBS is supported by a legal and regulatory framework that supports the generation, analysis and utilization of data enhancing its credibility. REFERENCES FAO 2011. Overcoming the Crisis– Horn of Africa GoSS. 2006. Fisheries Sector Policy and Strategic Plan. Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries. Government of South Sudan. GoSS. 2007. Draft Water Policy. Government of South Sudan. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation. NEPAD. 2012. South Sudan Agriculture Stocktaking Report. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 46 Pugh, M. and Cooper, N.2004. War Economies in a Regional Context: Challenges of Transformation, London: Lynne Reiner. Republic of South Sudan. 2013. The Comprehensive Agricultural Development Master Plan of the Republic of South Sudan. Interim Report: Agricultural Development – From Food Security to Economic Growth. December 2013. Republic of South Sudan. . 2011. Food and Agriculture Policy Framework (FAPF) 2012-2016. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The Republic of South Sudan. Juba, September 2011. Republic of South Sudan. 2012. Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries. Policy Framework and Strategic Plans 2012-2016 Republic of South Sudan. 2012a. Sector Aid Financing Plan FY 2012/13 – FY2014/15. Natural Resources Sector. Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. Republic of South Sudan. May 2012. Republic of South Sudan. 2012b. The National Agriculture and Livestock Extension Services Bill 2012. Draft. The Laws of South Sudan. Republic of South Sudan. Republic of South Sudan. 2012c. Coordination Mechanism and Terms of Reference for Institutions Concerned with the Formulation of the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Master Plan (CAMP). Draft, September, 2012. SSCCSE. 2006. Southern Sudan Livelihood Profiles. Southern Sudan Centre for Census Statistics and Evaluation, Save the Children and USAID Famine Early Warning Systems. SSCCSE (2010). Poverty in Southern Sudan: Estimates from the National Baseline Household Survey 2009. Southern Sudan Centre for Census Statistics and Evaluation Technical Consortium. 2012a. Strategies in Natural Resource Management for Enhancing Resilience of Drought Prone Communities in the Drylands in the Horn of Africa. Technical Consortium. 2012b. Market Access and Trade Issues affecting the Drylands in the Horn of Africa. Brief prepared by a Technical Consortium hosted by the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centres (CGIAR) in partnership with the FAO Investment Centre South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 47 Technical Consortium. 2012c. Livelihood and Basic Service Support in the Drylands in the Horn of Africa. Brief prepared by a Technical Consortium hosted by the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centres (CGIAR) in partnership with the FAO Investment Centre Technical Consortium. 2012d. Disaster Risk Reduction Management in the Drylands in the Horn of Africa. Brief prepared by a Technical Consortium hosted by the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centres (CGIAR) in partnership with the FAO Investment Centre Technical Consortium. 2012e. Conflict Resolution and Peace –building in the Drylands in the Horn of Africa. Brief prepared by a Technical Consortium hosted by the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centres (CGIAR) in partnership with the FAO Investment Centre South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 48 ANNEXESAND ADDITIONAL/EXPLANATORY NOTES ANNEX 1: SOUTH SUDAN RESULTS FRAMEWORK Component 1: Natural Resources Development Sub-component 1.1 Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Water Resources Development * Increased availability, access and capacity to manage water productively, sustainably and with reduced conflict in drought prone areas Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 1.1.1 Policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks, and strategy for water development in the drylands/ ASAL areas especially for livestock * Institutional framework for ASAL/dryland water development *Water resources in dryland /ASAL areas mapped for livestock, crop, human consumption and wildlife * Key water catchment areas conserved/ rehabilitated * Increased investment and rehabilitation of traditional/ existing water resources and facilities (best practise) * Instruments and mechanisms (e.g., by-laws and community negotiation processes and agreements) to enhance sharing of resources including with crop farmers, and in wildlife/ protected areas * Consultative development of additional water resources especially along migratory and stock trade routes and storage facilities in appropriate locations to reduce migration, conflicts and degradation * Communities trained and capacitated to conserve, maintain, repair and manage water resources and facilities South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 49 * Community water resource management mechanisms and institutions established * State, county, and payam level water management institutions strengthen and capacitated 1.1.2 Improved investment and management of water for crop production * Assessment of available water resources in drought prone areas * Catchment areas conserved *Rainwater harvesting and storage technologies promoted and demonstrated *Appropriate technologies for crop irrigation promoted and demonstrated *Communities trained and capacitated to conserve water catchment areas and resources and to utilise irrigation technologies *Community water resources associations formed/ strengthened and capacitated *Capacity of technical staff at county and payam levels built *Mechanisms and instruments for negotiation between crop and livestock farmers 1.1.3 Policy, legislative and regulatory framework for transboundary water resources management developed and harmonised *Legislative framework and procedures for use and abstraction formalized to ensure that transboundary water resources remain subject to constitutional and international obligations regarding flow of water within South Sudan and between other co-riparians *Active participation in transboundary initiatives including the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) for effective management and utilisation of transboundary water *Harmonization of fisheries water and resource use *Establishment and strengthening of transboundary water resources management committees at community and local government levels (county and payam) *Community and local government capacity to manage transboundary water South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 50 resources strengthened Component 1: Natural Resources Development Sub-component 1.2: Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Pasture and Land Development * Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 1.2.1 Policy, legislative and regulatory framework for land use planning * Land use plan and legislative and regulatory instruments and mechanisms in place * Consultatively developed land use planning map for the drought prone areas * Capacity building of technical staff and communities in land use planning * Promotion of land husbandry practises, soil and water conservation 1.2.2 Rangeland management policy and legislative and regulatory framework * Institutional framework for rangeland management in place * Improved and appropriate technologies to reduce degradation and to improve rangeland quality and productivity introduced * Functional community and local government institutions for management of rangelands * Community and technical capacity for rangeland management developed and integrated with indigenous knowledge systems 1.2.3 A framework for transboundary harmonization of land use planning and rangeland management * Legislative and regulatory frameworks for transboundary land use and rangeland management in place * Transboundary committee and coordination mechanism in place for harmonised land use planning and rangeland management and utilisation Multi-stakeholder platform for experience sharing, planning, and technology sharing to enhance rangeland development Component 1: Natural Resources Development South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 51 Sub-component 1.3: Securing Access to Natural Resources Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Equitable and sustainable access to resources by drought prone communities Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 1.3.1 Consolidated land tenure to ensure access by small-holder farmers, pastoralists, agro-pastoralists and fisher-folk for grazing, cropping and trade activities * An institutional framework that recognizes and protects the needs of pastoralists, fisher-folk and smallholder crop farmers * Capacity building of communities and technical staff on land tenure and access rights especially for pastoralists, fisher-folk and small holder crop farmers 1.3.2 A land investment framework for a land regime to guide sustainable investment * A land regime that balances stimulation of investment with a recognition of customary law as part of the normative system of land use 1.3.3 Transboundary harmonization of access to natural resources * Mechanisms for harmonisation of transboundary access to natural resources during drought and other stress periods Component 1: Natural Resources Development Sub-component 1.4: Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Environmental Management Resilient natural resource base and access to sustainable sources of rural energy Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 1.4.1* Development of forestry and environment monitoring policies and strategies, and Forestry Law to enhance enforcement * Institutional framework for forest protection * Community capacity to manage and protect forest resources enhanced 1.4.2* Mechanisms to protect * Mechanisms to enforce environmental impact assessment for land and South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 52 biodiversity in drought prone areas especially the drylands and ASAL’s water allocated for investment purposes * Mechanisms to guide restoration of land and water that have been degraded due to economic activity or misuse, including relocation and or compensation * Capacity of communities to conserve crop, livestock and fisheries bio diversity enhanced 1.4.3* Policy, legislative, regulatory framework and strategy for the development of alternative sources of rural energy * Awareness on the detrimental impact of tree felling and charcoal burning on the environment increased * Technology options for sustainable alternative rural energy introduced * Communities capacitated to harness alternative sources of energy through training, information sharing and exchange visits * Private sector and civil society/ NGO’s capacitated to provide technologies for alternative sources of rural energy Component 2: Market Access and Trade Sub-component 2.1 Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Transport and Market Development Improved incomes, food access, and protected livelihoods through increased integration into more vibrant and accessible markets Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 2.1.1* Development of climate proof roads and market infrastructure * Functional all weather rural feeder road infrastructure * Functional all weather rural market infrastructure * Functional all weather roads to main border points/ transboundary markets 2.1.2* Policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks to enhance and govern investment in the livestock *Institutional framework for investment in livestock, fisheries and crops South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 53 crop and fisheries sectors that enhance community participation 2.1.3* Policy , legislative and regulatory frameworks to enhance and govern marketing in the livestock crop and fisheries sectors that enhance community participation * Institutional framework for marketing in the livestock, fisheries and crop sectors 2.1.4* Development of domestic markets to strengthened market functionality and integration * Markets at different levels functional and linked including cash crop markets, livestock auction platforms, fish landing sites, satellite and export abattoirs and assembly markets * Integration into markets promoted to enhance participation of poor primary producers both farmers and pastoralists * Informal trade reviewed to strengthen the involvement and benefits to poor primary producers * Cooperative marketing promoted and supported * Domestic tariffs and non-tariff barriers including multiple taxation rationalized and reduced to stimulate market integration 2.1.5* Strengthening of transboundary and export trade * Existing and new market opportunities in the region and internationally explored and profiled for South Sudan products * Transboundary tariff and non-tariff barriers and customs procedures rationalized and harmonised * Functional information system linking the country and regional markets Component 2: Market Access and Trade Sub-component 2.2: Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Securing Livestock Mobility Facilitated, more secure, protected and sustainable livestock mobility for improved productivity and community stability South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 54 Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 2.2.1* Policy, legal and regulatory framework to secure livestock migratory routes for production and trade * Institutional framework to facilitate, support