National Security Strategy 2018

1. Amendments to the Human Security Act (HSA) - to strengthen the coordination and authori of the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) and the Anti-Terrorism Council (AT in suppressing terrorism. In amending the HSA, the NICA, or its successor organization, sha I continue to perform its duty as Secretariat of the ATC. On the other hand, the ATC - Progra Management Center, in addition to its other tasks shall continue to serve as the coordinat r of the Council in the performance of the Council's functions. The institutionalization of thi set-up will be done by the inclusion of the ATC-PMC in the HSA amendment. Moreover, th objective of the amendatory bill is generally to make the law consistent with the U Conventions on Anti-Terrorism and the adoption of international best practices, considerin that since the enactment of the Human Security Act, no case has prospered in the country.

2. Amendments to the Anti-Wiretapping Law - to judicially authorize the real-time/liv monitoring of telecommunications in cases involving pre-identified and confirmed persons r entities linked to terrorism and other grave criminal activities.

3. Enactment of a Sim Card Registration Law - to pre-identify users of SIM cards and facilitat their identification, as well as deter those who plan to use the same for terrorist or oth r criminal activities.

4. Amendments to the Anti-Terrorism Financing Law - to freeze any account of pre-identified r confirmed terrorist personalities, organizations or other entities engaged in terrorist financin or trafficking in strategic goods (i.e., weapons of mass destruction and items f dual/alternative use that can be applied tn, converted to, or otherwise made a part of weapo s of mass destruction, pursuant to our obligation under UNSCR 2178) in coordination with th work of AM LC.

5. Enactment of an Official Secrets Act - to: (1) absorb best practices/provisions from laws f various countries that already have such legislation; (2) provide classification and paramete s for classifying government secrets, authority for classifying and declassifying; (3) provide fun s for required hardware and software for databases, protocol for storage, retrieval, access t , declassification and release to the public, period for storage, and protocol for destruction; ( ) proscribe solicitation by foreign user/s; and (5) legislate severe criminal liability for violation .

6. Amendments to the Cybercrime Law - to authorize, without prior judicial intervention/cou order, the blocking of any Internet site or source of pre-identified/confirmed terrorist , terrorist organizations, or others propagandizing, inviting, inducing, recruiting for terroris , including terrorist financing for timely immediate action. In amending the Cybercrime La , include provision of guidelines and detailed description of the crimes.

