Resolution No. 53/2024 approving the Blue Economy Development Strategy (EDEA), 2024–2033

2024 – 2033 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE MINISTRY OF THE SEA, INLAND WATERS AND FISHERIES 2024 – 2033 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Title: BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA): 2024-2033 Author: Ministry of the Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries - MIMAIP General Coordination: Department of Policies and Cooperation – DIPOL/MIMAIP Technical Coordination: ■ Planning and Statistics Department – DPE/MIMAIP ■ Blue Economy Development Fund, FP – ProAzul, FP Collaboration and support: ■ Intersectoral Technical Group for the Preparation of EDEA ■ Blue Economy Working Group (BEWG) ■ Interdisciplinary ministries with an interest in Blue Economy ■ Public and Private Sectors ■ Bilateral and multilateral partners ■ Blue Economy Implementing Partners Graphic arrangement: Prelo Clássico Typography Review: DIPOL, DPE, ADNAP, IP and PROAZUL, FP 1st Edition Maputo, July 2024 Copyright TECHNICAL INFORMATION BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 3 PREFACE 1.FRAMEWORK 1.1 The Importance of the Sea and the Justification for the Blue Economy Development Strategy (EDEA) 1.2 EDEA’s Global Framework 1.2.1 Concepts of the Blue Economy 1.2.2 Sustainable Development Goals 1.3 EDEA’s national framework 1.3.1 Mozambique’s Territory 1.3.2 Socio-economic context 1.3.3 Political and legal framework 1.4 Guiding principles 2. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Objective Vision Mission 3. PILLARS AND STRATEGIC CROSS-CUTTING AXES 3.1 Pillars and Strategic Objectives Pillar 1 Fisheries and Aquaculture Pillar 2: Renewable energies and marine extractive industry Pillar 3: Natural capital, environment and circular economy Pillar 4: Tourism and culture Pillar 5: Maritime transport and port and logistics infrastructure Pillar 6: Maritime safety 3.2 Strategic Cross-cutting axes Challenge 1: Good Governance Challenge 2. Knowledge, innovation and technologies Challenge 3. Climate change Challenge 4. Communities 4. GOVERNANCE MODEL 4.1 Definition of the governance model 4.2 EDEA’s management model Political coordination - National Blue Economy Council (CNEA) Executive coordination - National Secretariat for the Blue Economy (SNEA)9 Technical Committee of the Blue Economy (CTEA)0 5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN 6. ACTION PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 05 07 07 07 08 08 08 08 08 09 10 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 17 20 25 28 30 31 31 34 37 46 51 51 51 51 51 52 54 55 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 5 M ozambique is strategically positioning itself to maximise its immense marine, coastal and inland waters capital with the approval by the Council of Ministers of the Blue Eco nomy Development Strategy (EDEA): 2024-2033. The development of a vibrant Blue Economy in Mozambique is based on the vast ma ritime space of 562,000 km2 , the extensive coastline of around 2,700 km along the Indian Ocean, as well as extensive inland water bodies that include important river basins such as Zam bezi, Rovuma, Lúrio, Licungo, Púngue, Búzi, Save, Limpopo and Incomati, Lake Niassa, the reser voirs of Cahora Bassa, Chicamba Real, countless lagoons and swamps. The wealth of ecosystems, the immense marine resources, the occurrence of hydrocarbons, as well as the exceptional potential for maritime transport and logistics of rail-port services give Mo zambique comparative advantages to establish the blue economy as a sub-sector that catalyses the growth of the national economy. The EDEA 2024-2033 is guided by the recognition of the invaluable potential of the Blue Eco nomy in accelerating Mozambique’s sustainable development and is anchored in the principle of the sustainable exploitation of marine, coastal and aquatic resources in their multiple dimensions for the benefit of communities and the national economy. The Blue Economy Development Strategy is a reference tool for policy and strategic planning on an integrated basis for the various activities that involve the exploitation of ocean, coastal and aquatic resources. It provides an integrated approach to meeting the needs of the population through job creation, increased family income, private investment and, while ensuring the need to protect ecosystems and environmental sustainability. The relevance of the EDEA 2024-2033 is justified by its capacity to bring about profound chan ges towards the sustainable use of natural resources, which are the basis of the Blue Economy. The achievement of the vision, objectives and targets requires public and private actors and commu nities to direct their actions, efforts and resources towards eliminating practices that contribute to the degradation of ecosystems and resources in the sea, lakes and rivers. From this perspective, the Blue Economy is intrinsically linked to the Green Economy and the Circular Economy, imposing the need for integrated approaches that give priority to the sustaina ble exploitation of resources, maximising the use of by-products in a circular chain of production PREFACE “Investing in Ocean Health is Investing in the Future of the Planet” BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)6 and consumption without endangering ecosystems and the environment in general. The central aim is to help ensure that the abundant resources of the sea, coasts and waters are a blessing and not a curse for communities and the national economy. It was within the framework of this holistic and comprehensive vision that in 2015, at the start of our first term, we decided to create a Ministry that would ensure the sustainable management of the riches of the sea, coasts and inland waters. The six pillars that make up the strategy were conceived within this integrated vision, namely: (1) Fisheries and Aquaculture; (2) Renewable Energies and Marine Extractive Industry; (3) Natural Capital, Environment and Circular Economy; (4) Tourism and Culture; (5) Maritime Transport and Port and Logistics Infrastructures; (6) Maritime Security. Today, almost ten years later, we are increasingly convinced that activities such as fishing, ma ritime transport, aquaculture, tourism, hydrocarbon exploitation and mangrove cutting must be considered in an integrated way, in their complementary relationship, both in terms of their bene fits and in terms of their impact on the degradation of biodiversity, excessive and illegal exploita tion of resources, terrorism and disasters caused by climate change. The EDEA 2024-2033 consolidates the gains made in building a framework of policies, strate gies, legislation and regulations, in particular the Sea Policy and Strategy (2017), the Law of the Sea (2019) and the Coral Reef Management and Conservation Strategy 2022-2032, and in implemen ting international agreements and conventions aimed at the effective and efficient management of marine, fisheries, coastal and inland water resources. The strategy materialises Sustainable Development Goal number 14, relating to the “conser vation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, as well as the commitments Mozambique has made as a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity; Agenda 2063 of the African Union; the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Re sources and the Convention for the Protection; Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Region of Eastern Africa and the African Blue Economy Strategy 2019. As the saying goes, “we didn’t inherit the Earth from our parents, we borrowed it from our chil dren”. Severe natural events have become more frequent and more severe, with a devastating im pact on the blue economy. We congratulate the visible work of the Ministry of the Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries and all those who have contributed in one way or another to the development of this strategy. Maputo, 12 August 2024 Filipe Jacinto Nyusi President of the Republic of Mozambique BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 7 1. FRAMEWORK 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF THE SEA AND JUSTIFICATION The concept of the Blue Economy is gaining ground in the political and strategic planning of countries and refers to an integrated approach to balancing the sustainable use of marine resour ces, improving people’s living standards and protecting the marine ecosystem in order to create jobs, eradicate poverty and tackle climate change, which requires close cooperation between dif ferent segments of society. Covering an area of approximately 562,000 square kilometres, Mozambique’s maritime space encompasses countless mineral and ecological resources that are of great importance for increa sing the country’s productive capacity and growth. The coastline, which stretches for 2,700 kilo metres and is home to 30% of the population, 60% of whom depend on the sea, is dominated by a variety of environments, including sandy beaches with dunes and lagoons, swamps and mangro ves, estuaries and coral reefs, and is in itself a significant natural resource. In this context, the Government of the Republic of Mozambique, recognising the importance of the sea for socio-economic development, created the Ministry of the Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries (MIMAIP) in 2015. As part of its mandate, the MIMAIP must ensure the development of the policy and legal framework to promote the governance and exploitation of the potential of the sea and inland waters in economic, social and environmental terms, with a view to promoting, growing and competing in a Blue Economy. In its Five-Year Government Plan (2020 - 2024), the government has identified three gover nance priorities: (i) Developing human capital and social justice; (ii) Boosting economic growth, productivity and job creation; and (iii) Strengthening the sustainable management of natural re sources and the environment. The Blue Economy Development Strategy (EDEA) is a tool for managing the economic potential of the sea through the application of scientific and local knowledge, ensuring sus tainability and economic, environmental and social inclusion, with a vision until 2033. The EDEA is aligned with national, regional and international policy instruments, namely: the Law of the Sea, ENDE 2025-2044, African Union Agenda 2063 and SDG 2030, and is based on six strategic pillars: a) Fisheries and Aquaculture; b) Renewable Energy and Marine Extractive Industries; c) Natural Capital, Environment and Circular Economy and Biodiversity Conservation; d) Tourism and Culture; e) Maritime Transport and Ports and Logistics Infrastructure; and f) Maritime Security. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)8 1.2 EDEA’S GLOBAL FRAMEWORK 1.2.1 Concepts of the Blue Economy In the global approaches, the Blue Economy is associated with the oceans and sometimes with the coastline. In the approaches related to Africa - UNECA and AU - the subject of inland waters comes up, which is understandable given the importance of large lakes and rivers and, above all, the existence of landlocked countries where inland waters have increased importance for food security, transport and tourism, among other activities. Mozambique is a coastal country with 2,700 kilometres of coastline. Almost 80% of the popu lation lives in the coastal provinces, with just over 30% living in the coastal districts. In addition, the country is crossed by large rivers and has large bodies of water (lakes and reservoirs), which make an important contribution to the population’s subsistence diet and are an important means of transport, with the potential to support other activities that fall under the Blue Economy. 1.2.2 Sustainable Development Goals The “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals, was adopted in 2015. 1.3 EDEA’S NATIONAL FRAMEWORK 1.3.1 The territory of Mozambique Mozambique is located in the south-east of the African continent, between parallels 10° 27’ S and 26° 52’ S and 30° 12 E and 40° 51 E. It occupies an estimated total area of around 1,371,380 km2, of which 786,380 km2 are dry land and around 572,000 km2 are maritime areas, including a BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 9 continental shelf of around 104,300 km2 and a coastline (the third longest on the African coast) that stretches for around 2,700 km. Mozambique is closely linked to the sea, possessing abundant natural resources and a rich marine and coastal biological diversity of high economic and social value, with considerable potential for fisheries and aquaculture potential and a source of income and survival for significant communities. Tourism, especially coastal tourism, together with nau tical and sporting activities, can play a decisive role in the economy and given the export potential and geo-strategic location, ports, logistics and maritime transport play a fundamental role in the Mozambican economy of the future. At continental level, Mozambique also has two important bodies of water, namely Lake Niassa, with a total surface area of 30,800 km2, of which 6,400 km2 (21%) belong to Mozambique, and the Cahora Bassa Reservoir, with a total water surface area of 2,739 km2. On the other hand, throu ghout the national territory, there are around 25 large rivers with permanent flow, coastal and in land lagoons, and flood plains, totalling around 20,000 km2 of continental water surface. All these ecosystems, both marine and inland, are the subject of a broad Blue Economy approach, with par ticular emphasis on fisheries and aquaculture. 1.3.2 Socio-economic context With an estimated population of 30.8 million1, of which around 14.9 million are men and 15.9 million women, the Mozambican population, especially the rural population, is considered poor and depends significantly on biodiversity and ecosystem services for its livelihood. Mozambique is a country with a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of just USD 1,3102, despi te its natural wealth. Its economy is dominated by the extractive industry and associated sectors, a large component of small-scale agriculture, a fisheries sector with limited physical infrastruc ture, in addition to urban/port corridors, although in recent decades, notable progress has been made towards inclusive sustainable development. The performance of Mozambique’s economy is considered to be one of the best in sub-Saharan Africa over the last 20 years3, with an average growth rate of 7% to 8%, and it is one of the main destinations for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the continent. However, given the vulnerability to external shocks, including pandemics and natural disas ters, and their impact on the economy and incomes, this growth over the last decade has not translated into sustainable development outcomes for the majority of its population, posing an ad ditional challenge in the government’s efforts to better address the living conditions of vulnerable communities and leverage the country’s socio-economic development. With several biodiversity hotspots4, looking to the ocean as a potential for future development 1 INE 2021 2 Statistical Yearbook 2020 3 Ditto 4 In Mozambique, 29 key biodiversity areas have been identified and delineated, covering a total area of around 139,947.05 km2, of which 25 (86 per cent) occupy 134,019.16 km2 in the terrestrial environment and 4 (14 per cent) occupy 5,927.89 km2 in the marine environment. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)10 is an obvious and consistent path in the face of international trends. With the exploitation of natural resources, Mozambique expects prosperous economic development and the well-being of the population because, although agriculture is the basis of the national economy, natural gas and the various minerals available have the potential to enable the country to achieve structural transformation of the economy and ambitions of sustainable development. However, some of these resources have been the source of many conflicts and disputes, environmental degradation, worsening inequalities and population re settlements. The lack of a binding legal-political instrument on the Blue Economy means that the economic sectors involved in the exploitation and/or conservation of natural marine and coastal resources currently act individually, which has proved counterproductive when it comes to putting an end to the various constraints that hinder the effective and integrated management of natural resources. In this respect, the sea must be seen as an essential axis from an economic, social and environ mental point of view, for the balanced use of resources and ensuring the quality and well-being of Mozambican society. 1.3.3 Political and legal framework Mozambique is a signatory to several international legal instruments related to natural cap ital, some of which are relevant to the Blue Economy, namely: the instruments arising from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, 1982); the International Conven tion for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL); it is a member of the Internation al Maritime Organisation (IMO) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO); signed the “Pan-African Policy Framework and Strategy for Fisheries and Aquaculture Sector Reform PFRS” (2010) and is also a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Region of Eastern Africa (Nairobi Convention). Mozambique also has a comprehensive policy and regulatory framework to govern the com ponents of the Blue Economy, ranging from policies, strategies, laws and regulations for the mar itime and coastal sector, which have been updated to meet the challenges of changing economic activities. The low economic, social and environmental benefits resulting from inadequate planning, weak monitoring and poor coordination of access, use and exploitation of natural capital in the sea and coastal zones are highlighted. