National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone

36 Siaka Stevens Street Freetown, SIERRA LEONE info@energy.gov.sl Developed with technical assistance of: ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) http://www.ecreee.org Supported by: Within the framework of 2 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 4

2 SUMMARY OF NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY ........................................................................................ 5 Socio-economics of the Policy .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Economic Justification of the Policy ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Energy security and growth................................................................................................................................................... 7

3 SUMMARY OF TARGETS ............................................................................................................................................... 8

4 RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS AND TRAJECTORIES ............................................................................................ 9 4.1 Grid‐connected renewable energy targets...................................................................................................... 10 4.2. Off-grid renewable energy targets .................................................................................................................. 13 4.3. Renewable energy applications for domestic uses ......................................................................................... 22 4.3.1. Domestic cooking energy targets .................................................................................................................... 22 4.3.2. Solar thermal water heating ............................................................................................................................ 31 4.3.3. Biofuels ........................................................................................................................................................... 33 5. MEASURES FOR ACHIEVING THE TARGETS ................................................................................................................. 34 5.1. Summary tables of all policy measures to promote the use of renewable energy resources for grid connected and off-grid electricity generation, domestic cooking energy, solar water heating and biofuels ......................................... 34 5.2. Specific measures to fulfil the requirements under the EREP ........................................................................ 44 5.2.1. Administrative procedures and spatial planning ............................................................................................. 44 5.2.2. Technical specifications .................................................................................................................................. 47 5.2.3. Buildings ......................................................................................................................................................... 47 5.2.4. Information provision ....................................................................................................................................... 49 5.2.5. Certification for installers of RE equipment ..................................................................................................... 52 See d). ............................................................................................................................................................................ 52 5.2.6. Electricity infrastructure development ............................................................................................................. 53 Need to enact the appropriate legislation or regulation on RES to ensure that happens............................................... 54 5.2.7. Electricity network operation ........................................................................................................................... 54 The general regulatory rules as outlined in the EWRC apply......................................................................................... 55 5.2.8. Renewable energy applications for domestic uses ......................................................................................... 55 5.2.9. Biofuels– sustainability criteria and compliance verification .......................................................................... 56 Inter-departmental ministerial coordination activities will be ensured as stipulated in the RE policy. ................................. 56 5.3. Support schemes to promote the use of energy from renewable resources in electricity applied in Sierra Leone. 56 5.4. Specific measures for the promotion of efficient cook stoves. ........................................................................ 61 Specific measures to promote efficient cook stoves: .......................................................................................................... 62 5.5. Specific measures to promote efficient charcoal production ........................................................................... 63 5.6. Specific measures to promote modern fuel alternatives for cooking .............................................................. 64 Specific measures to promote modern fuel alternatives for cooking:.................................................................................. 64 5.7. Support schemes to promote the use of biofuels ............................................................................................ 65 3 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone The support schemes to promote the use of biofuels are: .................................................................................................. 65 5.8. Specific measures to promote the sustainable use of energy from biomass .................................................. 65 5.8.1. Biomass use (forestry residues, municipal waste, agricultural waste) ............................................................ 66 5.8.2. Biomass supply ............................................................................................................................................... 67 5.8.3. Measures to increase biomass availability ...................................................................................................... 68 6. LINK WITH REGIONAL INITIATIVES ............................................................................................................................ 69 7. PREPARATION OF THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN AND FOLLOW-UP OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................................................................................. 71 ANNEX I - Definition of terms used in the action plan ............................................................................................................. 72 ANNEX II – REGIONAL INITIATIVES IN RENEWABLE ENERGY ......................................................................................... 80

1 INTRODUCTION The ECOWAS Renewable Energy Policy (EREP) and the ECOWAS Energy Efficiency Policy (EEEP) were adopted by the ECOWAS Member States in October 2012 and the ECOWAS Heads of States on 18 July 2013. The policy documents were prepared with technical support from the ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) and a broad range of international partners (UNIDO, EUEI-PDF, GEF-SPWA, Austria, and Spain). The policies include minimum targets and scenarios for renewable energy (RE) and energy efficiency (EE) and measures, standards and incentives to be implemented at both regional and national levels. The EREP foresees the development of National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs) by all fifteen ECOWAS Member States, by the end of 2014. The five-year rolling NREAPs will contribute to the achievement of the regional EREP targets by 2020 and 2030. The NREAPs have been prepared by the ECOWAS Member States in accordance with a template provided by ECREEE. The NREAPs include baseline data on the status of renewable energy development, and propose attainable and renewable energy targets, incl. gender disaggregated indicators, based on national potential and socio-economic assessments. Moreover, an overview of concrete laws, incentives and measures to be implemented by the country to achieve the targets has been included. The implementation of the NREAPs will be monitored by the Ministry of Energy and ECREEE on behalf of the ECOWAS Commission, during a continued consultative process. The NREAP template was prepared with technical assistance from ECREEE. The NREAP development process has been supported by a broad range of partners, such as UNIDO, the GEF within the Strategic Programme for West Africa, the European Union, AfDB, GIZ, IRENA, and the Governments of Austria and Spain. 4 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone

2 SUMMARY OF NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY Sierra Leone is endowed with huge renewable energy potential which is grossly untapped and underutilized due to lack of government policy direction, lack of financial resources and inadequate research and development of renewable energy technologies. The high dependency on fossil fuel for electricity generation and transport is causing a huge burden on the national budget, coupled with climate change, other adverse environmental impacts and the effect of greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, it is essential that a coordinated, coherent and comprehensive National Renewable Energy Policy (NREP) be put in place to drive hydropower, bio-energy, solar and wind power as energy sources. The Renewable Energy Policy advanced in this document is intended to serve as a blueprint for the sustainable development, supply and utilization of energy resources within the economy for both grid and off-grid energy solutions. Rural areas that are remote and have a low demand density will have to depend on off-grid energy solutions as the economies of grid deployment do not favour rural electrification. Off-grid areas will have to depend on alternative solutions. The implication of this strategy for improved energy supply across Sierra Leone will entail the utilization of renewable energy sources at our disposal, both on and off-grid. The Sierra Leone energy policy adopted in 2009 and the Agenda for Prosperity (AfP, 2013) attempted to touch on renewable energy issues, however, they were limited in their scope to only mentioning general issues without giving the detailed framework required to make the difference. Furthermore, this NREAP will deal with the specific needs of the electricity sector in the context of the on-going electricity reforms and public private partnership (PPP) policies. It has therefore become necessary to have an integrated Renewable Energy Action Plan that addresses the important needs of the Sierra Leone electricity supply industry, backed up by an integrated resource plan. In addition, Sierra Leone needs the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) to achieve national policy objectives that are in line with the EREP (which was adopted by all 15 Member States, including Sierra Leone). Development partners are to support the Government in achieving its own objectives. The NREP and NREAP objectives and implementation strategies have been carefully defined and aligned, with the fundamental guiding premises being that energy is crucial for achieving national development goals and that government has a prime role in meeting the energy challenges facing the nation. Therefore, this renewable energy action plan is designed to pave the way for detailed legislation, policies and regulations. Consequently the overall renewable energy policy objectives may be summarized as follows: i. To ensure the development of the nation's energy resources, for national energy security and optimal energy resource mix; ii. To guarantee adequate, reliable, affordable, equitable and sustainable supply of renewable energy in an environmentally friendly manner. To establish the process of acquisition and diffusion of technology, managerial expertise and indigenous participation in the renewable energy sector industry, for stability and self-reliance; iii. To promote investments and development of the renewable energy sector, with substantial public private partnership (PPP) projects. 5 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone iv. To ensure integrated and well informed sources of renewable energy, with plans and programmes for effective development; v. To successfully use the nation's abundant energy resources to promote international cooperation. vi. To bring abundant electricity access to the population; vii. To develop the nation’s renewable energy resources through the establishment of appropriate financing mechanisms that support private investment in the subsector; viii. To ensure effective coordination and collaboration among all players in renewable energy activities in Sierra Leone. Socio-economics of the Policy Since the end of the internal conflict in 2002, Sierra Leone has made significant progress in consolidating peace and security country-wide and in rebuilding its economy, which was nearly destroyed by the decade-long conflict. The country has successfully implemented two medium-term development strategies that invested in peace and state-building, mainly through consolidation and infrastructure enhancement and strengthening macroeconomic foundations by qualifying for debt relief under the Highly Indebt Poor Countries Initiative. The country is now classified as one of the world’s top ten business reformers and is a net recipient of millions of dollars in foreign direct investment. However, poverty rates are still high despite a reduction between 2003 (66%) and 2011 (53%) (MoFED Bulletin, 2013). Despite this notable progress, the underlying drivers of fragility continue to pose significant downside risks for the country’s development. High rates of youth unemployment, which stands at 70% in the Human Development Index 2013, gender inequality, high levels of perceived and real corruption, weak human and institutional capacities and poor economic governance systems, especially public financial management (PFM) and revenue management systems, constrain the Government’s capacity to implement its development agenda. Limited physical infrastructure, especially in energy, water supply and roads, inhibit inclusive and sustainable growth and limits the country’s ability to implement its transformation agenda. The application of renewable energy has the potential not only to raise Sierra Leone’s growth rate, but also to deepen its effect on other sectors of the economy. More adequate, reliable and affordable power supply will, for instance, enhance the modernization of agriculture and, in turn, support increased quality of life. Job creation, productive use and business development as well as improved social service delivery are likely results of implementing the action plan (Tarawalli. P, 2014). Economic Justification of the Policy Sierra Leone is blessed with abundant primary energy resources. These include crude oil and natural gas reserves and renewable energy resources such as hydro, fuel-wood, solar, wind and biomass. However, since independence (1961), the economy has been highly dependent on the importation of petroleum products to meet its electricity demand, while biomass remains the major source of energy in the country. 6 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Renewable energy is a clean and sustainable form of energy and contributes highly to improving the country’s socio-economic conditions. Renewable energy services could add monetary value, increase affordability and improve customers’ willingness to pay for services. Sierra Leone’s formal business sector is relatively small and gradually evolving, but the country is rated as one of the world’s top ten business reformers, improving its ranking from 176 (out of 185 countries) to 140 within a five- year period. The country has witnessed significant private sector business transactions as foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased three-fold during the past five years. Even though substantial infrastructure investments have occurred between 2009 and 2013, the gaps continue to be significant (Economic Outlook 2014). Currently, fuel-wood accounts for over 93% of overall domestic primary energy consumption in the country and is the dominant source of energy in the domestic sector. It is also used in other sectors of the economy, such as cottage industries. Over the years the fuel-wood supply/demand imbalance in some parts of the country has adversely affected the population’s economic well-being. At the national level, increasing fuel-wood consumption contributes to deforestation, with consequences for desertification and soil erosion. This action plan is also aimed at developing a robust forest management programme, in collaboration with the forestry sector, for sustainable use of fuel-wood energy, in order to reduce the rapid depletion of wood. Solar energy is an abundant resource throughout the country and is widely used, particularly for drying agricultural products. However, its use as a source of electricity is largely non-existent, with the exception of some public lighting and in some homes. Increased electricity production through this source offers a potential solution for powering the country's rural development (National Energy Profile, 2012). Offshore and onshore wind power plants are also considered to have great energy potential that can contribute to a more sustainable and ecologically sound energy generation landscape. However, like any other power generation project, wind farms are capital intensive and require a high degree of precision technology. Generally, wind parks are technically feasible at wind speeds of approximately 6 m/s and more. Therefore, Global Atlas – IRENA 2015 have indicated that Sierra Leone has a very good potential to harness energy from wind with an average wind velocity of 3 m/s to 8 m/s, especially in the south, east, coastal areas and offshore.. Small wind generators can be used in off-grid electricity generation on farms, in rural areas, and in homes. Such technology is simple and largely affordable. Energy security and growth Achieving sustainable energy security and growth through diversification of supply in Sierra Leone has remained one of the National Energy Policy’s key challenges, since a major portion of the nation’s electricity expenditure is heavily dependent on dollar-denominated imported fuels, which impose a heavy burden on the economy. In Sierra Leone, over-dependence on subsidized petroleum products as primary energy sources has slowed down the development of renewable energy. Diversification to achieve a wider energy supply mix will ensure greater energy security for the nation. The development of renewable energy from locally available energy resources should therefore be vigorously pursued. More evenly distributed power generation is an important consideration for the country’s energy sector, in terms of energy security and geo-political balance. The rural populaces, whose needs are often basic, depend to a large extent on traditional sources of energy, mainly biomass, used on inefficient appliances. This class of fuels for domestic consumption constitutes over 7 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 93% of total energy consumption in the country. Fuel-wood supply/demand imbalance in some parts of the country is now a real threat to the energy security of the rural communities. Electricity supply in rural areas is largely non-existent, inhibiting access to such things as lighting and refrigeration to almost 75% of the nation. The Government of Sierra Leone, through the Ministry of Energy, has initiated activities as part of its Integrated Electrification Plan; such as the development of schemes for providing hydropower electricity generation and solar photovoltaic street lights and solar lanterns to district headquarter towns that are expected to replace candles, illuminating paraffin and battery charging. Hence, special attention needs to be paid to the diversification of the energy supply mix in the rural areas. For further background information, e.g. on RE potential, as well as details on the RE policy, programmes, plans, other stakeholders etc. please refer to the baseline report that will be published on the ECREEE website.

3 SUMMARY OF TARGETS The tables 1 - 5 below show the status of renewable energy penetration within the grid system in 2010 and the targets Sierra Leone intends to achieve by 2020 and 2030 as a contribution to the attainment of the targets of the ECOWAS Renewable Energy Policy. Table 1: Targets for grid connected RE Installed capacity 2010 2020 2030 Renewable energy installed capacity in MW (including large 56 659 1,229 and medium scale hydro) Renewable energy share of the total installed capacity in % 57.8 52.3 65.3 (including medium and large hydro) Grid-connected generation 2010 2020 2030 Total renewable energy generation in GWh (including medium 152.52 3,505.64 6,686.76 and large hydro) Renewable energy share in the electricity mix in % (including 78.4 52.3 65.3 medium and large hydro) Source: MoE, SSL, EDSA, EGTC, Tarawalli, P. Energy Consultant & Team (2014) Table 2: Targets for off-grid applications 2010 2020 2030 Share of rural population served by off-grid (mini-grids and 0.4 14 37 stand-alone) renewable energy electricity services in % Source: MoE, SSL, EDSA, EGTC, Tarawalli, P. Energy Consultant & Team (2014) 8 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Table 3: Targets for domestic cooking energy 2010 2020 2030 Share of population using improved cook stoves in % 12.6 45 75 Share of charcoal produced by efficient charcoal production 1 16 36 technologies in % Share of population using modern fuel alternatives for cooking (e.g. LPG, biogas, solar cookers, ethanol gel fuel, 1 15 25 etc.) in % Source: MoE, SSL, MAFFS, PU, EUEI-PDF, Tarawalli, P. Energy Consultant & Team (2014). Table 4: Targets for solar water heaters Solar water heaters for sanitary hot water and preheating 2010 2020 2030 of industrial process water No. of residential buildings with solar thermal systems 12 480 1,880 Share of district health centres, maternities, school kitchens 0.1 55 100 and boarding schools with solar thermal systems in % Share of agro-food industries (preheating of process water) 0 25 60 with solar thermal systems in % Share of hotels with solar thermal systems in % 0.8 35 80 Source: MoE, SSL, MAFFS, PU, EUEI-PDF, Tarawalli, P. Energy Consultant & Team (2014). Table 5: Targets for biofuels 2010 2020 2030 Biofuels (1st generation)  Ethanol as share of gasoline consumption; 0.0:1 0.25:1 0.3:1  Biodiesel as share of diesel and fuel oil consumption 0.000004:1 0.0001:1 0.0002:1 Source: MoE, SSL, MAFFS, PU, EUEI-PDF, Tarawalli, P. Energy Consultant & Team (2014).