and govern livestock mobility within drought prone and neighboring areas * Mapping of livestock migratory routes for production and trade * Mapping of wildlife migratory routes to reduce livestock-wildlife-crop conflicts * Appropriate infrastructure development along the migratory and stock routes including water and pasture * Capacity building of communities to manage migratory and stock routes * Capacity building of communities to manage livestock-wildlife-crop resource interactions along migratory routes 2.2.2* Development of appropriate supportive facilities and services to enhance the economic efficiency of livestock mobility * Linkage to the livestock identification system * Support for improved transportation within the stock and migratory routes * Linkage to fattening facilities, slaughter houses, abattoirs and markets * Disease control and surveillance and veterinary services within the stock and migratory routes * Basic health services and amenities for transhumant and nomadic pastoralists * Access to communication and mobile money transfer facilities 2.2.3* Transboundary harmonization of legal and regulatory frameworks for livestock and wildlife migration * Institutional framework to facilitate, support and govern transboundary livestock mobility * Appropriate investments to facilitate transboundary migration including quarantines, holding grounds, water, pasture, vaccination and other veterinary services, basic human health and other amenities, communication and mobile money transfer facilities * Harmonization with the transboundary/ regional livestock identification South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 55 system Component 2: Market Access and Trade Sub-component 2.3: Securing Financial Transactions Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Increased incomes for smallholder/ poor farmers/ pastoralists and fisherfolk in drought prone areas through integration into market and value chains Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 2.3.1* Support to strengthen the capacities of the established Agricultural and Cooperative banks * Mainstream banking options for the agricultural sector strengthened and promoted * Local resource mobilised through cooperatives to support agricultural sector growth 2.3.2* Expansion of micro-finance instruments to deepen the reach for small holders/ the poor and SME’s * Small holder farmers, farmer, fisherfolk, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists capacitated to integrate into market and value chains * Sustainable local resources mobilised through collective action to support small-holder agricultural sector growth 2.3.3* Innovative mechanisms to provide financing for the unbanked and for stress periods * Money transfer mechanisms within the country and that link to the region established to enhance linkage of markets * Innovative livestock and crop insurance and financing products tailored to cover drought risks Component 2: Market Access and Trade Sub-component 2.4: Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Transboundary disease & SPS measures and standards Increased livestock and livestock products of suitable quality for domestic and regional trade South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 56 Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 2.4.1 Strengthening of the in-country policy legal and regulatory framework for SPS Measures and Standards *In-country SPS institutional framework improved *Capacity of mid-level technical and laboratory professional staff built *Diagnostic laboratory infrastructure, facilities and equipment improved at all levels 2.4.2 Transboundary harmonization of SPS Measures and Standards * Transboundary and regional harmonization of animal and crop health certification * Capacity developed to actively participate in regional trade arrangements and protocols and to negotiate flexible rules of origin requirements with regional trade partners to ensure access of South Sudan commodities to regional and international markets * Establishment of strategic alliances with regional and international standardization and certification institutions * Establishment of border check points (quarantines, holding grounds) * Linkage to regional referral laboratories Component 3: Livelihood Support Sub-component 3.1 Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Livestock production & health Increased livestock production and productivity Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 57 3.1.1 Policy, legislative and regulatory framework, and conceptual strategy for the development of livestock production in the drought prone areas especially in the drylands and ASAL’s *Livestock resources in the drought prone areas mapped and their potential and a long term strategy at national and state level for their development articulated through a consultative and participatory process *Institutional framework for livestock development in the drought prone areas especially the drylands and ASAL’s * Livestock value chains in drought prone areas especially the drylands and ASAL’s articulated with focus on livestock on the hoof, meat, hides and skins and milk value chains *Government technical staff and NGO’s capacitated and facilitated to provide quality, efficient and appropriate services to enhance livestock production in drought prone dryland and ASAL areas *Improved livestock breeds *Improved livestock nutrition * Enhanced livestock production infrastructure including slaughter houses, abattoirs, basic processing plants for milk and hides and skins 3.1.2 Improved delivery, accessibility and efficiency of animal health services *Improved public veterinary services especially essential veterinary drugs and vaccines at state, county and payam level *Public -private partnerships to enhance delivery of veterinary services especially veterinary supplies and drugs supported *Improved Community Based Animal Health systems *Regulation and quality assurance in the privatized delivery of veterinary services and supplies *Control strategy for priority cattle diseases developed *Vector borne diseases especially East Coast Fever controlled *Cold chain facilities for optimum storage and distribution of vaccines and test kits established *Sero-surveillance systems with effective and efficient protocols and procedures established South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 58 Component 3: Livelihood Support Sub-component 3.2: Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Agriculture production and productivity Increased agricultural production and productivity Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 3.2.1 *Increased land under cultivation through promotion of mechanization technologies such as ox ploughs and tractors *Reduced labour/ drudgery through promotion of production and manufacturing of intermediary technologies such as ox ploughs *Access and utilisation of fertilizers and organic manures increased through support to small-holder farmers *Disease and pest control services both public and private facilitated and promoted *Improved community seed production and distribution systems including seed voucher systems *Improved input distribution systems for agro-chemicals including fertilizer, *Capacity of middle cadre diagnostic and laboratory technicians increased *Capacity of national and state diagnostic laboratories improved and made functional *A meat and milk inspection strategy and service established to improve meat and milk hygiene *Established coordination mechanism for promotion of epidemio-surveillance system internationally, regionally and locally *Collaboration with regional research institutions to identify and introduce adapted livestock breeds South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 59 pesticides and herbicides *Reduced post-harvest losses through post-harvest facilities including drying floors and harvesting and handling hangars *Improved storage for agricultural produce *Farmer training centres/ Payam Agricultural Offices as centers for farmer training and facilitation established *Uptake of improved technologies and agronomic practices for food security crops especially of grain cereals and root crops promoted and supported *Private sector involved in grain cereal and root crop value chain supported Component 3: Livelihood Support Sub-component 3.3: Fisheries development Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Increased fisheries production, efficiency, food security and incomes Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Target * Operationalization of the fisheries policy and strategy * A legal and regulatory framework in place to guide and govern operationalization of the fisheries policy and strategy * A Fisheries Development Master Plan in place to facilitate effectiveness and efficiency in fisheries management Cold storage facilities installed and refrigerated transportation availed to improve fish marketing and trade *Public sector financing to support procurement of fishing gear and equipment to enhance production, fishing efficiency and reduce post-harvest losses Quality and quantity of fish products enhanced through training on fish South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 60 handling and preservation techniques * Public-private partnerships to enhance investment and governance of fisheries promoted * Technical assistance for the transformation of traditional production practices into modern market-oriented systems provided to fisher-folk * Improved fishing, fish handling and fish processing technologies to improve the quality and quantity of fish catches promoted * Policies and regulations to govern the exploitation of fish stocks implemented and enforced *Aquaculture fish production promoted Promote investment and trade in the lucrative regional and international fish trade in collaboration with other governments in the region strengthening harmonization of fisheries policies to meet international standards Strengthening collaboration for transboundary and regional information sharing Development of co-management policies Component 3: Livelihood Support Sub-component 3.4: Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Income diversification Communities in drought prone areas with access to socio-economically viable and sustainable livelihood options Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 3.4.1 Policy, legal and regulatory framework and strategy for Institutional framework and strategy for livelihoods diversification Documentation and socio-economic analysis of the viability of different South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 61 livelihoods diversification for the drylands and ASAL’s income diversification options Promotion of income diversification and awareness raised on the options Capacity of the communities built on different income diversification options Basic literacy and numeracy skills of communities improved through informal and adult literacy programs Technical capacity of government staff and private sector service providers built to support livelihood diversification 3.4.2 Support and promotion for enterprise development Value chains identified and assessed on different livelihood options including but not limited to fisheries, gum Africa, shea butter nut, aloe vera and other natural products, honey, livestock products including hides and skins, ghee, cheese Financial and credit services established to support income diversification through MFI’s, SACCO’s and cooperatives Mechanisms including governance structures, bylaws and ordinances developed to protect the natural resource base in relation to development of diversified livelihoods Innovative mechanisms to support SME’s that provide services that facilitate livelihood diversification Component 3: Livelihood Support Sub-component 3.5: Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Productive and social safety nets The asset base and capacities of vulnerable groups to respond to drought built up Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 3.5.1 Development of a social protection policy, legal and * Institutional framework for social protection in place * Community initiatives to provide income or consumptive transfers to the South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 62 regulatory framework for the protection, prevention, promotion of early recovery and transformation poor and vulnerable to protect against livelihood risks expanded * Community cereal banks promoted * Mechanisms for crop and livestock insurance piloted and promoted * Asset building programs such as re-stocking and provision of seed and other crop inputs expanded Component 3: Livelihood Support Sub-component 3.6: Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Access to basic social services Appropriate, equitable and effective provision of services to drought prone communities especially in the drylands/ ASALs Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 3.6.1 Policy, legal and regulatory framework for appropriate basic service delivery for drought prone areas especially drylands and ASAL’s including mobile services and community based models * Institutional framework for appropriate service delivery to drought prone areas in particular drylands and ASAL’s * Guidelines and best practise manuals for delivery of basic social services in drought prone areas especially drylands and ASAL’s * Promotion of local institutions both public and traditional to provide governance for monitoring the quality and accountability for the basic