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 11 EDEA’s guiding principles are as follows: Principle of sustainable development and balance It assumes a vision of progress that integrates immediate and long-term objec tives, local and global action and considers social, economic and environmental is sues as inseparable and interdependent components of human progress, guaran teeing a balance between economic development and the conservation of marine and coastal resources and the safeguarding of consumer rights. Principle of risk assessment It consists of ensuring that the design, approval and implementation of Blue Econo my initiatives take into account potential cumulative environmental, social and eco nomic impacts, including the respective mitigation and adaptation measures. Principle of Due diligence This means that when deciding on a Blue Economy initiative, it is compulsory to carry out an exhaustive analysis of any investor’s track record in implementing similar ventures, as well as any risk factors. Principle of transparency, community engagement and participation It considers the public availability of data and information, as well as the effective involvement of citizens and traditional authorities in the process of designing, de ciding and implementing Blue Economy initiatives and in the use and conserva tion of marine, inland water and coastal resources, with the active involvement of stakeholders being provided and encouraged through access to information and intervention in the procedures for drafting, implementing, evaluating and revising territorial management instruments, ensuring better acceptance, adaptation and support for the application of the process. Principle of accountability Stakeholders take responsibility for the negative impacts of their activities, adopt ing appropriate measures to prevent, minimise and eliminate them, while at the same time providing information. Principle of strengthening economic capacity and innovation It consists of the duty of all stakeholders to promote the conditions for the devel opment of economic activities related to maritime space in order to improve them in a long-term perspective, based on scientific knowledge and in harmony with the other principles, seeking more effective and efficient ways to meet the needs of present and future generations, without compromising nature’s ability to continue supporting economic activities and well-being. Principle of social and economic inclusion It consists of the continuous provision of economic benefits through the active par ticipation and engagement of stakeholders, thus contributing to food security, pov erty eradication, well-being, employment, health, safety, equity and political stabil ity. Principle of the ecosystem approach and ecosystem integrity The planning and implementation of activities will ensure that the collective pres sure of activities and uses is kept at levels compatible with achieving good envi ronmental status and that the capacity of marine ecosystems to respond to an thropogenic changes is not compromised, while allowing the sustainable use of marine goods and services by present and future generations, which implies a pri mary focus on maintaining the structure and functioning of the ecosystem in the sea, inland waters and coastal zones. Principle of prevention and precaution According to which decisions are made on the basis of scientific information, with out prejudice to local and traditional knowledge, avoiding implementing activities with adverse effects that could jeopardise long-term sustainability in the absence of such knowledge. Principle of inter institutional, multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary coordination and integrated management It promotes the integrated and harmonised involvement of the different sectors and disciplines that make up the Blue Economy in the formulation of strategies that respond to the challenges arising (from the Sea Policy and Strategy) from the inte grated management of the sea, inland waters and coastal zones, in the processes of implementation and monitoring of priority strategic activities, with the state being responsible for promoting this responsible and integrated, intersectoral, multidis ciplinary and transversal management, ensuring the coordination of planning and action in the sea, inland waters and coastal zones. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)12 1.4 Overall contribution of Blue Economy sectors to GDP As part of the diagnostic studies, a socio-economic characterisation of the different sectors that contribute, or have the potential to contribute, to the development of the Blue Economy in Mozambique in 2030 is carried out. Given the lack of data and insufficient variables relating to va rious sectors, it was not possible to adopt effective approximation methods, and it was necessary to resort to the use of proportions and secondary data sources, namely the information contained in the POEM’s inventory and characterisation studies. Table 1 shows the overall contribution to Mozambique’s GDP of the Blue Economy (EA) sectors for which it was possible to work with the available information (looking at the EDEA time horizon) and by scenario (pessimistic, normal and optimistic). These estimates take into account the ave rage annual percentage evolution (growth) of the variables observed in each of the EA sectors and the GDP of these sectors for which data is available. Table 1 - Annual estimate (2023-2030) of the overall contribution to GDP of the Fishing, Tourism and Culture and Maritime Transport sectors (Amounts in 10^6 MZN) Scenarios Year Pessimistic Normal Optimistic 2023 96.102 106.781 117.459 2024 109.493 121.659 133.825 2025 124.926 138.807 152.688 2026 142.728 158.587 174.446 2027 163.275 181.417 199.559 2028 187.007 207.785 228.564 2029 214.431 238.257 262.083 2030 246.142 273.491 300.840 It is estimated that in 2030, the contribution will reach MZN 246,142 million in the pessimistic scenario, or MZN 273,491 million in the moderate scenario, or MZN 300,840 million in the best case (optimistic) scenario, ceterius paribus (keeping the rest constant). Note: The lack of available data was a major obstacle to achieving these objectives, and it was ne cessary to develop approaches based on logical assumptions to determine the socio-economic potential of the sectors and to make projections for each of them. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 13 2. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Objective EDEA’s main objective is to “harness aquatic economic potential through the application of scientific and local knowledge, guarantee ing sustainability and economic, environmental and social inclusion.” Vision To have marine, coastal and inland water resources and the activities associated with them contribute effectively to the sustainable devel opment of Mozambique. Mission To promote sustainable exploitation of marine, coastal and inland wa ter natural capital, which ensures that it meets the needs of the pres ent, conserves it and creates value for future generations. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)14 3. STRATEGIC PILLARS AND CROSS-CUTTING AXES 3.1 Strategic Pillars and Objectives The strategic pillars that structure EDEA and its activities are as follows: Pillar 1: Fisheries and Aquaculture ▪ Fishing ▪ Aquaculture production ▪ Transformation ▪ Commercialisation Pillar 2: Renewable energies and marine extractive industry ▪ Renewable energies (wind, solar, wave, tidal) ▪ Hydrocarbon production ▪ Extraction of mineral resources Pillar 3: Natural capital, environment and circular economy ▪ Biodiversity conservation (including ecosystem services) ▪ Bioprospecting ▪ Circular economy ▪ Coastal management Pillar 4: Tourism and culture ▪ Coastal tourism (including cultural tourism) ▪ Maritime tourism (cruises, pleasure boating, water sports) ▪ Nature tourism (diving, wildlife watching, ecotourism) ▪ Purpose-driven travel Pillar 5: Maritime transport and port and logistics infrastructure ▪ Ports (also includes logistics corridors and shipping channels) ▪ Cabotage ▪ Shipbuilding and repair Pillar 6: Maritime Safety ▪ Maritime safety and security (includes monitoring protected areas and fishing practices) Pillar 1: Fisheries and Aquaculture With 33 percent of its population living along the coastline and 10 per cent in inland riverside districts, earning their livelihoods from local resources, it is a fundamentally rural and poor pop ulation, facing, like the country, cross-cutting axes in utilising its blue economy potential, namely BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 15 competition for access to marine and coastal resources, low employment rates, low income and food production, low investments for the sustainable exploitation of aquatic and coastal resourc es, limited inclusion and ownership by society of the potential of the sea and limited institutional coordination capacity.. Good governance of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture is an essential component for the successful implementation of the EDEA, especially given the population’s dependence on animal protein, the livelihoods it provides and the involvement of women in the fish value chain. Mozambique has a fishing potential of 937,581 tonnes (InOM, 2022), and official statistics point to a use of around 48.5% of this potential, with recorded catches of 455,5444 tonnes (BalPES, 2022). However, the aquaculture sector, which offers great potential, estimated at 4.0 million tonnes of fish (EDA, 2020-2030), remains highly underused, with current production recorded at only 5,519 tonnes (BalPES, 2022). The country has made a serious commitment to boosting the development of the blue economy, embodied in the approval in 2017 of the Sea Policy and its Implementation Strategy, whose specific objectives, in the area of fisheries and aquaculture, are geared towards meeting the cross-cutting axes of developing fishing support infrastructures, combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, the sustainable management of fishing resources and their ecosystems, the planning of artisanal fishing and the integration of the fisheries and aquaculture sector into the Blue Economy approach. However, despite the existence of natural conditions that favour fishing, aquaculture and mari culture activities, the existence of three important fishing ports (Maputo, Beira and Quelimane) and numerous fishing centres with infrastructures to support fish marketing, as well as the gov ernment’s acknowledged efforts, In addition to the government’s recognised effort, embodied in the favourable institutional and legal framework for investment and development in the sector, there are essential cross-cutting axes that need to be addressed within the framework of the EDEA, namely: i) insufficient management of fisheries in order to maintain sustainable levels of ef fort associated with insufficient knowledge of the potential marine resources available; ii) fishing and aquaculture operating costs that are considered uncompetitive; iii) credit lines for the private sector with conditions that are considered unsustainable; iv) the absence of a network of support infrastructures to boost the value chain and improve the capacity for effective control and su pervision of production operations; and v) the risk of disease in the import/export of live aquatic animals and their commercialisation. The set of strategic indicators defined by Mozambique to measure the effectiveness of its Blue Economy Development Strategy include: the economic growth of the fishing sector according to its contribution to GDP, currently estimated at 1.4 percent (INE, 2021); employment in the sector, based on the increase in investment and its impact on the number of jobs created; consumption, by increasing consumption of animal protein (fish) currently estimated at 16 kgs/year to 25 kgs/ year by 2035; the improvement in the well-being of the population, by increasing the number of people whose standard of living has improved. Given the current state of utilisation of fishing potential, achieving the full wealth-generating potential of the fishing and aquaculture sector, in order to optimally contribute to blue growth, BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)16 should be based on developing the value chain, small-scale fishing, attracting investment and fi nancing, with an emphasis on increasing the productive capacity of the aquaculture sector. The EDEA must therefore create the conditions to optimise the conservation and sustainable exploitation of fisheries and aquaculture resources, while promoting integrated resource manage ment actions where the maintenance of healthy ecosystems provides the conditions for fisheries production and actions to qualify the value chain, particularly in terms of modernising infrastruc ture and equipment, taking advantage of the existence of grassroots organisations and regional collaboration mechanisms and the existence of larger-scale markets/buyers/processors that value local production. Strategic objectives: a) Increase the economic, social and climate resilience of this sector, providing equitable ac cess to resources for fishermen and ensuring fisheries with greater commercial value. b) Ensure the supply and consumption of fish at national level, promoting food and nutri tional security. c) Update and/or increase knowledge of exploited or potential fishery resources and their spatial distribution and adopt a code of conduct for sustainable fishing and the precau tionary principle where uncertainty about the state of resources prevails. d) Promote the bio-economically sustainable exploitation of fisheries and aquaculture re sources, improving inter-institutional communication and coordination and monitor ing, minimising conflicts with other activities and reducing disease risks. e) Optimise the marketing of fisheries and aquaculture products by consolidating the val ue chain, namely by improving the infrastructures supporting fisheries and aquacul ture production and the processing of fisheries/aquaculture products, and by ensuring adequate quality control. f) Promote the availability and accessibility of material and financial resources in areas with high aquaculture potential and in the qualification of the value chain for fisheries and aquaculture products. Priority initiatives: i. Promote the conservation and sustainable management of marine, coastal and inland water resources. ii. Create dedicated training programmes and promote the participation of fisheries pro fessionals and aquaculture in specific training actions. iii. To support the installation or consolidation of industrial and small-scale aquaculture establishments for scale production. iv. Promote the creation of modern cooperatives and associations to improve the quality of production and support them and other organised fishing communities in modernis ing the fleet, establishing or improving fish processing plants and identifying markets, particularly through financial services that minimise difficulties in accessing credit. v. Strengthen the network of port, storage and support structures for the commercial BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 17 isation, processing and conservation of fish, increasing their coverage and promoting their use, introducing more efficient technologies and creating conditions for the devel opment of processing and conservation companies. vi. Develop industries linked to the construction and repair of fishing vessels and fishing gear as a way of improving the technological and organisational level of the artisanal fleet. vii. Boost the value chain of fishing and aquaculture activities, contributing to the valori sation of local production (fishing and aquaculture) and the development of process ing and conservation companies, involving communities, responding to new, more de manding food consumption habits and improving people’s dietary conditions. Expected result: The sector’s economic, social and climate resilience, the supply of fish to the domestic market and the contribution of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors to food and nutritional security and the gross domestic product have been improved, due to the implementation of measures to sus tain marine and coastal ecosystems (and the sources of species caught), the modernisation of the fleet and infrastructures and the qualification of the fisheries and aquaculture value chain. Pillar 2: Renewable energies and marine extractive industry Only around 39 percent of the population has access to electricity. However, Mozambique has enormous potential for energy production from a variety of sources, both fossil and renewable. Hydropower is the dominant source (with a production of almost 2.2 GW), and 1,446 possible hy dropower projects have been identified and studied (POEM), with a production potential of 18.6 GW. The other traditional source is biomass energy, which represents any resource that comes from organic matter, whether of animal or vegetable origin, accounting (POEM) for more than 60 percent of the total energy consumed annually in the country (firewood and charcoal), with a technological level of exploitation that is still underdeveloped, But there are a variety of biomass resources for electricity production, from forestry, the sugar industry, cogeneration in the paper industry, and the so-called Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), and the potential of this resource is es timated at 2 GW, although only 128 MW are viable. In INE’s System of National Accounts (SNA), the renewable energy sub-sector is integrated as part of a complex component of electricity production that includes the production, transport, distribution and trade of electricity. Thus, in the accounts for the period from 2018 to 2021, the production of energy from solar sources stood out with significant growth, rising from 1.2 GWh to 69.2 GWh, while energy produced from hydroelectric sources stood out for its preponderance, accounting for 82.9 percent of national production. Energy produced from natural gas accounted for 15.9 percent of total production. There are suitable and favourable natural conditions for the production of renewable energies, especially hydro, solar and wind, whose production costs have been reduced with technological development and, within the framework of the Blue Economy, energy produced from natural gas is included as it is a fuel considered to be in transition to the era of clean energies. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)18 In terms of contribution to GDP, the SCA data presents this sector in a consolidated “Electricity and Water” form, and in 2021 it recorded a contribution of around 2.86 percent, corresponding to a total value of 25,773 million meticais at current prices. It should be noted that the country has been experiencing growth in demand for energy resourc es, averaging around 8% per year (POEM), in terms of final energy consumption and recent market studies point to an ever-increasing trend in energy demand, with average annual peak growth es timated at 11%. According to the Integrated Master Plan for the Development of Mozambique’s Elec tricity System (PDIE), an increase in production capacity of 4,300 MW is expected by 2043. The development of energy from renewable sources in Mozambique will be of great importance within the framework of the Blue Economy, given the economic and social value that energy rep resents, and it can act as a catalyst for the economic and social development of the population. From an economic point of view, on the one hand, it favours the establishment of small business es, which contributes positively to generating income for families, especially the most disadvan taged and, on the other hand, the country still has an energy surplus and is inserted in a region al market that is typically deficient in terms of energy production and consumption, a fact that presents itself as an excellent opportunity to increase exports, thus contributing to improving the country’s balance of trade. From a social point of view, access to energy makes it possible to use domestic appliances and telecommunications equipment, with a major impact on the routine of families’ lives and the con sequent improvement in the community’s standard of living, and on the other hand, it contrib utes to improving the basic public services provided, such as education, health and water supply, among others. It is within this framework that the government is implementing a series of institutional and legal reforms aimed at boosting economic growth and improving people’s well-being, as part of the development of energy projects included in its National Electrification Strategy. In effect, this strategy advocates a balance between the social aspect, with small-scale projects exploiting the potential of renewable sources, and the implementation of megaprojects with a view to building large-scale energy infrastructures, associated with the development of energy-intensive enter prises and exports. Given the forecast growth in electricity consumption of 6 percent per year, it is imperative that the EDEA consolidates the options for adopting internationally accepted best practices in the efficient use of energy, raising public awareness of good environmental practices, diversify ing the energy supply matrix, with particular emphasis on new and renewable energy sources and the opportunities created by the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol1 . Thus, the exploitation of renewable energies from the sea, rivers and lakes is an option that can bring about energy efficiency and decarbonisation of the economy, safeguarding socio-economic development, environmental protection, reducing the impacts of climate change and the develop ment of a low-carbon economy. To this end, legal and institutional conditions need to be created for technological innovation and research to attract low-carbon investments. 1 Resolution no. 10/2009, of 4 June, approving the Energy Strategy BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 19 These innovative initiatives can be supported by the contribution (royalties) of the marine ex tractive industry sector (coastal and ocean mining and hydrocarbon extraction) - see following paragraphs, taking into account the costs for technological transfer and research aimed at reduc ing greenhouse gas emissions. The growing discovery of mineral resources linked to the seafront has sparked great potential for boosting the country’s blue economy. For example, one of the large deposits of titanium, ilmenite and rutile minerals, as well as zircon (a co-product of titanium mining), is being explored along the coast in the Moma district of Nampula, with an annual turnover estimated at USD 100 million. The potential of ocean mining is still unknown, but there is basic information (cadastre and geological and geophysical evaluation studies, offshore and deep offshore) that makes it possible to attract investors to provide a wide variety of products, processes and services, including the prospect of the possible construction of new ports in response to exploration activities for many minerals along the coastal strip. The country is also known to have hydrocarbon reserves, partic ularly natural gas, the potential value of which is around 160 trillion cubic feet (tcf)2 . According to INE (INE, 2022), the Mining sector’s overall contribution to GDP in 2021 was around 7.38%, with production volume growing by around 2.5% compared to the previous year, with a nominal value of 112,913.8 million meticais at current prices. The volume of production is dominat ed by unalloyed aluminium, with a weight of 25.0%, followed by unagglomerated hard coal, with 20.1%, while the production of liquefied natural gas accounted for 5.6% of the composition. In the particular case of hydrocarbons, the number of gas discoveries in Mozambique is sufficient to guarantee long-term production, from which we can expect the emergence of an entire industry geared towards gas production. With the best practices in place and their implementation, there is a great possibility of direct benefits for the country and its people, through the development of direct and indirect employment and the qualification of human resources who will be better paid. For ex ample, it is estimated that LNG projects alone could create more than 700,000 jobs by 2035. Another economic activity that stands out among all the activities along the sea coast is salt extraction. This activity is essentially divided into two categories: the traditional and most domi nant, and the industrial form, which, however, is of little importance given the limited number of existing industrial units. Within the scope of the EDEA there are still a number of cross-cutting axes that will have to be addressed, including: i) the existence of environmental and social impacts associated with any of these activities; ii) the limited capacity to attract investment, particularly in renewable energies, and the weak participation of the national private sector; and iii) the difficulty of recruiting skilled labour. Strategic objectives: a) Promote an inclusive economy through the contribution of the marine extractive indus try sector to the development of blue renewable energy projects, ensuring supply to more remote areas of the country and contributing to the decarbonisation of the economy. b) Support research initiatives and feasibility analyses, and providing investment incen tives for the introduction of renewable energy sources using natural resources (rivers, 2 National Petroleum Institute, 2021 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)20 flat water, wind, waves, sun, etc.) in regions with favourable natural conditions. c) Promote the capacity building and involvement of the national private sector in the coastal and marine extractive industry (minerals and hydrocarbons), reducing techni cal and financial dependence on foreign private investment. d) Minimise the environmental (coastal erosion, pollution, destruction of protected species and habitats), social (resettlements and destruction of resources) and cultural (archaeo logical heritage, including underwater) impacts and conflicts associated with renewable energy production, coastal and marine extraction and hydrocarbon exploration. Priority initiatives: i. Support the implementation of pilot projects for the production of blue renewable en ergies (wind, solar, wave), seeking to develop the associated technology and im prove their attractiveness compared to other renewable sources ii. Identify enterprises committed to reducing methane emissions and CO2 sequestra tion (in the hydrocarbon industry) and ensure their transparent monitoring by the government and civil society. iii. Reduce the impacts resulting from the extraction of mineral resources and hydrocar bons in the coastal space and in interaction with other activities, particularly those of a local nature (fishing and tourism). iv. Improve the living conditions of local communities by strengthening public-private partnerships, training local technical staff, creating jobs and contracting initiatives and channelling income and benefits from social and corporate responsibility. Expected result: Increased energy production capacity from renewable sources and the contribution of the ex tractive industry (mineral resources and hydrocarbons) to improving the living conditions of pop ulations, mitigating its impacts on ecosystems. Pillar 3: Natural capital, environment and circular economy Natural capital consists of the value that the environment delivers to the economy, namely in the form of ecosystem services. These services need to be valued by measuring their impact on society. Natural capital includes the wealth of renewable and non-renewable natural resources, such as the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, the wildlife that maintains healthy ecosys tems, the forests that absorb carbon from the atmosphere and regulate the climate, constituting ecosystem services provided by nature. Mozambique has exceptional natural conditions for the occurrence of a great diversity of coastal, marine and inland water habitats that are home to many species, including threatened, endangered and protected species. These ecosystems have diverse potential, from climate regulation and stabilisation, coastal protection, water and air protection through carbon sequestration and storage, which is important BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 21 for mitigating the effects of climate change, food supply, to contemplation and leisure. Its contri bution to the Mozambican economy is very important, both in terms of fishing, including artisanal fishing, and tourism. Despite the recognised importance of biodiversity and the ecosystem ser vices they provide, they are continually being degraded and economically side-lined. From a socio-economic point of view, in addition to supporting extractive activities, these eco systems are very important, for example, for tourism, an activity that has always played a prom inent role in the national economy and is currently considered by the Mozambican government to be a key component for the country’s development. In this context, conservation areas take on special relevance as many tourists show a strong preference for natural environments, including marine conservation areas: visiting and observing marine ecosystems and their wildlife. The majority of conservation areas are not yet able to generate significant direct income, but the creation and maintenance of areas for the purpose of nature and biodiversity conservation in itself makes a direct contribution to job creation through the jobs needed to maintain and man age these areas, as well as generating employment through the business opportunities creat ed for companies in sectors such as nature tourism and the trade in associated goods (certified products, organic products, etc.). On the other hand, conservation areas play a role in attracting investment through agreements established with various national and foreign organisations and entities, which take the form of subsidies and donations dedicated to programmes and projects to support nature protection and associated scientific research. An example of ecosystem services that stands out is the mangrove forests, important coastal ecosystems that generate ecological, economic and environmental benefits for a large part of the population that occupies the coastal strip. The mangrove forests cover an area of almost 3,000 km2 in national territory, distributed along the entire coastline, although they are more abundant in the central region, in the provinces of Sofala and Zambézia, and occur mainly in the areas of the deltas and estuaries of Mozambique’s largest rivers. These coastal forests are among the most productive areas on the planet and are also considered the most effective carbon sequesters. Given the recognition of the importance of natural capital, Mozambique has adopted a Strat egy and Action Plan for the Conservation of Biological Diversity, which represents a new guiding policy that aims, with long-term objectives, to counteract and combat the loss of biodiversity (MITADER, 2015). As a way of guaranteeing the sustainability of marine ecosystems, the country has invested in measures to conserve marine and coastal resources, as demonstrated by the creation of Marine Conservation Areas (MCAs) that cover 2.2% of the national maritime space3 and the objective, although still to be realised, of achieving the targets proposed at international level (10% by 2020 and 30% by 2030)4 . It should be noted that the creation and maintenance of areas for the purpose of conserving and protecting nature and biodiversity represents a direct contribution to job creation, through the jobs needed to maintain and manage these areas, and indirectly, through the creation of business opportunities for companies in sectors such as na ture tourism and trade in associated goods. 3 United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre 4 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)22 The potential of ocean bio-exploitation is still unknown, but microorganisms are known to be capable of producing a wide variety of products, processes and services with medicinal, pharma ceutical, agricultural, livestock, veterinary and industrial potential, as well as enzymes for manu facturing, which is accompanied by a favourable legal framework, particularly the sharing of ge netic benefits (CBD). Environmental services, particularly those related to sanitation and environmental quality, make it possible to create opportunities for economic and social valorisation, particularly by gen erating employment in the most disadvantaged strata of society. The reintegration of end-of-life materials makes it possible to create the conditions for a transition to the circular economy, a cor nerstone for preventing plastic pollution and operational pollution from various sources, through reallocation, remanufacturing/recycling and reintroduction into the economic circuit, while at the same time creating jobs and encouraging the development of technological innovations. Econom ic circularity requires the intervention of economic agents and public authorities in adopting mea sures to incentivise recycling and discourage the import or production of products that are difficult to degrade as they flow through the environmental chain. Switching to a circular economy can bring benefits such as reducing pressure on the environ ment, as well as greater security in the supply of raw materials, increasing competitiveness, pro moting innovation and stimulating economic growth. According to POEM, in Maputo’s urban area an average of 1 kg of solid waste is produced per person per day, 0.49 kg per day in the suburban neighbourhoods and KaTembe, and 0.20 kg per day in KaNyaka. Of the waste collected, 69% is organic waste, 5% paper and cardboard, 8% plas tic and 9% other, including rubble. A cost-benefit assessment of the Sanitation Circular Economy Project for the Maputo Metropolitan Area concluded that the agricultural valorisation of sludge from the five Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) in operation is an environmentally and eco nomically more appropriate solution than landfilling (-32%), estimating a sludge production of 32.303 m3/year, a distribution of 29,132 m3/year, a cost of landfilling of USD 294,516 per year and a cost of agricultural recovery in areas of less than 10 km of USD 202,097 per year. On the other hand, according to the same source, to date more than 98% of the waste collected is dumped in uncontrolled dumps, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions of 1.5 million tonnes of CO2 per year and serious threats to the health of people living in the surrounding areas. Considering the world average indicative price of USD 25/tonne of CO2, the figure indicated corresponds to around USD 37.5 million/year for Mozambique. Other socio-economic aspects to consider are: the national economic value of reducing the costs of preventing and treating human health in general, and the results maximised throughout its value chain (environmental quality and pollution control) or the market value chains of other economic activities such as tourism, fishing, etc.; savings on investment costs in equipment and infrastructures for the prevention and treatment of resources at source (raw water for public sup ply) and polluting emissions such as wastewater, MSW, waste from construction work or specif ic emissions and waste (hospital waste, etc.), waste and atmospheric emissions, etc.), waste and atmospheric emissions from industrial activity and atmospheric emissions from mobility (road traffic, etc.), plastic waste on beaches and in the sea; trade and job creation in goods and services BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 23 activities for the operation of these infrastructures and equipment and for specific environmental monitoring and protection. Investment in the preservation of natural capital is threatened by exposure to risks and natu ral disasters, which makes coastal communities already weakened by poverty vulnerable. Eco systems are therefore of great interest in interventions in the field of coastal management and protection and climate risks, which requires a combined approach between the public, private and community sectors and innovative financial mechanisms such as the carbon market. Thus, the EDEA should, among other things: i) promote the use of effective economic instru ments for the management and conservation of biodiversity that integrate the environmental costs of producing goods and services, at the same time as communities can count on credits and natural capital