4 RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS AND TRAJECTORIES 9 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 4.1 Grid‐connected renewable energy targets Targets for grid-connected renewable energy share within the national electricity mix for the years 2020 and 2030 are shown in Table 6 . The expected trajectory for the growth of renewable energy use in each sector between 2010, 2020 and 2030 is developed based on the MoE strategy plan of action. The targets set will contribute to the achievement of the targets set in the EREP. Table 6: Targets for the share of grid-connected renewable energy in 2010, 2020 and 2030 Installed capacity 2010 2020 2030 Renewable energy installed capacity in MW (excluding medium 6 149 293 and large hydro) Renewable energy share of the total installed capacity in % 5.8 11.8 13.3 (excluding medium and large hydro) Large and medium scale hydropower capacity installed in MW 50 510 935 (more than 30 MW) Large and medium scale hydropower (more than 30 MW) share 52 40.5 42.5 of total electricity generation in % Total renewable energy capacity in MW (including large and 56 659 1,229 medium scale hydro) Renewable energy share of the total installed capacity in % 57.8 52.3 65.3 (including medium and large hydro) Grid-connected generation 2010 2020 2030 Renewable energy electricity generation in GWh (excluding 10.92 645.84 1,265.76 medium and large hydro) Renewable energy share in the electricity mix in % (excluding 5.6 9.1 10.2 medium and large hydro) Large and medium scale hydropower generation in GWh (more 141.6 2,864 5,371 than 30 MW) Large and medium scale hydropower generation (more than 30 72.8 40.5 43.5 MW) as share of electricity mix in % Total renewable energy generation in GWh (including medium 152.52 3,505.64 6,686.76 and large hydro) Renewable energy share in the electricity mix in % (including 78.4 52.3 65.3 medium and large hydro) 10 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Table 7: National 2020 and 2030 targets and estimated trajectory of grid-connected renewable energies (MW) 2010 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW Small hydro (up to 30 MW) 6 6.25 23 23 29 38 40 42 50 55 61 73 77 90 105 109 115 126 Medium and large hydro 50 50 50 122 182 254 306 510 643 662 704 793 793 830 830 897 897 935 (more than 30 MW) Solar 0 2.25 22 27 46 56 63 73 74 77 79 88 89 90 91 92 93 95 Wind 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 Bioenergy 0 0 15 15 17 17 32 32 41 43 44 50 55 57 61 63 65 68 Total 56 58.5 110 187 275 366 442 659 810 839 891 1007 1017 1070 1091 1165 1174 1,229 Source: MoE, SSL, EDSA, EGTC, MAFFS, EUEI-PDF 2013, Tarawalli, P. Energy Consultant & Team (2014) Table 8: National 2020 and 2030 targets and estimated trajectory of grid-connected renewable energy generation (GWh) 2010 2013* 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh 10.9 14.9 115 122.2 157. 189.6 211. 223. 260 292.5 329. 388. 409. 467. 559. 566. 598 680.4 Small hydro (up to 30 MW) 9 8 6 4 7 8 9 2 8 Medium and large hydro 141.6 132.9 250 648.4 991. 1,267 1,62 2,71 3,344. 3,521. 3,80 4,22 4,22 4,31 4,42 4,66 4,864. 5,049 (more than 30 MW) 3 .9 0.5 6.2 2 1 2.3 2.7 2.7 5.1 0.5 4.4 4 11 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 0 14.3 110 143.5 250. 279.5 333. 384. 388.8 409.5 426. 468. 473. 487. 499. 508. 513.6 523 Solar 5 6 7 6 6 7 9 6 4 Wind 0 0 0 0 4.9 5.4 5.6 10.4 10.6 10.6 14.2 15.9 16.9 17.9 21.3 21.8 22.8 27 0 0 75 75 84.8 92.5 169. 170. 213.2 228.7 237. 266. 292. 296. 324. 327. 338 367.2 Bioenergy 4 4 6 2 7 3 8 6 152.5 162.1 552 994 1,48 2,235 2,34 3,50 4,217 4,463 4,81 5,36 5,41 5,58 5,82 6,08 6,336. 6,686 Total 9.7 .2 1.4 5.6 0.2 2.2 5.9 3.3 5.6 9 8 .7 Source: MoE, SSL, EDSA, EGTC, MAFFS, EUEI-PDF 2013, Tarawalli, P. Energy Consultant & Team (2014) 12 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 4.2. Off-grid renewable energy targets Table 9 shows the electrification targets for 2020 and 2030, in general, as well as for the expected contribution of renewable energy based stand-alone systems and mini-grids. The trajectory expected for the growth of population with access to electricity between 2010, 2020 and 2030 is shown in Tables 10, 11 and 12. The national targets set will contribute to the achievement of the regional rural renewable energy electrification targets in the EREP. Table 9: Contribution of renewable energy to electricity access targets 2010 2020 2030 Share of population served by electricity services (%) 8.6 44 92 Share of population connected to the grid (%) 8.2 30 55 Share of rural population served by renewable energy and hybrid mini- 0.4 11 27 grids (%) Share of rural population served by standalone renewable energy 0.003 3 10 systems (%) Number of RE/hybrid mini-grids 2 25 65 Source: MoE, SSL, EDSA, EGTC, Tarawalli, P. Energy Consultant & Team (2014) 13 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Table 10: National 2020 and 2030 targets and estimated trajectory for rural population served by RE 2010 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Total rural population (number of 3,441,845 3,599,328 3,904,235 4,001,841 4,101,886 4,204,434 4,309,545 4,417,283 4,527,715 inhabitants) Rural population served by electricity services 34,418 179,966 585,635 840,387 1,025,472 1,177,242 1,379,054 1,590,222 1,811,086 (number of inhabitants) Rural population served by electricity services 1 5 15 21 25 28 32 36 40 (% of total) Rural population served by renewable electricity services (RE only and 13,767 17,996 78,085 200,092 287,132 378,399 474,050 574,247 633,880 hybrid) (number of inhabitants) Rural population served by renewable electricity 0.4 0.5 2 5 7 9 10 11 14 services (RE only and hybrid) (%) 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Total rural population 4,640,909 4,756,931 4,875,854 4,997,751 5,122,695 5,250,762 5,382,031 5,516,581 5,654,496 (number of inhabitants) 14 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Rural population served 2,134,818 2,378,366 2,535,444 2,698,786 2,868,709 3,045,442 3,229,219 3,585,778 3,958,147 by electricity services (number of inhabitants) Rural population served 46 50 52 54 56 58 60 65 70 by electricity services (in % of total) Rural population served 696,136 761,109 877,654 949,573 1,024,539 1,102,660 1,237,867 1,379,145 1,526,714 by renewable electricity services (RE only and hybrid) (number of inhabitants) Rural population served 15 16 18 19 20 21 23 25 27 by renewable electricity services (RE only and hybrid) (%)) Note: This table is provided in the Excel Workbook developed with this template: spreadsheet “4.2(B). Table 11: National 2020 and 2030 RE targets and estimated trajectory for rural population, disaggregated by gender 2010 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M Total 1,782,8 1,658,9 1,864,4 1,734,8 2,030,2 1,874,0 2,080,9 1,920,8 2,132,9 1,968,9 2,186,3 2,018,1 2,240,9 2,068,5 2,296,9 2,120,2 2,354,4 2,173,3 rural 76 69 52 76 02 33 57 84 81 05 06 28 63 82 87 96 12 03 populati on (number of 15 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone women (W) and men (M)) Rural 17,829 16,589 93,222 86,744 304,53 281,10 437,00 403,38 533,24 492,22 612,16 565,07 717,10 661,94 826,91 763,30 941,76 869,32 populati 0 5 1 6 5 7 6 6 8 6 5 7 5 1 on served by electricit y services (number of women and men) Women 1 1 5 5 15 15 21 21 25 25 28 28 32 32 36 36 40 40 and men in rural areas served by electricit y services (%) Women 179 165 9358 8638 40,604 37,480 104,04 960,44 149,30 137,82 196,76 181,63 246,50 227,54 298,60 275,63 329,61 304,26 and men 8 9 3 7 2 6 4 8 9 8 2 in rural areas 16 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone served by renewab le electricit y services (RE only and hybrid) (number of women and men) Women 0.4 0,4 0.5 0.5 2 2 5 5 7 7 9 9 11 11 13 13 14 14 and men in rural areas served by renewab le electricit y services (RE only and hybrid) (%)) 17 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M Total 2,413,273 2,227,636 2,473,604 2,28 2,535,444 2,34 2,598,8 2,398, 2,663 2,458, 2,730,396 2,520, 2,79 2,58 2,868, 2,647,959 2,940,338 2,714,158 rural 3,32 0,41 31 920 ,801 894 366 8,65 3,37 622 populat 7 0 6 5 ion (numbe r of women (W) and men (M)) Rural 1,110,105 1,024,713 1,236,802 1,14 1,318,431 1,21 1,403,3 1,295, 1,465 1,352, 1,583,630 1,461, 1,67 1,55 1,864, 1,721,173 2,058,236 1,899,911 populati 16,6 7,01 69 417 ,091 391 812 9,19 0,02 605 on 4 3 4 5 served by electricit y services (number of women and men) Women 46 46 50 50 52 52 54 54 55 55 58 58 60 60 65 65 70 70 and men in rural areas 18 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone served by electricit y services (%) Women 361,991 334,145 395,777 365, 456,380 421, 493,778 455,79 532,7 491,7 573,383 529,27 643, 594, 717,1 661,990 793,891 732,823 and 332 274 5 60 79 7 691 176 55 men in rural areas served by renewab le electricit y services (RE only and hybrid) (number of inhabita nts) Women 15 15 16 16 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 23 23 25 25 27 27 and men in rural areas served by 19 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone renewab le electricit y services (RE only and hybrid) (%)) Table 12: National 2020 and 2030 targets and estimated trajectory for off-grid RE systems 2010 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Mini-grids (RE and Hybrid) (in 0 0.25 31 43 48 54 64 70 78 MW of installed capacity) PV, pico-hydro and small 0 0.02 4 6 8 10 14 16 20 scale wind systems (MW) Total off-grid RE installed 0 0.27 35 49 56 64 78 86 98 capacity (MW) 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Mini-grids (RE and Hybrid) (in 134 88 93 101 104 119 121 126 129 MW of installed capacity) PV, pico-hydro and small 24 28 32 34 38 40 42 44 44 scale wind systems (MW) 20 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Total off-grid RE installed 112 121 133 138 157 162 168 173 178 capacity (MW) 21 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 4.3. Renewable energy applications for domestic uses 4.3.1. Domestic cooking energy targets Tables 13, 14 and 15 show the targets regarding renewable energy applications for domestic use in 2020 and 2030 as well as its trajectory. Table 13: Domestic cooking energy targets for 2020 and 2030 2010 2020 2030 Share of the population using improved cook stoves in % 12.6 45 75 Share of charcoal produced using efficient technologies in % 1 16 46 Share of the population using modern fuel alternatives for cooking 1 15 25 (e.g. LPG, biogas, solar cookers) in % 22 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Table 14: National 2020 and 2030 targets and estimated trajectory for domestic cooking energy 2010 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Population using improved cook stoves 724,097 1,114,250 1,496,624 1,800,828 2,050,943 2,382,513 2,729,378 3,312,963 3,697,635 (number of inhabitants) Share of total population using improved cook 12.6 18 23 27 30 34 38 45 49 stoves in % Total charcoal 85,000 133,5 00 166,305 179,195 192,170 216,256 232,507 247,242 260,972 production in tonnes Charcoal production with efficient technologies (yield 850 1,335 3,489 7,752 14,217 21,613 29,201 39,448 48,524 superior to 25%) in tonnes Share of charcoal produced with efficient 1 1 2 4 7 10 12 16 19 technologies in % Population using modern cooking fuel alternatives (LPG, 57,468 74,283 260,282 400,184 546,918 700,739 933,735 1,104,321 1,207,391 biogas, solar cookers) (number of inhabitants) 23 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Share of population using modern fuel alternatives for cooking 1 1.2 4 6 8 10 13 15 16 (e.g. LPG, biogas, solar cookers) (% of the total population) 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Population using improved cook 4,099,469 4,519,085 4,875,854 5,330,934 5,720,343 6,213,402 6,548,138 6,803,784 7,068,121 stoves (number of inhabitants) Share of total population using 53 57 60 64 67 71 73 74 75 improved cook stoves in % Total charcoal production in 287,891 302,006 313,997 339,377 354,751 369,621 397,674 406,231 421,803 tonnes Charcoal production with efficient technologies (yield 59,473 70,562 87,679 104,176 121,900 137,437 151,953 167,428 185,902 superior to 25%) in tonnes Share of charcoal produced 21 24 28 32 36 39 41 43 46 using efficient technologies in % Population using modern cooking fuel alternatives (LPG, 1,314,924 1,427,079 1,544,021 1,665,917 1,792,943 1,925,279 2,063,112 2,206,633 2,356,040 biogas, solar cookers) (number of inhabitants) 24 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Share of the population using modern fuel alternatives for cooking (e.g. LPG, biogas, solar 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 cookers) (% of the total population) Table 15: National 2020 and 2030 targets and estimated trajectory for domestic cooking energy disaggregated by gender 2010 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M Number 6154 108,6 947,1 167,1 1,272,1 224,4 1,530, 270,1 1,743,3 307,64 2,025,1 357,37 ,319,9 409,40 2,816,0 496,94 3,142,9 554,6 of women 82 15 13 37 30 94 704 24 02 1 36 7 71 7 19 4 90 45 (W) and men (M) using improved cook stoves Share of 10.71 1.89 15.3 2.7 19.55 3.45 22.95 4.05 25.5 4.5 28.9 5.1 32.3 5.7 38.25 6.75 41.65 7.35 total women and men using improved cook stoves in % 25 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Total 35,00 51,00 37,40 56,10 46,522 69,78 51,678 77,51 56,868 85,302 66,502 99,754 72,203 108,30 78,897 118,34 84,389 126,5 charcoal 0 0 0 0 3 7 4 5 83 produced by women and men in tonnes Charcoal 170 680 187 748 698 2,79 1,550 6,202 2,843 11,37 4,323 17,29 5,840 23,361 7,890 31,55 9,705 38,8 produced 1 4 0 8 19 with efficient technolog ies (yield superior to 25%) by women and men in tonnes Share of 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.4 1.6 0.8 3.2 1.4 5.6 2 8 2.4 9.6 3.2 12.8 3.8 15.2 charcoal produced using efficient technolog ies by women and men in % 26 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Number 45,97 11,49 59,42 14,85 208,22 52,0 320,1 80,03 437,53 109,3 560,59 140,14 746,98 186,7 883,45 220,8 965,91 241, of women 4 4 6 7 6 56 47 7 4 84 1 8 8 47 7 64 3 478 and men using modern cooking fuel alternativ es (LPG, biogas, solar cookers) Share of 1.57 0.4 1.88 0.49 6.2 1.65 9.3 2.47 12.43 3.38 15.53 4.12 20.19 5.41 23.3 6.18 24.85 6.59 women and men using modern fuel alternativ es for cooking (e.g. LPG, biogas, solar cookers) (% of the female and male populatio n) 27 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M Number 3,484, 614,9 3,841,2 677,8 4,144, 731, 4,531 799,6 4,862, 858,0 5,281, 932,0 5,565, 982,2 5,783, 1,020, 6,007, 1,060 of 549 20 22 63 476 378 ,294 40 292 51 392 10 917 21 216 568 903 ,218 women (W) and men (M) using improve d cook stoves Share of 45.05 7.95 48.45 8.55 51 9 54.4 9.6 56.95 10.05 60.35 10.65 62.05 10.95 62.9 11.1 63.75 11.25 total women and men using improve d cook stoves in % Total 95,156 142,7 100,80 151,2 109,59 164, 115,7 173,6 121,90 182,8 127,84 191,7 135,07 202,6 142,49 213,73 148,72 223,0 charcoal 35 2 04 9 398 51 26 0 51 8 73 0 04 2 9 1 82 produce d by women and men in tonnes 28 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Charcoal 11,895 47,57 14,112 56,45 17,536 70,1 20,83 83,34 24,380 97,52 27,487 109,9 30,391 121,5 33,486 133,94 37,180 148,7 produce 8 0 43 5 1 0 50 62 2 22 d with efficient technolo gies (yield superior to 25%) by women and men in tonnes Share of 4.2 16.8 4.8 19.2 5.6 22.4 6.4 25.6 7.2 28.8 7.8 31.2 8.2 32.8 8.6 34.4 9.2 36.8 charcoal produce d using efficient technolo gies by women and men in % Number 1,051, 262,9 1,141, 285,4 1,235, 308, 1,332, 333,1 1,434, 358,5 1,540, 385,0 1,650, 412,6 1,765, 441,32 1,884, 471,2 of 939 85 663 16 217 804 734 83 354 89 223 56 490 22 306 7 832 08 women and men using modern cooking fuel 29 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone alternati ves (LPG, biogas, solar cookers, kerosen e) Share of 26.41 7.01 27.96 7.42 29.51 7.84 31.06 8.23 32.62 8.66 34.17 9.07 35.73 9.48 37.28 9.89 38.83 10.31 women and men using modern fuel alternati ves for cooking (e.g. LPG, biogas, solar cookers) (% of the female and male populati on) Source: MoE, SSL, EDSA, EGTC, MAFFS, EUEI-PDF 2013, Tarawalli, P. Energy Consultant & Team (2014). 30 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 4.3.2. Solar thermal water heating Tables 16 and 17 show the targets regarding the use of solar thermal water heating technologies for domestic homes, public institutions and industrial purposes in 2020 and 2030. Table 16: Solar thermal water heating targets for 2020 and 2030 Solar water heaters for sanitary hot water and preheating of 2010 2020 2030 industrial process hot water No. of residential buildings with 12 480 1,880 solar thermal systems Share of district health centres, maternities, school kitchens and 0.1 55 100 boarding schools with solar thermal system in % Share of agro-food industries (preheating of process water) with 0 25 60 solar thermal systems in % Share of hotels with solar thermal 0.8 35 80 systems in % 31 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Table 17: National 2020 and 2030 targets and estimated trajectory of solar thermal water heating applications 2010 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Residential sector (number of buildings 12 33 55 105 195 315 455 480 600 with solar thermal systems) Share of district health centres, maternity clinics, school kitchens 0.1 0.3 25 30 35 40 48 55 60 and boarding schools with solar thermal systems in % Share of agro-food industries with solar thermal systems 0 1 8 13 18 21 23 25 30 (preheating of process water) in % Share of hotels with solar thermal systems in 0.8 1 11 16 19 25 30 35 40 % Solar thermal installed 0.7 1.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 capacity in MW 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Residential sector - (number of buildings 720 850 970 1090 1220 1340 1455 1670 1880 with solar thermal systems) Share of district health centres, maternity clinics, school kitchens 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 98 100 and boarding schools with solar thermal systems in % Share of agro-food industries with solar thermal systems 35 40 45 50 52 54 56 58 60 (preheating of process water) in % 32 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Share of hotels with solar thermal systems 45 50 55 60 65 70 73 77 80 installed in % Solar thermal installed 10 11 13 16 19 20 22 24 25 capacity in MW 4.3.3. Biofuels Table 18: Biofuels targets for 2020 and 2030 Biofuels (1st generation) 2010 2020 2030 Ethanol as share of gasoline consumption (%) 0.0:1 0.25:1 0.3:1 Biodiesel as share of diesel and fuel-oil consumption (%) 0.000004:1 0.0001:1 0.0002:1 Table 19: National 2020 and 2030 targets and estimated trajectory of biofuel usage. A large volume of ethanol produced in Sierra Leone is exported. 2010 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Total national gasoline 78,297 110422MT 172534 215668 269585 336981 421227 526533 658166 consumption (litres) MT Total national diesel/fuel 123,09 101571 126964 158705 oil/DDO consumption 266264MT 416038 520047 650059 812573