services * Mobile schools for pastoralist populations to cater for basic primary and secondary education promoted and supported * Mobile vet services and CAH services promoted and supported * Mobile rural grain banks promoted and supported * Improved access to basic health services including immunization, and HIV/AIDS prevention activities and services for people affected by HIV/AIDS * Deepening access to clean water for human consumption in drought prone South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 63 areas * Capacity of technical staff and community facilitators to deliver the various basic services enhanced Component 4: Pastoral Disaster Risk Management Sub-component 4.1: Early Warning / Response System Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Capacity for early, coordinated and effective response to drought at all levels Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 4.1.1 Strengthening of Early Warning Systems at all levels * Indigenous/ community based early warning systems established * An early warning agricultural and a livestock early warning system that are integrated with the indigenous/ community based early warning systems and supported with legislative and regulatory frameworks established * Mechanisms for disseminating regular climatic and early warning data established with linkages to all the relevant sectors at all levels * Mechanisms in place for linkage to key decision making and policy processes State, county and payam contingency plans, coordination mechanisms and funds for response 4.1.2 An institutional framework for food security, disaster risk management, and food security planning * A National Disaster Risk Management Policy, legislative and regulatory framework in place * A Pastoral Disaster Risk Management Policy, legislative and regulatory framework in place * Bi-lateral and regional harmonization of pastoral disaster risk management policies * The National Food Security Action Plan revised and harmonized with regional level food and nutrition security planning South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 64 * The Food Security Council strengthened as the key coordinating and planning mechanism for food and nutrition security in the country and linkages established to food security and nutrition planning and coordination mechanisms at regional level * The Food Security Technical Secretariat under the National Bureau of Statistics capacitated to expand to cover drought resilience data 4.1.3 Strengthen the drought response and coordination system at all levels * A dedicated institution, coordination mechanism, national and state budgets to implement the Pastoral Disaster Risk Management Policy * Contingency and Calamity Funds established at all levels Sub-component 4.2: Climate Change Adaptation Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Drought prone communities better prepared and able to respond to drought occurrences Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 4.2.1 Capacity for climate monitoring built and linkages to regional facilities strengthened * The institutional and infrastructural structures of the national metrological department enhanced and facilitated to provide regular national climate monitoring and early warning * Regional, and state level climate monitoring facilities established/ strengthen and capacitated * Technical capacity for meteorological services at all levels developed * Enhanced linkages to ICPAC at the regional level and capacity built to enhance analysis of regional data in tandem with data generated at national and state level * Mechanisms for disseminating regular climatic and early warning data established with linkages to all the relevant sectors at all levels South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 65 4.2.2 Promote climate change adaptation mechanism * Traditional coping and adaptation strategies and knowledge mapped and documented * Community capacity for climate change adaptation built through promotion of appropriate technologies and innovations Component 5: Research and Knowledge Management Sub-component 5.1: Support to adaptive research Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Quick gains in improved drought resilience, livelihoods, incomes and economic contribution of drought prone communities and areas through harnessing technologies from adaptive research Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 5.1.1 Support for the design and implementation of an Agricultural Research Rehabilitation and Support Program and Design and implementation of the Animal Resources and Fisheries Research and Development Corporation * An institutional framework for reviving and developing research in South Sudan * Gender participatory research to enhance understanding of drought resilience within the context of the different affected agro-ecological, livelihood and wealth strata in the South Sudan context * Agenda and strategy for drought/ dryland/ ASAL research articulated and developed * Infrastructural and facility support for the development of a drought/dryland/ASAL research institute and satellite facilities 5.1.2 Adaptive research on issues specific to drought resilience including drought resistant food security crop varieties; service delivery mechanisms for mobile communities such as extension * Human resource capacity developed for adaptive research on issues specific to drought and drought resilience * Linkages to regional NARS established and formalised to support access to existing technologies and development of adaptive research programs * Pilot Participatory Technology Development (PTD) in the drought prone areas South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 66 services and health services * Documentation, preservation and analysis of local varieties and indigenous germplasm Sub-component 5.2: Advisory and extension system Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Appropriate advisory and extension services are available and accessible by drought-prone communities Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target /b 5.2.1 Improved advisory and extension services for pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, fisher-folk and small-holder farmers in drought prone areas * Integration of the provisions for advisory and extension services in the National Agriculture and Livestock Extension Policy * Consolidation of requisite skills and capacities to support drought resilience into the Capacity Building and Training Policy and implementation of the policy * Promote adoption of appropriate approaches and technologies in crop, livestock and fisheries, with learning from the region *Institutionalize participatory and demand -driven extension approaches: Pilot and upscale Farmer Pastoralist and Fisher-folk Field Schools (P/FFS) *Public-private partnerships to enhance penetration of advisory and extension services *Facilitate formation of livestock producer and fisher-folk associations and groups *Main-stream gender equity and social development issues into extension service delivery so as to develop gender responsive programming * Human resource development to build a critical mass of technical, *Support development and integration of appropriate university programs that build the requisite skills and capacities for drought resilience and dryland and South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 67 private sector and community service providers for delivery of appropriate advisory and extension services in drought-prone areas ASAL development *Short term courses, both formal and informal for technical staff, non-state actors and communities to build their skills and capacities in drought resilience and dryland and ASAL development Sub-component 5.3: Knowledge management and communication Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Improved awareness, decision making and utilisation of technologies to address drought related issues Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 5.3.1 Documentation and analysis of indigenous knowledge and information , and synthesis with scientific systems to enhance rigor and effectiveness of technologies * Best practice indigenous knowledge and information identified and documented * Farmer and pastoralist/ agro-pastoralist livelihoods and enterprises transformed through uptake of more culturally acceptable and effective technologies 5.3.2 Public and community media for awareness raising and public and community education * Greater public awareness of the issues of drought resilience and the potential interventions * The public and communities educated on specific aspects of drought resilience 5.3.3 Networking and advocacy platforms at local and regional levels for information exchange and highlighting drought resilience issues * A critical mass of vibrant, well informed and engaged civil society farmer, pastoralist and fisher-folk networks and advocacy groups * Key issues of communities in drought prone areas (small-holder farmers, pastoralists and fisher-folk) brought into the mainstream development agenda South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 68 and agendas in public fora Component 6: Conflict resolution and Peace building Sub-component 6.1: Conflict resolution Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target Communities in drought prone areas better able to manage and resolve natural resource based conflicts Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 6.1.1 * National policy, legislative and regulatory framework for prevention and resolution of natural resource based conflict of a structural nature * Institutional framework for prevention and resolution of natural resource based conflict * Conflict resolution mainstreamed across sector policy and institutional frameworks * Early warning mechanisms * Capacity and authority of traditional, local government, payam and county, state institutions strengthened 6.1.2 * Improved policy, legal and regulatory framework for disarmament of communities that is harmonized transboundary * Communities with reduced number of illegal small arms and light weapons within the country and transboundary * State facilitated and capacitated security mechanisms to ensure protection, security and stability * Reduction of the flow of small arms and light weapons within the communities and transboundary * Communities educated on the impact of small arms and light weapons in perpetuating conflict and on options for alternate dispute resolution * Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in place for community policing, response to conflict and insecurity and for conflict management and resolution South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 69 Sub-component 6.2: Peace building Intermediate Outcome Indicator Target More peaceful and stable communities in drought prone areas with capacity address conflict and re-generate more productive livelihoods and enterprises Priority Intervention Expected Outputs Indicator Target 6.2.1* National policy, legislative and regulatory framework for peace building in situations of protracted structural natural resource based conflict * Institutional framework for peace-building in locations of structural natural resource based conflict in place * Mechanism for mainstreaming peace-building across sectoral policy and institutional frameworks in place * Awareness on the provisions of the peace building policy and legislative and regulatory frameworks raised through public and community media campaigns * Capacity of local institutions such as traditional leaders, payam administrators, county commissioners to implement the policy provisions strengthened 6.2.2 * Various peace-building activities supported and facilitated * Reconciliation processes to cement local peace agreements, rehabilitation of water and other productive infrastructure, strengthening marketing, re stocking, vocational and leadership training for women and youth, promotion of diversification options, integration of children into schools, health rehabilitation and psychosocial support, recreational activities to promote cohesion and cultural and social exchange and other peace-building activities supported 6.2.3 *Transboundary harmonised policy, legislative and regulatory framework for peace-building * Institutional framework for transboundary peace building around natural resource related conflict in place * Coordination mechanism to enhance transboundary peace-building * Capacity built in cooperation with transboundary partner institutions South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 70 ANNEX 2: PRIORITY INTERVENTIONS PERSUB-COMPONENT Policy and Legal Framework Institution Strengthening and Capacity Development at all Levels Infrastructure Development Financial Instruments Component 1: Natural Resource Management Sub-Component 1.1 Water Resources Development * Policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks for water development in the drylands and ASAL’s * Research to give a detailed assessment of South Sudan’s needs and priorities with regard to the development of transboundary water resources * Support to strengthen state level water management institutions * Support to strengthen community water management structures and associations * Active participation within the Nile Basin Initiative programs, including representation in the NBI Technical Advisory Committee and capacity building for effective management and utilization of trans-boundary waters * Mapping of livestock and wildlife migratory routes and water