National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011 – 2015

CONTENTS ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................... 4 FOREWORD BY THE MINISTER FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ............................. 5 STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY ..................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE POLICY .......................... ...................................... 8 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Definition of gender equality ....................................................................................... 9 1.3 Policy basis .............................................................................................................. 1 o 1.4 Policy approach ........................................................................................................ 16 1.5 f".olicy purpose .......................................................................................................... 18 1.6 Policy development process ..................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 2: POLICY MISSION AND PRINCIPLES ........ .. ...... ............ .... ... ...................... 20 2.1 Policy vision .............................................................................................................. 20 2.2 Policy mission ..................................................................................................•........ 20 2.3 Policy objectives ....................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Guiding principles ..................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 3: PRIORITY ACTION AREAS AND POLICY STRATEGIES .... .............. .. ..... . 22 3.1 Priority action areas .................................................................................................. 22 3.2 Other important issues ............................................................................................. 27 3.3 Policy strategies ....................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION ............... ............................................................... ....... . 32 4.1 Office for the Development of Women ..................................................................... 32 4.2 National Council of Women ...................................................................................... 32 4.3 Gender and development ......................................................................................... 33 4.4 National government departments and agencies ..................................................... 33 4.5 Provincial governments ............................................................................................ 33 4.6 Civil society organisaticns ........................................................................................ 34 4.7 Development partners .............................................................................................. 34 4.8 Private sector ......................................................................................................... .. 34 4.9 Inter-Agency Women's Advisory Committee ............................................................ 34 4.1 0 Civil Society Women's Advisory Committee ............................................................. 35 CHAPTER 5: POLICY REVIEW ......................................................................................... 36 5.1 Policy implementation and communication structure ............................................... 37 ()epart.mentforCommunltyO.volopmflnt: The Nat i ona l Women an d G ender Eq uallty P olicy 2011·2015 APPENDIXES APPENDIX A: Glossary of terms .................................................................................... 38 APPENDIX B: National goals and directive prlnclples ............................................... .40 APPENDIX C: Vision 2050 .............................................................................................. 41 APPENDIX D: Sectoral policies and plans ......................... ........................................... 42 D1 National Population Policy 2000-2010 .................................................... .. ...... ......... ... 42 D2 Integrated Community Development Policy 2007 ........................ , ....... .. ................ 42 D3 The National Health Plan 2011-2020 ..................................... . ...... ........................ .... 42 D4! Gender Equity in Education Policy: Education Capacity Building Program 2003 08 .... .. ........ .............................................. ................................... ................... 43 D5 National Agriculture Development Policy and Strategy 2001-2012 and the National Agriculture Development Plan 2007-2016 ... .................................... 43 D6 Law and Ju slice Sector Gender Strategy 2005·201 O ............. .............................. ...... 44 D7 Women in Mining National Action Plan 2007 ...... ......... .. ....... ....... ....... .. .... .. ....... ...... 45 APPENDIX E: Convention on the Ellmlnatlon of All Discrimination Against Women .... 46 APPENDIX F: Beijing Platform for Actlon ..................................................................... 48 APPENDIX G: Millennium Development Goals ......................... ..................................... 49 Implementation Plan 2011-2016 ...................... .. ............................ ..... .. ......... ...................... 50 Ocpar1n11,ilforCommtinlf)IOt vtlopmtt1t: Th e NttHOllttl Womt11 •nd Gondt r E q111Ury Poll e y 1 0 t t , 20 t 5 ACRONYMS CEDAW cso FBO LLG MDGs MTDP NGOs PNG SEWA WID Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women civil society organisation faith based organisation local level government Millennium Development Goals Medium Term Development Plan non-government organisation Papua New Guinea Self Employed Women's Association women in development Women from Telelomln Distdct in Sondaun Province OOpartmont forCommunltyDovelo~t: The- Nat ional Wo men and Gender Equalit y Polic y 2 011·2015 FOREWORD BY THE MINISTER FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT The revised National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 is a big achievement and a positive policy direction for further advancing gender mainstream and equality programmes and projects in Papua New Guinea. The first National Women's Policy, launched in 1991 , was women specific. Its aim was to establish or strengthen systems and women's national mechanisms in the country. The policy achieved its overall objectives with one major achievement being the establishment in Papua New Guinea of the Office for the Development of Women. This revised policy builds on the activities implemented under the initial one but provides a , ighl,;-l>a,;eu frc1rnework for building partnerships with stakeholders and partners at all levels to develop ~nd implement gender equality and inclusive programmes which will address key issues affecting women and men. Women's critical roles in food production, income generation, natural resouroes management. and community organisation and domestic responsibilities are essential for sustainable development. While women's contribution to the national economy is substantial, but their labour remains undervalued and undercounted in national accounts. The Government of Papua New Guinea is committed to the development and empowerment of all citizens, including women and girts, through its national Constitution - specifically under the National Goals and Directive Principles. Integral to these principles are the components of human development and equality and participation. These guarantee the fundamental right and freedom of every Papua New Guinea citizen, including women, to participate actively in the political, social, education advancement and economic activities of the country. The government's international commitment to strengthen the course of women in this country is reflected in Papua New Guinea's ratification (1995) of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. The convention has been described as an international bill of rights for women, spelling out areas in which women experience discrimination and committing signatory countries to amend their laws. construct national gender policies and create institutions to deal with discrimination. Papua New Guinea has performed exceptionally well in legislative reforms and policy frameworks but the country has been ineffective in the enforcement and Implementation of these. This has restrained the pace of reforms by executing agencies in both government and the private sector (including non-government organisations). There will be further legislative reforms to adequately address women's leadership and political participation and other critical issues affecting women. This policy will provide the direction to address issues hindering progress and create an enabling environment for women and girts to be equal, active participants and beneficiaries in all development processes in Papua New Guinea. /~ .r:de., •••-•••••-•••••••••-•••••••• (,l ,u~••H • ••• •••• DAME CAROL KJDU, DBE. MP Minister for Community Development D~tlorCommunityDevelopment: The National Wo mtlt and Gender E quality Pollet 2011,2015 Page5 STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY f I am honoured to present the second national policy to address and advance women and gender issues in Papua New Guinea. The National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 is the result of intensive consultations at all levels of society including regional and international forums. II recognizes the important need to push forward on priority women and gender issues with sound and practical national direction and guidelines. In Papua New Guinea, women continue to be champions as change agents. They continue to influence and make positive changes in decision making, policy and legislative reform, negotiating and bringing about peace and restoration and being actively involved in formal and informal economic activities at all levels. Policy and legislative reviews • including the gazetting of the proposed Law in National Gazettal No. G821, dated 23 April 2010, on the Alteration to the Constitution on Reserved Seats for Women - reflect the national government's recognition of and commitment to realising the constitutional rights of all citizens. This especially includes the gender equality and equity needed to empower women and girls so they can be involved in all forms of political, social and economic activities and achieve better quality of life. This National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 aims to improve and strengthen the position of all members of the community • women and men and girls and boys - both as agents of change and as beneficiaries of the development process. I am impressed with the efforts made to promote and increase the appointment of women as departmental heads, diplomats and foreign mission offices and senior officers. This indicates the nation's confidence in women's participation in the country's development and decision-making processes. I acknowledge and commend the invaluable contributions to the development and launch of this important policy through comments, suggestions and other input by stakeholders in the private sector and public sector at all levels, as well as by development and donor partners, civil society organisalions and other concerned individuals. I also express my sincere gratitude to Australia, through the Papua New Guinea Office of its international aid agency (AusAID) and the United Nations Papua New Guinea Office, for providing the technical support and needed financial assistance to develop this policy as weU as editing support I am confident Australia's support will continue through policy implementation. This National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 would not have been possible without the commitment and passion of the management and staff of Papua New Guinea's Department for Community Development lhrough the Gender and Development Branch and the Office for the Development of Women, who all worked hard to improve the quality of lives of the majority of Papua New Guineans. Finally. I would like to extend a big thank you and congratulations to everyone who contributed to the development and launch of this substantial and meaningful initiative. JOSEPH KLAPAT Secretary Department for Community Development Oc~forCommunityO.Velopment The Na lio n ~I Women and G •nde r- Equali ty Polley 2011·2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The government continues to fulfil its constitutional commitment to improving the Situation of women in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and one of the key means for doing so Is through its affirmative policy framework. The first National Women's Policy was developed in 1991 and its implementation was supported through the Department for Community Development (Home Affairs). The policy reaffirmed the national directive principles and goals in the national Constitution on equality and participation and integral human development It was based on women in development (WID) approach, highlighting that women need to be integral part of the development process as active agents and beneficiaries. Programmes informed by the WID approach addressed women's practical needs, such as improving women's health and education, creating employment and income-generating opportunities and improving access to credit facilities. ' The policy has been revised and renamed the National Women and Gender Equality Policy 2011-2015 and the new policy will be based on a gender-and development approach. This approach addresses several developmental priorities covering important gender issues, including equal opportunities, equal treatment and equal entitlements so both women and men can each achieve full human development. This policy provides an umbrella framework for advancing these development priorities for women in PNG. It is founded on lhe national Constitution and national overarching strategies such as the Vision 2050 (2009). Strategic Plan 2010-2030, Medium Development Strategy 2005-2010, national policies for economic and social development and relevant national legislation. The key priority areas identified in the policy are common to women worldwide and are also covered in the international, regional and national platforms for action that PNG supports including: Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (2000), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (1995), Beijing Platform for Action 1995, Beijing +5, Pacific Platform for Action. and the Commonwealth Plan of Action on Gender Equality 2005-2015. The policy has been developed through extensive consultation with all relevant stakeholders including government agencies at the national, provincial, district and local level government (LLG) levels, private