Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan (2076/77 – 2080/81)

1 \ Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 (First Plan) Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office Dhorpatan, Baglung Publisher: Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office, Dhorpatan, Baglung, Nepal. Citation: DHR 2019. Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan (2076/77 – 2080/81) Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office, Dhorpatan, Baglung, Nepal. Cover Photo Credit: © Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office Supported By: USAID’s Hariyo Ban Program, WWF Nepal © 2019, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office All rights reserved. Any production of this publication in full or in part must mention the title and credit Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office Pby: United Multi Printers (P.) Ltd. Dhapakhel, Hattiban-23,Printed Lalitpur Tel 01-5250027(Direct line) Printed Date: 2078 Ashad iii Foreword Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve was established in 1983 and gazetted in 1987 for sport hunting and conservation of representative high-altitude ecosystem of western Nepal. From the period of its establishment to date various changes in social, economic and political dimensions have occurred affecting biodiversity conservation efforts within the country. The Ministry of Forests and Environment has brought forth and fifth legislative changes to National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 BS to adapt with the changing context for safeguarding the biodiversity and integrity of protected areas while ensuring benefits to local communities. There was a strong need of a management plan for Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve and its proposed Buffer zone for addressing the current issues and challenges and for translating the legislative provisions into field practice. This is the first management plan for the Reserve and its proposed Buffer Zone aimed to address emerging conservation issues and challenges and for translating the legislative provisions into action. This management plan 2076/77-2080/81 (2019/20-2023/24) has provided a roadmap for conserving biodiversity, managing sport hunting, promoting sustainable natural resource management with a focus on NTFPs in the area while regulating tourism and fulfilling the development aspirations of local communities in the proposed Buffer Zone. This five-year plan is a result of hard work of Management Plan Preparation Team led by Chief Conservation Officer, Mr. Ana Nath Baral and I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the support conservation partners, stakeholders, including conservation communities. Besides, many professionals, practitioners and other stakeholders have made valuable contributions during its preparation. I believe that this plan is based on holistic approach of reserve and its proposed buffer zone management as well as biodiversity conservation integrating the whole landscape, its proposed buffer zone and their inter-linkages through corridors and connectivity. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the reviewers of this plan who provided valuable inputs on the draft plan. I also take this opportunity to thank WWF Nepal/Hariyo Ban Program for the financial and technical support in this process. Finally, I thank all the concerned organizations and people, who provided their support and contribution to prepare this plan. I am confident that this will be another milestone in our effort of systematic and scientific management of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. ……………………….. Man Bahadur Khadka Director General iv v Acknowledgements Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is globally famous for sport hunting of Blue sheep and Himalayan Tahr. Since the declaration of the reserve in 1987 for sport hunting and biodiversity conservation of the unique landscape, the reserve does not have an approved management plan. Under the changing conservation context which requires adequate participation of the local communities and engagement of local bodies, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive management plan. To fill this gap, the formulation process adopted a participatory approach and followed the existing principles and procedures of the management plan approved by DNPWC. The Management Plan of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is an undertaking of the Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office under the guidance of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) with the financial and technical support of USAID funded Hariyo Ban Program through WWF Nepal. First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to Director General Mr. Man Bahadur Khadka for his never-ending guidance, encouragement and support. Similarly, I am thankful to Deputy Director General Mr. Gopal Prakash Bhattarai for his constant technical support through the plan preparation period and final review of the plan with a special mention to Mr. Barna Bahadur Thapa for drafting the management plan. A very special gratitude to Management Officer Mr. Narayan Rupkheti, Assistant Management Officer Mr. Bishnu Prasad Thapaliya and Ranger Mr. Santosh Kumar Bhagat for invaluable assistance. Thanks are due to members of the plan prepearation team, Planning Officer Mr. Amir Maharjan and Assistant Planning Officer Mrs. Sarswoti Sapkota for their inputs and all the DNPWC experts for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve this plan. I acknowledge the contributions of Dr Buddi Sagar Poudel, Joint- Secretary, Ministry of Forests and Environment and Mr Shyam Bajimaya, former Director General of DNPWC for their critical review and feedback on the draft plan. Moreover, I would like to acknowledge Netra Narayan Shanta Sapkota, USAID. Dr. Shant Raj Jnawali, Chief of Party of the USAID funded Hariyo Ban Program, and Mr. Dipesh Joshi, Senior Program Officer WWF Nepal for their support throughout whole process and for integrating aspects of climate change in the plan. I would like to thank all the field respondents for their lively interaction and assistance in a process of preparing this plan. Finally, special thanks to all my colleagues of the reserve for their untiring efforts in conducting local consultations and compiling the required information for the management plan especially Assistant Conservation Officer Mr. Pashupati Adhikari. ……………………………….. Ananath Baral Chief Conservation Officer vi vii viii ix Executive Summary Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR), gazetted on 2044/01/14(1987), is located across parts of Baglung, Maygdi and East Rukum districts of Gandaki Province and Lumbini Province of Nepal. The name of the reserve is derived from the high-altitude pastureland called ‘Dhorpatan’ of Baglung district. The reserve covers 1325 km2 and is the only hunting reserve in Nepal. It represents Himalayan flora, fauna, and ecosystems of mid-western Nepal and supports prime habitats for snow leopard, grey wolf, musk deer, blue sheep, and several other endangered wildlife species, and harbors several rare, endangered, and endemic species of plants, particularly rare medicinal and aromatic plants. The DHR represents unique natural and cultural heritage of the region. As one of the remote and rural areas of Nepal, DHR suffers from inadequate physical infrastructure, poverty, lack of economic as well as education opportunities. These have given rise to many environmental problems such as over-exploitation of natural resources, including the illegal harvesting and trade of medicinal plants, illegal hunting/poaching. However, local communities also have to survive with a fear of crop damage and livestock depredation by wildlife. The reserve is a popular blue sheep hunting reserve in Nepal. Trophy hunting is the main attraction of this reserve that generates significant amount of revenue. However, for the benefit of the local community, eco-tourism promotion and NTFP management can be another important aspect of income in the future. The reserve at present faces several challenges which need to be addressed carefully for maintaining a balance between biodiversity conservation, trophy hunting management, ecotourism promotion and livelihood enhancement of local communities. Reserve protection, management of key wildlife habitat, sustainable eco-tourism, and infrastructure development, grazing management, likely impact of climate change, minimizing fire hazards, encroachment management and livelihood enhancement of local communities are identified as major issues of concern. The current management plan (2076/77-2080/81) is based on the review of the past management programs and numerous interactions and consultations with stakeholders, field works and observations, local and central level workshops followed by inputs from experts. The plan is prepared for conservation, management and utilization of the reserve and its proposed buffer zone resources. The main objectives of this management plan are to conserve threatened and endangered species while regulating trophy hunting for a healthy population of Blue sheep and Himalayan tahr while ensuring livelihood benefits to local communities through ecotourism promotion and sustainable management of NTFPs found in the reserve. The plan strongly emphasizes community engagement, local capacity building and institutional strengthening for improved governance of the reserve in coordination with local bodies. Major programs outlined in the management plan include reserve protection which comprises of infrastructure development for management and security, habitat management, hunting management and eco-tourism promotion, community development, public awareness, research, monitoring and capacity building which incorporate climate change as a cross-cutting component in research and community development initiatives. The broad thematic areas incorporated in the management plan are protection and conservation of biodiversity, hunting management, habitat management, eco-tourism and interpretation, proposed buffer zone management, and research, monitoring and capacity building. Special programs on species conservation have also been formulated focusing on snow leopard, musk deer and red panda. The plan also attempts to manage the reserve in the face of likely impacts of climate change to x safeguard the trophy hunting value of the reserve as well as to enhance livelihood of the local communities in buffer zone. Total proposed budget for the implementation of the plan is estimated to be Rs. 2,81,220,000 (Estimated around US$ 2.7 million) excluding salaries and benefits of the staffs. The major share (23%) of the budget is allocated to park protection and conservation of biodiversity which includes expansion, repair and maintenance of infrastructure for effective operation of the reserve along with support for anti-poaching and wildlife health management. Proposed buffer zone management component of the plan covers 17% of the total budget whereas habitat management which includes management of wetlands, forests, forest fires and encroachment management sums up for 14% of the five-year budget. The plan also outlines strategies for monitoring and evaluation of the progress of the plan and addressing gender and social exclusion issues in planning and implementation of the activities. Implementation of the proposed activities of the management plan is expected to generate an estimated 33085 mandays of local employment. xi Acronyms and Abbreviations ACA Annapurna Conservation Area APU Anti-Poaching Unit BS Bikram Sambat BZ Buffer Zone BZCF Buffer Community Forest BZMC Buffer Zone Management Committee BZUC Buffer Zone User’s Committee CBO Community-Based Organization CITES Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna DFO Divisional Forest Office DHR Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation EIA Environmental Impact Assessment GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System GLOF Glacial Lake Outbrust Flow HMGN His Majesty’s Government of Nepal HQ Headquarter HRD Human Resource Development ICS Improved Cook Stove INGO International Non-Governmental Organization IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature km Kilometer m Meter MCA Manaslu Conservation Area mm Milimeter NA Nepali Army NGO Non-Governmental Organization No Number NPWC National Parks and Wildlife Conservation NTFP Non-Timber Forest Products Qty Quantity Rs Rupees xii SMART Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool SPNP Shey Phoksundo National Park TU Tribhuvan University UC User Committee UG User Group UNDP United Nations Development Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development USD United States Dollar WWF World Wildlife Fund Inc. xiii Table of Contents Page Foreword ............................................................................................................................... iii Letter of Approval ................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... ix Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................. xi Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. xiii Part A: The Existing Situation ................................................................................................. 1 Chapter I .............................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction of the Protected Area ...................................................................................... 3 1.1 Name, Location, Constitution and Extent .......................................................................... 3 1.1.1 Name .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 Location ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.3 Constitution and Extent ................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Access to the Reserve ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of Significance ................................................................................................. 1 Chapter II ............................................................................................................................... 2 Background Information and Attributes ............................................................................... 2 2.1 Boundaries (legal, ecological) .......................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Legal boundaries ............................................................................................................ 2 2.1.2 Legistations ................................................................................................................ 2 2.1.3 Ecological Significance ................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Physical Attributes ............................................................................................................ 3 2.2.1 Geology and Soil .......................................................................................................... 3 2.2.2 Topography and drainage .............................................................................................. 4 2.2.3 Climate and Weather ................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Biological Attributes ........................................................................................................ 5 2.3.1 Vegetation .................................................................................................................... 5 2.3.2 Wildlife ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Social and Cultural Features ............................................................................................. 6 2.4.1 Population .................................................................................................................... 6 2.4.2 Trade ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.4.3 Agriculture ................................................................................................................... 7 2.4.4 Livestock ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.4.5 Cultural and Customary Systems .................................................................................. 7 Chapter III ........................................................................................................................ 8 Past Management and Present Practices ............................................................................... 8 3.1 Conservation History ....................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Reserve Protection ......................................................................................................... 10 3.3 Habitat Management ...................................................................................................... 10 3.4 Anti-poaching and other illegal activities ........................................................................ 10 3.5 Tourism and Interpretation ............................................................................................. 10 3.6 Research and Monitoring ................................................................................................ 11 3.7 Human wildlife conflict ................................................................................................ 11 3.8 Administration and organization ..................................................................................... 11 3.9 Achievements of Preceding Management programs ........................................................ 11 3.10 SWOT Analysis of DHR ................................................................................................... 12 3.11 Physical Infrastructures ................................................................................................ 13 iii v vii ix xi xiii 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 19 20 xiv Part B: The Proposed Management ...................................................................................... 14 Chapter IV ........................................................................................................................ 15 Vision, Goal and Objectives .................................................................................................. 15 4.1 Vision Statement ............................................................................................................. 15 4.2 Management Goal .................................................................................................. 15 4.3 Management Objectives .................................................................................................. 15 4.4 Major issues and challenges in achieving management objectives ..................... 15 Chapter V ........................................................................................................................ 17 Management Strategies .................................................................................................. 17 5.1 Boundaries ............................................................................................................. 17 5.1.1 Legal ........................................................................................................................ 17 5.1.2 Administrative ............................................................................................................. 17 5.1.3 Ecological ............................................................................................................. 17 5.2 Zonation ........................................................................................................................ 7 5.2.1 Traditional Use Zone .................................................................................................. 17 5.2.2 Management Facility Zone ...................................................................................... 17 5.2.3 Tourism/Recreational Zone ...................................................................................... 18 5.2.4 Biodiversity Conservation Zone ............................................................................ 18 5.3 Theme Plans ............................................................................................................. 18 5.3.1 Protection and Conservation of Biodiversity ................................................................ 18 5.3.1.1 Reserve Protection .................................................................................................. 18 5.3.1.2 Anti-poaching and intelligence ............................................................................ 19 5.3.1.3 Wildlife health management ..................................................................................... 20 5.3.2 Habitat management .................................................................................................. 21 5.3.2.1 Wetland management ............................................................................................... 21 5.3.2.2 Forest management .................................................................................................. 22 5.3.2.3 Fire management ...................................................................................................... 22 5.3.2.4 Encroachment Management ..................................................................................... 23 Chapter VI .........................................................................................................................25 Research, Monitoring and Capacity Building .................................................................. 25 6.1 Research ........................................................................................................................ 25 6.1.1 Research priorities ....................................................................................................... 25 6.2 Monitoring ...................................................................................................................... 26 6.2.1 Population Monitoring ................................................................................................. 26 6.2.2 Habitat Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 26 6.3 Capacity Building ............................................................................................................. 27 Chapter VII ........................................................................................................................ 29 Species Conservation .......................................................................................................... 29 7.1 Musk Deer Conservation ................................................................................................. 29 7.2 Snow Leopard Conservation ............................................................................................ 30 7.3 Red Panda Conservation .................................................................................................. 32 Chapter VIII ........................................................................................................................ 35 Tourism and Interpretation .................................................................................................. 35 8.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 5 8.1.1 Tourism scenario .......................................................................................................... 35 8.1.2 Interpretation facilities ................................................................................................. 36 8.1.3 Issues ......................................................................................................................... 36 8.2 Tourism Management ...................................................................................................... 37 21 23 23 23 23 23 23 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 28 29 29 30 31 32 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 35 37 37 37 38 40 43 43 43 43 44 44 45 xv 8.2.1 Institutional Setup ....................................................................................................... 37 8.2.2 Tourism impact minimization ....................................................................................... 37 8.2.3 Diversification of tourism products/activities ............................................................... 38 8.2.4 Nature interpretation ................................................................................................... 38 Chapter IX ............................................................................................................................ 39 Special program .................................................................................................................... 39 9.1 Rangeland Management .................................................................................................. 39 9.2 Yarsagumba and NTFP management ................................................................................ 41 9.3 Climate change adaptation ............................................................................................. 43 Chapter X .......................................................................................................................... 46 Sport Hunting Management ................................................................................................. 46 10.1 Background ................................................................................................................... 46 10.2 Past and present management practices ....................................................................... 46 10.2.1 Trophy hunting in DHR Nepal .................................................................................... 47 10.2.2 Hunting block division and quotas .............................................................................. 47 Chapter XI.............................................................................................................................. 52 Proposed Buffer Zone management ..................................................................................... 52 11.1 Background ................................................................................................................... 52 11.2 Past management and present practices ....................................................................... 53 11.2.1 Forest Management ................................................................................................... 53 11.2.2 Other Land use ........................................................................................................... 53 11.3 Management Strategies ....................................................................................... 54 11.3.1 Zonation ..................................................................................................................... 54 11.3.1.1 Conservation Zone ................................................................................................. 54 11.3.1.2 Sustainable Use Zone............................................................................................... 54 11.3.1.3 Intensive Use Zone .................................................................................................. 54 11.3.2 Community Development .......................................................................................... 55 11.3.3 Biodiversity Conservation, Monitoring and Research ................................................ 55 11.3.4 Tourism Promotion ..................................................................................................... 55 11.3.5 Functional Coordination ............................................................................................. 55 11.3.6 Capacity Building ....................................................................................................... 56 11.3.7 Conflict mitigation ...................................................................................................... 56 11.3.8 Income Generation and Skill Development ................................................................. 56 11.3.9 Conservation Education .............................................................................................. 57 11.3.10 Regulation of Forest Products ................................................................................... 57 11.4 Implementation and Mainstreaming Strategy ................................................................ 57 Chapter XII ...................................................................................................................... 58 Activity, Budget and Logical Framework .............................................................................. 58 12.1 Activity and Budget ....................................................................................................... 58 12.2 Gender Equity and Social Inclusion ................................................................................ 59 12.3 Monitoring, Evaluation and Review of the plan.............................................................. 60 12.4 Logical Framework Analysis ........................................................................................... 61 References ............................................................................................................................ 66 List of Annexes ...................................................................................................................... 69 Annex 1 Legal boundary of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve as per Gazette notification .............. 69 Annex 2 List of Plants recorded in DHR and its Proposed BZ................................................... 73 Annex 3 List of Mammals Recorded in DHR and its Proposed BZ ........................................... 77 Annex 4 List of Birds recorded in DHR and its Proposed BZ .................................................... 78 45 45 46 46 49 49 49 51 53 57 57 57 57 57 58 63 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 67 67 67 68 68 68 71 71 71 72 72 73 77 79 80 81 86 87 xvi Annex 5 Existing and Proposed Reserve and Security Posts in DHR ....................................... 80 Annex 6 Research studies conducted in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve .....................................81 Annex 7 Organizational Structure of DHR .............................................................................. 82 Annex 8 Organizational Composition of Staff in DHR ............................................................. 83 Annex 9 Infrastructures damaged during insurgency in DHR ................................................. 84 Annex 10 Revenue Generation by DHR over a period of 35 years .......................................... 85 Annex 11 Visitors in DHR over a period of 31 years ............................................................... 85 Annex 12 Boundaries of DHR Hunting Blocks ........................................................................ 86 Annex 13 Detailed budget of the management plan............................................................... 88 Annex 14: Management Plan Preparation Team................................................................... 109 Annex 15: Management Plan reviewers ............................................................................... 109 Annex 16: Participants of National Consultation at DNPWC (2075/07/12)............................ 110 List of Maps Map 1. Location and landcover of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve ............................................ 111 Map 2. Trail network inside Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve .....................................................112 Map 3. Drainage system of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve .....................................................113 Map 4. Proposed and existing security posts in DHR..............................................................114 Map 5. Existing and proposed infrastructure facilities for tourism promotion in DHR ...........115 Map 6. Resilient patches of the vegetation types in 2050 under the A2A climate projection scenario. .................................................................................................116 Map 7 Hunting blocks in DHR.............................................................................................. 117 Map 8 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve and Proposed Buffer zone............................................. 118 List of Tables Table 1: Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve at a glance ..................................................................... 3 Table 2: Timeline of key events in relation to Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve .............................. 7 Table 3. Annual expenditure of last five fiscal years in DHR (Amount in thousands) .............. 10 Table 4: Key policies and legislations relevant for the Management of DHR........................... 12 Table 5: Registered Hunting Operators in Nepal ..................................................................... 