6 MT 7 6 7 (litres) Total national production of biodiesel 0.5MT 0.8MT 4.16 10.4 26 48.75 81.25 127 174.6 and SVO (litres) Total national ethanol 40,200 0 0 50,682 64700 82560 104465 131633 167833 production (litres) MT Total national biodiesel and SVO consumption 0.5MT 0.8MT 4.16 10.4 26 48.75 81.25 127 174.6 (litres) Total national ethanol 40,200 0 0 50,682 64700 82560 104465 131633 167833 consumption (litres) MT Ethanol as share of national gasoline 0 0 23.3 23.5 24 24.5 24.8 25 25.5 consumption (%) 33 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Biodiesel as a share of national diesel and fuel- 0.0004 0.0003 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.011 oil/DDO consumption (%) 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Total national gasoline 102838 128548 160685 200856 251070 313838 392297 490372 822708 consumption (litres) 5 1 2 4 6 2 7 2 Total national diesel/fuel 198382 247977 309972 387465 484331 605414 756767 945959 118244 oil/DDO consumption 1 7 1 1 4 2 8 8 97 (litres) Total national production of biodiesel 238 322 434 581.2 775 1029 1362 1797 2365 and SVO (litres) Total national ethanol 115727 147111 213904 272522 347080 441884 562398 715551 910131 production (litres) 8 7 Total national raw vegetal/biodiesel 238 322 434 581.2 775 1029 1362 1797 2365 consumption (litres) Total national ethanol 115727 147111 213904 272522 347080 441884 562398 715551 910131 consumption (litres) 8 7 Ethanol as share of national gasoline 26 26.5 27 27.5 28 28.5 29 29.5 30 consumption (%) Biodiesel as a share of national diesel and fuel- 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.02 oil/DDO consumption (%) 5. MEASURES FOR ACHIEVING THE TARGETS . 5.1. Summary tables of all policy measures to promote the use of renewable energy resources for grid connected and off-grid electricity generation, domestic cooking energy, solar water heating and biofuels 34 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Table 20: Overview of policies and measures for grid-connected RE Name of the Type of Expected results Target group Existing or Start and end measure measure and/or activity planned dates of the measure

1 Development Regulation Laws for Energy All stakeholders Planned 2015 - 2016 and adoption of Administration & of the energy an Energy Act Management sector

2 Development Regulation Enforce Laws for MoE, investors, Planned 2015 - 2016 and adoption of Renewable energy planners, public Renewable Administration & and private Energy Act Management administration, rural and urban population etc.

3 Reviewing the Policy Compliment RE policy MoE, investors, Planned 2015 - 2016 National Energy direction efforts planners, public Policy, 2009 and private administration, rural and urban population etc.

4 Implementing Regulation Established EDSA and MoE, investors, Existing 2011 - 2016 National EGTC utility Electricity Act management, 2011 customers (end- users), public and private sector, rural and urban population

5 Implementing Regulation Authorisation, MoE, investors, Existing 2011 - 2016 Electricity and certification and issuing utility Water of licenses to RE management, Regulatory investors. customers (end- Commission users), public Act 2011 and private sector, rural and urban population

6 Reviewing the Regulation Public Private MoE, EWRC, Existing 2006 - date Power Partnership projects in EGTC, investors, Generation Act the RE power rural and urban 2006 generation trade population, public administration etc.

7 Promoting the Financial Access to funds, Investors, end Planned 2015 - 2017 Financing Act awareness raising users, public 2011 on duty administration, free tax waivers installers, urban on RE or rural 35 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone equipment and population materials

8 Holding Soft Behavioural change Public Planned 2015 - 2018 workshops and administration, media urban or rural programmes to population remove barriers hampering the effective development, implementation and dissemination of RETs

9 Providing Financial Access to RE Investors Planned 2015 - 2018 incentives for technologies the importation and application of renewable equipment/ devices.

10 Developing and Regulation Access to legal Public Planned 2015 - 2018 adopting a directions administration, Renewable urban or rural Energy Act. population

11 Introducing Financial Funds to accelerate RE Investors, MoE, Planned 2015 - 2020 Power MoFED, Production Tax Credit (PTC) to RE generation companies which is aimed at incentivizing the adoption of renewable energy.

12 Providing Financial Access to funds Investors, Planned 2015 - 2018 affordable electricity Feed-in-Tariffs producers, MoE, (FIT) for RE to MoFED, EWRC incentivize electricity producers.

13 Adopting the Financial Access to energy and MoFED, MoE, Planned 2015 - 2025 Public Benefits funds EWRC, end- Fund (PBF) users, rural and which requires urban population, that a certain 36 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone percentage of investors the tariff is dedicated to supporting renewable energy generation projects (grid connected)

14 Setting up Regulation New technologies on Installers, Planned 2015 to 2030 institutions to RE investors, produce and Planners R & D assemble RE engineers, devices installers, investors, planners

15 Monitoring the Regulation Increase access to Planners, MoE, Planned 2015 to 2020 contribution of energy public RE in the administration national energy mix.

16 Raising public Soft Increase awareness of Rural and urban Planned 2015 to 2030 and stakeholder RE, behavioural change population, end- awareness of users, investors the benefits and opportunities of renewable energy.

17 Establishing Regulation New innovations R & D Engineers, Planned 2015 to 2030 Research and Investors, Development Trainers work in renewable energy matters, as well as linkages with countries active in RET research and development.

18 Training in Soft Capacity building RE institution Planned 2015 to 2030 RETs in tertiary and other learning institutions.

19 Development of Regulation Access to energy Investors Planned 2015 to 2030 the hydropower resources in the 37 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone country, including development of large hydro schemes.

20 Public private Regulation Public Private Public Private Planned 2015 to 2020 partnerships Partnership sector Partnership and indigenous ownership sector, Investors, participation in MoE hydropower development.

21 Providing Regulation Increase RE power Investors, end- Planned 2015 to 2025 financial generation users, planners, incentives to installers, Public increase the administration percentage of solar energy in the electricity mix.

22 Establishing Financial Wind power installed Investors, end- Planned 2015 to 2025 sustainable along the coastal and users, urban and costs to both rural areas rural population, producers and Public consumers in administration the rural and coastal areas.

23 Ensuring that Regulation Minimizing End-users, Planned 2015 to 2020 Environmental environmental impact of investors, Public considerations RE projects administration are included in all renewable energy planning and implementation.

24 Exploiting Financial Improve the financial Investors, public Planned 2015 to 2018 Clean feasibility of projects administration Development and provide incentives Mechanism to reduce GHG (CDM) to emissions assess and package renewable energy projects.

25 Supporting Regulatory Behavioural change Public Planned 2015 to 2018 public private authorities, partnership companies in the projects in the fields of promotion and renewable 38 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone development of energy fuels, renewable devices and energy fuels, technologies devices and technologies at competitive prices.

26 Conducting Soft Increase access to Public Planned 2015 to 2018 zoning and renewable energy administration, resource urban or rural assessment to population identify renewable power development zones in areas with high resource potential and routes for electricity transmission. Table 21: Overview of policies and measures for off-grid RE Start and Existing Type of Target group and/or end dates Name of the measure Expected results or measure activity of the planned measure

1 Development and Regulation Laws for energy All stakeholders in the Planned 2015 - adoption of an Energy administration & energy sector 2016 Act management

2 Reviewing National Policy Clear policy direction on MoE, investors, Existing 2009 - Energy Policy, 2009 energy matters planners, public and 2016 private administration, rural and urban population etc.

3 Implementing the Regulation Authorisation, certification MoE, investors, utility Existing 2011 Electricity and Water and issuing of licenses management, Regulatory customers (end-users), Commission Act public and private 2011 sector, rural and urban population

4 Implementing the Financial Access to funds, Investors, end users, Planned 2015 to Financing Act 2011 public administration, 39 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone on duty free tax awareness raising installers, urban or rural 2017 waivers on RE population, equipment and materials

5 Providing incentives Financial Access to RE Investors, RE Planned 2015 to for the importation Technologies technology providers 2018 and application of renewable equipment/ devices.

6 Developing and Regulation Access to Legal Public administration, Planned 2015 to adopting a Renewable Directions urban or rural 2018 Energy Act. population

7 Prioritising the Regulation Increase access to RETs Investors, installers, Planned 2015 to installation of RETs in MoE, rural population 2030 remote and underdeveloped communities

8 Raising public and Soft Increase awareness of Rural and urban Planned 2015 to stakeholder RE, Behavioural Change population, end-users, 2030 awareness of the investors benefits and opportunities of renewable energy in remote communities.

9 Conducting feasibility Regulation New Innovations R & D Engineers, Planned 2015 to studies and research Investors, Trainers, 2030 in renewable energy for off-grid projects.

10 Training in RETs in Soft Capacity building RE institution Planned 2015 to tertiary and other 2030 learning institutions.

11 Development of Regulation Access to energy Investors Planned 2015 to hydropower 2030 resources in the country, including development of pico- hydro schemes.

12 Encouraging Public Regulation Public Private Partnership Public Private Planned 2015 to Private Partnerships sector ownership Partnership sector, 2020 and indigenous investors, MoE participation in the remote and off-grid sectors.

13 Developing solar Regulatory Sites for safe disposal of Solar battery Planned 2015 to battery disposal companies, solar 40 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone mechanisms and solar batteries energy stakeholders 2020 ensuring strict adherence to implementing agencies

14 Introducing the Regulation Increase bio-fuel usage as Investors, end-users, Planned 2015 to efficient production RE fuel source planners, installers, 2025 and use of ethanol, public administration bio-diesel sugar cane and sewage, municipal waste as renewable energy sources

15 Adopting Public Financial Access to Energy and MoFED, MoE, EWRC, Planned 2015 to Benefits Fund (PBF) Funds end-users, rural and 2025 which requires that a urban population, certain percentage of investors the tariff be dedicated to supporting renewable energy generation projects (grid connected and off-grid). Table 22: Overview of policies and measures for domestic cooking energy Name of the Type of measure Expected Targeted Existing Start and measure results group and or or end activity planned dates of the measure

1 Developing Policy/Regulation Behavioural Stakeholders Planned 2015 to appropriate change and throughout the 2030 and affordable increase cook stove efficient wood energy supply chain, stoves and generated public promoting the administration, introduction of general public, more resource bioenergy efficient sector alternatives, in line with the national target

2 Developing Policy/regulation Behavioural Bioenergy Planned 2015 to appropriate change sector, public 2025 technologies administration, 41 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone for the general public, utilization of investors alternative energy sources from fuel-wood.

3 Developing soft Behavioural General Planned 2015 to educational change public, 2030 and outreach educational programmes institutions, to facilitate the trainers, general use of bioenergy new biomass sector, public energy administration technologies

4 Promoting Regulation Behavioural Research and Planned 2015 to Research and change and development 2030 Development increase institutions, in bioenergy technology public technology in cooking authorities, and cooking bioenergy technologies sector and fuels. Table 23: Overview of policies and measures for solar water heating Name of the Type of Expected Targeted Existing or Start and measure measure results group and or planned end dates of activity the measure

1 Installing Soft Behavioural Social service Planned 2015 to 2025 demonstration change sector, public solar thermal administration systems for water heating in social institutions (hospitals, orphanages, and homes for elderly people, etc.) in order to increase the hygiene standard of the social institutions and to reduce water 42 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone heating costs.

2 Conducting soft Behavioural All stakeholders Planned 2015 to 2025 awareness change of the energy campaigns on sector, general solar thermal public systems to inform all relevant stakeholders and the interested population about the different applications of solar thermal energy and the related benefits

3 Sourcing and Financial Behavioural Investors, Planned 2015 to 2030 providing change programme adequate developers, incentives to solar energy local companies, entrepreneurs to business sector produce solar energy conversion systems.

4 Establishing Regulation Access to Investors, Planned 2015 to 2030 projects for the energy, programme production of increase developers, solar energy installed solar energy conversion capacity and companies, devices and energy business sector systems. generated (see RE action plan) Table 24: Overview of policies and measures for biofuels Name of the Type of Expected Targeted Existing or Start and measure measure results group planned end dates of the measure and or activity

1 Developing Policy/regulation Behavioural Bioenergy Planned 2015 to 2030 non-fuel-wood sector 43 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone biomass and change (including biofuel energy biofuels) resources and integrating them with other energy resources

2 Developing Policy/ Behavioural Industrial Planned 2015 to 2025 agro based Regulation change sector (focus: industries to agro-based produce industries) electricity from their wastes

3 Promoting the Soft Behavioural Bioenergy Planned 2015 to 2030 use of efficient change sector liquid biofuel conversion technologies.