sector partners, development and donors partners and civil society organisations (CSOs). This consultative process has been used to encourage ownership of the policy by partners and strong partnerships for policy implementation. Gender and development issues are cross-cutting and strengthening partnerships to provide positive support by all relevant stakeholders will be reQuired to implement the policy. The roles of relevant stakeholders are specified in this policy, o.panment forCommumlyO.:v11lopmw1t; The Nation a l Wom~n ttnd Gender- Equa/Uy Policy 2011·2015 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE POLICY Background Gender is about women and men, girts and boys. Women make up more than 50 per cent of the population in PNG. They produce and process more than 80 per cent of the country's food , mostly with limited technical assistance. While they are acknowledged as the backbone of PNG society they are also. with some force, regarded as the lower order. The disadvantaged position of women in PNG was recognized at Independence in 1975 and policy measures implemented since then have begun to address the issue. Ten years later, in 1984. the National Women's Development Programme was introduced to mobilize women and build a strong network of women's organisations from district level up to national level. The programme was. however, under funded which hindered progress. The National l(Vomen's Development Programme was followed with a strong affirmative policy oommitment by the government and the launch in 1991 of the first National Women's Policy, developed to advance the situation of women. The first National Women's Policy focused on advocacy for and nationwide awareness of women's issues in PNG. It also focused on the need to strengthen and establish national women's mechanisms for change. Great strides have been made through this policy implementation, including the establishment of the Office for Development of Women in 2009 under the PNG government's Department for Community Development. Another significant achievement has been the increase in the participation of women in decision making on national boards and advisory committees and in executive and management positions and other levels of authority. Women's political participation has increased at all levels, including the number of women members at local and provincial levels. However, the number of women members at the national level of government needs improvement. While a large number of women candidates oontest during national elections. the number elected remains critically low, at one female Member of Parliament to 108 male Members of Parliament. Current indicators reveal that the literacy status of women in PNG is lower than in other Melanesian oountries. An increased number of women occupy managerial positions but the percentage remains low. The majority or young women do not receive the training needed to participate in the formal sector or function productively in their own villages. PNG still has the highest infant and maternal mortality rates in the wortd. Acoording to the 2006 Health Demography Survey, PNG's maternal mortality rate was high. with 733 per 100 000 women dying while giving birth with approximately four dying daily and 1300 women dying every year. The life expectancy or women was 4 7 years of age and most died of preventable diseases. There has been a decline in the number of women involved in decision-making processes. Although the national Constitution provides for equal rights of all citizens, women do not yet fully understand and exercise these rights. This has been due to ineffective government mechanisms advocating for and promoting the rights of women and gender inequalities, which remain a severe impediment to development in PNG. For women this is in all spheres of life - social, cultural, economic and political. ~rtme.ntforCommunttyDeveJopment: The Nation•/ Wom•n ;,,nd Gender Equality Polley 2011 •'1 015 Page s The first National Women's Policy was developed on a Women In Development (WID) approach and marked an important corrective approach by highlighting that women need to be integrated as active agents into the development process - if efficient, effective development is to be achieved. Programmes informed by this approach addressed women's practical needs such as creating employment and income-generating opportunities and improving access to credit and education. It has achieved its purpose and is overdue for review which is the main purpose for the review and development of the new National Gender Equality Policy 2011-2015. This new policy reaffirms the national directive and goals in the national Constitution on equality, participation and integral human development. It acknowledges that the social, cultural, economic and political issues highlighted in lhe first National Women's Policy in 1991 are prevailing and will be addressed as the priority areas in this Policy. The policy also recognises emerging issues affecting and will affect women due to the increasing mining and development projects such as logging .and fisheries. A range or approaches will be applied to implement the programmes and activities that fall under this policy, with the main emphasis being on a gender and development model. Gender and development approach is adopted in this policy in response to the international trend in applying this approach in progressing women's work. The poficy will focus on addressing inequafities and bridging gaps In relevant programme areas so women and men can work together as equal partners in nation building. This will include shaping the characters and mindsets of members of the younger generation. so they understand and accept that equality between women and men is a fundamental human right and is a common value needed for building a better society in PNG. This policy introduces several development approaches which stakeholders can draw on, as appropriate, for implementation. Definition of gender equality Gender equality is when the roles of women and men are valued equally. The definition has three aspects: equal opportunities, equal treatment and equal entitlements. It is directly linked to human development. Gender equality overcomes stereotypes, prejudices and other barriers so women and men can contribute to and benefit from economic. social, cultural and political developments in society at the same level. Gender equality promotes the equal participation of women and men in decision making; supports women and girls so they can fully exercise their rights; and reduces the gap between women's and men's access to and control of resources and the benefits of the development process. ~ontforCommunityDevelopment: The Nat i on a l Wo men and G~ nder Equality Polic y 20f1•2015 PNG is predominantly a subsistence economy and cultural norms define women's and men's roles and responsibilities, rights, access to and control over resources, as well as their interests. needs and identities in relation to one another. Women's traditional roles and responsibilities primarily concern domestic duties - child rearing and bearing, household chores, family and community caring and food production for consumption. Men's traditional roles and responsibilities primarily concern heavier. riskier jobs usually outside of the home - building houses and fences. fishing, gardening and making decisions on allocating and sharing resources. In contemporary PNG society, women's traditional roles have changed and, today, women are engaged more In cash economy activities in the informal sector and wage employment in the formal sector. The changes being called for through this new policy focus on women and men working together in search of solutions that encourage shared responsibilities, mutual respect and trust to achieve gender equality. Policy basi~ This National Policy Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 is an umbrella policy for women in PNG. It reflects the national Constitution. the nation's overarching strategies and policies for economic and social development and the nation's legislation. It also reflects the goals and principals of the international conventions and instruments to which PNG is a signatory. This section provides a short description of some of PNG's own policies, which informed the development of this new strategy. 1.1 The national Constitution of the independent state of Papua New Guinea The new national policy on women and gender equality draws on the national Constitution. in particular: Goal 1: Integral Human Development This goal declares that ' .. . every person (is) to be dynamically involved in the process of freeing himself or herself from every form of domination or oppression so that each man or woman will have the opportunity to develop as a whole person in relationship with others.' Goal 2: Equality and Participation This goal ' ... provides for the equality of all citizens and directs u·,c11 uppurlu11ilie:. must be created for all citizens to participate actively in the political, social, education advancement and economic activities in the country.' The Preamble or the National Constitution also calls for ' ... every citizen to have equal access to legal processes and all services. governmental and otherwise, that are required for the fulfilment of his or her real needs and aspirations'. DepMtmentforCommu.nityDevelopment: T h e Nat i onal W omen •nd G •nder Eq u a li ty Polley 201 , .. 201 S Page 10 1.2 National strategies 1.2.1 Vision 2050 PNG"s Vision 2050 strategy was launched in 2009 providing a 40-year framework for improving the quality of life of the people through better quality service delivery. Vision 2050 embraces the directive and frve goals enshrined in the Constitution. Vision 2050 reflects the government's aspirations to improve PNG"s human development index through economic growth, better service delivery, improved education. improved health services and sound political leadership and structures. The strategy emphasises creating opportunities in the development process by empowering the people through improved education and life which are included in its seven pillars. All pillars have relevant crosscutting gender issues captured in the priority areas of the National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015, with specific alignment to Pillar 1 on Human Capital Development. Gender, Youth and People Empowerment. 1.2.2 Papua New Guinea Development Strategic Plan 2010-2030 The government has integrated poverty reduction as a development priority in i1S new Development Strategic Plan 201 ~2030. The plan maps out the counuy's direction, sets out 20 years of direction and provides the sectoral focus needed for implementation. The plan also establishes a new direction and parameters for development planning and is a translation of the vision on the basis o f the Five Directive Principles of the National Constitution. the Eight Point Improvement Plan and Vision 2050. Implementation is to take place through the annual planning, programming and budgetary processes of government. To ensure that the plan produces tangible service deliverables for the people, the government expects government departments. agencies, faith based organisations (FBOs), CSOs. private sectors. international donors. development partners and the wider community to align their sector policies, plans and strategies with development strategic plan. 1.2.3 Medium Term Development Plan 2010-2015 PNG's Medium Term Development Plan (MTDP). which covers a five-year period to 2015, is the country's overarching plan for economic and social development. ll is based on sector activities and includes the need to monitor outcomes. The MTDP reiterates the government's commitment to the MOGs and recognizes that health and education outcomes are crucial to meeting PNG's human development objectives. Depa,tmentforCommunityOovolo~r: The Na tionctl Womvn and G ender Equality Poli~ y Z0 11 • 2015 Page 11 The MTDP fosters sustainable improvements in the quality of life of all Papua New Guineans and although gender is identified as an important issue in the plan, it has not been designated as a priority for government expenditure. The National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 will provide the framework for increased government support in the resources required for effective implementation. 1.3 Other relevant government policies and legislations Gender equality and development are crosscutting issues and therefore this policy takes a sector-wide approach, aligning with other government policies and initiatives to address them in partnership with relevant agencies and organisations. The policy also recognizes the efforts of many public and private sector organisations to develop employment guidelines and policies on equal employment opportunities and equal pay. Such efforts were highlighted at the stakeholder consultation workshops held for the development of this policy and included the National Population Policy 2000-2010, Integrated Community O~velopment Policy 2007, the National Health Plan 2011-2020, Gender Equity in Education Policy: Education Capacity Building Program 2003-2008, National Agriculture Development Policy and Strategy 2001-2012, National Agriculture Development Plan 2007-2016, Women In Mining National Action Plan 2007-2012 and law and Justice Sector Gender Strategy 2005-2010. 1.4 International commitments The National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 accommodates the PNG government's legal international commitments on the ratification of treaties and conventions on women-including the Human Rights Charter made at all United Nations international conferences and agreements to gender equality in implementing both the Beijing Platform for Action 1995, the Pacific Platform for Action, as well as the Commonwealth Plan of Action on Gender Equality 2005-2015. The international instruments on gender and development are outlined below since they were the main sources of information used to develop the regional and national priority programme areas that continue to be addressed in PNG as well as this policy. 1.4.1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights Since the adoption of the United Nations Human Rights Charter in 1945, the equality of women and men has been accepted as a fundamental principle of human rights. Many international agreements, such as the CEOAW (1979), the World Conference on Human Rights (1993) and the MDGs (2000) have highlighted the need for countries to take action against discriminatory practices. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights lays the foundation upon which all other international human rights conventions and agreements are based and this policy takes into account the Articles under the Declaration that concern gender and development DepartmonrforCommunityDollf!lopment: The Natjonal Women and Gender Equality Poticy 2011•2015 Page 12 The spirit of the Declaration is captured in PNG's Constitution which guarantees the basic rights and freedom of the individual regardless of race, sex, political opinion, tribe or place of origin. 