44 Table 6 Population Status of Blue Sheep in DHR .................................................................... 45 Table 7 Hunting Block and Hunting Quota of Blue Sheep in DHR............................................ 45 Table 8 Numbers of Blue Sheep Harvested in Different Blocks of DHR.................................... 46 Table 9 Numbers of tahr harvested in different blocks of DHR ............................................... 46 Table 10 Revenue generated by DHR and DNPWC in last five years ........................................ 47 Table 11 Government’s price tag on trophy of Blue Sheep and Himalayan Tahr .................... 47 Table 12 Activity and Budget of Management Plan (Amount in ‘000) ................................ 56 90 91 92 93 93 94 95 96 97 124 124 125 3 5 10 16 44 49 59 64 4 8 15 18 58 58 59 60 60 61 61 71 xvii Management plan preparation process The management plan of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is prepared following the template of Protected Area Management Plan Preparation Procedure, 2073. In due course of plan preparation, participatory approach was adopted in collecting field information and drafting the management plan (2076/77-2080/81). The key guiding documents for formulation of the management plan are Nepal biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2014-2020) and Snow Leopard Conservation Action Plan for Nepal (2017- 2021). In the process, following steps were followed; i) Review of published and unpublished literatures, documents, annual reports, project reports; ii) Consultation meetings with Reserve staffs, Nepali Army; iii) Local consultations, planning meetings and discussions with communities within proposed buffer zone; iv) Discussions with hunting and tourism operators; v) Climate vulnerability assessment of the hunting reserve and proposed Buffer Zone focusing on species, habitats, human communities and their livelihoods, and infrastructures; vi) Sharing of draft plan with relevant local stakeholders for comments and input; vii) Review of draft plan by experts and incorporation of comments and suggestions; viii) Central level sharing of draft plan with Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) staffs, representatives of Ministry of Forests and Environment and experts from conservation partners for feedbacks and input; ix) Incorporation of suggestions and inputs from the sharing workshop; x) finalization of the plan and submission for approval. Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 xviii 1 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Part A: The Existing Situation 2 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 3 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter I Introduction of the Protected Area 1.1 Name, Location, Constitution and Extent1.1 Name, Location, Constitution and Extent 1.1.1 Name Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. The name Dhorpatan is derived from the expansive high-altitude pastureland called Dhorpatan which is situated inside the reserve in Baglung district. 1.1.2 Location Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is located at 82° 50’, - 83° 15’ East longitude and 28° 30’-28° 50’ North latitude along the central Himalaya. The reserve covers part of the East Rukum (60%), Baglung (26%) and Myagdi (14%) districts in Gandaki Province and Lumbini Province of Nepal (previously western and parts of mid-western development regions respectively). The reserve elevation ranges from 2,000 m. (Taksera) to 7,246 m. (Putha Himal). 1.1.3 Constitution and Extent Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR) is the only hunting reserve in Nepal that allows sport hunting of Blue sheep and Jharal. The reserve was established in 1983 with an area of 1325 Square Kilometer (km2) and gazetted in 1987 whereas 539.04 km2. area is proposed for buffer zone. It is bordered by Dhaulagiri Himal range in the north and surrounded by villagesin the Map 1. Location and landcover of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve 4 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 west, south and eastern sides. The core area of the hunting reserve covers parts Dhorpatan Municipality and Taman khola Rural Municipality of Baglung (previously Adhikarichour, Bobang and Nishi Village Development Committee(VDC), Putha Uttarganga Rural Municipality (previously Part of Taksera, Hukam and Ranmamaikot VDCs) of East Rukum district) and Dhaulagiri Rural Municipality of Myagdi district illustrated in Map 1 (previously part of Lulangkhoria VDC) whereas proposed buffer zone also covers parts of these same local administrative units. The 53 settlements physically located inside the reserve boundary are legally excluded from the core area of hunting reserve. The reserve is important for its biological and socio-cultural diversity. It contains high numbers of rare, endangered, endemic medicinal plants and animals. To explore the biological and socio-cultural diversity of the area, further in-depth field studies are required. It is the representative of ethnic, social and cultural diversity including Nauthar and Chhantyal. Table 1: Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve at a glance Location Western high mountains Province Gandaki Province and Province No. 5 Hunting Reserve Gazetted Year 2044 BS 1987 a. IUCN Category VI Hunting Reserve Area 1, 325 km2 Major Geophysical Character Middle Mountains, high Mountains and High - Himal Major Ethnic Groups Magar, Biswakarma, Nauthar, Chhantyal, Thakali, Thakuri, Chhetri, Brahmin, Tibetan refugees etc. Economy Agriculture, animal husbandry, trade Major River Uttar Ganga, Gorughat, Ghustung, Dogadi, Pelma, Seng etc. Major Lake Sundaha, Warmy and Parmy lake, Jalpa lake, Thagur taal, Ganaune taal, Pupal Taal etc. Bioclimatic Zone Temperate, Upper Temperate, Sub-Alpine, Alpine Biogeographic Realm Pale arctic Global 200 Ecoregion Western Himalayan Alpine Shrubs and Meadows Climate Sub-temperate, Temperate, Alpine and Himalayan Mean Annual Rainfall 1000mm Elevation Range 2000 m (Taksera) to 7246 m (Putha himchuli Peak) Protected Mammals Snow leopard, Grey wolf, Musk deer, Red panda, Leopard cat, Clouded leopard, Lynx Trophy Hunting Wildlife Blue sheep and Himalayan tahr Globally Threatened Birds Cheer Pheasant Major Vegetation Types Blue pine, Quercus, Rhododendron, Juniper, Birch, Acer, Abies, Walnut, Spruce, Taxus, Major Issues of Concern livestock grazing, crop and livestock depredation, poaching, encroachment, forest fire, fast growing population, poverty, high dependency on natural resources, and conservation of cultural heritage Annual Visitor (foreigners) 139 (FY 2073/074) Annual Revenue 370945. FY 2073/074 5 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 1.2 Access to the Reserve1.2 Access to the Reserve DHR is one of the least visited protected areas because of not only its remoteness but also limited road access. It is located about 200 km. west of Pokhara and there are only three major routes to reach the reserve. The first one is Kathmandu-Pokhara-Beni-Darbang motor way and one-day walk from Darbang to Jaljala pass from the Eastern side. The second is Kathmandu Pokhara-Baglung- Burtibang-Bobang-Dhorpatan motorable road from the Southern side. The other alternate route is Kathmandu-Rukum-Taksera motor way and one day walk from Taksera to Niseldhor from the Western side. Map 2 shows the major trails within the reserve. There is an existing airstrip constructed by Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal in the Dhorpatan Valley near the reserve headquarters, but it is not in use at present. Map 2. Trail network inside Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve 6 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 1.3 Statement of Significance1.3 Statement of Significance The reserve holds following significance: • The only hunting reserve in Nepal renowned globally that provides recreational hunting opportunities of Blue sheep and Himalayan Tahr, • The reserve is one of the prime habitats for blue sheep and an important home range for endangered snow leopard and red panda, • The reserve also provides habitat for protected wildlife such as musk deer, grey wolf, clouded leopard, leopard cat and several other important wildlife species, • The reserve harbors large numbers of rare, endangered, endemic plants including medicinal and aromatic plants in Nepal, • The high-altitude forests and rangelands are vital for local livelihoods and used for traditional livestock herding and collection of high-value medicinal plants, fuelwood and building materials, • A religious place in the region called Dhorbarahasthan in Uttarganga at Dhorpatan visited by thousands of pilgrims during the Janai Purnima festival every year, • The snow-fed rivers of the area are important source of water for downstream communities. 7 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter II Background Information and Attributes 2.1 Boundaries (legal, ecological)2.1 Boundaries (legal, ecological) 2.1.1 Legal boundaries DHR was declared in 1983 and gazetted on 14 Baisakh 2044 (April 1987). The area of the reserve is duly notified and demarcated on the ground. The legal boundary of the reserve as per the gazette notification of the then His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG/N) is provided in Annex 1. The reserve is bordered by the western extension of the Dhaulagiri massif of the north and the Surtibang and Uttar Ganga river valley to the south. Similarly, the eastern boundary adjoins Dharekhani, Jhalke, and Lamakanka peaks and Naudelle dhuri. Kharibang Khola, Kulta Pass and Jagla Pass separate the western boundary of the reserve. 2.1.2 Legistations National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973AD) and its regulation 2030 (1974 AD), are the key policy documents which guide wildlife conservation and protected area management in Nepal. Related regulations and guidelines have been formulated to support the implementation of the Act. Besides these, various environment and biodiversity conservation acts and regulations along with strategies are in place to guide protected area management in Nepal. 2.1.2.1 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 BS (1973) The clause 3 (1Ka) of the fifth amendment of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (NPWC) Act, 2029 has made it mandatory that National Parks, Reserve and Conservation Area must be conserved and managed by the approved management plan. The management plan shall be approved by the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC). 2.1.2.2 International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna Control Act, 2073 BS (2017) International Trade in Endangered Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) Control Act 2073, generally known as CITES Act, has recently been enacted. This Act has authorized Chief Conservation Officer or officer assigned by him/her of the protected area to work as Investigation Officer in illegal wildlife trade case and to file case in District Court as per the Clause 23. Along with the above listes Acts, some key policies and their key provisions that have implications for the management of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve have been listed below (Table 2). 8 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Table 2: Key policies and legislations relevant for the Management of DHR Major Policies Key Provisions National Forest Policy  Biodiversity conservation and community engagement for sustainable management of natural resources National Wetland Policy, 2069  The policy has identified wetlands of protected areas as a major wetland category in Nepal  The policy has emphasized on conservation and wise use of wetlands  It also emphasizes to conduct regular studies on the status of wetlands that lie within the protected areas or buffer zones Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2014 2020),  Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) has identified Protected Areas (PAs) as one of the major sectors for biodiversity conservation  NBSAP has emphasized on capacity building of staffs and local communities by developing PAs as research and training centre  NBSAP has emphasized on regular inventories and updating of biodiversity at ecosystem, species and genetic level  NBSAP emphasized on preparation and implementation of species conservation action plan for keystone species National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Regulation, 2030  The act provisions for declaration and management of National Park and Buffer zone declaration  30-50% of the annual revenue of the park to be ploughed back for conservation, development and management buffer zone  Details on precedures and guidelines for hunting Environment Protection Act, 2053 BS and Regulation, 2054 BS  The act str ict ly emphasizes to carry out Init ial Environmental Examination (IEE) and/or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) before implementation of any development projects in the protected areas and their buffer zones  The regulation has provisioned to carry out and approve Initial Environmental Examination of the PAs and its Buffer Zone Management Plan (EPA 1997 Rule 3, Schedule-1 Forestry Sector, Clause-12) Wildlife Damage Relief and Compensation Guideline, 2069 BS  The guideline has provisioned for the compensation for human injuries and casualties; property damage, livestock depredation; crop and grain damages caused by wild animals.  It also explains the administrative procedure and requirements to complete the process. Wildlife Reserve Regulations, 2034  Provides detailed information on terms of entry into reserve, list of prohibited activities within the reserve and authorities of chief conservation officer. 2.1.3 Ecological Significance Biogeographically, the reserve represents Palearctic region. The DHR is included in one of the WWF’s Global 200 Eco-regions namely the Western Himalayan Alpine Shrubs and Meadows. The Reserve (1,325 km2) and its proposed Buffer zone (539.04 km2) forms a larger landscape being connected to Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) (7,629 km2) and Manaslu Conservation Area (MCA) (1,660.3 km2) to the East, and Shey-Phoksunmdo National Park (3555 km2) and its buffer zone (1348 km2) to the West. The combined area of DHR, ACA, MCA and SPNP is over 15,518 Km2, which forms one of the second largest protected area complexes in high mountain ecosystem. Therefore, DHR along with surrounding landscape is considered as broad ecological region of this area. 9 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 2.2 Physical Attributes2.2 Physical Attributes 2.2.1 Geology and Soil The geologic feature of the Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is the result of the continental scale plate-tectonic collision of the Indian subcontinent with the Eurasian continent. Most of the reserve area lies on unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks that were formed along the northern margin of Indian sub-continent before colliding with the southern margin of Eurasia. These rocks are referred to as the Tethyan sedimentary rock sequence, which belong to the Tibetan sedimentary zone (Brew, 1991). In the North, the high peaks and broad valleys are formed in the folded and locally faulted limestone, shale, siltstone, and sandstone of the Tethyan (Tibetan) sequence. In the South, steep-sided valleys cut in both rocks that are transitional from the Tethyan sequence to the metamorphic rocks of the central crystalline zone and the high-grade metamorphic rocks (Brew, 1991). Geomorphic processes such as erosion and sedimentation are active in this region. 2.2.2 Topography and drainage The DHR is spread across Middle mountains, High Mountains and High Himal. The elevation of the reserve ranges from about 2000 m. (Takasera) to 7246 m. (Putahimal). The terrain is steep, rugged, and broken by deep river gorges below, glaciers, and glacial valleys at upper reaches. High mountains are primary water sources of major river systems of the reserve. Uttar Ganga, Ghustung, Dogadi Purbang, Pelma and Seng rivers are the major rivers in the reserve. Towards the south-eastern part of the valley, Gur Gad and several tributaries come into the Uttar Ganga River. The Gur Gad flows southwards to Gurjaghat to mix with Dhor Khola and flows westwards into the Dhorpatan valley. About 8 miles north of Dhorpatan another major river Gustung runs parallel to the Uttar Ganga. This river comes from the glaciers west of Churen Himal running below the long-extended ridge from Dhaulagiri to Barse Mountain. Similarly, the next drainage north of Gustung and Chalike Pahar is Dogadi River which originates from glaciers of Dhaulagiri and flows westwards. The valley is broken into several large and small tributaries forming high bowls and grassy basins, which are good habitats for blue sheep (Wegge, 1976). Map 3 shows the drainage system of the reserve. 10 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Another major river is Seng also known as Tatopani Khola that flows northwest of Dogadi River and joins Dogadi River. Almost parallel to Seng and about five-mile further northwest is the Purbang river valley, which also provides a good habitat for Blue sheep. Several glacial lakes are formed beneath the mountains during the formation of the Himalayas. Among them the major lakes are Sundaha, Pupa Tal, Warmy and Parmy Tal, Thakur Tal, Daha Tal, Putha Tal, Pala Tal, Murchula Tal, Rudra Tal, etc. 2.2.3 Climate and Weather Considering the variations in altitude, aspect and topography, the overall climate of DHR varies widely from cool temperate monsoonal in the lower reaches to Sub-alpine, Alpine, Tundra type and arctic in the high Himal. A large proportion of annual rainfall (60- 65%) occurs during the monsoon months of July, August and September (Wilson 1981). Wegge (1976) extrapolated an annual rainfall total of somewhat less than 1000 mm a year, half of which falls during the monsoon months. In relation to the Dhorpatan area, the Sera station (at 1046 m) recorded an annual precipitation of 1340 mm, and the Dunai station at Dolpa (at 1803 m.) recorded 1170 mm. In comparison, Pokhara under the rain shadow of Annapurna Himal recorded 3507 mm. and Rukumkot (24 km west of Takasera) at 1591 m. recorded almost 1800 mm. At the other extreme Jomsom at 2800m recorded less than 200 mm. of annual rainfall (Wilson, 1981). It is observed that heavy spring snowfall occurs generally during January to April, but the total amount varies year to year. Winter is severe with temperature below freezing point and Map 3. Drainage system of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve 11 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 frequent snowfall above 2500 m. altitude. Occasional heavy snowfall disrupts the trails in the reserve for several days and snow avalanches frequently pose threats to local people, livestock and wildlife. The weather is dry and cold with light snow during mid-winter, and unpredictable heavier snowstorms into a late spring (Wegge, 1976). 2.3 Biological Attributes2.3 Biological Attributes 2.3.1 Vegetation The reserve has a highly mixed vegetative composition due to high degree of variations in altitude, aspect and topography affecting the soil depth and moisture. The dry (xeric sites), northern parts are more pronounced at higher altitudes and on southeasterly aspects. In moister and shaded area (mesic sites), mixed-hardwoods forest is found from lower elevation fir (Abis spectabilis) to birch rhododendron at higher altitudes (Wegge, 1976). In the upper Gustung drainage, the forests are still largely unmodified by human activities. The upper north slope to tree line, between 3000m to 6000m elevation, are densely covered with Silver birch (Betula utilis) and rhododendron (Rhododendron campanulata) whereas the lower belt comprises of fir and hemlock (Tsuga dumosa) whereas the river valleys are occupied by rich mixed -hardwood forests. The South slopes on the other side about 2400 m to 3300 m consists of open scrub forest such as oak (Quercus semicarpifolia), blue pine (Pinus excelsa), rhododendron (Rhododendorn arborea), and juniper (Juniperus indica) (Wegge, 1979; Wilson 1981). In the lower part of Dhorpatan valley, dense forests are composed of blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) intermixed with spruce (Picea smithiana), hemlock (Tsuga dumosa), and silver fir (Abies spectabilis). The middle story of this forest is covered with populus and the ground story dominated by bamboo. Silver birch (Betula utilis), and Juniper (Juniperus recurva) dominate the landscape along the upper tree line. Low lying areas such as Dhorpatan valley has good stands of oak (Quercus semecarpifolia) and other temperate-type forests. Above the timberline, which usually runs at around 3600m - 3900m along the northern aspect slopes and around 3000m on south slopes, different grass/sedge types cover the area. On the damper and unstable northern slopes, scrub rhododendron (Rhododendron anthopogan) and (R. lepiditum) may form extensive mats, while on warmer and moist sites, shrubs of Potentilla fruticosa and Polygonum grass spps may become established. In the transition between upper treeline and the alpine zone, the proper species of juniper (both J. squamata and J. recurva), potentilla, fruticosa, Cotoneaster spp., Lonicera spp., and Berberies spp often form large patches of brush cover (Wegge,1976). Alpine Shrubs and Meadows/Pastures: Grasslands cover about 50% of the total area of DHR (Map 1). However, most of them are inaccessible due to steep rocky topography. Local people residing in and around the reserve use the rest of the area to graze their livestock. Species composition and of the pastures vary significantly in upper and lower part of the reserve. The number of major fodder/grass species is more in the lower part than the upper part. However, it is essential to explore how many other species including livestock uses because these pastures in Dhorpatan are very rich in species diversity. 12 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants DHR is situated in the Himalayan region has a large variety of endemic and threatened medicinal and aromatic plants used in traditional medicines in the region due to diversified habitats and niches of the area. Major medicinal plants include atis (Delphinium himalayan), kutki (Picrorhiza scrophulariifIora), panchaunle (Dactylorhiza hatagirea), yarsagumba/yartsa-gunbu (Ophiocordyceps sinensis), padamchal (Rheum australe), bhutley/jatamansi (Nardostachys grandiflora), khirauli (Polygonatum spp.) and samayo (Valeriana wallichii), which are harvested by most of the households. Among them, padamchal and yarsagumba are mostly harvested by the local people (Shrestha and Joshi, 1996) and are also being exploited commercially in recent times. Frequencies and densities of these plants varied from site to site, which can be attributed to different levels of disturbances and harvesting practices, besides physical characteristics and overall vegetation structure. Diversity of associated herbs and grasses are very low in disturbed areas. Annex 2 provides the detailed list of plants recorded in the reserve. 2.3.2 Wildlife The reserve supports several endangered, protected and other common species including wolf (Canis lupus), Snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Red panda (Ailurus fulgens), leopard cat (Felis bengalensis), Lynx (Felis lynx), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) and musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster). The other common wild animals found in the reserve are common leopard (Panthera paradus), Bharal or Nayaur (Psueudois nayaur), Himalayan thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus), langur (Presbytis entellus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), Himalayan black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus), goral (Nemorhaedus goral), serow (Capricornis sumatraensis), Yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) and barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak). The protected bird species found in the reserve are danphe (Lophophorus impejanus), Cheer (Catreus wallichi) and Monal (Tragopan satyara). A total of 137 bird species area recorded in the reserve (Inskipp 1998). The list of mammals and birds recorded in DHR is given in (Annex 3 and 4). 2.4 Social and Cultural Features2.4 Social and Cultural Features 2.4.1 Population Total estimated population living in and around the proposed buffer zone is about 24,472 with 5,193 households recorded within the buffer zone (DHR field data, 2073). A total of 2,945 households reside in the 53 settlements within the reserve. The exact number of populations living inside the reserve area is highly variable due to their seasonal migration pattern from the reserve. The rate of population growth in buffer zone is higher than other parts of Nepal. Major ethnic groups in Dhorpatan area include Magar, Bishowkarma, Nauthar, Thakuri, Brahmin, Chhetri, Thakali Chhantel and Tibetan refugees. The details of population, ethnicity and households are described in the buffer zone chapter of the plan. 2.4.2 Trade DHR and its proposed community development zone have included the settlements within the reserve is well known for trade of medicinal plants, traditional wool products and goats and sheeps. A large volume of herbs is exported from Ranmamaikot. Similarly, goats and sheep are traded to nearby market for meat production. Trade (barter system) with Tibet used to be 13 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 the dominant form of local economy. Local Tibetan people lived in reserve exchanged grains purchased/bartered from lower parts of the reserve for salt, wool, goat and sheep and again traded with wheat and maize grains in the southern part. They frequently visit Tibet for trade where they also barter horses and mules for food items such as salts. However, recently, this system is disappearing due to increasing price of commodities in Tibet and decreasing in the lower part of Dhorpatan. 2.4.3 Agriculture Local subsistence economy depends mainly on agriculture and animal husbandry. About 90% of the total households are involved directly or indirectly in agriculture and animal husbandry. However, their agricultural production is sufficient only for three to six months. Agricultural land is very limited because most of the DHR areas is cold-dry Himalayan steppe lands. The settlements on the southern periphery of the reserve produce more grains. Croplands are located along Dhorpatan valley floors and gently sloping terraces. The crops are grown in rotational pattern: i) potato during April- August of first year, ii) buckwheat during May Spetember of second year, iii) wheat during April- October of third year and iv) Potato during April- August, thus returning for fourth year. Irrigation facilities are limited, and most of the agriculture land is rainfed and hence the vulnerability of crops and agricultural practices that are largely rainfed is comparatively higher. The productivity of the area is quite low (Sherchan et al., 1990). 2.4.4 Livestock Livestock is a main source of income, which is the major component of subsistence farming in the highland mountains of Nepal. There are 5,193 households recorded in and around the reserve i.e. in proposed buffer zone. A total of 14,545 cow and buffalo, and 56,350 sheep and goats are recorded in the proposed BZ (DHR field data, 2073). However, the number of livestocks grazing during the summer can be far more than the recorded, because distance user also send their livestock to graze in DHR. Average cattle population per household is estimated 2.77 cows, 11.52 sheep/goat, 0.50 buffalo and 0.24 horse/pony (DHR baseline survey, 2008). The local people traditionally use Dhorpatan as a livestock grazing land. An estimated 80,000 to 100,000 livestock enter the DHR for grazing (DHR record, 2064). These livestock are brought in the area from surrounding districts including Rolpa, Rukum and Gulmi. Those animals are taken to Buki or high-altitude grazing land (pasture land) in the summer. Many people spend their life living in such grazing lands with huge numbers of domestic animals mainly sheep and goats. 2.4.5 Cultural and Customary Systems DHR is highly diversified in terms of ethnic and cultural groups. Highland agro-pastoralism is the principal occupation that relies heavily on natural resources. Agro-pastoral societies have resided in this area for long times, modifying their environment in a sustainable manner. Recorded history referring to such land use dates to the 10th century. Traditionally, villagers possessed winter grazing practice rights for their livestock in highland pastures. 14 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 15 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter III Past Management and Present Practices 3.1 Conservation History3.1 Conservation History The then HMGN/UNDP National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Project in 1972, for establishing several hunting reserves throughout the Kingdom of Nepal initiated the efforts to establish DHR. Per Wegge (a consultant wildlife biologist from Food and Agricultural Organization) conducted surveys in 1974 to explore the possibilities of establishing hunting reserves in Nepal including Dhorpatan. Following the findings and recommendations of the survey, the then HMGN has decided to establish Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. A feasibility study for setting up reserve began in 1983 (BS 2039, Chaitra) and, Dhorpatan valley traditional high mountain pastureland situated in the Baglung district was selected as site for the Reserve Headquarters. At the same time, Ranger Durga Prasad Paudel was appointed by the department as an officer-incharge to set up the office in Dhorpatan. Construction of facilities such as office buildings, staff quarters and outlying guard posts began soon after. The formal declaration of the 1325 km2 reserve comprising part of Baglung, Myagdi and Rukum districts took place in April 1987 (2044-1-14 B. S.) by declaring its boundaries in the Nepal Gazette (Annex 1) . Table 3 below provides an overview of key events of the area in DHR. Table 3: Timeline of key events in relation to Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Year Major Event/Activities 1960s Tibetans as refugees initially migrated to Dolpo and few moved to Dhorpatan 1973 First trophy hunters visited Barse area of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve 1974,76 Per Wegge (1976) assessed suitability as a hunting reserve for blue sheep 1983 The area was declared as a hunting reserve 1987 The Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve was gazetted in April 1987 1990 Overall assessment survey of DHR by DNPWC (Bajimaya et. al. 1990) 1996-1998 WWF Nepal supported the Northern Mountain Conservation Project, with financial support of USAID 1998 Regular hunting of blue sheep in DHR was halted due to political turmoil 2000 Maikot Range Post of DHR was blasted during the insurgency period 2000 Extension of Northern Mountain Conservation Project in DHR as a follow up program in DHR 2001 DHR office was shiftedto Baglung due to political insurgency 2007 DHR office reopened in Dhorpatan 2007 Blue sheep and Himalayan tahr numbers counted by DHR 2011 Periodic blue sheep and Himalayan tahr counted by DHR and hunting quota fixed 2016 Blue sheep counted by DHR and trophy hunting quota fixed 2016 A company of Nepali Army was deployed for protection of DHR 2017 Himalayan tahr counted by DHR and trophy hunting quota fixed by DNPWC (Source: DHR Office Records) 16 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Regulation was introduced in 1974 (2030 BS) to provide the legal framework for hunting management in DHR and other area (Wegge, 1976 and Wilson, 1981). Regulated hunting of blue sheep in DHR was stopped in 1998 due to political insurgency and office was relocated to Baglung in the year 2058 to 2063 and now it is again regulated as per annual quota. 