Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Republic of Serbia for the period up to 2035

1/13 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Republic of Serbia for the period up to 2035 Background Republic of Serbia has been a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as: UNFCCC) since 2001 and to the Paris Agreement since 2017. In 2015, the Government of the Republic of Serbia submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), defining a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of 9.8% by 2030 compared to 1990 emissions. In August 2022, the Republic of Serbia submitted its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (hereinafter referred to as: NDC 2.0), which defined the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 33.3% by 2030 compared to 1990, thereby tripling its climate ambition. Nationally Determined Contribution 2.0 also contains data on losses and damages related to extreme weather events and indicates the need for adaptation to climate change. By this updated nationally determined contribution (hereinafter referred to as: NDC 3.0), prepared pursuant to Articles 3 and 4 of the Paris Agreement and paragraphs 22 and 24 of Decision 1/CP.21, the Republic of Serbia has expressed the following: An increase of ambitions regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to 40.1% by 2035 compared to the level of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990. The Republic of Serbia is suffering significant losses and damages caused by climate change. In the period 2000-2024, the minimum material losses and damages resulting from weather- and climate- related extreme weather events in the Republic of Serbia are estimated at about EUR 10.45 billion. This assessment includes a preliminary estimate of roughly EUR 1 billion attributed to damages and losses during the summer of 2024, when 92 % of Serbia’s territory was affected by extreme drought. About 70% of all recorded damages and losses were caused by droughts and high temperatures. The rate of increase of mean annual temperature in Serbia exceeds the global average warming trend. Over the past five years, compared with the 1961–1990 reference period, the mean temperature has been higher by as much as 2.5°C. Consecutive record-breaking years were 2023, with a mean- temperature anomaly of 3.0°C, and 2024, with an anomaly of 3.8 °C compared to the reference period. The number of heat waves has increased by three to four per year compared with the reference period, and further growth is expected, alongside with increase in the frequency of extremely high temperatures. Climate projections indicate that warming will continue and by the end of the century, depending on greenhouse-gas emission scenarios, additional warming of 4.5–5.8 °C relative to the reference period (or 1.8–4.1 °C relative to the past 20 years) is expected. While long-term trends in mean annual precipitation are not significant, climate change is altering precipitation annual distribution and distribution by intensity. Extreme precipitation events have become more frequent and intense, triggering floods and increasing the risk of land degradation, and such trends will continue. Average summer accumulated precipitation is decreasing, and the occurrence of extreme summer droughts has doubled over the last two decades compared with the mid-20th century, and such trends will also continue in the future. These changes in climate hazards caused by climate change will lead to further record-breaking temperatures, increase in number and intensity of storms with extreme precipitation and wind gusts, and increase in frequency of hail events and average size of hail grains. The vulnerability of water resources, agriculture, and forestry, including biodiversity and public health, has already been documented, while experience over recent decades also reveals negative impacts of climate change on energy sector, infrastructure, transport, and economy as a whole in Serbia. In 2012, the Republic of Serbia signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the European Union, which entered into force in September 2013.1 By this agreement, the country undertook the obligation to align its climate change legislation with the EU acquis, thereby significantly contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Serbia is a landlocked country. Energy is one of the largest 1 https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/enlargement-policy/serbia en 2/13 sectors of the Serbian economy, and the majority of electricity (around 70%) is generated in thermal power plants using domestically produced low-calorific lignite as fuel, while the remainder originates mainly from hydropower plants. Electricity consumption is very high, primarily due to the use of electricity for heating and the low level of energy efficiency. In accordance with Decisions 1/CP.21, 4/CMA.1, 9/CMA.1, 18/CMA.1, this document contains the following quantitative information relating to NDC 3.0: 1. Quantifiable information on the reference periods (including, as appropriate, the base year) (a) Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) and other starting point(s) Base year: 1990 During the revision of NDC 2.0, in the calculation of the green- house gas inventory and the quality assurance and quality con- trol (QA/QC) process, the year 1990 was identified as the base year. For the purpose of comparability with NDC 3.0 and NDC 2.0 changes in the greenhouse gas inventory, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is expressed in relation to 1990. Reference year for projection: 2019 (b) Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Additional quantitatively expressed information on reference indicators is available in the First Biennial Transparency Report of the Republic of Serbia under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement (hereinafter referred to as: BTR1), which is available at: https://www.ekologija.gov.rs/sites/default/files/2025- 01/prvi dvogodishni izveshtaj o transparentnosti republike srbije prema okvirnoj konvenciji un o promeni klime i s porazumu iz pariza.pdf (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties shall provide other relevant information; Not applicable (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example, as percentage or amount of reduction; Conditional economy-wide emission reduction target – reduc- tion of greenhouse gas emissions by 2035: • 40.1% compared to 1990, excluding the land use, land use change and forestry sector (LULUCF). The emission reduction target represents a temporary, condi- tional target, until the adoption of a new target for 2040, and within it a target for 2035, as part of the process of developing the new Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan, in ac- cordance with the requirements of the relevant climate legisla- tion of the European Union. The achievement of the conditional target will depend on the available financial resources for the implementation of the pro- cess of just and energy transition by 2035. 