1.4.2 Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women The PNG government ratified the CEDAW in 1995. Discrimination against women means any distinction, exclusion or restriction mode on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing of nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, regardless of their marital status, on a basis of equality of women and men of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the polnical, economic, social, cultural and civil or any other field. The CEDAW has been described as an international bill of rights for women. It spells out in 16 Articles the areas in which women experience discrimination and commits signatory countries to amend their laws, construct national gender policies and create institutions to deliver them. The PNG government presented its initial, fir:st. second and third periodic reports consolidated in one document to the Unned Nations Committee on CEDAW in July 2010.This National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011- 2015 provides clear direction for the PNG government to further address the critical issues in the CEDAW Articles based on the UN CEDAW Committee Concluding Comments and translate them into actions. PNG CEDAW Implementation Strategy based on the UN CEDAW Committee Concluding Comments will be developed, however, the issues are also accommodated in this policy. (See the implementation plan included later in this strategy). 1.4.3 Beijing Platform for Action The PNG government agreed to implement the Beijing Platform for Action al the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995. The Platform for Action, adopted by consensus, reflects the international community's commitment to the advancement of women. It sets out measures for national and international action over the five years from 1995 to 2000. When implemented, the Platform for Action will enhance the social, economic and political empowennent of women, improve their overall health, improve their access to relevant education and promote their reproductive rights. It set lime-specific targets by committing governments to carry out reform actions in the health, education and legal sectors as well as in decision making. These issues continue to affect the status of women in PNG and have been designated as key priority areas in this policy. D.,u,rtm.:ntforCommun.ityDevelopment: The Nat i onal Women and Gend e r Equalit y Pollf:y 2011·2015 Page 13 1.4.4 Pacific Platform for Action While Melanesian, Micronesia and Polynesia are unique, they share a bond known as 'the Pacific experience'. In this lies the strength to make the Pacific Platform for Action a reality. The critical issues contained in the platform are the same as those in the global and PNG national platforms for action and include issues such as health, education. economic empowerment and agriculture. 1.4.5 The PNG National Platform for Action: a Decade of Action for Women Towards National Unity and Sustainability 1995-2000 The PNG Platform for Action: a Decade of Action for Women Towards National Unity and Sustainability 1995-2000 is a national statement based on a range of reports, plans and consultations. II reaffirmed the national Constitution, particularly with respect to strengthening its goals of equality and participation and its emphasis on sustainable human development and peace. II was developed with input from NGOs and reflected the spirit of partnership between these organisations and the PNG government and their joint desire to coordinate a nationally recognized framework of action in time for the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing and throughout the next decade. Critical areas of concern are common to the issues included in the platforms mentioned earlier such as health, education and women's economic empowerment. This platform is guided by lhe commitments made at all United Nations international conferences on women - in particular the Beijing Platform for Action in 1995-and the Commonwealth Plan of Action on Gender Equality 2005-2015. By agreeing to the commitments set forth in the Beijing Platform for Action at the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women (1995), the PNG government promised to enhance the national machinery for women's advancement; to increase women's participation in decision maklng and to safeguard women's rights to health, education and social wellbeing, as well as to remove legal obstacles and gender discriminatory practices. After more than a decade, the key areas of concern in the Platform for Action have been recaptured in this policy. This is because there have been no major improvements on the status of women in these areas. 1.4.6 The Commonwealth Plan of Action for Gender Equality 2005-2015 The Commonwealth Plan of Action for Gender Equality 2005-2015 reflects the government's principles and values and incorporates its responses to the impact of global changes and challenges on women and men and girls and boys. It supports and works towards the attainment of the MDGs and the objectives of gender equality expressed in the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the 2000 Beijing +5 Political Declaration and Outcome Document. Depanmemfor CommvnityDe.,.pment: The N a tional Women •nd Gender E qu a lity Polley 2011•2015 Page 14 The PNG government recognizes that poverty eradication, the protection and promotion of human rights. the strengthening of democracy and gender equality are intrinsically inter-related. In fact, the government's stance is that the MDGs cannot be fully achieved while women and men and girls and boys do not enjoy equal rights, treatment and access to resources in a climate of freedom and discrimination. The Plan of Action for Gender Equality thus takes a rights-based approach and is grounded in the framework of international and regional human rights conventions and other instruments. Under the plan, the PNG government focuses its actions on four critical areas: 1. gender, democracy, peace and conflict 2. gender, human rights and law 3. gender, poverty eradication and economic empowerment 4. gender and HIV/AIDS . . 1.4. 7 The Millennium Development Goals The PNG government is a signatory to the MDGs, which are underpinned by economic, social and cultural rights, and has undertaken to uphold them. Importantly. the MDG's goals, targets and indicators embody an outcome-based and holistic approach to development. They require that state action be oriented towards achieving the goals in a people-0riented manner. This is particularly so with Goal 3 - Promote gender equality and empower women. The other seven crosscutting goals are gender inclusive. They will be integrated into strategies for the key priority areas of this policy. The MDGs have been incorporated into the PNG government's current Medium Term Development Plan 2005-2010 which recognizes that 'Protection of the vulnerable and disadvantaged, and the promotion of gender equity, is both a moral and constitutional obligation for government.• In many provinces, women are disadvantaged with access to basic services. The gender gap in education and literacy, for instance, is significant. although recent evidence suggests that young females (aged 15 to 24) are catching up with their male counterparts. Gender differences in adult literacy are even greater, with a strong bias in favour of males. The National 2004 MDG Report shows that for the most part provinces with the highest gender equality are developing the fastest (National Capital District and the Coastal Region except for the Gulf and Islands Region provinces). The exception is the Momase Region. where relatively high gender equity is being dragged down by low performance in poverty, hunger and mortality indices. The Highlands provinces score relatively low on gender equity and overall development, with HIV/ AIDS data suggesting these provinces are some of the worst affected in the country. DepanmenrforComrnunltyDe-veJopmettt; Th• N ationa l W om en a nd Ge n der E qu a lity Policy 2011~2015 Page 15 The MDG Report 2009 highlighted limited improvement in the areas of women and children and calls for the need to localise MDG indicators at sub-national levels in PNG. The National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 will reinforce tne government's commitment to the MDGs, acknowledging their influence in eradicating poverty. empowering women and improving women's and girts' access to health and education. It also reinforces the government's commitment to the Preamble of its national Constitution, as well as the principles enshrined in the CE DAW, the Beijing Platform for Action and the Beijing +5 Political Declaration and Outcome Document {2000). 1.4.8 lntemational Labour Organization conventions The PNG government has also ratified 24 International Labour Organization conventions. The most relevant to women - and to this policy - are the Convention on Underground Work (Women) {{'lo. 45), the Convention on Employment Policy {No. 122). the Convention on Maternity Protection {revised) {No. 103), Discrimination in Employment and Occupation {No. 111), Equal Remuneration (No. 100) and Minimum Age {No. 138). Despite signing these conventions, however, women in PNG still face employment problems outside of the legal framework which have a considerable influence on their opportunities and impact on the way they are treated in the labour market. 1.4.9 Convention on the Rights of the Child The Convention on the Rights of the Child is also relevant to this policy. It promotes and advocates the 'best interest of the child' in nationality, development, survival, protection and participation of children and has a strong connection to the CEDAW - the two are intertwined. Policy approach PNG ls a multicultural society with diversity across provinces and communities. The Community Livelihood and Community Sustainability Research {2006) conducted by PNG's Department for Community Development in remote and hinterland communities across the country indicated that no one strategy works effectively in service delivery across all provinces. This policy therefore promotes specific strategic approaches to meet the needs of specific provinces. It provides a number of development models which stakeholders can apply in programme implementation based on the needs of women alone or on the needs of both women and men. These include the following: 1. Women in development The WID model deconstructs the economic growth paradigm and focuses on women-specific statistics and indicators, policies and schemes, plan allocation and programmes on health, education and employment. While this helps raise the knowledge and skills of women to overcome social, economic and political disadvantages it may also increase the workload of women and fail to recognize the role of men as an essential element of change. DepanmenrforCommunityt>twe1opn,en1: The N atlona l Wom en •nd Ge nd er Equality Polic y 2011·2015 2. Women and development The Women and Development model integrates women into development work as active change agents. It advocates affirmative action by the government and a proactive approach by civil society through NGOs and women's groups, which will help empower women to deal with the forces of a patriarchal class society such as PNG. 3. Gender and development The Gender and Development model is based on an understanding of gender relations and focuses on empowering the weak (female or male}. It is based on the premise that gender is socially constructed and that gender relations are power relations (power is an important analytical category). This model focuses on household, custom. religion and culture and related inequalities, which result in unequal d istribution of power, control over resources and decision making. It integrates gender planning into all aspects of development work and aims to understand the impact of proposed changes on women and men {although it may not always address the specific needs of women and men). The Gender and Development model can also be applied in homes and schools to promote among children at early ages - the importance of shared ro les and responsibilities. 4. Research, data and action The Research, Data and Action Model informs the development of theory and policies so they are credible. The women's movement and national and international organisations involved in development programmes recognize the importance of research and data. For many years women advocates have challenged stereotypes depicting women as passive, dependent and inferior to men. But their efforts to challenge have been undermined by the lack of reliable statistics and analysis, including those without a male bias. Putting this kind of numerical and analytical spotlight on the needs. efforts and contributions of women in PNG is one of the best ways to speed the process of moving from agenda to policy to practice and then ultimately to a society of peace, equality and sustained development Department for Community Development: The Nat i on s I W omen and Gender Eq u a II ty Po I le y 2 0 11~201 $ Page 17 This model means collecting relevant data on gender issues, feeding back results to those who must take action, collaboratively discussing data and results, formulating a plan of action and finally taking the necessary action. It involves a cyclical process and forms a continuous part of major gender programme activities. 