3.2 Reserve Protection3.2 Reserve Protection Along with the reserve headquarters at Dhorpatan, 1 sector office, 3 range posts and 6 guards posts provide support for reserve protection. Despite the difficult geography and limited staffs, regular patrolling activities were conducted by these sector offices and guard posts to control illegal activities and monitor grazing and NTFP harvesting activities. Initially, Nepali Army was not deployed in DHR as its main objective of establishment was Trophy Hunting of game animals, particularly Blue sheep and Himalayan tahr. But considering the increased threats over the reserve and its biodiversity such as poaching and encroachment, a company of Nepali Army is deployed in the reserve since 2016. At present, a company of Nepali Army is based in the reserve for protection since Baisakh 30, 2073 (May 12, 2016) after the cabinet decision (dated in, 2072-11-3). Nepali Army is carrying out various conservation and surveillance activities including regular patrols and sweeping operations. They are also carrying out various social service works including health camps, clean up campaigns and involving local youths through sports competitions. Security posts are under construction in Deurali which is the main entrance point for the reserve. Other posts will be expanded as per need and conservation issues of the reserve. The details of existing sector offices, range posts, guard posts and proposed security posts is provided in Annex 5. Map 4. Proposed and existing security posts in DHR 17 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 3.3 Habitat Management3.3 Habitat Management In order to maintain mosaics of suitable habitat in the reserve, management of rangelands and wetlands has been in practice as habitat management intervention. The focus of habitat management in DHR has been to minimize human induced pressure on rangelands from overgrazing and unsustainable collection of forest products. Over grazing by livestock during summer can affect rangeland and degrade wildlife habitat and it can also accelerate soil erosion and landslides. Forest fire is another threat to wildlife habitat as frequent accidental fire deteriorates the wildlife habitat every year. 3.4 Anti-poaching and other illegal activities3.4 Anti-poaching and other illegal activities Wildlife poaching, illegal timber harvesting, encroachment and other illegal activities such as collection of natural resource including Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are the most chronic issues for DHR management. In order to control poaching of wildlife species and illegal trade of their body parts, anti-poaching operations were carried out by reserve staffs. There is a need for informants’ network to collect reliable information to control probable wildlife crimes in this area. The deployment of Nepali Army along with continuous engagement of local communities could be more effective after the expansion of security posts. 3.5 Tourism and Interpretation3.5 Tourism and Interpretation Though Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is primarily established for sport hunting, it is a highly potential destination for trekking, hiking and other tourist activities. Because of its remoteness, poor infrastructure, and lack of proper tourist routes as well as poor transportation and accommodation facilities, the number of foreign tourists visiting the reserve is very low. However, such number started to go up slowly after the opening of the southern region of Dolpa in May 1989 and upper Dolpa in October 1992 including southern part of Shey - Phoksundo National Park, to foreign trekkers by the then His Majesty’s Government of Nepal to use the trekking routes through DHR. When government opened the Trans-Himalayan region of inner Dolpa for foreign tourists, certified trekking companies started trekking expeditions to Dolpa through DHR. Since then, the number of tourists entering the Dolpa via Dhorpatan has been slowly going up but the facilities (means of transportation and communication, camp sites, lodges, trekking routes) are limited within the reserve along that route (Bajimaya et. al 1990). 3.6 Research and Monitoring3.6 Research and Monitoring Research and monitoring are essential for PA management. However, limited number of researches on biodiversity has been conducted in DHR. Periodic monitoring of trophy animals is conducted by the reserve office. Research interested of students and academicians is increasing in recent years and as a result flow of researchers, mainly university students have increased. The major focus of research in recent times is on snow leopard, red panda, musk deer and impacts of climate change on flora and fauna and other mid and high-altitude ecosystems and their components. Most of the research records has been destroid during political insurgences. A list of past research studies is provided in Annex 6. 3.7 Human wildlife conflict3.7 Human wildlife conflict Human-wildlife conflict is a common issue in the reserve and its proposed BZ. However, there are few reported cases of wildlife damage recorded in the proposed buffer zone. Crop 18 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 depredation by wild boar is the most serious management issue in the reserve and proposed buffer zone Livestock killing by leopard and wild dogs are also frequently reported. Thus, retaliatory killing of wildlife species by local communities is also reported. In recent years, human-wildlife conflict is becoming one of the major hindering factors for maintaining harmonious relationships with local people that hampering people’s participation in conservation. 3.8 Administration and organization3.8 Administration and organization The Chief Conservation Officer (Gazetted Class II Officer) heads DHR administration and management with the headquarters at Dhorpatan. The reserve headquarters and Range posts are mostly located along the southern part of the reserve at the lower elevation near human settlement to ensure effective protection and management. Considering the state restructuring, there might be a need to organize the administration and operation of the park to facilitate coordination with local bodies. The organizational structure and staff composition of the reserve is shown in Annex 7 and 8. 3.9 Achievements of Preceding Management programs3.9 Achievements of Preceding Management programs As DHR does not have management plan till now, annual programs are prepared based on the need identified by DHR and submitted to DNPWC. DNPWC has the right to approve and allocate the annual program and budget for DHR. The implemented programs and progress achieved by DHR as per approved budget during the last five years is provided in Table 4 below: Table 4. Annual expenditure of last five fiscal years in DHR (Amount in thousands) SN Description Fiscal Year 069/70 Fiscal Year 070/071 Fiscal Year 071/072 Fiscal Year 072/073 Fiscal Year 073/074 1 Capital Expenditure 2519 1800 2710 4408 5858 2 Conservation Programs 4325 3715 3789 4305 4325 2.1 Conservation Education 500 500 500 500 500 2.2 Habitat Management 575 575 575 575 575 2.3 Species Conservation and Monitoring 200 200 200 200 200 2.4 Anti-poaching operations 350 350 350 350 350 2.5 Buffer Zones and Others 800 800 800 800 800 2.6 Public property maintenance 1900 1290 1364 1880 1900 Total: Program Budget 6844 5515 6499 8713 10183 19 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Utilities/Office Running Cost 7292 11123 11592 11776 27221 Total Budget for each Fiscal Year 14136 16638 18091 20489 37404 3.10 SWOT Analysis of DHR3.10 SWOT Analysis of DHR Strength  A globally recognized trophy hunting reserve for blue sheep and Himalayan tahr  High ethnicity and cultural diversity  New strengthened organizational structure of the reserve  NTFPs management including Yarsha Gumba and revenue collection  Potential high-altitude tourist destinations Weakness  Inadequate basic infrastructure for reserve management and tourism development  Inadequate knowledge and information on impacts of trophy hunting on population ecology of game animals  Inaccesability of the reserve and inadequate facilities for field staff Opportunities  High potential to support community development through trophy hunting revenue and tourism  High potentialities of tourism development (domestic and international) due to unique natural beauty and landscape, endangered wild flora and fauna, trekking route to upper Dolpo, local cultural values  Possible area for adventure tourism including mountain biking, horse riding and others  Opportunity of additional funding from trophy hunting groups for the reserve and its proposed buffer zone management and community development  Promotion of trophy hunting to increase revenue for reserve management and provide income and seasonal employment for local people  Diversification of local livelihoods through eco-tourism to reduce pressure on the reserve  Involvement of local people in sustainable management of NTFP for livelihood diversifition  Expanding research opportunities through collaboration with academic institutions Threats  Burgeoning human and livestock population and dependency of local communities on natural resources within the reserve  Forest fires and encroachment of forests and rangelands 20 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81  Planned Uttarganga hydropower project and possible loss of biodiversity  Crop depredation and increasing human wildlife conflicts  Poaching and retaliatory killing of animals such as Grey wolf  Unplanned infrastructure development leading to habitat degradation and fragmentation 3.11 Physical Infrastructures3.11 Physical Infrastructures Currently, there are six range/guard posts with more than 16 buildings including reserve headquarters. Most of the buildings are made up of local materials of stone with mud and finished by cement and roof of alumunium sheet. Almost 75 percent buildings are in poor conditions because of destruction during the conflict situation and inadequate resources for repair and maintenance. Among them Maikot range post was destroyed in a bomb blast in 2057 BS and other buildings were partially destroyed during insurgency in 2058 BS. Due to security reasons, DHR office was relocated to Baglung District Headquarters from 2058 to 2063 BS for an interim period of 5 years during political insurgency. Other physical infrastructures such as bridges, campsites and trekking trails are also in poor condition. The details of the damaged infrastructure with locations including buildings are given in Annex 9. 21 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Part B: The Proposed Management 22 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 23 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter IV Vision, Goal and Objectives 4.1 Vision Statement4.1 Vision Statement Conserve biological diversity and ecological integrity of the Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve for prosperity of the region. 4.2 Management Goal4.2 Management Goal The goal of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is to conserve, maintain and enhance the biological diversity and socio-cultural uniqueness through regulated trophy hunting and promotion of ecotourism and sustainable management of NTFPs to enhance livelihoods of the local people. 4.3 Management Objectives4.3 Management Objectives  To conserve threatened and endangered wildlife and their habitat under changing socio ecological contexts;  To regulate trophy hunting of blue sheep and Himalayan tahr maintaining its healthy population;  To promote and improve sustainable livelihoods through eco-tourism and NTFP management;  To improve community engagement in participatory biodiversity conservation; and  To strengthen institutional capacity through research, coordination and collaboration. 4.4 Major issues and challenges in achieving management objectives4.4 Major issues and challenges in achieving management objectives There are numerous issues and challenges in achieving future desired condition of the reserve. The key issues and challenges to achieve each objective are listed below: Issues:  Poaching and trade of wildlife including blue sheep, Himalayan tahr, musk deer, red panda, Himalayan pheasant and other species mainly from the most inaccessible areas,  Illegal logging of timbers for local construction, tapping resins from matured trees for firewood,  Unregulated and over grazing in reserve and its proposed buffer zone,  Uncontrolled forest fires destroying forest and rangelands,  Livestock and crop depredation by wildlife such as leopard and wild boar,  Unregulated harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants,  Inadequacy of reserve infrastructure (such as guard posts) and limited budget for repair and maintenance,  Insufficient facilities, incentives and field gears to staffs in adverse weather conditions,  Inadequate monitoring mechanism of reserve during hunting seasons due to limited human resources and extremely adverse topographic conditions, 24 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81  Lack of basic tourism infrastructure such as Visitor Information Centre (VIC), communication, transportation, signage, trekking trial, camping sites, lodges, hotels, etc.  Inadequate awareness, communication and publication of tourism related information at local and national level,  Lack of zonation and internal demarcation between reserve and settlements inside the reserve,  Lack of collaboration with academic and research institutions,  Inadequate research, training and trained staff working in reserve, Challenges:  Remoteness and limited accessibility in the reserve exacerbated by harsh climatic conditions that hinders staff mobility,  Delay in declaration of Buffer Zone,  Absence of management plan and lack of regulations of the reserve hindering community engagement and development initiatives,  Extensive encroachment within the reserve area,  Habitat fragmentation by haphazardly planned road, trail construction inside the reserve,  Unregulated traditional grazing and pasture management practices leading to unsustainable practices. 25 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter V Management Strategies 5.1 Boundaries5.1 Boundaries 5.1.1 Legal The boundary of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is well defined and duly notified through publication in Nepal gazette. The area of reserve is well demarcated on ground with natural features such as rivers, ridges and other land features as its boundaries. Since some of the adjoining forest areas are important as extended habitats of key species and realizing the importance of community participation in long-term biodiversity conservation, the management plan envisions incorporation of such important forests and human settlements as a part of proposed buffer zone. The peripheral land of the reserve as well as village enclave inside the reserve comprises the proposed buffer zone. The declaration of buffer zone of DHR is underway. 5.1.2 Administrative The core area of DHR falls currently under parts of Dhorpatan Municipality and Taman Rural Municipality (previously Bongadovan, Bobang, Adhikarichour and Nisi VDCs) of Baglung, Putha Uttarganga Rural Municipality (previously Takasera, Maikot and Hukam VDCs of Rukum) of East Rukum and Dhaulagiri Rural Municipality (previously part of Gurjakhani and Lulangkhoria VDCs) of Myagdi district (Map 1). 5.1.3 Ecological The Reserve and its buffer zone (1,325 km.2) has landscape continuity through corridor with Annapurna Conservation Area and Manasolu Conservation Area to the East, and Shey phoksunmdo National Park and its buffer zone to the West. Thus, the combined area of DHR, ACA, MCA and Sp NP is over 15,518 Km2, which forms the second largest protected area complexes in high mountain ecosystem. 5.2 Zonation For Protected area management, zonation is a very important strategy for biodiversity conservation. To harmonize the conflicts and conservation to maximize the efforts to protect, maintain and enhance the wildlife habitat as well as hunting management in sensitive environment in effective way, the following zones are proposed. 5.2.1 Traditional Use Zone Himali National Park Regulation 2036 B.S. has provided the local communities the privilege for collection of forest products only for domestic use. By considering this legal provision, adjoining forest can be demarcated as traditional use zone to facilitate the use and limit the encroachment into the core areas. 26 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 5.2.2 Management Facility Zone This is the small zone inside the reserve designated or allocated for office infrastructures and accommodation of reserve staff and army personnel. It comprises parts of the Hunting Reserve to facilitate effective protected area management. 5.2.3 Tourism/Recreational Zone Recreational activities are permitted only within this zone. The main objective of managing this zone is to regulate tourism in the core area to minimize the disturbance to wildlife and their habitat and to enhance visitors’ satisfaction through provision of tourist facilities for wilderness experience. Trophy hunting and other tourism activities such as camping, trekking trail are provided within this zone. Areas adjoining trekking routes and camp sites are also included in this zone along with monasteries, temples and other religious sites. 5.2.4 Biodiversity Conservation Zone The biodiversity hotspot zone along with key habitat and connectivity can be categorized as Biodiversity conservation zone. The key objective of this zone is to preserve the suitable habitat for wildlife, manage them and to encourage research and science-based management interventions. 5.3 Theme Plans Of the broad thematic areas; Reserve protection, Anti-poaching, wildlife health management, habitat management, fire management and control and management of encroachment are covered in this chapter. 5.3.1 Protection and Conservation of Biodiversity 5.3.1.1 Reserve Protection Context The Reserve headquarters at Dhorpatan is supported by 1 sector office, 3 range posts and 6 guards posts for protection of the reserve. Regardless of the difficult terrain and limited staffs, regular patrolling activities were conducted by these sector offices and guard posts for reserve protection. But with increase in anthropogenic pressure in the park, the limited sector offices, range and guars posts could not provide adequate protection and hence Nepali Army was deployed. Currently, a company of Nepali Army (NA) is deployed in DHR and based at headquarters of the reserve. Nepal Army is mobilized for protection of the reserve due to an increased threats of illegal activities inside the reserve which was difficult to manage solely by administrative unit of DHR office. Expansion of army posts to other strategic locations will improve security situation of the reserve. Communication and infrastructure development are the prime requirement for creation of a strategic network of security system. Issues • Inadequate alternatives, incentives and mechanism for local people to control illegal activities, • High dependency of local communities on resources within the reserve, 27 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 • Extremely difficult terrain and harsh environmental conditions where frequent, patrolling and monitoring is challenging and costly, • Inadequate guard post in strategic locations, • Inadequate infrastructures and logistics, field gear and equipment suitable for the operation including communication infrastructures, • Regular long-range patrolling by Reserve staff and protection unit is inadequate, • Low level of awareness and coordination with local people for biodiversity conservation. Strategies • Enhancing community engagement • Improving infrastructure development • Improving use of technology and communication Activities • Establish and expand protection units around DHR strategically to mitigate illegal activities mainly at as Niseldhor, Takasera, Ranma, Dule, Jaljala, Maikot, Gurjaghat, and Gurjakhani • Conduct periodic patrolling and monitoring of the hunting blocks during the hunting season by the reserve staff and Army together to ensure that there are no illegal activities • Establish and mobilize community-based anti-poaching units to support security systems • Maintain regular sweeping and patrolling around critical areas and wildlife hotspots in accessible areas and change the time and route of patrol strategically • Construct infrastructures for improving communication in coordination with service providers (BTS towers) • Provide logistic equipment and facilities for operation in high altitude area • Initiate the use of cutting-edge technologies such as conservation drone to monitor key species and their habitat in the reserve. 5.3.1.2 Anti-poaching and intelligence Context The commonly poached wildlife species in DHR are Blue sheep, Himalayan Tahr, Serow and Ghoral. These species are mainly killed for local meat consumption. Other species poached for wildlife parts are Musk deer, Asiatic Black bear and Red panda which are killed for musk pod, gall bladder and skin. Poaching and illegal hunting increase during summer when local herders move their livestock into upper areas of the reserve for grazing. Many traps and snares are commonly found at the end of grazing season. Similarly, cases of retaliatory killings cannot be neglected in and around DHR. However, the reserve does not have a network of informants for 28 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 intelligence gathering at present. Thus, there is a need to develop a network of informants and strengthening their capacity for regular gathering of intelligence information and its use. Issues • Traditional practice of hunting and illegal trade of wildlife parts in surrounding areas even increased with an opening of road network • Lack of intelligence network • Lack of Community Based Anti-Poaching Operation (CBAPO) and absence of community mobilization mechanisms • Inadequate coordination amongst government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and local people of the surrounding districts. Strategies • Community engagement for surveillance • Capacity building • Enhancing local coordination and collaboration Activities • Institutionalize APU and intelligence network • Strengthen intelligence networks • Initiate long-term surveillance of suspected person • Institutionalize Community Based Anti-Poaching Operation (CBAPO) • Provide anti-poaching skill development training to reserve and Army staff • Encourage and mobilize eco-clubs, students, local user group and local clubs against poaching and other illegal activities- awareness campaigns and awareness raising at mass scale. 5.3.1.3 Wildlife health management Context It is estimated that around 80 thousand to 1 million livestocks from surrounding areas graze inside the reserve during the summer (DHR, 2064). Both domestic and wild animals use the same pasturelands during the summer and this immensely increases the risk of disease transmission among the animals. Wild animals may also encounter livestock while straying out of the core area. Since there is the risk of transfer of disease from livestock to wild animals and vice versa, health monitoring and surveillance of animal diseases should be done regularly. Besides, regular and timely immunization of domestic livestock inside as well as around the reserve against the major diseases is needed to prevent disease outbreak. Issues • Large number of livestocks grazing inside the reserve; • Poor livestock health care facilities in remote areas around DHR; 29 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 • Lack of information and studies on wildlife health and disease in DHR; • Inadequate capacity to diagnose and monitor wildlife diseases. Strategies • Coordination with relevant stakeholders and service providers • Infrastructure development for improving facilities • Formulate a protocol for wildlife health monitoring and disease surveillance • Capacity building of staff and communities. Activities • Coordinate with District Livestock Services Office to assess and manage livestock related diseases; • Immunization of livestock against communicable and endemic diseases within the enclave settlements; • Support to establish a Community based veterinary center in key livestock rearing areas; • Build capacity of frontline staff to identify and report disease of wildlife; • Assessment and documentation of wildlife mortality cases; 5.3.2 Habitat management 5.3.2.1 Wetland management Context Conservation of high mountain wetlands has become an increasingly significant global issue due to impacts of climate change in recent years, especially given that these wetlands function as water towers for the World. They are important resting site and habitat for a significant number of migratory and some resident water birds. The high -altitude flora and fauna are important for global biological diversity because there are very few other places where life exists at such high altitudes. The snow-fed Seng, Ghustung and Dogadi Khola originating from the Himalayas are the main aquatic habitat in the area. In addition, some glacial lakes harbor wetland habitat for migratory birds. Water pollution, over-grazing of pastures, unsustainable harvest of natural resources and likely impact of climate change are the major conservation issues that threaten the high-altitude lakes of the reserve. Issues • Poor database of existing wetlands and their biodiversity values; and • Sedimentation due to deterioration of adjoining pastures and grazing areas; Strategies • Mapping, documentation and monitoring of important wetlands • Restoration of wetlands and conservation of key watershed areas 30 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Activities • Detail inventory of existing wetlands and their biodiversity values; • Conduct annual monitoring of important wetlands in the reserve; • Prepare and update location maps and site action plan of wetlands; • Explore religious value of wetlands e.g. Sundaha, Ganhaune Tal (Thagur) and others; • Renovate and restore wetlands which are being disappeared; • Undertake activities to enhance, maintain and restore wetlands including its functions and its diversity; • Conserve watersheds around spring sources and headwaters of rivers and streams through bioengineering, plantation, erosion control; • Forest protection around key wetlands and water sources. 5.3.2.2 Forest management Context Forested area in the lower elevation of reserve provides good habitat for important wildlife. Girdling, lopping and ring barking of trees for traditional use is a common phenomenon in the reserve. The local communities are involved in managing adjoining forests within the DHR as a provision under the Himali PA regulation. This leads to unsustainable harvesting and rapid degradation of forest areas. However, this traditional practice has serious impact on pine and broadleaf forests. Illegal felling of green trees for fuelwood and timber also has serious impacts on habitat quality while causing disturbances to wildlife populations. Issues • High demand of fuelwood and timber, degradation of forest and encroachment in DHR, • Lack of mechanism to determine annual harvestable amount of forest products based on production capacity of the forest, • Over harvesting of high-altitude Rhododendron/Birch forest and nearby the village forest for fuelwood, timber, fodder and roofing planks, • Extracting diyalo from the pine tree for lighting, • Girdling, ring barking and lopping green tree for fodder and fuel wood, • Yearly lopping of Kharsu trees for fodder collection, • Dispute on forest boundary with residents within the reserve area, • No alternative source of energy and people solely depend on forest for cooking and heating rooms, • There is no legal provision of formulating CFUGs to manage nearby forests within the reserve area. Strategies • Encroachment control and management through demarcation, • Community engagement in management of forest resources by revision of regulations and declaration of buffer zone, 31 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 • Promotion of alternative source of fuels, timber and other household consumptions, • Maintain vulgarity of forest. Activities • Prepare inventory and sustainable use plan for major forest products • Provide alternates to fodder, timber and energy for local communities to reduce pressure on forests • Co-ordinate to resolve the boundary dispute between communities which leads to over exploitation of resources. 5.3.2.3 Fire management Context Forest fire is a major threat to biodiversity conservation in human dominated mountain landscapes specially species such as pine, rhododendron, spruce forests. Most of the forests in high mountains are prone to fire. Local people set forest areas on fire during the winter for sprouting palatable grass for domestic livestock. Incidents of forest fire has increased in the reserve in recent years mainly during hot summer seasons due to prolonged drought as well as influx of herders inside the DHR. The main objective of fire management in DHR is to prevent accidental and intentional fire to avoid the adverse impacts on wildlife and its habitat. Issues • Challenges in monitoring cattle herders and poachers due to difficult topography • Inadequate engagement of local communities in forest management inside the reserve due to legal constraints leading to unsustainable resource use • Lack of capacity in DHR to deal with fire situations such as equipments and capacity to control fire hazards Strategies • Fire prone zone mapping • Engage relevant government stakeholders and security forces in fire management • Community engagement in awareness and capacity building Activities • Identify and analyze fire prone areas by using mapping based on satellite imagery; • Conduct training to reserve staff, Army and local people regarding firefighting techniques; • Raise awareness on fire prevention and control at local level through local institutions and media; • Construct fire line in sensitive forests and grasslands to control spread of fire; • Involve local communities to manage the adjoining village forest and remove legal constraints for this purpose; 32 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 • Support forest users to enhance their capacity to combat with forest firing; • Provide incentive and firefighting equipment to forest users to minimize fire hazard; • Co-ordinate with Nepali Army, Nepal Police, local bodies and Medias for fire control. 5.3.2.4 Encroachment Management Context Pasture lands in DHR are used as traditional grazing zone by local communities of surrounding districts including Baglung, Myagdi, East Rukum, Rolpa and Gulmi. Seasonal movement of local herders into the reserve for livestock grazing and summer cropping as a part of transhumance pastrolism system increases encroachment in the reserve each year. They encroach the forest and grassland area for construction of seasonal huts, expansion of farm lands for cultivation of crops such as Potato, Phapar and Jai grass. It is also an emerging phenomenon that construction of roads and trails with inadequate coordination with DHR office results in encroachment of forest areas adjoining these infrastructures. Issues • Poor level of law enforcement • Burgeoning population pressure leading to increasing demand for food production; and • Poorly planned infrastructure development Strategies • Implement existing government policy for encroachment management in coordination with relevant stakeholders • Rehabilitation and restoration of evacuated areas • Coordination and collaboration with local communities and local bodies Activities • Prepare detail database on encroachment inside DHR; • Co-ordinate with stakeholders to manage/evacuate encroached areas; • Regulate infrastructure development (hotels, trekking trails, market centers, etc.) • Rehabilitate/restoration of evacuated areas. 33 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter VI Research, Monitoring and Capacity Building 6.1 Research 6.1 Research Adequate understanding of socio-ecological systems within protected areas is essential to identify major threats and vulnerabilities for conservation and design effective management strategies. Among protected areas in Nepal, DHR is one of the least studied areas due to its difficult terrain and limited logistic facilities. To ensure adequate research areas for use in conservation and management of the reserve, there is a need to collaborate with research and academic institutions in Nepal for multiyear long-term research projects. 6.1.1 Research priorities As DHR is primarily managed for trophy hunting, the research focus will be in areas related to hunting and biodiversity conservation along with areas of buffer zone management as it is at a very early stage. Following are priority research areas for DHR: Hunting Management  Overall impact of trophy hunting on biodiversity conservation  Impact of hunting on blue sheep and Himalayan Tahr population dynamics with a comparative analysis of populations between hunted and protected populations  Population dynamics, habitat and status survey of blue sheep and Himalayan Tahr  Potential of ecotourism especially trophy hunting and other related tourism products Habitat Management  Rangeland management and impact study of grazing in the reserve  Wetland biodiversity and impacts of climate change  Assessments of forest fires in PA management  Encroachment in the reserve  Identification and monitoring of climate indicator species  Impact of infrastructure development and fragmentation of forests on wildlife movements and habitat Species Conservation  Distribution, status, and prey predator and human interface of key species such as Snow leopard and Grey wolf  Baseline survey, population status, and distribution of Red panda, Musk deer  Human wildlife conflict studies in relation to species such as Snow leopard, Grey wolf, Wild dog, Black bear  Species shifts (tree line shifts, species shifts including animals) 34 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Ethno-botany  Baseline inventory of forest timber species, NTFP and medicinal plants with specific focus on key species such as Yarsagumba, Setakchini, Padamchal  Commercial exploitation of NTFP its market and conservation strategy  Socio-cultural effects of natural resource conservation  Status and traditional use practices of medicinal herbs of Tibetan Amchi at Chentung 6.2 Monitoring Wildlife and habitat monitoring on regular basis is very important for adaptive management of protected area. As monitoring provides information on ecological changes based on vital sign, it is highly valuable for PA managers especially in timely identification and addressing of threats and issues. Monitoring will help to assess the effectiveness of PA management and enhance the understanding on ecological processes and function while helping to track changes in species and habitat conditions over time and compare the condition between similar habitats based on ecological baseline; and identify prioity areas for further research. 