assets for investments in conservation actions; ii) take advantage of the various environmental and conservation strategies and policies, including the offset system, to enhance coastal, marine and inland water ecosystems; iii) identify partners and initiatives to establish a bio-exploitation industry and create technical capacity at local level; and iv) invest in “blue” en vironmental economy, circular economy and coastal management initiatives that contribute to enhancing the quality of the environment and coastal zones. Strategic objectives: For the conservation of biodiversity: a) Improve the state of conservation of natural capital so that it continues to provide goods and relevant ecosystem services. b) Promote knowledge of the economic value of aquatic and coastal ecosystems and their services. c) Ensure funding to improve the management, monitoring and effectiveness of marine conservation areas and other sensitive ecosystems. d) Improve the intersectoral coordination of major investments, namely those related to mineral extraction, hydrocarbon production and renewable energies, as well as urbani sation and tourism, in the generality of the coastal strip, maritime space and inland wa ters, and particularly in areas of greater sensitivity to coastal erosion or the occurrence of sensitive ecosystems. For bio-exploitation a) Assess genetic resources capable of catalysing the bio-economy and invest in establishing bioprospecting programmes at universities and scientific research institutes. b) Ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the bio-exploitation sector, both for scientific research and for training human resources and guaranteeing the rights of communities. For an environmental and circular economy a) Disseminate the concept and focus on approaches related to the “blue” environmental economy and circular economy, as a way of simultaneously creating jobs and improv BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)24 ing the quality of the environment, in conjunction with neighbouring countries. b) Reinforce investment in innovation, management and use of waste treatment and re covery technology. c) Reduce the production and import and use of plastics, increasing the extended respon sibility of the industrial and commercial sectors and support and incentives for the re cycling and remanufacturing industry. For coastal management a) Strengthen nature-based measures to prevent and increase resilience to climate change, and to recover from extreme natural events and maritime accidents b) Promote the conservation and restoration of coastal ecosystems (mangroves, coral reefs and seagrass) capable of minimising coastal erosion and the negative impacts of the growing number of extreme weather events. Priority initiatives: i. Map, economically evaluate and publicise the value of ecosystems and their services, including those that contribute to local communities (reducing poverty levels), to tourism and to coastal resilience. ii. Extend and strengthen the network of marine conservation areas, with the support of NGOs and emerging industries at sea, strengthening enforcement in areas with higher levels of protection and involving coastal communities and local public par ticipation in the decision-making process. iii. Identify and operationalise a package of tax incentives suitable for the conservation of natural capital, including those that encourage private participation in the man agement of conservation areas. iv. Create a specific regulation of good practice for activities using coastal, maritime and inland water areas, particularly those involving interaction with wildlife (wildlife watching) and the extraction of resources. v. Ensure that the titles for the private use of maritime space (TUPEM) and the titles for the right to use and exploit land (DUAT) safeguard the ecosystems and biodiversity existing in the areas covered. vi. Promote the involvement of partners and local communities in restoring ecosystems and building coastal infrastructure resilient to natural events. vii. Identify and adopt financial mechanisms for risk transfer and natural disasters, in cluding parametric insurance against climate risks. viii. Deepen partnerships with SADC countries and other partners, and capitalise on the ratification of international conventions and programmes, to establish circular economy projects, improving environmental management, particularly waste man agement, with the involvement of local communities. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 25 Expected result: Increased footprint, quality, resilience and protection of sensitive ecosystems by attributing value to their services and minimising the threats to which they are subject. Pillar 4: Tourism and culture Mozambique has natural conditions for tourism (at all times of the year and in all its differ ent guises), and resources (many still unexploited) of exceptional quality for tourism: diversity of beaches, biodiversity, wildlife, recreational fishing species, cultural and experiential heritage. Among these, the uniqueness of marine and coastal resources deserves to be highlighted, but they have been continually degraded and economically marginalised. Bearing in mind that tour ists are currently very concerned and respectful of biodiversity conservation, failures in its con servation could be fatal to the development of tourism, especially marine and coastal tourism. Also worth highlighting is the growing interest in unique experiences related to Mozambique’s cultural heritage, associated with its long history, the interpenetration of cultures with African, Asian and European influences, as well as the 300 or so historic shipwrecks that exist off the Mozambican coast with potential for the development of underwater tourism. It should be noted that the pres ervation, valorisation, dissemination and enjoyment of cultural heritage is important to guarantee its continuity for current and future generations. Tourism in Mozambique depends fundamentally on two value chains: i) leisure tourism, the one that drove the early years of tourism development in the country, highly influenced by his torical and geographical ties with the region, South Africa and Zimbabwe and to a lesser extent, long-distance international markets such as Europe and the Americas; and ii) corporate or busi ness tourism, which has recently become more important and relevant as a result of the discovery and potential short-term developments of vast reserves of natural resources, mainly in the north of the country. Tourism is a constantly growing economic sector around the world. As an economic sector, tourism is one of the few that can contribute to growth and employment on the scale needed to make a difference in Mozambique. The package of economic acceleration measures approved for 2022, which includes tax incentives for sectors such as tourism, and the revision of the general visa regime for entering the country, could promote a greater flow of tourists and businesspeople, generating more revenue for the economy and, consequently, more jobs. These conditions and resources represent great potential for the rooting and dissemination of culture, the democratisation of tourism and the consequent sustainable development of coastal communities, anchored in a legal framework that is favourable to the promotion and development of all services and economic activities related to culture and tourism, including principles of social and economic development and respect for heritage, in particular the tourism policy and strategic plan and the Areas of Tourist Interest (ZIT) and Priority Areas of Tourist Interest (APIT) and the pol icy of creating and co-managing coastal and marine conservation areas, as well as the coordinated intersectoral coordination between the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, ANAC (conservation areas), MIMAIP (inland waters and water sports), MOPHRH (rivers and reservoirs), MINEDH (school sports) and between MIMAIP and local government bodies (management of beaches and riverfronts). BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)26 The cross-cutting axes facing the tourism sector lie in the planning, integrated management of coastal zones, inclusive governance and financing of coastal programmes geared towards the development of culture and sustainable tourism, including the inventorying of cultural assets, as well as the identification and promotion of other tourist activities that take advantage of the ex tensive maritime space, inland waterways and the coastal strip (including coastal towns), such as those related to nautical tourism: cruises, pleasure boating, water sports. Thus, the EDEA must: i) ensure the contribution of the conservation of biodiversity and maritime cultural heritage to tourism (and local communities) and, likewise, the contribution of tourism to the conservation of biodiversity and maritime cultural heritage; ii) identify and capitalise on the poten tial related to nautical tourism, namely in conjunction with the districts and municipalities; and iii) to create mechanisms for greater promotion and attraction of tourists, namely integrated and effective solutions for communication, attraction, convergence, interaction and relations with tourists, par ticularly domestic tourists, valuing domestic tourism; iv) to create training, capacity-building and information-sharing programmes for the preservation of maritime cultural heritage. Within this framework, ecotourism, bio-cultural tourism, the promotion of cruises, including domestic cruises, the linking of cultural heritage (including handicrafts and gastronomy) and tourism, the valorisation of ecosystems with tourism potential, the development of infrastruc tures to support tourism and the promotion and attraction / stimulation of investment in tourism, among others, are fundamental elements for leveraging tourism and making it one of the most important axes in the EDEA. With regard to culture, it is important to note that Mozambique has a long history, which has resulted in the interpenetration of cultures with African, Asian and European influences and has created a culture that offers unique experiences in different areas. Given its geostrategic posi tion, Mozambique was called upon by merchant ships of various origins, from the Arabs, Persians, Swahilis and Indians (around the 6th century) and later by Europeans, especially the Portuguese, Dutch and English (from the 15th century onwards). There are indications of the existence of around 300 historic shipwrecks off the Mozambican coast which, due to their value, are part of the cultural heritage of Mozambican societies, a potential for the development of underwater tourism. The preservation, enhancement, dissemination and enjoyment of cultural heritage is import ant to ensure its continuity for current and future generations, as the deterioration, disappearance or destruction of any part of cultural heritage is an irreparable loss. The cultural heritage located on the maritime platform, namely fortifications, artefacts, human remains, ancient shipwrecks, caves, prehistoric objects, as well as the practice of rituals and be liefs, are subject to risks due to factors such as: looting, plundering, rising sea levels, increasing industrialisation, among others, which have an effect on the disappearance of this heritage. Safeguarding and enhancing maritime cultural heritage is a resource for the socio-economic progress of communities, as cultural heritage contributes to economic development and growth and to the harmonisation of societies. The cross-cutting axes facing the cultural sector on the maritime platform include the inven torying of the assets contained therein; the rise in sea levels; the advent of major coastal devel opment projects, which may favour the continuation of the practice of beliefs or rituals along the BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 27 coast; maritime surveillance; commercial exploitation and illicit or unethical trafficking of under water cultural heritage; training in related areas; funding for maritime cultural heritage preserva tion projects; institutional coordination for the management of maritime cultural heritage. Thus, the EDEA must: i) ensure the preservation and conservation of maritime cultural heritage; ii) identify and inventory intangible, built and submerged cultural potential; iii) create a mechanism to mitigate the illegal exploitation of cultural artefacts; iv) create training, capacity-building and information-sharing programmes for the preservation of maritime cultural heritage; vi) promote in situ and non-intrusive cultural tourism activities; vii) promote actions for the sustainability and profitability of maritime cultural heritage, for the benefit of communities. Strategic objectives: Identify incentives (funding, promotion and marketing, infrastructure) for investment in new forms of tourism, and in the training and continuing education of professionals, contributing to the sustainable development of local communities, including their participation: ecotourism, bio-cul tural tourism, heritage tourism and tourism with purpose, geared towards national, regional and international markets. b) Promote the development of tourism in its various guises (coastal, cultural, nautical, nature) as a factor in enhancing the territory, the economy and local communities, while at the same time broadening the offer to attract the various segments of tourists and visitors (local, national, international, young, senior, families, etc.). c) Identify and make the most of the potential related to nautical tourism - regional and local cruises, pleasure boating, water sports (including school sports), nautical events in conjunction with local bodies (making the most of coastal and riverside areas and involving communities), and with port authorities (making the most of and enhancing port areas). d) Promote the development of responsible and sustainable underwater archaeology, avoiding damage caused by human action, looting and illegal activities. Combating the commercial exploitation of underwater cultural heritage. e) Promote heritage education relating to maritime cultural heritage, ensuring that its content is integrated into teaching programmes. f) Encouraging the inventorying and cataloguing of maritime cultural assets, in order to create a reference base necessary for the identification and screening of cultural assets of exceptional value. g) Ensure the capacity building and ongoing training of professionals in matters of pre serving and enhancing cultural heritage. h) Strengthen the legal framework for the protection and appropriate intervention in mar itime cultural heritage assets. i) Promote musealisation and other forms of preservation and conservation of maritime cultural heritage, in accordance with established standards. j) Ensure institutional exchanges aimed at guaranteeing coordinated and articulated management of maritime cultural heritage. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)28 Priority initiatives: i. Identify, enhance and publicise (by creating tourist routes) the numerous attractions, including cultural heritage (particularly maritime cultural heritage), environmen tal values and biodiversity of the extensive coastline and coastal and inland water plans that can contribute to increasing the positive impacts of tourism as a source of primary and secondary income and as a factor in job creation. ii. Establish sustainability standards that consolidate tourist destinations of excellence, adapting tourism to the protection and valorisation of pristine coastal areas and the creation of value for local communities. iii. Establish standards and policies that help protect maritime cultural heritage, partic ularly that which can contribute to sustainable tourism: for example, adherence to international treaties or conventions and publicising their importance. iv. Establish public-private-community partnerships that make it possible to combine investment in tourism with the investment/funding needed to improve infrastruc ture and support services (access roads, transport, telecommunications, energy, health, security). v. Promote liaison with local governments, particularly local authorities, representatives of the private tourism sector and local communities with a view to harnessing the development potential of nautical and sporting activities (including school sports). vi. Adjust the legal framework so that it contributes to speeding up territorial licensing, obtaining licences for activities and resolving conflicts. Expected result: Increased contribution of tourism to the sustainable valorisation of sensitive ecosystems, memory, history and legacy of cultural heritage, local communities and the national economy. Pillar 5: Maritime transport and port and logistics infrastructures The Mozambique Channel is an important route for national and international maritime trade. Combined with the existence of three important commercial ports (Maputo, Beira and Nacala, the latter with deep waters), of which Maputo and Beira are concessioned to the private sector and supported by development corridors with logistical infrastructures that connect to neighbour ing countries, Mozambique is in a privileged position to serve the countries of the hinterland, the region and the rest of the world as a hub. It also has renovated railways linking raw materials pro duction sites to ports, and other regional port infrastructures reasonably well distributed along the coast that will make it possible to boost cabotage traffic. Although the transport sector is vital for the country’s economic competitiveness, it still has little weight in the Mozambican economy: it contributes 10% of GDP. Of this 10%, maritime trans port contributes the least to the movement of goods, despite the country’s potential. In order to exploit this potential, there is a need to modernise port infrastructures and maritime transport support services, which in some cases are inadequate to meet the demands of the high interna tional standards of cargo packaging, handling, management and distribution. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 29 In the period from 2018 to 2022, the passenger and cargo maritime transport sectors generat ed 297,600,000 MZN and 186,200,000 MZN respectively. And in terms of cargo volume, a total of 238,664,550 MZN was handled in all the country’s ports. Moreover, in spite of the country’s maritime tradition, it has not yet seen much development in the shipbuilding, ship repair, shipping and maritime navigation industries, and the private sector is limited to providing port and logistics services for international maritime transport, given the lack of national cabotage. Mozambique has all the conditions to become a regional and international logistics centre for the various maritime activities. To this end, the EDEA should: i) promote the transformation of traditional ports into “blue” ports that meet sustainability objectives (reduction of greenhouse gases, sustainable manage ment of liquid and solid waste, prevention of the invasion of exotic species by ships, solutions that minimise the impacts of dredging and port-city coordination); ii) boosting integrated trans port (maritime, road, rail, pipeline and air), encouraging cabotage and national shipbuilding; and iii) contributing to maritime navigation safeguarding safety and security and the protection of the most sensitive areas. Strategic objectives a) Ensure the transformation and modernisation of national ports into “blue” ports, con tributing to sustainable national and regional port development. b) Promote an increase in demand for national ports, combined with their modernisation (and improved performance), road corridors railways, the development of cabotage and national airports. c) Safeguard the safety and security of navigation and the protection of the most sensitive areas in the Mozambique Channel and, more specifically, in Mozambique’s coastal strip and marine conservation areas. d) Promote shipbuilding and ship repair in the various types: ships, fishing boats and rec reational/tourist boats. Priority initiatives: i. Improve the specific training offer for human resources in the different activities relat ed to port operations and maritime transport. ii. Create financial and tax incentives for investments in adapting and transforming ports to meet environmental sustainability requirements. iii. Optimise the intermodal transport chain, both in the important relationship with the hinterland countries and in relation to national transport, as well as for the exploita tion/export of mineral resources and hydrocarbons, boosting the development po tential of port activities, logistics and maritime transport, and even the development of new port infrastructures. iv. Create tax incentives for shipbuilding, importing and flagging ships for national mar itime cabotage, in the context of the internal circulation of goods and people. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)30 Expected result: Ensured modernisation and sustainable management of maritime transport and port services and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and impacts on marine biodiversity. Pillar 6: Maritime safety Exploiting the potential of the blue economy depends entirely on creating a favourable envi ronment for investment, where the conditions for protection and security, not only of the integ rity of national territory, but also the protection of activities, ships and infrastructures (including against armed robbery and maritime piracy) are of paramount importance. Terrorist attacks, unreported and unregulated illegal fishing, illegal trafficking of natural re sources, drugs and smuggling by sea are cross-cutting axes that greatly affect maritime and coastal activities and, consequently, their performance in the economy in general. Recognising that these phenomena transcend national borders, and that the country faces serious limitations in the provision of human, material and financial resources to guarantee the implementation of maritime and coastal inspection actions, and without prejudice to inter-institutional coordination (CONDES, the National Council for the Sea and the National Council for the Blue Economy), regional cooperation, coordination and collaboration appear to be an ideal solution, and it should be noted that Mozambique is part of important international, continental and regional legal-political in struments for ocean governance. Strategic objectives a) Strengthen the capacity for the protection and security of activities, ships, infrastruc ture, the marine and coastal environment and territorial integrity, including the sharing of resources and coordinated intervention in maritime spaces under national sover eignty, including the rescue of seafarers. b) Ensure effective maritime communications, search and rescue and accident investiga tion services to safeguard human life at sea and property, helping to encourage invest ment in the sector. c) Develop mechanisms to ensure the supervision, monitoring and control of all activities that take place in maritime, coastal and inland waters. Priority initiatives: i. Create and operate the National Maritime Search and Rescue Coordination Centre - MRCC ii. Operationalise the Maritime Surveillance Operations Coordination Centre (CEFMAR) and the Maritime Situational Awareness (MDA) centre. iii. Strengthen the capacities of community-based organisations to prevent, monitor and report illegal activities that endanger the blue economy. iv. Reinforce with the United Nations the need to delimit maritime borders with neigh bouring countries. v. Carry out the project to install a virtual maritime motorway in the Mozambique Chan nel and/or implement traffic separation schemes in places with the highest mari BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 31 time traffic (mainly hydrocarbons and other hazardous materials) and near envi ronmentally sensitive areas. Expected result: Reduced rates of illegal and unreported activities, improved safety at sea and increased in vestment in the blue economy. 3.2. Cross-Cutting Axes In addition to the pillars that support the Blue Economy at sectoral level, the EDEA is under pinned by four cross-cutting axes that cut across all sectors and form the foundation of the EDEA: ▪ Good governance (including maritime and coastal planning) ▪ Knowledge, innovation and technologies ▪ Climate change ▪ Communities In order to ensure full fulfilment of the Strategic Objectives set out in the 6 Pillars of the EDEA, the Strategic Axes also respond to the need to improve human capital, innovation, technology transfer and technical and scientific knowledge in the field of these related activities. Cross-cutting axe 1: Good Governance Exploiting the potential of the blue economy depends entirely on creating a favourable envi ronment for investment, anchored in a set of principles of good governance, transparency, fair ac cess to information, the participation of all interested parties in the decision-making process, and the assessment of risks and impacts of investments in certain sectors of the blue economy. The country has already made significant progress in the field of governance, endeavouring to respond to institutional cross-cutting axes and the legal-political framework. However, there are still serious constraints on the effective implementation of the favourable framework for conserv ing the environment and improving the health of ecosystems. An effective and sustainable strat egy is needed to encourage investment in marine and coastal exploitation, innovation, technology transfer and the equitable distribution of the benefits arising from the exploitation of natural re sources. In order to strengthen the institutional capacities of the main actors of the blue economy in the effective implementation of their tasks, good inter-institutional coordination is crucial, in cluding the adoption of a data and information sharing mechanism. Finally, and also with some connection to Good Governance, the recent reforms to the organ isation and functioning of the state, through decentralisation mechanisms, have implications for the implementation of the EDEA at local level, making it necessary to preserve the coordination functions of the EDEA and the decentralised bodies for its implementation to the central level. To this end, it is also necessary to ensure that each ministry involved in the blue economy has a robust, well-articulated structure with operational tools for collecting, analysing and sharing key data, capable of responding to the demands of implementing the EDEA. As far as planning is concerned, Mozambique has a fundamental instrument for framing the Development of the Blue Economy: its Maritime Spatial Planning Plan, which covers the entire Na BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)32 tional Maritime Space, and although it does not include the planning of coastal zones, it takes into account the populations, activities and infrastructures of coastal zones with an influence on mar itime space, and, among other things, establishes the spatial and temporal distribution of existing and potential values, uses and activities, including areas in need of protection, areas for open uses and areas that need to be allocated to specific activities, and defines management policies and guidelines and rules of use that identify public utility restrictions and regimes for safeguarding and protecting natural and cultural resources, as well as good practices to be observed in the use and management of the national maritime space. In addition to the POEM, there are other spatial planning and management instruments that are also relevant to the EDEA, such as the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy (ICZM 2016-2025), the National Territorial Development Plan (PNDT), the Zambezi and KaNyaka/Ma tutuíne Special Spatial Planning Plans (PEOT-IKPM) and the District Land Use Plans (PDUT) and Conservation Area Management Plans. The purpose of the ICZM 2016-2025 is to “promote and harmonise actions carried out in the coastal zone, in order to stimulate the conservation and protection of the physical space of the coast and its resources, with a view to contributing to sustainable coastal development”, as re flected in its General Objective of “guaranteeing the balance of marine and coastal ecosystems through sustainable development, contributing to a continuous increase in the quality of life of communities in the coastal zone”. This Strategy applies to the areas between the inland, terrestrial or continental limits of all the coastal districts (including the districts bordering Lake Niassa and the Cahora Bassa reservoir) and up to 12 nautical miles inland. The PNDT covers the entire national territory, delimited by the land borders and the outer limit of the territorial sea (12 nautical miles from the “baseline”). Although it is only partially conver gent with the territorial scope of the POEM, good coordination between the two instruments is important, for two main reasons: i) because the national territory functions as a whole and the development of the coastal districts and the territorial sea is tributary to the strategic options and actions that implement them in all the other regions of the country; and ii) because the full use of maritime space of national interest must be inserted and articulated in a coherent way within the overall model of organisation and use of the national territory. The PEOTs, instruments that establish the parameters and conditions for the use of areas with spatial, ecological, economic and inter-provincial continuity, cover the entire Zambezi Valley, in cluding the Zambezi delta and the Cahora Bassa reservoir (Tete province and part of Zambezia province), in the case of the IKPM, the island of KaNyaka (Inhaca), in the municipality of Maputo and the coastal part of the Matutuíne district, in Maputo province (2021-2046). The PDUTs cover the entire territory of the respective district and can therefore also deal with the adjacent territorial sea when it proves necessary to regulate its use, but their main focus is on territorial development without major interventions beyond the coastline. They analyse the phys ical and socio-economic attributes of the territories covered, and include guidelines and develop ment prospects in a Regulation that is, however, absent or weak in some of them. In other words, only the POEM covers the national maritime space, while the PNDT and the PDUTs can intervene up to the limits of the territorial sea (12 MN) but without proposing anything BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 33 for that strip. The coastal strip, including Lake Niassa and the Cahora Bassa reservoir, are covered by the EGIZC, and Cahora Bassa is also covered by the Zambezi Valley PEOT. The POEM’s man agement guidelines state that the PEOTs, PPDTs, PDUTs (and PEUs) of the provinces and coastal districts (and municipalities) and their revisions, as well as the other spatial planning instruments, will take into account the POEM’s zoning, seeking to harmonise nature conservation and biodi versity, fishing and aquaculture, ports and maritime transport, tourism, maritime heritage, the exploitation of mineral and hydrocarbon resources, and emerging activities associated with the production of renewable energy, on a scale consistent with that of these plans. In this context, and as part of the planning exercise to be applied to the coastal zone and territorial sea, it is important to work through the POEM’s zoning proposals in greater detail and assess them against the exist ing constraints and rules for using the coastal zone. Strategic Objectives: a) Promote the capacity to prevent and combat marine, coastal and inland water pollution. b) Improve the business environment by creating legal and administrative conditions (in cluding dispute resolution, e-governance and simplification of procedures) favourable to public and private investment and incentives and lines of financing adjusted to the activities that make up the blue economy. c) Improve coordination between sectors related to ocean governance, the blue economy and spatial planning, and between central and local administration (decentralisation and deconcentration of powers). d) Develop and ensure access to a credible database and information for investment in the blue, environmental and circular economy. e) Promote the equal participation of women and young people in the management of nat ural resources f) Ensure coordination between the various plans that affect maritime space, coastal zones and inland waters, in order to guarantee the appropriate planning of these spaces and the sustainable management of their resources and the uses and activities that take place in them. g) Perfect the appropriate mix of uses and activities that allow for a sustainable ecosys tem in the long term, the socio-economic integration of communities and basic infra structure, in particular to support these communities, fishing and tourism. h) Enhance/recover coastal habitats that contribute to increasing the resilience of the coast, minimising pressures such as coastal erosion and the destruction of natural re sources and protections. Strategic actions: i. Strengthen adherence to and internal regulation of international conventions. ii. Create a “legislative code” for the Blue Economy. iii. Prepare a directory of blue economy investment opportunities in Mozambique. iv. Prepare and implement the National Coastal Management Policy. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)34 v. Integrate economic uses and activities that affect the coastal strip and territorial sea into the PDUT and PEU, bearing in mind the guidelines of the POEM (Management Guidelines for the Maritime Space). vi. Define criteria and methodologies to include the guidelines of the POEM in investment projects, AASE and environmental impact assessment exercises and in concession contracts and utilisation titles (DUAT and TUPEM). vii. Improve and keep up-to-date the mapping of uses and activities carried out in the national maritime space, updating and refining the mapping of marine and coastal habitats, with particular emphasis on sensitive habitats that are important for the protection of biodiversity and coastal erosion. Cross-cutting axe 2. Knowledge, innovation and technologies Marine science, technology and research are crucial to the sustainable development of mari time activities and the Blue Economy, providing solutions to reconcile the promotion of sustainable economic growth in activities linked to the sea with improving people’s quality of life and environ mental conservation. Innovation5, particularly by small businesses and non-profit organisations, including non-technological innovation, can make a very important contribution to the sustain ability and competitiveness of less densely populated territories, particularly in coastal areas. Mozambique has maritime spaces with a wealth of resources and marine diversity that give it great economic and environmental potential. However, there are several threats to the sustain able development of marine resources, such as pollution, unsustainable coastal development and the depletion of ecosystems and resources. Given these threats and the importance of seeking scientific knowledge about the sea and its resources, the marine environment and activities have been the scene of expeditions/invest ments by various national and foreign entities including universities, public and private institu tions, research organisations or associations, or NGOs, as well as individuals who show an interest in carrying out scientific research activities on the sea. Some projects are joint research between research institutions or universities (it should be noted that marine scientific research by foreign organisations should contribute to national scientific technological development, including the transfer of knowledge to the country). The main areas of research are: environment, climate change, physical, biological and chemical ocean ography, biodiversity, conservation, fisheries, as well as prospecting for hydrocarbons and other ma rine mineral resources, and technological development and innovation related to defence and security. The national science and technology system has clearly defined players and a legal framework for managing activities (plans, policies, strategies for sectors that operate in the sea and coastal strip). The