3/13 1. Quantifiable information on the reference periods (including, as appropriate, the base year) (e) Information on data sources used in quantifying the reference point(s) National greenhouse gas inventories for the period 1990– 2022 Prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency of the Re- public of Serbia and presented in BTR1, which was submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on 16 January 2025. The national greenhouse gas inventory for the period 1990– 2022 was also presented through the Common Reporting Ta- bles (CRT) and the accompanying report – the National Inven- tory Document (NID), which were submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on 27 December 2024. (f) Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for example, as percentage or amount of reduction. The National greenhouse gas emissions in the base and reference year may be further updated and recalculated due to methodological changes and more precise calculations, as well as in response to the recommendations of the review process under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Information on recalculations will be provided in the relevant chapters of the National Inventory Document (NID) and the Biennial Transparency Report (BTR) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2. Time frames and/or implementation periods (a) Time frame and/or period for implementation, including start and end date, consistent with any further relevant decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA) The timeframe for implementation is until 31 December 2035. (b) Whether it is a single-year or multi- year target, as applicable. The conditional greenhouse gas emission reduction target is established for 2035. 3. Scope and coverage (a) General description of the target; The established contribution for 2035 represents the conditional economy-wide greenhouse gas emission reduction target, expressed as a relative reduction by 2035 compared to 1990, excluding the LULUCF sector. (b) Sectors, gases, categories and pools covered by the nationally Sectors covered: Energy, industrial processes and product use (IPPU), agriculture and waste. 4/13 3. Scope and coverage determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines; Gases covered: all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). Carbon pools: Not applicable. (c) How the Party has taken into consideration paragraph 31(c) and (d) of Decision 1/CP.21; Applied Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines: The national greenhouse gas inventory (greenhouse gas emis- sions from sources including removals by sinks) was prepared in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Invento- ries – Wetlands (2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement). In the preparation of the national greenhouse gas inventory, certain 2019 Refinements to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for Na- tional Greenhouse Gas Inventories were also applied, as rec- orded in the NID. There are several activities which, due to lack of data, cannot be estimated: • Use of fluorinated gases as foam blowing agents, within fire protection equipment and in electrical equipment; • Use of lime; • Open burning of waste. (d) Mitigation co-benefits resulting from Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, including description of specific projects, measures and initiatives of Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans. Not applicable. 5/13 4. Planning processes (a) Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contributions and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: NDC 3.0 was prepared within the framework of the GEF- financed project “Development of the First Biennial Transparency Report and the combined Fourth National Communication and Second Biennial Transparency Report of the Republic of Serbia under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change”, within which a working group was established, inter alia, to provide support in the preparation of NDC 3.0. The draft NDC 3.0 was presented to the members of the Working Group and subsequently submitted to the relevant institutions for their opinion. Additionally, the conditional greenhouse gas emission reduction target in NDC 3.0 is aligned with the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan of the Republic of Serbia for the period up to 2030 with a vision to 2050 (hereinafter referred to as: INECP), which, prior to its adoption at the session of the Government of the Republic of Serbia in 2024, was subject to a public consultation procedure in accordance with the relevant national legislation, and two multisectoral Working Groups were formed, involving a large number of representatives of the relevant ministries and institutions, public and private enterprises, civil society organisations, as well as international organisations. To ensure an inclusive and transparent process of developing the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (INECP), the Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia conducted public consultations in the period from 13 June to 28 July 2023. During this period, the interested public had the opportunity to submit comments and suggestions via e- mail and the eConsultations portal. In addition, public debates were held in Belgrade (11 July), Novi Sad (12 July) and Niš (14 July), which brought together representatives of the professional public, the civil sector, the academic community and other interested parties. In parallel, public consultations were conducted on the Draft Report on the Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment of the INECP, in the period from 22 June to 5 August 2023. During the process, a total of 549 comments were collected, as well as 31 recommendations of the Energy Community Secretariat, many of which were integrated into the final draft of the INECP. 