6.2.1 Population Monitoring The key species whose population needs to be closely monitored include Musk deer, Red panda, Snow leopard and Grey wolf. With the declaration of buffer zone around key hotspots around DHR, population monitoring will also be key to monitor human wildlife conflict cases. Population monitoring of key game animals is of highest priority to ensure a healthy population even after hunting seasons. Similarly, monitoring of forest and wetland birds is also recommended on a regular basis with a focus on monitoring of globally significant and nationally protected birds e.g. cheer pheasant and Himalayan Monal (Danphe). Detailed surveys and population monitoring of poorly documented flora and fauna particularly in climate refugia and climate corridors is also required. During the period, amphibians, reptiles, fishes, butterflies, orchids, and ferns should be prioritized so they can be used as indicators for climate change monitoring. 6.2.2 Habitat Monitoring There is a need to establish long-term permanent monitoring plots in strategic location in DHR to monitor potential changes in habitats with a special focus on rangelands in higher altitudes as they provide the key habitats for game animals especially considering the predicted impacts of climate change on alpine rangelands. The vegetation of different categories needs to be monitored and recorded in these long-term monitoring plots with different levels of human use. Scientific researches are required to better understand the ecology and population status of species threatened as well as sensitive to climate change. There is a need to identify important core areas through landscape-scale zoning exercises and ensuring ecological connectivity among these core areas with climate resilient habitat corridors. 6.2.3 Grazing Monitoring Traditional system of grazing not only causes soil expose and erosion but also degrades wildlife habitat, compacts soil and damages the natural regeneration. To understand livestock 35 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 number and grazing pressure regular monitoring is to be conducted before, during and after the grazing seasons on an annual basis which can also help in management and regulation of pasturelands to ensure that they are not overgrazed and overstocked. 6.2.4 Climate change and Weather Monitoring Climate change is becoming a major issue in PA management, particularly in high Hymnal because of predicted changes and vulnerabil ity of species, ecosystems and human communities. There is no such meteorological station close to DHR. Considering the importance of weather-related data in evaluating management strategies especially in case of high value hunting reserves, it is important to establish at least one meteorological station in a technically feasible location in coordination with Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. 6.2.5 Forest Fire Monitoring DHR is one of the most fire prone area of mountain PA because there are 53 human settlements within the reserve. Thus, it is important to identify, monitor and analyses fire dynamics inside the reserve. 6.2.6 Tourism and visitor facilities As tourism activities are expected to grow in DHR and its proposed buffer zone, monitoring of the status and potential impacts on species, habitats and community benefits will be required. These aspects are discussed in detail in Chapter VIII. 6.3 Capacity Building As reserve staffs need to address a wide range of issues, they also need to be capacitated in relevant context specific areas. A rapid training need assessment may be required for capacity building at various tiers at DHR. Both, horizontal and vertical type of capacity building modalities are needed as per the course objectives. Some of the capacity building activities that are considered important to DHR staff are as follows. Vertical Participant  Team building workshop  Appreciative inquiry  Appreciative Project Planning and Action  Training for community based anti-poaching operation  Orientation training on legal issues  Gender and social inclusion in buffer zone management For Frontline staff  Hunting monitoring training  Wildlife management/handling techniques  Injured animal handling techniques  Basic training on handling of field equipment such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Compass  Training on Real-time Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) patrolling and 36 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 anti-poaching operation  Field techniques for wildlife monitoring and report writing  Orientation training on social mobilization and participatory planning  Basic training on vegetation quantification for recording data in monitoring plots  Wildlife health assessment  Buffer zone management training including Human rights For Rangers  Software applicable for wildlife management, including Geographic Information System (GIS), Statistical Package for Social Science  Certificate course in wildlife management  Training of Trainers (general and specialized)  Participatory planning, monitoring and evaluations  Nature interpretation and display management  Training on Real-time SMART patrolling and anti-poaching operation  Community development, conservation awareness and human rights  Wildlife Crime investigation and legal processing  Buffer zone management including community mobilization and human rights. For Conservation Officers and Chief Conservation Officer  Human resource management and legal procedure including human rights  Participatory planning, monitoring and evaluation  Training course of Diploma standard  Conflict management  Appreciative enquiry  Wildlife Crime investigation Likewise, basic conservation orientation training is needed for Nepali Army/protection unit and special training on conservation and buffer zone management for buffer zone committees. 37 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter VII Species Conservation 7.1 Musk Deer Conservation 7.1 Musk Deer Conservation Status, Significance and Conservation Efforts Musk deers are reported to occupy the middle to the higher mountain regions, which cover 12 PAs of Nepal. Major hotspots include Dahakharka to Gurjaghat in Barse block, Masa and Kang Khola of Phagune Block, northern side of Surtibang block and sparsely distributed in other area of the reserve. However, of the 30177.19 km2 potential habitat, only 19.26 % (5815.08 km2) is inside PAs and the remaining 80.73 % falls outside PAs. Therefore, controlling of poaching, habitat destruction, livestock grazing and forest fire in the musk deer habitat are important challenges for the conservation of musk deer in Nepal (Aryal and Subedi, 2011). Gurjaghat, Gurjakhani, and Jaljala near Barse block, Masa and Kang Khola of Phagune Block, are the most vulnerable sites for musk deer poaching. Livestock frequently uses the musk deer habitat and it was estimated that about 50 % of the musk deer habitat overlaps with livestock grazing areas. Forest fire, encroachment and collection of excess timber, NTFP and firewood also degrade the habitat of musk deer (Aryal and Subedi, 2011). Further, musk deer is a habitat specialist adapted to old-growth subalpine conifer and mixed conifer-broadleaf forests with a dense understory that provides cover and food plants. Although the large trees in the subalpine forests are predicted to be resilient to climate change, the smaller food species such as mosses and lichens could be more sensitive, especially if the forest floor microclimates are altered because of forest degradation due to anthropogenic activities. The latter can act in synergy with climate change and exacerbate the change in vegetation composition and structure. Restricted range distribution in the Himalayas suggests that this species has a narrow physiological tolerance and could be sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Issues  Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation due to forest fire and human pressure  Poaching of musk deer for illegal trade of its musk pod  Competition for forage with livestock  Lack of community ownership and responsibility for species conservation Strategies • Research and assessments on status, distribution and ecology of Musk deer in DHR • Grazing and livestock management • Community engagement in anti-poaching initiatives • Netwroking and coordination with stakeholders around DHR 38 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Activities  Mapping of habitat and conduct research to identify status, distribution, and population ecology of musk deer  Identify and study Climate resilient area and micro-refugia sites and potential connectivities  Prepare a Musk deer conservation action plan for prime habitats  Identify major habitats/potential hotspots of Musk deer in DHR  Evaluate habitat quality of musk deer; access availability of food sources and shelter  Protect and manage critical habitats and connectivities  Provide additional protection to special conservation management zones  Conduct regular monitoring by reserve staff to control poaching  Mobilize local youth to control the poaching of Musk deer from outsiders  Explore Musk deer focused tourism destinations  Minimize the human pressure and livestock grazing in musk deer habitat area. 7.2 Snow Leopard Conservation Status, Significance and Conservation Efforts The status and distribution of snow leopard in DHR is not known in detail, however, the reserve is not only the suitable habitat for snow leopard but also has a good population of prey species such as blue sheep and Tahr. In June 2007 during the field survey of blue sheep and jharal count, signs (pugmark, scat) of snow leopard were observed in Dogadi, Sundaha and Gustung blocks. A primary field survey of snow leopard and its prey was conducted in April 2008 by the reserve office in coordination with WWF Nepal although, a detail field study using Snow Leopard Information Management System is needed to confirm the status and distribution of snow leopard in this reserve. Major threats to the snow leopards include poaching and trapping for its pelt and bones, loss of prey, retaliation for livestock losses, habitat degradation, habitat fragmentation and lack of conservation awareness (Yonzon, 1990). The Snow leopard is a habitat specialist that inhabits the alpine grasslands, scrub above tree line where they hunt large alpine ungulates, especially blue sheep and Himalayan Tahr. Forrest et al (2012) estimate a loss of around 30% of the species habitat due to shifting tree lines and shrinking of the alpine zone mostly along the southern edges. Habitat connectivities with areas outside PAs is an important aspect of Snow leopard conservation (DNPWC 2017). Climate projections predict an upslope shift of the tree line along the Himalayan Mountains in the future reducing the habitat available for the prey species. Warming trends in the high Himalaya that make it suitable for trees could also create conditions that are favourable to horticulture, encouraging people to convert natural alpine habitat into orchards, which can happen in a shorter time-scale than upslope movement of forests. Moreover, as alpine grasslands begin to shrink, the livestock will become confined to smaller areas, increasing stocking density. Wild ungulates that are the snow leopard’s principle prey will become displaced, either through competitive exclusion by livestock or be removed by herders who view wild ungulates as direct competitors with livestock for food. Such decreases in Snow leopard habitats and onset of favourable weather conditions for expansion of agricultural activities brings the species in 39 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 closer confrontation with livestoks and human communities in lower ranges (DNPWC 2017) increasing conflict and retaliatory killing. Issues  Lack of intensive study on prey-predator status and dynamics regarding snow leopard;  Inadequate information/research on status, distribution, interrelationship with domestic animal and ecology of snow leopard in DHR;  Inadequate capacity of reserve staff and local communities in snow leopard conservation including snow leopard and its prey monitoring;  Likely impact of climate change on snow leopards and their habitat (Territorial area overlapping with common leopard);  Unmanaged grazing of livestock poses serious threat to snow leopard habitat;  Poaching of snow leopard and illegal trade of its body parts could be a serious threat;  Human-snow leopard conflict (retaliatory killing by shepherds by using poison) is likely to be one of the serious threats for its survival in DHR;  Inadequate public awareness on snow leopard conservation;  Encounter killing of Snow leopard by domestic dogs of Bhedi Gotha. Strategies • Research and capacity building on Snow leopard biology, behavior and ecosystems • Landuse planning and habitat management • Community engagement through mitigation of human snow leopard conflict and livelihood improvement • Strengthening law enforcement Activities The activities planned below are designed to meet the objectives of the Snow Leopard Conservation Action Plan for Nepal (2017-2021) • Estimate snow leopard population using cutting-edge technologies and best available science in and around the reserve including corridors and connectivities • Research on sympatric carnivores (wolf, common leopard, and wild dog) to understand resource competition, mainly diet and habitat use • Research on Snow leopard habitats and habit use with respect to climate and human-caused stressors including critical corridors and key areas • Carry out periodic monitoring of snow leopard and prey population status, and regular monitoring in important snow leopard habitat through mobilizing citizen scientists, exploring best available methodologies, to evaluate and guide conservation initiatives 40 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 • Intensive management of climate-resilient habitats that are susceptible to human disturbances including unsustainable harvesting of NTFPs • Research on the scale, extent and intensity of human-wildlife conflict, mainly focusing on snow leopards and retaliatory killings including mapping spatio-temporal hotspots of human- Snow Leopard conflicts around DHR • Develop and implement integrated livestock/rangeland management plan in coordination with local herders • Develop and institutionalize community-based insurance scheme and relief delivery mechanism • Provide conflict resolution and management training to staff and communities • Provide support for innovative technologies, predator-proof corrals and alternative livelihoods for local communities including human-snow leopard conflict affected families • Promote indigenous herding practices and sustainable grazing system to avoid competition between snow leopards’ prey and livestock • Establish security posts in strategic locations (e.g. Dule) throughout DHR and its proposed buffer zone • Develop snow-leopard based eco-tourism to increase the value of snow leopards among local communities • Provide capacity building trainings (e.g. Crime Scene Investigation) to protected area and Division Forest Office (DFO) staff, Nepal Police and Nepali Army engaged in curbing wildlife crime • Strengthen intelligence network (informants, information gathering, purchasing information, and communication and travel, and establishing wildlife crime database) • Form and strengthen APOs and CBAPUs in protected areas and surrounding district forests. Conduct awareness raising programs at community level related to conservation laws and wildlife crime. 7.3 Red Panda Conservation7.3 Red Panda Conservation Status, Significance and Conservation Efforts It is estimated that based on habitat suitability index model, approximately 1.9% of the total global population of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is recorded in Nepal. Red panda is patchily distributed within altitudinal range between 2,500 m and 4,000 m from east to west in temperate and sub-alpine zones of eastern Himalayas from eastern Nepal through Bhutan, India, and Burma to southern Tibet and western Yunnan Province of China. Its habitat is typically characterized by the presence of mixed deciduous and coniferous forests with a bamboo-thicket understory (Aryal et al. 2012). In Nepal, red panda is protected by the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act (1973). Though the status and distribution of Red Panda is not assessed in DHR, a study in 2012 reported the presence of red panda based on sightings, existing signs and scats. Red pandas were found in Khopriban, Sivaodhar area of Barse block in Baglung and Myagdi; Surtibang and Dija khung of Surtibang block in Baglung; 41 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Kanga khung, Masa khung, and Thakur area of Fagune block in Baglung; along the riverbank forests of Ghustang block (Ranma maikot and Gurjakhani of the Rukum and Myagdi); around Sengkhola and Dule of Seng block in East Rukum; and in Sundaha block. The Doghadi block was not considered potential habitat for the red panda, because of limited forest cover associated potential red panda habitat. However, the lower belt of the forest area (< 10 km2) the block was suitable habitat for red panda. The south face of the Surtibang peak of Baglung and Lalpatan of East were identified as potential habitat for red panda outside of the reserve, and they were surveyed for signs of red panda and livestock (Aryal et al. 2012). The study also reported that 75% of habitat of the red pandas were dominated by forest and 16% by shrub. The habitat survey ranged in elevation from 2300 to 4380 m. across the reserve The study concluded that livestock grazing and human activities such as collection of fuel wood, timber, mushrooms, and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs) by local herders and local people were significantly higher in habitats where signs of pandas were recorded than in areas where they were absent. This habitat overlap between the red panda and livestock potentially poses a major threat to the survival of red panda in the reserve. Further, climate change is a critical factor for red panda conservation considering the species to be a habitat specialist which relies on specific food source, primarily feeding on bamboos. Any potential impacts on the habitat conditions and food source through frequent droughts, changes in hydrological patterns and shifts in vegetation could create new threats for the species. Issues  Inadequate information on status and distribution of red panda in DHR,  Poaching of red panda in DHR is prevalent,  Disturbance and degradation of red panda habitat due to livestock and human activities,  Forest fires in bamboo forests,  Ecology and behavior of red panda in DHR is not studied well,  Killing of red panda by stray dog. Strategies  Research and capacity building  Habitat management  Community engagement in anti-poaching  Designate restricted areas/or specified red panda zone within the reserve Activities  Conduct red panda presence/absence surveys across the potential habitat area and detailed status and distribution surveys  Regulate grazing and prohibit domestic dogs in red panda habitat  Control human activities from critical red panda habitat through promotion of alternative 42 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 sources and livelihood strategies  Manage forest fires through mobilization of local communities  Conduct regular patrolling by reserve staff to control the poaching of red panda  Implement programs for rotational grazing and/or stall feeding  Intervene for rangeland management and forage development activities to reduce grazing pressure around red panda habitats  Rehabilitate degraded range areas and develop protection sites for forage species  Conduct feasibility studies on potential sites for red panda-based ecotourism  Develop guidelines to design and operate community-based ecotourism projects to support red panda conservation  Organize awareness events and community outreach program at the local level through eco-clubs, conservation education events, workshops and interactions. 7.4 Other small mammals, birds, reptile, fish and amphibians 7.4 Other small mammals, birds, reptile, fish and amphibians As DHR has limited information on many species other than the ones hunted for trophies, there is a need to strengthen research and knowledge base for species such as Grey wolf, Himalayan serow, pheasants, clouded leopard and Himalayan black bear. It is also important to update the lists of flora and fauna of DHR. 43 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter VIII Tourism and Interpretation 8.1 Background8.1 Background 8.1.1 Tourism scenario Protected areas of Nepal offer important destination especially for nature-based tourism and are also a means to raise conservation awareness among visitors and local communities to generate public support for conservation. Therefore, tourism in protected area should be developed and managed at a level that benefits conservation and it is evident that tourism generates revenue for conservation and conservation encourages tourism. Sustainability of conservation will be ensured if local livelihood is supported by tourism. The then His Majesty’s Government of Nepal opened the southern region of Dolpa in May 1989 and upper Dolpa in October 1992 including southern part of Shey - Phoksundo National Park for foreigners. Since then certified trekking companies have conducted trekking expeditions and the number of tourists entering Dolpa via Dhorpatan has increased intermittently but the facilities (means of transportation and communication, campsites, lodges, trekking routes) are limited in the reserve which is also supported by the following figure which gives information regarding the annual visitors to the reserve. Figure 1. Tourist Record in DHR (Source: DHR /DNPWC) DHR is a potential destination for tourists due to its wilderness and unique landscapes ranging from middle-mountains to high Himal but its remoteness, poor infrastructure, inadequate services and lack of proper tourist routes have been a key issue for promotion of tourism in the area. Hence, tourism activities are limited to trophy hunting attracting limited number of foreigners as of now. The main objectives of tourism management in DHR is to identify tourism attractions, develop and improve tourism infrastructures, conduct and sustain tourism activities and facilities in the reserve and community development zone in close coordination with local communities and key stakeholders including local bodies. In terms of developing 44 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 sustainable eco-tourism, reserve needs to develop tourism action plan with the engagement of local communities in ways to promote new tourism development initiatives in their villages providing awareness to the local people and better services for tourists. Map 5. Existing and proposed infrastructure facilities for tourism promotion in DHR 8.1.2 Interpretation facilities The main objective of resource interpretation in protected area is to assist visitors in developing satisfaction, appreciation and understanding of the natural and cultural resources of an area. At present, there is only one visitor information center with limited information about nature and culture of the area in general at the reserve headquarters. Similar facilities should be extended in the adjoining potential tourism entry points and community development zones as well. 8.1.3 Issues  Inadequate study on feasibility and possibilities of tourism destinations and products in the reserve  Lack of tourism infrastructures (e.g. homestays, nature guide, hotels, lodges, camping sites, trekking trails, road (Including Dhorpatan-Gurjaghat, Gurjaghat-Jaljala, Dhorpatan Nisildhor, Nisildhor-Takasera, Dhorpatan-Deurali) information centers, view towers) within the reserve  Lack of ecotourism awareness among local communities  Inadequate communication and transportation facilities 45 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81  Inadequate promotion of natural, cultural and historical sites within and around DHR Strategies • Tourism promotion and diversification through identification of potential destinations and products in consultation with national and local stakeholders, • Infrastructure development to provide basic facil it ies to visitors in the form of accommodation, trails, transportation and communication, • Capacity development of local communities and stakeholders in promotion, hospitality, nature guide and related fields, community engagement for livelihood improvement and impact minimization in tourism. 8.2 Tourism Management8.2 Tourism Management 8.2.1 Institutional Setup It is vital to establish a dedicated focal person or a unit which looks after management of eco-tourism and conservation education in the reserve and surrounding communities. The dedicated unit should be responsible to oversee tourism and interpretation related facilities and activities. Furthermore, design and implementation of regulatory framework for tourism service to ensure eco-friendly practices are required. To provide better service to visitors, staff capacity needs to be improved and enhanced by providing orientation training. Coordination with adjoining municipalities and engagement of local communities is required to develop an institutional setup and infrastructures necessary for tourism promotion in and around the reserve. 8.2.2 Tourism impact minimization With the influx of tourism in a certain destination, certain changes in the environment, society and culture and economy as tourism impacts are inevitable which can have both positive or negative negative. The major impacts of tourism promotion and growth is solid waste generation, pollution and socio-cultural degradation. Tourism has not had significant negative impacts in DHR till now though there are issues of solid waste due to trophy hunting expeditions. However; if mitigation measures are not adopted in a timely manner, tourism activities can adversely affect the natural, cultural and economic environment of the reserve. In order to minimize negative impacts following strategies are recommended.  Study the impact of existing and potential growth in tourism on surrounding environment, society and culture, wildlife and its habitat,  Demarcate recreational/tourism zone and core biodiversity conservation zones  Promote low volume high value tourism as a strategy for sustainable tourism promotion  Develop action plan to manage and minimize negative impact such as solid waste, noise and pollution or other sources of pollution  Provide environmental awareness to local communities of buffer zones,  Promote fuel and energy efficient technologies along tourist routes and impact zones, 46 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81  Promote waste segregation and management strategies,  Promote local culture-based tourism to mitigate impacts of socio-economic changes because of external influence,  Provide incentive to install micro hydro plants to reduce the demand of fuelwood for cooking and room heating. 8.2.3 Diversification of tourism products/activities Tourism in DHR is largely focused on trophy hunting. To diversify tourism, a wider range of products and activities need to be promoted to attract visitors of different categories for long durations and high budgets. Various recreational activities such as short duration bird watching, hiking, trekking, home stays and cultural shows need to be designed whereas longer duration mountaineering expeditions, trekking and wildlife sighting trips need to be explored and promoted. Following activities are suggested for tourism diversification in DHR:  Assess and promote potential social, cultural and natural tourism attractions in DHR and surrounding communities,  Improve basic facilities such as trekking routes, signage, camping sites, drinking water and security by engaging local communities around key areas in collaboration with local authorities and key stakeholders,  Promote accommodation facilities at key locations of Jaljala (Myagdi), Phagune (Baglung) and Thagur and Kayemdanda (East Rukum) following the provisions of NPWC Act,  Open Churen Himal expeditions packages  Explore and promote trekking routes via Beni to Gurjakhani, Maikot upto Sisne Himal and back to Taksera and Dhorpatan  Promote adventure tourism such as horse riding, Danphe watching, paragliding; hiking, rock climbing, Himal expedition, skiing at Phagune and Barse area  Conserve and maintain cultural heritage and indigenous architecture to promote eco tourism in DHR;  Identify and promote homestay facilities in appropriate communities around traditional villages of Lulangkhoriya, Gurjakhani, Chentung, Dhorpatan, Maikot, Taksera Promote cultural tour to experience Tibetan culture at Chentung  Engage local communities and youths as nature guides and build their capacity. 8.2.4 Nature interpretation Nature interpretive program help visitors to improve their ability to understand nature and provide opportunities to establish direct contact with nature and natural resources. Furthermore, nature interpretation makes visitors aware of the surrounding area and gives them a better understanding and importance of natural environment. Following Nature 47 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Interpretation activities are proposed for DHR.  Develop and expand visitor information center at Dhorpatan and other entry routes providing basic interpretation facilities;  Provide nature guides training on nature interpretation focusing on plants and bird identification;  Operate multi-purpose souvenir shops to promote biodiversity conservation and local products such as sheep wool;  Conduct informal nature conservation education program in community development zone;  Conduct and enhance ‘Eco-club’ program in schools of adjoining areas on specific nature conservation course for informal education;  Develop and conduct guided nature walk and nature camp program for school students of buffer zone;  Provide interpretive talk program focusing school student, visitors and local people about biodiversity conservation;  Celebrate special day through various conservation awareness activities with the participation of all stakeholders at local level. 48 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 49 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter IX Special program 9.1 Rangeland Management9.1 Rangeland Management Context Livelihood of Himalayan people depends on rangeland-based livestock farming in Nepal. It is estimated that over 1.7 million ha. of land is considered as rangelands, which comprises approximately 11.5 percent of the total land resources on Nepal. Out of total area under rangelands, over 98 percent is in high hills, middle mountains and High Mountains. Overall rangeland contributes to 11.5 percent of total livestock feed supply. In high altitude Himalayan areas above, 2,500 m contribution of rangelands in feed supply is more than 65 percent (LRMP, 1986). DHR consists of temperate and subalpine rangelands and alpine meadows. It is estimated that about 50 % of the reserve area is covered by rangelands (locally known as Buki) rich in herbaceous vegetation. Along with threats from overgrazing and conversions, the subalpine rangelands and alpine meadows are the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change as they are maintained by extreme climatic parameters, including long periods under snow cover and a short vegetation period (Ramming et al. 2009). Climate change models predict longer, warmer growing seasons in these alpine areas, creating environmental conditions favourable for different vegetation types. The climate change models predict an upslope migration of the tree line into the current Map 6. Resilient patches of the vegetation types in 2050 under the A2A climate projection scenario. 