government promotes scientific and technological solutions with a view to speeding up the process of wealth creation and poverty eradication. Through Mozambique’s Science, Tech nology and Innovation Strategy (ECTIM), approved in 2006, it advocates the promotion of R&D and 5 Innovation is the implementation of a product (good or service), a new or significantly improved process, a new marketing method or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations. Innovation can be new to the company, new to the market or new to the world (Oslo Manual, OECD (2005). BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 35 innovation in the public and industrial sectors with the aim of making life easier for its clients, thereby gaining efficiency and competitive advantages in the local and national markets. In this context, mention should be made of the creation of the Mozambique Science and Tech nology Park (PCTM), which aims to develop scientific research, innovation and the generation of knowledge and the development of human capital, through technology and business incuba tors, higher education institutions, scientific research and innovation to generate and accommo date technology-based product and service companies in an environment linked to science and technology. In 2014, the Maluana Science and Technology Park was opened to manage the flow of knowledge and act as a bridge between research and the market. The National Research Fund (FNI) was also created, under the supervision of the MCTES, to: i) promote scientific research and technological innovation, ensuring the promotion and coordination of initiatives and activities re lated to science and technology; and ii) financially support public or private organisations dedicat ed to, or with an interest in, the development of research, science and technological innovation. There are also Research Funds in Higher Education Institutions that finance research activities. However, i) intersectoral and inter-institutional coordination is very poor and the legal frame work for managing research is insufficient, as is the dissemination of research results; ii) there are also insufficient or no comprehensive studies on the feasibility of exploiting some living and non-living marine services and resources and on the connection or interaction between the dif ferent activities carried out in the Mozambican sea, for example, between the different types of commercial fishing and between this and recreational fishing, between the extraction of mining resources and hydrocarbons and tourism, etc.; and, iii) there is also difficulty in recruiting and re taining qualified staff in public research institutions. More specifically in terms of the sectors, there are also a number of deficiencies that have been detected in the respective SWOT analyses, particularly in terms of the lack of up-to-date techno logical and scientific knowledge: In the fisheries and aquaculture sector, there is a lack of up-to-date technological and scientific knowledge, including limited knowledge of the potential of fish stocks, a poor grasp of modern fishing/aquaculture production, processing and conservation technologies, and a lack of exper imentation centre(s) for the production of native marine species. There is also little investment in the value chain of fisheries and aquaculture products. In the energy sector, there is still little in-depth knowledge of the potential (and viability) of marine energies and difficulty in identifying and quantifying savings in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the various types of renewable energy production. There is also little knowledge of how to limit/minimise the environmental and social impacts resulting from the installation of production, transformation and transport equipment. In the natural capital, environment and circular economy sectors, there is firstly little knowl edge of the associated concepts, namely natural capital, ecosystem services, bioprospecting/ bio-exploitation and the circular economy, with gaps in scientific knowledge about national eco systems and their biodiversity, and particularly in quantifying the economic value of the goods and services they provide, and limited scientific research into genetic potential and aquatic mi BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)36 croorganisms. On the specific issue of the circular economy, there are insufficient recycling and remanufacturing technologies. The maritime transport and logistics sector lacks the technologies to reduce or eliminate GHG emissions associated with port activities and maritime transport, the scientific and practi cal knowledge to combat and minimise the effects of maritime pollution, and the technological knowledge to invest in shipbuilding. With regard to good governance and security and defence, research and investigation into blue economy issues is incipient and technological resources are insufficient, particularly for maritime and land surveillance. In the tourism sector, the biggest gaps relate to the training of qualified staff for tourism in gen eral and for more specific areas - nature tourism, nautical tourism, and the need for knowledge for the creation and development of tourism projects and activities, both innovative in terms of supply and in terms of limiting environmental, socio-economic and cultural impacts. Strategic Objectives: a) Increase knowledge, the scientific base and the development of research capacities and marine technologies, in particular those related to marine, coastal and inland water resources, and to the conservation of biodiversity and its values, in order to improve the health of the oceans and increase the contribution of marine biodiversity to development. b) Boost major government projects and initiatives operating in the maritime space, coastal zones and inland waters, and involving the private sector and the productive sector, including the national sector, in carrying out basic research and transforming it into applied research, and funding research by establishing new research opportunities (or strengthening existing ones). c) Improve the specific training offer for human resources in the different activities that take place in the maritime space, coastal zones and inland waters. d) Identify innovative initiatives related to the maritime space, coastal zones and in land waters and ways to promote the dissemination and development of this innovation. Strategic Actions: i. Create new formal courses/reinforce existing ones, and promote internships and prac tical training related to the capacity building of human resources and the develop ment of activities that take place in the maritime space. ii. Strengthen the network of infrastructures for developing and incubating R&D and in novation projects and for accelerating ideas and businesses (business factories), both in research centres linked to universities and in other science and technology centres, and possibly using public-private partnerships to finance and manage them. iii. Develop a maritime, coastal and inland waterways innovation platform/network to dis seminate and share good practices and incentives, particularly financial ones, for the realisation of innovative initiatives among innovators, entrepreneurs and other players. iv. Improve the level of training of fishing and aquaculture professionals, particularly in BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 37 terms of technical and scientific knowledge, innovation and promoting the use of more efficient and environmentally sustainable technology or equipment in fishing, aquaculture production, conservation and fish processing activities. Cross-cutting axe 3. Climate change Mozambique is highly susceptible to the impacts of climate change. One of these effects is the increase in ocean temperature which, together with ocean acidification phenomena, has negative consequences for marine ecosystems in the Mozambique Channel, leading, for example, to the “bleaching” of coral reefs and changes in the composition of communities. Exposure to coastal erosion phenomena is also high in Mozambique, especially in the districts located in the central region of the country, mainly affecting urban centres and tourist regions, where the development of human activities contributes to an increase in the rate of shoreline retreat. Another impact is frequent droughts and floods, with significant consequences for social and economic develop ment. The increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in Mozambique, espe cially tropical cyclones and storms, will continue to negatively affect natural habitats, resources and coastal infrastructure. Figure 1 - Main impacts of climate change on each of the main uses of the ocean Vulnerability of different ocean uses to the effects of climate change. Estimates of the level of direct impact of different impact factors (primary and secondary) associated with climate change are presented (Frazão Santos et al., 2016). Primary factors are those that result directly from the effects of greenhouse gases, while secondary factors result from other factors (primary and/or secondary). WARM = Warming; ACID = Acidification; HYPO = Deoxygenation; DSHIFT = Distribution changes; SLR = Sea level rise; CIRCW = Circulation and winds; EXT = Extreme weather events; DIS HAB = Diseases and toxic algal blooms. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)38 The impacts of climate change have a differential impact on the main uses of the ocean, as well as on the provision of marine and coastal ecosystem services and the human communities that depend on them. The following figure summarises the main impacts of climate change on each of the main uses of the ocean. The most impacted uses are fishing, aquaculture and tourism, while renewable energy production and seabed mining are less affected. Mozambique published its NAPA (Adaptation Action Plan to Climate Change) in 2007, which fo cused on a set of main actions to create national response capacity in the face of climate change. The actions identified concerned various sectors of economic and social development, namely: (1) natural disaster prevention (early warning and alert system), (2) the agricultural sector, (3) the coastal zone (e.g. erosion and fishing), (4) the water sector, (5) the energy sector, and (6) the en vironment. Five years later, in 2012, Mozambique’s National Strategy for Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change (ENAMMC) 2013-2025 was published, which represented a turning point in the way Mozambique approached the cross-cutting axes associated with climate change. The ENAM MC established adaptation and climate risk reduction as national priorities, as well as the reduction of GHG emissions, and identified eight strategic areas of intervention to counter the impacts of fu ture extreme climate events (Table below). In 2018, the Mozambican government ratified the Paris Agreement, followed by the presentation of its first NDCs (Nationally Determined Contributions). The Mozambican government recognises the need to develop awareness-raising and capaci ty-building actions on the effects of climate change among the various actors and stakeholders. To this end, in 2014 the Climate Change Coordination Unit was created, whose mission is to super vise and coordinate all operational activities related to climate change in the country. More recently, Mozambique began the process of developing its NAP (National Adaptation Plan) with the aim of contributing to greater integration of climate change issues into planning processes at all levels in the medium and long term, responding to the cross-cutting axes set out in the NDCs presented. At the moment, the sectors with the greatest potential to create opportunities for mitigating and adapting to climate change in Mozambique are the conservation of marine and coastal eco systems, blue carbon, renewable energy, fishing and tourism. The conservation and restoration of “key” ecosystems, as well as blue carbon ecosystems, are absolutely fundamental to the development of a sustainable and climate resilient blue economy. This is a sector that requires action in the short term. The production of marine and coastal renewable energy is also essential. Even though the po tential for marine renewable energy production has not been fully studied in Mozambique, it is essential to invest in its development, not only in order to fulfil a climate agenda, but also to meet the needs of the Mozambican population. In the short term, efforts should be made to assess the country’s renewable energy production potential at various scales (local to regional). Fishing, especially artisanal fishing, is also of great social and economic importance in Mozam bique. Improving fishing practices, reducing destructive practices and increasing the literacy and capacity of coastal (fishing) communities are key to developing a sustainable blue economy. Finally, due to the high potential for nature tourism in Mozambique, the development of tour ism activities and products associated with resilient and healthy marine and coastal ecosystems has the potential to contribute to their conservation, increasing ecological resilience, but also in BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 39 creasing social and economic resilience through the opportunity to involve local communities in the sector (e.g. tour guides). Despite its high growth potential and high social and environmental relevance, marine aqua culture is still at an early stage of expansion in Mozambique, and therefore has great potential, but only in the medium term. The EDEA has a decisive role to play in the development of the sectors identified. By identifying them as priority sectors for the fulfilment of a climate agenda, it will support their growth, which is the first step towards these sectors being recognised as “key”, and towards identifying and over coming the constraints and cross-cutting axes that hinder their growth. Analysis by sector Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services The great diversity of species and habitats along Mozambique’s coastline and in the maritime space contributes significantly to the country’s social and economic development, especially with regard to the well-being and livelihoods of coastal communities. Among the main impacts of cli mate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services, in Mozambique and globally, are the loss of biodiversity, the loss of key ecosystems, changes in ecosystem functionality, and changes in ecosystem composition. One of Mozambique’s most impacted key ecosystems is the mangrove forests. Its degradation implies the loss of breeding and growth areas for marine and coastal spe cies, but also a reduction in coastal protection against extreme weather events and erosion, con tributing to an increase in environmental and social vulnerability to climate change. Coral reefs, which are an important natural resource in Mozambique, highly relevant to coastal communities that practise traditional fishing, but also due to the enormous potential for tourism development, could also suffer significant losses due to ocean warming, rising sea levels and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. The conservation of marine and coastal species and habitats, especially species and habitats of high ecological importance, is a globally recognised strategy to support resilience to climate change. By limiting, in whole or in part, the occurrence of human uses and activities, protected areas contribute to increasing the resilience of marine and coastal ecosystems, thereby helping to maintain the services and benefits they provide. Although not all healthy ecosystems will be able to withstand the effects of ocean warming and acidification, their resilience will always be greater if they are not subject to other local pressures that work in a cumulative way. In fact, the creation of “no-take” areas (i.e. areas closed to the development of human activities or human presence of any kind) can play an important role in adapting coastal zones to the effects of climate change. On the one hand, these areas allow for the natural dynamics of coastal ecosystems (e.g. retreat and advance of the coastline in sandy strips), and on the other, they protect human communities from these same changes (e.g. loss of infrastructure). At the same time, the protection and conserva tion of “climate refuges” is considered a “smart strategy” for adapting to climate change. These refuges correspond to areas that are naturally more protected from the effects of climate change, which act as a refuge for marine species and habitats, thus contributing to increasing (or main BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)40 taining) their resilience. Some ecosystems in particular play a fundamental role in the implementation of adaptation strategies and actions. For example, coral reefs act as a natural offshore “breakwater”, helping to minimise the impacts of storms and waves, and thus protecting Mozambique’s coastal zones from coastal erosion phenomena. Similarly, mangrove forests and seagrass meadows contribute significantly to coastal protection in Mozambique. Establishing areas of protection, or even resto ration, for these ecosystems is a fundamental adaptation measure to minimise the potential ef fects of extreme climate events. In Mozambique, the fundamental role of conserving and restoring mangrove forests is recognised. There are multiple initiatives for this purpose being developed at local and national level (e.g. MozNorte Project). Even so, there is a great deal of use of mangroves by coastal communities (e.g. building canoes, stakes, charcoal, firewood for cooking). It is nec essary to take into account the different uses (e.g. use for building canoes has a cultural impor tance) and the specificities of each community so that sustainable alternatives can be identified (e.g. the use of solar ovens as an alternative to mangrove firewood for cooking may be resisted by the populations due to the loss of the traditional “smoky” flavour). Similarly, the need to conserve “key biodiversity areas” (KBA) in Mozambique is recognised. These are considered to be areas that contribute significantly to the overall persistence of biodiversity. 