resources in dryland/ ASAL areas * Conservation of water catchment and appropriate infrastructure development *Development of water for crop production: increased investment in water catchment areas, water harvesting, water storage and irrigation development Government budget Grants from donors and UN Community matching funds and labor Private sector funding Sub-Component 1.2 Pasture and Land Development * A land use planning and management system and legal and regulatory frameworks * Development of a rangeland management policy * Promotion of land husbandry practices, soil and water conservation capacity * Build capacities in land use planning * Capacity building of government staff and communities in rangeland management * Programmes to improve the productivity and conservation of natural pastures and food plants * Land use mapping Grants from donors and UN Government budget Community matching funds and labor Sub-Component 1.3 Securing Access to Natural Resources South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 71 * Rationalize and consolidate land tenure systems * Policy, legal and regulatory frameworks and mechanisms for a land regime that stimulates investment while preserving environmental integrity and protecting farm and grazing Resources * Building community capacities in protection of land tenure rights Sub-Component 1.4 Environmental Management (Including Renewable Energy and Biodiversity) * Development of forestry and environment monitoring policies and strategies, and Forestry Law to enhance enforcement * Community forest policy to guide and enhance awareness on destruction of forests * Mechanisms for forest protection * Mechanisms to enforce environmental impact assessment for land and water allocated for investment purposes * Capacity building at technical and community level in restoration of degraded land and water * Build capacity of communities in forest protection * Investment in development of alternative sources of rural energy * Grants from donors and the UN * Government Budget * Soft loans for private sector * Community matching funds and labor Component 2: Market Access and Trade Sub-Component 2.1 Transport and Market Development * Review of informal trade and marketing channels * Develop policies and laws governing investment in the livestock, crop and fisheries sectors * Develop policies and laws * Promote cooperative marketing * Capacity building in marketing and trade for state officials, private sector and communities * Improve communication &dissemination of crop, livestock and fish markets information to all stakeholders * Development and climate proofing of feeder roads * Investment in key roads to and from border trading points, and in border point infrastructure * Rural and wholesale Private sector funding Government budget Grants from donors and UN Soft loans South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 72 governing marketing in the crop, fisheries and livestock sectors, which should enhance community participation and integration in the market * Rationalization of tariffs and non-tariff barriers and transboundary harmonization market infrastructure development including cash crop markets, livestock auction platforms, landing sites, satellite and export abattoirs and assembly markets * Strengthening the warehouse receipt system and linkage into the regional warehouse receipt system Sub-Component 2.2 Securing Livestock Mobility * Policy, legal and regulatory framework to secure livestock migratory routes for production and trade * Transboundary harmonization of legal and regulatory frameworks for livestock and wildlife migration * Mapping of livestock migratory routes for production and trade * Mapping of wildlife migratory routes to reduce livestock-wildlife-crop conflicts * Capacity building of communities to manage migratory and stock routes * Capacity building of communities to manage livestock-wildlife-crop resource interactions along migratory routes * Appropriate infrastructure development along migratory and stock routes Government budget Grants from donors Community matching funds Sub-Component 2.3 Securing Financial Transactions * Policy and mechanisms for credit and financial services during stress periods for crop and livestock marketing and trade * Formation and expansion of membership-based financial organizations, MFI’s, and SACCO’s * Strengthen community links to money transfer mechanisms within the country and region * Innovative mechanisms to support SME’s including equity banking, leasing, guaranties to commercial banks * Support to the established Agricultural and Cooperative banks * Government sources * Grants from donors and the UN * Soft loans * Private sector South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 73 Sub-Component 2.4 Transboundary Disease & SPS Measures and Standards * Development of effective and efficient disease surveillance systems and procedures, and legal framework * Improvement and Transboundary and regional harmonization of standards and quality assurance *Coordination mechanism for promotion of a regional epidemio-surveillance system * Capacity building of technical and laboratory professional staff * Build capacity of government officials to participate in trade arrangements and protocols and to negotiate flexible rules of origin in regional and international markets * Establishment of border check points (quarantine and holding grounds) * Strengthening laboratory facilities * Linkage to regional referral laboratories * Government budget * Grants from donors * Soft loans Component 3: Livelihood Support Sub-Component 3.1: Livestock Production and Health * Articulation of the potential and thrust of agro-pastoral and pastoral livestock production in drought prone areas especially ASAL’s within the decentralized framework * Enhance effectiveness of delivery of public veterinary services especially essential veterinary drugs and vaccines to livestock keepers * Public -private partnerships to enhance delivery of core essential veterinary services *Improved Community Based Animal Health systems * Regulation and quality assurance in the privatized delivery of veterinary services and supplies * Focus on the development of control strategies / control of priority cattle diseases (CBPP, FMD, RVF and other emerging diseases) *Control of important vector-borne diseases and related vectors with particular reference to East Coast Fever * Established coordination mechanism for * Establishment of cold chain facilities for optimum storage and distribution of vaccines and test kits * Strengthen sero surveillance systems: Develop effective and efficient disease surveillance systems and procedures * Construction of slaughter houses/ abattoirs * Ensure availability and accessibility of vet, livestock production inputs * Improvement of livestock breeds to enhance productive Government budget Soft loans Grants from donors and UN Private sector funding South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 74 promotion of epidemio-surveillance system internationally, regionally and locally * Develop and implement a strategy to improve meat and milk hygiene. Supporting a meat inspection service at appropriate levels *Enhancement of capacity/ training programme for middle cadre diagnosticians and laboratory technicians * Improvement of animal health certification and harmonization transboundary and regionally * Collaboration with regional research institutions to identify and introduce pest and disease resistant crop varieties and livestock breeds which are adaptable to South Sudan and adaptive characteristics Sub-Component 3.2: Agriculture Production and Productivity * Market information and linkage to markets * Disease and pest control services and promotion of technologies and inputs * Improved community seed production and distribution systems including seed voucher systems * Improved input distribution systems for agro chemicals including fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides * Promotion of uptake of improved technologies and agronomic practices to improve production and productivity of food security crops especially of grain cereals and root crops that form the bulk of diet and are drought resistant. * Support to private sector involved in grain cereal * Increase the land under agricultural production through mechanization technologies such as ox ploughs and tractors * Promote production and manufacturing of intermediary technologies including ox ploughs and other labor saving/ drudgery reducing implements * Promote the use of fertilizers and organic manure to enhance soil Grants from donors and UN Soft loans Government budget Private sector funds South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 75 and root crop value chain development programs fertility and productivity * Promotion of irrigation * Reduce post-harvest losses through post-harvest facilities including drying floors and harvesting and handling hangars * Improve storage of agricultural produce * Establishment and support to farmer training centres/ Payam Agricultural Offices as centers for farmer training and facilitation Sub-Component 3.3: Fisheries Development * Development of a legal and regulatory framework to operationalize the fisheries policy and strategy * Development of a fisheries development master plan to facilitate effectiveness and efficiency in fisheries management * Promote investment and trade in the lucrative regional and international fish trade in collaboration with other governments in the region by * Strengthening collaboration for transboundary and regional information sharing * Enhance fish production through training on fish preservation techniques * Promotion and coordination of partnership between public institutions and private fisheries enterprises, and provision of technical assistance for the transformation of traditional production practices into modern market-oriented systems * Avail market facilities through construction of cold storage and refrigerated transport * Support procurement of fishing gear and equipment to enhance production to enhance fishing efficiency and reduce post-harvest losses * Promotion and development of aquaculture fish production Grants from donors and UN Soft loans Government budget Private sector funds South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 76 strengthening harmonization of fisheries policies to meet international standards * Development of co management policies * Ensuring the sustainability of the fish eries sector through the development and enforcement of policies and regulations governing the exploitation of fish stocks Sub-Component 3.4: Income Diversification * Develop a coherent livelihoods diversification strategy for the drylands and ASALs * Awareness raising and promotion of income diversification * Financial and credit services to support income diversification through establishment of MFI’s, SACCO’s and cooperatives * Promotion, enterprise and governance training and capacitation of SME’s in drought prone areas * Capacity building of communities on the various diversification options * Building the technical capacity of government staff and private sector service providers to support diversification * Socio-economic analysis of the viability of different income diversification options * Support to infrastructure and equipment installation for SME development in drought prone areas Donor and UN funding Private sector funding Government budget Sub-Component 3.5: Productive and Social Safety Nets * Development of a social * Community initiatives to provide income or * Institute community cereal Government budget South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 77 protection policy, legal and regulatory framework for the protection, prevention, promotion of early recovery and transformation consumptive transfers to the poor and vulnerable banks * Mechanisms for crop and livestock insurance * Identification and establishment of productive public assets as the basis for consumptive transfers to the poor and vulnerable in drought prone areas * Support for the development of strategic grain reserves Grants from donors and UN Sub-Component 3.6: Access to Basic Social Services * Develop a policy and strategy for ensuring appropriate basic service delivery for drylands and ASAL’s especially with attention to best practice especially mobile services and community based models * Develop guidelines and best practice manuals for delivery of basic social services * Train and improve the skills of technical staff and community facilitators to deliver the various basic services and to develop community capacity to ensure services are sustainable * Promotion of local institutions both public and traditional to provide governance for monitoring the quality and accountability for the basic services * Mobile schools for pastoralist populations to cater for basic primary and secondary education * Mobile vet services and CAH services * Mobile rural grain banks * Improved access to basic health services including immunization, and HIV/AIDS prevention activities and services for people affected by HIV/AIDS * Deepening access to clean water for human Government budget Grants from donors and UN Soft loans South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 78 consumption in drought prone areas Component 4: Pastoral Disaster Risk Management Sub-Component 4.1: Early Warning/ Response System * Revision of the National Food Security Action Plan (NAFSAP) *Harmonization with regional level food and nutrition security