4 Introducing the Policy/regulation Access to Bioenergy Planned 2015 - 2016 Establishment liquid biofuel sector, trade, of liquid industry, biofuel university, blending investors, activities Addax bioenergy 5.2. Specific measures to fulfil the requirements under the EREP 5.2.1. Administrative procedures and spatial planning List of existing national and, if applicable, regional legislation concerning authorisation, certification, licensing procedures and spatial planning applied to plants and associated transmission and distribution network infrastructure: i. The National Energy Policy, 2009; ii. The National Electricity Act, 2011; iii. The Electricity and Water Regulation Commission Act, 2011; iv. The Power Generation Act, 2006; 44 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone v. The Forestry Division Act; vi. The Public Private Partnerships Act; vii. The Finance Act, 2006; viii. The Bumbuna Hydropower Project Act; Responsible Ministry(/ies)/authority(/ies) and their responsibilities in the field: i. The Ministry of Energy – Policy direction on Energy matters; ii. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development – Funding & Incentives; iii. The Ministry of Trade and Industry – Trade, Industries; iv. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security – Forestry Management; v. The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development; vi. The Public Private Partnerships Secretariats; vii. Electricity Distribution and Supply Authority; viii. Electricity Generation and Transmission Company; ix. Energy Directorate; x. Environmental Protection Agency; xi. Electricity Water Regulatory Commission; xii. Sierra Leone Standards Bureau. Summary of the existing and planned measures at regional/local levels (where relevant): There are existing policies such as the national energy policy, forest division policy, environmental protection agency policy, National Electricity Act, electricity and Water Regulation Commission Act etc. For existing projects: i. CLSG (WAPP) interconnection line – Planned – Regional Level; ii. Energy Access Project is a World Bank funded project to rehabilitate the western area network in Freetown. PIU is implementing the project – Existing – Local Level; iii. Installation of solar street lights – existing – Local level. For planned programmes: 45 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone See chapter 5.1 for an overview of planned regulations Unnecessary obstacles or non-proportionate requirements detected related to authorisation, certification and licensing procedures applied to plants and associated transmission and distribution network infrastructure for the production of electricity from renewable sources, and to the process of transforming biomass into biofuels or other energy products. i. The Electricity and Water Regulation Commission may have limitations regarding the transformation of biomass into biofuels or other energy products. Establishing a blending mechanism that will address the transformation issue and is being handled by the Ministry of Energy, Trade & Industry and Sierra Leone Standards Bureau. Introducing effective and efficient coordination will minimize the delays in getting approvals from other MDAs, such as MoTI and MoFED; ii. Implementing the renewable energy policy and regulatory mechanism will reduce the challenges that are posing some limitations within the energy sector. Level of administration (local, regional and national) responsible for authorising, certifying and licensing renewable energy installations and spatial planning. Under the supervision of the Ministry of Energy, the Energy Directorate is the national administrative body responsible for authorising, certifying and licensing renewable energy installations and spatial planning. Comprehensive information on the processing of authorisation, certification and licensing applications and on assistance to applicants. Information and assistance is available to potential applicants for new renewable energy installations on their applications. The renewable energy division under the Energy Directorate has application forms for potential RE registration applicants. The form is developed within specific requirements, such as the type of renewable energy technology, capacity, cost, environmental concerns, origin of make, specification etc. However, a website has not yet been created to access information on the processing of applications for new RE in the Ministry of Energy. Horizontal coordination facilitated between different administrative bodies, responsible for the different parts of the permit. The different administrative bodies that are responsible for issuing permits performed under a well-coordinated and flexible environment to achieve their objective... Procedural steps needed to receive the final authorisation/licence/permit. There are five steps before final authorization/licence/permit. There is currently no one-stop shop for the coordination of all steps, and timetables for processing applications are not communicated in advance. In general, a decision on the application can be obtained within four (4) weeks. 46 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Authorisation procedures take into account the specificities of the different renewable energy technologies. The specificities of different RETs shall be incorporated in a new application form. Specific incentives for small-scale, decentralised off-grid installations (such as PVs or pico-hydro). The level of incentives. Micro-credit available, Micro-credit planned in the future. Types of installation / system. The only incentive authorized by MoFED is a duty free concession on renewable energy equipment and goods. Introduction of micro-credit and other financial and fiscal instruments are included in the Renewable Energy Policy, which is being formulated. Official guidance available to local and regional administrative bodies on planning, designing, building and refurbishing industrial and residential areas to install equipment and systems using renewable energy sources in electricity and water heating. The implementation of the RE, EE policy and Action Plan being developed will usher in official guidance to install equipment and systems using renewable energy sources in electricity and water heating. This will be done between 2015 and 2016. Specific training for case handlers of authorisation, certification and licensing procedures regarding renewable energy installations. Partnerships with ECOWAS and other developmental partners in the sub-region and on an international level enable specific training. 5.2.2. Technical specifications Renewable energy technologies need to meet certain quality standards to benefit from support schemes. There are national, regional and international quality standards for RE. 5.2.3. Buildings Reference to existing national and regional legislation (if any) and summary of local legislation concerning the increase in the share of energy from renewable sources in the building sector: There is currently no existing legislation on renewable energy relating to the building sector implemented the Ministry of Works, Housing and Infrastructure. 47 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone However, the Ministry of Works, Housing and Infrastructure has the Freetown infrastructure and building codes Act, 1960 and is in the process of formulating a new Law that will incorporate energy and energy efficiency in buildings. Responsible Ministry(/ies)/authority(/ies): i. Ministry of Energy, ii. Ministry of Works, Housing and Infrastructure; Revision of rules, if any, planned by: [date] i. National Energy Policy: December, 2015; ii. National Renewable Energy Policy: December, 2015; iii. National Energy Efficiency Policy: December, 2015; iv. Freetown Infrastructure and Building Codes: December 2015, v. Standards Bureau Codes and Specifications: December, 2015. Summary of the existing and planned measures at regional/local levels: The planned measures will be covered by this NREAP. Minimum levels for the use of renewable energy in building regulations and codes. In geographical areas and requirements. In particular, measures built into these codes to ensure the share of renewable energy used in the building sector will increase. Future plans related to these requirements / measures. Presently, there are no regulations and codes in place at the MoE and MoWHI for the use of renewable energy in buildings. However, there is an ongoing process to develop new regulations and codes that will form part of the RE and building policies of MoE and MoWHI, respectively. In doing so, it is being considered to set a required solar thermal contribution for new and renovated buildings (e.g. at least 60% of hot water energy consumption should be provided through solar thermal technologies), in accordance with the ECOWAS Directive on Energy Efficiency in Buildings (EDEEB). Projected increase in renewable energy use in buildings until 2030 (differentiating between residential, commercial, public and industrial.) 48 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Table 25: Increase in renewable energy use in buildings until 2030 (MW) 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Residential 25 49 285 427 503 Commercial 7 14 85 132 159 Public 4 8 52 81 110 Industrial 20 39 237 377 457 Total (MW) 56 110 659 1017 1229 Obligations for minimum levels of renewable energy in new and newly refurbished buildings have been considered in national policy. The levels and the appropriateness of this policy option will be explored by 2020 and 2030. The obligations for minimum levels of renewable energy in buildings have been considered in the Renewable Energy policy and measures to implement them will be put in place between 2015 and 2016. See 5.1; Plans for ensuring the exemplary role of public buildings at national, regional and local levels by using renewable energy installations. i. The Ministry of Energy is ensuring that the renewable energy and energy efficiency policy incorporates energy efficiency for buildings; ii. The Ministry of Works, Housing and Infrastructure is also formulating regulations and codes for energy building. Energy efficient renewable energy technologies in promoted buildings. (Such measures may concern biomass boilers, heat pumps and solar thermal equipment) The new policy on renewable energy and energy efficiency will support RE and EE technologies in buildings, as well as the new building regulations and codes that are being developed by the Ministry of Works, Housing and Infrastructure. 5.2.4. Information provision Reference to existing national and/or regional legislation (if any) concerning information requirements No legislation has been implemented by the Ministry of Energy concerning information requirements for renewable energy. However, the renewable energy policy being developed will deal with the issue of information, awareness raising and campaigns. 49 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone The National Energy Policy 2009. Body/(ies) responsible for disseminating information at national/regional/local levels: i. Ministry of Energy; ii. Due to its scope of powers and focus, the Environmental Protection Agency is expected to also conduct information campaigns and propagation of information on renewable sources, for example with respect to the support thereof within the grant programmes. Summary of existing and planned measures at regional/local levels (where relevant): The above (b) are existing measures at national and local levels. See chapter 5.1 table 17; Planned awareness raising measures, contained within the Renewable Energy Policy, include:  Raising awareness of the economic and environmental benefits of using RE technologies through public education (TV, radio and other media);  Development of solar water heaters in institutional facilities, hotels and private households;  Development of standards for accrediting renewable energy training programmes;  Training programmes on renewable energy for stakeholders;  Awareness raising and marketing campaigns aimed at all stakeholders;  Establishment of a renewable energy information centre or network of centres;  Development of RE in technical and tertiary curricula;  Development of RE training institutes and centres of excellence;  Development of RE Research & Development Action Plan – reduce cost of technology and promote wider application;  Coordination & co-operation in technology & economic research between Government & private sector;  Strong linkages between local & international research institutes;  Development of RE innovations;  Developing good relationship with media, NGOs & private entities,  Demonstration & awareness programmes in primary & secondary schools;  Periodic monitoring & evaluation of RE activities. 50 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Information on supporting measures for use of renewable energy sources in electricity production is made available to all relevant actors (consumers, builders, installers, architects, rural developers, financial institutions and suppliers of relevant equipment). Specific information resources for the different target groups, such as end consumers, builders, installers, architects, farmers, community leaders, rural developers, suppliers of equipment using renewable energy sources, NGOs, public administration. Information campaigns or permanent information centres in the present, or planned in the future. i. The renewable energy and energy efficiency division will provide detailed information to the communication officer at the Ministry of Energy, whose direct responsibility is to ensure that information is made available through the print and electronic media, website and adverts to all relevant actors; ii. Information campaigns provided by international partners and MDAs in support of Renewable Energy opportunities. Person responsible for publishing information on the net benefits, costs and systems using renewable energy sources for electricity and water heating. The Ministry of Energy and the Electricity and Water Regulatory Commission have a general obligation to provide information, which should include information on renewable energy systems and installations for water heating. Person responsible for publishing information on the benefits and costs of equipment and systems using renewable energy sources for powering rural microenterprises and homes. The Ministry of Energy and the Electricity and Water Regulatory Commission, however, have a general obligation to provide information, which should include information on renewable energy systems and installations for powering rural microenterprises and homes. Guidance for rural developers, microcredit financial institutions, NGOs and agribusinesses provided to help them properly consider the use of renewable energy sources for powering rural microenterprises and homes. The Director of Energy and Head of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency at the Ministry of Energy ensure that the planned measures outlined in c) above will support guidance for rural developers, microcredit financial institutions, NGOs and agribusinesses in the use of RE sources for powering rural microenterprises and homes. Existing and planned information, awareness raising and training programmes for citizens (women and men) on the benefits and practicalities of developing and using energy from renewable sources. The role of regional and local actors in designing and managing these programmes. Currently, there are no existing or planned programmes pertaining to information propagation, awareness raising and training for citizens (women and men) regarding the benefits and practicalities of developing and using energy from renewable sources. However, planning measures have been identified in chapter 5.1, table 17, and in this chapter 5.2.4 under points a, c, and e. 51 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Other information campaigns and information propagation regarding renewable sources are organized and conducted by the relevant associations and non-governmental organizations active in the area of renewable energy sources. 5.2.5. Certification for installers of RE equipment Reference to existing national and/or regional legislation (if any) concerning certification or equivalent qualification schemes for installers of RE equipment i. There is no legislation concerning certification or equivalent qualification schemes for installers of RE equipment, ii. However, the RE policy being formulated by the MoE will deal with this aspect. Body/(ies) responsible for setting up and authorising certification/qualification schemes by 2014 for installers of small-scale biomass boilers and stoves, solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems The Ministry of Energy. Certification schemes/qualifications. Currently there are no certification schemes or qualification criteria in place. Publicly available information on these schemes. Published lists of certified or qualified installers. i. Information on these schemes is currently not available; ii. Certification and qualification systems for inspections of small-scale biomass boilers and stoves, solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems should be publicly available as part of a “testing code” published on the Ministry of Energy’s website. This website should also comprise a list of persons authorised to carry out these activities and may be searched by name, region and specialisation; iii. The RE policy, which is currently in the formulation process, will define the person authorized to carry out the installation using energy from renewable sources. Summary of existing and planned measures at regional/local levels (where relevant). See d). Standards governing the design, installation and performance of renewable energy systems shall be developed together with a certification process to verify that systems meet these standards. 