50 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 alpine zone (Forrest et al. 2012). Field observations have identified and confirmed the model predictions in several areas across the Himalaya, where the tree line has been moving upslope (Kunwar 2011). Consequently, the alpine rangelands in the reserve could become fragmented and spatially constricted. Uncertainty in precipitation regimes (i.e., how much, when, and for how long) that can result in extended drought periods can increase the likelihood of fires in the alpine scrub zone including uncontrolled fires set by herders to create alpine pastures for livestock. Map 6 shows the current and projected distribution of ecological vegetation in the reserve. These patches represent the areas where the vegetation composition is not expected to change under the A2A climate projection and does not represent forest loss or fragmentation due to non-climate related anthropogenic drivers (Thapa et al. 2015). If alpine rangelands become smaller and the grazing season becomes longer because of the favourable climatic conditions, the grazing pressure will increase as the stocking density increases and the grazing period becomes longer, placing more grazing pressure on these fragile habitats. Furthermore, local people state that domestic animals displace the blue sheep to higher elevation. In addition, large number of local people entering the reserve for yarsagumba collection are degrading these rangelands. Issues Major issues regarding the rangeland or pastureland management in DHR are:  Dispute on users’ right on rangeland resources and high grazing pressure;  Lack of study of carrying capacity, nutrient cycling and ecological aspects of rangelands dynamics;  Deterioration of rangelands and associated forests due to over grazing and uncontrolled fire and invasive alien species;  Lack of community awareness and social ownership in rangeland management;  Monopoly of grazing fee collection by local elites with no support service;  Increasing encroachment for agriculture expansion (apple orchards, potato and wheat);  Customary rules of traditional grazing practices (e.g. rotational grazing) are weakening leading to an imbalance in livestock grazing over rangelands;  Intrusion of invasive/ unpalatable species in rangelands due to excessive grazing by livestock;  Shorting of growing season of rangeland grasses due to decreasing snowfall and pre monsoon rainfall;  Very high anthropogenic pressure in Yarsagumba producing area. Strategies • Research, awareness and capacity building • Encroachment control • Promote community engagement and benefit sharing mechanism • Rangeland improvement through active management 51 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Activities  Map, zone, and manage alpine rangelands and sub-alpine forests, invasive alien species and monitor for changes, including conversion of forests into rangelands  Map and monitor key floral species such as Fir (Abies) dominated forests that could move upslope, Blue pine (Pinus wallachiana) that could become physiologically stressed from climate change and become susceptible to disease or insect pests, and stands of birch (Betula utilis) to prevent invasion into important alpine rangelands  Map rangelands to identify important, connected, and climate resilient alpine habitats and secure these for a ‘no regrets’ conservation strategy  Identify and establish connectivities with alpine habitats outside the reserve for possible linkages and conservation  Establish permanent research plots to study rangeland ecology or productivity of Poa spp. under different treatments  Control livestock number through rotational grazing in main rangelands  Control forest fire by regular monitoring following appropriate fire control measures  Conduct conservation awareness among Gothala or herders  Conduct regular monitoring and control encroachment  Impose traditional rangeland practices for sustainable use of rangelands;  Control invasive/ unpalatable species in rangelands. 9.2 Yarsagumba and NTFP management9.2 Yarsagumba and NTFP management Context DHR is rich in some high-value NTFPs such as atis, kutki, panchaunle, yarsagumba/yartsa gunbu, padamchal, bhutley/jatamansi, khirauli and samayo, which are harvested by most of the households while communities from adjoining areas also come into DHR during harvesting seasons. Among them, khiraulo is also cultivated in private lands whereas yarsagumba is distributed in isolated patches across an altitude of 3,000 m. to 5,000 m. in rangelands of high Himalayan region of Nepal. Government of Nepal had imposed a ban on collection, use, sale, distribution, transportation and export of Yarsagumba till 2001. Since then it can be traded in raw or processed form with the permission from the government on payment of royalty. In the last couple of years, harvesting and trade of Yarsagumba has increased with the increase in its publicity, market price and entry of businessmen in the trade which was largely managed by local people in the past. Due to decreasing harvest, growing demand and rising prices, there is a steep competition among collectors leading to rampant degradation of rangelands. Yarsagumba collectors come from surrounding districts of Baglung, East Rukum and Myagdi in all the 20 major pastures across the seven hunting blocks. It was estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba can be collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. Similarly, khiraulo/setakchini is a highly potential income source for local communities of the proposed bufferzone as it is also cultivated in private lands and has a growing market, but additional assessments are necessary sustainable harvesting of the species. 52 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Issues  Inadequate knowledge of distribution, sustainable harvesting volumes and phenology of yarsagumba and key NTFPs like padamchal and khiraulo  Very high number of people entering DHR during collection season  Unmanaged collection of entry fee by local elite groups leading to disputes  Inadequate information on actual number of people entering the parks and volume of yarsagumba harvested leading to unsustainable harvesting and degradation of pastures  Inadequate human resources and infrastructures to monitor harvesting seasons and due to inaccessibility and limited staffs it is difficult to monitor all the potential areas  Solid waste generation following the collection season  Inadequate monitoring leading to poaching incidents  Soil erosion due to haphazard digging along slopes. Strategies • Research and studies on distribution, allowable harvesting and management of human pressure on potential distribution range of Yarsagumba, setakchini, padamchal, kutki, jatamasi etc.; • Formulate locally appropriate policies, plans and code of conducts in line with the Yarsagumba collection and transportation directive; • Design locally feasible mechanisms for regulation of harvesting and transportation of Yarsagumba and key NTFPs including setakchini and padamchal; • Formulate mechanisms to manage waste generated during harvesting season; • Watershed management for control of soil erosion; • Build capacity of local colllectors, reserve staffs and security personnel on sustainable harvesting. Activities  Assessments of yarsagumba and key NTFPs (Khiraulo, jatamasi, padamchal) ecology, distribution and production at potential sites and prepare GIS maps;  Formulate Yarsagumba and NTFP harvest regimes and protocols with appropriate monitoring, regulations, and awareness programs to ensure long-term conservation and sustainabile harvesting;  Conduct value chain analyses, and market promotions to ensure high quality low volume harvesting for optimal value addition and sustainability;  Regulate sustainable/or optimized grazing and harvesting practices through community based stewardship programs;  Explore appropriate sites for plantations and ex-situ cultivation strategies of high-value NTFPs such as khiraulo, padamchal and initiate farming of Yasragumba artificially;  Limit the quota for number of collectors and collection blocks to minimize excessive harvesting at rangelands and wildlife habitats;  Devise mechanisms for solid waste management;  Identify and implement soil/slope stabilization techniques;  Strengthen monitoring during collection periods engaging buffer zone communities through establishing seasonal check posts/camps (e.g. Dule); 53 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81  Provide training on techniques of harvesting to harvesters/collectors so that they can effectively harvest mature Yarsagumba for better standard and quality, hence obtain better income;  Provision of trust and relief funds for human casualties and reserve staffs (civilian and security forces). 9.3 Climate change adaptation9.3 Climate change adaptation Context Global climate change is now recognized as an important driver of ecological change though the specific impacts on natural ecosystems. Recent assessments have predicted that the average annual temperature in the Himalayas will increase faster than the global average, and precipitation patterns are also expected to change (Shrestha et al. 2012). Climate change is expected to cause changes to the distribution and composition of plant species in forest and grassland ecosystems (Kelly and Goulden 2008). Field studies have detected upslope shifts in tree species along the tree line in the Nepal Himalaya (Dubey et al. 2003, Gaire et al. 2011, Suwal 2010, Gaire et al. 2013). Changes in habitat will also affect faunal biodiversity and the habitat specialist species will be most vulnerable to climate change as they require very specific habitats, host and food plants and environmental conditions (temperature, shade/ sunlight, moisture, humidity, etc.). Several species of conservation importance in the reserve are vulnerable to climate change. These include red panda, musk deer, Himalayan Tahr, snow leopard, clouded leopard, Grey wolf, lynx, vultures and pheasants, Fir, Silver fir, and Blue pine. In general, habitat specialist species with a narrow distribution and a longer generation time, dependent on seasonal patterns that trigger key life events are comparatively more vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is expected to influence the structure and composition of the habitats for red panda, musk deer, snow leopards, grey wolf, and blue sheep. The strategies and activities for species are covered under the respective sections for habitats, rangelands and species conservation. Tree species such as Fir are sensitive and responsive to climate change due to a narrow distribution bound by elevation and physiological tolerances to environment and are already showing an upslope movement in Nepal. Blue pine is also considered to be sensitive to climate change and become physiologically maladaptive and susceptible to diseases and pests, causing diebacks in areas of its current range. The alpine rangelands, glaciers and glacial lakes, and wetlands (including rivers, rivulets, springs, ponds and lakes) are the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change in DHR and its surrounding. The reserve consists of temperate, subalpine rangelands and alpine meadows covering an estimated 50% of DHR above the forest zones that support several endangered and endemic species and are also very important for sustaining local livelihoods as the economy depends mainly on agriculture, animal husbandry and NTFPs (the latter two are highly dependent on the rangelands within the reserve). Some of the major NTFPs widely harvested in the reserve are Atis, Setakchini, Kutki, padamchal, panchaunle, Samayo, Jatamansi, and Yarsagumba. Farmers in and around DHR largely cultivate buckwheat and potato in the lowlands using rain fed methods. Agricultural practices and crops are also considered to be vulnerable, especially 54 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 as water availability during the appropriate times and in appropriate amounts can change with climate change. Changing temperature regimes will also affect crops. Changes in rainfall patterns could thus decrease agriculture productivity. These potential impacts on agriculture practices and rangelands will consequently affect the NTFP-based livelihoods. There are limited built infrastructures in the reserve mainly in the form of existing and upcoming rural roads, settlements, and planned hydropower. Rural roads are the most vulnerable infrastructures considering the design and alignment. Issues • Inadequate knowledge and research on likely impact of climate change on species, ecosystems and human communities and their livelihood; • Degradation of key habitats such as rangelands, wetlands and unique habitats; • Changes in hydrological patterns impacting agricultural practices; • Disastrous effects on human lives with flooding resulting from flash flood during the summer threatening human settlements downstream; • Widening rangeland gully because of degradation of forests and landscapes due to high intensity rainfall; • Decrease in water availability during the pre-monsoon period; • Vulnerability to fire hazards in the dry forests every year; • Shifting Blue sheep and snow leopard habitat upwards with increasing temperature; • Decrease in agricultural productivity (e.g. mushroom) due to decreasing soil moisture; • Decrease in production of NTFPs, and • Decreasing snowfall and shorting the period of monsoon rainfall during the summer. Strategies • Strengthen knowledge and research capacity to support DHR management; • Reduce threats to the most vulnerable species and their habitats; • Conserve important ecosystems to maintain ecological integrity; • Reduce vulnerability of communities from natural disasters; • Engage local communities as conservation stewards; • Promote sustainable use of forests, rangelands, and NTFPs; • Enhance local livelihoods through expansion of on-farm and off-farm economic opportunities to diversify livelihoods including livestock management system; • Support maintenance and rehabilitation of community infrastructure. 55 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Activities: • Control existing pressure such as overgrazing and over-harvesting on rangelands through engaging local communities in management of these high-value resources, • Reduce proximate threats that degrade habitat quality or increase stresses on populations, • Identify the climate resilient habitats for species of concern, such as musk deer, snow leopard, gray wolf, brown bear, and blue sheep and secure these areas for their protection, • Identify and secure connectivity and corridors with climate refugia and alpine habitats outside the reserve, • Encourage plantation of native species in degraded lands, but promote climate resilient species, or species that are hardy to harsh environmental conditions, • Control rangeland and forest fire and practice prescribed burning of rangelands, • Prepare guidelines for sustainable harvesting of firewood, timber, NTFPs/MAPs and other plant resources for both domestic and commercial purposes from community forests and multiple use forests, • Support production and distribution of timber and NTFP/MAP seedlings/cuttings for private and community plantations including setakchini. Especially promote in-situ cultivation of climate resilient species of trees and high-value NTFPs, • Reforest degraded, climate vulnerable areas with fast-growing tree and plant species, especially on slopes that are vulnerable to erosion and landslides, • Encourage establishment of forests in private and community lands to meet demands of forest products by both local communities and for local enterprises. Promote use of climate resilient high-value trees (e.g. species such as Yew [Taxus] that have medicinal value and are resilient to climate change), • Improve value chain analyses and market linkages for value addition, • Strengthen institutional capacity at local level to develop local stewardship on protecting, managing and sustainably use of forest resources, • Build capacity of local youths as local resource persons or as citizen scientists to use them during monitoring of vulnerable species, ecosystem and habitat, • Ensure adequate measures in designing upcoming infrastructure, and that sites are selected in areas that are not exposed and vulnerable to climate change-related natural disasters, • Develop local irrigation systems using small reservoirs to hold and release water in a regulated and sustained way, • Improve and introduce livestock breeds adapted to warmer climatic conditions as a pilot adaptation strategy, • Mapping of areas prone to flooding and landslides and conduct awareness and safety programs, including emergency rescue and treatment exercises. • Install and pilot early warning systems in areas vulnerable to natural disasters, • Prevent unplanned settlements in environmentally sensitive areas and encourage integrated resettlement from prone zones, • Establish multipurpose community buildings to facilitate local community in the affected 56 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 areas in the case of flash flood disasters, • Establish and strengthen community-based disaster management committees • Conserve water sources by using indigenous technology eg. fencing at certain area surrounding the water source and plant local tree species, • Renovate/restore wetlands within and near reserve area; • Construct water harvesting structures in the village situated nearby the flooding river. 57 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter X Sport Hunting Management 10.1 Background 10.1 Background Species and their habitat conservation are an important part of protected area management to maintain either natural ecosystems or for recreational purposes. Utilization of wild animals can be divided in two broad categories: consumptive and non-consumptive use. A general perception is that non-consumptive use is more compatible with ecosystem as compared to consumptive use, but both forms of use have positive and negative aspects. Non-consumptive use includes establishing protected areas and generating revenue through tourism. Consumptive use is often divided into subsistence meat hunting by local communities and recreational meat hunting and trophy hunting. In wildlife management, big game harvest is considered as one of the tools for sustainable utilization and maintaining a healthy population of the game animals. Trophy hunting management is to maximize the off take of trophy animals’ usually older males from the population. An animal sold as a trophy has a market value many times higher than the meat and skin of the same animal. Many wildlife biologists suggest that the market for safari hunting is larger and far valuable from skin and meat hunting. Therefore, trophy hunting has a potential to generate bigger revenue for many biodiversity hotspot countries from the developing world. 10.2 Past and present management practices10.2 Past and present management practices 10.2.1 Trophy hunting in DHR Nepal Trophy hunting in Nepal was systematized after the declaration of six royal hunting reserves in 1969. Currently, among the national parks and reserves in Nepal, DHR is the only reserve that has been set aside for trophy hunting. There are two hunting seasons in DHR; Autumn (October 1 to December 15) and spring (February 15-May 15). The safari operators tend to use some blocks exclusively in the spring season, and other only in autumn. The spring hunting season ends close to the lambing time of the blue sheep and the autumn season ends close to the rut. The duration of hunting season largely depends on the number of hunters. The NPWC Regulation 1974 provides permission to trophy hunting to both Nepali citizens and foreigners when they meet all the legal and administrative procedures. However, it is mandatory for foreign trophy hunters to be accompanied by certified professional Nepali guides. There are 8 authorized professional hunting operators who provide facilities and services to foreigners in Nepal (Table 6). 58 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Table 5: Registered Hunting Operators in Nepal S N Name of the Organization 1 Nepal Wildlife Adventure (1974) 2 Himalayan Safaris Pvt Ltd (1976) 3 Tracks and Trails (1997) 4 Nepal Wildlife Safari Pvt Ltd (2008) 5 Global Safaris Nepal Pvt Ltd (2014) 6 Open Nepal Wildlife Safari and Trek Pvt Ltd (2014) 7 Nepal Hunting Safari Pvt Ltd (2011) 8 Nepal Nepal Trave Expidition Pvt. Ltd. (2017) (Source DHR/DNPWC, 2018) Population surveys for game animals and other key species are also conducted based on these hunting blocks to determine a hunting quota every year. DNPWC has allocated an annual quota of 26 blue sheep and around 14 Himalayan tahr for trophy hunting in DHR since 1976. But the allocated hunting quota is usually never reached since 1980. Blue sheep trophies are preferred over Tahr and the overall demand for Blue sheep is also increasing as compared to Tahr. Trophy hunting was disrupted during insurgency due to security issues from 1998 to early 2006. It re-started again with the initiation of Safari Outfitters after Peace Agreement in 2006. A maximum of 96.15% of the annual quotas was harvested in the year (2014/015). Table 6: Population Status of Blue Sheep in DHR Year No. of blue sheep observed No. of herds of blue sheep Average herd size Average apparent density /km 2 2016 2202 83 26.53 4.22 2011 1648 98 15.00 3.11 2007 852 73 10.95 1.45 1990 1346 84 15.00 2.50 (Source: DHR). 10.2.2 Hunting block division and quotas Per Wegge (1976) suggested the division of hunting reserve into blocks to regulate hunting and manage population dynamics. Initially, DHR was divided into five blocks namely: Phagune, Barse, Gustung, Dogadi and Seng which were divided around major rangelands. Two more blocks; Sundaha, west of Seng block and Surtibang, south of Phagune block were added (Map 7). The detail of boundary of hunting blocks are given in the (Annex 11). 59 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 While considering blocks, a maximum of 30 blue sheep were hunted in Dogadi block during the five-year period (2011/12 – 2015/16). On an average, 81.54% of annual quotas have been utilized in past five consecutive years (2011/12 – 2015/16). The trend of use of annual blue sheep quotas has increased from average one third during the period 1992-1998 to two third in 2007-2011 and to four fifth in 2011-2015. It indicates that hunting demand of blue sheep is increasing. Based on the size of rangelands, population dynamics and associated characterstics within these blocks, hunting quota for Blue sheep and Tahr is determined (Table 6, 7 and 8). Table 7: Hunting Block and Hunting Quota of Blue Sheep in DHR SN Name of the Block Area Km2 Hunting Quota of Blue sheep 1976 1990 2007 2011 2016 1 Phagune 327 4 4+0 4+0 4 1+1 2 Barse 167 4 4+2 4+2 5 1+1 3 Ghustung 201 4 4+0 4+0 6 4+1 4 Dogadi 199 6 6+2 6+2 8 5+1 5 Seng 138 4 4+1 4+0 5 5+1 6 Sundaha 145 4 4+1 4+2 2 3+1 7 Surtibang 148 - - - - Total 1325 26 26+6=32 26+6=32 30 19+6=25 (Source DHR/DNPWC) Map 7 Hunting blocks in DHR 60 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 The following table provides block-wise annual harvest information of blue sheep in DHR. Table 8: Numbers of Blue Sheep Harvested in Different Blocks of DHR Blocks Annual quota FY (2011/012) FY (2012/013) FY (2013/014) FY (2014/015) FY (015/016) Total harvest Sundaha 4 4 1 2 2 2 11 Seng 4 4 3 4 3 4 18 Dogadi 6 7 5 5 7 6 30 Ghustung 4 1 4 2 6 3 16 Barse 4 1 3 4 3 4 15 Phagune 4 2 3 3 4 4 16 Total 26 19 19 20 25 23 106 Utilized % 73.07% 73.07% 76.93% 96.15% 88.46% (Source: DHR/DNPWC) Data shows that only 40 tahrs were hunted in six consecutive years between 1992/93 and to 1997/98 on a regular basis. It is 47.62% of total hunting permission. In three consecutive years from 2008/09 to 2010/11, 34 tahrs were harvested. It is 80.95% of total hunting permission and 26.98% per year. In 2008/09, 18 (128.5%s) of total permitted tahr were harvested. This shows over harvesting of the species this year. In Surtibang block 2 tahrs were harvested in 2008/09 but 9 were hunted in 2009/10. It indicates random hunting of tahr resulting in halting hunting in this block till now. Harvesting pattern indicates that demand is much lower than the allowable trophy hunting quotas (Table 10). Only seven (47.62%) of the annual quota of the tahr were used up in 1990s. On an average, 67.46% of annual quotas were utilized in past nine years (2008/09-2016/17). In previous six years, 60.71% of total permitted tahr or 51 individuals were harvested. It means 8.5 tahr were consumed annually during that time. In Fagune block, 25 tahrs were hunted during the period. A maximum of 78.57 % of annual quota was consumed in 2014/015. It was the highest number hunted among all the blocks. As this block is very near and easy to access from Dhorpatan, hunting outfitters could have favored it. Table 9: Numbers of tahr harvested in different blocks of DHR Block CAQ 2008 /009 2009 /2010 2010 /011 011 /012 012 /013 013 /014 014 015 015 016 016 017 Total harvested 08/09 016/017 Total harvested 092/093 097/098 Sundaha 2 0 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 11 7 Seng 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 2 0 8 11 Dogadi 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 2 0 9 6 Ghustung 6 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 3 17 6 Phagune 5 0 1 3 3 4 4 4 1 25 6 Barse 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 Surtibang 2 9 Hunting not allowed after 2009/010 11 Total 14 18 11 5 10 7 8 11 10 5 85 40 Utilized % 128.5 78.57 35.72 71.43 50.00 57.14 78.57 71.43 35.72 67.46 47.62 (Source: DHR/ DNPWC)Note: CAQ=Current annual quota, 2016/017=BS 2073/074, 2015/016=BS 61 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 2072/073, 2014/015=BS 2071/072 and so on. Sources: DHR (2072, 2073, 2074), DNPWC (2074) and DHR and DNPWC (unpublished data). Since the second hunting season of FY 2067/2068 BS, DNPWC initiated open bidding for blue sheep hunting. The bidding price ranges from a minimum of NPR 41,000.00 to NPR 97,000.00 for one blue sheep. There is significant increase in bidding compare to the past without bidding. The following table gives the revenue collected during the last five years from trophy hunting in DHR. Table 10: Revenue generated by DHR and DNPWC in last five years Fiscal Year Revenue generated by DHR from other sources Revenue generated by DNPWC from hunting Total Revenue of DHR 069/070 432108.00 070/071 426952.61 4057000.00 4483952.60 071/072 360945.18 16728106.00 17099051.10 072/073 367362.92 12971600.00 13338962.90 073/074 475370.00 14952250.00 15427620.00 (Source: DNPWC/DHR) Table 11 Government’s price tag on trophy of Blue Sheep and Himalayan Tahr Hunting Animal Govt. tag price before 2070 Govt. tag price after 2074 Nepalese Foreigner Nepalese Foreigner Blue Sheep NPR 5000,00 NPR.40000.00 NPR.10000.00 NPR. 100000.00 Tahr NPR. 3000.00 NPR, 20000.00 NPR.7000.00 NPR.50000.00 (Source: DNPWC/DHR) Issues • Inadequate information on some isolated population of game animals eg. in Surtibang • High livestock grazing pressure during the summer in hunting areas; • Rangeland degradation due to unregulated NTFP esp. Yarsagunba collection; • Poaching of game animal due to remoteness and poor community support. • Lack of necessary communication equipment for regular monitoring of hunting; • Poor access trails between and among hunting blocks limiting adequate monitoring; • Inadequate monitoring of hunting expeditions leading to exploitation of trees during hunting periods; • Inadequate mechanisms to engage local communities in hunting practice and benefit sharing at local level; • Weak co-ordination between DHR office, local communities and and hunting operators; • Inadequate research and studies on impacts of hunting on species gene pool, ecology, population dynamics, carrying capacity and predator relations; 62 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Strategies • Research and monitoring to better understand population dynamics, ecology and impact of hunting on population structure, • Infrastructure development to improve access and facilitate monitoring during hunting seasons, • Community engagement for regular coordination, monitoring, anti-poaching and benefit sharing. Activities  Conduct livestock surveys to understand and regulate grazing pressure around hunting areas;  Formulate grazing management strategies through the participation of local communities;  Develop regulatory mechanism of yarsagumba collection in the hunting area;  Formulate mechanisms for engagement and benefit sharing with local communities;  Conduct regular anti-poaching and monitoring patrols of highly threatened areas;  Mobilize reserve staff for monitoring the hunting area;  Improve infrastructures around hunting blocks to improve access;  Conduct extension programs (interaction meeting, workshop, radio programs) for awareness raising about hunting management;  Disseminate message through media, about ecological and economical importance of hunting;  Manage basic facilities and alternative energy sources in nearby village for hunting operators to minimize use of green tree as firewood;  Prioritize scientific study on population ecology of game animals;  Promote community based anti-poaching program and mobilize youth to control poaching;  Construct Range post/ Guard post at Maikot and Dule and mobilize staffs/ Nepali Army/ Nepal Police in the field. Alternative hunting of Wild Boar: Wild boar population around human settlements and agricultural fields are emerging as a key pest animal for local communities. Local people frequently report damage of their crops by these animals. Such damage has resulted in human wildlife conflicts ultimately demotivating community participation in biodiversity conservation. Management of the conflict has been one of the important challenges for the reserve. One of the strategies of its management could be to allow hunting of wild boar as per National Parks and wildlife conservation regulation (2030). So, population surveys around human settlements and agricultural areas, identification of conflict hotspots and prescribing annual allowable hunting quotas in such areas through proper regulation could be a socially, economically and technically viable solution to resolve the issue. 63 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter XI Proposed Buffer Zone management 11.1 Background 11.1 Background The concept of buffer zone is a model of managing protected areas through local community participation and benefit sharing amongst them. The fourth amendment of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973 introduced the concept of buffer zone management in 1993 ensure people’s participation in conservation through community-based natural resource management in the fringes. Currently, the reserve does not have a buffer zone and this concept of local participation is only proposed through buffer zone management. The National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973, Buffer Zone Regulations 1996 and Buffer Zone Guidelines 1999 provide policy and legal framework for buffer zone management. The legislation has made a provision of channeling 30-50 % of the park/reserve revenue to the local people for the implementation of conservation and community development program. The proposed buffer zone development programs are aimed at institutional development, alternative natural resource development to meet the local needs, capacity building, financial management, conservation education and awareness, gender and special target group mainstreaming. The currently identified buffer zone includes encroachments inside the reserve and its peripheral area available for multiple uses such as agriculture, grazing, forestry, tourism, and alternative income generating activities for local people. Based on the Himalayan National Park Regulation 2036, the proposed buffer zone was identified after several discussions and interactions with local communities of the surrounding area. DHR has proposed an area of 539.04 km2 part of Baglung, Myagdi and the then Rukum districts surrounding the reserve area including settlements inside the reserve as community development zone in 2073 BS. The proposed buffer zone of DHR consists of the population of over 24,472 that covers parts of one municipality (Dhorpatan) and 3 Rural Municipalities (Putha Uttarganga, Dhaulagiri, Taman Khola) across Baglung, Myagdi and East Rukum (Map 8). 64 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 11.2 Past management and present practices11.2 Past management and present practices 11.2.1 Forest Management DHR buffer zone program emphasizes participatory management of natural resources. The use rights of forest patches and blocks in the buffer zone will be handed over to local communities through the formation of forest user groups. The proposed buffer zone has 16 community forests with area of 1870.35 hectares managed by local people under DFO Baglung, Myagdi and East Rukum. As of now, the forests inside proposed buffer zone are under the jurisdiction of respective DFOs, whereas these will be managed under the jurisdiction of DHR when the buffer zone is approved as per existing regulations. Himali National Park Regulation 2036 has provisioned timber, firewood, designated NTFPs collection and grazing concession to local communities. These provisions can be continued in the proposed buffer zone community forest after the declaration of BZ in DHR. 11.2.2 Other Land use The major land use in the proposed buffer zone is forested areas, human settlements and agricultural lands. The total proposed community development zone covers an area of 539.04 km2 and comprises of 249.43 km2 (46.27%) forest land, 106.78 km2 (19.81%) rock and barren land, 99.04 km2 (18.37%) Pastureland, 50.15 km 2 (9.30%) agriculture and settlement, 30.1 km 2 (5.58%) snow cover, and 3.54 km 2 (0.65 %) water body and river bank. There are no major built up areas within the buffer zone. Infrastructure development in the form of access roads, trekking trails, transmission lines and construction of road in some key areas are major developments required in the reserve and proposed buffer zone. Map 8 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve and Proposed Buffer zone 65 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Figure 2: Land Use of DHR and proposed Buffer Zone 11.3 Management Strategies11.3 Management Strategies 11.3.1 Zonation DHR has proposed 539.04 km 2 area inside as well as periphery of reserve as buffer zone. For management purpose, the proposed buffer zone will be delineated into conservation zone, sustainable use zone and intensive use zone after the demarcation and declaration of buffer zone. 11.3.1.1 Conservation Zone The large forest patches in proposed buffer zone such as in Gurjakhani and Lalpatan are as good as core areas of the reserve for wildlife. Thus, these areas will be managed as extended wildlife habitat where extraction of forest products will be restricted but the area will be allowed for regulated tourism activities if needed. 