7. Amendments to the Passport Law - to authorize the Department of Justice (DOJ), withe t prior judicial intervention/court order, to withhold, suspend, cancel/revoke passports or oth r travel documents of Filipino extremists who have undergone trainings or have foug t with/joined UN proscribed terrorist organizations. The DOJ confirmation of the legal basis f r these actions will be for the immediate implementation of the Department of Foreign Affai s (DFA). Also, this requires synchronization amendment on the Immigration Law. [24] Funding National Security Central to the shift in government outlook economic managers. In support of our defense pre cribed above is the need to start exploring the modernization, the government has to allocate at po sibility that there are potentially other sources least 2 percent of the GDP as the minimum annual an means to generate funds for the tremendous budget for the defense sector in order to elevate de ands of national security. Funding our credible ourselves from the (near) bottom position and det rrence capability will end the era of strategic quickly catch up with our ASEAN neighbors, and that failed to effectively manage safety and fully exercise our sovereignty. Myanmar, whose rity risks. Decades of inaction have led to GDP per capita is smaller than the Philippines, astating consequences to internal security and allocated 4.8% of GDP (2016) for military ha e undermined our ability to adequately prepare expenditure (SIPRI). xternal defense in the future. Keeping defense Apart from the budget provided by the nding low to save money is a spurious General Appropriations Act (GAA), the Executive jecture; it simply pushes expenses for and Legislative branches can also work together to ma ntenance, training , and capital stock into the identify and develop other potential funding sources. fut re, and at the expense of the country's security The funds generated from such sources will be an well-being. lodged in an exclusive national account under the There is a need to increase the size and Office of the President with congressional oversight. det rrent capability of the Navy and the Air Force as This is to ensure that the GAA for public qui kly as possible to serve as our external defense, administration and the delivery of basic services will pr ect our national territory and Exclusive not be impacted by the requirements for credible Ee nomic Zone (EEZ), and modernize all branches deterrence. of the armed forces. In addition, necessary There are important caveats to ensure pro edures should be taken as outlined above to fix smooth program execution to prevent costly delays. the acquisition system, rebalance compensation for The Procurement Law needs to be revised along ser ice members, and pass legislations that aim to with Commission on Audit (COA) rules and ere te new wealth and strengthen human and regulations, as well as bidding procedures and the ma eriel resources. rules of engagement among bidders where bidding The above requires a dynamic and cannot be dispensed with, to prevent unwarranted coll borative mix of executive and legislative legal obstructionism. acti ns, with support from our policymakers and [25] OTHER POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES FOR NATIONAL SECURITY + Convert portions of selected idle military lands in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao nto defense industrial parks and mixed-use residential-commercial zones, espec ally those bordering on highly developed regions. Conversion of lands will be coordinated with the concerned departments concerning rules and regulatiom on land use conversion. + Float long-term bonds or Treasury bills for sale to the corporate and sover ign markets here and abroad. Additionally, create affordable, low-denominated be nds for sale to patriotic individual citizens, to include our OFWs abroad. + Legislate a special national security tax applicable to mass air-sea-land transp prts and passengers; and to telecommunication companies and end-users. I + Legislate a revision of the Government-Owned or Controlled Corporations (GO :c) charters to set aside at least 3 percent of annual net income for credible deterre ce. + Legislate adjustments in the formula providing for the Internal Revenue Allotr ent (IRA) of local government units (LGUs) that carves out a significant amount 01 the annual IRA for credible deterrence. LGUs must be harnessed to help fund the Effort which will be used to protect their own territories. + Free up cash generated annually from anti-corruption and efficiency improver 1ent measures targeting at least 10 percent of the GAA in ascending rates over time. [26] Development of Strategic Industries Developing the strategic industries can make Of critical importance is the nature of thi sector a potential element of national power. technology to be utilized and the types of industry Wit its ample natural resources and huge skilled that can support rapid and sustainable economic wo force, the Philippines could become another development. Among the industries we need to sue ess story in the field of strategic industries, develop further are agriculture and aquaculture, so ething long overdue. aircraft, investment and banking, biotechnology, construction, disaster prevention, electronics, The long-term objectives are: (1) generate environment, information and communications res urces and wealth for the Filipino people; (2) technology, land combat, manufacturing, robotics, ex nd, diversify and transform the economy of the satellite systems and space, shipbuilding, strategic try -- from an agricultural to an industrial/ materials and minerals, transportation, weapons, ma ufacturing economy; (3) provide sufficient jobs and tourism. to ustain the Philippines' growing population; and (4) accelerate nation-building , economic de lopment, and stability of the country. ( nnex B provides the list of strategic industries that are vital to national security, nation-building and resource generation.) [27] STRATEGIC LINES OF ACTION [29] "In our work, we will be guided by the following priorities: We will place our peoples at the core; work for regional peace and stability; pursue maritime security and cooperation; advance inclusive, innovation-led growth; strengthen ASEAN resiliency; and promote ASEAN as a model of regionalism and as a global player." President RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE State of the Nation Address / January 2017 (30] o achieve the national security vision the security agenda. Through the Cabinet and the and protect the national interests, the Executive Committee of the NSC, the National State must address the various threats Security Adviser (NSA) shall report to the President and challenges that characterize the the status of their implementation. lving strategic security environment. The NSS pre ents the guiding principles in preparing the Below is a set of specific action areas, the str tegic action plans to address those challenges. fulfillment of which will contribute to the attainment Th National Security Council (NSC) shall of the above national vision. Similarly, these action co rdinate and oversee the day-to-day execution of areas were identified following a careful analysis of the ongoing security agenda. Together with the the various threats and challenges to national ag ncies under the Cabinet Cluster on Security, security and their associated risks. These action ice and Peace (CCSJP) and the National areas are expressed in terms of specific goals and lligence Board (NIB), the NSC shall ensure the objectives aimed at pro-actively countering or co esion of policies and programs for implementing reducing the country's exposure to these threats. GUARANTEE PUBLIC SAFETY AND ACHIEVE GOOD GOVERNANCE The Strategy begins with the determination to protect the nation against the range of threats that directly im ct on the safety and welfare of the Filipino people. These are terrorism , insurgency and subversion; tra snational crimes; criminality and illegal drugs; and graft and corruption. Terrorism, Insurgency and Subversion The Communist Party of the Philippines/New for more than two decades, but there has been little Pe pie's Army/National Democratic Front (CPP/ progress. The security situation remains problematic NP /NDF) remains as the most i n s i g n i fi cant parts of t he en uring and challenging resource-rich but troubled region The CPPINPAINDF continues to wage am ng the local revolutionary of Southern Philippines or war against the government. Peace for s. Virtually all provinces in talks with the rebels have been on- Mindanao. the country are affected by going for more than two decades, but there has been little oro.aress. Over the past two decades, two CP /NPA/NDF terrorism and ext rtion activities, including peace deals have been forged with the Moro National Liberation are s with strong presence by non-state armed Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front gro ps. The CPP/NPA/NDF continues to subvert (MILF). the state through subterfuge and violence. On and off eace talks with the rebels have been on-going [31] However, peace efforts in Mindanao have The five-month siege in Marawi City in remained fragile due to the led by the Maute brother splintering of the Moro a Hapilon-led the The five-month siege in Marawi City in 2017, movement which gave rise led by the Maute brothers and a Hapilon-led Abu Sayyaf Group to the emergence of smaller faction of the ASG showed the more showed the more men menacing brand of lslamist extremism that brand of lslamist extre ism but decidedly more violent we are currently facing in Mindanao. and extremist lslamist that we are currently fac ng in jihadists. In recent years, Mindanao. these groups have pledged allegiance to the Iraq- born Islamic State (IS) terror network and are believed to be seeking to establish an Islamic caliphate encompassing the entire Southeast Asia. KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS • Modernize, professionalize and synergize se the Philippine Armed Forces and the National Police t be capable of combating terrorism, insurgency and subversion, quickly and decisively. • Work with Congress to allocate greater resources to modernize our police, military, and coast guard an to enable our troops to confront the challenges of terrorism and insurgency. • Defeat radicalism and prevent recruitment through an effective whole-of-government approach nd address the process of radicalization and de-radicalization through information operations and educatio . • Implement the peace agreement with the MILF toward healing in the Bangsamoro, complete the implementation of remaining commitments under the GPH-MNLF peace agreement, and work for the immediate conclusion of the peace process with the CBA-CPLA and the RPMP-RPA-ABB. • Provide additional security to future and existing infrastructure projects to prevent militant groups f om sabotaging and/or interfering with the projects and structures' purpose. • Address the plight of the Indigenous Peoples and farmers especially agrarian reform beneficiarie to prevent unrest in the countryside and recruitment of insurgents and terrorists. • Implement peace-promoting and catch-up socioeconomic development in conflict-affected areas nd empower communities by increasing their capacity to address conflict and reduce their vulnerabilities. • Strengthen government peace and development institutions and mechanisms to increase t eir responsiveness to peace, conflict, and security issues. Ensure government rationalization, coordination, and monitoring of the delivery of socioecon mic programs, and other interventions by donor institutions and government agencies in conflict-affe ted areas, especially in Mindanao. • In addition to the active force, train and expand the strength of the reservists to at least one percent ( %) of the population pursuant to the Philippine Constitution and the AFP Reservist Act (RA 7077). [32] Transnational Organized Crimes Transnational organized crimes (TOC) and immediately adapt to developments in information the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and communications technology (ICT) and trade and co tinue to pose numerous challenges to the state's financial practices, among others. ov rail national security. Organized crimes prevalent The Phil ippines' shift towards greater in e country include drug trafficking, trafficking in integration within the ASEAN framework blurs the piracy and armed physical lines of state borders that against ships, make illicit activities easier to of small arms and Transnational organized crimes and the proliferation of weapons of mass conduct. This context provides lig t weapons (gunrunning), destruction continue to pose TOC syndicates more opportunities rnet fraud/identity theft numerous challenges to the state's to operate and thrive. Moreover, bercrimes), product overall national security. violence and corruption are nterfeiting (Intellectual inherent elements of TOC. erty Rights or IPR theft) an environmental crimes such as wildlife trafficking. The rule of law enforced by state authorities is met with violent and armed resistance while Transnational organized crime groups corruption of government officials further facilitates op rate like multi-national companies and as such, the illicit activities of transnational organized crimes pro it-maximization is the primary objective. As new without fear of arrest or interdiction. tre ds in the global market emerge, these groups KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS nhance the capabilities of law enforcement agencies on equipment, training, mobility, communications and eapons for effective deterrence and interdiction. • trengthen the anti-money laundering aspect of investigation by integrating financial investigations in all law nforcement operations. • I prove border management and security on land, water and air. • reate a reliable database on transnational organized crime syndicates for information-sharing with foreign unterparts. prove international collaboration and cooperation in both the public and the private sector. plement the Strategic Trade Management Act of 2015 to address the threats on the proliferation of weapons mass destruction. [33) Criminalities, Public Safety, Rule of Law and Human Rights Public safety is defined as the overall welfare areas. Public safety can be better established f the and protection of the general public. Prevailing roads and bridges leading to the distressed reas public safety concerns are criminality, illegal drugs, are secure and passable. and natural and human- Corollary to this is the induced disasters. The The strategic objective is to mainstream the promotion of the rule o law strategic objective is to concept of public safety in the national and the observance and mainstream the concept of security agenda to build peaceful, safe and respect for human rights The public safety in the national resilient communities. law is a cornerstone the security agenda to build country's democratic peaceful, safe and resilient which enables the attainment of public safet and communities. This entails the integration of law national security goals. To this end, the Stat will enforcement, community policing, disaster vigorously pursue the promotion and observa e of management and resilience, and local governance the rule of law, value the dignity of every h in the security sector framework. being and guarantee full respect for human rig In times of calamities or terror attacks, there is a need to prioritize securing access to the affected KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS • Institutionalize reforms within the PNP that will command community and citizen respect, trust, and confidence. • Build resilient communities that are able to deal with and recover from every crisis. • Guarantee the mobility and secure access of aid workers and peace-keeping officers to affected areas in ime of calamities or terror attacks. • Step up police-community partnerships on crime prevention and for the protection of critical infrastructure an installations. • Dismantle all private armies. • Integrate human rights approaches to all aspects of State functions. • Build a system that will allow the exchange of information among law enforcement, prosecution, cou t an corrections agencies for swift intelligence gathering and apprehension of criminal elements. • Strengthen border control to deter the entry of unlawful elements by passing a new immigration law. [34] Governance Bad governance and structural inequities ha e impeded economic progress and continue to de and priority attention, efforts and resources from go ernment. In particular, corruption in the public sector ha impeded the development goals of the State. It Corruption in the public sector has impeded the development goals of the State and div rts scarce resources from the poor and diverts scarce resources from the poor and vul erable sectors of society. Promoting a culture of vulnerable sectors of society. go d governance will, therefore, benefit the long- ter security of the country. It entails the efficient and effective use of res urces to implement the priority programs and pro ects of the State to end extreme poverty and rai e the living standards of every Filipino. The ov rall strategic priorities are to reduce corruption an increase accountability and transparency in the go ernment. KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS • I still accountability and transparency in the government and stop corruption. • mpower our people to cope with developments in science and technology, shifts in economic power, and emographic and social change. nsure in-city relocation site of communities that will be affected by rapid urbanization and development ncourage public participation through active 24/7 hotline 8888. rofessionalize the civil service for a more competent and principled government workforce. ursue and communicate the benefits of the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) and a federal- rliamentary form of government. [35] MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF HEALTH-RELATED THREATS Health security today demands greater primarily destroys the human brain which im acts attention than before. New diseases are emerging mental health. Drug abuse leads to serious er mes, and spreading; virus and bacteria are developing which in turn can destroy lives and families a well drug-resistant strains; and laboratories are working as the erosion of social peace. on dangerous bacteria and viruses. The ease of Although the government acknowledge tha global travel has increased the risk of rapid the victims of drug addiction are health patient , it is spread and contamination, as well as challenged inclined to treat the issue as a socio-politica one existing containment protocols. requiring a more comprehensive govern ent Moreover, the proliferation of illegal drugs intervention. has been another major health problem as it KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS: THREATS TO HEALTH AND NUTRITI N • Strengthen the nation's capacity and continue collaboration with other countries particularly the Nation's World Health Organization in preventing, detecting, and responding to epidemics/pandemics. • Maintain the high level of 24/7 preparedness and quick response capabilities. • Modernize the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) and continue the capability building f its research teams. • Develop or further strengthen facilities for detection (i.e. Laboratories and Toxicology / Poison Center and case management for victims/ casualties of Chemical, Biological, and Radio-Nuclear (CBRN) incidents. • Scale up public hospitals to at least level Ill as well as the government vaccination program coverage. • Establish a genuine, pro-poor universal health care system wherein public hospitals are given more fin ncial support by the national government and local government units (LG Us). KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS: ILLEGAL DRUGS & SUBSTANCE AB SE • Enhance community-based rehabilitation programs through the Department of Health (DOH) and local ealt units (LHUs). • Educate the youth on the ills of illegal drugs and substance abuse. • Improve the socio-economic welfare of the people through education and livelihood programs. • Create an information I database system on illegal drugs and substance abuse. • Develop a comprehensive post release monitoring plan to prevent a relapse or return to illegal drug u an substance abuse. • Tap the religious sectors, media, academia and other relevant non-government organizations in rehabil tatio programs and anti-illegal drug use and substance abuse campaign. [36] DEVELOP A DYNAMIC, INCLUSIVE, AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY The prevailing challenge of the 21 st century is Meanwhile, businesses in the manufacturing, ho to achieve the competitive advantage. The banking and finance, and services segments can ch llenges of globalization such as economic continue to take advantage of the country's large int gration and increasing competition have called pool of young, skilled, English-speaking and for the development of the hardworking labor force. str tegic industries which The challenge of globalization is how to ca play a significant role in Industries such as aviation, translate human innovation and technological the country's pursuit of rapid electronics, information and progress into the development of strategic ec nomic development and industries which can create wealth for national communications technology, development and national security land combat systems , nat onal security. robotics, satellite systems With its rich natural and and space technology, mi eral resources, vibrant and resilient people, and shipbuilding, strategic minerals, and weapons ility of labor and capital, the country can easily manufacturing, are supported by parallel industries the tide of post-modernization. The country's such as parts manufacturing, machining and ex ansive arable lands and rich fishing grounds assembly. Other industries with promising potential ind ate that agribusiness and fishing will continue to in the Philippines are logistics and transport, thri e. biotechnology, construction, and renewable energy. KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS romote military and defense establishments' partnerships with the private sector and foreign companies in t e build-up of strategic industries. evelop and harmonize industry-based graduate and undergraduate programs and curricula with global andards and 21 st century competencies. reate more vibrant and livable growth centers to help decongest main urban areas and ensure a safe mployment environment. romote science and technology competencies, programs and courses to develop and build an adequate pool technocrats and scientists. ill the industry gaps by establishing supporting industries like industrial steel manufacturing (ISM) for steel r finery and recovery, and intelligent solutions industry (ISi) for highly-in-demand products and technology. upport access to quality education and the competitiveness of human resource through people-to-people changes, and overseas training and education. upport innovation-based interventions / technologies to enhance industry / Micro, Small and Medium nterprises (MSME) productivity. [37] ACHIEVE FOOD AND WATER SECURITY Food is the most important commodity in mismanagement, inadequate investmen s in populous Philippines. Combined with our military physical infrastructure, and the growing thre t of instrument which is now among the weakest in Asia, climate change. Consequently, it has result d to food is a major element of Philippine national power. drought and desertification in some parts o the Among the various food items, rice is the staple food country. Water security then has become a not only of Filipinos but most neighboring countries national security concern that the govern ent in Asia and even in Africa. It is a political commodity should address. because its shortage has caused social unrest and even a global food crisis in the past. This is why food security has become a significant national security concern. It is the policy of the government to ensure that every Filipino shall have food on their table, especially the poorer sector of society. It is a major challenge then for the government to come up with the necessary strategies to ensure continuous development of the agricultural and fishery sectors Food is a political commodity. Its shorta e and mitigation of the adverse effects of man-made has caused social unrest in the past. Fo security is closely linked with water securi y. and natural crises on food security. Related to this, food security is closely linked to water security. Without water, there will hardly be food; and without secure water for crops, livestock, and human use, there will be conflict. The agricultural food-based production depends solely on water resource. Watersheds provide irrigation to agricultural lands especially lands planted with food crops such as rice and corn. However, despite the abundance of water in the country, there has still been a decline of supply of water in many parts of the country. The declining water supply was due to decades of resource [38] KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS: FOOD SECURITY ddress the problem of land conversion particularly the prime agricultural lands that are converted into non- gricultural uses and building of irrigations. llot bigger subsidy for the agricultural production of small and middle income farmers, implement genuine nd reform, and respect the indigenous people's right to their ancestral land. ake use of technologies that have been proven beneficial to farmers and fishermen, to the health of the eople and to the environment. • I plement a social development program that will enable poor communities to stand on their own and utilize t eir own resources. • dopt a multi-faceted whole-of-government approach including partnerships with a wide range of non- overnment development actors and groups. rovide social protection schemes and educational assistance for farmers and fishermen. pgrade infrastructure, rehabilitate and protect major ecosystems, and adopt a basin-approach to nvironmentally sound management of resources. prove awareness, appreciation and coverage of small farmers and fisherfolk on risk insurance and resiliency t climate and disaster risks. KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS: WATER SECURITY principles of integrated water resources management and sustainable forest conservation and anagement practices. romote social and individual awareness about water issues and encourage civil society participation in ecision-making regarding environmental impacts and other measures. • I plement policies, plans and programs on the tenurial rights of indigenous peoples and forest dwellers, log an, and mining operations in forest areas, protected areas and watersheds. ehabilitate mangrove forests and build water catchments and impounding facilities. [39] SAFEGUARD AND PRESERVE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY AND TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY In safeguarding and p r eserving its Over the past several decades, the sovereignty and territorial integrity, the Philippines Forces of the Philippines (AFP) has een shall provide emphasis on the implementation of a performing multifarious functions, putting a str strong independent foreign policy. At the very least, its limited equipment and resources. the Philippines needs to project a minimum defense Apart from its main duty of and credibility. In particular, the dispute in the West defending the national territory against ex rnal Philippine Sea depicts the threats , the AFP has een immense historical, economic, required to also suppor the legal, diplomatic, and environ- The respective roles and mandates of interna l security opera ions mental complexities involved in our military, law enforcement agencies, reservists, and other key stakeholders against terrorism and lslami and the dispute pitting the need to be aligned with the country's communist insurgents. The Philippines with several other national security goals and objectives. military has also been a the claimant countries. Actions to frontline of government r scu address the West Philippine and relief operations d ring Sea issue should look into the interplay of these natural calamities and other disasters. dynamics and how government efforts and resources should be prioritized. Relatedly, a media In view of our li mited capabilities an campaign at home and abroad on the Award issued resources, the respective roles and mandates f ou by the Tribunal of the United Nations Convention on mi litary, civil ian law enforcement agen ies , the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the West reservists, and other key stakeholders will n d to Philippine Sea dispute is called for. be synchronized and aligned with the co try' national security goals and objectives. KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS • Modernize the deterrent and self-defense capabilities of our ground, naval, littoral and air forces. Enhance professional development of foreign service personnel and members of defense and f reig attaches. • Strengthen cooperation and peaceful approach with countries sharing common maritime border an interests. • Pursue the passage of relevant national security legislations. • Support bilateral, regional and global mechanisms that promote peace and security, the rule of la an peaceful resolution of disputes. [40] HEIGHTEN CONSCIOUSNESS AND PRIDE ON FILIPINO HERITAGE, CULTURE AND VALUES The Philippines is a nation of diverse cultures spirituality, and gratitude. Culture is also varied th were rooted from the East and the West. But according to age group, gender, spirituality, and ev n prior to colonization, our socio-economic class. indigenous peoples already ha their distinct justice