6/13 4. Planning processes (i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender- responsive manner; The Law on Ministries defines the competences of the line ministries. Regarding the preparation of NDC 3.0, the Ministry of Environmental Protection is competent for issues related to climate change at the national and international level, the Ministry of Mining and Energy is competent for the preparation of the INECP, while other ministries and institutions share competences in the field of climate change adaptation and mitigation, depending on the sector. Public participation in the preparation of strategic documents in the Republic of Serbia is regulated by a comprehensive legal framework aimed at ensuring transparency, inclusiveness and the participation of all relevant stakeholders. The key legislative acts and regulations establishing the rights and procedures for public participation are the Law on the Planning System of the Republic of Serbia (2018) and the Regulation on Methodology of Public Policy Management, Policy Analysis and Content of Individual Public Policy Documents (2019). The Law on the Planning System of the Republic of Serbia obliges state authorities to involve the public in the preparation of strategic documents through consultations and public debates and further establishes the obligation to publish drafts of public policy documents and to collect feedback from interested parties. The inclusion of the gender aspect in the preparation of public policy documents in Serbia is regulated by a legal framework designed to ensure equal participation, gender- sensitive policymaking and the integration of gender perspectives. The key legislative acts and regulations establishing rights and procedures in relation to gender mainstreaming include: the Law on Gender Equality (2021), which prescribes the obligations of public authorities to integrate the gender perspective into policy- making and decision-making processes and requires gender-responsive budgeting and public policy impact assessment. Furthermore, the National Strategy for Gender Equality for the period 2021–2030 defines strategic priorities for achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment in Serbia, emphasises the importance of gender-sensitive policy-making and institutional mechanisms for gender mainstreaming, and promotes the active participation of women in public consultation and decision-making processes. ii) Contextual matters, including, inter alia, as appropriate: (a) National circumstances, such as geography, climate, economy, sustainable development and poverty eradication The information is provided in BTR1, in Chapter 3.1. 7/13 4. Planning processes (b) Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the nationally determined contributions The establishment of the working group which supported the process of preparing NDC 3.0, involving representatives of various stakeholders and competent institutions, enabled easier collection of data and information. The process of preparing the NDC was not possible without international financial and technical support, which contributed to the strengthening of national capacities. However, there remains a need for financial support, capacity building and awareness raising to ensure the implementation of the NDC and future updates. (c) Other contextual aspirations and priorities acknowledged when joining the Paris Agreement In the period 2000–2024, the Republic of Serbia suffered damages caused by climate change and extreme weather events amounting to at least EUR 10.45 billion. A preliminary assessment indicates an amount of approximately EUR 1 billion, attributable to the extreme drought in the summer of 2024, which led to reduced agricultural production, problems with water supply, and an exceptionally large area affected by forest and other open fires. Given that agricultural production has significant potential and affects food self-sufficiency, the economy of the Republic of Serbia is therefore sensitive to all factors influencing agriculture. The impacts of climate change on crop and livestock production are also reflected in the sector of food processing and storage in the Republic of Serbia. The effects and impacts of climate change on the water sector will be manifested through water scarcity, an increase in the number of periods of intensive drought and drought- affected areas, as well as prolonged conditions of low river flow, which will result in poor water quality. On the other hand, following the devastating floods of 2014, another large-scale flood occurred in May and June of 2023, which led to the declaration of a state of emergency in 56 municipalities. For this reason, the Republic of Serbia pays particular attention to damages and losses caused by climate change and extreme weather events, which will continue to be the subject of analysis within future NDC revision processes. 