11.3.1.2 Sustainable Use Zone The forested areas in proposed buffer zone, which is managed by community for dual purpose of meeting the need of forest products for the households and providing refuge for dispersing population of wildlife, falls under this category of zonation. 11.3.1.3 Intensive Use Zone This is the area in the proposed buffer zone which includes all the settlements and private lands, where environment-friendly development activities will be carried out to enhance the 66 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 livelihood of the people living in the area through various conservation and developmental interventions. 11.3.2 Community Development As need-based and site-specific interventions for the socio-economic development in proposed buffer zone to reduce the dependency of local communities on the natural resources of core reserve area are vital. The management of proposed buffer zone is oriented towards not only enhancing support of local people through need-based socio-economic development but also encouraging people in participatory natural forest management for fulfilling their needs. Site-specific plans, including livelihood support initiatives, will be the guiding document for implementing developmental initiatives in the respective user committees and groups. 11.3.3 Biodiversity Conservation, Monitoring and Research The forests and rangelands in proposed buffer zone are also important areas as extended habitats and connectivities for wildlife. One of the major objectives of community development zone in these areas is to develop partnership between reserve and people in biodiversity conservation. Involvement of local communities safeguards the core area. People will be made aware of biodiversity conservation and several programs will be launched focusing on different aspects of biodiversity conservation in proposed buffer zone. Lalpatan and Gurjakhani will be included as buffer zones which is appropriate to be extended as hunting blocks from where revenue can be generated for community development as there is legal provision of hunting in such areas under the Buffer Zone Management Regulation, 2052 BS. 11.3.4 Tourism Promotion Eco-tourism promotion in proposed buffer zone will diversify the livelihood oportunities of local communities. DHR and its proposed community development area has a potential area for community-based nature tourism promotion. It is necessary to add facilities in major tourist destinations such as Lulang, Gurjakhani, Maikot, Teksera and Dhorpatan. Community based eco-tourism, village trekking tourism, home stay promotion may be a feasible solution of dispersing income generated by tourism. In addition to natural beauty, the best tourism products of DHR are to explore Kham Magar culture and adding value to woolen goods which is being slackening since last decade. For providing better service and facilities for tourist, develop and manage hotel at the entrance gate/ticket counter such as at Lulangkhoriya, Gurjaghat, Gurjakhani, Deurali, HQ, and Taksera. There is a potential and need to develop hotel and observation tower at Jaljala and Phagune which is very good view point and promote expedition at Gurja himal. Lalpatan and Gurjakhani forest of the proposed buffer zone area will be managed as an alternate hunting tourism area in the future. 11.3.5 Functional Coordination Coordination with local bodies and communities is an integral part of participatory biodiversity conservation. Planning, implementation and monitoring of community development initiatives will be coordinated with local bodies, local communities and functional local groups including possible user groups which will be formed at a later stage on approval of buffer zone. Participation of women marginalized and socially excluded disadvantaged communities will 67 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 be ensured in planning and implementation of conservation and community development program. To ensure prioritization of the needs and support to be provided, participatory ranking of the users will be conducted using principles and methodologies formulated collectively with local stakeholders. Prior to approval, the provision for reviewing the plan will be made for its modification and aligning the activities with the support provided by local bodies such as Rural Municipality and Municipality, other government line agencies and I/NGOs, Hunting operators, CFUGs and other stakeholders eg. NTFPs entrepreneurs. 11.3.6 Capacity Building To conduct conservation and community development activities, local stakeholders and reserve staffs need to be trained in participatory appraisals and planning, facilitation, community-based conservation, environment- friendly tourism and development, sustainable harvesting of natural resources, conflict mitigation and rural development. Detailed human resource development plans and activities will be designed to include in the above key areas through in-house workshops, trainings and capacity building courses, lectures, improvement of skills to positively change staff’s perceptions and improve their professionalism in reserve people cooperation and participatory management. Capacity development will also target local user groups and committees after the declaration of buffer zone. 11.3.7 Conflict mitigation Human wildlife conflict is an emerging issue in and around the reserve. Conflict mitigation is a core area of intervention which is also addressed separately under HWC theme and species conservation of this management plan. Crop depredation by wildlife particularly by wild boar, Asiatic Black bear and porcupines is a major concern in the community development zones which includes human settlements within and outside the core area of the reserve. Furthermore, there are also conflicts between the local communities and reserve administration regarding infrastructure development where local communities see the reserve as an obstacle in modern development. In this context, it is of utmost importance to develop a conducive environment where local communities understand the existing wildlife damage relief provisions and mechanisms and can benefit from the same while also realizing the value of environment-friendly infrastructure development. In order to minimize crop depredation and livestock casualties by wildlife, solar fencing, stone fencing, mesh wire fencing and predator-proof corrals can be provided. Further, cattle loss or retaliatory killing can be minimized through implementing and institutionalizing insurance and relief mechanisms. Conflicts situation in and around reserve and encroachment will also be mitigated through stakeholder dialogues while providing alternative livelihood support. 11.3.8 Income Generation and Skill Development Income generation and related skill development activities for diversifying livelihood options help to reduce dependency of local people on natural resources of the reserve and critical areas in the proposed buffer zone. These initiatives will focus on the marginalized and socially excluded sectors of the communities who are the most dependent on the natural resources of the area. Locally identified and appropriate, effective income generation, and skill development activities will be conducted in the proposed buffer zone. These activities 68 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 can broadly vary from expansion and improvement of apple farming, vegetable farming and integrated livestock management in intensive use zones to support for ecotourism such as homestay and, souvenir shop, and promotion of local arts and crafts. 11.3.9 Conservation Education Since the reserve does not have a buffer zone till date, conservation awareness among local communities is limited. Thus, conservation education has a high importance in the proposed buffer zone. To develop an understanding and importance of biodiversity conservation for community development while harnessing positive attitude and support of local communities for biodiversity conservation several activities will be conducted focusing on different profiles of the society, such as students, natural resource management groups, mother groups, youth group, civil society organizations, indigenous communities and local bodies. Various conservation education initiatives will be adopted through Eco club mobilization, excursion programs, publications relating to biodiversity, cultural and religious significance of the area (leaflets, brochures, calendar, poster, audiovisual program) interactions with stakeholders and exposure visits. 11.3.10 Regulation of Forest Products Most of the high-value NTFPs are collected from the core area of reserve without proper procedures. There are legal constraints to form forest user groups to manage NTFPs in the core area. In case of DHR, Forest User Groups (FUGs) can only be formed in settlements within the reserve to manage adjoining forests for firewood, bedding material, forest fire, etc. These groups cannot be legalized as community forest user groups outside the protected areas. The demand for forest resources is a major challenge in managing forest resources. Unregulated NTFP collection in the reserve as well as from the proposed buffer zone is another challenge in DHR. To regulate forest products, site specific plans will be formulated with participation and support of local communities. Resource surveys will be conducted to determine the annual harvestable amounts for important NTFP such as Lokta, Yarsagumba, Kutki, Padamchal, etc., in the community development zone. 11.4 Implementation and Mainstreaming Strategy This integrated DHR management plan provides directions for biodiversity conservation and community development. To ensure local ownership, efficiency and effectiveness in implementation of the plan, the entire community development program will be implemented through participation of local bodies and local communities. The basic implementation strategy will:  Ensure participation of all relevant stakeholders in decision making;  Follow the good governance practices and maintain transparency;  Promote green development in proposed buffer zone through organic farming,  Plantation and other green technology that reduces carbon footprint;  Capacity building for institutional sustainability; 69 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81  Raise Awareness to biodiversity conservation and community development. The mainstreaming strategies in buffer zone will include protection of wildlife, management of wildlife habitats, regular monitoring of wildlife species, regulation of forest product collection and livestock grazing, conflict minimization, encroachment control and paying relief for any damage by wildlife. 70 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 71 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Chapter XII Activity, Budget and Logical Framework 12.1 Activity and Budget12.1 Activity and Budget The budget required for the implementation of the activities prescribed by the plan for the period of five years is estimated as NRs. 281,220, 000 and presented in line with the major themes and objectives of the plan in Table 11 below. The detail budget is provided in Annex 13. Table 12 Activity and Budget of Management Plan (Amount in ‘000) SN Activities Yr I Yr II Yr III Yr IV Yr V Total % 1 Park protection and conservation of Biodiversity 13,800 15,350 11,250 14,900 10,050 65,350 23 1.1 Reserve protection 9,450 10,000 6,200 9,600 5,500 40,750 1.2 Anti-poaching and intelligence 3,200 3,700 3,700 3,450 3,200 17,250 1.3 Wildlife Health Management 1,150 1,650 1,350 1,850 1,350 7,350 2 Habitat management 8,800 6,150 9,150 7,900 6,400 38,400 14 2.1 Wetlands and grasslands 1,950 1,200 1,950 1,200 1,200 7,500 2.2 Forest and fire management 2,600 2,700 3,450 1,450 950 11,150 2.3 Encroachment management 4,250 2,250 3,750 5,250 4,250 19,750 3 Species Conservation 6,050 5,850 6,900 5,000 5,550 29,350 10 3.1 Musk deer 1,350 800 600 1,350 400 4,500 3.2 Snow Leopard 3,750 2,800 4,750 2,700 3,500 17,500 3.3 Red Panda 950 2,250 1,550 950 1,650 7,350 4 Research, monitoring and capacity building 5,260 3,505 7,965 2,300 3,290 22,320 8 4.1 Research 500 1,000, 3,550 500 800 6,350 4.2 Monitoring 3,100 1,700 3,200 1,100 1,200 10,300 4.3 Capacity building 1,660 805 1,215 700 1,290 5,670 5 Tourism and interpretation 3,120 6,120 5,770 5,670 3,770 24,450 9 6 Special programs 4,420 8,770 7,670 5,320 9,570 35,750 13 6.1 Rangeland management 1,320 2,620 2,420 1,620 2,620 10,600 6.2 Yarsagumba management 1,500 2,150 1,900 1,200 2,000 8,750 6.3 Climate change adaptation 1,600 4,000 3,350 2,500 4,950 16,400 7 Sport hunting management 2,400 2,200 2,250 2,050 2,200 11,100 4 8 Community development 8,690 9,540 10,540 8,290 11,440 48,500 17 8.1 Conservation program 2,600 3,300 3,950 3,250 3,500 16,600 8.2 Community support 2,900 2,900 2,900 2,900 2,900 14,500 8.3 Conservation education 1,540 490 1,540 490 1,540 5,600 8.4 Income generating activities 1,650 2,850 2,150 1,650 3,500 11,800 9 Office Management 1,570 1,240 890 890 1,410 6,000 2 Annual percentage 19 % 21 % 22% 19 % 19 % Total 54,110 58,725 62,385 52,320 53,680 281,220 72 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 12.2 Gender Equity and Social Inclusion 12.2 Gender Equity and Social Inclusion The implementation of DHR management plan will adopt gender equity and social inclusion (GESI) strategy as a core cross-cutting theme. Considering the existing context of the proposed buffer zone, the planned activities will be implemented in a participatory and inclusive manner in close coordination with local bodies to address issues of exclusion and marginalization. DHR will consider Government of Nepal’s existing GESI strategies and policies in planning and implementing the management plan. At the program level the emphasis will be to identify whether the program is GESI responsive, embraces inclusive approaches in program appraisal, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. In terms of organizational preparedness, building conceptual clarity and operational skills for GESI issues is a common concern for all stakeholders and partners. The management plan will mainstream GESI strategy to engage and empower women and marginalized people in equitable benefit sharing through meaningful participation in participatory biodiversity conservation and community development activities. 12.3 Monitoring, Evaluation and Review of the plan 12.3 Monitoring, Evaluation and Review of the plan DHR will be responsible for monitoring and evaluation of the management plan in close coordination with DNPWC. DHR will coordinate with local bodies and communities in conducting periodic monitoring of the activities implemented to fulfill the objectives of the management plan. Annual progress of management plan implementation will be reflected in the annual progress report of the reserve. This management plan will be reviewed towards the end of plan period by DHR in coordination with DNPWC which will also contribute to formulation of the next management plan. If deemed necessary, a mid-term review of the plan will also be conducted. The findings and learning from these periodic reviews will feed into the next plan. 73 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 12 .4 L og ic al F ra m ew or k A na ly si s Th e lo gi ca l f ra m ew or k of D ho rp at an H un tin g Re se rv e an d its B uff er Z on e M an ag em en t P la n fo r fiv e ye ar s pe ri od (2 07 4/ 75 2 07 8/ 79 ) i s as fo llo w s: N a rr a ti v e S u m m a ry O b je ct iv e ly V e ri fi a b le I n d ic a to r (O V I) M e a n s o f V e ri fi ca ti o n ( M o V ) R is k s a n d a ss u m p ti o n s G o a l Co n se rv e , m a in ta in a n d e n h a n ce t h e b io lo g ic a l d iv e rs it y a n d s o ci o c u lt u ra l u n iq u e n e ss t h ro u g h r e g u la te d t ro p h y h u n ti n g a n d p ro m o ti o n o f e co to u ri sm a n d s u st a in a b le h a rv e st in g o f N TF P s to e n h a n ce l iv e li h o o d s o f th e l o ca l p e o p le . Im p ro ve d B io d iv e rs it y s ta tu s, R e ve n u e g e n e ra te d t h ro u g h t ro p h y h u n ti n g , Li ve li h o o d b e n e fi ts t h ro u g h su st a in a b le N TF P m a n a g e m e n t a n d e co to u ri sm A n n u a l p ro g re ss re p o rt s, s u rv e y s a n d a ss e ss m e n ts G ov e rn m e n t p ri o ri ti ze s b io d iv e rs it y co n se rv at io n at a ll g ov e rn an ce le ve ls a n d c o n ti n u e s to p ro m o te t ro p h y h u n ti n g , N TF P m an ag e m e n t an d e co to u ri sm w it h l o ca l co m m u n it y su p p o rt . O b je ct iv e 1 : To c o n se rv e t h re a te n e d a n d e n d a n g e re d w il d li fe a n d t h e ir h a b it a t u n d e r ch a n g in g s o ci o e co lo g ic a l co n te x ts O u tc o m e 1 : St re n g th e n e d p a rk p ro te ct io n O U TP U TS : In fr a st ru ct u re f a ci li ti e s fo r p a rk p ro te ct io n i m p ro ve d , In te n si ty o f p a tr o ll in g i m p ro ve d N u m b e r o f b u il d in g s, p o st s, in fr a st ru ct u re f a ci li ti e s co n st ru ct e d , m a in ta in e d , re p a ir e d , e le ct ri fi ca ti o n a n d s o la r fa ci li ti e s a va il a b le , n u m b e r o f p a tr o ll in g re g u la te d a n d i m p ro ve d . Fi e ld r e p o rt s, p e ri o d ic r e p o rt s o f D H R , D N P W C Ti m e ly a va il a b il it y o f re so u rc e s, c o n ti n u e d su p p o rt o f fe d e ra l, p ro v in ci a l a n d l o ca l g o ve rn m e n ts , st a ff p o si ti o n s a re f u lf il le d . O u tc o m e 2 : Im p ro ve d h a b it a t co n d it io n s 74 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 O U TP U TS : M a jo r th re a ts i d e n ti fi e d , a n d s tr a te g ie s im p le m e n te d , Si te s p e ci fi c re so u rc e m a n a g e m e n t p la n s fo rm u la te d a n d im p le m e n te d , W e tl a n d h a b it a ts a n d w a te r so u rc e s p ro te ct e d , Fo re st f ir e s co n tr o ll e d , R o ta ti o n a l g ra zi n g p la n s fo rm u la te d a n d g ra zi n g r e g u la te d , R a n g e la n d h a b it a ts m a n a g e d f o r q u a li ty f o ra g e , En cr o a ch m e n t co n tr o ll e d a n d r e st o re d He ct a re s o f cr it ic a l h a b it a ts , w e tl a n d s, r a n g e la n d s m a n a g e d / p ro te ct e d / c o n se rv e d a n d r e st o re d , N u m b e r o f fo re st f ir e i n ci d e n ce s co n tr o ll e d , He ct a re s o f e n cr o a ch m e n t co n tr o ll e d a n d r e st o re d , N u m b e r o f si te s p e ci fi c p la n s fo rm u la te d a n d i m p le m e n te d Fi e ld r e p o rt s, p e ri o d ic r e p o rt s o f D H R , D N P W C A va il a b il it y o f a d e q u a te b u d g e t a n d w il li n g n e ss o f lo ca l co m m u n it ie s O u tc o m e 3 : St re n g th e n e d a n ti p o a ch in g a n d i n te ll ig e n ce g a th e ri n g O U TP U TS : R e d u ct io n i n e ve n ts o f p o a ch in g a n d i ll e g a l w il d li fe t ra d e , Fo rm a ti o n a n d m o b il iz a ti o n o f W CC B u n it s, A P O s, C B A P U s, Ca p a ci ty o f lo ca l co m m u n it ie s a n d k e y s ta ke h o ld e rs e n h a n ce d N u m b e r o f il le g a l ca se s re p o rt e d , N u m b e r o f d is tr ic ts a n d l o ca l le ve l a n ti p o a ch in g u n it s, N u m b e r o f e ve n ts a n d p e rs o n n e l tr a in e d o n a n ti p o a ch in g Fi e ld r e p o rt s, p e ri o d ic r e p o rt s o f D H R , D N P W C A va il a b il it y o f re so u rc e s, a d e q u a te s u p p o rt f ro m se cu ri ty a g e n ci e s, lo ca l g o ve rn m e n ts a n d co m m u n it ie s O u tc o m e 4 : Im p ro v e d W il d li fe h e a lt h k n o w le d g e a n d f a ci li ti e s O U TP U TS : W il d li fe h e a lt h r e la te d i ss u e s se n si ti ze d , W il d li fe h e a lt h f a ci li ti e s im p ro ve d , N u m b e r o f st u d ie s, a ss e ss m e n ts a n d ca p a ci ty b u il d in g e ve n ts , n u m b e r o f st a ff s a n d c o m m u n it y m e m b e rs t ra in e d , N u m b e r o f in fr a st ru ct u re f a ci li ti e s Fi e ld r e p o rt s, p e ri o d ic r e p o rt s o f D H R , A va il a b il it y o f re so u rc e s O b je ct iv e 2 : To r e g u la te t ro p h y h u n ti n g o f b lu e s h e e p a n d H im a la y a n t a h r m a in ta in in g i ts h e a lt h y p o p u la ti o n O u tc o m e 5 : Sp o rt h u n ti n g m a n a g e m e n t, r e se a rc h , b e n e fi t sh a ri n g , in fr a st ru ct u re 75 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 O U TP U TS : K n o w le d g e a n d u n d e rs ta n d in g o f sp o rt h u n ti n g s p e ci e s im p ro ve d , Lo ca l le ve l b e n e fi ts i m p ro ve d , Im p ro ve d i n fr a st ru ct u re s fo r h u n ti n g , it s m o n it o ri n g a n d m a n a g e m e n t A m o u n t o f re ve n u e g e n e ra te d f ro m h u n ti n g , N u m b e r o f p e o p le e n g a g e d N u m b e r o f in fr a st ru ct u re s co n st ru ct e d f o r h u n ti n g , Fi e ld r e p o rt s, p e ri o d ic r e p o rt s o f D H R , D N P W C , To u ri sm s e ct o r co n ti n u e s to g ro w , a d e q u a te s u p p o rt fr o m l o ca l co m m u n it ie s a n d g o ve rn m e n ts O b je ct iv e 3 : To p ro m o te a n d i m p ro v e s u st a in a b le l iv e li h o o d s th ro u g h e co t o u ri sm a n d N TF P m a n a g e m e n t O u tc o m e 6 : Im p ro v e d l iv e li h o o d o p p o rt u n it ie s th ro u g h e co t o u ri sm a n d s u st a in a b le m a n a g e m e n t o f N TF P s O U TP U TS : En h a n ce d u n d e rs ta n d in g o f to u ri sm s ta tu s a n d p o te n ti a l o f D H R , D iv e rs if ic a ti o n o f to u ri sm p ro d u ct s, Im p ro ve d i n fr a st ru ct u re s fo r to u ri sm p ro m o ti o n , Co n st ru ct io n / u p g ra d e i n fo rm a ti o n f a ci li ty , Co m m u n it y m a n a g e d e co t o u ri sm p ro m o te d a ro u n d p o te n ti a l a re a s In cr e a se d n o . o f to u ri sm b a se d p ri va te e n te rp ri se s, N u m b e r o f si te s p ro m o te d , N u m b e r o f in fr a st ru ct u re s su p p o rt e d , N u m b e r o f tr e kk in g r o u te s id e n ti fi e d a n d e st a b li sh e d , N u m b e r o f h o u se h o ld s e n g a g e d a n d b e n e fi tt e d , Fi e ld r e p o rt s, p e ri o d ic r e p o rt s o f D H R , D N P W C , Su rv e y r e p o rt s To u ri sm s e ct o r co n ti n u e s to g ro w , a d e q u a te s u p p o rt fr o m l o ca l co m m u n it ie s a n d g o ve rn m e n ts O b je ct iv e 4 : To i m p ro v e c o m m u n it y e n g a g e m e n t in p a rt ic ip a to ry b io d iv e rs it y c o n se rv a ti o n O u tc o m e 7 : R e d u ce d r is k s a n d v u ln e ra b il it ie s d u e t o c li m a te c h a n g e O U TP U TS : A p p ro p ri a te c li m a te c h a n g e a d a p ta ti o n m e a su re s im p le m e n te d , Cl im a te a p p ro p ri a te l iv e li h o o d d iv e rs if ic a ti o n p ro m o te d , Cl im a te c h a n g e a d a p ta ti o n m e a su re s a d o p te d b y l o ca l co m m u n it ie s, l o ca l b o d ie s a n d k e y s ta ke h o ld e rs , Lo ca l co m m u n it ie s a n d k e y s ta ke h o ld e rs c a p a ci ta te d t o a ss e ss a n d a d d re ss c li m a te c h a n g e v u ln e ra b il it ie s N u m b e r o f a d a p ta ti o n m e a su re s im p le m e n te d , N u m b e r o f h o u se h o ld s su p p o rt e d fo r li ve li h o o d d iv e rs if ic a ti o n , N u m b e r o f st a ke h o ld e rs a d o p ti n g a d a p ta ti o n m e a su re s, N u m b e r o f in st it u ti o n s/ in d iv id u a ls ca p a ci ta te d Fi e ld r e p o rt s, p e ri o d ic r e p o rt s o f D H R , Su rv e y re p o rt s A va il a b il it y o f re so u rc e s, su p p o rt iv e l o ca l e n v ir o n m e n t 76 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 O u tc o m e 8 : H u m a n W il d li fe c o n fl ic t re d u ce d O U TP U TS : Co m m u n it y b a se d I n su ra n ce s ch e m e s im p le m e n te d , Im p ro ve d m e ch a n is m f o r q u ic k a n d a d e q u a te r e li e f, Ef fe ct iv e a n d s a fe l iv e st o ck m a n a g e m e n t sc h e m e s im p le m e n te d , B e st p ra ct ic e s su ch a s 's a fe s y st e m a p p ro a ch ' a d o p te d N u m b e r o f in ci d e n ce s o f li ve st o ck d e p re d a ti o n , re ta li a to ry k il li n g s, A tt it u d e o f lo ca l co m m u n it ie s, N u m b e r o f sc h e m e s a n d b e n e fi ci a ri e s Fi e ld r e p o rt s, p e ri o d ic r e p o rt s o f D H R , D N P W C , Su rv e y r e p o rt s A va il a b il it y o f re so u rc e s, s u p p o rt iv e lo ca l e n v ir o n m e n t fo r m it ig a ti o n o f H W C O b je ct iv e 5 : To s tr e n g th e n i n st it u ti o n a l ca p a ci ty t h ro u g h r e se a rc h , co o rd in a ti o n a n d c o ll a b o ra ti o n O u tc o m e 9 : En h a n ce d u n d e rs ta n d in g a n d k n o w le d g e o n s p e ci e s, h a b it a t a n d E co sy st e m s fo r e ff e ct iv e m a n a g e m e n t O U TP U TS : D a ta b a se f o r fl o ra a n d f a u n a o f D H R u p d a te d , K n o w le d g e o n k e y s p e ci e s h a b it a ts , d is tr ib u ti o n a n d e co lo g y e n h a n ce d , K e y s p e ci e s su ch a s Sn o w L e o p a rd , R e d P a n d a , M u sk d e e r st u d ie d , K e y s p e ci e s, h a b it a ts , e co sy st e m s a n d e n v ir o n m e n ta l ch a n g e s m o n it o re d p e ri o d ic a ll y, H u m a n a n d l iv e st o ck p re ss u re o n t h e r e se rv e m o n it o re d t o e n h a n ce m a n a g e m e n t st ra te g ie s N u m b e r o f st u d ie s, a ss e ss m e n ts a n d sp e ci e s d a ta b a se u p d a te d Te ch n ic a l re p o rt s, a ss e ss m e n ts , p e ri o d ic p ro g re ss re p o rt s A va il a b il it y o f re so u rc e s O u tc o m e 1 0 : St ro n g i n st it u ti o n s a n d g o o d g o v e rn a n ce e n su re d , a n d l o ca l co m m u n it ie s a re e m p o w e re d O U TP U TS : R e le va n t in st it u ti o n s e st a b li sh e d a n d s tr e n g th e n e d , Co n se rv a ti o n c o m m u n it ie s a re s tr e n g th e n e d a n d in st it u ti o n a li ze d , In cr e a se d c o n se rv a ti o n a w a re n e ss a n d c o ll a b o ra ti o n a m o n g ke y s ta ke h o ld e rs , In cr e a se d p a rt ic ip a ti o n o f lo ca l co m m u n it ie s in c o n se rv a ti o n N u m b e r o f in st it u ti o n s e n g a g e d , N u m b e r o f p e o p le t ra in e d , N u m b 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Climate-change Impacts on the Biodiversity of the Terai Arc Landscape and the Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape. Hariyo Ban, WWF Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal Wegge, P. 1976. Himalayan Sikar Reserve: Survey and Management proposals. FAO NEP Wegge, P. 1979. Aspects of the Population Ecology of Blue Sheep in Nepal. Journal of Asian Ecology 1:10-20. Wilson, P. 1981. Ecology and habitat Utilization of Blue Sheep Pseudois nayaur in Nepal. Biological Conservation 21:55-74. Yonzon, P. 1990. The 1990 Wildlife Survey of Shey - Phoksundo National Park Dolpo, West Nepal. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu. 79 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 List of Annexes 80 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 1 Legal boundary of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve as per Gazette notification cg;"rL – % v08 #& ;+Vof @ g]kfn /fhkq efu # ldlt @)$$.!.!$ >L % sf] ;/sf/ jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnosf] ;"rgf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf # sf] pk–bkmf -! n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L /fKtL / wjnflul/ c~rnsf] ?s'd, DofUbL / afUn'ª lhNnfx?sf] s]xL efu ;dfj]z u/L b]xfoadf]lhdsf] rf/lsNnfleqsf] If]qnfO{ æ9f]/kf6g lzsf/ cf/IfÆ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . 9f]/kf6g lzsf/ cf/Ifsf] rf/lsNnf k"j{M– r'/]g lxdfnoaf6 z'? eO{ blIf0ftkm{ nfuL wf}nf>L lxdfnsf] !&,@$^ lkm6sf] 6'Kkf;Dd / ptm 6'Kkfaf6 8f+8} 8f+8f x'+b} jl;++w'/Lsf] !^,#&% lkm6;Dd, Toxf+af6 !%,$)@, !$,&$), !%,)!@, !$,%@^, !#,!^(, !##@^, !@,*)$ / !@,##@ sf] 8f+8} 8f+8f x'+b} clIf0ftkm{ /x]sf] pQ/ uËf gbL;Dd . ToxfFaf6 blIf0ftkm{sf] 9f/vfgL 8f+8fsf] !@,!&$ lkm6sf] 6'Kkf;Dd . blIf0fM– 9f/vfgL 8f+8fsf] !@,!&$ lkm6sf] lqe'hfsf/ 6'Kkfaf6 ;f]xL w'/L x'Fb} klZrdtkm{ nfuL !!,&## lkm6sf] 6'Kkf;Dd / ;f]xL w'/Lsf] gfs} gfs x'Fb} !!,^#& lkm6;Dd, km]l/ ;f]xL gfs} gfs x'+b} (,^!& lkm6 / !#,@%* lkm6sf] prfO;Dd . ToxfFaf6 emfNs] 8f+8fsf] 6'Kkf ;dftL !@,*$% lkm6 / ;f]xL 8f+8} 8f+8f x'Fb} !@,$$% / !@,##! sf] 6'Kkf / !@,#!% lkm6sf] 6'Kkf;Dd . ToxfFaf6 nfdfSofË w'/ Lsf] !#,!#^sf] 6'Kkf ;dftL ;f]xL w'/Lsf] !@,)%& / s'lr+jfª vf]nfsf] d'xfg !)@$% lkm6;Dd . klZrdM– !),@$% lkm6sf] w'/Laf6 n's' ufpFaf6 6sf ufpF hfg] af6f] x'Fb} pQ/ uËf gbL;Dd, ToxfFaf6 ;f] gbLsf] pQ/ lsgf/f x'Fb} v/Lªjfª vf]nfsf] bf]efg;Dd, ToxfFaf6 vf]n}vf]nf dfly cfO{ 6fsf x'sfd hfg] af6f]sf] s'6]jf; 8f+8fsf] !!,(^! lkm6sf] 6'Kkf eP/ 6sf ufpFaf6 x'sfd hfg] k}bn af6f] x'Fb} k]Ndf vf]nf;Dd, ToxfFaf6 ptm vf]nf x'Fb} 3'Dn'ª vf]nfsf] bf]efg;Dd . ToxfFaf6 bf]uf8L vf]nf x'Fb} ofdfvf/ ufpF;Dd, ToxfFaf6 hfªnf e~Hofª hfg] af6f] x'+b} !!,&#! lkm6sf] w'/L;Dd . ToxfFaf6 / fxfn vf]nf ;dftL ;f]xL vf]nf x'Fb} ;fu'/] vf]nf bf]efg;Dd . ToxfFaf6 !!,**) sf] w'/L x'Fb} !$,&)@ sf] w'/L;Dd / s'N6f e~Hofª;Dd . pQ/M– s'N6f e~Hofªaf6 8fF8} 8fF8f x'Fb} !^,%*) lkm6 / ;'gbxdflysf] !&,@^^ lkm6sf] 8fF8f e} !^,*^@ / !^,%@# 8fF8f x'Fb} hfªnf e~Hofª;Dd . ToxfFaf6 k'/jfË kxf8sf] 8fF8f x'Fb} !*#&# / !*,#(^ lkm6sf] 8fF8} 8fF8f e} !