and Just like the archipelagic nature go ernance systems, customs The Government needs to work of our country, we take pride in our an traditions, arts, literature, towards preserving and enriching our heritage of looking at our sense of national pride in our unique narratives - from Luzon, Visayas, mu ic, dance, and values. This historical roots, culture and value wa later influenced by the and Mindanao - as being one systems. int eduction of Islam, the history of the Filipino people. co ing of the Chinese, the Given the rich cultural Sp niards, the Americans, and the Japanese. background of the Filipinos, it is the responsibility of the government to work towards These various cultural influences have led us preserving and enriching our sense of national pride to ecome a country with 120-170 languages and in our unique historical roots, culture, and values dia cts, spoken by 110 ethno-linguistic groups, and systems. ha ing distinct values of friendliness, hospitality, KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS onserve, protect and promote the nation's historical and cultural heritage. • ncourage the continuing and balanced development of a diverse culture by the people. nsure the widest dissemination of artistic and cultural products among the greatest number of people across t e country and overseas for their appreciation, enjoyment and promotion. • I tegrate the history, culture and identity studies of Filipino-Muslims and Indigenous people in the study of hilippine History in both basic and higher education. ncourage and support continuing discussion and debate through symposia, workshops, publications, etc., on t e highest norms available in the matrix of Philippine culture. mbed the culture of nation-building, inclusiveness, cultural and gender-sensitivity and global citizenship in all spects of education. [41] PROMOTE HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL SECURITY Climate change as well as natural and Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan in Leyte, we ave human-induced emergencies and disasters have seen how natural disasters have re lted become one of the most significant human security in the loss of lives, homes, livelihood, busine ses, concerns of our time. The Philippines, in particular, and infrastructure. They have pushed peop e to is susceptible to both geological and hydro- poverty, displacement and hunger, and ave meteorological hazards. In fact, the World Risk reversed some of our recent economic gains In Report 2016 puts the country at third place among times of disasters, equally important is to giv first the countries with the highest disaster risk in the responders access to disaster areas and pr vide world, next to Vanuatu (first) and Tonga (second). relief goods to affected citizens. It is the fore With temperature and rainfall projected to increase imperative for the government, with the support of all from now until 2050 because of climate change, the stakeholders, to better promote human and impact of natural disasters is expected to increase. ecological security and seriously addres the negative effect of climate change and disaster risks With the onslaught of the 2013 7.2 magnitude in the country. earthquake in Bohol and the 2013 Category 5 Super KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS • Adopt a set of approaches on the sustainable development goals to promote human security, signifi anti reduce poverty, protect the environment and ensure prosperity. • Develop environment-friendly technology and engineering solutions to address climate change and mitig te it negative impacts. • Strengthen the role and capability of the local government units and security forces in disaster, emerg cies and crises response. • Allocate sufficient public funds and investments in disaster risk reduction and management and to pers nnel engaged in disaster-risk and reduction activities. • Promote "clean and green" consciousness in the Filipino youth through education and community- programs and policies. • Mitigate the negative effects of climate change and calamities by having in place multiple plans to delive relie goods in disaster areas. • Institutionalize punitive actions against local government units that prove unwilling to exert best eff rts i cleaning and protecting the environment. • Dismantle private enterprises that adversely and significantly affect the environment by failing to compl wit government regulations. [42] ACHIEVE ENERGY SECURITY Energy security is the uninterrupted sources, develop alternative, sustainable, and av ilability of energy sources to all households and environmental-friendly sources of energy to support ec nomic sectors throughout the country at an the growing demands of economic enterprises and aft rdable price. The Philippines is committed to households, and contribute to global efforts to se ure and protect energy supply throughout the address the negative effects of climate change. co ntry, sustain and develop existing energy KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS ecure and protect the generation, distribution and transmission of domestic fuel resources. romote the use of alternative fuels and the aggressive development of renewable energy potentials such as iomass, natural gas, solar, wind, and ocean resources. ursue the development of alternative non-conventional energy technology for non-commercially viable r mote areas and smaller villages. • ursue a policy environment that hosts the convergence of education, scientific research, and business terests in promoting clean and renewable energy. prove the supply and maintain affordable pricing of oil and electricity services nationwide; tilize the services of international partners and explore the latest scientific innovations in achieving energy curity. • ast track implementation of the Philippine Energy Plan 2012-2030. [43) ENSURE MARITIME AND AIRSPACE SECURITY The Philippines has the third longest Currently, the Philippines has diffi ulty coastline in the world after Indonesia and Canada patrolling its vast expanse of water due to la k of and is the world's sixth largest producer of fish. Fish equipment and resources stemming mainly from is a main protein source and meager border security and fisheries are a main source of defense funding. There i an livelihood for Filipinos in coastal There is an urgent need to develop a urgent need to develop a m dern modern and adequately-equipped and adequately-equipped b rder areas. Fisheries have border security force capable of historically supported the security force capable of en uring ensuring maritime and airspace survival of coastal populations security. maritime and air space securi y. and are vital to food security. Laws to counter illegal act vities The sea is extremely significant within the Philippines' maritime and air spaces need from an international navigational, economic, to be strengthened . Security cooperation and geopolitical and strategic perspective. Oil and gas political agreements should also be strengthe d to resources have been proven to exist in areas promote regional peace and stability. adjacent to and closest to the coastlines of littoral states. The sea is also a lifeline for trade and energy supplies as well as for military navigation. KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS • Integrate management plans and operations in our air and maritime domains. • Identify and acquire equipment to provide nationwide 24/7 domain awareness, and effectively manag and control Philippines air and maritime spaces. • Harmonize agency capability plans, legal and fund requirements relative to air and maritime securit and development missions. • Establish comprehensive and integrated databases for planning and decision-making. • Promote maritime domain awareness. [44] STRENGTHEN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS The present global political, economic and se urity order requires an independent foreign policy to nsure a stable and secure external environment for the country and people to thrive as a united and pr ressive nation. An independent foreign policy An independent foreign policy shall be geared towards bolstering cooperative II be geared towards bolstering cooperative and and harmonious relations with all ha monious relations with all countries at the countries. bil teral, regional and multilateral levels, promoting de elopment through international cooperation an economic diplomacy, protecting the rights and we fare of overseas Filipinos, and advancing Phi ippine global stature through commitment to int rnational obligations. KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS • romote amity and cooperation with all nations by enhancing bilateral relations, strengthening alliances and rategic partnerships, and developing new security or cooperation arrangements. xpand and enhance engagements and cooperation with regional and international organizations, particularly i areas of interest to the country. xpand the global presence of the Philippine Foreign Service and key attached agencies and establish oreign Service posts in strategic areas. • xpand security, defense, social and economic diplomacy in support of the national vision and the country's curity and development agenda. [45] PROVIDE STRONG CYBER INFRASTRUCTURE AND CYBER SECURITY The Internet has become not only a ready insurgents, terrorists and other groups to pu icize source of information for research and education their actions and promote their cause. This ha also purposes, but has also become a resulted in the ris of platform to promote a culture of radicalization and vi lent peace among people with varying The protection of critical infrastructure extremism, especially a ong cultures. On the other hand , the from cyber attacks and information the vulnerable youth wh are manipulation is an urgent national tech savvy. The protecti n of Filipinos' increased dependence on security concern. online connectivity has also made critical infrastructure the public, including the cyber attacks and infor government and business sectors, manipulation has beco more vulnerable to various forms of web-based urgent imperative. Our inability to harnes the crimes. potentials and thwart the threats from cyber pace could imperil the country's vital interests, With advances in technology and innovations infrastructure and installations, institutions, an the in the computer and mobile industry surging at a patrimony of the country and people. Phili very fast pace, protecting its citizens and institutions initiatives have to be promoted and aligned to fforts from falling victims to cybercrimes has become a of all countries that pursue a secure and r major challenge for the government. Moreover, the cyberspace environment. easy access to the Internet has also been used by KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS • Protect the business and supply chains via the implementation of the National Cybersecurity Plan's (N SP) National Common Criteria Evaluation Program. • Establish the National Cyber Intelligence Platform for shared situational awareness and strengthe th capabilities of the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) to assess our vulnerabilities and to im rove the country's protection profiles in cyberspace. • Conduct a continuing cyber security education campaign to raise public awareness especially amon th youth on the terrorist activities in the cyberspace. • Increase the supply of national cybersecurity professionals and experts. • Work with the global community to address the gaps and ongoing improvement in our national cyber s posture and coordinate law enforcement, investigation and prosecution of cyber criminals. • Provide a predictable and sustained clarity of roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders duri th cyber-attacks. [46] IMPROVE VITAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND PORT SECURITY Transport is a critical sector of the Philippine the country's financial and political hub. Developing ec nomy, linking its people and business hubs an integrated and sustainable transport network that ss its many islands. But a booming population, can move goods, people and services more ra id urbanization and decades of underspending in spaciously, efficiently, and safely is therefore an inf structure development have urgent concern of the Phi li ppine government. The increased threats posed by ork in terms of ageing and Relatedly, the increased threats terrorism and transnational crimes rly-strained infrastructure. Its prompt more stringent internal security posed by terrorism and Ii ited road network and protocols and measures. More transnational crimes prompt co tinuously increasing number of thorough security measures shall be more stringent internal security implemented in the country's aviation, pri ate vehicles exceeding the protocols and measures. More port and cargo, and immigration ro d network's absorptive facilities. thorough security measures ca acity have also exacerbated must be implemented in the ro congestion, pollution, and country's aviation, port and mo or vehicle accidents especially in Metro Manila, cargo, and immigration facilities. KEY FEATURES OF STRATEGIC ACTIONS nhance the transportation systems and train the personnel in responding to security threats or breaches of ecurity in all roads and highways, seaports, and airports. evelop inter-island connectivity nationwide, construct subways and overpasses in strategic routes, and adopt utomated guideway transit (AGT) systems. stablish and maintain a database for all the domestic and foreign transportation security threats. onduct a continuing awareness campaign on the security risks and threats to our transportation frastructure, seaports and airports. partnerships with law enforcement officials, emergency responders, public safety agencies, and f reign counterparts with jurisdiction over transportation and port security. uild strategic routes to transportation hubs that would improve the response time of law enforcement officials, mergency responders and public safety agents in times of emergencies, security threats or breaches of curity or natural or human-induced disasters. dopt and fully implement international security protocols on port security, port access and facilitation. [47] Chapter 6 ENHANCED NATIONAL SECURITY ORGANIZATION [49] ORGANIZATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIDENT .... ......... ........................... .............. ... . .........·:..... ........ . --··-··""'""'--- Executive ... NSC NEDA Board .. ...- .. ............... .. Cabinet -----.. ONSA/ONSDG Council Proper LEDAC SJP Cluster NICA NSCS • EXECOM NIC N'l'f'-WPS PSR NSC I Council Proper • Meets at the President's Direction NSC / Cabinet - Meets at the Call of the Chairman of the Security, Justice, and Peace Cluster NSC I ONSA-ONSDG • Provides Day-to-Day Advice and Forum for Inter-Agency Coordination of National Security Policy LEGEND: NSC. National Security Council; NEDA- National Economic DevelopmentAuthority; SJP • Security, Justice and Peace; ONSA/ONSDG - Office of the National Security Adviser/ Office of the National Security Director General; LEDAC - Legislative and Executive Development Authority Council; NICA • National lnteUlgence Coordinating Agency; NSCS • National Security Council Secretariat; NIC • National Intelligence Committee; NTF-WPS • National Task Force-West Philippine Sea; NIB - National lntelllgence Board; PSR • Presidential Situation Room. [50] o advance our national interests and policies; crafting action plans; and coordinating, achieve the national vision, the overseeing and monitoring the status of Philippines needs a coherent and implementation of action plans. cohesive national security organization The Philippines has an already existing tha can effectively respond to the ever-shifting national security infrastructure that has served the re liti es in the secur ity environment. The country well through its many crises and national org nization for national security is primarily emergencies. However, given the highly fluid and res onsible for integrating the efforts of concerned often unpredictable nature of the threats and go ernment agencies and instrumentalities related challenges we are facing, the quest for a better way to several critical aspects of national security of accomplishing tasks should be a continuing goal ma agement, i.e., information/intelligence gathering; of our national security managers and practitioners. co ucting policy research and analysis; formulating THE ORGANIZATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY As Head of State and Government, the strategies. In performing such a role, he is aided by Pre ident of the Republic of the Philippines plays a two multi-agency bodies: the National Security ral role in national security management and Council (NSC) and the National Economic and sion-making primarily in terms of giving broad Development Authority (NEDA) Board. The ance and impetus to the formulation and President has also the authority to seek advice from of national security policies and other members of the Filipino national community. A. National Security Council (NSC) The National Security Council is the principal Representatives, selected Cabinet members, former ad sory body on the proper coordination and presidents, and other government officials and inte ration of policies and plans affecting national private citizens or organizations who may be invited sec rity. The NSC consists of two distinct bodies - by the President. Theoretically, the Council Proper the Council Proper and the Office of the National is where crucial policy decisions are arrived at. Se urity Adviser and Director General of the NSC However, being collegial in nature, the Council Se retariat. Proper is convened only periodically, as may be called by the President. The NSC Secretariat, on The National Security Council Proper is a the other hand, is a permanent body that provides coll gial body chaired by the President. It is technical support to the Council Proper. It is headed co posed of the Vice President, the Senate by the Director General, who is at the same time the Pr sident, the Speaker of the House of National Security Adviser (NSA). Under the direction [51] of the President, the National Security Council's • Direct and coordinate national crisis manage main functions are: Establish the necessary guidelines for pla and coordinating the National Security Polic Assist the President in directing the National the National Security Strategy; Security Policy and in giving direction to the execution of the National Security Strategy; • Oversee the proper functioning of the intelli nee and the national security community; • Guide in the drafting of any second -level Strategies that are deemed necessary and, if • Perform other tasks attributed to it by law r as appropriate, proceed to their approval; directed by the President. Monitor compliance in the implementation of the National Security Strategy and approve the Annual Security Report for submission to Congress; B. Cabinet Cluster on Security, Justice and Peace Over the past decades, successive and strategies. Once adopted, it is the respon ibility administrations have organized and reorganized a of the cluster to monitor the status of implemen ation Cabinet Cluster on national security matters. At and assess the impact of these policies and present, the Cluster on Security, Justice and Peace strategies. (EO No. 24, series of 2017) has been tasked to The Cluster on Security, Justice and Pe ce is ensure the preservation of national sovereignty and chaired by the Secretary of the Departme t of the rule of law; as well as focus on the protection National Defense (DND), and has as its me bers and promotion of human rights and the pursuit of a the following: Executive Secretary; Ca ine just, comprehensive, and lasting peace. The cluster Secretary; Secretaries of the Department of I terio is also the principal government body that and Local Government (DILG), Departme t o supervises the government's responses during Foreign Affairs (DFA) and Department of J stice emergencies related to national security. (DOJ); the National Security Adviser; an the The Cluster on Security, Justice and Peace is Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process Th responsible for coordinating and harmonizing efforts NSC Secretariat acts as the Cluster Secretaria to formulate the country's national security policies [52] C. National Intelligence Board It is in the national interest to widen and The Vice-Chair of the NIB is the Director- di rsify the sources of intelligence information from General of the National Intelligence Coordinating th civilian and military sectors and intensify the Agency (NICA) and its members are senior officials co rdination and integration of intelligence activities. of the following: DFA, DND, DILG, DOJ, Department Pu suant to Executive Order No. 246, series of of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), Department 19 7, the National Intelligence Board (NIB) is of Trade and Industry (DTI) , Department of m dated to coordinate and integrate all intelligence Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) , ac vities in the Government. It is therefore the Department of Transportation (DOTr), Department of re onsibility of the NIB to monitor and verify Agriculture (DA), Department of Energy (DOE), pliance of the Intelligence Community's Department of Budget and Management (DBM), act vities with the National Security Strategy. The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), Na ional Security Strategy will be revised Department of Science and Technology (DOST), pe iodically based on the Board's advice and Department of Tourism (DOT), Department of re mmendation. Agrarian Reform (DAR), Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Department of The NIB submits an Annual Report to the Finance (DOF), Office of the Presidential Adviser on Off ce of the National Security Adviser (ONSA) and the Peace Process (OPAPP), Presidential de ates on the guidelines of the policies and Communications and Operations Office (PCOO), str tegic lines of actions of the NSS. The National Department of Information and Communication Se urity Adviser / Director General of the National Technology (DICT), Department of Education Se urity Council Secretariat (NSA/DG-NSCS), as (DepED), Commission on Higher Education Ch ir of the NIB (A.O. No. 124, series of 2005) (CH ED ), Technical Educat ion and Skills tra smits the said Report to the President, the Development Authority (TESDA), and National Co ncil Proper, and the Cabinet Cluster on Security, Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). Ju ice and Peace. In his capacity as Chair of the NI , the NSA/DG-NSCS shall conduct periodically The following agencies serve as technical audit of the overall performance of the advisers to the NIB: NICA, Bangko Sentral ng lligence Community in order to ensure that the Pilipinas (BSP), Armed Forces of the Philippines rams undertaken achieve the identified goals. (AFP), Philippine National Police (PNP), Philippine 124 likewise directs the NSA / DG-NSCS to Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA), National Bureau rev alize the Intelligence Community to render it of Investigation (NBI), Bureau of Immigration (Bl), mo e responsive for the demands of the new Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), Anti-Terrorism rity environment consistent with this Strategy Council (ATC), Philippine Center on Transnational an the President's directives and guidelines. Crimes (PCTC), and Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC). [53] D. National Intelligence Committee The National Intelligence Committee (NIC), The NIC is chaired by the Director Ge eral, serves as the principal advisory body for the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency ( ICA) coordination, integration and fusion of all intelligence and has the following as members: Undersecr tary, activities relating to the preparation of the National DFA; Director, NBI; Commissioner, Burea of Intelligence Estimate (NIE) and in addressing other Customs (BoC); Commissioner, Burea of issues of national intelligence concern. It is a Immigration (Bl); Deputy Chief of Staf for collegial body for the purpose of promoting unity and Intelligence (J2), AFP; Director for Intelligence (DI), cohesion of the national intelligence community as PNP; and Commanding Officer, Presid ntial well as for prescribing pol icy guidelines and Security Group (PSG). In September directives to various national government units, President Duterte amended Administrative agencies and offices engaged in activities involving No. 68 which created the NIC, to include the P EA, national intelligence. the PCG, and the Office for Transportation Se urity (OTS) to the committee. REINVIGORATING THE NATIONAL SECURITY SECTOR The effectiveness of the national security highly equipped, trained, motivated, syste atic, sector depends on its ability to remain pro-active organized and reliable system that can readil and and dynamic in the face of rapidly and ever- speedily respond to crisis situations as they ari e, o changing national security environment. To do so, it anticipate crisis situations and prevent them even must constantly conduct a self-evaluation and seek before they arise. The system should be a le to self-perfection. Revitalizing the sector may readily issue and coordinate clear guidelin s fo necessitate updated education and training, action while following standardized and nter- structural realignments and streamlining to ensure a operable instruments within the purview o th more efficient command and control and a more national security structure. It shall provide los cost-effective utilization of government resources supervision over the operations of designated unit and manpower. on the ground as well as provide a syst m o monitoring and providing feedback and sit atio Given the complex gamut of security-related updates in as real time as possible. disasters and emergencies that may arise, the country's crisis management capability should be Meanwhile, the role of the NSC Prop one of the top priorities in any serious effort to Secretariat should be further honed and ta ped revitalize the national security sector. In particular, Ideally, the NSC is the lead instrumentality the crisis-management sector should evolve into a national government mandated to address the ulti [54] ted national security concerns of the Philippines. far, however, its activities have been largely Jim ted to making decisions on high-impact external internal security issues confronting the country. Ex cutive Order No. 115 (series of 1986) states that th function of the NSC is "to advise the President wit respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, mil tary, political, economic, social, and educational pol cies relating to the national security so as to en ble all concerned ministries, departments, and ag ncies of the government to meet more eff ctively, problems and matters involving the na onal security." Relatedly, the NSC Secretariat's role of iding technical assistance to the Council Proper uld be further optimized by developing its ntial for research and national security policies an strategies formulation , management and co munication tasks. Additional staffing should be pro ided and adequate training programs initiated in ord r to develop a highly competent pool of policy res arch and intelligence analysts and national se urity managers and communicators. Reforming the national security sector and per ecting the crisis-management system would ne essitate efforts to institutionalize the changes. Thi may be done through legislation or executive ord rs. The NSC Secretariat is currently in the pro ess of preparing a draft bill for National Security whi h will be submitted to Congress for approval. In the more immediate term, institutionalizing and ma aging the National Security Strategy process mu t be put into place. [55] Chapter7 CON~lUSION: A CALL FOR UNITY [57] "Let us work together and lay a new foundation in which a better Philippines can be reconstructed. Help me build a better tomorrow." President RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE State of the Nation Address 2017 [58] he Philippines emerged from a unique synchronized manner toward the fulfillment of the set of historical and geopolitical 12-point national security agenda. All government circumstances that have combined to departments and agencies should critically examine create a resilient and vibrant nation. their policies and conduct their own internal ever, it continues to be slowed down from within assessment of their roles in realizing these national by long-standing political-security problems that goals. ha e impeded the country's ability to realize its full de elopmental potential. Resolving the country's Further reforms are needed in the national do estic troubles has gained more significance as security sector to make it more efficient and the nation endeavors to better define its role in proactive, able to respond quickly and effectively to rel tion to the outside world, which is currently in a national emergencies as they arise, and to predict rap d state of flux. If unprepared, the Philippines will and preempt crisis situations even before they arise. The national security community must make an fin it quite difficult to face its external challenges effort to constantly seek self-perfection, hone and an to fully take advantage of new and exciting po sibilities in the emerging global economic order. learn new skills, and overcome some of its most serious internal weaknesses related to turf issues Only by ending all internal conflicts, creating and negative mindsets. a afer society, and making the fruits of de lopment more evenly distributed among its Finally, this NSS requires no less than a pe pie can this nation hope to live up to the whole-of-nation campaign. In our quest for ch llenges it faces today. Through a careful meaningful change and a better future, every ide tification of the national interests and what individual citizen, every sector of civil society, is cur ently threaten such interests, 12 major national enjoined to work hand-in-hand with the Government sec rity goals have been outlined in this NSS. Every in the highest spirit of the Filipino people's culture of "bayanihan." go I reached should bring the nation a step closer to its ision of a more peaceful, more prosperous and As earlier pointed out, the NSS initiative is a r future for the Filipino people. relatively nascent process in the Philippines and will therefore be updated as needed. It will be difficult to To achieve the national vision, the State must always agree among ourselves on issues related to har ess all the assets and resources at its disposal. national development and national security, but this Thi requires the entire government and other sec ors of society to work together, shoulder-to- in itself should be viewed as a necessary sho Ider, in a more well-planned, organized and precondition for national renewal and societal transformation. [59] ANNEX A - THREATS AND CHALLENGES IN THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT (NSP 2017-2022) The national security sector needs to give focused attention to several major internal and external issues an challenges confronting the Philippine society. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Law and Order and the list of most abused illegal drugs, followed by Administration of Justice marijuana and expensive party drugs like cocaine and ecstasy. The proliferation of illegal drugs and The Philippines has grappled for years with the extent of drug trade in the Philippines are also rious peace and order problem. The national reflected in the rising volume of seizures of illegal cri e rate, considered as one of the highest in drugs over the past few years amounting to: So theast and East Asia, has posed a significant Php. 5.44 billion (2013), Php. 6.18 billion (2014), det rrent to investments as well as constrained Php. 5.42 billion (2015), and Php. 12.4 billion th country's overall development potential. (2016) . Wh le the number of reported crimes has been risi g, the ability of the police to solve crime has Internal Armed Conflicts de reased . The twin scourge of corruption and pat onage politics plaguing law enforcement The communist rebellion being waged by ins itutions and government sector as a whole the Communist Party of the Philippines, together ha made it extremely hard, if not impossible, to with its armed wing, the New People's Army bri g the crime rate down. ( NPA) , and its political wing , the National Democratic Front (NDF/P) ; continues to pose Clearly, ensuring public security and serious peace and order problems in the country. enf rcing the rule of law is one of the key The CPP-NPA-NDF rebellion is one of the world's go ernance challenges confronting the Philippine longest running communist insurgencies and has Go ernment. This has amplified the need to claimed an estimated 30,000 lives since the un ertake crucial reforms aimed at cleansing and 1960s. While the NPA is believed to have fewer str ngthening the five pillars of the criminal than 4,000 guerrillas now, down from a peak of jus ice system, namely: law enforcement, the 26,000 in the 1980s, it retains support among the co rts , prosecution, correctional institutions, and extremely poor in the rural Philippines. There are the community. persistent challenges to the three-decade-old The Philippines' growing illegal drugs peace negotiations with the communists, but the pro lem in particular needs a determined and Government will keep forging on until both parties pro ctive solution. Successive researches and agree to end the fighting . per inent crime statistics in the Philippines show a The Mindanao conflict being waged by str ng and direct correlation between crimes, non-state armed groups and extremist ecially serious or violent ones, and drug movements remains a major source of instability se. Any serious campaign to fight crime in resource-rich but impoverished parts of sh uld therefore also involve a resolute crusade southern Philippines (or Mindanao). The on-and- to tamp out drug abuse. This is a tough off peace process with the Moro Islamic ch llenge. In 2015, the Philippine Drug Liberation Front (MILF) - the largest and most Enf rcement Agency (PDEA) reported that a fifth organized of the myriad radical groups operating -o 8,629 out of the country's 42,065 barangays in Mindanao - made a promising breakthrough - ere "drug affected," determined by the when finally, a peace deal was signed in March pr sence of at least one user, pusher, 2014. A draft Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL), ma ufacturer, or other drug personality in the which forms the backbone of the 2014 peace are . Based on PDEA's 2014 arrest data, accord, is pending approval in the Philippine me hamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu tops Congress. [61] In line with the above, the Government, IS) but has faced stiff resistance du to since the i 990s, has taken steps to decentralize continuing police and military operations. In power aimed at addressing the root causes of addition to the ASG, other local terrorist gr ups internal conflicts, namely: poverty and social such as the Ansar al-Khilafah Philippines ( KP), injustice, widespread economic inequity, poor Maute Group, and Oaesh-inspired entities ave governance, abuse and control of political power, the potential to inflict various forms of vi lent and marginalization of cultural communities which attacks not only in Mindanao but also in any part includes land security, natural resources, identity of the Philippines. and human rights. The Local Government Code Meanwhile, the problem of transna ional of i 99"1 sought to empower regions and local crimes has become more pressing. Give its government units in a bid to distribute wealth archipelagic attributes, the Philippines' bo ders more evenly and to extend the reach of essential are porous and vulnerable to the activiti s of government services to the broadest segments of international crime syndicates. These ii egal the population. It is time to take these initial trans-border activities include: drug traffic ing; gains to the next higher level by exploring the full human trafficking of children, women, ii egal benefits of political devolution through a new form migrants and labor; illegal fishing/poaching; rms of government. The proposal could spur long and smuggling; money laundering; and wildlife vigorous discussions among Filipinos, who have trafficking. The Philippines' southern ma time never known any other government than the borders which are shared with its ASEAN present unitary one -- but let the public debates neighbors are also areas of concern due t the start now. prevalence of high sea piracy and other re ated criminal activities. The asymmetric natu of Terrorism and Transnational Crimes terrorism and transnational crime require the International terrorism and national government to continuously revie transnational crimes pose a direct threat to the update current strategies, and to develo an security of individual countries and to integrated approach involving concerned law international peace and prosperity. These twin enforcement agencies of the Government. The problems are a persistent global threat that know Philippines must strengthen and enhance al ady no borders, nationality or religion, and operate existing cooperation with international par ners outside the rule of law. Transnational terrorists while seeking to develop new ones in this re ard. and crime syndicates are usually well-organized internationally and domestically. They are well- Economic and Social Threats resourced, have access to the latest technologies Poverty remains pervasive and i no and skills, and will use unlimited or any form of expected to change significantly in the near violence to achieve their goals and objectives. future. As the population continues to grow, ore The Philippines faces continuing Filipinos are expected to join the ranks o the threats from terrorism, both of foreign and poor so long as the poverty rate remains I gely domestic origin. The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) unaddressed. Data from the Philippine Stat sties remains as the foremost terrorist group actively Authority showed that poverty incidence a ong inflicting severe socio-political and economic Filipinos in 20"15 remains unacceptably hi h at disruptions. The ASG is an lslamist extremist 2i .6%. On the other hand, subsistence inci ence organization known for its bandit-like tactics and among Filipinos, or the proportion of Fili inos notorious for beheadings and kidnap-for-ransom whose incomes fall below the food threshold was activities in Mindanao. Radically inspired by the estimated at 8.1 % during the same period. Al Qaeda (Osama bin Laden) in its formative Income inequality between the rich a th years, the ASG along with its affiliates, such as poor and between urban and rural area has the Jemaah lslamiyah (JI) and Rajah Solaiman remained high and will likely persist int the Movement (RSM), has a long-term intention of future. The poorest 20% of Filipinos own less waging jihadist war against non-Muslims. Its than 5% of the country's total income an the members are known to have linkages with richest i 0% of the population accumulate in members of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom 2.7 times more than that of the poorest 0%. Fighters (BIFF), the Moro Islamic Liberation Front Moreover, average yearly unemployment and (MILF), and the Moro National Liberation Front underemployment rates for the past five (MNLF). The ASG has recently pledged its remained steady at around 6% and allegiance (bay'ah) to the Islamic State (ISIS/ISIL/ respectively. In absolute terms, about 2.8 [62] inos were unemployed. While unemployment urban areas. Demographic migrations , in increased recently, the underemployment addition to social problems and the growth of dropped to 16.3% in January 2017 from crime, can lead to increased instability and % recorded in the same year ago. In absolute insecurity. Infectious diseases are also on the rise te ms , about 6.4 million Filipinos were particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) un eremployed , according to the Labor Force and acquired immune deficiency syndrome Su vey released by Philippine Statistics Authority (AIDS). Many of the HIV/AIDS cases were in anuary 2017. reported among overseas Filipino workers Different levels of economic and social (OFWs) and among workers engaged in business de elopment, along with demographic pressures, process outsourcing. ca se hunger and malnutrition, homelessness, an larger migrations of people from rural to EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT verlapping Territorial Claims and sea lanes air defense identification zone, and all Maritime Domain Issues other matters necessary for compliance with the country's commitments and obligations under The country needs to address the disputes international law is urgent and imperative. co cerning maritime boundaries as they affect a co plex range of national security concerns as Global and Regional Geopolitical Issues we I as threaten regional peace and stability. The Phi ippines must ensure good order within its sea In addition to the WPS issue, there are bo ndaries and develop appropriate maritime other inter- and intra-stat e flashpoints o f do ain awareness and response force capability immediate concern to the Philippines. These to ddress the presence of hostile forces at sea, include the intensifying conflicts in the Middle pir tes, terrorists, traffickers, illegal fishers, and East and North Africa (MENA) region, persisting ot er environmental transgressors. The tension in the Korean Peninsula, unresolved Ph lippines must also protect the nation's territorial disputes in Northeast and Southeast- ma itime interests in the Philippine Rise and Asia, unsettled Sabah issue, China-Taiwan/ Ba anes islands in the North , and the China-Japan/ Japan-South Korea conflicts, and Za BaSulTa and Bongao islands in the Southern other power rivalries where the hegemony of the Phi ippines. United States is contested and threatened. The dispute over the West Philippine Sea United States (W S) remains to be the foremost security ch llenge to the Philippines' sovereignty and The United States remains as the only ter torial integrity. In July 2016, the Philippines superpower in the world today and maintains its wo a key victory when the United Nations Arbitral strategic presence around the globe. In the Asia Tri unal ruled that the Philippines has exclusive Pacific region, the US, during the Barack Obama reign rights over the WPS (in the South administration, sought to improve its military a Sea) and that China's "nine-dash- line" standing through the introduction of more is invalid. Cognizant of the need to protect sophisticated weapons systems , in the nation's sovereignty and territorial integrity, improvement of basing facilities and in the Philippines will tread with prudence on this alliance and multilateral network it has set up co plex and delicate issue and will carefully among its regional partners. A continuing US cali rate its diplomatic moves to avert the costly security presence in the Asia Pacific is a equences of any potential outbreak of armed stabilizing force, particularly with the growing rontations in the disputed sea region. complexity of security challenges that confront the region. The US remains as the sole defense treaty The Government is looking to begin the ally of the Philippines. The Mutual Defense pr cess of diplomatic negotiations with Treaty of 1951 between the Philippines and the nei hboring countries to delimit and define United States has been strengthened under the ma itime borders and jurisdictions. In this Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreemen t co ection, the enactment of laws pertaining to (EDCA) of 2015 granting the U.S. increased nat nal defense, maritime zones, archipelagic military presence in the country for humanitarian [63] and maritime security operations . Under the pacifist constitution is a product of its experi nee Donald Trump presidency, Washington has in World War II as well as the continuing se urity articulated its vision for a "free and open lndo- umbrella the US has been providing it. How ver, Pacific region. Hence, it is expected that the new because of various security challenges in the US administration will remain closely engaged region including territorial disputes in the Di oyu/ with regional affairs. The Philippines will work Senkaku Islands, Japan sought to reorie its closely with the US on a whole range of issues, security posture under its policy of a "proa tive including shared security and economic concerns. contribution to peace," which calls for enha ced defensive capabilities as well as strengt ens China security relations with other states. Japan has With China's rise as the world's entered into a strengthened strategic partne ship second largest economy, surpassing Japan, with the Philippines aimed at boosting poli ical, attention has focused towards its direction due to security and defense ties and cooper tion its huge population, large territory and vast between the two countries. natural resources, rapid industrial and technological breakthroughs, unparalleled Other Regional Players economic growth, and resultant military Other regional powers such as Aus alia, aggressiveness in Asia. The rivalry of major India, Republic of Korea, and Russia are c ucial powers, spawned largely by the rise of China, is in the peace, stability, and prosperity o the the most important long-term strategic concern of broader lndo-Asia-Pacific region . Engage ent the Asia-Pacific region. Indeed, Beijing's rise with these powers through various platf rms, generated policy concerns not only among particularly through ASEAN-led mechanisms uch developed countries such as the US, Japan and as the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and East Korea, but also among the ASEAN due to Asia Summit (EAS), among others, will f rther significant trade and investments, as well as enhance understanding and bu ild confid nee territorial claims in the WPS and the SCS. against the backdrop of an evolving re onal China's more active and aggressive presence in security environment. Such multilateral initi tives the WPS is motivated by growing need for food will complement efforts to enhance A EAN sources, increasing demand for energy resources, centrality. The Philippines will work closely with and renewed stirrings of nationalism. these powers based on mutual respect and ASEAN shared interests through bilateral and multi! teral platforms. While its member-states are not without disagreements, ASEAN has nonetheless Global Uncertainties and Prolifera ion consistently upheld the principles of consultation of Weapons of Mass Destructio and consensus as its norm in resolving inter-state misunderstanding and conflicts. ASEAN is Increased Global Economic building a Political-Security Community, an Uncertainties Economic Community and a Socio -Cultural Community to promote greater regional While the world has so far averted full- integration and to strengthen ASEAN centrality in blown economic crisis, the present trends how the context of the wider Asia-Pacific region. The that the potential for global economic reces ions ASEAN as a regional bloc had pursued greater has increased significantly. The slowdo n in regional cooperation on common problems such major economies of the world such as th US, as combating piracy, smuggling, human China and the European Union will hav an trafficking, terrorism and other transnational impact on virtually every country in the orld crimes. ASEAN centrality is important as it including the Philippines. Economic down urns complements other efforts in managing the impact abroad could temper demand for Phili pine of the geopolitical rivalry among the great powers. exports, slow down foreign investments an hurt the overall business climate in the country. The Philippines has so far rem ined Japan resilient to these challenges, even managi g to Japan remains as an economic power remain as one of the fastest growing econom es in house in Asia and the new security challenges Asia over the past several years. Much of thi was confronting it will induce Tokyo to seek closer due to the country's sound and stable eco omic security relations with other regional states. Their fundamentals as well as the overall fiscal ealth [64] of he national economy. The Government must Proliferation of Weapons of Mass st y vigilant and proactive in the face of a volatile Destruction gl bal economy. Rapid technological advancements and Global Security Issues and the Welfare greater access to scientific knowledge are of OFWs changing the face of the world in unimagined Conflicts abroad and other emerging global ways. Scientific and technological breakthroughs se urity threats pose a direct danger to overseas are creating wealth and progress everywhere, but Fil pino workers (O FWs) , who contribute are also spawning new and increasingly sig ificantly to the national economy, accounting dangerous triggers for global insecurity. Among for most of the country's net factor income from the most serious of these threats is the ab oad (NFIA) through their remittances. The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction G vernment must exert continuing effort to (WMDs), which has come to occupy center stage pr mote and protect the rights and welfare of our in international politics. WMDs are classified into 0 Ws, particularly victims of illegal recruitment, three major types: nuclear weapons, chemical hu an trafficking, ill-treatment and human rights warfare agents, and biological warfare agents. vio ations, and unfair labor practices, among Nine nations are currently in possession of such ot ers. WMDs -- China, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, United Kingdom, and the Global disruptions resulting from armed United States - and a number of states are co flicts, political or social instabilities, economic believed to possess chemical and/or biological or financial crisis, pandemics and other health warfare agents (Source: SIPRI). e rgencies or natural or man-made disasters ca bring significant harm to our fellow Filipinos While the mass killing of people is not a ab oad. The Government must extend all possible new characteristic of warfare, WMDs pose an as istance to distressed OFWs, including their unprecedented risk in terms of their potential for re atriation or evacuation where necessary. The large-scale destruction and the indiscriminate Go ernment must also maintain its engagement nature of their effects. Aside from the dangers wi international organizations and other posed by existing stockpiles of WMD, there are int rnational partners on the issue of forced growing concerns that WMDs and related mi ration as well as other issues affecting their technologies could spread to more states and rig ts. non-state terrorist networks. The Philippines will continue to strongly support the global call tor greater international collaboration to control the proliferation and use of WMDs. OTHER STRATEGIC ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Rising Threat of Cybercrime emerging all the time, with estimated costs to the global economy running to billions of dollars. The latest report by Price Waterhouse Interpol added that in the past, cybercrime was Co pers' (PWC) Global Economic Crime Survey committed mainly by individuals or small groups, rev aled that cybercrime is today's fastest rising but today we are seeing highly complex ec nomic crime. Expounding on the nature of cybercriminal networks bring together individuals cy ercrime, Interpol said that more and more from across the globe in real time to commit cri inals are exploiting the speed, convenience crimes on an unprecedented scale. anonymity of the Internet to commit a wide ran e of criminal activities that know no borders To meet these rapidly evolving security eit er physical or virtual, cause serious harm and challenges in cyberspace, the Philippines must po e very real threats to victims worldwide. Credit first and foremost develop the nation's cyber car fraud, ATM theft, call center scams, and infrastructure and cyber security. Experts noted oth r computer or web-based forms of deception that one of the most serious weaknesses of the sc emes and identity theft have become Philippines is the low number of practicing inc easingly rampant especially in Asia. New and cybersecurity professionals. The State must inc easingly creative trends in cybercrime are enhance and expand its pool of information and [65] communication technology (ICT) experts, access to natural resource and the ltant especially in the law enforcement and security competition and possible territorial sectors, in order to equip the government with the between countries. necessary skills/knowhow to detect, preempt and combat cyber-based crimes. Collaborative efforts Institutional Concerns with the academe, and the business sector, and Other urgent concerns include the private ICT community should be part of this needed reforms in the core security and ju icial national campaign. sectors w ith emphasis on the folio ing: modernizing and professionalizing the a med Climate Change services; strengthening the judicial sys em; Scientific studies show that the Philippines strengthening legislative oversight on se urity is highly vulnerable to the negative effects of agencies; and improving the national securit and climate change. In its most recent assessment, intelligence community. Renewed focus s ould the Inter-Governmental Panel for Climate Change be given to the following key governance is ues: stressed that the rising global temperature has stamping out corruption and professionalizin the already impacted on the climate threshold of the bureaucracy; removing institutional obstacl s to earth. For the Philippines, the findings predicted academic and scientific research and that we will experience extreme maximum and development; facilitating a more-respo sive minimum temperatures, more frequent intense procurement system; providing a more-re listic rains, and more disastrous tropical cyclones (e.g. and mission-supportive government auditing ules Typhoon Haiyan) with an average of 22 typhoons and regulations; and enhancing the Govern nt's per year. The possibility of more El Nino weather ability to quickly deliver basic services. episodes will also increase. According to a 2015 study funded by the US Agency for International Development, every single major city in the Philippines is expected to face some form of water shortage by 2025. Scholars of climate change believe that change in climate variability increases the risk of armed conflict in certain circumstances, even if the strength of the effects is uncertain. Evidence suggests that climatic events over a large range of time and spatial scales contribute to the likelihood of violence through multiple pathways. The effects of climate change on conflict and insecurity have the potential to become key risks because factors such as poverty and economic shocks that are associated with higher risk of violent conflict are themselves sensitive to climate change. Given the enormous impact of climate change especially on the poor and vulnerable population, the United Nations viewed climate change as a threat multiplier or as an indirect pathway that could exacerbate existing sources of conflict and insecurity. There are five channels through which climate change could affect security: (i) threat to the well-being of the most vulnerable communi ties; (ii) impact to economic development --- halting or significantly slowing-down growth thereby worsening poverty and increasing desperation; (iii) second-order effect of unsuccessful adaptation in the form of uncoordinated coping or survival strategies of local population; (iv) threat posed by climate change to the viability and even survival of a number of sovereign states; and (v) availability or [66] ANNEX B - LIST OF STRATEGIC INDUSTRIES THAT ARE VITAL FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1. Agriculture and Aquaculture 2. Aircraft Industry: Industry In ustry: This industry used to describe the supporting aviation through safe and efficient ma y market participants including multi-national operation as well as management of aircraft, co glomerates, cross-industry corporations building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts. sp cializing in agriculture and aquaculture far ing, food processing , storage, transportation, Industry Sectors an financial services. • Maintenance, repair, and overhauling - the Industry Sectors sector includes works and manufacturing of capabilities on aircraft structures, interiors, • Crops - the sector includes advance fuel components and accessories , cultivation of plants for food , animal food pneumatics, hydraulics, constant speed stuffs, or other commercial uses. The sector drives (CSDs), integrated drive generators may include modern commercial or organic (IDGs), high lift systems, auxiliary power methods and the utilization of crops for units (APUs), thrust reversers , industrial products and other uses such as in environmental systems, heat transfers , generating energy in the form of heat and landing gear actuations , and key electricity as well as liquid fuel. components. • Livestock - the sector involves raising the • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles {UAVs) - the animals and the processing, preserving and sector includes development, manufacture packaging of animal products for the of components, and assembly of unmanned consumers. aircraft systems (UAS). UAS includes a UAV, ground based controller, and a system • Forestry - the sector includes upstream of communications between the two. activities such as sound forest stewardship and logging. The sector aims to meet the • Roto r craft - the sector includes desired goals, needs and values for human development, manufacture, and assembly of and environment benefits. Industries under the flying machines that use lift generated this sector include lumber and other solid by wings (rotary wings or rotor blades) that wood products, and pulp and paper. This revolve around a mast. sector is a particularly important to many rural and indigenous communities for their • Transport - the sector includes cargo , livelihood and to ensure their economic passenger, and business jet ai rcraft sustainability. op erations (fixed and rotary wi ngs ) delivering goods, transporting people, and • Fishery - the sector includes any industry or luxury services. activity concerned with taking , culturing , processing, preserving, storing, transporting, • Furnishings - the sector includes design marketing or selling of fish or fish products. development, manufacture , and installation of nonessential equipment and furnishings, • Food processing - the sector involves the such as items installed on aircrafts as part protection (physical , barrier protection, of the original certification, supplemental containment or agglomeration), tampering type of certificate, or engineering order that resistance, and special physical, chemical, or have no effect on the safe operation of biological packaging needs, and labeling. flight, and would not be required by the applicable certification rules or operational • Storage, transporting, and marketing - the rules. sector that engages in mariculture (food and non-food) , as well as the processing , storing, transporting, and marketing thereof. [67} • Rubber tires - the sector includes fue ls for vehicles, developing pest-resi tant manufacture and sale of aircraft tires for grains, and accelerating the evolution of dise se- general aviation, commercial, and military resistant animals. aircraft. Industry Sectors