8/13 4. Planning processes (b) Specific information applicable to Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached an agreement to act jointly under Article 4, paragraph 2 of the Paris Agreement, including the Parties that agreed to act jointly and accept the terms of the Agreement, in accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 16–18, of the Paris Agreement; Not applicable. (c) How the Party’s preparation of its nationally determined contribution has been informed by the outcomes of the global stocktake, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Paris Agreement The preparation of NDC 3.0 is based on the results of the first global stocktake, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 9 of the Paris Agreement. The conclusions of the global stocktake highlighted the need for increased ambition and accelerated action towards greater emission reductions and aligned the document with global climate goals. In response, the Republic of Serbia has taken the above into account through an increase of ambition in NDC 3.0, emphasising its commitment to contributing more effectively to joint efforts to limit global temperature rise. (d) Each Party with a nationally determined contribution under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement that consists of adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans resulting in mitigation co- benefits consistent with Article 4, paragraph 7, of the Paris Agreement to submit information on: (i) How the economic and social consequences of response measures have been considered in developing the Nationally Determined Contribution The economic, social and environmental impacts of policies and measures for mitigating the effects of climate change were considered during the preparation of NDC 3.0, and in particular during the preparation of the INECP. The identification of the most appropriate pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions was subject to cost analysis, as well as social, economic and environmental impacts. To define a fair and economically efficient pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the impacts of mitigation policies and measures on gross domestic product (GDP) growth, employment and the share of household energy costs were considered, for different mitigation scenarios. The conditional greenhouse gas emission reduction target for 2035 was defined according to the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as according to its impact on social, economic and environmental parameters. 9/13 4. Planning processes (ii) Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented to contribute to mitigation co- benefits, including information on adaptation plans that also yield mitigation co-benefits, which may cover, but are not limited to, key sectors, such as energy, resources, water resources, coastal resources, human settlements and urban planning, agriculture and forestry; and economic diversification actions, which may cover, but are not limited to, sectors such as manufacturing and industry, energy and mining, transport and communication, construction, tourism, real estate, agriculture and fisheries. Not applicable. 5. Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals (a) Assumptions and methodological approaches used for accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals corresponding to the Party’s nationally determined contribution, consistent with decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 31, and accounting guidance adopted by the CMA; The information is available in BTR1 and in the National Inventory Document on greenhouse gases. (b) Assumptions and methodological approaches used for accounting for the implementation of policies and measures or strategies in the Nationally Determined Contribution; The policies and measures necessary for achieving the greenhouse gas emission reduction target are prescribed by the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan of the Republic of Serbia for the period up to 2030, with a vision to 2050 (INECP). The Law on Energy prescribes that, in accordance with the undertaken obligations arising from an international treaty, the ministry competent for energy affairs shall prepare the INECP in cooperation with other relevant ministries, within which development projections until 2050 are defined. In April 2022, the Rulebook on the detailed content and guidelines for determining the national targets of the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan, the manner of its preparation and reporting on its implementation was adopted. NDC 3.0 will be updated in accordance with the new greenhouse gas emission reduction targets following the preparation of the INECP that will establish the targets for 2040 and for 2035, respectively. 10/13 5. Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals The framework for monitoring the achievement of the emission reduction target from the NDC is established in accordance with the Law on Climate Change, namely the provisions governing the National System for Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories. In the forthcoming period, a project will also be launched for the continuation of establishing the framework for enhanced transparency, which will enable the establishment of a monitoring and reporting system in accordance with the modalities, procedures and guidelines for the Enhanced Transparency Framework under the Paris Agreement. (c) If applicable, information on how the Party will take into account existing methods and guidance under the Convention to account for anthropogenic emissions and removals, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 14, of the Paris Agreement, as appropriate; Please refer to answer under 5 (d). (d) IPCC methodologies and metrics used for estimating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals; The current greenhouse gas inventories are harmonised with Decision 18/CMP.1 and Decision 24/CP.19, including the amendment to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories from 2013, and the 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) for a 100-year time horizon, published in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), was used. (e) Sector-, category- or activity- specific assumptions, methodologies and approaches consistent with IPCC guidance, as appropriate, including, as applicable: (i) Approach to addressing emissions and subsequent GHG removals due to natural disturbances on managed lands; The approach applied to address greenhouse gas emissions and subsequent removals resulting from natural disturbances on managed land is that presented in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Volume 4, Chapter 2: Generic Methodologies Applicable to Multiple Land-Use Categories. (ii) Approach used to account for emissions and GHG removals from harvested wood products; The approach applied for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and removals through harvested wood products is that presented in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Volume 4, Chapter 12: Harvested Wood Products. (iii) Approach used to address the effects of age-class structure in forests; Not applicable. 