5. Self Employed Women's Association The Self Employed Women's Association {SEWA) has forged a new model of what a trade union can be. It is relevant to unprotected low-income earners. Its members are the range of self-employed women typically working in the informal sector and effectively marginalized by mainstream development strategies. SEWA integrates a complex myriad of ways of life, occupations and issues. Whether small or large. the changes this model has resulted in continue to influence increasingly broader sp'heres. SEWA aims to improve women's working situations through day-to-day, grassroots changes. The tactics used vary by individual trade, but usually begin with confronting the exploiter direct and presenting demands for c.hange. For women participating in piece-rate work, this means asking the employer for higher wages. For vendors, it means confronting the police officers who beat women ond extract bribes from them nn charges of 'encroachment'. For women providing services, it means ensuring they are paid fair wages and get steady work. 6. Empowering rural women through community development This Community Development Model uses community development strategies to empower rural women through educational and small-scale household economic activities. It will have strong connection to the community learning and development approach taken in the implementation or the Integrated Community Development Policy. Policy purpose The main purpose of the National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 is to establish a clear vision and framework to: 1. guide the process of developing laws, policies, procedures and practices which will serve to ensure equal rights and opportunities for women and men in all spheres and structures of government as well as in the workplace, the community and the family 2. provide a clear policy framework and direction to guide gender mainstreaming in national strategies and programmes for women's empowerment and equal participation 3. ensure a reference point for government departments and agencies to consult in developing gender inclusive and sensitive laws, policies, procedures and practices. Dep:lffmMtforc.ommunityC,.,.,elopment: Th e Na tio nal Women a nd Gender Equa li ty Po lle y 2011 ·10 15 ~e18 Policy development process The National Women and Gender Equality Polley is the culmination of an extensive consultative process using evidence-based participatory research conducted at local , provincial , regional and national levels. The process began in November 2008 with a Departmeni for Community Development and United Nations Development Programme -AusAID sponsored workshop in Port Moresby which identified key issues of concern and developed a strategy and mechanism tor undertaking consultations with women ano men at local level. It built on lhe cc1µc1cily of U1e participants of the Basic Education Development Project and Provincial Community Affairs Officers. The first workshop was followed by several consultations held with provincial representatives who presented provincial reports consolidated into regional issues and objectives, with actions to be undertaken to address priority areas. This level consultative process also included members of civil society, ~uch as mainline churches, FBOs, CSOs and NGOs. Policy consultations were also held at the national level to gauge inputs from the national stakeholders including the National Government Departments and Agencies, NGOs. Churches. Donor and Development partners throughout 2009 and 2010. These consultations immensely contributed to refining and improvement in the content of the Policy which went through five drafts. The firth and final draft was submitted to the Executive Management Committee of the Department for approval which it did approve in its last 2010 meeting on the 17th December, 2010. The Committee also approved for Policy Submission to NEC for final approval of the Policy. Department-f<>rComm.unltyDevelopment: The National Wome n and Gende r Equality Pol i cy 2011·201.5 ~ 19 CHAPTER 2: POLICY MISSION AND PRINCIPLES This policy provides the overarching framework and principles which government departments and agencies and private sector organisations and CSOs can draw on to produce their own more detailed policy documents. programmes and codes of practice in an inclusive manner and by engaging relevant stakeholders. It also provides an opportunity to translate international commitments made on gender equality, ensuring supportive national legislation and relevant policy objectives into more effective implementation. Policy vision The vision of the National Policy for Women and Gender Equality is 'to achieve a Papua New Guinean society in which all citizens - particularly women and girls - live together in dignity, safety, mutual respect and harmony' . . Policy mission The policy's mission is ' to promote improved equality, participation and empowerment of women in Papua New Guinea'. Policy objectives 2. 1 Overall objective The policy's overall objective is to facilitate the development and implementation of a gender equality and women's advancement programmes which will be founded on the principles of equality of all persons, particularly women and men, as enshrined in the constitution. 2.2 Specific objectives The policy's two specific objectives are: 1. To create an enabling policy environment for translating government commitment to gender equality into a reality and to establish the policies, programmes, structures and mechanisms required to do so. 2. To empower women and to transform gender relations in all aspects of work and in all levels of government, including the wider society. Guiding principles The guiding principles in this policy are: 1. Empowerment Empowering women to have equal access to the same resources as men have, and the opportunities to build the knowledge and skills needed to address and participate actively in activities that affect their lives and the communities. Oepartme.nrlor CommunltyDevel~tt The N atlona t W omen and G •n de r E Qua ll ty Pollc:"y 2011·2015 Page20 2. Ownership Ensuring women are able to take an active role in, and ownership of, mobilising resources to contribute effectively in economic activities that will enable them to maintain and sustain their livelihoods and those of their families and communities. 3. EquaUty and participation Promoting sustainable development which depends on the active participation of all citizens at all levels of society. This includes promoting women's and girls' equal participation as citizens in the development process. 4. Morality and ethics High moral and ethical standards are the prerequisites to any development process.. The standards must start with extended family members especially their attitudes towards women members of families. This will ensure the standards have the widest possible impact at community level, especially important in light of increased violence against women in PNG. Moral and ethical standards must also be included in the school curriculum to shape the characters of children at tender ages to instil discipline and responsibilities in them. 5. Partnership Partnerships and networking are crucial to all organisations and groups that have mandates to work for social development Such partnerships enhance and promote the cooperation necessary to make a difference. This policy will play a key role in promoting improved partnerships with the relevant stakeholders to advance. 6. Cultural foundations Key values in Melanesian culture are family, community and relationships. These values need to be harnessed to create a safe and conducive environment for women and girts. P.,,.lf!"<rrtorCqmm•(llt.rP.V!l<!prr,.!!I: Tht 1!11 / 9n11 W<>m•n ~nit <itnfttr fq•~lltr P<>ll•r 19 11·19 1~ Pogo 21 CHAPTER 3: PRIORITY ACTION AREAS AND POLICY STRATEGIES Priority areas have been drawn from the Beijing Platform for Action, National Platform for Action and the extensive stakeholder consultations held at all levels for the development of this policy. The key challenge is to transform gender relations into a process of broader institutional change. Priority action areas 3. 1 Gender-based violence Gender-based violence remains widespread in PNG and is linked with many other factors, such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, land and property rights, race and ethnicity, age, and sexual orientation. An integrated response is essential to address these factors. Special attention needs to be paid to promoting and protecting women who continue to be marginalized and disadvantaged in communities throyghout Ille countsy. Women are also victims of PNG's escalating law and order problem which includes tribal fighting and armed conflict. To deal with gender-based violence, a strong partnership is required between the Office for Development of Women, the police and other relevant agencies to eslablish an integrated database on violence against women and children and a database on counseling support options. A recent law and justice white paper revealed that gender-based violence is a striking feature of contemporary disorder in PNG. Most perpetrators are young men, while a disproportionate number of victims are women and girls. Beneath the symptoms of disorder lie deeper issues regarding masculinity, identity and socialization among young people. In 1986, the Law Reform Commission passed laws making wife beating a criminal offence and punishable by law, with perpetrators able to be charged with offences such as common assault and grievous bodily harm. This policy emphasizes the need to undertake innovative and wide-ranging community education to raise awareness about the root causes of violence against women and how violence is both a crime and a violation of women's human rights. It also emphasizes the need to work with law enforcing and policy implementation agencies to eliminate violence and other forms of abuse against women and children - including incest, rape and prostitution - as a national priority. 3.2 Health Women's health generally is very poor in PNG. The policy will promote improved women's health, the provision of accessible and affordable health services and a reduction in the unacceptably high rates of infant and maternal mortality. This includes strengthening community preventative programmes, activities in nutrition, health and hygiene, strengthening village birth attendance and beautifying family and community environments. DepartmentforCommunityDeve.lopment: The N ational Wo m en and G•nder Equalit y Polley 2011 ·2015 Page22 3.3 HIV/AIDS Poverty and gender inequality are driving factors in the spread and impact of HIV/AIDS in PNG. Women and girls are more vulnerable to contracting HIV not only for biological reasons but because power imbalances make it difficult for them lo negotiate safe sex or refuse unwanted sex. Their unequal political and legal status perpetuates poverty, discrimination and limits opportunities in economic, social and cultural spheres of activity. Women's empowennent is therefore a strategy of this policy. It is essential for reducing women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, and alleviating the impact of the disease. HIV carriers are largely men who do not know they are infected - men who look for younger girts who they hope are still 'clean'. The enactment of PNG's HIV/AIDS Management and Prevention Act 2003 gave effect lo the basic rights acknowledged in the preamble of the Constitution. This Act and the National Gender Policy and Plan on HIV/AIDS 2006 - 2010 cater for the prevention of the spread of HIV/AIDS and the management of discriminatory practices of people living with or believed to have HIV/AIDS. This policy addresses the specific needs of HIV/AIDS infected and affected women (including caregivers) and those al risk of infection through gender-based violence and poverty. The main emphasis is to mainstream gender equality into sectoral. national, provincial. district and local levels of government as well as into community policies and programmes on HIV/AIDS. 3.4 Education and training Education and training is vital to acquiring knowledge, making informed decisions. communicating ideas and broadening perspectives - for women and men. Knowledge helps people enhance their own lives and the lives of their families and communities and it enables them to contribute to the overall development process. However, in PNG. limited opportunities for education continue to be a major constraint to improving human development. Equal opportunities for young women and girts to participate in the education system have to be realised, in a safe environment that is free from violence and that supports The culture of 'bride price' abvStt.$ women's human rlgttrs. girls whose education is interrupted due to pregnancy. There is a need to ensure women and girts attain equal educational levels with males and are provided with skills and vocational training to participate in income - generation activities. This policy therefore involves training teachers to be gender sensitive and addressing gender stereotypes in school curricula and texts. DepartmentforCommunityDevelopment: Th• Nat Iona I Women and Gender Equality Policy 2011-2015 3.5 Cultural norms and traditions PNG is a society with strong traditional, cultural norms, social values and obligations. The majority of Papua New Guineans are caught at a crossroad between upholding traditional values and obligations while adapting to contemporary forms of development change. At the heart of traditional life. for example, modernization has created the need for cash which most people - especially women and girts - have difficulty attaining. Women naturally are observant. understand their place in their communities, appreciate their Melanesian identity and values. and advocate for the elimination of practices that discriminate against their wellbeing and advancement. However, women's and girls' human rights continue to be widely violated and they face different types of disadvantage and different forms of discrimination at different stages of their lives - due to the customary laws, practices and traditions that affect them daily. This policy promotes active discussion and engagement among members of the justice system and relevant government institutions and CSOs - including cultural and traditional leaders - to address harmful practices, with special consideration given to the human rights. Furthermore, the policy promotes strengthening good values, including respect for shared roles and responsibilities in homes and communities between women and men and girls and boys and young children. Policy implcmcntolion will be oligncd with the work of community learning and development centres to ensure access to lifelong learning and promotion of women's rights regarding access to and ownership of land and property. 3.6 Women's economic empowerment Income provides an important means or improving capabilities and opportunities. As many communities become further integrated into the monetary economy, opportunities for income generation are increasingly important. Income enables people to purchase food and other goods and contributes to quality of life. In PNG, the overall economic situation of families and communities is poor and remains the main factor contributing to the country's high rates of school leavers, urban migration and poor living conditions. Women's contribution to the national economy at all levels is high but their labour remains undervalued and unaccounted for in the national development process. To effectively address women's labour and poverty issues this policy broadens its approach to cover gender and economic empowerment. Policy implementation will include facilitating the creation of an enabling environment for women by establishing - In collaboration with key private and public employers - appropriate legal and regulatory standards to ensure women workers' rights, social protection, identification and development of appropriate skills and promoting women's organisations and networking. Improved access to productive resources. markets. skills and extension services is also needed, especially for women in agriculture and fisheries. ~rtmentforCommuniryDevelopment: The N s tlonal Women and Gend • r Equ•llty P olicy 201 1- 201$ "-2• 3.6.1 Fisheries Women are also good fisherwomen and play a key role in securing and processing fish and other edible marine resources through both paid and unpaid activities. In many communities, men catch the fish while women play an important role In processing fish. selling them at local markets and putting the end product on the family meal table. Indeed, fish fonns the bulk of family incomes for many maritime families and communities. This policy supports efforts by the National Fisheries Authority to provide short courses for women to teach them methods of fish preservation and processing. 