30 KBA have been identified in Mozambique, of which only four are marine, but nine are coastal and three cover inland waters. It should be noted that the “Marromeu-Gorongosa” KBA covers the coastline, part of the Zambezi delta and also Lake Urema and the Pungué River. The conservation and restoration of “blue carbon” ecosystems are internationally recognised strategies for mitigating climate change. Areas where there are healthy mangrove forests, sea grass meadows, salt marshes and/or coral reefs play a key role as carbon sinks, since these eco systems capture and store large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere. Increasing the number and/or size of protected areas that integrate these ecosystems can therefore make a substantial contribution to increasing carbon storage capacity and mitigating climate change. Mozambique’s coastal areas have high potential in this regard, due to the extensive distribution of blue carbon ecosystems. However, there are other ways of sequestering and storing blue carbon. For example, large whale species (such as humpback whales, which are very common in Mozambique) have a high carbon capture potential. Therefore, initiatives that support the conservation and restoration of large whale populations can contribute to climate change mitigation. Coastal communities As in other countries in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region, around 1/3 of Mozambique’s 30 million people live in coastal districts. Mozambique is highly dependent on fish consumption, which is the protein most consumed by 76.9 per cent of families6. Artisanal fishing, which takes place along the entire coast of the country, is the most important in terms of production, com mercialisation and employment, with thousands of artisanal fishermen depending on fishing as a source of income and subsistence. This situation makes the country particularly susceptible to the food security risks posed by climate change: the loss of access to fishing resources due to 6 Source: IAFPA Report (2016/17) May 2019 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 41 changes in ocean conditions can lead to or increase national health crises. Financial and social limitations, such as low levels of nutrition, weak social networks, unem ployment, and high levels of biomass utilisation (destruction of mangrove forests for firewood production due to lack of access to energy resources), determine the communities’ low adaptive capacity to respond to natural and human pressures, such as the effects of climate change. Mo zambique’s coastal communities also have high social vulnerability to natural disasters and ex treme weather events, as seen during tropical cyclones Idai and Kenneth, which resulted in floods and inundations that caused high human and economic losses (around 1.5 million people were affected, more than 1,500 were injured, and there was an outbreak of cholera with around 6,800 registered cases). The damage and loss of infrastructure was estimated at 3.2 billion dollars, with transport and energy infrastructure being the most affected. Fishing and aquaculture The effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and the physico-chemical conditions of the ocean are, in general, causing the spatial and temporal redistribution of marine organisms, with species moving to higher latitudes (towards the polar regions) or to deeper layers of the ocean, and it is expected that there will be an increase in species diversity in subtropical and temperate latitudes, and a decrease in it in tropical latitudes. This affects human activities such as fishing both artisanal and industrial - through changes in the location, productivity and diversity of ma rine resources. Organisms with shells and skeletons composed of calcium carbonate are the most affected by acidification, although the effects vary widely between species and taxonomic groups. The rise in mean sea level, as well as the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weath er events, will also affect fishing, promoting the loss of coastal habitats essential for the reproduc tion and growth of juveniles of fishing resources (e.g. mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass meadows) and intensifying the danger at sea, increasing the risk of destruction of infrastructure and fishing equipment, and the vulnerability of fishing communities. Mozambique’s National Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy for 2013 2025 identifies fishing as a sector particularly vulner able to climate change due to its important role in the country’s economic and social development. The effects of climate change are expected to have a significant impact on fishing activity, with decreases in maximum catch potential of between 7-14% in 2050, and between 10-35% in 2100. Aquaculture is another sector of activity that could be significantly affected by the effects of climate change. The migration of optimal thermal conditions - due to ocean warming - will benefit the cultivation of species with higher thermal amplitudes and higher thermal limits (for example, greater metabolism and growth rates), while marine species with lower optimal thermal ampli tudes and lower thermal limits will suffer greater mortality and a decline in productivity. Similarly, the environmental conditions for the development of certain crops will be affected by changes in the food chain due to changes in the distribution of primary production - for example, if primary production decreases in a region, shellfish crops will be largely jeopardised. Since aquaculture is limited to relatively small areas of marine space (e.g., cages), especially when compared to other activities and uses of the ocean such as fishing or maritime transport, and since the population BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)42 density of cultivated organisms is higher than that naturally present in marine ecosystems, the increased occurrence of infectious diseases due to climate change (e.g., parasites, bacteria, virus es) can have very significant impacts. Due to this more limited spatial scale, the effects of toxic algal blooms on cultivated organisms are also more serious, with consequences of particular rel evance to human health. Once again, the increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events will intensify the danger at sea, causing damage to infrastructure (e.g. rafts, lines, cages) and the loss of cultivated stocks. It should be noted that rural aquaculture programmes can make a significant contribution to food security and to improving people’s living standards and conditions. In a context of climate change, it is necessary to define strategies to increase the resilience of fishing activity. The diversity, density and location of fishing resources will change, and in this con text it is necessary to adapt fisheries management. One of the ways in which fisheries can con tribute to adapting to climate change is by raising awareness and building the capacity of fishing communities, especially small-scale fisheries. In order to ensure local management of resources based on a participatory approach, it is necessary to increase ocean and climate change literacy. Empowering human populations is a way to increase their social resilience and an important way to contribute to climate adaptation. Raising awareness of the impacts of climate change on marine and coastal areas, and promoting stakeholder participation in the identification, design and devel opment of solutions are vital approaches. The resilience of the fisheries sector can also be increased by promoting sustainable aquacul ture (reducing pressures on wild fisheries and increasing the resilience of coastal communities), regenerating key nurseries and breeding grounds for fish species (e.g. mangroves, seagrass beds, coral reefs), improving the knowledge and skills of small-scale fishermen, and strengthening control and management measures. Large-scale seaweed aquaculture is also an identified way to promote blue carbon capture and thus contribute to minimising the effects of climate change. The promotion of aquaculture also allows for less dependence on fishing and less vulnerability to food insecurity. Coastal and marine tourism The effects of climate change on marine and coastal tourism vary greatly with the type of activity carried out (for example, whale watching, diving, snorkelling, surfing, sailing, or recreational fish ing), as well as with the region affected. The warming of the ocean causes changes in marine species and habitats, some of which are essential for the development of tourist activities (for example, the “bleaching” of coral reefs in tropical regions leads to a reduction in demand for tourist activities such as diving, snorkelling or underwater photography), just as changes in wind and current circulation patterns resulting from climate change can affect activities such as surfing, windsurfing, kitesurfing and sailing. At the same time, rising sea levels and the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events could jeopardise the integrity of support infrastructures (e.g. hotels, restaurants, boats). The emergence of new diseases and pathogens could also have a negative impact on tour ism due to human health issues, limiting activities that involve direct contact with the marine envi ronment (e.g. diving, snorkelling or bathing). All of the above impacts, particularly those affecting BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 43 the existence of healthy ecosystems, make coastal tourism in Mozambique very vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As the greatest potential for development and growth relates to specif ic segments of coastal tourism, namely water sports, diving, sport fishing, ecotourism and marine fauna watching, among others, this development and growth could be particularly impacted by the effects of climate change, given the dependence of these segments on ecosystem services and good environmental quality. It is also necessary to invest in support facilities (e.g. hotels and resorts) that are more resilient to climatic phenomena (e.g. tropical cyclones and rising sea levels), as well as up grading those that have been affected by them. Maritime transport and ports International transport networks will be affected by the opening up of new navigable routes in polar regions, particularly in the Arctic, due to the warming of the ocean and the consequent re duction in the extent and thickness of sea ice cover in polar regions, but also by the relocation of maritime ports due to rising sea levels, coastal erosion and an increase in the frequency of storms and other extreme weather events, as well as by changes in circulation patterns (e.g. wind strength and wave height) which will influence the (greater) risk of shipping incidents. Mozambique is of great geopolitical importance, providing access to the sea for landlocked countries (e.g. Zimbabwe, Zam bia, Malawi and Swaziland, as well as some territories in South Africa). In addition to the three major ports - Nacala, Beira and Maputo - and a number of smaller commercial ports - Pemba, Topuito, Que limane and Inhambane - major investments are planned in new port infrastructure along the coast (e.g. Macuse port and Techobanine deep-water port), as well as expansions and modernisations of existing ports. Mozambique has a high potential for growth in the port sector, especially with the prospect of developing cabotage and new business areas in the north of the country, but also in the south and centre, which will require greater investment and the adaptation of ports to the require ments of international maritime transport, as well as to the great vulnerability to the effects of ero sion and damage to infrastructure resulting from climate change. The development of carbon-neutral ports is also a way of mitigating climate change. Blue ports are characterised by using smart technology and supporting the maintenance of a good environ mental status. For example, by switching to low- or zero-emission fuels or by using renewable energy sources (e.g. wind propellers), blue ports can contribute to reducing GHG emissions. In fact, currently 45%-55% of emissions occur while vessels are in port. The promotion of blue carbon storage in dredged soils in harbour areas, as well as the use of dredged soil as foundation material for blue carbon ecosystems, are also opportunities to contribute to climate change mitigation. Energy (renewable and fossil) and extractive industry The main impacts for marine renewable energies will come from changes in wind patterns (e.g. speed and energy density) and wave patterns expected in future climate scenarios. Rising sea levels are also expected to affect renewable energy devices (waves or wind) that are anchored in shallow waters. At the same time, the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones and hurricanes are likely to increase the risk of infrastructure mainte nance and limit the operational procedures for maintaining it. Seabed mining is also vulnerable to extreme weather events, and the increased frequency of storms and hurricanes is expected to BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)44 threaten mining infrastructure and increase the danger at sea, limiting operational procedures. The risk of infrastructure survival is of particular importance when hazardous substances such as hydrocarbons are being extracted, in which case damage to infrastructure can represent envi ronmental disasters with widespread and long-lasting effects. Mozambique has great potential for energy production, both fossil and renewable. Mozambique’s Renewable Energy Atlas reveals that the country has a total potential of 23,000 GW based on renewable resources (e.g. solar, wind, geo thermal). However, more than 60 percent of the total energy consumed annually in Mozambique comes from burning biomass (firewood and charcoal), and only around 39 percent of the popu lation has access to electricity. The mineral extraction industries in Mozambique have increased local income generation and the population’s quality of life through increased employment and social responsibility. However, on an industrial scale the same activity carries risks for human health and the environment. In a context of climate change, these risks could be exacerbated. Reducing GHG emissions is essential to mitigating the effects of climate change on the ocean. Expanding the production of renewable energy from the ocean (e.g. wind, waves) is one of the most consensual strategies for reducing GHG emissions. In Mozambique, energy production through renewable sources such as solar and wind is also essential for social welfare and eco nomic development, increasing access to energy for rural and urban populations and promoting sustainable environmental practices. In this way, we are helping to increase the social resilience of populations, which in turn contributes to increasing their adaptive capacity. Alongside the de velopment of ocean energy, one of the opportunities to contribute to climate change mitigation is the production and supply of decentralised, off-grid energy to support Mozambique’s coastal communities (e.g. solar). Identifying alternative biomass sources to mangroves (e.g. macroalgae) is also a potential solution. Strategic objectives a) Ensure early, preventive and minimising action on the causes of climate change, containing measures to mitigate climate change by addressing anthropogenic emis sions by sources and removals by outlets of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, and to adapt to the impacts of climate change by develop ing and drawing up appropriate and integrated plans for the management of coastal zones, water resources and agricultural resources, as well as for the protection and rehabilitation of areas affected by drought and desertification, and by floods. b) Implement plans to adapt and mitigate susceptibility to climate change, as well as sustainable risk and coastal territory management models by investing in/devel oping scientific knowledge on current coastal dynamics and climate change sce narios, adopting coastal protection methods in line with international best practice (nature-based protection solutions) and avoiding planning and intervention errors recognised on other coastlines. c) Deepen initiatives related to the conservation and restoration of mangrove forests, seagrass meadows, salt marshes and/or coral reefs and increasing the number and/ BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 45 or size of conservation areas that integrate these ecosystems that play a fundamen tal role as carbon sinks, exploring the possibility of establishing areas for the protec tion or even restoration of these (blue carbon) ecosystems, but taking into account the traditional uses of mangroves by coastal communities and the specificities of each community so that sustainable alternatives can be identified. d) Provide for “no use” areas (no human activities or human presence of any kind) that can play an important role in adapting coastal zones to the effects of climate change, allowing for the natural dynamics of coastal ecosystems on the one hand (e.g. retreat and advance of the coastline in sandy strips) and protecting human communities from these changes on the other (e.g. loss of infrastructure), loss of infrastructure), and the protection and conservation of “climate refuges” is consid ered a “smart strategy” for adapting to climate change, corresponding to areas that are naturally more protected from the effects of climate change, which act as a ref uge for marine species and habitats, thus contributing to increasing (or maintaining) their resilience. e) increase ocean and climate change literacy, raising awareness and empowering fishing communities, especially those in small-scale fisheries, and defining strate gies to increase the resilience of fishing activity and its adaptation to climate change, in particular by promoting the participation of stakeholders in the identification, de sign and development of solutions. f) Invest in sustainable aquaculture by reducing pressures on wild fisheries, increasing the resilience of coastal communities and reducing vulnerability to food insecurity, regenerating