3. Investment and Banking • Health Care - the sector incl des Industry: Foundation upon which all other development and manufacture of affor able economic functions and industries are built and yet potent pharmaceuticals, vacci es, rely on by providing the underlying mechanisms protein therapeutics, diagnostics, and for banking and financial institutions in the devices. country to stimulate and sustain economic growth. • Agriculture - the sectors incl des genetically modified plants and ani als; Industry Sectors improved yields; nutrition and vaccine and • Banks - the sector includes financial institutions therapeutics. licensed to receive deposits and make loans, • Industry and Environment - the s provide financial services such as wealth includes micro-organisms, engine management, currency exchange, safe deposit enzymes, renewab le carbon sou ces boxes, and foreign currency deposits. biofuels and bioplastics, and remediatio s • Investment institutions - the sector includes • Biodefense - the sector includes preve tion entities which pool money to purchase and protection, detection and diagnosis and securities, real property, and other investment therapy and remediation. assets or originate loans. • Insurance companies - the sector includes

5. Construction Industry: Ind stry companies that provide coverage, in the form of concerned with the preparation as wel as compensation resulting from loss, damages, construction of real estate and housing prop rties injury, treatment or hardship in exchange for and construction and/or repair or making c premium payments. alterations of any building or large projects as bridges, roads, communication facilities orts • Credit card companies - the sector includes and other vital infrastructures. ' financial institutions (i.e. banks) that issue credit cards to consumers and service their Industry Sectors accounts. • Design / Architecture - the sector inc des • Government sponsored enterprises a nd services on architectural design, engineering design, and construction. institutions - the sector includes financial services corporations created by the • Bridges - the sector includes constructi n of government, intended to enhance the flow of roads and rail bridges, pedes rian credit to targeted sectors of the economy, to pavements, with the use of either or both make those segments of the capital market steel and cement, and fixed or mo able more efficient and transparent, and to reduce configurations. the risk to investors and other suppliers of capital. • Tunnels - the sector includes constructi n of cut-and-cover tunnels that are constr cted • Stock and commodity exchanges and credit in a shallow trench and covered over and rating - the sector includes commodity, stocks bored tunnels that are constructed situ and security traders, and credit rating agencies without removing the ground above. or rating services that assign credit ratings. • Soft- round construction / urban lann n