3. 7 Employment opportunities and conditions The labour sector (both public and private) has being growing since Independence to address the demand .and supply needs of beneficiaries and users. Despite public service reforms to improve delivery mechanisms and systems and downsize the public service to achieve huge public savings and improve competency levels, the labour force is still big and growing. The government's ' look North' and economic-<lriven policies have given effect to increased economic and commercial activities-including giant multi-million mining, petroleum, energy and other development projects. Equal opportunities for women in the public and private sectors have gradually increased and women have moved into mal&-<lominated jobs and jobs regarded as traditionally men's, such as mechanics, plumping, carpentry, pilots, church pastoral work and politics. Since the first National Women's Policy in 1995, there have also been an increased number of women appointed to managerial and decision-making positions In the public and private sectors. In the stakeholder consultations held for this policy, government agencies indicated they are developing or have developed and are implementing workplace gender equity and equal employment as well as equal pay policies and guidelines. This policy's main emphasis is different ii addresses the many issues women face daily in their jobs, including emotional, mental and µl1ysh;al atJust,j, t1u111iliatiu1, a,KJ discrimi11ation, verbal and l:>eXUal harassment, overwork and dlild care responsibilities. 3.8 Decision making To support a strong voice for women in decision making, the Office for Women's Development must become effective national machinery for gender equality and be placed strategically in a key government decision-making area. It must build its capacity to provide effective gender equality mainstreaming resources and an integrated coordination framework with dear lines of communication and accountability. This will enable the Office to take on a primary role in providin!l oversight of this policy's implementation. Gendel" <nscussioM on way.s to ..,.,rov& women's decisiot1 making attd ooooomic empowemJ$d.. l>epartmemforCommuniryDeveJopment: The National Women and Gender Equali t y Polley 2011.201s Pago 25 The Office's other key roles are to promote a multi-sectoral approach in gender equality integration and policy implementation and to develop practical tools and training programs targeting all institutional and strategic stakeholders. 3. 8. 1 Political participation While women's access to political power and decision making in PNG has been extremely low with only 0.9 representation of women in the national Parliament throughout most of this decade the recommendation to establish 22 reserved seats for women for the 2012 elections will redress this situation. This quota should be reflected throughout the public service, with all appointments at international. national, provincial and local levels of government. The challenge for political institutions Is to change their culture so they are more responsive to the needs of women politicians and women public servants. 3.9 Agriculture Studies carried out by the Department for Community Development (Social Development 2002) revealed that women participate in informal economic activities by mainly selling agricultural and other products. This enables them to earn income to meet basic daily family necessities. including the paying of school fees. Women traditionally produced 80 per cent of food for domestic consumption. This policy promotes enhanced partnership between all relevant stakeholders to support the agriculture sector to improve and develop market facilities. effective transport systems and ways to protect food security among others. Major initiatives to be introduced in this priority area will include researching and collecting data on the current participation of PNG women in the agriculture sector. strengthening and expanding existing women's credit facilities and establishing women's networks and other women in agriculture mechanisms. OepartmentforcommunityDevelopment: The National Wo men and Gen de r Equality Policy 2011-2015 3.9.1 Market opportunities The market network is poor, especially its ability to enable rural and remote women and men to sell their produce throughout the country. Many have to travel rugged rural terrain, mostly through bush tracks which can be a week's walk, to get to the nearest roadside or urban market. They become disheartened if, once they reach the market, much of their produce has rotten making it impossible to generate enough income to meet their basic needs. There is an urgent need to establish strong partnerships with all concerned partners in both public and private sectors to carry out a market survey to establish which market will be accessible for the rural population. especially for women. 3. 10 Environment The m~jority of the population has a special attachment to the environment for its livelihood, depending on natural resources such as land, forests and water. Women are considered the primary users of natural resources because they are responsible for gathering and producing food, fuel and making handicrafts. They have a special and close relationship with the environment and advocate for the preservation of natural resources for the next generation. Women's perspectives on and values for the environment are somewhat different from men. Women give greater priority to protecting the environment, improving the capacity of nature (including by farming and gardening lands) and caring for ii for the future. Men's values and perspectives on the environment are changing in the fight of multinational development projects operating in PNG - they tend to see natural resources as commercial entities that can be used to generate income. The changes tend to have more impact on women areas and cause them to face social and economic hardships. This policy acknowledges the critical role women play in the development and effective use of their knowledge in addressing the long-term environmental effects of forestry, mining, fishing and related activities (including the impact on their livelihoods). Other important and emerging issues 3. 1 Special groups of women The number of special groups of women and girts needing special attention for specific needs is g rowing across the country. This includes three distinct groups - women with disability, elderly women and displaced women. OepartmentforCommunityOevelopme.nt:: The N affonal Women and G•nder Equality Policy 2 0 11 · 2015 Poge 27 3.2 Women with disability This policy will complement and enhance the programmes for women already identified in PNG's National Policy for Disabilities. Women with disability continue to participate in family life, in community activities and in nation-building activities despite the stigma and discrimination they encounter daily. Women with disability have an active national association in PNG which this policy recognizes. This policy recommends the need to strengthen this association as well as other women's networks operating at all levels throughout the country. 3.3 Elderly women Elder1y women are a source of strength in most communities. They play a range of important roles including as informal teachers and leaders, midwives, historians, advisors, mediators, negotiators, mentors, coaches and specialists in passing on skills and knowledge of womanhood and motherhood, child rearing and caring, environment, weather, food production, processing and preparation. community gatherings and ceremonies. This policy recognizes elderly women's leadership, contributions and capabilities and will address the need to instill and strengthen Melanesian values to ensure proper care of elderly women so they can continue to participate in family, community and nation building activities. The policy will also promote health education among elderly women. 3.4 Displaced women An increasing number of women are being displaced by man-made and natural disasters, dimale change, tribal fights, land disputes and other issues. This policy focuses on consulting with displaced women and integrating their needs into all levels of planning and programming. Main programme areas will be on providing rehabilitation services by identifying the training needed to help develop the potential o f displaced women. Policy strategies This policy provides several strategies for effective implementation of priority action areas. 3. 1 Gender- based violence Create more awareness among community stakeholders, police, village councillors and village court magistrates. Provide women and children who are victims and survivors of violence with just and effective legal remedies as well as with protective shelters, legal aid and other services. Support the activities of women·s organisations and NGOs to raise awareness of and help prevent gender-based violence. Build the response capacity of village court magistrates, police and health officials. Enact and/or enforce laws on gender-based and domestic violence. Conduct research on sorcery witchcraft. Dtivelop protective gender-sensitive legislation. Develop and support male model and change agent programmes. Oep.irtmentf<KCommunityOevelopmenr: Th e National Women and G•nder Equality Polity 2011·2015 3.2 Health • Conduct basic education and primary health awareness courses at community level in nutrition. hygiene and child and reproductive health. Provide affordable and accessible health facilities/clinics in rural areas. • Offer special incentives (such as scholarships, accommodation, higher salaries and job security) for health and medical workers to work in rural areas. Subsidise basic health services so they are affordable to the rural poor. Ensure that women and girls with disability receive support services. • Build awareness on women's reproductive health issues and reproductive health rights. Bui ld capacity in traditional midwifery and strengthen traditional midwife programmes. Develop women and children's preventative health programmes. 3.3 HIV/AIDS Develop awareness and education. • Include information on HIV/AIDS and its effect on women in national-level actions on the HIV/ AIDS pandemic, giving special attention to the rights and needs of women and children. Implement PNG's gender and HIV/AIDS policy. Put in place workplace policies to address discrimination. Implement PNG's HIV/AIDS management and prevention policy. • Ensure women, especially those infected with HIV/AIDS, participate in planning for and providing services relating to the disease. 3.4 Education and training Implement proactive programmes to accelerate girl's education. • Develop and implement gender programmes targeting families on shared responsibilities in the home. Provide functional literacy programmes. Develop vocational training for women and girls. • Support training of literacy trainers. • Adopt measures to initiate alternative education and training for women and girls in marginalized communities. Provide support to organisations providing functional literacy and other related programmes. DepartmentforCommunhyDevek)pment: Th$ Na t Ion a I W omen and Gender E qua II t y Po I le y 2011 - 201 5 Page2'9 3.5 Cultural norms and trad;tions • Advocate prevention of violence against women and prevent any custom, tradition or religious consideration from interfering with its eradication. Change traditional attitudes towards and stereotyped roles relating to women as subordinate to men as well as those that perpetuate widespread practices involving violence against women. Protect girls from forced marriages, bride-price related violence and other traditional practices harmful to women. Undertake an audit of customary laws to identify customs which may be inconsistent with PNG's obligations under CEDAW. 3.6 Economic empowerment • PromoJe women's self-employment, small enterprises and cooperatives and develop financial support for women such as through micro-credit schemes. • Provide business services, training and improved access to markets. • Provide capacity building in information and technology, particularly to low-income women. Ensure that rural woman have the right to access agricultural credit and loans, marketing facilities, appropriate technology and equal treatment in land and agrarian reform. Conduct government-funded research on the barriers to economic empowerment faced by women, including the relationship between paid and unpaid work. 3. 7 Employment Advocate the prevention of all forms of discrimination in employment and occupational segregation. Ensure that government legislation is implemented to address discriminatory and abusive behaviour in the workplace and prevent unhealthy working conditions. Enact and enforce laws to guarantee the rights of women and men to equal pay for equal work. Establish labour laws which ensure protection of all women workers. Ensure women's right to maternity leave with pay or to adequate social security benefits without loss of employment, seniority or social allowances. Ensure that women and men can choose on an equal basis to work full time or part time. OeparrmentforCon,munit.Y D~I0pm«it; The Nati on a l Wo me n and Gende r Equality Po/Icy 2011 a2015 Page 30 3.8 Women in decision making • Address the number of women in elective and non-elective public positions to ensure they are represented in the same proportion and at the same levels as men. Include women leaders, executives and managers In strategic decision-making positions. Work towards equality in the private sector. Support gender baJance in the composition of delegations to the United Nations and in other international forums and international secretariats. Monitor women's access to senior levels of decision making. Implement affirmative action policies (quota systems and targets). Support the roll out of training programmes developed for women's leadership. Upgrade and strengthen national mechanisms and machineries ror the advancement ofwomAn. 3. 9 Women and agriculture Target extension services for women to sustain agricultural production, employ more efficient practices and ensure year-round food security. • Integrate women in agriculture and rural development through the Women in Agriculture Programme. Facilitate and coordinate women's participation in agriculture through inter-sectoral consultation and collaboration. • Solicit support for capacity building aimed at enhancing the role of women in household food security. Provide women with access to training, improved technology and human and financial resources. 3. 