52 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 5.2.6. Electricity infrastructure development Reference to existing national legislation concerning requirements related to the electricity grids: Below are existing national legislations relating to electricity grids i. The National Energy Policy, 2009; ii. The National Electricity Act, 2011; iii. Electricity and Water Regulation Commission Act,, 2011. Ensure that transmission and distribution grids will be developed, with a view to integrating the targeted amount of renewable electricity while ensuring and improving the security of the electricity system.. i. The Energy Strategic Plan 2014 and the RE action plan 2014 developed by the Energy Directorate of MoE; ii. The Electricity and Water Regulatory Body will regulate operation of the distribution network; iii. The Electricity distribution and supply authority will execute planned distribution network and sell energy to consumers; iv. The Electricity Generation and Transmission Company will plan and integrate RE sources and operate transmission systems. The role of information technology tools and storage facilities. Development ensured. i. The role of SMART grids and SCADA systems are possible tools for managing renewable energy production and for generating up-to-date (on-line) datato ensure maximum productivitywithin the energy mix portfolio. It is also crucial to analyze possibilities of implementing efficient storage of electricity generated from renewable energy sources. ii. The first steps towards determining the potential for implementing intelligent networks is preparation of a study followed by a decision on the possible introduction of intelligent metering systems. The reinforcement of the interconnection capacity with neighbouring countries planned. The Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea (CLSG) Transmission Line; West Africa Power Pool (WAPP) under the ECOWAS. The proposed CLSG Line will have power dispatch capacity of 80MW for Sierra Leone. The acceleration of grid infrastructure authorisation procedures addressed. The current state and average time for getting approval. (Please refer to current status and legislation, bottlenecks detected and plans to streamline procedure with timeframe for implementation and expected results.) i. Grid infrastructure installations are approved by the Ministry of Energy and Board of Directors within the same establishment; 53 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone ii. The Municipalities, judiciary, civil society, Lands, Forestry and the Environmental Protection Agency are also involved in the process; iii. The CLSG – WAPP Line authorization procedures took about five years. Coordination between grid infrastructure approval and other administrative planning procedures ensured. Coordination is weak due to the absence of operation and maintenance (O&M) manuals in the newly formed Electricity Distribution and Supply Authority (EDSA) and Electricity Generation and Transmission Company (EGTC). The Electricity and Water Regulatory Commission is mandated by law to administer some level of administrative processes in the electricity business. The improvement of the planning framework is addressed in the National Renewable Energy Policy of Sierra Leone, and in chapter 5.2 of this National Renewable Energy Action Plan. Priority connection rights or reserved connection capacities provided for new installations producing electricity from renewable energy sources. There are no priority connection rights or reserved connection capacities provided for new installations producing electricity from renewable energy sources. Rules for cost sharing between initially and subsequently connected producers. Benefits for subsequently connected producers taken into account. i. There are no rules for cost sharing between initially and subsequently connected producers; ii. No experience so far. How will it be ensured that transmission and distribution system operators provide new producers wishing to be connected with the necessary information on costs, a precise timetable for processing their requests and an indicative timetable for their grid connection? Need to enact the appropriate legislation or regulation on RES to ensure that happens. 5.2.7. Electricity network operation The transmission and distribution of electricity from renewable energy sources guaranteed by transmission and distribution system operators. Priority or guaranteed access ensured. i. Need to develop an operation manual that will guarantee the above; ii. This should be indicated in the operations manual of the EDSA and EGTC; iii. The priority and guaranteed access assurance is stipulated in the EWRC. 54 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Ensure that transmission system operators, when dispatching electricity generating installations, give priority to those using renewable energy sources. i. Need to include in operation manual of EDSA and EGTC; ii. Also, the EWRC should regulate electricity dispatch from renewable energy sources. Plants generating electricity from renewable energy sources integrated into the electricity grid. The 50MW hydropower plant at Bumbuna is connected to the electricity grid by a 161KV transmission line through two (2) step-up 25KVA power transformers. The rules for charging transmission and distribution tariffs to generators of electricity from renewable energy sources. The general regulatory rules as outlined in the EWRC apply. 5.2.8. Renewable energy applications for domestic uses Improved cooking stoves Standards for improved cooking stoves adopted by the Member State. Implemented at the national level. (legislation planned for implementation; institutional setup ) There is no standard for improved cooking stoves. However there are policy and legislative plans underway and an institution will be set up in the Ministry of Energy with support from the Government technical institute/ renewable energy centre. Ensure that improved cooking stoves used in the Member State comply with the adopted standard. The WACCA and ECREEE policies will be harmonized with the Sierra Leone policy on clean cooking in order to ensure that the standard for improved cook stoves complies with the adopted standard. Efficient charcoal production Standards and processes for efficient charcoal production adopted by the Member State. Implemented at the national level. (legislation planned for implementation; institutional setup). There are no standards and processes for efficient charcoal production. However there are policy and legislative plans underway and an institution will be set up in the Ministry of Energy with support from the Forestry Division. 55 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Ensure that charcoal produced in the Member State comply with the adopted standards and processes. The WACCA and ECREEE policies will be harmonized with the Sierra Leone policy on clean cooking, in order to ensure that the charcoal production standard complies with the adopted standard. Use of modern fuel alternatives for cooking Types of policies and strategies exist to promote modern fuel alternatives for cooking (LPG, biogas, solar cookers, and kerosene). The policies and strategies are enshrined in the formulated renewable energy and energy efficiency policy and the proposed WACCA framework for Sierra Leone. 5.2.9. Biofuels– sustainability criteria and compliance verification Sustainability criteria for biofuels adopted by the Member State. Implemented at the national level. (legislation planned for implementation; institutional setup.) There are no sustainable criteria for biofuels. However, biofuel policy is detailed in the renewable energy policy being developed and the institutional setup is in the Ministry of Energy, with support from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security. Ensure that biofuels that are counted towards the national renewable target are eligible for financial support with the adopted sustainability criteria. (national institution / body responsible for monitoring / verifying compliance with the criteria) This issue has been taken into consideration and will form part of the renewable energy policy and strategic measures. A national authority / body will monitor the fulfilment of the criteria. Does such a national authority / body already exist? Please specify. The national body that will monitor the fulfilment of the criteria is the energy directorate in the Ministry of Energy. Compliance with good agro-environmental practices and other cross compliance requirements ensured and verified at national level. Inter-departmental ministerial coordination activities will be ensured as stipulated in the RE policy. 5.3. Support schemes to promote the use of energy from renewable resources in electricity applied in Sierra Leone. Regulation for grid connected renewable energy The legal basis for this obligation/target. 56 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone The legislative regulation of the support for use of energy from renewable sources was based on the EWRC Act 2011, which supports electricity generation from renewable energy sources. However, the new act has not modified the conditions for the support of renewable sources in order to achieve a more efficient fulfilment of the binding target of the renewable energy share in gross final energy consumption in Sierra Leone and to increase the share of renewable sources in the consumption of primary energy sources. Technology-specific targets. Currently no technology-specific targets have been defined for Sierra Leone. The concrete obligations/targets per year (per technology). The NREAP identifies targets set for individual types of renewable sources, and not for particular technologies. Fulfil the obligation. For answer, see paragraph (The legal basis for this obligation/target). The obligations and the entity to which they apply are set out in the EWRC Act. 2011, on supported energy sources. Consequence of non-fulfilment. For answer, see paragraph (The legal basis for this obligation/target). Upon reaching the targets set out in the action plan in the respective period, the operational support is no longer provided in the next period. Mechanism to supervise fulfilment. The Ministry of Energy is authorized to supervise compliance with the EWRC Act No. 2011. Mechanism to modify obligations / targets. Some Targets are evaluated within the regular updates of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (once every two years). Regulation for rural electrification The legal basis for this obligation for rural utilities/target for rural electrification. The National Energy Policy, 2009, Renewable Energy Policy, 2014 and EWRC Act. 2011. Technology-specific targets? What type of electrification (grid extension, mini-grids or dispersed systems) promoted. There are no technology-specific targets and all electrification types are considered. The concrete obligations/targets per year (per type of electrification). Minimum level of electrification. There are no concrete obligations/targets per year (per type of electrification) and no minimum level of electrification. Fulfil the obligation. The EWRC is the responsible authority. 57 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone The consequence of non-fulfilment. This is enshrined in the penalty for defaulters of electricity abstraction or theft sub-section of the EWRC Act. 2011. Mechanism to supervise fulfilment. The Ministry of Energy supervises the EWRC compliance. Mechanism to modify obligations/targets. Once every two years. Financial support The name and a short description of the scheme. Sierra Leone offers the following type of financial support: i. Investment support from government consolidated funds for the promotion of renewable energy in the form of duty free concession for imported renewable energy goods and equipment; ii. Feed-in tariffs for the promotion of renewable energy production. The projected timeframe for the scheme is from 2015 – 2017. Is the target grid connected systems or rural off-grid electrification? The target is for both grid connected systems and rural off-grid electrification. Management of the scheme. (Implementing body, monitoring authority) i. The EWRC, which is the regulatory authority, is coordinated and sponsored by the Ministry of Energy. According to the Act, the feed-in tariff is set by the EWRC. The supervisory function is provided by the MoE. ii. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED) for duty free concession. Measures taken to ensure availability of necessary budget/funding to achieve the national target. i. Yearly alignment of the government central budget and the ministry of energy allocated budget and budget review committee in the ministry of finance and economic development for duty free concession and other levies; ii. For the feed-in tariff scheme, the market operator is entitled to reimburse the costs associated with the support for electricity. A state subsidy is used to cover a portion of these costs. Long-term security and reliability addressed by the scheme. The existing scheme does not deal with this aspect. Periodical revision of the scheme. 58 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone The scheme is revised every 2 years. What kind of feedback or adjustment mechanism exists? MoE performance tracking mechanism. Optimization of the scheme. See EWRC Act, 2011. Different support according to technology. The amount of support differs for each renewable energy technology based on project type, energy capacity, cost and funding scheme, location/site (urban or rural), duration, level of coordination and level of government commitment. The expected impacts in terms of energy production. With the expected increase in renewable energy production, electricity tariffs are expected to increase by raising the regulated contribution to cover the additional costs associated with the promotion of renewable energy sources. The contribution paid by all electricity consumers will be used to finance the feed-in tariff. The expected impacts in term of energy access. Rise in access to renewable energy derived electricity and increase share of renewable power within the energy mix. Further details of the scheme Support under the planned scheme is conditional on meeting defined energy efficiency criteria. There are no maximum or minimum sizes for eligible systems, and no regional or local schemes. Limited measures are already contained in the National Energy Policy 2009, and the EWRC. The new energy efficiency policy and National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) of Sierra Leone will enable the implementation of energy efficiency measures starting from 2015. Financial support for investment: Type of support granted by the scheme (subsidies, capital grants, low interest loans, tax exemption or reduction, tax refunds). Based on the Finance Act. 2013, the Act made provisions for duty free concession/tax exemption on imported renewable energy appliances and equipment. Beneficiaries of this scheme (specified for certain technologies). Applicants interested in renewable energy technologies. Application procedure. Presently, applications are continuously received and granted. 59 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Feed-in-tariffs: The conditions to get the fixed tariff. See National Electricity Act. 2011 and EWRC Act. 2011. The National Electricity Act. 2011 made provisions for the electricity authority and company to develop tariff structures for the O&M of their entities. The existing tariff structure does not operate a fixed tariff. Producers have to have a valid licence for electricity generation issued by EWRC, be connected to the system and have a delivery point of the plant registered with the market operator. Cap on the total volume of electricity produced per year or installed capacity that is entitled to the tariff. The entitlement to the support in the form of the feed-in tariff is limited by the installed capacity: i. Photovoltaic power plants up to 30 kWp; ii. RES other than photovoltaic power plants up to 100 kW. Is it a technology specific scheme? What are the tariff levels for each? See EWRC Act. 2011. There are different levels of support for each type of technology, depending on the cost of the technology, in order to guarantee a minimum time of return on the investment. The currently applicable levels of the feed-in tariff should be published on the EWRC Office’s website. Other criteria differentiating tariffs. See EWRC Act. 2011. Another criterion is the date of commissioning of the installation into operation, which means that the technical and economic conditions in the period of production installation launch are respected. Other criteria include the type of fuel, in the case of biogas, and method of burning and type of fuel, in the case of biomass, and categorisation according to the installed capacity. Fixed tariff guaranteed. See EWRC Act. 2011. The National Electricity Act. 2011 made provisions for the electricity utilities to set their tariff, which is being regulated by EWRC. Tariff adjustment foreseen in the scheme. Tariff adjustment is regulated in the EWRC Act. 2011. The feed-in tariff for production installations should be calculated on an annual basis, taking into account current investment costs and, in the case of biomass, biogas and bioliquids, also the current fuel prices. Tendering: Frequency and size of the tenders. There is no specific frequency and size for the tenders. 60 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone The state authorities do not place tenders for the construction of technologies for the production of electricity from renewable sources. Tenders, if any, are placed only upon the request of an investor of such a construction project. Technologies specified. Technologies and conditions for tendering differ depending on the specific tender. Integration with grid development. As part of the permit for the construction of a renewable energy production technology, the operator (or future operator) has to obtain, prior to the initiation of the construction, the consent or preliminary consent of the electricity grid operator concerning connection to the electricity grid. Based on the application for connection to the electricity grid, the transmission or distribution system operator will analyse the requirements for future development of the system and draft its investment plan for the development and enhancement of the system. Rural electrification: Financial support schemes for rural electrification programmes. There is financial support from government and donor partners for all energy projects including rural electrification and renewable energy. This forms part of government support and donor partners’ support towards sustainable development. Special financial support schemes for the use of RE in rural electrification programmes. No special financial support scheme exists for the use of RE in rural electrification programmes. Obligation to provide energy access with renewable energy sources. The Ministry of Energy is the body responsible to provide energy access with renewable energy sources, through the Electricity Act 2011, Energy Policy 2009 and the electricity and water regulatory commission act 2011. Obligation. The National Energy Policy 2009, Renewable Energy Policy 2014, and EWRC Act. 2011. 