4. Bi otec h no I ogy Ind us try: the sector includes tunnel boring mac ines Employing biological systems or living organisms (TBMs) with segmental linings, and sp ayed to produce new drugs, using stem cells to concrete linings (SCL) aka new Au trian regenerate damaged tissue or regrow an entire Tunneling method (NATM) . organ, producing new chemicals for industry or [68] on ested area construction - the sector Industry sectors i eludes construction in a scarce construction ite space, which pose challenges to minimize • K-12 system - the sector i nc l udes ite logistics cost and minimize project undertakings such as provision of the basic riticality. education based on the K-12 stages: Kindergarten to Grade 3, Grades 4 to 6, • i h- erformance construction materials - the Grade 7-10 (junior high), and Grades 11 to ector includes production of concrete, steel, 12 (senior high), supply of materials, among iber-reinforced cement, fiber-reinforced others. lastics, polymeric materials, geosynthetics, asonry materials and coatings. • Trade-Technical Education - the sector includes provision for trainings, facilities, training centers, accreditation and certification. ed techni such prefabrication and on for high rise building technology. • 2-year college courses - the sector includes provision for the 2-year college education accredited programs. he use of the computer visualization chniques (CVT) in building design, space • 4-year university degree courses - the sector lanning, and interior architecture. includes provision for university degree accredited programs; academic and