10 Environment • Promote gender perspectives in the design and im plementation of environmentally sound and sustainable resource management activities. including education awareness, mining , refore.station and eco-forestry. Develop natural disaster early warning indicators and gender-aware preparedness and management plans. • Train women LLG officers, teachers and communities in disaster management and evacuation. • Promote family plan ning. • Train women in new farming methods. Encourage sustainable rural housing. D~panmentforCommunityDwetopmo.nt: Th• Hatlonal Women and a ender Equ a lity Po lley 2011 • 2015 CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION This policy promotes strong, dynamic partnerships to accelerate the achievement of gender equality through advocacy, consensus-building and sharing of knowledge, information and best practice. These partnerships will be based on the principles of mutual respect, mutual benefit, participatory decision making, collective responsibility, shared resources, accountability and transparency. Partners include government agencies at national, provincial, district and LLG levels, private sector organisations, development and donor partners and CSOs. Specific roles for the main partners are elaborated in this section. Further details on the roles and related actions are included in this policy's implementation plan. Office for the Development of Women • Advise the National Council of Women, the government's Secretary and Minister responsible for women and government departments and agencies on policy issues relating to women and development. • Act as the focal point for coordinating dissemination of information on and raising awareness of this policy. • Prepare budget proposals for and advise the PNG Government on adequate funding support for the implementation of this policy. • Identify and coordinate the research and data collection needed for government planning in the area of gender equality. • Facilitate d ialogue and communication between women's groups and organisations to ensure the effective implementation of this policy. • Advocate for consistent support and mainstreaming of key priority areas of this policy in government planning. • Review the implementation of this policy. DeparrmentforCommun;tyDevelopment: The Nat i onal Women and Gond•r E quality Polley 2 011 - 2015 Page32 National Council of Women The National Council of Women will be re sponsible for advising the government on the implementation of this policy and for mon itoring policy performance. Its specific role s will be to: 1. Work in close collaboration with the Of fice for the Development of Women and th e Gender and Development Branch of the ministry r esponsible for women to maintain an effe ctive National Women's Network in PNG. 2. Facilitate dialogue by establishing an e ffective network among women's organisa tions across PNG and internationally. 3. Seek the funding and resources neede d to strengthen the National Council of Wo men's networks at national. provincial and distric t levels. 4 . Promote the identity of and unity amon g women's organisations in PNG to ensur e effective implementation of this policy. 5. Monitor the impact of policy implement ation by the Office for the Development o f Women. 6. Support and promote existing program mes and projects of other national women 's Ol'ganisations, ensuring there is no duplic ation and ensuring completion with the Na tional Council of Women's existing programmes . • Gender and development • Assist provincial community developm ent advisors/women's officers to integrate gender sensitisation and equity programmes in th eir plans through the Community Leaming and Development Centres. Identify specific prionties of and training n eeds required by women at all levels. Assist women's groups and NGOs to dev elop and implement effective programmes for women at community level. Provide avenues for women in governme nt as well as in non government and comm unity sectors to work together in implementing gender and development awareness activities and life skills programmes. National government departments and agencies Nat10nal government departments and ag encies will play key roles 1n overseemg th e development of gender mciusJVe and equal opportunity policies, legislation and strategies. Provincial governments Provincial governments will play a comple mentary role to that of the national government. Since wo men's runctions have been decentralised, supportive prog rammes and initiatives will be required of provincial gove rnments. Al the same time, provincial governments will be encouraged to integrate women's issues and programme priorities in their provmcial and district plans. ~for-~D•• fg,c.w.c: The N •Oonal Women and G end•r Equall l y Potlcy 2011 ·1015 "-33 This policy promotes integrating women's issues into development plans and WID programmes. The following roles will guide the efforts of provincial governments and administrations as they implement this policy: 1. Support and resource provincial and district women's programmes and activities. 2. Assist and strengthen provincial women's offices with sufficient funding and technical staff to enable efficient and effective implementation of programmes and projects at provincial, district and community levels. 3. Support provincial councils of women with funds and staff so they can implement activities that strengthen the Provincial Council of Women Network. Civil society organisations As key implementing partners, CSOs and NGOs will play crucial roles in the implementation of this policy. They will .continue to be important partners in providing capacity building opportunities and training in appropriate life skills based on the needs of women. men, girls and boys at community level. Development partners Development partners with their international experience and networks will support implementation of this policy by providing technical assistance, funding and capacity building of women's mechanisms at national, provincial, district and community levels. Private sector The private sector has a role in complying with and implementing national strategies, policies and legislation as well as international conventions and instruments (including International Labour Organization conventions and treaties) to integrate gender dimension in their country strategies. The sector should also provide conducive and flexible work environments for women employees, including fully implementing equal employment and equal pay measures such as maternity leave as well as child care legislative and policy guidelines. Inter-Agency Women's Advisory Committee The existing Inter-Agency Women's Advisory Committee will continue to coordinate women's issues and advise the PNG government through the Office for Development of Women. Membership of the committee may be reviewed if there be a need to do so. D~rtmt:ntforCo,nmunlryDeve-topme.nt: The Nat i onal Women and G e n der E quality P olicy 201 1 -20 1 5 Page34 The committee's roles include: 1. Monitoring the policies and programm es implemented in all sectors of governmen t. especially to promote the interests of wom en, children and the community. 2. Monitoring and recommending changes in government legislation to ensure that w omen's rights are protected and implemented. 3. Working towards the elimination or disc riminatory practices against women in all sectors. 4. Recommending female appointments o n government boards, commissions and c ommittees. Civil Society Women's Advisory Commit tee A Civil Society Women's Advisory Comm ittee will be formed under the National Co unal of Women. Its role will be similar to the Inter-Agency W omen's Advisory Committee and, as such , It will provide appropnate advice on this policy's implem entation to the National Council or women. The establishment of the committee is re quired because the National Council or W omen plays a key role in providing shadow reports on the CEDAW and will be instrumental in assisting t he National Council of Women in monitoring government performance in the impleme ntation of this policy and the CEDAW. CHAPTER 5: POLICY REVIEW This National Women and Gender Equality Policy 2011-2015 is a living document which will be reviewed in 2015. the final year of implementation, with results informing the development of a new policy. Monitoring progress and evaluating results and outcomes during policy implementation is important. Data collected through this process will provide the information needed for the review in 2015. Monitoring and evaluation throughout implementation will be systematic to ensure successes, failures and opportunities are captured. Monitoring will take place in part through the quarter1y meetings of the Inter-Agency Advisory Committee for government agencies and the Civil Society Advisory Committee through the National Council of Women and the Biannual National Council of Women National Conventions among others (see policy implementation and communications structure in Chart 5.1 ). Oep.,rtme.ntfor CommunltyDevolopment; The Nat io nal Wom •n and Gender Equa li ty Polley 20 1 1 ·2 0 15 Page36 POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE NATIONAL l;)CECUTIVE COUNCIL , 1 NATIONAL WOMEN'S CONVENTION t ('----'=-M- IN 1s T E R ,~ -----------• NATIONAL WOMEN'S COUNCIL EXECUTIVE t [ t SECRETARY t OFFICE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN t GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT BRANCH t PROVINCIAL WOMEN'S OFFICES 1 DISTRICT WOMEN'S OFFICE ) NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE , INTER j SECTORAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE " • '" PROVINCIAL COUNCILS OF WOMEN t '' DISTRICT WOMEN'S COUNCIL., OepattmentforCommu.nffyO.vt!lopment: The Nation#t Women and Gender Equa li ty Po licy 2011-101 $ Page 37 APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Convention on The CEDAW provides the basis for realising equality between women Elimination of and men through ensuring women's access to, and equal opportunities All forms of in, political and public life. State parties have agreed to take appropriate Discrimination measures, including through legislation and temporary special measures, against Women so women can enjoy human rights and fundamental freedoms. The CEDAW was adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly. Consisting of a preamble and 30 articles. it defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination. This refers to options that create opportunities and reinforce individual Empowerment and collective capacities to exercise control over the life of individuals and offers them more choices. Empowerment of women is linked to women having awareness of themselves, their knowledge, their skills, their attitudes and aptitudes. It is backed by institutional change. Gender The social and cultural differences between women and men, and girls and boys that offer each group equal opportunities and chances in life. Gender inequality rests also on feminine and masculine characteristics and perspectives concerning the roles of women and men in society. Gender This refers to the equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of equality women and men, and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same but that their individual rights. responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they were born female or male. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are seen as human rights issues and as a precondition for, and an indicator of, sustainable people-centred development. Gender This goes further than equality of opportunity to look at outcomes. equity Treating women and men and girls and boys equally does not automatically ensure they will obtain equal outcomes and benefits since many structural factors may militate against this. Wor1< towards gender equity therefore looks at structural power relations In society as well as material resources, and may include taking positive or affirmative actions to ensure that policies and programmes benefit women and men and girls and boys equally. Gender The recognition of the differences in the interests, needs and roles of awareness women and men in society and how they result in differences in power, status and privilege. It also means the ability to identify problems arising from gender inequity and discrimination. Depann,,ntfqrC9mmunityO.ve/opm•nr: Tho Nat io nal W omtn on d G @nd•r Equ•llty Polley 2 0 11,2015 Page 38 Gender analysis Gender budget Mainstreaming gender equality Poverty Qualitative and quantitative assessments conducted to determine the differential impacts of development activities on women and men and the effect that gender roles and responsibilities have on development efforts. Also involves tracing the historical, political, economic, social and cultural explanations for these differentials. A budgeting method which analyses the incidence of budgets on women and men, and girts and boys. Gender budgeting entails analyses of revenue and expenditure impacts so as to avoid or correct gender imbalances. This term is defined in the United Nations Economic and Social Council Agreed Condusion 1997/2 as: ... the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programs, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women's as well as men's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programs in all political, economic and social spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality. Poverty is not only based on low or no income, but to limited or unequal access to opportunities such as political, economic, natural, social and cultural resources. Gender inequality causes and exacerbates the high impact of poverty on women. Enhancing women's capabilities is of crucial importance for eradicating poverty, G!;!nder equality needs to be mainstreamed into programmes and processes related to poverty eradication such as the MDGs and poverty reduction strategy papers. Women's health, including women's and girts' sexual and reproductive rights, nutrition and maternal mortality, are also priority poverty issues that impact on the ability of women to develop sustainable livelihoods. Oepartment forComm,mlty Devolopment; T h e Na tio n al W om e n # nd G end e r E q uali t y P oll e y 2011.201s P-39 APPENDIX B: NATIONAL GOALS AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES 1. Integral Human Development 2. Equality and Participation 3. National Sovereignty and Self-Reliance 4. National Resources, Resource Creation and Environment 5. Papua New Guinea Ways APPENDIX C: VISION 2050 Seven pillars of the Vision 2050 . Pillar 1: Human Capital Development. Gender, Youth and People Empowerment Pillar 2: Wealth Creation Pillar 3: Institutional Development and Service Delivery Pillar -4: Secu,ily and lnternaI1onal Relations Pillar 5: Environment Sustainability and Climate Change Pillar 6: Spiritual, Cultural and Community Development Pillar 7: Strategic Planning, Integration and Control Departmentfor CommunltyO.v•lopmont: T h e