11/13 5. Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals (f) Other assumptions and methodological approaches used for understanding the Nationally Determined Contribution and, if applicable, estimating corresponding emissions and removals, including: (i) How the reference indicators, baseline(s) and/or reference level(s), including, where applicable, sector-, category- or activity-specific reference levels, are constructed, including, for example, key parameters, assumptions, definitions, methodologies, data sources and models used; Reference indicators, the baseline and reference level are based on the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory and baseline scenarios which take into account the policies and measures adopted at the end of 2019. The information is available in BTR1. (ii) For Parties with nationally determined contributions that contain non- greenhouse-gas components, information on assumptions and methodological approaches used in relation to those components, as applicable; Not applicable. (iii) For climate forcers included in nationally determined contributions not covered by IPCC guidelines, information on how the climate forcers are estimated; Not applicable. (iv) Further technical information, as required; Not applicable. (g) The intention to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, if applicable. Not applicable. 6. How the Party considers whether its nationally determined contribution is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances: (a) How the Party considers whether its Nationally Determined Contribution is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances; The Republic of Serbia is a small country with a relatively small population, yet strongly committed to contributing to global climate action, even though under the UNFCCC it is a developing country whose energy sector relies on domestic lignite. Despite this, the Republic of Serbia has significantly raised its climate ambitions, with NDC 3.0 increasing the conditional national greenhouse gas emission reduction target more than fourfold compared to the initial target. 12/13 6. How the Party considers whether its nationally determined contribution is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances: NDC 3.0 has been developed as part of a broader vision for the long-term reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, in line with the overarching goals of the Paris Agreement. At the same time, the Republic of Serbia is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, with extreme weather events causing significant economic losses. Between 2000 and 2024, climate and weather-related disasters resulted in a minimum estimated losses and damages of EUR 10.45 billion, including an estimated EUR 1 billion arising from the severe drought in the summer of 2024. Around 70% of this damages was caused by droughts and high temperatures. In this context, the ambitious NDC of the Republic of Serbia reflects the urgency of climate action and the national circumstances of the country, striking a balance between its climate obligations and developmental needs. (b) Fairness considerations During the preparation of NDC 3.0, the economic, social and environmental impacts of policies and measures for mitigating climate change were considered, which was particularly taken into account also during the preparation of the INECP. The identification of the most appropriate way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions was subject to cost assessment, as well as social, economic and environmental impacts. In order to define a socially just and economically efficient pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the impacts of mitigation policies and measures on GDP, employment and the share of household energy costs were considered, for different mitigation scenarios. The conditional greenhouse gas emission reduction target for 2035 was defined according to the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as its impact on social, economic and environmental parameters. The approach represents a continuation of the practice applied also during the preparation of NDC 2.0 (2022), given that the economic, environmental and social impacts of climate change mitigation measures were considered in the preparation of NDC 2.0, and particularly within the process of preparing the Low Carbon Development Strategy (2023), which served as the basis for NDC 2.0. As in the case of NDC 3.0, the identification of the most appropriate way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions depended on costs, as well as on social, economic and environmental impacts. (c) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Paris Agreement; The presented contribution demonstrates clear progress compared to the first NDC and reflects the highest possible ambition, taking into account national circumstances. (d) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement; The Republic of Serbia is a developing country and has thereby increased its NDC, which represents a conditional economy- wide target. (e) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement. Not applicable. 13/13 7. How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2: (a) How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2; Although the Republic of Serbia is a non-Annex I country under the UNFCCC and is vulnerable to climate change, the significant increase in ambition in the (updated) NDC 3.0 contributes to achieving the objective of the UNFCCC, namely the reduction of greenhouse gas emission concentrations in the atmosphere. (b) How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement. Please refer to the above paragraph 7, point (a). It should be particularly noted that the Republic of Serbia is ready to set an additional/conditional ambition with financial and technical assistance and capacity-building support.