planning. * Development and implementation of a National Disaster Risk Management policy, legal and regulatory framework. * Under the National Disaster Risk Management Policy, development of a pastoral disaster risk management policy * Bi-lateral and regional harmonization of pastoral disaster risk management policies * Strengthening and supporting the operationalization of the Food Security Council as the key coordinating and planning mechanism for food and nutrition security in the country with linkages to regional food security and nutrition planning and coordination mechanisms * A dedicated institution and national and state budget to coordinateimplementation of the policy * Establishment of a Contingency Fund and a Calamities Fund with the objective of enhancing resilience of affected populations * A feasibility study and piloting of crop and livestock insurance schemes * Mechanisms for financial support to farmers and livestock keepers in the event of natural disasters * Improve the collection, analysis and dissemination of technical data and information critical to decision making and analysis of trends in relation to drought resilience: reposition and facilitate the Food Security Technical Secretariat under the National Bureau of Statistics and support the transitioning of data and information collection, analysis and dissemination which is currently within the Food Security Cluster to the National Food Security Council Government budget Grants from donors and UN Soft loans Sub-Component 4.2: Climate Monitoring and Climate Change Adaptation * Inter-sectoral collaborative development of a National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) * Enhancement of technical capacity for meteorological services at all levels * Enhanced linkages to ICPAC at the regional level and capacity building to enhance analysis of * Institutional development and infrastructural capacitation and equipping of the metrological department as key to Government budget Grants from donors and UN Community matching funds South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 79 A national policy on climate monitoring and strategy on development of meteorological capacity at national, state and county levels and for linkage to regional climate monitoring regional data in tandem with data generated at country and sub-country level * Documentation of traditional coping strategies • Mechanism for disseminating regular climatic and early warning data and information and linkage to policy processes * Strengthening of community climate change adaptation capacity * Strengthening traditional institutions and mechanisms for response and coping with drought development of early warning and as a source of on-going weather and climatic information to support decision making in various sectors related to climate monitoring and climate change adaptation * Institution of an agricultural and a livestock early warning system that is integrated with indigenous/ community based early warning systems and is supported by legislation for crop and animal health. Component 5: Research and Knowledge Management Sub-Component 5.1: Support to Adaptive Research * Regional and bilateral mechanisms to enhance access to technologies existent within the region * Gender participatory research to enhance understanding of drought resilience within the context of the different affected agro-ecological, livelihood and wealth strata in the South Sudan context * Adaptive research on issues specific to drought resilience including drought resistant food security crop varieties; service delivery mechanisms for mobile communities such as extension services and health services * Support for the design and implementation of an Agricultural Research Rehabilitation and Support Program and Design and implementation of the Animal Resources and Fisheries Research and Development Corporation * Pilot Participatory Technology Development Government budget Grants from donors and UN Regional NARS funding such as ASARECA South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 80 (PTD) in the drought prone areas Sub-Component 5.2: Advisory and Extension System *Operationalization and implementation of the National Agriculture and Livestock Extension Policy * Human capital development for more effective advisory and extension services * Promote adoption of appropriate approaches and technologies in crop, livestock and fisheries, with learning from the region * Public-private partnerships to enhance penetration of advisory and extension services * Facilitate formation of livestock producer and fisher-folk associations and groups * Main-stream gender equity and social development issues into extension service delivery so as to develop gender responsive programming * Pilot and upscale Farmer Pastoralist and Fisher-folk Field Schools (P/FFS) Government budget Grants from donors and UN Soft loans Private sector funds Sub-Component 5.3: Knowledge Management and Communication * Improved community based communication systems interlinked with state systems * Documentation and analysis of indigenous knowledge and information and synthesis with scientific systems to enhance rigor and effectiveness * Establishment and support for farmer, pastoralist and fisherfolk information and advocacy networks and platforms * Community education and awareness raising dialogues on issues related to drought resilience * Media publicity and promotion of agriculture, livestock and fisheries through various media Government budget Grants from donors and UN Community matching funds South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 81 Component 6: Conflict Resolution and Peace Building Sub-Component 6.1: Conflict Resolution * Development of mechanisms for community based conflict management, conflict resolution and integration of alternative dispute resolution as a means to manage and resolve natural resource based conflicts * Transboundary harmonization of conflict resolution mechanisms * Strengthening the local institutions such as the role of traditional leaders, county commissioners, payam administrators in local governance, conflict management and conflict resolution * Mechanisms for conflict early warning * Mechanisms for the disarmament of communities having small-arms and light weapons and transboundary harmonization Government budget Grants from donors and UN Community matching funds Sub-Component 6.2: Peace Building * National Policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks on Peace Building and Conflict Resolution. This should be a comprehensive multi-sectoral policy with a mechanism for mainstreaming conflict sensitivity across sector policies * Transboundary harmonization of peace building initiatives * Develop campaigns through media to raise awareness of the provisions and interventions of the policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks * Livestock identification system that is harmonized transboundary to reduce livestock raiding and theft * Demining to increase land safe for agricultural and livestock activities * Development of mechanisms for community based and transboundary peace building harnessing external and local resources to address both violent conflict and structural conflict including mobilization of local resources, re-stocking, rehabilitation of water and other productive infrastructure, strengthening marketing, re-stocking, vocational and leadership training for women and Government budget Grants from donors and UN Community matching funds South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 82 youth, promotion of diversification options, integration of children into schools, health rehabilitation and psychosocial support, recreational activities to promote cohesion and cultural and social exchange ANNEX 3: OVERVIEW OF ON-GOING AND PLANNED PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS IN SUPPORT OF CPP PRIORITY AREAS – PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 Donor Total Support to Agriculture and Forestry Development Project X World Bank/ MDTF – SS MAFCRD/ Norwegian Peoples Aid X X X Mar 2008 – Dec 2012 MDTF SS $32 M Small holder crop and forestry producers To increase productivity and production of participating smallholder farmers in agriculture and forestry 5 States (Upper Nile, Unity, Jonglei, E. Equatoria, C. Equatoria Emergency X World MAFCRCD X X Oct World $10.2 Food Support adoption of improved 8 states: South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 83 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area Food Crisis Response Project Bank / NPA, AHI, World Vision, ACTED 2008 – June 2013 Bank M insecure persons technologies for food production by eligible beneficiaries, increase storage capacity for staples and provide cash for food to eligible people participating in public works programs Upper Nile, Jonglei, C. Equatoria, W. Equatoria, E. Equatoai, Unity, Warrap, N. Bahr el Ghazal Feeder Roads EU WFP X X Aug 12 – Au 15 EU E 21 Million Feeder roads and rural infrastructure including storage and markets CapacityBuildin g to Government: Improve Food Security Information System X EU FAO X X Dec 12 – Dec 16 EU Euro 7 Million Improve the management of food security information system SORUDEV (South Sudan Rural Development Program) X EU Technical Service Providers and NGOs X Dec 12 – Dec 15 EU Euro 14 Million Small Holder Farmers Aim: Reduction of food insecurity by improving the livelihoods of rural smallholders improving rural infrastructure South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 84 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area (feeder roads) strengthening policy implementation and strategic planning capacity ( establishing an effective Food Security Institutional Framework; capacity to review, plan, budget and monitor food security policies and strategies; establish an effective cross-sectoral food security institutional framework; strengthen food security information systems to support decision making) Rural Infrastructure (Feeder Roads, Storage, Markets) EU WFP X X Probably from 2014 -16 EU Euro 25 Million Water and Sanitation Pooled Fund EU KfW X Probably 2013-15 EU Euro 20 Million Support to Agriculture X EU Technical Service X Probably 2014-16 EU Euro 10 Million Small Holder Food security and Rural Development South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 85 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area Production Providers and NGOs Farmers Agribusiness X EU X Probably 2014-16 EU Euro 5 Million Small Holder Farmers Food security and Rural Development Rural Finance X EU X Probably 2014-16 EU Euro 5 Million Small Holder Farmers Food security and Rural Development Food Security Thematic Programme X EU NGO’s X X On-going until 2016 EU Euro 10.5 Food insecure household s Land Tenure and Transactions, conflict management EU X X Probably 2014-16 EU Euro 5 Million Contribute to the establishment of a legal framework for Land Transactions, support to local mechanisms of land dispute resolution, conflict prevention Community Security & Arms Control Project EU UNDP X On-going until? EU Euro 1.8 Million Security and Access to Justice Quick Impact EU IOM X On-going EU Euro 3 Security and Access to Justice South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 86 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area Projects Basket Fund until? Million Cross-Border Conflict Prevention and Peace building EU Concordis X On-going until? EU Euro 1.12 Million Security and Access to Justice Food Securtiy Thematic Program (FSTP) all components combined EU 2010-13 $17.39 Sudan Institutional Capacity Programme: Food Security Information for Action (SIFSIA) EU 2010 2012 $4.17 Sudan Productive Capacity Reconstruction Programme: EU 2010 2013 $4.0 South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 87 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area Nyal-Shambe Terekeka Fisheries Production and Marketing Project (Model Project) Sudan Productive Capacity Reconstruction Program (SPCRP):Aweil Technical Rehabilitation Project EU 2010 2013 $5.0 M Sudan Productive Capacity Reconstruction Program (SPCRP): Bahr el-Ghazal Livestock Production and EU 2010 2013 $4.2 M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 88 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area Marketing Project Sudan Productive Capacity Reconstruction Program (SPCRP): CapacityBuildin g Component EU 2010 2013 $10.81 M Productive Asset Recovery and Local Institutions Strengthening Project EU 2011 2013 $2.9M Integrated and Environmentall y Sound Livestock-Crop Production and Marketing EU 2011 2012 $.65 M Food and Security Rehabilitation EU 2010 2012 $.55 South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 89 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area Programme 2010-2013 Food and Security Livelihoods Improvement Project 2012 2013 $1.26 Agricultural Livelihood Support for Food Security in South Sudan EU X 2011 2012 $7.05 Support to Food Security and Livelihoods through Community Based Natural Resource Management in South Sudan EU X X X 2011 2013 $.80 Food Security and Livelihood Advancement in Hiyala and EU X 2011 2013 $1.59 South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 90 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area Ikotos Countries, Eastern EquatoriaState Building Capacity for Long Term Food security in EasternEquatori aState EU X X 2011 2013 $1.18 Bahr el Ghazal Livestock Production and Marketing Project STABEX 02 EU X X 2011 2012 $3.67 Agricultural Production X CIDA World Relief Canada $1.63 M