N• t i ona l W om e n •nd Oend•r Equali t y Polley 2 0 11 •20 1 5 Page40 APPENDIX D: SECTORAL POLICIES AND PLANS D1 National Population Policy 2000 - 2010 PNG's integrated National Population Policy 2000-2010 recognizes the promotion of gender equality and opportunities for women as an essential feature of nation building. ll calls on the government to promote and support the advancement of women, especially their human rights, freedom of choice with child bearing and the need to strengthen organisations promoting the status of women. Policy goal 6 aims to ' ... increase opportunities for women to participate more fully in the economic, political , cultural and social life of their communities and the country.' It provides a justification for initiatives aiming to enhance the status and empowerment of women and also have direct positive benefits on society and nation building. D2 Integrated Community Development Policy 2007 The government endorsed its first national Integrated Community Development Policy in 2007 and in lhe same decision approved community learning and development centres as the mechanism to enhance ifs District Service Improvement Program. The policy is in its fourth year of implementation. Its main emphasis is to e11I·,a11c.. u,nuuuuily access to learning and development opportunities and improve quality of life and income generation for the informal majority. It advocates a holistic approach to issues consistent with the national Constitution. traditional Melanesian values and the Organic Law on Provincial and Local Level Governments. It also accommodates women's crosscutting issues, including those featured as key priorities in this new National Policy for Women and Gender Equality 2011-2015 and is aligned to other policies such as the national disability policy. national youth policy and early childhood policy. D3 The National Health Plan 2011 - 2020 PNG's health indicators are low, reflecting that the poor health of the majority of the population - in particular women and children - has not been adequately addressed. The overall deterioration in health since the 1990s is attributed in part to the increasing non-performance of PNG's public health system. especially in rural and district levels. DepartmMtforCommunltyOt!'!velopment~ The Natio n al Wo me n and Gend•r Equality Polley 2011·2015 Page 41 The National Health Plan 2011-2020 directs the health sector improvement in alignment to the implementation of the Vision 2050. It aims to strengthen primary health care for all and improve service delivery for the rural majority and urban disadvantaged. Key priority areas of the Plan include: 1. Improve service delivery 2. Strengthen partnerships and coordination with stakeholders 3. Strengthen health systems 4. Improve child survival 5. Improve maternal health 6. Reduce the burden of communicable diseases 7. Promote healthy lifestyles 8. Improve preparedness for disease outbreaks and emerging population health issues .. The policy will.focus on preventable health issues. Community preventative health programmes through healthy island and community learning and development programs - including awareness and education programmes - are the maln programme areas of this policy that will provide opportunities at community levels to address the vital healthy living issues. D4 Gender Equity in Education Policy: Education Capacity Building Program 2003-08 The Education Capacity Building Program supports activities designed to address gender equity. Its key objectives are to improve women's access to education and promote women's participation and leadership in decision making at all levels. The main emphasis is on reviewing and strengthening the organisational capacity of the Department of Education by improving its human resource management procedures and practices - improvements which will help ensure that the needs, priorities, strengths and interests of women, as well as men, are appropriately considered. D5 National Agriculture Development Policy and Strategy 2001 - 2012 and the National Agriculture Development Plan 2007 - 2016 The agriculture sector, through the Department of Agriculture and Livestock, has incorporated gender issues into its National Agriculture Development Policy and Strategy 2001-2012, the National Agriculture Development Plan 2007-2016 and the Agriculture White Paper 2008-2010. The main emphasis of the National Agriculture Development Plan 2007-2016 is to address the improvements needed in governance and market accessibility to drive agriculture development and reduce rural poverty. Of particular relevance is the way the plan encourages people to participate productively. Several achievements are notable, induding the establishment of capacity programmes, women's micro credit schemes, women's networks and women in agriculture mechanisms. Women especially have been encouraqed through the Women in AgriculturP. Program to participate in and therefore benefit from this sector. D•~rtmenrforC<>mrrwnityO.vc,o,,ment: Th~ NaHonal Women a nd G•nd•r E quality Policy 2011-2015 Page 42: However, despite the achievements, women in agriculture - especially those in rural areas - still encounter severe constraints in several areas, including markets, transportation, poor food securi practices, as well as the information and business management skills and appropriate financial mechanisms needed to sustain a viable business. 06 Law and Justice Sector Gender Strategy 2005-2010 The Law and Justice Sector Gender Strategy 2005-2010 incorporates the development of equity policies and practices that will enable women and men to participate equally as employees in the sector. It also incorporates the development and support of a human rights approach to service delivery in PNG. The strategy adopts a sector-wide approach to addressing a range of issues sue as HIV/AIDS, non-violent conflict resolution and increasing women's access to the formal justice system. ·07 Women In Mining National Action Plan 2007-2012 The Women In Mining National Action Plan 2007-2012 creates windows of opportunity for partnership with Donors, NGOs, Churches and Community Based Organisations to deliver servic in a community whose lifestyle has been greatly impacted by the mining activities. The Plan has similar priority areas as this Policy to focus service delivery programs which include: • Education and Literacy • Health Care Services, • Prevention or control of TB/STls in particular HIV/AIDS, Opportunities for women in Economic, Political, Cultural and Social Life • Institutional Strengthening of Women's Associations, • Sustainability of Livelihoods for Women, • Mitigation and Avoidance of Environment Degradation • Promotion of Safety, Security and Peace OeparimentforCommuniryDevelopment: The Natlonal Women and Gendor Equality Po ll ey 2011.; "-43 APPENDIX E: CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN The CEDAW Articles are listed and described below: Article 1: Discrimination Governments accept that 'discrimination against women' means any action or situation that fails to fully recognize women's rights and therefore prevents women from receiving equal treatment with men. Article 2: Policies to stop discrimination against women Governments must include principles of equality in their constitutions and laws and must do everythinQ possible to amend customs that discriminate aQainst women. Article 3 : .Basic human rights Governments agree that women's full basic human rights and freedom must be given to them on an equal basis with men. Article 4 : Temporary special action to reach equality Governments must implement special temporary actions to advance women's equality. These measures are to remain in place until equality is achieved. Article 5: Social and cultural attitudes and behaviour Governments must take measures to change/amend social and cultural attitudes and behaviour that discriminate against women and to include equal responsibility for the raising of children in family education, law and policies. Articles 6 : Prostitution and trafficking Governments must take measures to stop all forms of trafficking in women and exploitation of prostitution. In doing so. governments must also deal with the root problems of prostitution and other measures to reintegrate prostitutes into society. Article 7: Political and public life Governments must act to stop discrimination in public and political life and must ensure that all women have the right to vote and be eligible for election at all levels. Women must be able to take part in making government policy, to hold public positions and to participate in NGOs. Article 8: Participation at the international level Government should ensure women represent their country at the international level and participate in the work of international organisations. Department for Community Development:: Th e N ation a I Wome n and G e n d e r Equa l ; ty Po I icy 20 1 1 - 20 1 ! Page 4' Article 9: Nationality Government should ensure women are able to acquire, change or keep their nationality. whether married or single and whatever the nationality of the husband and to have equal rights as rewards the nationaiity of their education. Article 10: Education Government should ensure women receive all form of education, health and family planning, to stop stereotyping in school books and encourage the education of girls and boys together and to get women and girls full participation in sports. Article 11: Work Governments must ensure that women have equal access to work, job training, job security, salaries, benefits. and protection against dismissal during pregnancy. As well, both women and men should receive support for parental duties through social services. Article 12: Health care and family planning Governments must provide basic health care for women through better access to health care, family planning and health care during pregnancy. Article 13: Economic and social benefit Governments should promote women's participation in economic and social life, including equal access to family benefits as well as loans and credit. and leisure, sports and cultural life. Article 14: Rural women Governments should ensure that rural women as a group are not forgotten in government agendas, but rather have full participation in the development process, including the right to organise, have access to credit, loans. have access to appropriate technology, be treated equally in agriculture reform, have access to family planning. social security and adequate living conditions. Article 15: Full legal statl.Js Government should ensure women have full legal status and equality under the law, including when entering into contracts, administering property and participating in all stages of proceedings in courts and tribunals. Women should also have full rights with respect to freedom of movement and domicile. Article 16: Marriage and family Governments should promote women's equality with men in marriage and family relaUons, in entering marriage freely, choosing a husband, divorcing, and in family planning decisions (including looking after children and transactions related to family property). DepartmentforCornmunltyDeveJopment: The National Wom en and Gender Equa li ty Policy 2011•2015 APPENDIX F: BEJJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION The priority action areas on women and gender equality under the platform for action are: poverty education health violence against women effect of armed and other conflicts economic empowerment shared decision making insufficient mechanisms • women's human rights • mass media mar1aging and safeguarding the environment women and young girls. APPENDIX G: MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGS) The eights goals of MDG are: Goal 1: Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Oepartm~t fwComnwnity Development: Th e N a tlott ~I W o men a nd Ge n d er Eq u allty P olle y 2011 . 2 0 1.s Implementation Plan 2011-2015 National Women and Gender Equality Policy Mekirn Nau. Pinisim Pas1n Act Now. End Discrimination Jfu r..:. ltfghls ltiwntn, ~1.,u.11•!• .. ll•n Em flaits enong Olgeta ManMeri Hurnnn Rights For All DepartmentforCommunityOevelopm&nt: The Natfonal Womon and Gand•r Equality Policy 201,.2015 Pt19e47 1. Gender-based vlolence ISSUES OBJECTIVES Dometllcvlolance I Decrease In gender• based Vlote!'IC&, F amity al'KI 1txual violence fll'llf O<lulitry Drug .'Ind tt\c:ohol OIJ(J'"' i..tlddisput0$ Stealing Gambill'(! S-O<eory ano Y;ildlasll ll\Jlld Ille e,paclty ol lhe """ .. ,. delll wllh drug 111d clcohol Bl)ij,os- W1C1 lncre• pttt1a!Uc:1, Reduoe and elimioate U'lc gondcr lmpaci of ODfl1TWnlty crime re1es, IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES ei.ato more ,warenen gel'IOOr-ba!54d violct108 community 1t.akthotle1 police, vhge councillors vifago cot.111 n'l.'l9$1!'Mes Provldfl Wom&n \\tlO &1 viclili\$ ot 'MICIIO& wHI· and elfectJvt legal name, tn add'lllon lo well-f1110 slwlter$.. legal aid arid -· Support tl'Mt aciMUes (11 women•, org.anl1ailona NGOs to reiM awar0/1, the iSSU8 and help PfC' geMer •baMd ,1o1.,,01 Sulld lhe capac:ty of vi' 00\ltl maglSartlUII IO daal gander •bi Md V.Olonoe 1ncre,so 1l>e r1Umbet ol magistratts. Entcl Md 01\fo«lt lows gender-based and dom vldience, lllCfNM pe"81tia, ror b.1sed vlole.noe ol!Mce· COOducl research on •oroe,y wHd'laalL DevOIOP pr040<11ve gOfl, sens~ive legisJ.alior,s. g ,. . PERFORMAl<CE I INDICATOR INDIC~TORS VERIFICATION ACTORS OecrNsed mmters Welf&re and The pollco Of gonder..(lased probation report$. violence caws. Oep,,vr,enl ol Meenh Penally code Increased QeM!UOs and pollcli,g Department "'d pollcll'(I or p1ootdur11. tor CommunHy •I er,d dr"9 Dovelopmonl clltluse. Gender committee r«ipotts, FBO. Raduc,d gt11der lrnr,aetaoo Oepartmenl ol commUNty crime Justtot tnd Anorooy IM<• Gtlr\oral N•llonnl C...ncll or Law Reform Commission Ooporvnent lor Community Oovoloj)mon1 •no Juab and Attorney General Dep,rtmtntforCommun(tyDtvtlopmoril: Th t N• tlOII II Womtn Ind Otndtr £ qu1llty Polley 2011 • 2016 l lMEFRAME 2010 -15 . . BUOOET 2011 2012 21113 2014 2015 300,000 250,000 250,000 100,000 Hl0,000 'K1 mmon P•go~ 3. HIV/AIDS IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE IHD.ICATOR TIMEfRAME 2010 • 15 ISSUES OBJECTIVES ACTORS BUD<lET STRATEGIES INDICATORS VE.RJACATIOH 2011 20:12 2013 201' 2015 Lack of Ctute awareness and Include Information oo HIV/ lncre.sed percentage Coo111U'i!y HIV/ Oepar1metll of Health 400,000 300,000 250,000 300.000 250.000 K 1.5- millfoo awareness. oduC311on about HIV/ AIDS and its effecl on wom811 In of community AlDS sens.ttlzat!on educatlon and A I OS al co,m1, 1nily na6oo8Mevel actions ta addmss members eware programme. Oepartmenl training level. lhe HIV/A!OS pandemic, and of and who h~we reports. for Community give special anention to the Mowledge about HIV/ Oavetopmonl Discrimination and D~a gender, rights ar,d needs of women and AIDS. Tead'ler training stlgma1i$ll.1ion sensitive curfteu!um Cf\Udrcn. inslttulion$ c1nd Naliooat and for teacher training lncroased number schools curtiC\lkm provincial aids Sufficient facilibe$ alld &cllools. lmP'ement PNG's gend.er and of teachor training and poliOOS. councis ond services HIV/AIDS poicy, institutions and Ermlnate schools Implementing Community Training insli.tutl:oM, <fiscrimina!ion ~t lfll)}enlent workplace p ollcies in the get1d8t'-S8l'lsi.llve v.