6. D i s a s t e r P r e v e n t i o n , commercial research and development undertakings; trainings, seminars, and Mi igation and Risk Reduction and conferences; and publications. nagement I Reconstruction ustry: Incorporates networks of government • Graduate school degrees - the sector ities, civil-society organizations, and includes provision for graduate accredited mercial industry firms that address the programs; academic and commercial acts of natural or man-made disasters research and development undertakings; en bling a transition from post-conflict or post- consultancy; trainings, seminars, and di aster relief operations through durable conferences; and publications. re very, to subsequent long-term development. Th need for this industry is important in the light 8. Electronics Industry: The of the numerous natural disasters such as business of creating, designing, producing, and typ oons and earthquakes that occur in the selling electronic devices. co ntry. Industry Sectors Industry Sectors • Design of Integrated Circuits - the sector • ard Sector service - the sector includes global inc ludes electronic product invention , gineering and construction; security facilities; innovation, and design. d logistics support. • Equipment manufacturing - the sector - the sector includes includes manufacture of either or both value formation and education, health services, chain segment and end user segments. onomics, rule of law, and governance. • Manufacturing Faci lities - the secto r

7. Education Industry: A complex includes industrial complexes and buildings, sy tern of systems that provides students with the inputs stocking and output warehousing and re uisite skills to secure employment in industry hauling. an serve society. • Design tools (electronic designs automation) - the sector includes design, production or assembly of tools, segment of production lines or the ent i re production line implements. [69] • Chip manufacturing - the sector includes • Waste treatment - the sector incl des development and production of analog research of waste treatment techno ogy, chips, embedded processors, display and recycling of waste materials, waste to e rgy light technology and educational technology conversion, and waste product developm nt. products. • Wildlife and habitat conservation - the s ctor • Packaging and Testing (integrating semi- inc l udes conservation, protect on , conductor chips onto boards or in devices) - propagation, eco-tourism develop ent, the sector includes assembly of integrated education and commercialization. circuits into boards, testing, quality control , • Environment rehabilitation - the s ctor packaging and labeling. includes application of environmental sci nee • Semiconductor - the sector includes, and technology, green technology, and doping , manufacture of semiconductors environmental monitoring devices that can (silicon wafers, integrated circuit). promote sustainable managemen of resources.