Increasing food production and income through input (seeds) and implement distribution and training on use of ox ploughs Jonglei, UpperNileSta te AfricaEnterpris e Challenge Fund X DFID Private Sector Support X X $3.65 M Support for the AfricaEnterprise Challenge Fund All States Food Security X DFID WFP X X $13 M Support for productive safety net programme, urban livelihoods Northern Bahr el South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 91 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area and market Ghazal, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Warrap, UpperNileSta te Sudan Rural Land Governance Project USAID Tetra Tech (ARD) X $2M Land Tenure Jonglei, C and W. Equatoria Seeds for Development USAID McKinsey, IFDC and AGRA X $11.3M Private Sector Support Food, Agribusiness and Rural Markets (FARM) USAID Abt Associates X X 5.1M Value chains Roads and Infrastructure USAID X Conservation of Biodiversity across the Boma-Jongeli Landscape in USAID Wildlife Conservatio n Society X $4 M Environment/ biodiversity Jonglei South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 92 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area South Sudan CapacityBuildin g USAID Virginia Tech and American Council X 3.5M Rebuilding Higher Education in Agriculture (RHEA) and JohnGarangMemorialUniversity for Science and Technology (JG-MUST) National Reconstruction and stabilization of Livelihoods Germany GIZ X German y $8.75 Reconstruction and stabilization of Livelihoods Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria Value Chains Germany GIZ X German y $2.0 Capacity development focused on identifying the most promising value chains/ supply lines, developing domestic market links and initiating a process of coordinated support and investment. Includes capacity training of govt and private sector, building organizational capacity and institutionalization of support policies. Liaise with the Crop Training Centre in Yei, the East National South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 93 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area African Grain Council and University of Juba Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation JICA MARF/ MAFCRD/ JICA/ FAO/ All Developme nt Partners X X X X X X Jul 2012 – Feb 2015 JICA $9.9 M National Irrigation Development Master Plan (IDMP) Formulation JICA MWRI/ MAFCRD/ JICA X X Sept 2012 – Dec 2014 JICA $9.7 M National Agricultural Extension, Research and Training JICA YeiCropTra iningCenter / YeiResearc hCenter X Mar 2012 – Feb 2014 JICA $1.6 M National Strengthening the Foundations for Environmental Governance and Natural Resource X UNDP X $1.34M (For 2012/1 3) South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 94 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area Management Livestock Training Centre (Marial Lou) Govern ment of Netherla nds (Ministr y of Develop ment Cooperat ion) X $1 M (For 2012/1 3) National Food Security and Livelihoods Program X Govern ment of Netherla nds (Ministr y of Develop ment Cooperat ion) X Govt of Netherl ands $6.6M Food Security X CIDA FAO X X CIDA $1.1M (Figure for 2012/1 South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 95 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area 3 only) National Strategic Grain Reserves X WFP WFP X X $35.5M Agricultural Extension Expert JICA MAFCRD X (Figure for 2012/3) $.08M National Promote resilience, production and market access for community X USAID SC, CRS and JAM X X X X X June 2011 Dec 2015 USAID 50M 8 counties in JongleiSt ate Promote resilience, production and market access for community Akobo/Nyirol County in JonglieState for SC Promote Food security and resilience X ECHO SC X X X July-Dec 2012 ECHO 448,000 Food insecure vulnerable household s Promote Food security and resilience AweilEastCo unty,Northern Bahr el GhazalState Promote food security and resilience for community X CHF SC X Jan 2012 March 2013 CHF 315,000 Food insecurity household s in Maiwut Promote food security and resilience for community MaiwutCount y, UpperNileSta te Promote food security X Dutch governm SC, ZOA, TPO, X 2011 2015 Dutch govern 1.5M Vulnerabl e women Promote food security JurRiverCoun ty, South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 96 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area ent CARE ment group in JurRiver and MaiwutC ounties WesternBahr el GhazalState and Maiwut in UpperNileSta te Sudan Productive Capacity Reconstruction Program (SPCRP) X EU X Ending 2012 $12.2M (2012/2 013) Aweil Technical Rehabilitation Project and STABEX 03 Capacity building Component Bahr-el-Ghazal Livestock Production and Marketing Project and STABEX 02 Nyal-Shambe-Terekeka Fisheries Production and Marketing Project (Model Project) and STABEX 04 Livestock Epidemio Surveillance Project (LESP) South Sudan Sub-Project EU X X EU $.92 (2012/1 3 funding ) Livestock epidemio-surveillance South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 97 Programme/ Project Name O n g o in g P la n n e d Funding Agency/ Donor Implement ing Agency/ Partner(s) CPP Component/Su b-component addressed /a Start – End Budget (Stated Currency) Target Group Objectives Programme/ Project Area Integrated and environmental sound livestock crop production and marketing X EU X X X EU $.29 (2012/1 3 funding ) Integrated and environmental sound livestock-crop production and marketing Community Based Natural Resources Management X EU $.28 (2012/1 3 funding ) Community Based Natural Resources Management Livelihoods Diversification Project X EU $.27 (2012/1 3 funding ) Livelihoods Diversification Project Consolidating community based seed production and supply in South Sudan X Govern ment of France (Minstry of Foeign Affairs) X X 2011-12 $.66 Key: 1= Natural Resource Management; 2= Market Access and Trade; 3= Livelihood and basic services support; 4= Disaster Risk Management; 5= Research and Knowledge Management; 6 = PeaceBuilding and Conflict Resolution. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 98 Annex 3 Accompanying Notes Information was derived from a number of sources including development partners and the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. There is therefore potential for some overlap and repetition in the information as well as gaps. Data shows overall growing donor support to the natural resources sector with the largest bilateral partners by expenditure being USA, EU, Japan, CIDA, the Netherlands, AusAID and the UK. The largest multilateral partners by expenditure were EU, UNDP, UNICEF, and World Bank In 2011 no aid was provided to South Sudan in the form of Budget Support, but in the 2012 – 2013 austerity budget, there was donor budget support of 68% donor contribution to the Economic Sector which houses the Natural Resources Sector Within the Natural Resources Sector, the larger share of the funding goes to agriculture, forestry, cooperatives and rural development, approximately 70% of the total of the Natural Resources Sector; the donor allocations to the livestock sector in 2012/13 declined and is about 21%. Land management receives negligible allocations At present, due to low capacity of government institutions and systems, most development partner-supported projects are not managed directly by government. Most DP’s are therefore interested in addressing this gap by contributing to enhancement of government systems and capacity For coherence , to build synergy and to reduce fragmentation, there is DP coordination through the Budget Sector Working Groups notably the Natural Resources and Rural Development Donor group There are other smaller contributions that the Sector Aid Financial Plan does not capture References: MoFEP. 2012. Natural Resources Sector Aid Financing Plan. FY 2012/13 – FY 2014/15. May 2012 ANNEX 4: OVERVIEW OF ON-GOING AND PLANNED INTERVENTIONS BY CPP BY COMPONENT ANDSUB-COMPONENT South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 99 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b 1. Natural Resource Management 1.1 Water Resources Development 1. Irrigation Development Master Plan (IDMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-1014 $9.7M 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 1. Community Based Natural Resources Management EU $.28 (2012/13 funding) 1.2. Pasture and Land Development 1. Community Based Natural Resources Management EU $.28 (2012/13 funding) 2. Land Tenure and Transactions, Conflict Management EU Problably from 2014-16 Euors 5 M 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M Support to Food Security and Livelihoods through EU 2011-2013 $.08 South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 100 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b Community Based Natural Resource Management in South Sudan Sudan Rural Land Governance Project Tetra Tech USAID $1.15M 1.3. Securing Access to Natural Resources 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 1. Irrigation Development Master Plan (IDMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-1014 $9.7M 1.4. Environmental Management 1. Strengthening the Foundations for Environmental Governance and Natural Resource Management UNDP UNDP $1.34M (For 2012/13 Integrated and environmental sound livestock-crop production and marketing EU $2.5M +.65M) Support to Agriculture and Forestry Development Project. MAFCRD Norwegian Peoples Aid World Bank/ Mar 2008 – Dec 2012 $32M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 101 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b Also under 32 and 5.2 MDTF-SS 1. Conservation of Biodiversity across the Boma-Jongeli Landscape in South Sudan Wildlife Conservation Society USAID $3.5M 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 2. Market Access and Trade 2.1 Transport and MarketDevelopment 1. Feeder Roads and Rural Infrastructure including Stroage and Markets WFP EU Aug 12 – Aug 15 Euro 21 M 1. SORUDEV (South Sudan Rural Development Program) Technical Service Providers and NGO’s EU Dec 12-15 Euro 14 M 2. Rural Infrastructure: Feeder Roads, Storage, Markets WFP EU Probablyfrom 2014 - 16 Euro 25 M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 102 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M Food, Agribusiness and Rural Markets (FARM) Abt Associates USAID $5.1M Value Chains GIZ Germany $2M Support to Food Security and Livelihoods through Community Based Natural Resource Management in South Sudan EU $.29 (2012/13 funding) 2.2 SecuringLivestockMobility 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 2.3 Securing Financial Transaction 1. Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund PrivateSector DFID $3.65 M 2. Rural Finance EU Probablyfrom 2014-16 Euro 5 M 2. Agribusiness EU Probablyfrom 2014-16 Euro 5 M 2. Comprehensive Agriculture MAFCRD/ All JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 103 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MARF/ MWRI Development Partners 2.4 Transboundary Disease and SPS Measures and Standards 1. Livestock Epidemio Surveillance Project (LESP) South Sudan Sub-Project EU $.92M (2012/13 funding) 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 3. Livelihood Support 3.1 Livestock Production and Health Livestock Training Centre (Marial Lou) Government of Netherlands (Ministry of Development Cooperation) $1M (for 2012/13) Support to Agriculture Production Technical Service Providers and NGO’s EU Probably 2014-16 Euro 10M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 104 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b 1. Sudan Productive Capacity Reconstruction Program (SPCRP) : Bahr el Ghazal Livestock Production and Marketing Project STABEX 02 EU Ending 2013 $3.67M 1. Food Security and Livelihood Advancement in Hiyala and Ikotos Countries, Eastern EquatoriaState EU 2011-2013 $1.59 2. Livestock Epidemio Surveillance Project (LESP) South Sudan Sub-Project EU $.92M (2012/13 funding) 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 1. Irrigation Development MAFCRD/ All JICA 2012-1014 $9.7M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 105 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b Master Plan (IDMP) Formulation MARF/ MWRI Development Partners 3.2 Agricultural Production and Productiity Support to Agriculture and Forestry Development Project. Also under 1.4 and 5.2 MAFCRD Norwegian Peoples Aid World Bank/ MDTF-SS Mar 2008 – Dec 2012 $32M 1. Building Capacity for Long Term Food Security in Eastern Equatoria State EU 2011-2013 $1.18 2. Increasing food production and income through input (seeds) and implement distribution and training on use of ox ploughs World Relief Canada CIDA $1.63M 1. Food Security and Livelihood Advancement in Hiyala and Ikotos Countries, Eastern EquatoriaState EU 2011-2013 $1.59 3. Support to Agriculture Technical EU Probably Euro 10M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 106 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b Production Service Providers and NGO’s 2014-16 1. Aweil Technical Rehabilitation Project EU Ending 2012 $.5M (2012 13) 1. SORUDEV (South Sudan Rural Development Program) Technical Service Providers and NGO’s EU Dec 12-15 Euro 14 M 2. Rural Infrastructure: Feeder Roads, Storage, Markets WFP EU Probablyfrom 2014 - 16 Euro 25 M 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 1. Irrigation Development Master Plan (IDMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-1014 $9.7M 1. Seeds for Development McKinsey, IFDC and AGRA Private Sector USAID $11.3M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 107 