-elfere reports. particularly hea!lh people living with HIV/ pta,ce 10 address dlscrlmln&tion, curriaJNm. and (ear.hing coor1s AIDS. Repo,ts from Implement 1-ilV/AIOS Reduced numbef ot hea!IJl cenires and Depa,tm,n1 ol Provicte adequate management and p<tVentbn ceses of corrmunity HIV/AIDS testirQ Justice HIV/AIDS fecllffies. policy, disc:ii'nlnatbn against and counseli:lg Including by lmprow,g ~ living with Hrv/ centres:. ProVcx:lal lhOSO lhatalreooy Ensure partlcipa.tlon of womoo. AIDS. QOv&IM1Cnt exist especially those inrec!8d with HIVIAIOS, in planning and Improved end Natlonal Council ol ices. Increased range of Women adequate HIV/AIDS fad li!Se:s. f 80s DepartmentforCommun/ryDevelopment; Th • Nattonal Women ;1nd Gender Equality Polley 2011 - 2015 Page.SO 4. Education and training IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TIMEFRAME 2010 • 15 ISSUES OBJECTIVES ACTORS BUDGET STRATEGIES INDICATORS VERIFICATION 2011 2012 2013 201◄ 2015 The right lo e rroe Improve women's Increase enrolmenl and keep Increased Enroltnent rec:ords Depa~monl ol 200,000 200,00Q 200,000 200,000 200,000 Kl mlffion end compulsory access to vocatiooal girls, partiaJlarty !hose Who are establishment of women In Educalion p,lmery educallon training, science p,egnant, In school through and entolment of science and and lo accessible and lechnology, and various melhods, lndudlng by women in science lechnology Department ot sooondary oonllnulng oducalion, Increasing the funds available and leohoology and and conllnulng Employmenl educa1ion for educa11on, Installing continuing educaUon education Addreas gender girls' loilels, dcvoloplng 8/ld lnsutulk>ns. ln~litutlons NoUonal Council or More lhan hatt dlsalmlnellon and implemenUng educallon and Women of tho female bias, lndudlng in training campaigns, provldil11!l lmprowid relation• Gende, populalion Is teacher ltalnir'Q lnoentiwis for oducalJon encl belw9en females and disaggregated CSOs lllrle<ale and this and in Ille uso of p,ovldlng flexible school mole• In society and dale lltara<y rale needs gooder stereo1ypos In schodulos, lncreosod gander fBOs lo ir4>rova so educalional materials. senslllzallon and Enrolmenl this group can Develop and put In place oworenesa. registers of Dopa1tment participate in Promote functional educalion, training and runcllonal ~leracy for Conminlty and benem from l!teracy p,ogramme$ re~aln.ng policies for woman, Increased number of Cl8S$0S, Development llveJlhood activities through communlly especially young women and edult loamers 0111ollod and the overaff learning and women re-entering tho labour ror functionel fijaracy doveiopment development cenires marl<el. in the oommunfties process across the country. Adopt moasuras lo iniliate alternative educallon end training to reach womon and pit!$ In ma,vinalliod communioos. Provide support mechanl•m• fot preg,lant adolesaM,IS and acloiescent mfflher$ Ptovlde support lo organisations providln9 functional bte<acy and other 1elaled programmes, Depar1mMt /orCommunftyOovetopment: Tho Nation a I Women and G • nder Eq u o l l ty Po 1/ c y 20t1 · 2015 Pogo e, 5. Cultural norms and traditions -- IMPLEMENTATION PERFORM AIICE INDICATOR TlllEFIWIE 2010. 15 ISSUES OBJEC TIVES STRATfGIES INDICATO RS VERIFICATION ACTORS 2 011 2012 T 2013 2ou r 20is BUDGET Brldo•pric• (1 Addle .. the IIC1 Condomn >Aolonce •ga1n11 lnc 11esed ewantne11 Commun~y Oapai,,nent 100,000 100,000 100 ,000 100 000 100,000 K500,000 ininslorof wolh that victims .,. women •llCI prevM any and encou rogoment "°"""'g,oupe lor C oml!'AJnlty from the groom• p,eoom, , ... ,dy ,..,,., CUJIX>m, ncf,t,on 0, lev,otlt ol womon ID 1eport Nnlltaa1 10n Oewelopment llnNg0 lo thll usuaty e 1de1ly""""" consideration from terferlng cu ltural related cases and commllloo• ol 1111 - ·· ~ ol-lCOfiiOili,C ...... and ..... - ~· of c:onbnues 10 be valuo to the v,11ag e, Ju,1101 Ind Marney I'-wldoly In Cl,ange~ldlllonllolllludoo lnc:r- G ,. PNG, patficufany and cte1604 \1)ed rolos by •uqlhtrw,g In 1ht Hlgrlands which w omon art r1911dod olcommunny Oepar1men1 of anc,P asltJl>on!lnelelOml<I,...,. --and Ed.ab, Co.llal IOciobes 1h11 ~•potu8 te11 w\de$1)10ad awartMss of tho pracliCeS~- oo cial ftO<ml and NIIIIOnal C<>unclf ol Tht Ulditiorn,1 tg-- CIAlllitl lradi1<0n1 In Womtn ,vht ol men to , ela1l0<11 to human ,.. .. ., P!o4tt1glltchlthn lroffl- ~ FBOs wive. (polygamy) ma,riage s, bn<Je•prk:e ,eMHed NHbecolnt -and distort..i In the procuces hannlu l ID them Clllh to0nomy, Mllmeollblg Unde<laka an at .<M cl on 04hor wlvea cuatomary law• to ld enllly a.,d gil 111 ioods CUJIOOW mtybe ""1\0\rt aupporting lnc.ons ;s,ent wiln PNG'a them all ~• undo , the CE DAW Many people .. bellewln EMI spiri1s or aang..,,..,nd ti. ability lo • ~pleln tho lne 1••• Dt pa.rt.mtntffN CommunityDt ve/opme nt: The Nat io na l Wo m tn •11 d G t n d t'I' Equ, t f t y Polle y %011 - ZOfS ~52 6. Economic empowerment IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TIMEFRAME 2010, 15 ISSUES OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES INDICATORS VE~IFICATION ACTORS BUDGET 2011 2012 2013 201~ 2015 P,amole women's Integrate e ganilor Promote women', solf- Continuous Nallonal budget Depnrtmenl of 500,000 500,000 500,000 250,000 250,000 K2 nwllon economic righls perspoclive in the employment. small enterprises integral/on oflhe and national EmploymE!<\t and Independence development of and cooperellvos and develop g&ndor perspective plBllnlng reports. economic polioy. financial support such as Info 1he economic LLGs and provincial micro<red.1 schemes. pc,llclos and government planning Reoognlze women's lnc,oased access ol run and equal righll 10 Provldo businon sorvlcea, womon to economic District Adtriolstration own land and property lraHllng, and access to opportunities, with equal oete'5 markets, Information end Departmem 01 10 rosourc .. and tochnology, plllticularfy to low- lncroased ratio ol Commerce Inheritance, Income women. women accessing financial servioes. Oopnrtmool ol Ensure women have Ensuro rural woman havt Education (technical access to bank loans, the nghl lo gain agrlcuttu,el and vocational) mortgages and other credit and loans, have lorms of flnanelal eccoss to me1ke1lng lacilltlos, Oepaitmenls ol credit. have access 10 app,opriate agriculture, land and technology and receive equal phyelcol planning 1roa1ment In land and og1o~on and labour and refonn. employment Conduct govemmenl•lundod rosearoh oo barrle11 10 economic 801)0wennent faced by women, lnclu<llng the relotlooshlp between paid and unpaid work. DapartmontforCommunltyDovelopment: Tho Nation•/ Womon 11nd Gondor Eq11a llty Polley 2011~2016 Pogo 53 7. Employment OBJECTIVES IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TIMEFR~ME 2010 °15 ISSUES STRATEGIES INDICATORS VERIFICATION AC10RS BUDGET 2011 2012 2013 2014 201 5 Promole women's Ensure women h(IVe Stop ell forins of dlscrln•nJllon lmp,oved, Payroll and salary ll<!panrnenl or 60,000 50.000 60,000 50,000 60,000 K250,000 eq1111I employment the "'me rights as In employment and standardized and non scale review and l abour and lndu•lrlal rlghlsand men 10 work In fair oocupalional segregation. d,scrlmlnalory aalary sur,,ey repol'IS. Ro!oUons conditions, and sale coodlllOM. seal" and woges, Ensure nallonal govornmenl Gender policies Depar1menl of Ensure women have loglslallon is implemenlod lmprov!ld and from V1Jn0<1s Justice and AJI01ney lhe nghl 10 equal pay lo address discriminatory impklmonled gendor NGO,, pnvate Gen&lal for equal w01k end abusive behaviour m work policies In sector end ,, !he wolkplaoo and p,even: both lhe formal and gove<nmenl Depanment of unheallhy woiklng corMJ,lloos. lnfotmal secIors. dopar'lmCnls. Forolgn Attalrs, Trado ' and lmmigratioo Enact and enforce laws 10 tn<:reased number guoramoo lhe rig his of W(lllen of organisaUons Depnrtmenl end men lo equal pay for and companies of Parsonnol equal work. 1111plemenl/ng Managemenl gender wor1< place Eslabllsh labour laws Which pollcm Iha! roOect Oeportmenl ensure p<olecllon or all !he national gender for Communlly womon workers. pollclos, Oevelopmenl lonsuro women's right lo malemily leave w\U, pay er 10 adequaIe social seourit1 be<lefils wllhoul loss of ernploymonl, senlonty or social allowences. Ensure Iha! full-lime and part lime work can be freely cho:;en by women and men on ar. equal basis Dopsrtmontforcommunlry Dovolopment: Th a N a I/o n • I Wo m o n a n f/ Go n fie r E q u all I y P o tlo y 201 1- 2015 Page 54 8. Women in decision making IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TIMEFRAME 2010 • 15 ISSUES OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES INDICATORS VERIFICATION ACTORS BUDGET 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 The gro.a under• Improve womon11 Include womon In elective and lnCfeased nuniber Dlffe,enl Deparlmenl 100.000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100.000 KS00,000 reprooontation pan1cipo1ion at all non-elective public pasltlons or w<>nen holding manage1nent and for Community ofwomonln lovefS or doo,ion In Iho same propartlon and koy decision,mafnng 0Iher comm11Iees' DevelopmonI de<fsion•mak,ng moking In public and ot ~ same levols os mr,n, positions In lhe public membeishlp 1<sIs bodies in all a,eas1 private sectors. and Include women loooors, and pn\/ale sectors. and minutes. Oopartmenl or Including poll!Jcs. executives and managers Eduoetlon lntematlonaf for In sfro1eglc deciskm-maklng lncreasod Gendel a, lhe aconomy, posilions number of women sonsI1I2et1on National and the enVU'onmenl representatives on programme f)(Ovincial councils of andIhe Wo1k lowa1ds equall!y in lhe d,trerenl commlttoes <epons. women medla- l11nde1• private sector. and delegations. lhe rnctuslon locally and CSOs or a gender Suppart gooder balance In lh• intemalJonally porllf)ective in oompos&on of delegetions to FBOs those cri~ I Ille Unlfed Nollo,,s Md Other Conbnuous and spharasof lnto,national foiums end In thei< strenglhened women Members of mfiuance. lntornelional secrelarlafs. S<>nsltl:iatlon about Pa1llarnent the atnnnelive 11C11011 Monitor women's access ond decision meklng, Chun;hes lo senl0t levels or decision loadershlp and making. womoo advancement mechanisms lmplemenf affitmallve action policies (quota syslems and targets). Develop tramlng programmes for wom•n·s leadership. Upgrada end weng1hen nallonal mechanisms and rnachinerlos for tho advancemenf or woman. DepartmentforCommunltyDevelopmont· Th o Nation;,/ Women and Gonder Equa l i t y Po l ley 20 1 1·2 0 15 ----· Page 55 9. Women and agriculture IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TlMEFRAME 2010 -15 ISSUES OBJECTIVES STRATEQIES INDICATORS VERIFICATION ACTORS 8UOQET 2011 2012 2013 201~ 2015 Land Ensure ruret women Ta1got oxten~ sorvtcos tor lnc:,oaMd Mrnb« 04 ACllvlty reports DopMmontol 500,000 500,000 500,000 250.000 2.50,000 K2mllllon hav& lhe righ1 10 gain women IQ sustain production, women sensitization (sensl!li:aUoo). Agriculture Markel• • many ecoesa lo agricultural employ more efficient preeilcff eetl\/!lles ,and women who credit alld k>ans-, have and ensure yeat-round food program$ about Depanmont al Lands grow fOOd fOI 1<00» to markOllng HCUr!ly, Milable Rnonclal solf«>osumption facdil:M, have -servio&s., markets, Provincial also ongago In ae0011 lo approprialo 10109,010 women In agrlculturo land issue, and land 00""""""1$ and selling food, 1vilh technology and and rural dovoloprnonl In lights and appropriate LLG• two-lhll<ft ol receive equal the Women in Agrlcullure technology. al househOlds treatment In land ar,d !>l'OglOIM1B, 0el)8t1mantol prod~food agrarian reform. Increased and Commoroe and c,opt gotUng Fatil~sta and coofdinato onhonced lnduslly some cash income Improve transport women participation through number CW women from their Hit end lrtf111s1tue1uro fo, lntar,00010111I contull&tion 81\d f0Vt1)I0AOU1$hlp DGll"flmontol access 10 markets, oo!labora1ion. skills and training Fisheries Ensure that rura1 Solclt support for capoclty pl'Ogmmlil. womon heve b«>ador building elmod ot onhanc/ro entrepteneurlal the role of women in hou!o$hold exp01ure, marf(etlllg and business food security, manage1'1'1&1\I skills, Provide 80Ce85 to training, lmp,ovad technology, human and financlal teSOUfCOfl. OepartmentfotCommunltyDtvolopmttlt: T lict Natlonol Women and Gender Equality Polley 2011 4 2015 Poge 56 10. Environment IMPLEMENTATION PERPORMANCE INDICATOR TIMEFRAME 2010 • 15 ISSUES OBJECTI\/ES ACTORS 8UOGET STRATEGIES INDICATORS VERIFICATION 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 P,eserve end Involve women ln~l11de e gender pel'lp0<llve in lnore111ed nl,#llber Mombe1shlp I~. Mjnistry of Agriculture 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250.000 p«>loct lorGSI and ocbvely In tho deSlgn alld implomontallon of women membe,s snd Lands mamelfe envimomtnlal or environmentally eound on the environmental Natural resources decision noklng ol and &usta!nablo rosourco committees. and Indigenous Departmenl of Minimise all level, . manegemenl, such es women l(now!edge Envirorwnent and destruction education awamooss. mining, lncrnasod number or protocbon bylav1S, Conservation and casuatties lnvolvll fe11ele reforestallon and oco-fo,es1,y. women orvanlsallons relating IO uatural professionals Involved in disaste, Fo,esl Development dlsaslers an4 sclen:1111 In lmelop na1ural dlsasler ea,ly and 1ecovery AulhOOly enviroomt1ntal werning indk:ators and ~ender p1ogmms. tncroase monagerront awa,o p,upa,odness and F'1$118rles 8'/a,labillty ol land management pl3fiS. Oualrty of leglslallves Development lnVOIV$ wemon p,oteellrlg lndl~nous AuthOOly Ensme a poll\ltion- andwomeo·s Tram women LlG officers, women knc,,,!""90 fret environment. o,oan11atbn1 In tnactiars, and women and p'8tt.-. Daparlment or disaster JJCparedness members of oonvnunllleS in lnc~uding their usage, Natural Rcsou,oes planning and re~ry ditfltlor monaQement and programmes. evacuat~n Assessed and National Council of lmp1oved mineral W<>men Ensute lt'lJ effective P1omole lamlly plaMlng. 1 esourcos Ulllization p,ote<:tlon ond use policy dov.lopmont. FBOs ol lhe knovA""9e Train women In ne-11 farming aro pracllces methods. Oopa11man1 of Health of lnd'igell>US womon, locludlng Encourago sultnlnablo Oepanmon1 p<ae1ioes relating to rural housing for Convnunily trod,tlonal ft18dlclnea, OevelO!)ffltnl beodiversi:y and local Remove all obstacles to teohnologo1. women's full •nd equal Olnc. ol Cimelo par,iclpatlon In sllStatnablo Change Ensure envlronmantal, dovelOl)menl, w,1h equal logging, 1nlnlng and acoe&,S to and control over flsherlet pobt ,re rosou,ces gender f,1,ndly. DepartmentforCommun;tyDwelopment: The National Womert and Gondo r Equality P o l i c y 20 1 1 ·20 ·1 5 Page57