5.4. Specific measures for the promotion of efficient cook stoves. Initiated projects specific to clean cooking in Sierra Leone are as follows:  GEF project by UNDP titled: Energy efficient production and utilization of charcoal through innovative technologies and private sector involvement in Sierra Leone - this programme is an effort to increase efficiency in charcoal production and cook stove production;  Support to the Sierra Leone Ministry of Energy with the preparatory phase of a household cooking energy plan Supported by: European Union Energy Initiative Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI PDF), CAMCA Clean Energy; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) ( March, 2013);  Project titled “Improved Cooks toves” the group GERES from Mali have tested the efficiencies of locally produced cook stoves in Sierra Leone, at the GTI Renewable Energy Centre, Kissy Dockyard; 61 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone  Sierra Leone cook stove training in 2010 and Sierra Leone ELSA stove training in 2012 by Bebi Project (the Power of Biochar), in collaboration with CORD – SL and Njala University, Sierra Leone. Furthermore, the University of Sierra Leone, namely Fourah Bay College and Njala University including the Government Technical Institute (Renewable Energy Centre), in collaboration with MoE, are the existing institutions managing the programmes of clean cooking and are interested in clean cooking promotion. Specific measures to promote efficient cook stoves: i. Establish and operationalize a cooking energy development centre, equipped to test and certify improved cook stoves according to international standards; ii. Provide public education and awareness campaigns, through gender-based knowledge products, to support public and private stakeholders; iii. Introduce new technologies for improved cook stoves and phase out obsolete technologies and inefficient cook stoves, through the Monitoring, Verification and Enforcement programme; iv. Develop and adopt national cook stove policies, strategies and targets, including legal and regulatory mechanisms in line with the existing ECOWAS regional policies; v. Support cross-sectoral coordination, through the inclusion of clean cooking across sectors, e.g. through inter-ministerial task teams; vi. Establish standards and labelling for improved cook stoves, in accordance with international bodies (such as the Global Alliance for Clean Cook Stoves); vii. Carry out information dissemination and knowledge sharing (e.g. catalogue of best practices and strategies, information materials on clean cook stoves, awareness raising campaigns and capacity building workshops; programmes for dissemination and sensitization of the public about the adopted standards and labels); viii. Introduce programmes to enhance access to finance, increase the use of carbon financing; ix. Ensure accurate and reliable cook stove data collection for conducting detailed cost-benefit analysis on the opportunity cost of improved cook stove solution; x. Strengthen the Ministry of Energy to translate cook stove plans and strategies into pragmatic sultions, suitable for business; xi. Introduce viable business and financial models with cost efficient incentives to scale up efficient cook stove business; xii. Mobilise private investment and encourage involvement of the private sector and banks in funding sustainable cooking energy investment projects; xiii. Improve technical skills to add value to the improved cook stove supply and demand business; xiv. Ensure that metal sheeting prices are monitored and stabilized to avoid escalation; xv. Ensure access to quality clay molds, as this is a major bottleneck in the value chain. Clay liners are poorly made and, as a result, break easily; 62 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone xvi. Ensure that manufacturers do have sufficient capital to expand production and increase sales of improved cook stoves; xvii. Introduce a sustainable, independent and efficient control mechanism, including harmonized monitoring and testing protocols. 5.5. Specific measures to promote efficient charcoal production Charcoal is used mainly in urban areas and considered an improvement compared to firewood by the users. In urban areas, so-called wonder stoves are used to cook with charcoal. In addition to cooking, charcoal is also used for fish smoking in artisanal fishing communities. Charcoal production is mainly a small-scale, artisanal activity using inefficient earth kilns. Production methods are not standardised or regulated. Production is therefore a fragmented business, with a large number of producers involved. Producers are located in urban and peri-urban areas, but also in more distant rural areas that have access to roads or waterways. The supply and distribution of charcoal to the urban areas involves a large number of traders and middlemen. Although the number of actors involved is large and the sector is poorly regulated and controlled, there are several active charcoal producer and seller associations in Sierra Leone. Initiated projects specific to charcoal production in Sierra Leone include the recent development of:  GEF project by UNDP titled: Energy efficient production and utilization of charcoal through innovative technologies and private sector involvement in Sierra Leone - this programme is an effort to increase efficiency in the charcoal production and cook stove production;  Support to the Sierra Leone Ministry of Energy with the Preparatory phase of a household cooking energy plan supported by: European Union Energy Initiative Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI PDF), CAMCA Clean Energy; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) ( March, 2013). The University of Sierra Leone, namely Fourah Bay College and Njala University including the Government Technical Institute (Renewable Energy Center), in collaboration with MoE, are the existing institutions managing the clean cooking programmes and are interested in clean cooking promotion. Specific measures to promote efficient charcoal production: i. Establish a coherent and transparent policy and regulatory framework to stimulate efficient charcoal production by leveraging public and private sector resources; ii. Carry out public education and sensitization campaigns on charcoal production through gender-based knowledge products; iii. Improve the efficiency and sustainability of the charcoal production value chain, through participatory and sustainable forest management; iv. Ensure accurate and reliable baseline data for conducting detailed cost-benefit analysis on the opportunity cost of efficient charcoal production; v. Provide incentives to manage woodlands better, that appropriate tree species for fuel wood and charcoal are planted, that management to increase yields is applied, that techniques to improve 63 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone harvesting to stimulate re-growth or easier replanting are applied.;Minimize kilns’ technical inefficiencies that characterizes the entire charcoal production value chain. Charcoal is produced at half or two-thirds of the efficiency it could be were improved techniques and training applied. This results in the harvesting of nearly twice as much wood as necessary to produce the same amount of charcoal as with a well-managed efficient charcoal kiln; vi. Ensure viable business and financial models with cost efficient incentives to scale up efficient charcoal business; vii. Develop a national capacity building programme for public and private actors to increase know-how, technical skills on kilns to produce charcoal, with the aim of avoiding considerable wasting of wood, resulting in harvesting more forest than would be necessary if wood-to-charcoal transformation were more efficient; viii. Establish standards, certification and label on charcoal production and products information for end users to make informed decision on purchase (durability, user friendliness, emission factors): ix. Increase the level of awareness and capacity on sustainable charcoal production technologies (type of kilns). 5.6. Specific measures to promote modern fuel alternatives for cooking Alternative fuels such as ethanol, biogas, solar cookers, kerosene and LPG reduce the use of natural resources dramatically and protect women and children from health risks as well. They also benefit the local population by creating new jobs, add value, reduce forest degradation, increase biodiversity and, in the end, people spend less money on wood fuel and have time for productive uses in local jobs and save green resources. Specific measures to promote modern fuel alternatives for cooking: i. Study and assess the market for modern fuel alternatives (solar cookers, LPG, biogas, etc.): ii. Implement programmes and incentive schemes to foster the use of modern fuel alternatives for cooking; iii. Include modern fuel alternatives in national cooking policies, strategies and targets, including legal and regulatory mechanisms, in line with the existing WACCA ECOWAS regional policies; iv. Support cross-sectoral coordination, through the inclusion of modern fuel alternatives for cooking across sectors, e.g. through inter-ministerial task teams; v. Improve the efficiency and sustainability of the modern fuel alternatives for the cooking value chain. vi. Monitoring system for the modern fuel alternatives for the cooking value chain. vii. Establish SMEs for distribution of efficient fuels at the local level, and establish public bodies to support and stimulate private sector involvement; viii. Capacity building programmes for public and private actors, and in collaboration with local communities. ix. Standards and labelling for modern fuel alternatives for cooking; 64 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone x. Information dissemination and knowledge sharing (e.g. catalogue of best practices and strategies, information materials on modern fuel alternatives for cooking, awareness raising campaigns and capacity building workshops); xi. Programmes of modern fuel alternatives for cooking, to enhance access to finance and increase the use of carbon financing. This includes the mobilization of private investment. 5.7. Support schemes to promote the use of biofuels The concrete obligations/targets per year (per fuel or technology). The support schemes to promote the use of biofuels are:  See the National Energy Policy, 2009;  See the EWRC Act, 2011;  See the National Electricity Act, 2011. Measures to promote the use of biofuels include: i. Promote the production of biofuels and make the necessary studies to analyse the national/regional supply of feed stock for expansion of the already existing unit; Assess the issues of food security, land concerns, environmental concerns, water and benefits for small farmers and quality control; ii. Introduce a policy to promote the creation of a market for biofuel production and supply, if sustainable resource is available (also assess development of regional projects). /biofuels obligation; iii. Introduce a support scheme for large and small biofuel producers. iv. Define sustainability criteria for biofuels and bioliquids to be implemented at the national level. v. Identify the national authority/body that is responsible for monitoring the compliance of the biofuels with sustainability criteria and for certification of biofuels. vi. Ensure harmonization of biofuels policies and strategies with other sector policies and strategies at the national level, as well as with the regional biofuels strategy. 5.8. Specific measures to promote the sustainable use of energy from biomass Specific measures to promote sustainable use of energy from biomass: i. Develop educational and outreach programmes to facilitate the general use of new biomass energy technologies. 65 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone ii. Promote Research and Development in bioenergy technology, cooking technologies and fuels, and investigate the potential of municipal, agricultural and food industrial wastes to produce energy. iii. Improve the efficiency and sustainability of the energy value chain through participatory and sustainable forest management (PSFM). iv. Establish pilot projects for the production of biomass energy conversion devices and systems. v. Provide adequate incentives to local entrepreneurs for the production of biomass energy conversion systems. vi. Train skilled manpower and provide basic engineering infrastructure for the local production of components and spare parts for biomass systems. vii. Implement a monitoring system for the fuel wood value chain regarding species selection and appropriate cutting cycles for effective and sustainable resource management. viii. Develop appropriate technologies for the utilization of alternative energy sources from fuel-wood. ix. Develop appropriate and affordable efficient wood stoves and promote the introduction of more resource efficient alternatives, in line with regional/ECOWAS target. x. Encourage the establishment of private and community wood-lots for supply of fuel-wood in the short- term. xi. Establish micro-credit facilities for entrepreneurs, especially for women groups, for the establishment and operation of commercial fuel-wood lots and the production of renewable energy devices and systems. xii. Develop an appropriate pricing structure and feed-in tariffs to encourage substitution of fuel-wood for renewable fuel types. xiii. Establish training programmes on the use, maintenance and fabrication of efficient wood-stoves and other renewable energy technologies. xiv. Organize systematic public enlightenment campaigns to address the problems of desertification and soil erosion arising from deforestation. xv. Disseminate the renewable energy technologies for fuel-wood, through extension programmes, pilot projects etc. 5.8.1. Biomass use (forestry residues, municipal waste, agricultural waste) Study on biomass (fuel wood) consumption: The ministry responsible for this calculation and the methodology used. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (study by Mr. Conteh 2003 and NGO - Energy for Opportunity 66 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Importance of wood fuel for firewood and charcoal production Tables 26, 27 & 28 provide wood fuel for firewood and charcoal production used for cooking, heating and lighting, especially for the country’s rural and pro-poor population. Table 26: Projections on wood fuel supply (GWh) 2010 2013* 2015 2020 2025 2030 Total wood fuel supply (GWh) 14,892 21,972 47,628 56,436 78,888 105,060 Wood fuel supply for firewood (GWh) 13,872 20,364 40,488 45,156 59,172 73,536 Wood fuel supply for charcoal production 1,020 1,608 7,140 11,280 19,716 31,524 (GWh) * or the most recent year for which statistics are available Table 27: Projections on wood fuel consumption (GWh) 2010 2013* 2015 2020 2025 2030 Total wood fuel consumption (GWh) 14,892 21,972 47,628 56,436 78,888 105,060 Wood fuel consumption for firewood (GWh) 13,872 20,364 40,488 45,156 59,172 73,536 Wood fuel consumption for charcoal 1,020 1,608 7,140 11,280 19,716 31,524 production (GWh) * or the most recent year for which statistics are available Table 28: Projections on Charcoal imports and exports (GWh) 2010 2013 2015 2020 2025 2030 Charcoal imports (GWh) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Charcoal exports (GWh) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Note: Charcoal is not imported or exported in Sierra Leone. 5.8.2. Biomass supply The supply of biomass in Sierra Leone is neither imported nor exported. The domestically available quantity of biomass is sustainable and sufficient for national consumption, based on several studies conducted, a case in point being the recent project preparatory work on efficient production of fuelwood (firewood and charcoal) for Sierra Leone conducted by UNDP. 67 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 5.8.3. Measures to increase biomass availability Mobilisation of new biomass sources: Biomass from forestry residues: Degraded land. 38% of 7.16 million ha which is 2.7 million ha. Unused arable land. 135,000 ha, which is 5% of 2.7 million ha (approximately 38% of total land area), of original forest remains. 20,000 ha are cleared per year, with a deforestation rate of 0.7%. Measures planned to encourage the use of unused arable land, degraded land, etc. for energy purposes. The Plan forms part of the RE Policy and RE Action Plan being developed. Energy use of certain already available primary material (such as animal manure) planned. The Plan forms part of the RE Policy and RE Action Plan being developed. Specific policy promoting reforestation. The Plan forms part of the RE Policy and RE Action Plan being developed Measures planned to improve forest management techniques in order to maximise the extraction of biomass from the forest in a sustainable way. Forest management improved in order to increase future growth. Measures planned to maximise the extraction of existing biomass that can already be put into practice.See NREP 2014 and NREAP 2014: The Plan forms part of the RE Policy and RE Action Plan being developed. Biomass from municipal waste The number of municipal waste facilities There are about fifteen (15) municipal waste facilities in the Republic of Sierra Leone. Municipal waste is disposed of in landfills. 68 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Measures planned to improve the municipal waste facilities, in order to minimise the environmental impact and maximise the extraction of biogas. Management of municipal waste facilities being improved in order to plan for future growth. See Renewable Energy Policy, 2014. Policy or mandate to municipalities to improve municipal waste facilities into landfills. See National Electricity Act. 2011. See EWRC Act. 2011. See National Energy Policy, 2009. See Renewable Energy Policy, 2014. Biomass from agricultural waste Policy or mandate to reuse agro-business waste. See National Electricity Act. 2011. See EWRC Act. 2011. See National Energy Policy, 2009. See Renewable Energy Policy, 2014. 6. LINK WITH REGIONAL INITIATIVES The ECOWAS region has a series of on-going regional initiatives on the field of renewable energy:  The ECOWAS White paper on a regional policy for iIncreasing access to energy services in peri-urban and rural areas by 2015;  Establishment of ECREEE;  Adoption of the ECOWAS Renewable Energy Policy (EREP) with targets for 2020 and 2030;  The ECOWAS Small Scale Hydropower Programme;  The ECOWAS Solar Thermal Program;  The ECOWAS Bioenergy Strategy Framework; and  The ECREEE Rural Electrification Programme. 69 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone A summary of these regional initiatives in renewable energy can be found in Annex I of this Plan. Besides the activities in renewable energy, the ECOWAS region also has a series of on-going activities in energy access:  The ECOWAS White paper on a regional policy for increasing access to energy services in peri-urban and rural areas by 2015;  The ECOWAS Revised generation and transmission Master Plan;  The West Africa Gas Pipeline (WAGP);  ECOWAS Rural Electrification projects. A summary of the regional initiatives on energy access can be found in Annex II. Synergies between these regional initiatives and the proposed measures in this Plan will be created. 70 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 7. PREPARATION OF THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN AND FOLLOW- UP OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION The entire process of developing the NREAP witnessed the involvement of all stakeholders by holding a Kick-off Meeting, two high-level energy task force meetings and two stakeholders’ validation meetings including local authorities nationwide. In terms of public consultation carried out to prepare the NREAP, two stakeholder meetings, radio programmes and regional consultative meetings were carried out. The Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Sierra Leone will use the technical committee and steering committee for the implementation of the action plan. The Ministry of Energy’s Director of Energy and the Head of Renewable Energy are the national authority responsible for the follow-up of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan. The Ministry of Energy’s monitoring and evaluation unit is now charged with monitoring, including indicators for individual measures and instruments, to follow-up the implementation of the NREAP. 71 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone

ANNEX I - Definition of terms used in the action plan Agrifuels: Solid biofuels obtained from crops, and residues from crops and other agricultural products. Residues from agricultural production include animal solid excreta, meat and fish residues. Agrifuel is subdivided into bagasse, animal wastes and other biomass materials and residues (check definitions for bagasse, animal wastes and other agricultural residues). Animal waste: Excreta of animals which, when dry, are used directly as a fuel. This excludes waste used in anaerobic fermentation plants. Fuel gases from these plants are under biogases (see biogas). Bagasse: the fuel obtained from the fibre which remains after juice extraction in sugar processing Biofuels: liquid or gaseous fuel for transport produced from biomass. Other vegetable material and residues: biofuels not specified elsewhere and including straw, vegetable husks, ground nut shells, pruning brushwood, olive pomace and other wastes arising from maintenance, cropping and processing plants. Solid biofuels: solid fuels derived from biomass. Liquid biofuels: Liquids derived from biomass and generally used as fuels. Liquids biofuels comprise bio- gasoline, biodiesel and other liquid fuels (definitions of biogasoline, biodiesel and other liquid fuels are provided below). Bio-gasoline: Liquid fuels derived from biomass and used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines. Common examples are: bioethanol; biomethanol; bio ETBE (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether); and bio MTBE (methyl-tertio-butyl- ether). Biodiesel: Liquid biofuels which are usually modified chemically so that they can be used as fuel in engines either directly or after blending with petroleum diesel. Biological sources of biodiesel include, but are not limited to, vegetable oils made from canola (rapeseed), soybeans, corn, oil palm, peanut, or sunflower. Some liquid biofuels (straight vegetable oils) may be used without chemical modification their use usually requires modification of the engine. Biodiesel as a share of diesel and fuel-oil consumption (in %): The EREP sets conventional biofuels targets (1st Generation Biofuels) for the ECOWAS region as a whole, one of which is the biodiesel as a share of diesel and fuel oil consumption. In this template this is calculated by dividing the production of raw vegetal oil/biodiesel by the diesel oil/DDO/fuel oil consumption in the country. Straight vegetable oil: When vegetable oil is used directly as a fuel, in either modified or unmodified equipment, it is referred to as straight vegetable oil (SVO) or pure plant oil (PPO). Other liquid biofuels: liquid biofuels not elsewhere specified. Biogas: gases arising from anaerobic fermentation of biomass. These gases are composed principally of methane and carbon dioxide and comprise landfill gas, sewage sludge gas and other biogases (check definitions for landfill gas, sewage sludge gas and other biogases). They are used mainly as a fuel but can be used as a chemical feedstock. . It is particularly relevant for cooking purposes or in the context of industrial uses (e.g. breweries, slaughter houses). Landfill gas: biogas from anaerobic fermentation of organic matter in landfills. 72 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Sewage sludge gas: biogas from anaerobic fermentation of waste matter in sewage plants. Other biogases: biogases not elsewhere specified including synthesis gas produced from biomass. Biomass: biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related industries including fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste. The uses of biomass for energy are very diverse: from the traditional, low-efficiency burning of wood in open fires for cooking purposes to the more modern use of wood pellets for the production of power and heat, and the use of biodiesel and bioethanol as a substitute for oil- based products in transport. Base Load: Base load is the level below which electricity demand never drops, i.e. a site with a high maximum demand of 750 kVA whose demand never drops below 250 kVA would have a base load of 250 kVA. Large hydro power is an important renewable energy source for the provision of base load in the ECOWAS region. The significance will grow with the implementation of the WAPP hydropower project pipeline. Charcoal: The solid residue from the carbonisation of wood or other vegetal matter through pyrolysis. The amount of biomass (usually fuelwood) necessary to yield a given quantity of charcoal depends mostly on three factors:  parent wood density – the principal factor in determining the yield of charcoal from fuelwood is parent wood density, since the weight of charcoal can vary by a factor of 2 for equal volumes  moisture content - moisture content of the wood also has an appreciable effect on yields - the drier the wood, the greater is the yield - ; and  the means of charcoal production: charcoal is produced in earth-covered pits, in oil drums, in brick or steel kilns and in retorts. The less sophisticated means of production generally involve loss of powdered charcoal (fines), incomplete carbonization of the fuelwood and combustion of part of the charcoal product, resulting in lower yields. Traditional non-efficient charcoal production methods: traditional charcoal production methods include open pits, oil drums and kilns with lower efficiencies. In the ECOWAS charcoal is mainly produced by traditional methods in the informal sector (e.g. open pits and kilns) which are inefficient (60-80% of the energy in the wood is lost) and has impacts on the health and on the environment. Efficient charcoal production: efficient charcoal is the terminology used on this template for the charcoal produced by modern methods that are more efficient than traditional ones. The modern methods use sealed containers and have higher efficiencies and thus higher yields. Within the EREP, under the targets for domestic cooking, a target for efficient charcoal production is set: 60%/100% of the charcoal production should be by improved carbonisation techniques (yield >25% in 2020 and 2030, respectively. In this template the MS is asked to set out its target and trajectory for efficient charcoal production. This is calculated by dividing the quantity of charcoal produced by improved carbonisation techniques with yield superior to 25% in tonnes by the total charcoal production in tonnes. Conservation: The reduction of energy usage through increased efficiency and/or reduced waste. DDO: stand for Distillate Diesel Oil Distributed and Microgeneration: This is when electricity is generated for local distribution and is not connected directly to the national grid. Microgeneration is typically used to describe smaller scale generating technology. 73 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Energy Efficiency appliances: Electrical devices or appliances that perform their task, and use less electricity than lower-efficient devices. Electrical inefficiency in many devices is directly related to the heat they produce. For example, energy efficient light bulbs use most of the incoming electrical energy to produce light, not heat. Inefficient air conditioning is a major cause of peak hours in the ECOWAS region. Electricity: The transfer of energy through the physical phenomena involving electric charges and their effects when at rest and in motion. Electricity can be generated through different processes: e.g. by the conversion of energy contained in falling or streaming water, wind or waves or by the direct conversion of solar radiation through photovoltaic processes in semiconductor devices (solar cells); or by the combustion of fuels. Electricity demand: The total electricity consumption in GWh or MWh consumed by a country annually. This includes the demand of the complete system including the in circuital consumption and the losses. Electricity mix: The range of energy sources of a region/country (either renewable or non-renewable) that is used to produce electricity. Energy access: A universal and affordable access to modern means of energy. It implies access to modern cooking solutions defined as relying primarily on non-solid fuels for cooking. It also implies access to electricity, defined as availability of an electricity connection at home or the use of electricity as the primary source of lighting that can provide non-served communities and households with a modern life and economic development. Energy Efficiency: The ratio of performance or output of performance of services, goods or energy to input of energy. The energy efficiency of a process is improved if it produces the same service using less energy. Energy-efficient light bulbs produce the same amount of light but use up to 75% less energy to do so. Improving energy efficiency helps reducing energy use or bringing more energy services with the same amount of energy consumed. EREP: ECOWAS Renewable Energy Policy Ethanol: also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colourless liquid that can be used for several different purposes, being one of them as fuel. As fuel, ethanol is used as a motor fuel and fuel additive (e.g. Brazil relies in Ethanol as a motor fuel). Ethanol is also used for household heating as a relatively safe fuels. Ethanol as share of gasoline consumption: The EREP sets first generation biofuels targets for the ECOWAS region as a whole, one of which is the ethanol as a share of the gasoline consumption. This is calculated by diving the quantity of ethanol produced by the quantity of gasoline consumed in the country and it is show in %. Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earth’s crust from decayed organic material. The common fossil fuels are oil, diesel, coal, and natural gas. Some ECOWAS countries are highly dependent on diesel electricity generation. Fuelwood, wood residues and by-products: fuelwood or firewood (in log, brushwood, pellet or chip form) obtained from natural or managed forests or isolated trees. Also included are wood residues used as fuel and in which the original composition of wood is retained. In the ECOWAS region fuelwood is the principal source of energy for cooking and heating, however statistics on fuelwood are generally poor as it is mainly produced and traded in the informal sector. Grid-connected: a system (photovoltaic, hydro, diesel, etc.) that is connected to a centralised electrical power network (power grid). 74 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Generation (electricity): This covers the production of electricity at power stations. Heat: Heat is an energy carrier primarily used for warming spaces and industrial processes Hybrid System: a power system consisting of two or more power generating subsystems (e.g. combination of a wind turbine or diesel generator and a photovoltaic system) Improved cookstoves (also called clean/efficient cookstoves): is a device that is designed to consume less fuel and save cooking time, convenient in cooking process and creates smokeless environment in the kitchen or reduction in the volume of smoke produced during cooking against the traditional stove; and thus addressing he health and environmental impacts associated with traditional cookstoves. Traditional cookstoves (open fires and rudimentary cookstoves using solid fuels like wood, coal, crop residues and animal dung) are inefficient, unhealthy, and unsafe, and inhaling the acrid smoke and fine particles they emit leads lead to severe health problems and death. Traditional cookstoves also place pressure on ecosystems and forests and contribute to climate change through emissions of greenhouse gases and clack carbon. Within the EREP targets are set for improved cookstoves, as the pressure on the ECOWAS woodland will grow exponentially. Thus the policy includes the banning of inefficient stoves after 2020, enabling 100% of the population of the urban areas to use high efficient wood and charcoal stoves (with efficiencies higher than 35%) from 2020 onwards and 100% of the rural population to use high efficient charcoal stoves from the same date on. In this template the MS is asked to set a target for improved cookstoves measured in terms of the % of the population that uses efficient cookstoves. This is estimated by dividing the number of inhabitants that use improved cookstoves by the total number of inhabitants of the country. Installed capacity: is the rated continuous load-carrying ability of a given electricity generation plant expressed in megawatts (MW) for active power Kilowatt (kW): 1,000 watts Kilowatt-hour (kWh): 1,000 watt-hours. LPG: Liquefied petroleum gas Load: In an electrical circuit, any device or appliance that uses power (such as light bulb or water pump) Megawatt (MW): 1,000,000 watts Megawatt-hour (MWh): 1,000,000 watt-hours Mini-grids: set of electricity generators and, possibly, energy storage systems interconnected to a distribution network that supplies the entire electricity demand of a localized group of customers. This power delivery architecture can be contrasted with single customer systems (e.g. solar home systems) where there is no distribution network interconnecting customers, and with centralized grid systems, where electrical energy is transmitted over large distances from large central generators and local generators are generally not capable of meeting local demand. Mini-grids are particularly relevant in the rural context of ECOWAS where renewable energy powered hybrids can be the more cost-effective alternative. The EREP includes mini-grid targets. Modern fuel alternatives (for cooking): known as non-conventional or advanced fuels, these are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels for cooking, other than conventional solid fuels such as coal, fuelwood and charcoal. These alternatives cover Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biogas, ethanol, solar power (e.g. solar cookers) and kerosene. In this template improved cookstoves are not considered within the modern fuel alternatives, as they are object of a separate analysis in this template. 75 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Non-technical losses: in electricity distribution include mainly electricity theft, but also losses due to poor equipment maintenance, calculation errors and accounting mistakes. Non-Technical losses are caused by actions external to the power system or are caused by loads and condition that the Technical losses computation failed to take into account. Non- Technical losses are more difficult to measure because these losses are often unaccounted for by the system operators and thus have no recorded information. A reduction of the losses can contribute considerably to the improvement of energy security in many ECOWAS countries. Offshore wind: wind projects installed in waters off the coast. Onshore wind: Wind farms installed on land. Operating costs: the costs of using a system. For fuel-based systems these costs include all fuel costs over system lifetime. Off-grid applications: is a designation for facilities that produce all their own energy and are not connected to any external source, such as the electrical power grid. Peak Load: maximum value of necessary capacity to face peak demand. In terms of this template, peak load is characterised for a given year in MW (this includes the load of the complete system including the in circuital consumption and the losses). Photovoltaic (PV) system: a complete set of interconnected components for converting sunlight into electricity by photovoltaic process, including array, balance-of-system components, and the load. Power grid: a system of high-tension cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a region Renewable Energy (RE): ‘Renewable energy’ is used to describe the energy produced using naturally replenishing resources. This includes solar power, wind, geothermal, bioenergy, wave and tide and hydropower. Renewable energy sources – in this template the renewable energy sources refer to the following renewable energy technologies:  Hydropower which includes: o Small scale hydropower (small-hydro or SSHP) up to a maximum installed capacity of 30 MW; o Medium (capacity between 30MW and 100MW) and large hydropower (capacity higher than 100MW); In the EREP hydropower is defined as follows: up to 30 MW small-scale, 30 to 100 MW medium- scale, more than 100 MW large-scale.  Bio-energy covering three different fields: o Woodfuels (firewood and charcoal) used for domestic cooking purposes and commercial applications (restaurants, breweries, potteries, blacksmiths, brick makers). Excess woodfuels resources could be used for power generation with other biomass. o By-products from crops production for power generation (stalks, straw, husks, shells, kernels, etc.). These can serve as fuel for power generation when gathered together on an agro- industry site. Power can also be generated through biogas production using industrial or urban waste, manure and dung (resource concentration at dairies or slaughter houses or cattle and vegetable markets). 76 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone o Energy crops for power generation or sustainable biofuels (e.g. jatropha) offer some interesting perspectives. EREP considers 2nd generation biofuels which do not compete with food crops for available land, and comply with the following minimum criteria; lifecycle GHG reductions, including land use change and social standards.  Wind energy (on-grid and off-grid applications);  Solar: PV, Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and solar thermal water heating.  Tide, wave and ocean and geothermal, although not considered in the EREP as renewable energy options, were included on the template as some of the countries have available potential for its use for generation of energy.  Geothermal Renewable energy share in the electricity mix: - is the share of renewable electricity generation in the total electricity generation for a given year, measured in %. This is calculated in the template by dividing the electricity production from renewable energy sources (in MWh/year) by the total electricity production (in MWh/year) – renewable and non-renewable for the same year. Rural Electrification: Provides a regular supply of electricity to rural residents. It implies the extension of power lines to rural areas, or the use of stand-alone, mini-grids or isolated power systems. The EREP includes targets for rural electrification. Rural Population as referred for off-grid applications (mini-grids and stand-alone systems): Following EREP’s definitions, it refers to the population for which the mini-grid and decentralised supply systems apply. Share of rural population served with off-grid (mini-grids and stand-alone) renewable energy electricity services: this is the percentage (%) of the rural population as defined above that is served with mini-grids and stand-alone system. This is calculated by dividing the number of inhabitants served by off-grid applications by the number of rural inhabitants (as defined above). Rural communities: These includes population living in rural centres and villages with population between 200 and 2,500 inhabitants and some larger cities that due to its peripheral geographical location are away from the national grid. The EREP refers as well that some of the off-grid rural localities supplied before 2020 might be included in the grid extension as they will potentially grow up. Solar cookers: or solar oven, is a device which uses the energy of direct sun rays (which is the heat from the sun) to heat, cook or pasteurize food or drink. Solar thermal water heating: or solar hot water (SHW) systems comprise several innovations and many mature renewable energy technologies that have been well established for many years. In these systems water is heated by the sun using collectors. These systems are designed to deliver hot water for most of the year. They can contribute to the reduction of peak hours in the urban context. Moreover, they can be an effective tool to save energy costs in hotels, hospitals and industrial processes (e.g. beverage industry) Stand–alone power systems (SAPS): also known as remote area power supply, is an off-the-grid electricity system for locations that are not fitted with an electricity distribution system. Typical SAPS include one or more methods of electricity generation, energy storage, and regulation. Support scheme: means any instrument, scheme or mechanism applied by a Country or group of Countries, that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources by reducing the cost of that energy, increasing the price at 77 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone which it can be sold, or increasing, by means of a renewable energy obligation or otherwise, the volume of such energy purchased. This includes, but is not restricted to, investment aid, tax exemptions or reductions, tax refunds, renewable energy obligation support schemes including those using green certificates, and direct price support schemes including feed-in tariffs and premium payments. Some support schemes for renewable energy:  Production based incentives: o Feed-in-Tariff ("FIT"): is an energy supply policy that promotes the deployment of renewable energy resources. A FIT offers a guarantee of payments to renewable energy producers for the actual electricity produced ($/kWh). These payments are generally awarded as long-term contracts. o Quota system: is an energy supply policy that awards the generator with certificates that can be sold into a market (with no price guarantee) o Quota systems with competitive bidding: is the fixation of mandatory production quotas for green electricity supply. These quotas are imposed on power generating utilities and / or electricity distribution utilities (calculated as a percentage of production/sales). Operators can meet these obligations in three ways: (i) by producing their own green electricity, (ii) by buying the electricity under long term contracts, and (iii) by acquiring on the financial market the "Green Certificates" corresponding to the amount of electricity required. o Decentralized quota system with green certificate market also called tradable green certificates (TGC): is the fixation of mandatory production quotas for green electricity supply. These quotas are imposed on power generating utilities and / or electricity distribution utilities (calculated as a percentage of production/sales). Operators can meet these obligations in three ways: (i) by producing their own green electricity, (ii) by buying the electricity under long term contracts, and (iii) by acquiring on the financial market the "Green Certificates" corresponding to the amount of electricity required.  Investment based incentives o Capital grants and loans: investment instruments in which government provide grants or loans for the development of renewable energy projects. Grants do not have to be repaid, while loans have to be repaid. o Microcredits: is the extension of very small loans (microloans) to impoverished borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment and a verifiable credit history. o VAT Exemptions: allows households or investors not to have to pay VAT on renewable energy or energy efficiency equipment Tidal And Wave (marine generation): The principle behind tidal generation is similar to wind turbines, except that instead of wind turning the turbine blades, the process uses underwater current caused by tides. One of the benefits of tidal power over wind power is the predictability of tidal currents, enabling the developers to know exactly when the turbines will be producing power. Electricity can also be generated by harnessing the energy waves. The aim is to capture the vertical movement in the water surface caused by waves and to convert that energy to electricity by turning a generator. 78 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Technical losses: Losses in power system that are caused by the physical properties of the components of the power system. Technical losses are naturally occurring losses (caused by action internal to the power system) and consist mainly of power dissipation in electrical system component such as transmission lines, power transformers, measurement system, etc. Watt-hour (Wh): a measure of electric energy equal to the electrical power multiplied by the length of time (hours) the power is applied. Waste: in energy statistics waste refers to the part of the waste that is incinerated with heat recovery at installations designed for mixed wastes or co-fired with other fuels. The heat may be used for heating or electricity generation. Certain wastes are mixtures of materials of fossil and biomass origin. Industrial waste: non-renewable waste which is combusted with heat recovery in plants other than those used for the incineration of municipal waste. Examples are used tires, specific residues from the chemical industry and hazardous wastes from health care. Combustion includes co-firing with other fuels. The renewable portions of industrial waste combusted with heat recovery are classified according to the biofuels which best describe them. Municipal waste: Household waste and waste from companies and public services that resembles household waste and which is collected at installations specifically designed for the disposal of mixed wastes with recovery of combustible liquids, gases or heat. Municipal wastes can be divided into renewable and non-renewable fractions. Wind power: The conversion of energy in the wind into electrical power using a wind turbine. Wind farms can be sited on land or at sea, with those offshore able to take advantage of the much stronger and consistent winds found off the coast. 79 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone