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b 1. Promote resilience, production and market access for community SC, CRS and JAM USAID June 2011 Dec 2015 50M 1. Promote Food security and resilience SC ECHO July-Dec 2012 448,000 1. Promote food security and resilience for community SC CHF Jan 2012 March 2013 315,000 1. Promote food security SC, ZOA, TPO, CARE Dutch Government 2011-2015 1.5M 1. Reconstruction and stabilization of Livelihoods GIZ Geermany $8.75 1. Consolidating community based seed production and supply in South Sudan Government of France (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 2011-12 $.66 3.3 FisheriesDevelopment 1. Sudan Productive Capacity Reconstruction Program (SPCRP) : EU Ending 2012 $4.0 (2012/13 only) South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 108 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b Nyal-Shambe-terkeka Fisheries Production and Marketing Project (Model Project) and STABEX 04 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 3.4 Income Diversification 1. Livelihoods Diversification Project EU $.27 (2012/13 funding) 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 3.5 Productive and Social Safety Nets 1. Emergency Food Crisis Response Project MAFCRD NPA, AHI, World Vision, ACTED World Bank/ MDTF-SS Oct 2008 – June 2013 $10.2 M 1.Support for Productive Safety Net Programme, Urban Livelihoods and Market WFP DFID $13 M 1. National Strategic Grain WFP WFP $35.5M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 109 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b Reserves 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 3.6 Access to Basic Social Services Water and Sanitation Pooled Fund KfW EU Probably 2014-16 Euro 20M Rebuilding Higher Education in Agriculture (RHEA) and JohnGarangMemorialUniversity for Science and Technology (JG-MUST) Virginia Tech and American Council USAID $3.5M 4. Pastoral DisasterRisk Management 4.1 Early Warning/ Response System 2. Improve Food Security Information System FAO EU Dec 2012 – Dec 16 Euro 7 M Sudan Institutional Capacity Programme: Food Security Information for Action (SIFSIA) FAO EU 2010-2012 $4.17M Food Security Thematic Program (FSTP) all components combined EU 2010-2013 $17.39M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 110 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation JICA 4.2 Climate Monitoring and Climate Change Adaptation 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation JICA 5. Research and Knowledge Management 5.1 Support to Adaptive Research 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M Agricultural Extension, Research and Training: YeiCropTrainingCenter/ Yei Research Centre MAFCRD JICA On-goiing $0.8M (Funding for 2012/130 5.2 Advisory and Extension System Support to Agriculture and Forestry Development Project. Also under MAFCRD Norwegian Peoples Aid World Bank/ MDTF-SS Mar 2008 – Dec 2012 $32M 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M Agricultural Extension, MAFCRD JICA On-goiing $0.8M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 111 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b Research and Training: YeiCropTrainingCenter/ Yei Research Centre (Funding for 2012/130 Agricultural Extension Expert MAFCRD JICA $0.8M (For 2012/13) 5.3 Knowledge Management and Communication 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 6. Conflict Resolution and PeaceBuilding 6.1 ConflictResolution 1. Land Tenure and Transactions, Conflict Management EU Problably from 2014-16 Euors 5 M 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M 1. Cross-Border Conflict Prevention and Peace building Concordis EU On-going Euro 1.2M 1. Community Security & Arms Control Project UNDP EU On-going Euro 1.8M South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 112 Component Sub component 1) Ongoing Interventions 2) Planned Interventions Lead Agencies Key Implementing Partner(s) Funding Agency/ Donor(s) Start-End Budget /a A) Success Stories for Scaling up /b B) Challenges/Obstacles in Implementation and Potential Risks /b C) Potential Synergies and Links with Past and Ongoing Interventions /b 1. Security and Access to Justice: Quick Impact Projects Basket Fund IOM EU On-going Eurp 3M 6.2 Peace Building 1. Community Security & Arms Control Project UNDP EU On-going Euro 1.8M 1. Cross-Border Conflict Prevention and Peace building Concordis EU On-going Euro 1.2M 1. Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan (CAMP) Formulation MAFCRD/ MARF/ MWRI All Development Partners JICA 2012-2014 $9.9M Annex 4 Accompanying Notes: An overview of the findings show that in relation to drought resilience/ ending drought emergencies:  Generally there are existent interventions that contribute to the CPP Component areas across the components. However, the stated objectives are largely not directly or necessarily directly tied to reducing drought emergencies and increasing resilience to drought  Most of the initiatives, i.e., 63% were for two or less years i.e., short-term, 24% were for 3-4 years, The ones that were funded for five or more years i.e., on-going were largely emergency programs and those related with conflict management and peace building. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 113  The funding across the component areas is fragmented: no Component is currently consistently strongly supported by funding and or interventions across all the Sub-Components: o The most well-funded Sub-components with a number of interventions are 2.1 Transport and Market Development and 3.2 Agricultural Production o The Sub-components that are moderately well intervened in and for which there is substantive funding are 3.5 Productive and Social Safety Nets, 4.1 Early Warning specifically Food Security issues and Food Security Information to support emergency response. There are also substantive interventions and funding for Sub-Component 6.1 Conflict Resolution. o The Component that has low intervention and funding across Sub-Components is Component 5 o Areas with very low to low intervention/ funding include Component 1 especially 1.2 and 1.3. Sub-Component 1.1 is subsumed under Component 3. The issues related to Component 1 appear not to be well articulated in relation to drought resilience. o Under Component 2 Market Access and Trade: 2.2 Securing Livestock Mobility appears not to have a dedicated intervention and funding. 2.3 Securing Financial Transactions / rural finance is poorly covered but there is potential for funding in the next few years, with key donors like the EU indicating interest o Livestock and fisheries are poorly covered. There is indication from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning that funding is dipping, the data shows major programmes and projects closing within 2012. o Sub-Component 2.4 Transboundary Disease and SPS Measures and Standards, important to unlocking capacity for export trade is poorly covered o There appears to be greater focus on conflict resolution, addressing the manifest actual conflicts and violence, and the related emergencies and less on peace building which addresses the underlying causes  In summary: o Focus is on infrastructure development, increased agricultural production (through triangulation with the national budget trends and the analysis from Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning mostly within the crop sector) o Other focal areas are those related to emergency response i.e., Food Security, information for responding to food emergencies, strategic grain reserves and conflict resolution o Most interventions and funding is short to very short term reflecting the emergency focus; where it is on-going it is to address incessant manifestation of conflict and emergencies o There are many opportunities for synergy with existing and planned initiatives and building on those that are ending South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 114 o Donors indicating interest in linking objectives, interventions and targets to addressing drought resilience within their programming For triangulation purposes, a UN-OCHA draft mapping was analyzed and the results of the brief analysis presented in Annex 5 below. South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 115 ANNEX 5: MAPPING OF DEVELOPMENT PARTNER SPENDING ON NATURAL RESOURCES PER THEME (From Draft Map by UN-OCHA) State Zone R o a d s & I n fr a st r u c tu r e A g r ic u lt u r a l P r o d u c ti o n F o o d S e c u r it y C a p a c it y B u il d in g P r iv a te S e c to r S u p p o r t A g r ic u lt u r e P la n n in g L a n d T e n u r e Ir r ig a ti o n P la n n in g L iv e li h o o d s R u r a l F in a n c e E n v ir o n m e n t A g r ic u lt u r a l E x te n si o n a n d R e se a r c h U n sp e c if ie d N a ti o n a l a n d S ta te T o ta ls P e r c e n ta g e National 25 13.12 3.5 14.5 9.92 9.71 1.62 50 127.37 27% Western Bahr el Ghazal 19.06 9.06 3.38 8.31 1.56 1.56 1.56 44.49 9 % Northern Bahr el Ghazal Western Flood Plains/ Sudano Sahelian dry, sub-humid, semi-arid belt 19.06 9.06 3.38 5.31 1.56 1.56 1.56 41.49 9% Warrap Western Flood Plains/ Sudano Sahelian dry, sub-humid, semi-arid belt 19.06 9.06 3.25 5.31 1.56 1.56 1.56 41.36 9% South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 116 Central Eqautoria 18.6 4.4 4.3 3 5.53 2.92 38.75 8% Unity 19.06 9.06 0.13 5.31 1.56 1.56 1.56 0 38.24 8% Lakes 19.06 9.06 0.13 5.31 1.56 1.56 1.56 38.24 8% Eastern Equatoria Arid Zone/ Most drought prone 18.6 6.2 4.3 1.87 2.92 33.89 7% Western Equatoria 18.6 4.4 1.67 1.87 1 2.92 30.46 6% Jonglei Arid Zone/ Most drought prone/ Part of Eastern Flood Plains 0 8 11 1.5 0 1 0 0 4 25.5 5% Upper Nile 7.5 3.25 10.75 2% Total 151.1 100.8 47.91 37.55 31.57 9.92 9.8 9.71 8.76 7.8 4 1.62 50 470.54 100% Percent 32 21 10 8 7 2 2 2 2 2 1 0.3 11 100 Accompanying Notes for Annex 5 * This table, derived from a UN-OCHA mapping of donor spending on natural resources per theme in [2012] examines expenditure in the Natural Resources Sector but provides no assessment against other sectors relevant to the Drought Resilience. The findings are generally congruent with the findings of a cursory analysis of the budget trends in the Natural Resources Sector and of Annex 4. * The largest expenditures are for Roads and Infrastructure and Agricultural Production which together account for just over half (53%) of all funding * Food Security, CapacityBuilding and Private Sector Support make up another 25% * There is limited funding of Land Tenure, Livelihoods, Rural Finance and Environment, amounting to only 7% of the funding in the sector South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 117 * Agricultural Extension and Research is particularly poorly funded, only 0.3% * There is a fair balance in funding to the states except for Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Western Equatoria and Upper Nile which are receiving between 7% and 2%, respectively compared to an average of 8-9% South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 118 ANNEX 6: PROCESSES AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS FOR THE SOUTH SUDAN CPP March – September 2012 (Note: The annex includes the list of participants and the agendas/ key discussion points) Date Process Stakeholder(s) Key Discussions/ Outputs/ Comments March Drafting of the initial document Dr. Elijah Mukhala, FAO Juba and Consultant Initial draft for circulation to government First government inter ministerialmulti-sectoral consultation on the initial CPP (by Dr. Elijah) Four Ministers, their Under-Secretaries, Director Generals, Directors from **** sectors (Annex 1)  Agreement on the CPP concept and rationale, the goal and objectives, key intervention areas under each component  Built ownership and consensus across the sectors Intra-ministerial consultations to refine the document based on the inter-ministerial consultation The different ministries that attended the consultation  Sectoral input into the document Refinement of the document incorporating feedback from the  Refined first draft of the document  Powerpoint South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 119 government consultation and from the different ministries presentation for the Minister to deliver at the regional inter governmental ministerial meeting in Nairobi April Presentation of the document by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development at the inter governmental ministerial meeting in Nairobi A delegation representing South Sudan  Initial agreements at the regional level June Document circulated to the relevant ministries All the ministries that attended the initial consultation Circulation of the document to selected donors, followed by consultations World Bank, UNDP and European Union (Annex 2) Most donors were not available during this period Circulation of the document to CSO’s/NGO’s and private sector followed by consultations The FARM Project, Abt Associates; Action Against Hunger, South Sudan; Norwegian People’s Aid; VSF Belgium; VSF Suisse; Catholic Diocese of Torit; VSF Germany, FARM Africa, Save the Children (Annex 2) Feedback on the document from CSO’s/NGO’s South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 120 Through the IGAD EDE Regional Platform Country Assessment process consultations on the CPP Various consultations Information relevant to the CPP South Sudan CAADP discussions Various consultations Information relevant to the CPP July Refinement of the CPP based on comments from the consultations and inputs Document that integrated comments from stakeholders other than government