(,$)& sf] 6'Kkf;Dd / ToxfFaf6 blIf0f nfuL @!,$$@, @)^*) / k'7f lxpFr'nL;Dd, ToxfFaf6 ;f]xL w'/L x'Fb} r'/]g lxdfn;Dd . cf1fn], jL/]Gb|gfy v'h]nL >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;lrj 81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 2 List of Plants recorded in DHR and its Proposed BZ SN Scientific Name Family Local Name Recorded Location 1 Abies spectabilis Pinaceae Thingre sallo Dhorpatan 2 Acanthopanax cissifolius Araliaceae 3 Acer acuminatum Aceraceae Charipaile Gurjakhani 4 Acer caesium Gled. Aceraceae Kukurpaile Gurjakhani 5 Achyranthes bidentata Amaranthaceae 6 Aconitum bisma Ranunculaceae Bikh 7 Aconitum spicatum Ranunculaceae Bikh 8 Aconogonum rumisifolium Polygonaceae 9 Aesculus indica Hippocastanaceae Pangar Bobang 10 Agave sp Agavaceae 11 Ainsliaea aptera Asteraceae 12 Allium hypsistum Amaryllidaceae 13 Alnus nitida Betulaceae 14 Aloe vera Liliaceae 15 Anagallis sp Primulaceae 16 Anaphalis contorta Asteraceae Buki 17 Androsace sarmentosa Primulaceae 18 Anemone obtusiloba Ranunculaceae Kangraito 19 Anemone tetrasephala Ranunculaceae Gurjakhani 20 Arisaema costatum Araceae Chari Banko Gurjakhani 21 Arisaema grifithi Araceae Dhakaya Banko Gurjakhani 22 Artemisia dubia Asteraceae Titepati 23 Artemisia sp Asteraceae 24 Arundinaria falcata Poaceae Nigalo Gurjakhani 25 Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Kurilo Bobang 26 Aster albescens Asteraceae 27 Aster flaccidus Asteraceae 28 Astilbe rivularis Saxifragaceae Budhookhati Gurjakhani 29 Astragalus candolleanus Fabaceae 30 Berberis aristata Berberidaceae Chutro 31 Berberis mucrifolia Berberidaceae 32 Bergenia ciliata Saxifragaceae Pakhanved Gurjakhani 33 Betula utilis Betulaceae Seto Bhojpatra Khara 34 Bistorta amplexicaulis Polygonaceae Myakuro Gustung 35 Boenninghausenia albiflora Rutaceae Syalpakhe 82 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 36 Caltha palustris Ranunculaceae Deurali, 37 Cannabis sativa Cannabaceae 38 Capsella bursapastoris Brassicaceae Monsonmela 39 Caragana gerardiana Fabaceae 40 Cassiope fastigiata Ericaceae Bayali 41 Cephalanthera longifolia Orchidaceae Gurja khani 42 Chara sp Warmi 43 Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae Bethe Dhorpatan 44 Cirsium falconeri Compositae Chakailo Bobang 45 Clematis barbellata Ranunculaceae Gurja ghat 46 Clematis connata Ranunculaceae Dhorpatan 47 Clematis vernayi Ranunculaceae Gurjakhani 48 Clintonia udensis Liliaceae Gustung 49 Cordyceps sinensis Clavicipitaceae Buti, Kira Gustung 50 Coriaria nepalensis Coriariaceae Machhain Gurjakhani 51 Corydalis cashmeriana Papaveraceae Gurjakhani 52 Cotoneaster frigidus Rosaceae 53 Cotoneaster microphyllus Rosaceae Pate Deurali 54 Cremanthodium sp Asteraceae Gurja khola 55 Cupressus torulosa Cupressaceae Dhupi 56 Dactylorhiza hatagirea Orchidaceae Hathajadi Monsonmela 57 Datura stramonium Solanaceae Dhaturo Gurjakhani 58 Delphinium himalayai Ranunculaceae Atis Deurali 59 Desmodium elegans Fabaceae Gurjakhani 60 Drymaria cordata Caryophyllaceae Abhijalo 61 Drynaria sp. Pteridaceae Deurali 62 Dryopteris cochleata Dryopteridaceae Gheu neuro 63 Elaeagnus parvifolia Elaeagnaceae Guyalo Gurjakhani 64 Elsholtzia flava Lamiaceae 65 Ephedra gerardiana Ephedraceae Salajari Dhorpatan 66 Euphorbia cognata Euphorbiaceae 67 Euphorbia stracheyi Euphorbiaceae Khara 68 Euphorbia wallichii Euphorbiaceae Dudhyalo 69 Fagopyrum sp Polygonaceae Phapar 70 Fragaria nubicola Rosaceae Kafal Gurjakhani 71 Fritillaria cirrhosa Liliaceae Monsonmela 72 Gaultheria trichophylla Ericaceae Khara 73 Gentiana stipitata Gentianaceae 74 Gentiana unrula Gentianaceae Khara 83 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 75 Geranium wallichianum Geraniaceae 76 Geum elatum Rosaceae Khara 77 Girardinea diversifolia Urticaceae Allo Gurja khola 78 Gnaphalium affine Asteraceae Deurali 79 Heracleum nepalense Umbelliferae Dosaila Bobang 80 Helixanthera ligustrina Loranthaceae Gurjakhani 81 Hipphoephoe salicifolia Elaeagnaceae Dalechuk Gurjakhani 82 Impatiens sulcata Balsaminaceae Deurali, 83 Incarvillea emodi Bignoniaceae 84 Indigofera heterantha Leguminosae Sakhino Gurjaghat 85 Iris decora Iridaceae Kakedhun Warmi 86 Iris kemaonensis Iridaceae Kakedhun Khara 87 Jasminum humile Oleaceae Gurjakhani 88 Jasminum officinale Oleaceae Gurjakhani 89 Juglans regia Juglandaceae Okhar Deurali 90 Juniperus indica Cupressaceae Gya yak Dhorpatan 91 Juniperus squamata Cupressaceae Dhorpatan 92 Jurinea dolomea Asteraceae Dhupjadi Hepu lake 93 Leontopodium stracheyi Asteraceae Dhorpatan, 94 Ligularia fischeri Asteraceae Hate kallo Gurjakhani 95 Lonicera glabrata Caprifoliaceae Bhatkudi 96 Lonicera obvata Caprifoliaceae 97 Lyonia ovalifolia Ericaceae Bobang 98 Lyonia villosa Ericaceae Deurali 99 Mahonia nepalensis Berberidaceae 100 Malus pumila Mill. Rosaceae Syau 101 Malva verticillata Malvaceae Gurjakhani 102 Meconopsis dhwojii Papaveraceae Gurjakhola 103 Meconopsis paniculata Papaveraceae Monsonmela 104 Megacarpea polyandra Cruciferae Monsonmela 105 Morchella esculenta Morchellaceae Mathyaura 106 Morina polyphylla Dipsacaceae 107 Nardostachys grandiflora Valerianaceae 108 Neillia rubiflora Rosaceae Gurja khola 109 Neopicrorhiza scrophulariifolia Scrophulariaceae Katuko 110 Nepeta linearis Lamiaceae Marethi 111 Ophioglossum sp Ophiglossaceae Jibre sag Gurjaghat 112 Opuntia monacantha Cactaceae Bobang 113 Osmunda sp Osmundaceae Daliya Monsonmela 84 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 114 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae 115 Paris polyphylla Liliaceae Gustung 116 Parochetus communis Leguminosae Deurali 117 Pedicularis bicornuta Scrophulariaceae Gurjaghat 118 Pedicularis siphonantha Scrophulariaceae Khara 119 Persea odoratissima Lauraceae Aaare Gurjakhani 120 Persicaria capitata Polygonaceae 121 Pilea umbrosa Urticaceae Gurja khola 122 Pinus wallichiana Pinaceae Khote salla Dhorpatan 123 Piptanthus nepalensis Leguminosae Dhorpatan 124 Plantago erosa Plantaginaceae Dhorpatan 125 Podophyllum hexandrum Berberidaceae Madhu Gurjaghat 126 Polygonatum cirrihifolium Liliaceae Khirnaulo Gurjakhani 127 Potentilla atrosanguinea. Rosaceae Bayali 128 Potentilla peduncularis Rosaceae Deurali, 129 Primula calderana Primulaceae Bayali 130 Primula glomerata Primulaceae Khara 131 Primula macrophylla Primulaceae Gustung 132 Primula sessilis Primulaceae Bayali 133 Princepia utilis Rosaceae Dhatelo Dhorpatan 134 Prunus carmesina Hara Rosaceae Amilearu 135 Punica grantum L. Punicaceae Sendu Bobang 136 Pyracantha crenulata Rosaceae Ghangaru Gurjakhani 137 Pyrus pashia Rosaceae Chuli Bobang 138 Quercus semicarpifolia Fagaceae Khasru Deurali 139 Ranunculus species Ranunculaceae 140 Rheum australe Polygonaceae Padamchal Gustung 141 Rheum moorcroftianum Polygonaceae Chumatsi Dhorpatan 142 Rhodiola wallichiana Crassulaceae Gurjakhani 143 Rhododendron arboreum Ericaceae Laligurans Deurali 144 Rhododendron barbatum Ericaceae Laligurans Gurjakhani 145 Rhododendron campanulatum Ericaceae Chimal 146 Rhododendron lepidotum Ericaceae Sunpati Gustung k 147 Rhohodendron anthopogon Ericaceae Sunpati Warmi lake 148 Ribes alpestre Grossulariaceae 149 Roripa indica Brassicaceae 150 Rosa sericea Rosaceae Ryuili Chyangtung 151 Roscoea purpurea Zingiberaceae Monsonmela 152 Rubia manjith Rubiaceae Majitho Gurjakhani 85 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 153 Rubus ellipticus Rosaceae Ainselu Bobang 154 Rubus foliolosus Rosaceae Ainselu 155 Rumex nepalensis Polygonaceae Padamchal 156 Salix calyculata Salicaceae Rainsa Ustung 157 Salix sikkimensis Salicaceae Bainsa 158 Salvia hians Lamiaceae 159 Sapium insigne Euphorbiaceae Khirro 160 Sarcococca hookerana Buxaceae Gurjakhani 161 Saxifraga andersonii Saxifragaceae Bayali 162 Saxifraga brachypoda Saxifragaceae Warmi lake 163 Saxifraga sp Saxifragaceae Bayali 164 Scurrula eleta Loranthaceae Ainjeru Gurjakhani 165 Selinum tenuifolium Umbelliferae Bhutkesh Gustung 166 Senecio graciliflorus Asteraceae Khara 167 Siegesbeckia orientalis Asteraceae Kuroo 168 Skimmia anquetilia Rutaceae Narku Gurjakhani, 169 Smilacina purpurea Liliaceae Gurjakhani 170 Smilax aspera Liliaceae Gurjakhani 171 Sorbus microphylla Rosaceae Monsun mela 172 Spiraea arcuata Rosaceae Gurjakhani 173 Taxus wallichiana Taxaceae Kandeloto Deurali, 174 Thalicrum cultarum Ranunculaceae 175 Thermopsis barbata Leguminosae 176 Trigonella emodi Bemth. Leguminosae Deurali 177 Trillidium govanianum Liliaceae Gurjakhani 178 Triosteum himalayanum Caprifoliaceae Maurikhaja Gurjaghat 179 Tsuga dumosa Pinaceae Kupi salla, Deurali 180 Urtica dioica Urticaceae Sisnu Gurjakhani 181 Valeriana wallichii Jones Valerianaceae Simjadi Bobang 182 Viburnum erubescens Sambaucaceae Lissya Deurali 183 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Asclepiadaceae Latokosero Dhorpatan 184 Voila biflora Violaceae Tamik Bayali 185 Zanthoxylum armatum Rutaceae Timur Dhorpatan Source: Ripu Kunwar 2007/DNPWC/DHR 86 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 3 List of Mammals Recorded in DHR and its Proposed BZ SN Scientific Name English Name Family 1 Ailurus fulgens Red Panda Ursidae 2 Anathana ellioti Shrew Soricidae 3 Canis aurcus Jackal Canidae 4 Canis lupus Grey Wolf Canidae 5 Cuon alpinus Wild Dog Canidae 6 Cynoptenis sphins Bat Pteropodidae 7 Felis bengalensis Leopard Cat Felidae 8 Felis lynx Lynx Felidae 9 Funambulus palmarum Tree Squirrel Sciuridae 10 Golunda ellioti Bush Rat Muridae 11 Hemitragus jemlachicus Himalayan Thar Bovidae 12 Hylopetes alboniger Flying Squirrel Sciuridae 13 Hystrix indica Indian Procupine Hystricidae 14 Lepus nigricollis Hare Herpestidae 15 Macaca radiata Rhesus Monkey Cercpithecidae 16 Martes flavigula Yellow throated Marten Mustelidae 17 Merpestes edwardsi Common Mongoose Herpestidae 18 Moschus chrysogaster Musk Deer Moschidae 19 Muntiacus muntjak Barking Deer Cervidae 20 Naemorhedus goral Himalayan Goral Bovidae 21 Naemorhedus samatraensis Himalayan Serow Bovidae 22 Neofelis nebulosa Clouded Leopard Felidae 23 Niviventer White bellied Rat Muridae 24 Ochotona roylei Pica Ochotonidae 25 Panthera pardus Common Leopard Felidae 26 Panthera uncia Snow Leopard Felidae 27 Presbytis entellus Common Languor Cercopithecidae 28 Pseudois nayaur Bharal Bovidae 29 Sorex minutus Urasion Pigmy Shrew Soricidae 30 Sus scrofa Wild Boar Suidae 31 Ursus thibetanus HimalayanBlack bear Ursidae 32 Vulpes Red Fox Canidae Source: DHR office record and local consultations 87 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 4 List of Birds recorded in DHR and its Proposed BZ S.N. Scientific Name Common Name Family 1 Accipiter nisus Northern sparrow hawk Accipitridae 2 Acridotheres tristis Common mynah Sturnidae 3 Aegithalos concinnus Black-throated tit Aegithalidae 4 Aethopyga ignicauda Fire-tailed sunbird Nectariniidae 5 Aethopyga nipalensis Green-tailed sunbird Nectariniidae 6 Alauda gulgula Oriental skylark Alaudidae 7 Alcedo atthis Common kingfisher Alcedinidae 8 Alectoris chukar Chukar partridge Phasianidae 9 Anthus hodgsoni Olive-backed Pipit Motacillidae 10 Anthus sylvanus Upland Pipit Motacillidae 11 Apus melba Alpine swift Apodidae 12 Buteo Common buzzard Falconidae 13 Caprimulgus indicus Jungle nightjar Caprimulgidae 14 Carpodacus nipalensis Dark breasted rosefinch Fringillidae 15 Carpodacus pulcherrimus Beautiful rosefinch Fringillidae 16 Carpodacus rhodopepuls Spot winged rosefinch Fringillidae 17 Catreus wallichii Cheer pheasant Phasianidae 18 Cephalopyrus flammiceps Fire-capped tit Paridae 19 Certhia familiaris Common treecreeper Certhiidae 20 Certhia himalayan Bar-tailed treecreeper Certhiidae 21 Certhia nipalensis Rusty-flanked treecreeper Certhiidae 22 Cettia brunnifrons Grey-side bush warbler Cettiidae 23 Chaimarrornis leucocephalus White-capped redstart Muscicapidae 24 Chelidorhynx hypoxantha Yellow-bellied fantail Stenostiridae 25 Chloris spinoides Yellow-breasted green finch Fringillidae 26 Ciconia episcopus Woolly-necked Stork Ciconiidae 27 Ciconia nigra Black Stork Ciconiidae 28 Cinclus pallasii Brown dipper Muscicapidae 29 Circus cyaneus Hen harrier Accipitridae 30 Circus marcrourus Pallid harrier Accipitridae 31 Columba hodgsonii Speckled wood pigeon Columbidae 32 Columba leuconota Snow pigeon Columbidae 33 Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle crow Corvidae 34 Cuculus carnorus Common cuckoo Cuculidae 35 Cuculus saturatus Oriental cuckoo Cuculidae 36 Culicicapa ceylonensis Grey-headed flycatcher Stenostiridae 37 Delichon nipalenses Nepal house martin Hirundinidae 88 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 38 Dendrocopos auriceps Brown-fronted pied woodpecker Picidae 39 Dendrocopos himalayensis Himalayan pied woodpecker Picidae 40 Dendrocopos hyperythrus Rufous-bellied woodpecker Picidae 41 Dicaeum ignipectus Buff-bellied flowerpecker Dicaeidae 42 Dicrurus leucophaeus Ashy drongo Dicruridae 43 Emberiza cia Rock bunting Emberizidae 44 Emberiza fucata Chestnut-earred bunting Emberizidae 45 Emberiza pusilla Little bunting Emberizidae 46 Enicurus scouleri Little forktail Muscicapidae 47 Eumyias thalassinus Verditer flycatcher Muscicapidae 48 Falco tirununculus Common kestrel Phasianidae 49 Ficedula parva Red-breasted flycatcher Muscicapidae 50 Ficedula strophiata Orange-gorgeted flycatcher Muscicapidae 51 Ficedula superciliaris Ultramarine flycatcher Muscicapidae 52 Ficedula tricolor Slaty blue flycatcher Muscicapidae 53 Ficedula westermanni Little pied flycatcher Muscicapidae 54 Fulvetta vinipectus White-browed fulvetta Sylviidae 55 Garrulax affinis Black faced laughing thrush Leiothrichidae 56 Garrulax albogularis White-throated laughing thrush Leiothrichidae 57 Garrulax lineatus Streaked laughing thrush Leiothrichidae 58 Garrulax ocellatus Spotted laughing thrush Leiothrichidae 59 Garrulax striatus Striated laughing thrush Leiothrichidae 60 Garrulax variegatus Variegated laughing thrush Leiothrichidae 61 Garrulus lanceolatus Lanceolate jay Corvidae 62 Geokichla citrina Orange-headed ground Thrush Turdidae 63 Glaucidium cuculoides Asian barren owlet Strigidae 64 Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier Accipitridae 65 Gyps himalayensis Himalayan griffon vulture Accipitridae 66 Hierococcyx sparverioides Large hawk cuckoo Cuculidae 67 Hodgsonius phoenicuroides White-bellied redstart Muscicapidae 68 Horornis fortipes Brown-flanked bush warbler Cettiidae 69 Hypsipetes leucocephalus Black bulbul Cinclidae 70 Ibidohyncha struthersii Ibisbill Ibidorhynchidae 71 Lanius schach Long-tailed shrike Laniidae 72 Lanius tephronotus Grey-backed shrike Laniidae 73 Lonchura punctulata Scaly breasted munia Estrildidae 74 Lophophanes dichrous Grey-crested tit Paridae 75 Luscinia brunnea Indian blue robin Muscicapidae 76 Megaceryle lugubris Crested kingfisher Alcedinidae 89 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 77 Megalaima virens Great barbet Megalaimidae 78 Melophus lathami Crested bunting Emberizidae 79 Milvus migrans Black kite Accipitridae 80 Minla strigula Chestnut-tailed minla Leiothrichidae 81 Monticola cinclorhyncha Blue-capped rock thrush Muscicapidae 82 Motacilla alba White wagtail Campephagidae 83 Motacilla cinerea Grey wagtail Motacillidae 84 Muscicapa sibirica Asian sooty flycatcher Muscicapidae 85 Mycerobas affinis Collared grosbeak Fringillidae 86 Mycerobas carnipes White-winged grosbeak Emberizidae 87 Myophonus caeruleus Blue whistling thrush Muscicapidae 88 Neophronpercnopterus Egyptian vulture Accipitridae 89 Nucifraga caryocatactes Eurasian nutcracker Corvidae 90 Otus spilocephalus Mountain scops owl Strigidae 91 Pariparus ater Coal tit Paridae 92 Pariparus melanolophus Spot winged black tit Paridae 93 Pariparus rubidiventris Rufous-vented black tit Paridae 94 Parus monticolus Green backed tit Paridae 95 Parus xanthogenys Black lored tit Paridae 96 Passer domestica House sparrow Passeridae 97 Passer montanus Eurasian tree sparrow Passeridae 98 Passer rutilans Cinnamon sparrow Emberizidae 99 Pericrocotous ethologus Long-tailed minivet Pycnonotidae 100 Phoenicurus frontails Blue-fronted redstart Muscicapidae 101 Phoenicurus ochruros Black redstart Muscicapidae 102 Phyllascopus reguloides Blyth’s crowned warbler Phylloscopidae 103 Phylliascopus magnirostris Larger-billed leaf warbler Phylloscopidae 104 Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow-browed warbler Phylloscopidae 105 Phylloscopus occipitalis Western crowned warbler Phylloscopidae 106 Phylloscopus pulcher Orange-barred leaf warbler Phylloscopidae 107 Phylloscopus xanthoschistos Grey-hooded warbler Phylloscopidae 108 Phylloscoupus maculipennis Grey-faced leaf warbler Phylloscopidae 109 Picus squamatus Scaly-bellied green woodpecker Picidae 110 Poecile atricapillus Black-capped tit Paridae 111 Prinia criniger Striated prinia Cisticolidae 112 Pucrasia macrolopha Koklass pheasant Phasianidae 113 Pyrrhocorax Red-billed chough Corvidae 114 Pyrrhula erythrocephala Red-headed bullfinch Fringillidae 115 Regulus Goldcrest Regulidae 90 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 116 Rhyacornis fuliginosus Plumbeous redstart Muscicapidae 117 Saxicola ferreus Grey bushchat Muscicapidae 118 Saxicola torquatus Common stonechat Muscicapidae 119 Scolopax rusticola Eurasian woodcock Scolopaci 120 Seicurcus burkii Golden-spectacled warbler Phylloscopidae 121 Sitta himalayansis White-tailed nuthatch Sittidae 122 Spilornis cheela Crested serpent eagle Accipitridae 123 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove Columbidae 124 Streptopelia orientalis Oriental turtle Columbidae 125 Strix aluco Tawny owl Strigidae 126 Tarsiger chrysaeus Golden bush-robin Muscicapidae 127 Tarsiger cyanurus Orange-flanked bush-robin Muscicapidae 128 Tragopan satyra Satyr tragopan Phasianidae 129 Turdus albocinctus White-collared blackbird Turdidae 130 Turdus boulboul Grey-winged blackbird Turdidae 131 Turdus ruficollis Dark-throated thrush Turdidae 132 Turdus viscivorus Mistle thrush Turdidae 133 Upupa epops Hoopoe Upupidae Leach 134 Urocissa flavirostris Yellow-billed blue magpie Corvidae 135 Yuhina gularis Stripe-throated yuhine Zosteropidae 136 Zoothera wardii Pied ground thrush Turdidae 137 Zosterops palpebrosus Oriental white eye Zosteropidae Source: Inskipp, C. (1998), Nepal’s Forest Birds Annex 5 Existing and Proposed Reserve and Security Posts in DHR SN Post Post Type District Remarks Reserve Army Combined 1 Dhorpatan HQ √ Baglung Reserve and Nepali Army HQ 2 Deurali Range post ,, Reserve entry point 3 Niseldhor Guard Post ,, 4 Masa Guard Post ,, Proposed 5 Gurjakhani Range Post Myagdi 6 Gurjaghat Guard Post ,, 7 Jaljala Guard Post ,, 8 Takasera Sector Post Rukum 9 Maikot Range post ,, Damaged by Maoist 10 Dule Guard Post ,, Proposed 11 Pelma Guard Post ,, Proposed 91 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 6 Research studies conducted in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve SN Topic of Research Name of Researcher Year 1 Himalayan Sikar Reserve: Survey and Management. Wegge P. 1976 2 Report on Overall Assessment of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Bajamaya S. et al. 1990 3 Trophy Hunting in Nepal. Austegard, G. and S. Hauglanel 1993 4 A Field Survey Report Submitted by Dhaulagiri Safari Management Group Dhaulagiri Safari Group 1993 5 Nepal's Forest Birdes: Their Status and Conservation. Inscip C. 1998 6 Management Problems and Suggestions: Book Published by Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Thapa B. B. 2000 7 Problems and Prospects of Hunting Management in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baral A. N. 2001 8 Status and Distribution of Cheer Pheasant in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Subedi P. 2004 9 Status of Musk Deer in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Karki M. B. 2007 10 Inventory of High Altitude Wetland (Warmy lake) in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Kunwar R.M. 2007 11 Study on Status of Blue Sheep and Jharal in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Thapa B.B and Karki J. 2007 12 An Assessment of Yarsagumba Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Thapa B. B. et al. 2012 13 Summer Diet and Distribution of the Red Panda in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Achyut Aryal, et al. 2012 14 Study on status of Blue Sheep and Jharal in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Kandel Birender et al. 2011 15 Study on status of Blue Sheep and Jharal in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Baral Ana Nath et al. 2016 16. Study on status of Himalayan tahr in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baral, Ana Nath et.al. 2017 92 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 7 Organizational Structure of DHR Takasera Sector Assist Conservation Officer-1 Ranger-1 Kharidar-1 S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Deurali Range Post Ranger -1 S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Gurjakhani Range Post Ranger-1 S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Administration Section Admin. Asst. 1 Com Operator-1 Clerk-1 Helper-1 Driver -1 Account Section Accountant-1 Legal and Anti poaching Section Ranger-1 Clerk - 1 S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Buffer Zone and Monitoring Section Assit. Conservation Officer-1 Ranger-1 S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Planning Section Ranger-1 S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Gurjjghat Post S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Jaljala Post S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Maikot Ranger Post Ranger- 1 S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Dule Post S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Pelma Post S. Gamescout-1 Gamescout-3 Niseldhor Post S. Gamescout 1 Gamescout-3 Masa Post S. Gamescout 1 Gamescout-3 Chief Conservation Officer -1 Under Secretary (Tech.) 93 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 8 Organizational Composition of Staff in DHR SN Designation Class Service Group Number Remarks 1 Chief Conservation Officer Gazetted Class Second (Tech) Forest National Parks and Wildlife 1 2 Assistant Conservation Officer Gazetted Class Third (Tech) Forest National Parks and Wildlife 2 3 Accountant NonGazetted Class First Administration Account 1 4 Ranger Non-gazetted Class First (Tech) Forest National Parks and Wildlife 7 5 Admin. Asst Non-gazetted Class First Administration General Administration 2 6 Computer Operator Non-gazetted Class First Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 1 7 Clerk Non-gazetted Class Second Administration General Administration 2 8 Senior Gamescout Non-gazetted Class Second Forest National Parks and Wildlife 13 9 Gamescout Unclassed Forest National Parks and Wildlife 39 10 Driver Unclassed Administration General Administration 1 11 Office Helper Unclassed Administration General Administration 1 Total 70 Annex 9 Infrastructures damaged during insurgency in DHR S.N. Damaged Infrastructures Initial construction cost Estimated cost (2064) for reconstruction, maintenance Remarks 1. Dhorpatan Headquarter Old warden quarter 99,994.13 100,000.00 maintenance New warden quarter 269,218.74 200,000.00 ,, Office building 140,964.75 100,000.00 ,, Old Ranger quarter 100,000.00 150,000.00 ,, Staff quarter (lower) 100,000.00 100,000.00 ,, Staff quarter ( middle) 49,997.00 500,000.00 ,, Staff quarter (upper new) 236,997.03 50,000.00 ,, 94 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Store building 100,000.00 50,000.00 ,, Horse shed 14,999.75 40,000.00 ,, Kitchen house 47,685.40 50,000.00 ,, Toilets (6) 120,000.00 100,000.00 repair/reconst 2. Maikot Post office cum quarter 74,064.73 1000,000.00 reconstruction 3. Takasera Post office cum quarter 74,064.73 150,000.00 maintenance 4. Neseldhor Post office cum quarter 400,000.00 150,000.00 ,, 5. Gurjaghat Post office cum quarter 136,856.54 70,000.00 ,, 6. Gurjakhani Post office cum quarter 200000.00 100,000.00 ,, A Sub total (buildings) Rs. 2164,842.60 Rs. 2910,000.00 7. Miscellaneous Estimated cost of damaged materials Estimated cost for re purchase Solar sets, Furnitures, Machinery equipments, Kitchen ware, Tents, Sleeping bags, Books, Reports, Weapons (Gun, Khukuri etc), Wldlife Trophy 1022,652.00 some items were valuable B Sub total (materials) Rs. 1022,652.00 Rs. 2000,000.00 Grand total (A+B) Rs. 3187,494.60 Rs. 49,10,000.00 Source: DHR Office Note : The reconstruction and re-purchase cost was estimated in 2064 Annex 10 Revenue Generation by DHR over a period of 35 years Fiscal Year Revenue Rs. Fiscal Year Revenue Rs. Remarks 2040/041 20.00 041/042 7069.75 2042/043 11503.00 043/044 6027.80 2044/045 16609.30 045/046 25153.80 2046/047 47195.20 047/048 86331.80 2048/049 69153.20 049/050 81513.15 2050/051 59126.00 051/052 57778.00 2052/053 50735.00 053/054 120951.26 2054/055 326833.56 055/056 197506.87 2056/057 156138.76 057/058 151081.00 2058/059 87387.00 059/060 1200.00 95 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 2060/061 900.00 061/062 1800.00 2062/063 3600.00 063/064 6235.00 2064/065 81898.00 065/066 46552.00 2066/067 87003.00 067/068 80670.00 2068/069 221126.00 069/070 432108.00 2070/071 426952.00 071/072 370945.00 2072/073 399105.93 073/074 475370.00 2074/075 8,44,410 Source: DNPWC/DHR Annex 11 Visitors in DHR over a period of 31 years Fiscal Year Tourist Number Fiscal Year Tourist Number Remarks 2043/044 93 2044/045 86 2045/046 137 2046/047 130 2047/048 255 2048/049 230 2049/050 238 2050/051 175 2051/052 172 2052/053 222 2053/054 226 2054/055 330 2055/056 112 2056/057 132 2057/058 96 2058/059 72 2059/060 0 2060/061 0 2061/062 0 2062/063 0 2063/064 0 2064/065 55 2065/066 25 2066/067 17 2067/068 77 2068/069 77 2069/070 88 2070/071 89 2071/072 0 2072/073 91 2073/074 163 2074/075 119 Source: DNPWC/DHR 96 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 12 Boundaries of DHR Hunting Blocks i. Phagune: In west along the trail up north from Uttar Gang at Taka across the Phagune ridge at approx. 12,500 ft.; down to Pelma khola, there turning east upstream along Pelma & Gustung kholas to an about 3.2-4.0 km east sheep ridge east of tributary, along east side of the ridge to the Dhorpatan trail intersection than following trail south to Dhorpatan & back down along Uttar Ganga. ii. Barse: Along the eastern part of Phagune block, up from gusting southwards along the Kharka trail to Dhorpatan, eastwards along Uttar Ganga to Barse Mount trail take-off, following trail along the ridge northwards across pass to eastern tributary of Gustung Khola, along the tributary and Gustung down back to Phagune block boundary. iii. Gustung: Along the top of the Chalikhe pahad range turning north to the head water of Gustung khola, across this to the east side of the ridge separating the Gustung and Murigurja watersheds, Southwards below this ridge on the east side to directly east of the headwater of Gustung tributary, along the tributary down to Gustung Khola, following the river to its confluence with Pelma Khola intersection, then almost due east up to the top of Chalikhe ridge. iv. Dogadi: Along the top of Chalikhe pahad (bordering Gustung block), swinging north the main Dhaulagiri massif, following the base of the Dhaulagiri northeasterly to ridge extending southeast, following top of this ridge to the Seng Dogadi trail crossing, then turning north along trail down to Seng khola, following river down stream to the Dogadi khola confluence, then SE across up to the Chalikhe pahad ridge. The boundaries are easily defined. Note that the lower SE part of the Seng watershed (south of the Seng-Dogadi trail) is included in the Dogadi block. v. Seng block: In the NE following the ridge boundary of Dogadi , at the pass where the trail crosses over to Dogadi it follows the trail down to the khola, then along Seng khola downstream to where it turns abruptly east, from the bend directly southwest up across ridge and the Tarakot trail and down to forested tributary on other side, then following tributary into main Saunre khola, then following Saunre (later called Purbang khola) north to the Tarakot trail crossing Purbang, then following this trail up to Jangla Bhanjyang, at the pass swinging north and then east along the high ridge until interesting the NE corner of the Dogadi block east of the headwater of Seng khola. vi. Sundaha Block: In the east Saurne Khola and the boundary of Reserve towards North, West and South. vii. Surtibang Block: Uttar Ganga River towards North and the reserve boundary towards West, South and East. 97 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 A nn ex 1 3 D et ai le d bu dg et o f th e m an ag em en t pl an SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks 1 P ro te ct io n an d co ns er va ti on o f B io di ve rs it y 13 ,8 00 ,0 00 15 ,3 50 ,0 00 11 ,2 50 ,0 00 14 ,9 00 ,0 00 10 ,0 50 ,0 00 65 ,3 50 ,0 00 23 % 1. 1 R es er ve p ro te ct io n 9, 45 0, 00 0 10 ,0 00 ,0 00 6, 20 0, 00 0 9, 60 0, 00 0 5 ,5 00 ,0 00 40 ,7 50 ,0 00 E st ab lis h gu ar d po st s an d pr ot ec ti on u ni ts (N is el dh or , T ak as er a, Ra nm a, D ul e, J al ja la , M ai ko t, G ur ja gh at , a nd G ur ja kh an i) N o. 8 4, 00 0, 00 0 8, 00 0, 00 0 8, 00 0, 00 0 4, 00 0, 00 0 8, 00 0, 00 0 4, 00 0, 00 0 32 ,0 00 ,0 00 P ro vi de s ol ar p ow er fa ci lit ie s at s ec ur it y po st N o. 15 10 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 R ep ai r an d m ai nt en an ce of h ea d of fi ce , s ec to r of fi ce , R an ge p os t, se cu ri ty o ff ic es . N o. 10 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 2, 00 0, 00 0 In st al l c om m un ic at io n fa ci lit ie s fo r ke y po st s w it h re pe at er t ow er N o. 5 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 25 0, 00 0 R ep ai r an d m ai nt en an ce of r ad io c om m un ic at io n N o. 5 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 In st al l B TS w it h co or di na ti on w it h se rv ic e pr ov id er N o. 5 W ith th e su pp or t of s er vi ce pr ov id er s 98 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks C on du ct p er io di c m on it or in g of b lo ck s du ri ng t he h un ti ng se as on t im es 10 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 2, 00 0, 00 0 P ro vi de w at er t re at m en t fa ci lit ie s at r es er ve p os ts N o. 50 30 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1. 2 A nt i po ac hi ng a nd in te lli ge nc e 3, 20 0, 00 0 3, 70 0, 00 0 3, 70 0, 00 0 3, 45 0, 00 0 3, 20 0, 00 0 17 ,2 50 ,0 00 C am pi ng a nd s w ee pi ng op er at io n du ri ng c ri ti ca l se as on s t im es 15 30 0, 00 0 90 0, 00 0 90 0, 00 0 90 0, 00 0 90 0, 00 0 90 0, 00 0 4, 50 0, 00 0 P ilo t re al t im e SM A RT pa tr ol lin g an d es ta bl is h jo in t op er at io n ce ll t im es 5 25 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 1, 25 0, 00 0 In st it ut io na liz e di st ri ct le ve l W ild lif e Cr im e Co nt ro l B ur ea u (W CC B) fo rm ed in B ag lu ng , M ya gd i, Ea st R uk um t im es 5 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 E st ab lis h, in st it ut io na liz e an d m ob ili ze c om m un it y ba se d an ti p oa ch in g un it s (C BA PO ) to s up po rt se cu ri ty fo rc es N o. 25 10 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 2, 50 0, 00 0 S tr en gt he n A PU a nd in te lli ge nc e ne tw or k T im es 25 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 7, 50 0, 00 0 In it ia te lo ng t er m su rv ei lla nc e of s us pe ct ed ar ea a nd p er so n Y ea rs 5 50 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 99 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks 1. 3 W ild lif e H ea lt h M an ag em en t 1, 15 0, 00 0 1, 65 0, 00 0 1, 35 0, 00 0 1, 85 0, 00 0 1, 35 0, 00 0 7, 35 0, 00 0 E st ab lis h te m po ra ry re sc ue a nd t re at em en t ce nt re s N o. 2 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 P ro vi de t re at em en t an d re ha bi lit at io n to in ju re d an im al Y ea rs 5 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 U nd er ta ke r es ea rc h an d de ve lo pm en t w or k fo r w ild lif e he al th N o. 5 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 1, 75 0, 00 0 C oo rd in at e D LS O a nd co ns er va ti on p ar tn er fo r im m un iz at io n an d va cc in na ti on a ga in st po te nt ia l c om m un ic ab le di se as es Y ea rs 5 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 S up po rt t o es ta bl is h a co m m un it y ba se d ve te ri na ry c en te r w it h m at er ia ls r eq ui re d in m ed ic al e m er ge nc ie s, N o. 3 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 B ui ld c ap ac it y of fr on tl in e st af f to re co gn iz e, r ec or d an d re po rt d is ea se a nd h ea lt h st at us o f w ild lif e N o. 5 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 100 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks A ss es sm en t an d do cu m en ta ti on o f w ild lif e m or ta lit y ca se s in co or di na ti on w it h D LS O N o. 5 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 2 H ab it at m an ag em en t 8 ,8 00 ,0 00 6 ,1 50 ,0 00 9, 15 0, 00 0 7 ,9 00 ,0 00 6, 40 0, 00 0 38 ,4 00 ,0 00 14 % 2. 1 W et la nd s 1, 95 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 1, 95 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 7 ,5 00 ,0 00 In ve nt or y of w et la nd s an d th ei r as so ci at ed bi od iv er si ty v al ue s N o. 2 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 P re pa re a nd u pd at e si te a ct io n pl an s an d da ta ba se Y ea rs 5 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 R eg ul ar m on it or in g of im po rt an t w et la nd s in th e re se rv e Y ea rs 5 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 R es to re a nd r eh ab ili ta te w et la nd s of e co lo gi ca l an d cu lt ur al s ig ni fi ca nc e s it es 5 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 C on se rv e w at er sh ed s ar ou nd s pr in g so ur ce s an d he ad w at er s of r iv er s an d st re am s N o. 10 30 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 2. 2 F or es t an d fi re m an ag em en t 2, 60 0, 00 0 2, 70 0, 00 0 3, 45 0, 00 0 1, 45 0, 00 0 95 0, 00 0 11 ,1 50 ,0 00 Pr ep ar e in ve nt or y an d su st ai na bl e us e pl an fo r fo re st p ro du ct s T im es 2 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 Su pp or t en er gy e ff ic ie nt te ch no lo gi es N o. 50 0 2, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 101 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks Id en ti fy a nd a na ly ze f ir e pr on e ar ea s by u si ng sa te lli te im ag er y an d w eb b as ed t oo ls Y ea rs 5 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 Co nd uc t tr ai ni ng t o re se rv e st af f, A rm y an d lo ca l p eo pl e on fi re fi gh ti ng t ec hn iq ue s; t im es 25 50 ,0 00 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 1, 25 0, 00 0 C on st ru ct f ir e lin e in se ns it iv e fo re st s an d gr as sl an ds K m 10 0 20 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 2, 00 0, 00 0 D ev el op s it e sp ec if ic fo re st f ir e m an ag em en t pl an N o. 5 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 E ar ly b ur ni ng o f gr as sl an ds o n th e ba si s of b ur ni ng r eg im e an d cr ea ti on o f fi re br ea ks an nu al ly H a. 10 0 10 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 P ro vi de f ir ef ig ht in g eq ui pm en t to p ar k po st an d fo re st u se rs N o. 5 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 C ar ry o ut f ir e pr ev en ti on ed uc at io n an d aw ar en es s ac ti vi ti es Y ea rs 5 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 E st ab lis h fo re st f ir e re po rt in g an d st at is ti ca l da ta ba se s t im es 2 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 E st ab lis h fo re st f ir e ea rl y w ar ni ng s ys te m N o. 2 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 102 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks 2. 