ANNEX II – REGIONAL INITIATIVES IN RENEWABLE ENERGY The ECOWAS White Paper on Increasing Access to Energy Services in Peri-Urban and Rural Areas by 2015 The ECOWAS White Paper was adopted in 2006 by the ECOWAS Heads of States and Government in recognition of the key role that energy plays in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The White Paper aims to provide access to improved domestic cooking fuels and sustainable electricity services for the majority of the population by 2015. Moreover, it foresees that at least 20% of new investments in electricity generation should originate from locally available renewable resources, in order to achieve self- sufficiency, reduced vulnerability and sustainable environmental development. The ECOWAS Energy Protocol The ECOWAS Energy Protocol is a legal text that formalises the juridical framework of enterprises in the energy sector that was modelled after the European Energy Charter Treaty. It promotes investment and trade by serving as a security for foreign direct investments in the energy sector. The ECOWAS Member States have completed the process of ratifying the Protocol which aims to provide a legal and regulatory framework for all regional energy integration initiatives and projects The ECOWAS Bioenergy Strategy Framework The ECOWAS Bioenergy Strategy Framework, adopted by the ECOWAS Council of Ministers in June 2013, aims to enhance the sustainable Bioenergy production and use within the Region that help address energy poverty, particularly in the rural and peri-urban populations, promotes food security, safeguard the environment, and enabling domestic and foreign investments. Development of National Action Plans should take into consideration the following objectives and initiatives:  Universal access to modern energy services, especially in the rural and peri-urban areas by 2030 ;  A more sustainable and safe provision of domestic energy services for cooking thus achieving the objectives of the White Paper for access to modern energy services by 2020 and  Increasing food security within the region.  Promote the transition from the traditional use of biomass towards a modern, efficient production and use of modern Bioenergy;  Broaden regional dialogue and peer-to-peer learning to support the development of Bioenergy strategies in the ECOWAS Member States ;  Promote regional policy planning for Bioenergy harmonized with national policies;  Sensitize and share experiences on modern sustainable Bioenergy production that also promotes food security; and  Create a vibrant and sustainable modern Bioenergy sector that promotes economic growth, rural development, and poverty alleviation. The ECOWAS Small-Scale Hydropower Program 80 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone THE ECOWAS Small-Scale Hydropower Program, adopted by the ECOWAS Council of Ministers in June 2013, aims to contribute towards increased access to modern, affordable and reliable energy services by establishing an enabling environment for small-scale hydro power investments and markets in the ECOWAS region. Between 2013 and 2018 the following specific program objectives will be achieved:  At least six ECOWAS countries will have improved their legal framework (poverty reduction impact of SSHP evidence in their legal framework, feed-in tariff defined, transparent licensing procedure etc.);  ECOWAS Member States integrate SSHP into their scenarios, planning documents and budgetary allocations;  National SSHP initiatives and projects increasingly rely on local expertise from public and private sector (with limited international support). At least 1000 experts are trained.  Quality guidelines are in use and quality of SSHP project proposals and feasibility studies improved.  SHPP, planning tools and all other SHPP related publications are available on the ECREEE website.  A least 35 additional SSHP projects per year are developed up to feasibility study level. The construction of 50 projects has commenced. The more funding is mobilized the more projects can be developed.  At least 10 companies established to provide various SSHP related services (planning, operation, repair etc.).  Sustainability criteria and biodiversity offsetting will be mainstreamed throughout the planning and construction of SHP plants. ECREEE Rural Electrification Programme (ERuEP) The implementation of ERuEP will be done based on the four main pillars of ECREEE work programmes:  Policy support (P);  Capacity development (C);  Project Development and Financing (D);  Knowledge management (K). These four pillars are vastly interlinked, and their importance for programme development in ECREEE is that, it allows for planning to take into account all the aspects needed for a successful implementation. A feasible initiative must include policy mechanisms, capacity building initiatives, promote the development and financing of specific projects and appropriate knowledge management, starting with awareness raising and knowledge sharing. The main activities to be undertaken in the rural electrification initiative include: 1 Support Member States in setting up the enabling environment and institutional framework for Mini-grids. 81 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone  Support MS in analysis and planning of rural electrification through GIS based rural electrification planning  Support the identification of national tailored approach to rural electrification  Support the establishment of appropriate institutional and legislative framework  Promote an enabling environment for private sector involvement  Promote regional policy on rural electrification 2 Strengthen the capacities on sustainable management, operation and maintenance of existing systems  Technical and entrepreneurial training to build capacity on local manufacturing of components  Mentorship to entrepreneurs  Support project preparatory activities  Support governments in fund mobilisation  Direct support to implementation through EREF calls The ECOWAS Programme on Gender Mainstreaming in Energy Access (ECOW-GEN) The ECOWAS Programme on Gender Mainstreaming in Energy Access (ECOW-GEN) was established against the background that women’s potential, in the ECOWAS region, as producers and suppliers of energy services is under-utilized and that empowering women to make significant contributions in the implementation of the adopted regional renewable energy and energy efficiency policies is necessary for the achievement of the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) goals in West Africa. Moreover, the programme is founded upon the principles of the ECOWAS Gender Policy which emphasizes the “need to develop policies and programmes to provide alternative energy sources which would contribute to women’s health and also alleviate their time burden”. To stimulate the development of women-led business initiatives in the energy sector, ECREEE, through the support of the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID), established the ECOWAS Women’s Business Fund. ECREEE will work with Member States to identify and support, through the fund, innovative energy projects implemented by women groups and associations. In addition to this, ECREEE will assist Member States to establish similar funds in their respective The ECOWAS Solar Thermal Program The overall goal of the Solar Thermal Program (SOLTRAIN) in West Africa is to contribute to the switch from a fossil fuel based energy supply to a sustainable energy supply system based on renewable energies in general but based on solar thermal in particular. The overall project will be coordinated by ECREEE and technically implemented by AEE INTEC in cooperation with 8 institutional project partners from 7 West African countries (Cape Verde, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, Niger and Sierra Leone). 82 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone The ECOWAS solar thermal capacity building and demonstration program therefore aims to remove existing awareness, political, technological, and capacity related barriers which restrict solar thermal energy deployment in ECOWAS countries. The program will also contribute to increase the grid stability and save national power reserves as solar thermal systems will significantly reduce the stress on electric grids due to the shift from electricity to solar energy. The program links precisely to the goals of the regional polices on Renewable energy and energy Efficiency adopted by the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government in 2013. The regional policies considered solar thermal as a least cost sustainable energy technology and set specific targets for its use to meet sanitary and industrial hot water needs in the region. The goals of SOLtrain West Africa are:  Capacity Building by theoretical and practical Train-the-trainer courses to selected universities and polytechnic schools in the area of solar water heating and solar thermal drying  Identify, monitor, analyze and improve existing solar thermal systems together with the partner institutions (practical training).  Technical support of local producers.  Design and Install solar thermal systems on the partner institutions for teaching and demonstration purposes.  The partner institutions will offer trainings to national companies, installers, producers and further training institutions within their countries.  Installation of 200 Demonstration systems at social institutions as schools and hospitals engineered by the partner institutions and installed by national practitioners  Trainings to administrative, political and financial stakeholders in each country  Solar thermal testing facility in one of the countries The ECOWAS GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION MASTER PLAN The ECOWAS Renewable Energy Policy highlights renewable energy scenario that is fully complementary to the ECOWAS power supply strategy and conventional national supplies, both as a significant contribution to bulk power generation and as a prevailing contribution to universal energy access for rural areas. Projects to be developed under the renewable energy power generation are to be implemented by ECREEE. The ECOWAS Generation and Transmission Master plan approved in September 2011, foresees 30 power generation projects selected as regional priority power projects with a total capacity of 10.3 GW and a cost of US$18 billion (€15 Billion). The major share of this new generation and transmission capacities is projected to be available from 2017 to 2019. The selected projects are based primarily on large hydro power (21) with 7,093 MW, on natural gas (3) with 1,300 MW, on coal (2) with 1,075 MW and on renewable energy (4) with 800 MW. It must be noted that some projects are already getting delayed, and, therefore, the proposed scenario will most likely not happen as scheduled. This would have serious consequences for the importing countries and countries relying on new large hydro. In this context, RE technologies might assume more competitive roles. The tables below show the lists of projects (generation and transmission) earmarked for regional implementation or as a regional priority projects: 83 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Table 29: REGIONAL PRIORITY GENERATION PROJECTS Regional Project Priority Capacity Annual Energy Generation Cost Year of Project Generation Commissioning Coal Power plant in 875MW 2532 Million US $ 2016 Sendou-(Senegal) Gouina Hydroelectric 140 MW 565 GWh 329 Million $ 2017 Project: Interconnecting Kayes (Mali)-Tambacounda (Senegal) Wind Farm( Senegal- 200 MW 318 Million $ 2021 the Gambia) Hydroelectric plants of Boureya (OMVS) – Badoumbé (OMVS) – Balassa (OMVS) and Koukoutamba (OMVS) 1. Badoumbé 2. Balassa 3. Boureya 4. Koukoutamba 70 MW 410 GWh 197 Million $ 2017-2019 (Mali) 181 MW 401 GWh 171 Million $ 2017-2019 160 MW 455 GWh 373 Million $ 2021 281 MW 455 GWh 404 Million $ 2019-2021 Kaléta Hydro 240 MW- 3 x 80 MW 946 GWh 267 Million $ 2015 (Guinea) Sambangalou Hydro 128 MW- 4 x 32 MW 402 GWh 433 Million $ 2017 (Guinea) Digan Hydro (Guinea) 93.3 MW 243 GWh 112 Million $ 2012 Souapiti 515 MW 2518 GWh 796 Million $ 2017-2019 Hydro (Guinea) 84 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Amaria 300MW 1435 GWh 377 Million $ 2019-2021 Hydro(Guinea) Grand Kinkon Hydro 291MW 720 GWh 298 Million $ 2012 (Guinea) Kassa Hydro 135 MW 528 GWh 214 Million $ 2019-2021 (Guinea/Sierra Leone) Mount Coffee Hydro 66 MW 435GWh 383 Million $ 2015 (Liberia) Bumbuna 400 MW – 1560GWh 1560 GWh 520 Million $ 2017-2019 Hydro(Sierra Leone) – 520 M$ Félou Hydro (Mali) 60 MW 350GWh 170 Million $ 2013 Solar project 150 MW 150MW - 549 M$ 549 Million $ 2019-2021 (Mali) Tiboto Hydro (Cote 225 MW 912 GWh 578 Million $ 2021 d’Ivoire) Fomi Hydro ((Guinea) 90 MW 374 GWh 156 Million $ 2017-2029 Soubré Hydro (Côte 270MW 1120 GWh 620 Million $ d’Ivoire ) Aboadze- combined 400 MW 356 Million $ 2014 cycle Thermal Plant (Ghana) Hydro Adjaralla 147 MW 366 GWh 333 Million $ 2017 (Togo) Project of combined 450 MW 401 Million $ 2021 cycle Thermal (Togo) Project of thermal 450 MW 401 Million $ 2014 plant in Maria Gleta (Benin) Solar project 150 MW 150MW 549 Million $ 2017-2019 (Burkina Faso) Mambilla Hydro 2600MW 11214 GWh 4000 Million $ 2019-2021 85 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone (Nigeria) Zungeru Hydro 700 MW 3019 GWh 1077 Million $ 2017-2019 (Nigeria) Wind Farm 300 MW 300 MW 477 Million $ 2021 (Nigeria) Coal plant of 200 MW 573 Million $ Salkadamna (Niger) Table 30: REGIONAL PRIORITY TRANSMISSION AND INTERCONNECTION PROJECTS Project Length of Transmission line Cost of project Commissioning Year Hydroelectric plant Gouina: 280 km 65 Million $ 2019 225 kV OMVG loop 225kV OM VG double circuit loop Linsan (Guinea) -Manantali (Mali) 131 Million $ Reinforcement of Manantali- 1st circuit: 2017-2019; 2nd Bamako-Sikasso (Mali) circuit: 2019-2021 151 Million $ section 225kV OM VG loop Bolgatanga (Ghana) – Bobo Diolasso (Burkina)- Bamako (Mali) 742 Km 230 Million $ 2015 225 kV OMVG loop between 1677 Km 576.5 Million $ 2017 Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau. Grand Kinkon western 141 Million $ 2012 section of OMVG loop CLSG 225kV OMVG double 1060 km 430 Million $ 2015 circuit loop. Second circuit of CLSG 1060 69 Million $ 2017-2019 line 225kV OMVG loop 225kV OMVG loop Ségou 370 km 175 Million $ 2012 (Mali) - Ferkessédougou (Ivory Coast) 86 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone 225kV OMVG loop 400 km 100 Million $ 2019-2021 Buchanan (Libéria) –San Pedro (Ivory Coast) 225kV OMVG loop Linsan- 1350 km 550 Million $ 2017-2029 Fomi – Fomi-Nzerekoré – Fomi-Bamako 225kV OMVG double circuit 380 km 111 Million $ 2019-2021 loop Fomi (Guinea) – Boundiali (Ivory Coast) 225kV OMVG loop Soubré- 196 km 69 Million $ 2017-2019 Taabo (Ivory Coast) 225kV OMVG loop 206 km 74 Million $ 2013 Bolgatanga (Ghana) – Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) 330kV OMVG loop between 640 km 240 Million $ 2017-2019 Prestea and Bolgatanga (Ghana) 330 kV OMVG loop Niamey 832 km 540 Million $ 2017-2019 (Niger) - Birnin Kebbi (Nigeria) - Malanville (Benin) – Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) 760 kV OMVG loop network 2700 km 2000 Million $ 2019-2021 through Nigeria Median Backbone 330kV 713 km 238 Million $ 2019-2021 OMVG loop 330 kV OMVG double 120 km 39 Million $ 2021 circuit loop Sakete (Benin) - Omotosho (Nigeria) 225kV OMVG loop 190 km 72 Million $ 2019-2021 Salkadamna-Niamey (Niger) 4. ECOWAS-ACTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES AND STATUS 87 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone Regional Priority Projects planned for implementation 2011 – 2025:  10 000 MW to be installed of which 7 000 MW will be hydro sources  16 000 km of transmission lines TOTAL INVESTMENT COST is US$ 24 BILLION with GENERATION COST of US$ 18 BILLION AND TRANSMISSION of US$6BN Table 31: Status of implementation of ECOWAS transmission projects Project Status of implementation Time of Commissioning 330 kV Riviera (Cote d’Ivoire) – Projects on-going Expected commissioning 2015 Prestea (Ghana 330 kV Aboadze (Ghana) – Volta Operational since 2010 Completed (Ghana) 330 kV Volta (Ghana) – Lome “C” Under-implementation Completed (Togo) – Sakete (Benin) 330 kV PHCN/TCN (Nigeria) At level of preparation Expected to be completed 2017 330 kV ABOADZE – PRESTEA – At level of pre-investment Expected to be completed 2015 KUMASI –BOLGATANGA , Tumu – Han – Wa Han (Ghana) – Bobo Dioulasso Pre-investment Expected to be completed 2015 (Burkina Faso) –Sikasso (Mali)– Bamako (Mali) 225 kV Nzerekore (Guinea) - Fomi Pre-investment To be completed 2016 (Guinea) – Bamako (Mali) 330 kV Birnin Kebbi (Nigeria) - Pre-investment To be completed 2017 Bemberke (Benin) – Niamey (Niger) Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) 147 MW WAPP Adjarala Hydropower Pre-investment To be completed 2017 Facility 60 MW Felou Hydropower Project At level of implementation To be completed 2014 a. INTER-ZONAL TRANSMISSION HUB SUB-PROGRAM (Burkina Faso, OMVS via Mali, Cote d’Ivoire via Mali, CLSG via Cote d’Ivoire). 88 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone The main transmission hub sub-programmes for the region include:  225 kV Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) – Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso);  225 kV Bolgatanga (Ghana) – Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso);  225 kV Cote d’Ivoire – Mali;  330 kV Aboadze (Ghana) – Prestea (Ghana) – Kumasi (Ghana) – Bolgatanga (Ghana) + Tumu (Ghana) – Han (Ghana) – Wa (Ghana);  Han (Ghana) – Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) – Sikasso (Mali) – Bamako (Mali);  225 kV Fomi (Guinea) – Bamako (Mali) – Nzerekore (Guinea) – Linsan (Guinea)  147 MW WAPP Adjarala Hydro Power Facility Both the generation and transmission projects identified under the ECOWAS Generation and Transmission Master Plan have been spread between phases 1, 2 and 3 according to: The implementation of this master plan has been scheduled to ensure the load supply throughout the region. This will be implemented in line with following phases of development:  Phase 1: Commissioning in the period 2017-2019  Phase 2: Commissioning between 2019 and 2021  Phase 3: Commissioning at long-term (2021-2023) THE WEST AFRICA GAS PIPELINE (WAGP) The West African Gas Pipeline project is an International Gas transmission system that will transport clean, reliable and cheap natural gas from Nigeria to customers in Benin, Togo and Ghana. The proposal for a natural Gas Pipeline across West Africa was made in 1982 by the ECOWAS Commission ECOWAS as a key regional economic goal. The World Bank undertook a study on this in 1992 which confirmed the viability of a Natural Gas Pipeline based on ample reserves of Nigerian Natural Gas and Regional Energy needs. The plan calls for Chevron and its partners to build a 620-mile offshore line capable of initially shipping 180 million cubic feet of Nigerian gas per day for sale to power plants and other major gas users in Ghana, Togo and Benin. The main objectives of the gas pipeline master plan were three folds:  To encourage Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron to tap into a vast resource that since the onset of oil production in the 1960s has been wasted in the associated gas burning-off process known as flaring.  To provide a cheap source of energy in a region starved of electricity, by serving as International Gas Transmission System that will transport clean, reliable and cheap natural gas from Nigeria to customers in Benin, Togo and Ghana. 89 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone  Foster regional economic and political integration that would support economic growth, and in particular the development of the West Africa electricity market. 1.1 Agreement on project In 2000, the four nations involved signed an Intergovernmental Agreement for a harmonized fiscal and regulatory framework for cross-border construction and operation of the gas pipeline. The four Nations and the West African Pipeline Company (WAPCo) signed International Project Agreement (IPA) for the development of the pipeline in 2003. Construction of the WAGP therefore began in 2005 and by 2008, the Pipeline construction had completed and gas introduced into pipeline. 1.2 The Project benefit The project is the sub-region's solution to bringing energy for economic growth and environmental benefits to Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria. To help in the energy access challenges in the sub-region, the WAGP aims to achieve the following benefits:  provide a long-term supply of abundant, clean, relatively cheaper fuel from Nigeria to Ghana, Togo and Benin;  transfer technical knowledge and skills to relevant public agencies, local consultants, contractors and their employees across the four countries  Employ over 100 skilled people from the sub-region, on competitive selection basis. This number has been far greater during construction  provide a new level of regional co-operation and economic integration to enhance regional stability under the auspices of ECOWAS  serve as a catalyst for direct foreign investment in the project countries  Provide Nigerian producers with benefit from additional revenues accruing from the sale of associated gas to WAPCo  To provide each of the four countries with some direct tax benefits  Provide the three gas recipient countries with some fuel gains  Enhance the regional environment by substituting natural gas for less desirable fuels. It will also lead to reduction in gas flaring in Nigeria, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, and serve as a springboard in the efforts against deforestation. 1.3 Status of Project implementation The initial phase of the project implementation was completed in 2008 linking mainly an off-shore pipeline from Alagbado (Nigeria) to Takoradi (Ghana). Commissioning of the pipeline began in late Nov 2008. Gas introduced into the offshore pipeline on Dec 6, 2008 from Nigeria to Takoradi. Commissioning successfully completed on Dec 14, 2008. Construction of the Takoradi Regulating and Metering Station has been completed. 1.4 The future prospects 90 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of the Republic of Sierra Leone The project has the prospect of being extended from Takoradi in Ghana to Senegal. This will mainly be an off- shore development project and will augment the electricity and generation and distribution projects earmarked for the region in the Master Plan. 91