August Information on on-going and planned initiatives Received from EU, WB, JICA, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, The FARM Project, AbtAssociates; Action Against Hunger, South Sudan; Norwegian People’s Aid; VSF Belgium; VSF Suisse; Catholic Diocese of Torit; VSF Germany, FARM Africa Compilation of annexes 3 and 4 In-depth discussions with government: 3 day process (annexes 3-5) Consolidated input from government with multi sectoral agreements and consensus across the whole document Gaps identified especially in South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 121 coordination mechanisms that require ministerial level decisions Agreement on what should be the discussions with donors and non-state actors September Donor consultation dialogue See annex 7 Donor views on the different issues in the CPP Refinement of the document integrating information from all stakeholders and completing the RBF Draft sent for the Quality Review process Draft re-circulated to all stakeholders South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 122 Annex 6.1: Attendance list for the first Inter-ministerial consultation on the initial draft of the CPP (From Dr. Elijah Mukhala) Annex 6.2: Donors and CSO’s/NGO’s who were visited and to whom the document was circulated Organization Name and Position Phone Contact Email Address Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of South Sudan MassimilianoPedretti, Programme Manager +211-959 200102 Massimiliano.Pedretti @eeas.europa.eu The World Bank, JubaSouth Sudan Abel Lufafa, Senior Agricultural Specialist +249-955 499389 Alufafa@worldbank.o rg United Nations Development Programme, South Sudan Office, Juba Martin Dramani, Program Analyst, Crisis Prevention and Recovery +249-122 085290 martin@dramani@un dp.org Food Security and Livelihoods Cluster, FAO MtendereMphatso, Food Security and Livelihood Cluster Coordinator +211-955581713 Mtendere.mphatso@fa o.org ZacchaeusNdirima, Information Manager, Food Security and Livelihood Cluster +211-956751662 Zndirima@gmail.com FARM Project/ Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development LawrenceOtika Joseph +211-959 000807 Lawrence Otika@sud anfarm.org Norwegian People’s Aid, Ezana G. Kassa, Program +211-955- ezanak@npaid.org mailto:Massimiliano.Pedretti@eeas.europa.eu mailto:Massimiliano.Pedretti@eeas.europa.eu mailto:Alufafa@worldbank.org mailto:Alufafa@worldbank.org mailto:martin@dramani@undp.org mailto:martin@dramani@undp.org mailto:Mtendere.mphatso@fao.org mailto:Mtendere.mphatso@fao.org mailto:Zndirima@gmail.com mailto:Lawrence Otika@sudanfarm.org mailto:Lawrence Otika@sudanfarm.org mailto:ezanak@npaid.org South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 123 Organization Name and Position Phone Contact Email Address South Sudan Programme Manager – Rural Development 061761 +211-977 120261 skype: ezanag Action Against Hunger International, South SudanMission HanibalAbiyWorku, Country Director +211-912 730534 +211-927 820119 Hom.ssd@acf international.org The FARM Project, AbtAssociates, South Sudan David C.S. Hughes, Chief of Party +249-959 000811 +249-924 875085 David Hughes@suda nfarm.org Skype: jfs hughes Save the Children Denis Poggo, Food Security and Livelihoods Advisor +211-955 023259 DPoggo@savethechild ren.org.sd Catholic Diocese of Torit, National NGO (emailed/ phone conversation) Denis Okumu +211-955 399622 Cdotf@yahoo.com FARMAfrica (email/ phone conversation) Jacob Mutemi +254-20 2732203 Jacob@farm africa.org jacobmutemi@yahoo. com VSFBeligum (email) Dr. Wilson Makuwaza, Country Director +211-955 166031 wmakuwaza@vsfb.or. ke VSF Suisse (email) DavisIkiror +211-955 122160 dikiror@yahoo.com dikiror@vsfsuisse.org Key issues discussed: the concept and rationale, the objectives, the relevance of the initiative, what existing initiatives to build on, their interest in the initiative and what they would specifically contribute to the initiative. Provided feedback on the CPP annex tables. mailto:Hom.ssd@acf-international.org mailto:Hom.ssd@acf-international.org mailto:David Hughes@sudanfarm.org mailto:David Hughes@sudanfarm.org mailto:DPoggo@savethechildren.org.sd mailto:DPoggo@savethechildren.org.sd mailto:Cdotf@yahoo.com mailto:Jacob@farm-africa.org mailto:Jacob@farm-africa.org mailto:jacobmutemi@yahoo.com mailto:jacobmutemi@yahoo.com mailto:wmakuwaza@vsfb.or.ke mailto:wmakuwaza@vsfb.or.ke mailto:dikiror@yahoo.com mailto:dikiror@vsfsuisse.org South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 124 Annex 6.3: Attendance – Government Consultation Meeting at Cassava Board Room, MAFCRD on 30 th August 2012 Chair: John Pangech, MAFCRD Name Designation Organization Phone Email 1. Allison Barnaba Director, Emergency Response and Preparedness Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management 0956 009772 bawoyo@yahoo.com 2. Stephen Doctor Director General Trade Ministry of Commerce, Investment and Industry 0912 646871 sjorbek@yahoo.co 3. Joseph Akim Deputy Director Extension Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0955 509359 Akim gordon@hotmail.com 4. ErneoBalasio Director Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0956 054046 Erneo bal@rocketmail.com 5. KenyiBullen Director Agro Forestry/ Extension Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0956 014275 Bullen.baggu@yahoom.com 6. Martin Yongo Acting Director, Private Sector Development Ministry of Commerce, Investment and Industry 0955 776657 martinyongo@yahoo.com 7. William Olami Director General Ministry of Animal Industry and Fisheries 0955 550763 Athilapril1956@gmail.com 8. John Pangech Director Planning Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0918 658700 0955 750282 jopangech@yahoo.co.uk mailto:bawoyo@yahoo.com mailto:sjorbek@yahoo.co mailto:Akim gordon@hotmail.com mailto:Erneo bal@rocketmail.com mailto:Bullen.baggu@yahoom.com mailto:martinyongo@yahoo.com mailto:Athilapril1956@gmail.com mailto:jopangech@yahoo.co.uk South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 125 9. ManaseYangaLaki Acting Coordinator Food Security Technical Secretariat, National Bureau of Statistics 0955 152013 Laki.manaseyanga@yahoo.com 10. Elijah Mukhala Technical Officer FAO 0955 012558 Elijah.Mukhala@fao.org 11. Butrus Apollo Coordinator SouthSudanLand Commission 0955 361971 Skyline1013@yahoo.com 12. Martha Biong Acting Director Ministry of Environment 0955 633081 marthabiong@yahoo.com 13. Ukuni Paul Program Officer South Sudan Business Forum 0956 275297 ukunipaul@gmail.com 14. Pastor Jimmy Kato Secretary South Sudan Agricultural Producers Union 0955 221560 Jimmykato2003@yahoo.com 15. Sarah Ossiya Consultant FAO 0956 603207 SCOssiya@hotmail.com Agenda: 1. Update on the CPP 2. Review and agree on the rationale and strategic direction of the document including goal and objectives 3. Agreement on key issues for the CPP to address including targetting Annex 6.4: Attendance – Government Consultation Meetingat Cassava Board Room, MAFCRD on 4 th September 2012 Chair: John Pangech, MAFCRD Name Designation Organization Phone Email 1. KenyiBullen Director Agro Forestry/ Extension Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0956 014275 Bullen.baggu@yahoom.com 2. ErneoBalasio Director Ministry of Agriculture, 0956- Erneo bal@rocketmail.com mailto:Laki.manaseyanga@yahoo.com mailto:Elijah.Mukhala@fao.org mailto:Skyline1013@yahoo.com mailto:marthabiong@yahoo.com mailto:ukunipaul@gmail.com mailto:Jimmykato2003@yahoo.com mailto:SCOssiya@hotmail.com mailto:Bullen.baggu@yahoom.com mailto:Erneo bal@rocketmail.com South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 126 Mechanization Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 054046 3. Martin Yongo Acting Director, Private Sector Development Ministry of Commerce, Investment and Industry 0955 776657 martinyongo@yahoo.com 4. Ukuni Paul Program Officer South Sudan Business Forum 0956 275297 ukunipaul@gmail.com 5. Martha Biong Acting Director Ministry of Environment 0955 633081 marthabiong@yahoo.com 6. John Pangech Director Planning Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0918 658700 0955 750282 jopangech@yahoo.co.uk 7. Noel Lomude Investments and Marketing Officer Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries 0911 622511 noelocypren@yahoo.com 8. RhonaWalusimbi M&E Consultant FAO 0954 153924 Rhona.Walusimbi@fao.org 9. Emmanuel D. Samuel Food Security Technical Secretariat/ National Bureau of Statistics Emmanueldajo@yahoo.com 10. Joseph Akim Deputy Director Extension Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0955 509359 Akim gordon@hotmail.com 11. Mary Benjamin Loki Director Post Harvest Management and Home Economics Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development Msande loki@yahoo.com 12. Pastor Jimmy Kato Secretary South Sudan Agricultural Producers Union 0955 221560 Jimmykato2003@yahoo.com mailto:martinyongo@yahoo.com mailto:ukunipaul@gmail.com mailto:marthabiong@yahoo.com mailto:jopangech@yahoo.co.uk mailto:noelocypren@yahoo.com mailto:Rhona.Walusimbi@fao.org mailto:Emmanueldajo@yahoo.com mailto:Akim gordon@hotmail.com mailto:Msande loki@yahoo.com mailto:Jimmykato2003@yahoo.com South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 127 13. Sarah Ossiya Consultant FAO 0956 603207 SCOssiya@hotmail.com Agenda: 1. Humanitarian versus development 2. Proposed areas of intervention at national level 3. Implementation and coordination mechanism Annex 6. 5: Government Consultation Meeting Held on 6 th September 2012 at Cassava Board Room, MAFCRD Chair: John Pangech, MAFCRD Name Designation Organization Phone Email 1. Joseph Simyu Food Security and Livelihoods Manager Human Development Council 0955 200797 Hdcssudan@gmail.com 2. Martin Yongo Acting Director, Private Sector Development Ministry of Commerce, Investment and Industry 0955 776657 martinyongo@yahoo.com 3. Ukuni Paul Program Officer South Sudan Business Forum 0956 275297 ukunipaul@gmail.com 4. KenyiBullen Director Agro Forestry/ Extension Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0956 014275 Bullen.baggu@yahoom.com 5. John Pangech Director Planning Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0918 658700 0955 750282 jopangech@yahoo.co.uk 6. Martha Biong Acting Director Ministry of Environment 0955 633081 marthabiong@yahoo.com 7. ErneoBalasio Director Ministry of Agriculture, 0956- Erneo bal@rocketmail.com mailto:SCOssiya@hotmail.com mailto:Hdcssudan@gmail.com mailto:martinyongo@yahoo.com mailto:ukunipaul@gmail.com mailto:Bullen.baggu@yahoom.com mailto:jopangech@yahoo.co.uk mailto:marthabiong@yahoo.com mailto:Erneo bal@rocketmail.com South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 128 Mechanization Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 054046 8. RhonaWalusimbi M&E Consultant FAO 0954 153924 Rhona.Walusimbi@fao.org 9. Pastor Jimmy Kato Secretary South Sudan Agricultural Producers Union 0955 221560 Jimmykato2003@yahoo.com 10. Joseph Akim Deputy Director Extension Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development 0955 509359 Akim gordon@hotmail.com 11. Mary Benjamin Loki Director Post Harvest Management and Home Economics Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development Msande loki@yahoo.com 12. Sarah Ossiya Consultant FAO 0956 603207 SCOssiya@hotmail.com Agenda: 1. Results Based Framework: country level impact, six outcomes, and output areas 2. M&E system 3. Next steps including areas of consultation with non-state actors and development partners Annex 6.6: Consultation with Key Development Partners: Attendance List and Meeting Agenda Meeting held on 7 th September 2012, hosted by USAID/ MSI at their offices in Juba, South Sudan Convener: Cesar Guvele, USAID/MSI Development Partner/ Agency Name Phone Contact Email Address DFID Joan Teria 0959-200011 J-Gabbu@dfid.gov.uk FARM Project David Hughes 0959-000811 David hughes@Sudanfarm.org mailto:Rhona.Walusimbi@fao.org mailto:Jimmykato2003@yahoo.com mailto:Akim gordon@hotmail.com mailto:Msande loki@yahoo.com mailto:SCOssiya@hotmail.com mailto:J-Gabbu@dfid.gov.uk mailto:David hughes@Sudanfarm.org South Sudan Country Programme Paper to End Drought Emergencies – Final Document page 129 World Bank Abel Lufafa 0955-499389 alufaf@worldbank.org USAID/MSI Cesar Guvele 0912-040020 Cguvele@msi-sudan.com European Union John Spilsbury John spilsbury@hotmail.com JICA Emmanuel Minari Emmanuel.minari@gmail.com CIDA Nancy J. Foster 0955-584644 Nancy.foster@internationalaid.gc.ca JICA- CAMP (Comprehensive Agriculture Master Plan) SatokoEmoto 0954-322165 Watanabe.s@idcj.or.jp FAO Elijah Mukhala 0955-012558 Elijah.Mukhala@fao.org Consultant/FAO Sarah Ashanut Ossiya O956-603207 SCOssiya@hotmail.com The key objectives of the dialogue were: 1. To present the CPP: the process of its development and its key facets 2. Dialogue on key areas including the rationale, the strategic direction and the key intervention areas 3. Dialogue on the priority outputs building on success stories, challenges and potential risks, potential synergies and links with past and on-going interventions 4. Discussion on a combined approach for humanitarian and development interventions in the South Sudan context 5. Discussion on the implementation and institutional arrangements with indication of DP interest 6. Presentation and dialogue on the Results Based Framework and basis for an M&E system mailto:alufaf@worldbank.org mailto:Cguvele@msi-sudan.com mailto:John spilsbury@hotmail.com mailto:Emmanuel.minari@gmail.com mailto:Nancy.foster@internationalaid.gc.ca mailto:Watanabe.s@idcj.or.jp mailto:Elijah.Mukhala@fao.org mailto:SCOssiya@hotmail.com