3 E nc ro ac hm en t m an ag em en t 4 ,2 50 ,0 00 2, 25 0, 00 0 3, 75 0, 00 0 5 ,2 50 ,0 00 4, 25 0, 00 0 19 ,7 50 ,0 00 P re pa re d et ai l d at ab as e on e nc ro ac hm en t in si de D H R T im es 2 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 R eh ab ili ta te /r es to ra ti on H a. 10 0 15 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 4, 50 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 15 ,0 00 ,0 00 A do pt c om m un ic ati on , ed uc ati on a nd p ub lic aw ar en es s am on g lo ca l c om m un it y an d st ak eh ol de rs in w is e us e of w et la nd s, is su es o f fo re st e nc ro ac hm en t an d fir e m an ag em en t Y ea rs 5 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 1, 75 0, 00 0 Co or di na te w it h lo ca l st ak eh ol de rs a nd au th or iti es t o re gu la te in fr as tr uc tu re de ve lo pm en t Y ea rs 5 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 In vo lv e lo ca l c om m un iti es , in cl ud in g w et la nd de pe nd en t a nd th ei r in sti tu tio ns in m an ag em en t of w et la nd s, fo re st re so ur ce s an d fir e m an ag em en t i n co m m un ity de ve lo pm en t z on e Y ea rs 5 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 3 S pe ci es C on se rv ati on 6 ,0 50 ,0 00 5, 85 0, 00 0 6, 90 0, 00 0 5, 00 0, 00 0 5, 55 0, 00 0 29 ,3 50 ,0 00 1 0 % 3. 1 M us k de er 1 ,3 50 ,0 00 8 00 ,0 00 6 00 ,0 00 1, 35 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 4, 50 0, 00 0 103 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks Co nd uc t re se ar ch t o id en tif y st at us , di st ri bu tio n, a nd po pu la ti on e co lo gy o f m us k de er a nd m ap ha bi ta ts in cl ud in g cl im at e re si lie nt a re a an d m ic ro re fu gi a si te s an d po te nt ia l co nn ec ti vi ti es t im es 2 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 Pr ep ar e a M us k de er co ns er va ti on a ct io n pl an fo r pr im e ha bi ta ts p la ns 5 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 Co nd uc t re gu la r m on it or in g by r es er ve st af f to c on tr ol p oa ch in g Y ea rs 5 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 M ob ili ze lo ca l y ou th t o co nt ro l t he p oa ch in g of M us k de er Y ea rs 5 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 3. 2 S no w L eo pa rd 3 ,7 50 ,0 00 2 ,8 00 ,0 00 4 ,7 50 ,0 00 2 ,7 00 ,0 00 3 ,5 00 ,0 00 17 ,5 00 ,0 00 Es ti m at e sn ow le op ar d po pu la ti on in a nd ar ou nd t he r es er ve in cl ud in g co rr id or s an d co nn ec ti vi ti es t im es 2 1, 00 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 2, 00 0, 00 0 Ca rr y ou t p er io di c m on ito rin g of s no w le op ar d an d pr ey p op ul at io n st at us , an d re gu la r m on ito rin g in im po rt an t s no w le op ar d ha bi ta t t im es 2 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 104 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks D ev el op a nd im pl em en t in te gr at ed li ve st oc k/ ra ng el an d m an ag em en t pl an N o. 3 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 Pr ov id e co nf lic t re so lu ti on a nd m an ag em en t tr ai ni ng t o st af f an d co m m un it ie s t im es 15 10 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 D ev el op a nd in st it ut io na liz e co m m un it y ba se d in su ra nc e sc he m e an d re lie f de liv er y m ec ha ni sm T im es 3 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 90 0, 00 0 Pr ov id e ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g tr ai ni ng s (e .g . C ri m e Sc en e In ve st ig at io n) t o pr ot ec te d ar ea a nd D FO st af f, N ep al P ol ic e an d N ep al i A rm y en ga ge d in cu rb in g w ild lif e cr im e. t im es 10 10 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 1, 00 0, 00 0 St re ng th en in te lli ge nc e ne tw or k an d es ta bl is hi ng w ild lif e cr im e da ta ba se Y ea rs 5 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 5 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 2, 50 0, 00 0 105 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks Pr ov id e su pp or t fo r pr ed at or p ro of co rr al s an d al te rn at iv e liv el ih oo ds fo r lo ca l co m m un it ie s in cl ud in g hu m an s no w le op ar d co nf lic t af fe ct ed fa m ili es N o. 25 0 30 ,0 00 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 7, 50 0, 00 0 3. 3 R ed P an da 9 50 ,0 00 2 ,2 50 ,0 00 1 ,5 50 ,0 00 9 50 ,0 00 1 ,6 50 ,0 00 7 ,3 50 ,0 00 C on du ct d et ai le d st at us an d di st ri bu tio n su rv ey s of R ed P an da T im es 2 50 0, 00 0 5 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 1, 00 0, 00 0 M an ag e fo re st fi re s th ro ug h m ob ili za tio n of s ta ff s an d lo ca l co m m un iti es Y ea rs 5 3 00 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 Im pl em en t p ro gr am s on ro ta tio na l g ra zi ng , en cl os ur es , a nd /o r st al l fe ed in g Y ea rs 5 3 00 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 P re pa re ra ng el an d m an ag em en t a nd fo ra ge de ve lo pm en t a cti vi tie s to re du ce g ra zi ng p re ss ur e ar ou nd re d pa nd a ha bi ta ts . T im es 2 6 00 ,0 00 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 106 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks D ev el op g ui de lin es to d es ig n an d op er at e co m m un ity b as ed ec ot ou ri sm p ro je ct s to s up po rt re d pa nd a co ns er va tio n S ite s 2 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 O rg an iz e aw ar en es s ev en ts a nd c om m un ity ou tr ea ch p ro gr am at th e lo ca l l ev el th ro ug h ec o cl ub s, co ns er va tio n ed uc ati on ev en ts , w or ks ho ps a nd in te ra cti on s w ith a fo cu s on k ey s pe ci es in cl ud in g Re d Pa nd a, M us k de er , Sn ow L eo pa rd Y ea rs 5 3 50 ,0 00 3 50 ,0 00 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 35 0, 00 0 1, 75 0, 00 0 4 R es ea rc h, m on it or in g an d ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g 5 ,2 60 ,0 00 3, 50 5, 00 0 7, 96 5, 00 0 2, 30 0, 00 0 3, 29 0, 00 0 22 ,3 20 ,0 00 8% 4. 1 R es ea rc h 5 00 ,0 00 10 00 ,0 00 3 ,5 50 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 8 00 ,0 00 6 ,3 50 ,0 00 St ud ie s on e xp an si on a nd eff ec ts o f i nv as iv e sp ec ie s on h ab ita ts T im es 1 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 St ud y on o ve ra ll im pa ct of tr op hy h un tin g on bi od iv er si ty c on se rv ati on an d po pu la tio n dy na m ic s T im es 1 7 50 ,0 00 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 107 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks U nd er ta ke s ur ve ys o f B ird an d in di ca to rs s pe ci es of s m al l m am m al s on pe ri od ic b as is T im es 2 5 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 Pr ep ar e la nd u se p la ns fo r cr iti ca l r an ge la nd s T im es 1 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 U pd at e di gi ta l d at ab as e fo r ke y sp ec ie s' in fo rm ati on T im es 2 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 D is tr ib ut io n, s ta tu s, a nd pr ey p re da to r an d hu m an in te rf ac e o f ke y sp ec ie s su ch a s Sn ow le op ar d an d G re y w ol f ti m es 1 7 50 ,0 00 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 C on du ct s tu dy o f cl im at e ch an ge i n d ic at o rs a n d im p ac t o n b io d iv e rs it y c o n se rv a ti o n a lo n g w it h i d e n ti fi ca ti o n o f ad ap ta tio n ac tiv iti es , T im es 1 7 50 ,0 00 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 H um an w ild lif e co nf lic t st u d ie s in r e la ti o n t o sp e ci e s su ch a s Sn o w le op ar d, G re y w ol f, W ild do g, B la ck b ea r T im es 2 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 H ab ita t m ap pi ng o f im po rt an t ( cr iti ca l) w ild lif e ha bi ta t a nd a re as o f h ig h co ns er va tio n si gn ifi ca nc e T im es 1 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 4. 2 M on it or in g 3 ,1 00 ,0 00 1 ,7 00 ,0 00 3 ,2 00 ,0 00 1 ,1 00 ,0 00 1 ,2 00 ,0 00 10 ,3 00 ,0 00 108 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks P er io di c m on ito ri ng o f w at er q ua lit y of d iff er en t w et la nd s T im es 2 5 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 M on ito ri ng o f i nd ic at or sp ec ie s to a ss es s ha bi ta t co nd iti on T im es 2 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 M on ito r w ild lif e sp ec ie s ar ou nd h um an se tt le m en ts to a ss es s H W C st at us w ith lo ca l co m m un ity e ng ag em en t T im es 2 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 F or es t fi re m on ito ri ng Y ea rs 5 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 M on ito rin g of p op ul ati on s of k ey s pe ci es s uc h as M us k de er , R ed P an da , Sn ow L eo pa rd , G re y w ol f, Ch ee r an d pr ey s pe ci es T im es 2 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 M on ito ri ng o f k ey ha bi ta ts , r an ge la nd s an d liv es to ck g ra zi ng p re ss ur e T im es 2 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 E st ab lis h pe rm an en t ex pe ri m en ta l p lo ts (c on tr ol a nd tr ea tm en t) to g at he r in fo rm ati on pe rt ai ni ng to g ra ss la nd m an ag em en t a nd bi od iv er si ty m on ito ri ng N o. 10 1 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 109 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks S et u p C li m at e ch an ge an d w ea th er m on it or in g sy st em N o. 3 1 ,5 00 ,0 00 1 ,5 00 ,0 00 3, 00 0, 00 0 ` 4, 50 0, 00 0 4. 3 C ap ac it y bu ild in g 1 ,6 60 ,0 00 8 05 ,0 00 1 ,2 15 ,0 00 7 00 ,0 00 1 ,2 90 ,0 00 5 ,6 70 ,0 00 O ri en ta ti o n t ra in in g to se cu ri ty u ni ts T im es 15 30 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 45 0, 00 0 T ea m b ui ld in g w or ks ho ps T im es 5 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 O ri en ta ti o n t ra in in g to G a m e S co u ts o n l e ga l is su es T im es 2 30 ,0 00 30 ,0 00 30 ,0 00 60 ,0 00 W ild lif e m an ag em en t a nd ha nd lin g tr ai ni ng T im es 3 1 00 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 B a si c tr a in in g G a m e s Sc o u ts a n d R an ge rs t o ha nd le G PS T im es 2 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 T ra in in g o n R e al t im e SM A RT p at ro lli ng T im es 2 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 F ie ld m o n it o r in g te ch ni qu es fo r w ild lif e T im es 2 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 T ra in in g on s am pl e co lle cti on (b lo od , f ec al m att er , u ri ne o r vi ta l or ga ns ) T im es 2 1 00 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 B as ic tr ai ni ng o n ve ge ta tio n qu an tifi ca tio n fo r re co rd in g da ta in m on ito ri ng p lo ts T im es 2 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 110 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks T ra in in g on w ild lif e he al th co nd iti on a ss es sm en t T im es 2 1 50 ,0 00 1 50 ,0 00 15 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 T ra in in g to p ar k st aff in w ild lif e ha bi ta t m on ito ri ng T im es 2 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 C ri m e sc en e in ve sti ga tio n an d in te rr og ati on tr ai ni ng T im es 4 1 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 T ra in in g on n at ur e in te rp re ta tio n an d di sp la y m an ag em en t T im es 2 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 H um an r ig ht s tr ai ni ng to h an dl e th e co nv ic te d pe op le T im es 3 1 00 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 T ra in in g on s oc ia l m ob ili za tio n T im es 15 50 ,0 00 2 50 ,0 00 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 T ra in in g of T ra in er s (g en er al a nd s pe ci al iz ed ) T im es 2 25 ,0 00 25 ,0 00 25 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 T ra in in g on a pp re ci ati ve en qu ir y T im es 2 15 ,0 00 15 ,0 00 15 ,0 00 30 ,0 00 P ub lic a dm in is tr ati on a nd m an ag em en t t ra in in g T im es 2 20 ,0 00 20 ,0 00 20 ,0 00 40 ,0 00 T ra in in g on o rg an iz ati on de ve lo pm en t a nd m an ag em en t T im es 2 20 ,0 00 20 ,0 00 20 ,0 00 40 ,0 00 P la nn in g, m on ito ri ng a nd ev al ua tio n tr ai ni ng T im es 2 25 ,0 00 25 ,0 00 25 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 T ra in in g on c on fli ct m an ag em en t T im es 10 20 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 C IT ES tr ai ni ng T im es 6 50 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 111 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks D at ab as e m an ag em en t Tr ai ni ng to R an ge rs a nd O ffi ce rs T im es 4 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 50 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 G IS tr ai ni ng to R an ge rs an d O ffi ce rs T im es 2 1 50 ,0 00 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 5 T ou ri sm a nd En tr ep re ne ur sh ip 3 ,1 20 ,0 00 6 ,1 20 ,0 00 5 ,7 70 ,0 00 5 ,6 70 ,0 00 3 ,7 70 ,0 00 24 ,4 50 ,0 00 9 % D ev el op c om pr eh en si ve to ur is m p la n fo r D H R N o. 1 5 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 S tu dy im pa ct o f e xi sti ng an d po te nti al g ro w th in to ur is m N o. 1 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 In fo rm al n at ur e co ns er va tio n ed uc ati on pr og ra m in c om m un iti es ti m es 30 2 00 ,0 00 1 ,2 00 ,0 00 1, 20 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 6, 00 0, 00 0 T re kk in g tr ai l ( m ot or ab le ) co ns tr uc tio n an d m ai nt en an ce N o. 10 1 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 B ri dg e an d cu lv er t m ai nt en an ce N o. 10 1 50 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 C am pi ng s ite m ai nt en an ce N o. 6 1 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 A ss es s an d pr om ot e po te nti al s oc ia l, cu ltu ra l an d na tu ra l t ou ri sm att ra cti on s in D H R an d su rr ou nd in g co m m un iti es T im es 2 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 112 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks D ev el op a nd e xp an d vi si to r in fo rm ati on c en te r at D ho rp at an a nd o th er en tr y ro ut es p ro vi di ng ba si c in te rp re ta tio n fa ci liti es ; N o. 3 5 ,0 00 ,0 00 5, 00 0, 00 0 5, 00 0, 00 0 5, 00 0, 00 0 15 ,0 00 ,0 00 In co or di na tio n w ith lo ca l bo di es , N ep al To ur is m Bo ar d P ro vi de n at ur e gu id es tr ai ni ng s T im es 6 1 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 S ol id w as te s eg re ga tio n an d m an ag em en t s ite s 15 10 ,0 00 30 ,0 00 30 ,0 00 30 ,0 00 30 ,0 00 30 ,0 00 15 0, 00 0 Si gn bo ar d de ve lo pm en t an d er ec tio n N o. 25 20 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 D ev el op a nd c on du ct gu id ed n at ur e w al k an d na tu re c am p pr og ra m fo r sc ho ol s tu de nt s of b uff er zo ne ; ti m es 30 15 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 45 0, 00 0 Id en tif y an d pr om ot e ho m es ta y fa ci liti es in ap pr op ri at e co m m un iti es ar ou nd tr ad iti on al v ill ag e N o. 10 4 00 ,0 00 4 00 ,0 00 80 0, 00 0 80 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 80 0, 00 0 4, 00 0, 00 0 Co ns er ve a nd m ai nt ai n cu ltu ra l h er ita ge a nd in di ge no us a rc hi te ct ur e to pr om ot e ec o to ur is m in D H R. N o. 5 1 50 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 113 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks Pr om ot e ac co m m od ati on fa ci liti es a t k ey lo ca tio ns N o. 4 in co or di na tio n w ith lo ca l bo di es , N ep al To ur is m Bo ar d an d pr iv at e se ct or U pg ra de v is ito r in fo rm ati on c en te rs N o. 2 5, 00 0, 00 0 5, 00 0, 00 0 5, 00 0, 00 0 10 ,0 00 ,0 00 P ub lis h ne w s an d ar tic le in n ew sp ap er T im es 5 1 00 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 P ro du cti on o f v id eo do cu m en ta ry T im es 2 4 00 ,0 00 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 80 0, 00 0 6 S pe ci al p ro gr am s 4 ,4 20 ,0 00 8, 77 0, 00 0 7, 67 0, 00 0 5, 32 0, 00 0 9 ,5 70 ,0 00 35 ,7 50 ,0 00 13 % 6. 1 R an ge la nd m an ag em en t 1, 32 0, 00 0 2, 62 0, 00 0 2, 42 0, 00 0 1, 62 0, 00 0 2, 62 0, 00 0 10 ,6 00 ,0 00 M ap pi ng a nd z on ati on of A lp in e ra ng el an ds a nd su b al pi ne fo re st s, ti m es 1 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 M on ito r pr io ri ty ra ng el an ds fo r ve ge ta tio n ch an ge s, in cl ud in g in tr us io n of fo re st s Y ea rs 5 5 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 2, 50 0, 00 0 M ap a nd m on ito r ke y flo ra l s pe ci es s uc h as F ir (A bi es ), Bl ue p in e (P in us w al la ch ia na ), Bi rc h (B et ul a uti lis ) t o pr ev en t i nv as io n in to im po rt an t a lp in e ra ng el an ds T im es 2 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 114 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks Co nt ro l f or es t fi re b y re gu la r m on ito ri ng a nd us in g ap pr op ri at e fir e co nt ro l m ec ha ni sm Y ea rs 5 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 Co nd uc t c on se rv ati on aw ar en es s am on g G ot ha la or h er de rs T im es 30 20 ,0 00 1 20 ,0 00 12 0, 00 0 12 0, 00 0 12 0, 00 0 12 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 Pr om ot e so il an d w at er sh ed c on se rv ati on te ch ni qu es to p ro te ct ra ng el an ds N o. 20 1 50 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 60 0, 00 0 90 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 M an ag e in va si ve / un pa la ta bl e sp ec ie s in ra ng el an ds ; T im es 5 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 Es ta bl is h pe rm an en t re se ar ch p lo ts to s tu dy ra ng el an d ec ol og y or pr od uc tiv ity o f P oa sp p. u nd er d iff er en t tr ea tm en ts . s ite s 20 50 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 6. 2 Y ar sa gu m ba m an ag em en t 1 ,5 00 ,0 00 2, 15 0, 00 0 1, 90 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 2, 00 0, 00 0 8, 75 0, 00 0 A ss es sm en ts o f ya rs ag um ba e co lo gy a nd pr od uc tio n T im es 2 5 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 115 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks Fo rm ul at e Ya rs ag um ba an d N TF P h ar ve st re gi m es an d p ro to co ls w ith a pp ro pr ia te m on ito ri ng a nd re gu la tio ns , T im es 2 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 Co nd uc t v al ue c ha in an al ys es , a nd m ar ke t pr om oti on s to e ns ur e hi gh q ua lit y lo w v ol um e ha rv es tin g; N o. 4 2 00 ,0 00 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 80 0, 00 0 Co ns ul ta tio ns to re vi ew Ya rs ag um ba c ol le cti on an d be ne fit s ha ri ng m ec ha ni sm p ol ic y un de r pr es en t c on te xt o f f ed er al sy st em fo r re gu la tio n an d be ne fit s ha ri ng T im es 1 2 50 ,0 00 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 U se o f G IS /m ap pi ng te ch ni qu es to p re pa re da ta ba se a nd m ap s of su ch p ot en tia l a re as a nd to d iff er en tia te a re as o f hi gh a nd lo w /m od er at e pr es su re d ur in g th e ha rv es t s ea so n. N o. 1 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 116 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks Ex pl or e pl an ta tio ns an d ex s itu c ul tiv ati on st ra te gi es o f h ig h va lu e N TF Ps a nd in iti at e fa rm in g of Y as ra gu m ba a rti fic ia lly , N o. 3 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 S tr en gt he n m on ito ri ng du ri ng c ol le cti on pe ri od s en ga gi ng lo ca l co m m un iti es th ro ug h es ta bl is hi ng s ea so na l ch ec k po st s; Y ea rs 5 4 00 ,0 00 4 00 ,0 00 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 2, 00 0, 00 0 Pr ov id e tr ai ni ng to ha rv es te rs /c ol le ct or s fo r su st ai na bl e an d qu al ity ha rv es tin g of Y ar sa gu m ba T im es 30 1 00 ,0 00 6 00 ,0 00 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 6. 3 C lim at e ch an ge ad ap ta ti on 1, 60 0, 00 0 4, 00 0, 00 0 3, 35 0, 00 0 2, 50 0, 00 0 4, 95 0, 00 0 16 ,4 00 ,0 00 Co nd uc t p ar tic ip at or y vu ln er ab ili ty a ss es sm en ts an d ha za rd m ap pi ng o f m aj or h um an s ett le m en ts an d pr ep ar e Lo ca l A da pt ati on P la n of A cti on N o. 10 2 00 ,0 00 80 0, 00 0 80 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 2, 00 0, 00 0 Es ta bl is hm en t o f f or es ts an d gr az in g la nd s in pr iv at e an d co m m un ity la nd s to m ee t d em an ds of fo re st p ro du ct s by b ot h lo ca l c om m un iti es a nd en te rp ri se s. H a 10 1 50 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 117 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks Pr om ot e us e of c lim at e re si lie nt h ig h va lu e tr ee s (e .g . s pe ci es s uc h as Ye w [T ax us ] t ha t h av e m ed ic in al v al ue a nd ar e re si lie nt to c lim at e ch an ge ) T im es 4 25 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 Bu ild c ap ac ity o f l oc al yo ut hs a s lo ca l r es ou rc e pe rs on s or a s ci tiz en sc ie nti st s to u se th em du ri ng m on ito ri ng o f vu ln er ab le s pe ci es , ec os ys te m a nd h ab ita t N o. 10 1 00 ,0 00 40 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 In tr od uc tio n of n ew c ro ps va ri eti es a s ad ap ta tio n in te rv en tio ns T im es 2 1 00 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 P ro vi de s up po rt to de ve lo p an d re ha bi lit at e co m m un ity in fr as tr uc tu re s da m ag ed b y di sa st er s N o. 10 1 50 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 D ev el op lo ca l i rr ig ati on sy st em s us in g sm al l re se rv oi rs to h ol d an d re le as e w at er in a re gu la te d an d su st ai ne d w ay N o. 5 1 50 ,0 00 1 50 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 118 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks In st al l a nd p ilo t e ar ly w ar ni ng s ys te m s in a re as vu ln er ab le to n at ur al di sa st er s N o. 3 7 50 ,0 00 7 50 ,0 00 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 2, 25 0, 00 0 Su pp or t t o es ta bl is h m ul tip ur po se c om m un ity bu ild in gs fo r na tu ra l di sa st er s; N o. 3 1 ,0 00 ,0 00 1, 00 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 c o ll ab o ra te w it h l o c a l bo di es Es ta bl is h an d st re ng th en co m m un ity b as ed d is as te r m an ag em en t c om m itt ee s N o. 15 1 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 Co ns er ve w at er s ou rc es by u si ng in di ge no us te ch no lo gy . F or e xa m pl e, fe nc in g ce rt ai n ar ea su rr ou nd in g th e w at er so ur ce a nd p la nt lo ca l t re e sp ec ie s; N o. 10 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 D oc um en ta tio n of c lim at e ch an ge im pa ct s an d in di ge no us k no w le dg e, sk ill s an d pr ac tic es o n ad ap ta tio n T im es 2 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 Co ns tr uc t e m ba nk m en t, ch ec k da m s an d so il an d w at er sh ed c on se rv ati on m ea su re in v ar io us w at er sh ed to re du ce cl im at e vu ln er ab ili tie s N o. 10 1 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 119 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks 7 S po rt h un ti ng m an ag em en t 2 ,4 00 ,0 00 2 ,2 00 ,0 00 2 ,2 50 ,0 00 2 ,0 50 ,0 00 2 ,2 00 ,0 00 11 ,1 00 ,0 00 4 % Pe ri od ic m on ito ri ng o f ga m e an im al s T im es 2 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 R es ea rc h on p op ul ati on dy na m ic s, e co lo gy a nd im pa ct o f h un tin g on po pu la tio n st ru ct ur e of ga m e an im al s an d pr ey ti m es 1 7 50 ,0 00 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 C on du ct li ve st oc k su rv ey s to u nd er st an d an d re gu la te g ra zi ng p re ss ur e ar ou nd h un tin g ar ea s; ti m es 2 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 F or m ul at e pa rti ci pa to ry gr az in g m an ag em en t st ra te gi es N o. 6 2 00 ,0 00 6 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 20 0, 00 0 F or m ul at e m ec ha ni sm s fo r lo ca l e ng ag em en t a nd be ne fit s ha ri ng N o. 1 5 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 Co nd uc t r eg ul ar a nti po ac hi ng a nd m on ito ri ng pa tr ol s of h ig hl y th re at en ed a re as ; ti m es 15 2 00 ,0 00 6 00 ,0 00 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 Co nd uc t e xt en si on pr og ra m s, Y ea rs 5 20 0, 00 0 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 1, 00 0, 00 0 120 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks M an ag e ba si c fa ci liti es an d al te rn ati ve e ne rg y so ur ce s in n ea rb y vi lla ge fo r hu nti ng o pe ra to rs to m in im iz e us e of g re en tr ee a s fir ew oo d; Y ea rs 5 5 00 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 2, 50 0, 00 0 S tu dy s ta tu s an d di st ri bu tio n of a lte rn ati ve hu nti ng s pe ci es T im es 1 7 50 ,0 00 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 8 P ro po se d Bu ff er Z on e m an ag em en t 8 ,6 90 ,0 00 9 ,5 40 ,0 00 10 ,5 40 ,0 00 8 ,2 90 ,0 00 11 ,4 40 ,0 00 48 ,5 00 ,0 00 1 7 % 8. 1 C on se rv ati on p ro gr am 2 ,6 00 ,0 00 3 ,3 00 ,0 00 3, 95 0, 00 0 3, 25 0, 00 0 3 ,5 00 ,0 00 16 ,6 00 ,0 00 F or es t r es to ra tio n in bi od iv er si ty im po rt an t a nd cl im at e vu ln er ab le a re as in p ro po se d bu ffe r zo ne h a 10 0 75 ,0 00 1 ,5 00 ,0 00 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 7, 50 0, 00 0 E st ab lis h m ul ti pu rp os e nu rs er ie s N o. 6 1 50 ,0 00 45 0, 00 0 45 0, 00 0 90 0, 00 0 P re pa re g ui de lin es fo r su st ai na bl e ha rv es tin g of fir ew oo d, ti m be r, N TF Ps / M A Ps T im es 1 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 S up po rt a lte rn ati ve / effi ci en t e ne rg y te ch no lo gi es N o. 50 0 5 ,0 00 5 00 ,0 00 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 2, 50 0, 00 0 Im pr ov e an d in tr od uc e liv es to ck b re ed s ad ap te d to w ar m er c lim ati c co nd iti on s as a p ilo t ad ap ta tio n st ra te gy N o. 10 0 30 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 121 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks S tr en gt he n ve te ri na ry se rv ic es p ar tn er in g w ith G ov er nm en t a nd p ri va te se ct or s T im es 15 1 00 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 Im pr ov e va lu e ch ai n an al ys es a nd m ar ke t lin ka ge s p ro du ct s 5 2 00 ,0 00 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 8. 2 C om m un it y su pp or t 2 ,9 00 ,0 00 2, 90 0, 00 0 2, 90 0, 00 0 2, 90 0, 00 0 2, 90 0, 00 0 14 ,5 00 ,0 00 R ep ai r an d m ai nt en an ce of tr ai ls N o. 15 1 00 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 R ep ai r an d m ai nt en an ce of b ri dg es N o. 15 2 00 ,0 00 6 00 ,0 00 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 R ep ai r an d m ai nt en an ce of c om m un ity b ui ld in gs N o. 10 1 50 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 R ep ai r an d m ai nt en an ce of c ul tu ra l s ite s N o. 5 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 L oc al le ve l c oo rd in ati on m ee tin gs y ea rs 5 1 ,5 00 ,0 00 1 ,5 00 ,0 00 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 7, 50 0, 00 0 8. 3 C on se rv ati on e du ca ti on 1 ,5 40 ,0 00 4 90 ,0 00 1 ,5 40 ,0 00 4 90 ,0 00 1 ,5 40 ,0 00 5 ,6 00 ,0 00 IE C m at er ia ls h oa rd in g bo ar ds , s ig na ge y ea rs 5 1 00 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 S tr en gt he n Ec o cl ub s an d m ob ili za tio n y ea rs 5 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 R ad io p ro gr am s y ea rs 5 1 00 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 O ri en ta tio n tr ai ni ng to c om m un iti es o n co ns er va tio n le gi sl ati on T im es 30 15 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 90 ,0 00 45 0, 00 0 122 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks L ea rn in g an d ex po su re vi si ts T im es 9 3 50 ,0 00 1 ,0 50 ,0 00 1, 05 0, 00 0 1, 05 0, 00 0 3, 15 0, 00 0 8. 4 In co m e ge ne ra ti ng ac ti vi ti es 1 ,6 50 ,0 00 2, 85 0, 00 0 2, 15 0, 00 0 1, 65 0, 00 0 3, 50 0, 00 0 11 ,8 00 ,0 00 D ev el op s ite s pe ci fic liv el ih oo d im pr ov em en t st ra te gy s ite s 15 1 50 ,0 00 7 50 ,0 00 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 2, 25 0, 00 0 N at ur e gu id e tr ai ni ng s T im es 15 1 50 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 15 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 45 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 2, 25 0, 00 0 H om e st ay tr ai ni ng ti m es 8 1 00 ,0 00 40 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 80 0, 00 0 H om e st ay s up po rt N o. 30 50 ,0 00 75 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 P ro du cti on a nd di st ri bu tio n of ti m be r an d N TF P/ M A P se ed lin gs / cu tti ng s fo r pr iv at e an d co m m un ity p la nt ati on s s ite s 10 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 20 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 1, 00 0, 00 0 2, 00 0, 00 0 In tr od uc e im pr ov ed an im al b re ed s s ite s 15 2 00 ,0 00 6 00 ,0 00 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 60 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 9 O ffi ce M an ag em en t 1 ,5 70 ,0 00 1, 24 0, 00 0 8 90 ,0 00 8 90 ,0 00 1, 41 0, 00 0 6 ,0 00 ,0 00 2 % P ro cu re c om pu te r N o. 5 80 ,0 00 1 60 ,0 00 80 ,0 00 80 ,0 00 80 ,0 00 40 0, 00 0 P ro cu re la pt op N o. 3 1 00 ,0 00 1 00 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 10 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 P ro cu re m ul tim ed ia pr oj ec to r N o. 2 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 50 ,0 00 10 0, 00 0 P ro cu re m ot or bi ke s N o. 3 2 50 ,0 00 2 50 ,0 00 25 0, 00 0 25 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 123 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 SN A cti vi ti es U ni t N o. R at e Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r III Y ea r IV Y ea r V T ot al R em ar ks M ai nt en an ce o f v eh ic le , m ot or bi ke s, Y ea rs 5 3 00 ,0 00 3 00 ,0 00 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 30 0, 00 0 1, 50 0, 00 0 F ue l f or v eh ic le L ite r 10 ,0 00 1 05 2 10 ,0 00 21 0, 00 0 21 0, 00 0 21 0, 00 0 21 0, 00 0 1, 05 0, 00 0 S ta tio ne ri es Y ea rs 5 1 50 ,0 00 1 50 ,0 00 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 P ro cu re fu rn itu re ti m es 2 2 00 ,0 00 2 00 ,0 00 20 0, 00 0 40 0, 00 0 P ay m en t o f e le ct ri ci ty , te le ph on e, In te rn et Y ea rs 5 1 50 ,0 00 1 50 ,0 00 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 15 0, 00 0 75 0, 00 0 A nn ua l p er ce nt ag e 1 9 21 22 1 9 1 9 T ot al 5 4, 11 0, 00 0 58 ,7 25 ,0 00 62 ,3 85 ,0 00 52 ,3 20 ,0 00 53 ,6 80 ,0 00 28 1, 22 0, 00 0 124 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 14: Management Plan Preparation Team SN Name Designation Office 1 Mr. Ana Nath Baral Chief Conservation Officer/ Coordinator DHR 2 to 3 Mr. Narayan Rupakheti and Shyam Kumar Shah Management Officer/member DNPWC 3 to 4 Mr. Amir Maharjan /Bishnu Prasad Shrestha Planning Officer/member DNPWC 4 to 2 Mrs. Saraswoti Sapkota Assistant Chief Conservation Officer/Coordinator DHR 5 Mr. Rabindra Karki Computer Officer DNPWC 6 Mr. Santosh K Bhagat /Nurendra Aryal Assistant Managment Officer DNPWC 7 Mr. Barna Bahadur Thapa Consultant Ex WARDEN Annex 15: Management Plan reviewers SN Name Remarks 1 Dr. Ram Chandra Kandel Deputy Director General, DNPWC 2 Dr. Buddi Sagar Poudel Ministry of Forests and Environment 3 Mr. Shyam Bajimaya Former Director General 4 Mr. Fanindra Kharel Former Director General 5 Mr. Bishnu Pd. Thapaliya Asst. Management Officer, DNPWC 6 Mr. Dipesh Joshi Senior Program Officer, WWF Nepal 125 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Annex 16: Participants of National Consultation at DNPWC (2075/07/12) SN Name Designation Organization 1 Man Bahadur Khadka Director General DNPWC 2 Ram Chandra Kandel Deputy Director General DNPWC 3 Shyam Bajimaya Former Director General 4 Fanindra Kharel Former Director General 5 Sher Singh Thagunna Former Deputy Director General 6 Shant Raj Jnawali Chief of Party/Hariyo Ban Program WWF Nepal 7 Ana Nath Baral Chief Conservation Officer DHR 8 Bhumiraj Bhusal Under Secretary DNPWC 9 Bishnu Prasad Shrestha Conservation Education Officer DNPWC 10 Narayan Rupakheti Management Officer DNPWC 11 Laxman Prasad Paudel Ecologist DNPWC 12 Bhupendra Prasad Yadav Asst. Ecologist DNPWC 13 Rishi Ranabhat Asst. Ecologist DNPWC 14 Saraswoti Sapkota Asst. Planning Officer DNPWC 15 Pramod Bhattarai Chief Conservation Officer SNP 16 Ram Dev Chaudhary Chief Conservation Officer SPNP 17 Barna Bahadur Thapa Former Chief Conservation Officer DNPWC 18 Bhoj Raj Pantha Asst. Conservation Edu. Officer DNPWC 19 Bishnu Prasad Thapaliya Asst. Management Officer DNPWC 20 Santosh Kumar Bhagat Asst. Management Officer DNPWC 21 Pradip Joshi ZSL Nepal 22 Dipesh Joshi Senior Program Officer WWF Nepal 23 Bimala Paudel Ranger DNPWC 24 Man Bahadur Khadka Asst. Conservation Officer DNPWC 25 Bhumiraj Upadhaya Monitoring and Evaluation Officer DNPWC 26 Sarita Lama Ranger DNPWC 27 Jyotendra Thakuri BCN 28 Pramila Neupane Ranger DNPWC 29 Rupak Maharjan Asst. Investigation Officer DNPWC 30 Bimala Bhusal Section Officer DNPWC 31 Rabindra Karki Computer Officer DNPWC 32 Arjun Gautam Under Secretary DNPWC 33 Tej Kumar Shrestha Consultant LENS Pvt. Ltd 34 Madhav Khadka Senior Manager WWF Nepal 126 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 127 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Management Plan FY 2076/77-2080/81 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Singhdurbar, Kathmandu Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babarmahal, Kathmandu Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office Dhorpatan, Baglung Tel: +977-068-52112