9. Environment Industry: Industries which produce goods or provide services 1 O. Informat ion nd (including construction services) that contribute to Communications Technology lndu try: the prevention , measurement , abatement , Regarded as the industry of industries f r its remediation and mitigation of adverse widespread, diverse, and embedded in n arly environmental impacts of programs/projects/ every aspect of the people's economic, s cial, activities to the air, land, and water. and political life. Industry Sectors Industry Sectors • Collection. transportation, storage, and • Hardware and software - the sector incl des refinement of environment hazardous development and manufacture of part and materials - the sector includes storage and assembly of communications and comp ting hauling, segregation, chemical processing/ hardware and its sales, soft are refinement/recovery, and disposal of development and its sale. environmental hazardous materials. • Communications - the sector incl des • Clean air and water technologies - the sector development of communications techn logy includes research and development of air and and its implements; clear and se ure, water quality treatment, water sourcing and tactical and strategic, wired and wir less impounding , water recycling and recovery, voice communication systems; provisi n of and 24/7 availability of safe drinking water physical network, Over-the- Air ( TA) nationwide. platforms, Voice-Over Internet Pro ocol (VOiP) technology, data transfer pla form • Pollution management services - the sector and storage, computing and algorith for includes monitoring and evaluation sensory signatures and counter or ev ding undertakings, ways and means of pollution sensors technology. control and mitigation, and pollutants disposal. • Services - the sector includes profe sioal ser v ices not necessarily r elate to • Resource management - the sector includes communications and information techn logy conservation, protection and efficient and business process outsourcing. resource development, identification and inventory. • Satellite systems - the sector incl des development and manufacture of part and • Waste to energy - the sector includes assembly of composite parts for rocket and research and development of waste to energy satellite systems. technology, supply or manufacture of RE implements/tools, production, distribution, and utilization. [70] Telecom networking equipment • Protected vehicles - the sector includes manufacturing - the sector includes development, manufacture, and assembly development and manufacture of telecom including creation and under licensed network equipment parts and assembly. production of protected vehicles. Recordable media manufacturing - the • Combat vehicles - the sector includes sector includes development, manufacture development, manufacture, and assembly of parts, and assembly of recordable media including creation and under l icensed such as Compact Discs (CDs) and Digital production of light and medium combat Versatile Disks (DVDs). wheeled and tracked vehicles. Cable networks communication services - 12. Manufacturing Industry: A the sector includes Data Over Cable Service broad and diverse industry sector made up of Interface Specification (DOCSIS) , Voice many different types and sizes of companies, over Internet Protocol (VOiP) and Internet encompassing everything from relatively low-tech Protocol (IP) phone services, and home operation with just a few employees, to large, security network. highly sophisticated multi-national companies on the cutting edge of science, innovation, and Cable providers - the sector includes cable automation . TV programming and provision for cable service. Industry Sectors Wired telecommunications carriers - the • Automotive manufacturing - the sector sector includes Digital Subscriber Line includes automotive parts manufacturing (DSL), VOiP and IP phone services, and and assembly. home security network. • Advance manufacturing - the sector includes Internet Service Providers - the sector assembly, packaging, and labeling with the includes wired internet service, wireless use of innovative technology. local area network and Over-the-Air (OTA) platforms. • Defense contractor - the sector includes development and design of defense Software and internet publishing - the sector platforms and equipment such as arms and includes IT enabled publishing and design. munitions. Computer services - the sector includes • Metal job shop - the sector includes hardware and software upgrade, installation fabrication, casting, minting, molding , and and maintenance. welding of metal products. IT consulting - the sector includes IT related • Metal powder production - the sector consulting, servicing and installation of both includes solid-state reduction, atomization, necessary software and hardware. electrolysis, and chemical treatments.

11. Land Combat Mobility • Metal production - the sector includes S Industry: industry covers a purification, reduction , and making of steel, sp ctrum of vehicle system capabilities that range titanium, aluminum, and other strategic fro relatively simple, light trucks; multiple, metals. co mercial-military, industry vendors to the most co plex main battle tanks and personal carriers. • Truck manufacturing - the sector includes parts production and assembly of trucks. Industry sectors

13. Energy Industry: Energy sources • Tactical wheeled vehicles - the sector that improves the environment and potentially includes development, manufacture , and slow the effects of climate change. assembly including creation and under licensed production of tactical wheeled vehicles. [71 l Industry Sectors 15. Satellite Systems and S ce Industry: Systems including all aspect of • Wind - the sector includes energy military, civil, and commercial space operat ns, production, technology development and including the manufacturing and services se tors manufacture of its implements, and in the space industry and the associ ted assembly. component markets. • Solar - the sector includes energy Industry sectors production, technology development and manufacture of its implements, and • Space Capabilities - the sector includes s ace assembly. assets, ground systems and infrastruct res, satellite payloads, human-habitable space raft, • Geothermal - the sector includes energy space station components, and explor tory production, technology development and vehicles. manufacture of its implements, and assembly. • Launch - the sector includes launch veh les, heavy lift, medium weight lift, light lift, and • Biomass - the sector includes energy propulsion. production, technology development and manufacture of its implements, and • Services - the sector includes digital ima ing, assembly. telecommunications, satellite television and radio, GPS applications, and space tourism • Hydro - the sector includes energy production, technology development and 16. Services Industry: Indus y in manufacture of its implements , and that part of the economy that creates ser ices assembly. and wealth for the country rather than tan ible objects.

14. Robotics Industry: Production systems from unmanned military systems to Industry sectors intelligent software for use in learning capable industrial machines. • Banking - the sector includes all b nks categories, foreign currency deposit units and Industry sectors offshore banks , undertaking bank re ated activities. • Ground based surveillance systems - the sector includes development, production of • Communications - the sector includes ired parts and assembly, platforms development and wireless telecommunications se vice and design of autonomous ground based providers, operators, management ser ices, surveillance systems. and their subsidiaries undertaking tel com related business. • Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) - the sector includes development and production of the • Business Process Outsourcing - the s ctor entire UAV/drone or parts and its assembly. includes customer relations management, front and back office outsourcing. • Unmanned Ground Vehicles {UGVs) - the sector includes development and production • Wholesale and retail - the sector includes ales of the entire UGV or parts and its assembly. and promotion agencies, wholesale and etail staffing, finance, marketing and advertisin • Unmanned Underwater Vehicles {UUVs) - the sector includes development and • Professional services - the sector inc udes production of the entire UUV or parts and its professionals in engineering, com uter assembly. software development, finance, and medic ne. • Consumer services - the sector includ s all front-line services such as sales professi nals, concierge staff, labor/manpower services and security agency services, among others. [72]

17. Shipbuilding Industry: Includes Industry Sectors co struction of boats for consumers, ships and sp cialized vessels for commercial and • Oil and natural gas - the sector includes go ernment customers, and repair activities. exploration, production , gathe rin g and processing, storage and distribution of oil and Industry sectors natural gas. • x orts - the sector includes development and • Iron and Steel - the sector includes integrated anufacture of ship implements and building steel milling, manufacture of iron and steel hips for exports. derivatives, and other related products. • e air and maintenance - the sector includes • .G.QJ.d. - the sector includes exploration, m1nrng, ry docking, repainting, other ship repairs and processing, trading, minting, manufacture of aintenance activities. jewelry and other products and gold derivatives. • ¥.¥,.._.__...,_,.._,..,_,,,,~ - the sector includes casting and • Silver - the sector includes exploration, mining, abrication, and building of small and medium- processing, trading, minting, manufacture of ized boat. jewelry and other products. urface warshi s - the sector includes • Copper - the sector includes exploration , uilding, maintenance, upgrades, and mining, processing, minting, manufacture of onfiguration of surface warships. other products and its alloys. ontainer vessels - the sector includes • Coal - the sectors includes exploration, uilding, maintenance, upgrades of large development, production, transport and storage. ontainer vessels. • Aluminum - the sector includes exploration, • sector includes building, mining, minting , manufacture of derivatives, and aintenance, upgrades of oil tankers. trading of aluminum and its alloys which are mainly used in the construction of aircrafts and ubmarines - the sector includes building, sea crafts. Its main source is called Bauxite. aintenance, upgrades, and configuration of ubmarines. • Titanium - the sector includes exploration, mining, processing, manufacture of other atrol unboats - the sector includes building, products and its alloys; mainly used in aircraft, aintenance, upgrades, and configuration of spacecraft and missiles. I ttoral patrol gunboats. • ~ - the sector includes exploration, mining, i i t - the sector includes building, processing, manufacture of other products and aintenance, upgrades of fishing vessels. its alloys; commonly used in batteries, including rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries.

18. Strategic Materials and Minerals Industry: Exploration, mining, • QQhall - the sector includes exploration, mining, pr cessing and utilization of strategic materials processing, manufacture of other products and an minerals essential for important defense its alloys; commonly used in magnets, paint, porcelain, glass, and ammunition. sy terns that are unique in the functions they pe form and have no viable alternatives at this • Nuclear - the sector includes transport, storage tim . It will be beneficial for the government to and disposal; now being used for non-power pu sue the establishment of an Integrated Steel applications but is being considered as a Mil (ISM) as well as explore, develop, and utilize potential alternative fuel for power generation. str tegic materials and minerals such as oil and na ural gas, gold, silver, copper, coal, cobalt, • Rare Earth Elements (REEs} - the sector nic el, titanium, rare earth elements, nuclear, iron incl udes exploration, mining, process ing, an other materials and minerals needed for manufacture of other products; commonly used manufacturing, and other strategic for lasers and resolution technologies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), wind turbines , [73] electric car batteries, cell phones, computer • Crew-Served Weapons - the sector incl des hard drives, and electric motors for hybrid cars. development, manufacture, quality assur nee, and sales of infantry crew weapons and art llery

19. Tran spo rta tion Industry: hardware/howitzers. Industry that moves people, equipment and cargoes through air, maritime, road, rail and • Advanced Munitions - the sector incl des pipeline both physical movement and vast research and development, manufac ure, network of supporting services, infrastructures quality assurance and sales of mortar and and equipment. howitzer rounds and propellants, roe ets, torpedoes, and missiles. Industry Sectors • Energetics and Propellants - the s ctor • Airlines - the sector includes passenger and includes research and developm cargo transport, hauling, warehousing and cold manufacture, quality assurance and sales. storage, and airport management. • Sensors - the sector includes research and • Trucking - the sector includes cargo hauling, development, parts manufacture, and asse bly handling, cold storage and warehousing. using Global Positioning System ( PS) technology. • Railroads - the sector includes railways construction, maintenance, and operations 21. Tourism Industry: The cha ging management. global travel and migration regulation is expected to boost the tourism sector. To rism • Waterborne transportation - the sector includes has been the driver of growth in many econo ies route development, terminal construction, non- today and as a source of their foreign exch nge essential boat development and maintenance, reserves essential to maintain external bal operations and crewing management, and provide local employment and stimulate do luxury line operations and cruise events . markets. • Transit and ground passenger transportation - Industry sectors the sector includes bus liner operations, light trains and monorail operations, car rental • Accommodation - the sector includes h tels, services and taxi operations, lan d tour residential and community based operations. accommodation , pensions and tran i ent accommodation facilities. • Pipeline transportation - the sector includes transport of goods or materials through a • Food & Beverage - the sector includes bars pipeline such as crude, refined petroleum, and cafes and coffee shops. natural gas, bio-fuels, and other chemically stable substance. • Adventure Tourism and Recreation - the s ctor includes golf, tennis, outdoor adventure and

20. Weapons Industry: Private firms, recreation; marine facilities and bone fi hing state-owned companies, military organizations, lodges. and government-operated facilities participate in the design, testing, and manufacturing of • Transportation the sector includes the thr (3) weapons for both civil and military use. categories: air (passenger airlines, bus ness jets rental, rotor craft rental), ground (car Industry Sectors rentals, taxi, tour buses), and water ( uise lines and ferries). • Small Arms - the sector includes development and manufacture, quality assurance and sales • Attractions - the sector includes n u ra l of pistol, handguns, and rifles. attractions (preacher caves, blue holes, cu tural - jukanoo), heritage (historical buildings, arts, • Munitions - the sector includes development, old churches), leisure (casino and integ ated manufacture, quality assurance and sales of resorts, or man made-theme parks). small arms. [74] • ravel Trade - the sector includes tour perators and travel agents, and ticket sales for ents and travel (airline booking, hotel , car r ntal services, etc). • vents & Conferences - the sector includes vents organizing, meetings and conventions, nd trade shows and exhibits. • vi - the sector includes tourism arketing services, research and information anagement, and resource development that II could be provided by proprietors, overnment agencies, and NGOs. [75]