key nurseries and breeding areas for aquatic species (e.g. mangroves, seagrass beds, coral reefs) and in large-scale seaweed aquaculture, which is also an identified way to promote blue carbon capture and contribute to minimising the ef fects of climate change. g) Create good practice manuals for the tourism sector that lead to investments in sup port facilities (e.g. hotels and resorts) that are more resilient to climatic phenomena, as well as to the adapted requalification of those that have been affected by them. h) Seek the development of carbon-neutral ports (blue ports) and the adaptation of existing ones, using smart technology and supporting the maintenance of a good environmental status, for example, through the transition to low or zero emission fuels or through the use of renewable energy sources (e.g. wind power), which con tribute to the reduction of GHG emissions and promote the storage of blue carbon in dredged soils in port areas. i) Invest in the study and development of renewable energy production potential (e.g., wind, waves, solar) in order to fulfil a climate agenda, reducing GHG emissions, but also to contribute to social well-being and economic development, increasing access to energy for coastal communities and promoting sustainable environmental prac tices, also identifying alternative biomass sources to mangroves (e.g., macroalgae). BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)46 Priority initiatives i) Promote coastal infrastructures and facilities that are resilient to climatic phenome na and coastal erosion, with the aim of reducing the vulnerability of coastal com munities, tourist developments and harbour areas to the effects of climate change, adopting coastal protection methods in line with international best practice (na ture-based protection solutions). ii) Invest in combined intervention actions to save greenhouse gas emissions from the various sectors, promoting initiatives to replace high-carbon and non-renewable fuels with low-carbon or renewable fuels. iii) Establish areas for the protection and/or restoration of ecosystems that contribute to coastal protection, are a refuge for marine species and habitats and enhance blue carbon (mangrove forests, seagrass meadows, salt marshes and/or coral reefs), in liaison with coastal communities so that sustainable alternatives can be identified. iv) Develop awareness-raising and capacity-building actions on the effects of climate change among the various actors and stakeholders, and particularly by empower ing fishing communities, in order to increase the resilience of fishing activity. Cross-cutting axe 4. Communities Despite high investments in mega-projects, the promotion of small-scale fishing and aqua culture, and coastal and community tourism, the national economy remains fundamentally rural and low-income, with a GDP per capita of 600 dollars (in 2022), considered one of the lowest in the world. Despite the fact that around 1/3 of the Mozambican population lives along the coastline and the existence of opportunities for services and industries such as tourism, commerce and ports, it is still poor, with an index of 68.2%7. Within this framework, the EDEA must ensure not only economic alternatives to the extraction of marine resources, but also the participation of communities in the process of integrated marine and coastal development and the promotion of the technical capacity and education of women and young people, enabling them to have greater access to resources and employment opportu nities. Agriculture, fishing, exploitation of forest resources, traditional salt extraction, trade in prod ucts extracted from the sea or the land, hunting and handicrafts are some of the activities that make up the family economy of rural coastal households. The use of these goods and ecosystem services means less dependence on the monetary economy. As a means of subsistence, fami lies use other natural resources such as firewood for cooking, lighting and selling, charcoal, honey, wild plants and wood, straw and clay as building materials for their homes. Agriculture in the coastal zone is geared towards the production of basic food products and with a logic of ensuring subsistence, with low integration into markets and no access to capital. It should be noted that the commercialisation of own-produced agricultural products has been very low, due to low production and the food function that most crops perform. There is itinerant agri 7 ENDE 2025 - 2044 (National Poverty) BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 47 culture where land is periodically abandoned and new areas opened up through cycles of cutting and burning vegetation, with high productivity per unit area (and very little sustainability over all), given the efficient use of resources (land, family labour and water for irrigation) in cultivation. There is also so-called conservation agriculture, which generally uses one crop at a time, diversi fying on a rotational basis, and which involves the use of herbicides specific to each crop which, in principle, cannot be adapted to subsequent crops. Artisanal fishing is of enormous social and local importance and has traditionally been an im portant basis of subsistence for many coastal populations, most of whom depend on fishing and related activities. Today its production is marketed in large cities and neighbouring countries. In this fishery, the space of production, livelihood, life, organisation, social reproduction and labour activity are under the principle of production of use-value, even if a significant part of the produc tion is marketed. The harvesting of invertebrates in the intertidal zones, being an activity prac tised mainly by women and children, has an important social value and also occupies an import ant place in the survival of coastal populations. The sale of salt from small-scale salt pans contributes to the sustainability of small produc ers and the continued employment of the local labour force. However, the social impacts are neg ative, related to the use of cheap labour and damage to the health of the individuals who work there, particularly in the parts of the body that come into direct contact with the salt (the feet and hands), due to insufficient and/or lack of personal protective equipment. Trade in the coastal zone is basically informal and is strongly influenced by transport and com munications. Most coastal communities have two “lines” of access that allow them to have more than one transport system: by sea and by road. However, access from the main roads and the stretches that connect coastal communities and are of great importance for the flow of fish and the entry of other products, are mostly secondary, tertiary, vicinal or unclassified roads, which directly affects the commercialisation of both local products and goods from other areas. Still on the subject of commercialisation, the large markets, some conventional, are in the villag es with the highest population concentrations, and generally have some cement infrastructure. In most communities there are informal centres where small items (from manufactured food to ag ricultural and fishing supplies) are traded. In recent years, investments have been made, mainly in the northern and central provinces, from Cabo Delgado to Inhambane, in health units, schools, wa ter sources, access roads, transport networks, electricity supply and other infrastructure to directly support production. These investments were/are intended to help reduce poverty and improve food security by intensifying fishing production and improving the income of coastal communities. The development of conservation areas, tourism, maritime tourism activities (water sports, div ing and coral reef watching, among others) and hydrocarbon exploration on the Mozambican coast line come into conflict with artisanal fishing activities and the exploitation of other land resources, to a greater or lesser extent, and the intensification of tourism and mining are potential activities to worsen this situation. Although these activities can contribute to the socio-economic development of rural communities, what has been seen is that they receive little (or no) infrastructure and bene fits to better develop their activities, which hinders their social and economic inclusion. Very significant threats are associated with coastal flooding and the retreat of the coastline BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)48 in places where occupation is too close to the sea. There are numerous examples of occupation that has expanded or settled over the primary dune (removing it in some cases) to make way for buildings, roads and other infrastructure. This option diminishes the natural protection offered by the dunes, putting at risk the values, people and activities that inhabit or use the terrestrial mar gin. Coastal systems, such as mangroves, also act as natural absorbers of wave energy and their removal/destruction seriously jeopardises this function. Gender-related variables are extremely important in distinguishing and delineating social roles and responsibilities in local communities: in most cases, women take responsibility for household chores, such as cooking, collecting firewood, fetching water, certain agricultural activities, looking after the children, being responsible for and raising small animals (poultry, goats, pigs and others) and looking after the barn. The men are responsible for feeding the family and for the marketable produce, and they also make the final decision on what part of it is to be sold and how the money is to be used. When it comes to buying household supplies, it’s usually the men who go to more dis tant markets, while the women buy more at local “markets”. The presence of women in the “infor mal” trade of goods (including fish) seems to be more visible in some communities with minimally facilitated access to information, communication and cities, but trade remains a predominantly male activity. Health is the essential condition for the development of individuals, communities and the country as a whole, and improving health care through investment in health systems can accel erate economic growth and contribute to sustainable development. Education, especially among women, plays an important role in the health of the population, particularly children, and it should be noted that people with a higher level of education have lower morbidity rates from the most common acute and chronic diseases, regardless of basic demographic and labour market factors. However, and particularly in smaller communities, the national challenge is magnified by the high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, including trauma, malnutrition and the effects of climate change. Malnutrition negatively influences the physical and cognitive development of children, the productivity of individuals and consequently the economy. The mag nitude of public health emergencies has resulted in new emerging disease risks, an increase in the frequency of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, aggravated by the existence of dis persed populations, cultural and behavioural beliefs that are harmful to health, the unavailabili ty of credible information, the lack of an adequate reference and health information system and community support that allows for a rapid response to events that endanger the health of com munities. Over the last few years, the expansion of health-related community services, coupled with a shortage of human resources, has led to the introduction of other categories of community actors, and categories of local community actors such as traditional midwives and traditional medicine practitioners have been institutionalised to act in the promotion and prevention of diseases in communities. Despite these efforts, there is a fragmentation of interventions, inadequate com munity involvement, duplication of efforts and gaps in the provision of the essential health care package throughout people’s lives. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 49 Strategic Objectives: a) Contribute to improving the quality of life of coastal communities and, at the same time, to the conservation of biodiversity and coastal protection, by developing and articu lating initiatives and investments to support these communities, ensuring adequate access to fishing areas, the involvement of investors and local communities in the sus tainable management of natural resources and ecosystems that ensure coastal protec tion, but also in the qualification of urban settlements, infrastructures and equipment, creating jobs and promoting training in complementary and/or alternative activities, improving income for families. b) Improve the network of community actors linked to local development sectors such as water and sanitation, education, agriculture and rural extension, protection of the most vulnerable and emergency risk management, among other social areas, contributing to improving the implementation of national policies for local community development and the creation of people’s well-being. c) Strengthen the integration of gender and human rights issues into governance instru ments, particularly with a view to empowering women in coastal communities and promoting the technical capacity and education of women and young people. d) Expand the country’s efforts to promote health, prevent disease and expand health ser vices through mobile health brigades and community health agents who live in com munities, adapting interventions to prevent individual and collective risks of disease and creating greater responsibility for all actors involved in building health and com mon well-being. e) Improve environmental training, education and awareness, and particularly the level of awareness/literacy about coastal dynamics, the coastline, oceans and inland waterways. Strategic Actions: i. Strengthen and encourage the creation of grassroots community organisations (in cluding Natural Resource Management Committees, Community Fishing Councils, cooperatives and other associations), and involving structures of local development community actors as well as local civil society organisations, in boosting the in volvement of local actors in participatory management, and being able to promote compliance with management measures at local level in their area of influence, with reference to the specific communities, territories and the adjacent coastal strip where activities with a local impact are carried out. ii. Develop programmes to encourage the creation of businesses, training and creating jobs for women and young people in the value chain of fisheries and aquaculture products, but also in other activities that take place on the coastline, adjacent mari time space and inland waters (tourism, extraction of mineral resources, nature con servation), contributing to improving people’s quality of life and, in particular, their food conditions. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)50 iii. Promote the active participation of all community development actors, and involve lo cal communities, leaders and interest groups (e.g. young people, women, the elderly, people with disabilities, among others) to deal with the social determinants of health and map local needs and prioritise their health areas, ensuring that populations have rapid access to essential health services and the creation of their well-being. iv. Produce and disseminate information on natural values, the management of marine, coastal and inland water resources and the impacts of uses and activities in the most sensitive areas, supporting environmental education activities for communities, but also for other key players such as tourists, businesspeople and investors. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 51 4. GOVERNANCE MODEL 4.1 DEFINITION OF THE GOVERNANCE MODEL Defining the EDEA’s detailed governance model is key to identifying who should be responsible for the overall management of the EDEA, for the various initiatives that will form part of its Action Plan and for monitoring and evaluating them, and who the stakeholders should be to ensure the success of these initiatives. The EDEA’s detailed governance model includes a representative outline of the decision-mak ing process, including the definition of roles and responsibilities and the main routines of the dif ferent bodies. 4.2 EDEA’S MANAGEMENT MODEL Political coordination - National Blue Economy Council (CNEA) A National BE Council will be set up to consider and decide on matters related to the Blue Econ omy: this Council will be chaired by MIMAIP and co-chaired by MEF. CNEA is made up of all sectors with an interest in the Blue Economy, and its remit is as follows: ▪ Decide on Blue Economy proposals ▪ Deliberate on matters relating to the Blue Economy ▪ Analyse the regulatory instruments to be submitted to the Council of Ministers on Blue Economy matters ▪ Validate the BE’s monitoring and evaluation reports Figure 2 - EDEA Governance Scheme Executive coordination - National Secretariat for the Blue Economy (SNEA) The SNEA should function as an Executive Secretariat, with a coordinator and a technical sup BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)52 port structure. SNEA is a technical support unit for the CNEA and CTEA, endowed with the appropriate capac ity to manage relevant information and processes relating to matters concerning the Blue Econo my, but without political decision-making power: ▪ Taking on the role of dynamic agent and integrator of the strategic actions leading to the realisation of the EDEA; ▪ Monitoring, evaluating and ensuring alignment between strategic objectives, priority ini tiatives and the actions of the different players; ▪ Promoting coordination between the various organisations and stakeholders in line with the strategic pillars and cross-cutting axes. Composition SNEA is made up of the following organisations: ▪ National Blue Economy Directorate ▪ National Policy and Cooperation Directorate ▪ Blue Economy Development Fund Technical Committee of the Blue Economy (CTEA) The CTEA is an eminently technical body with the ability to analyse relevant information. It will bring content, objectivity and technical-scientific reasoning, in a comprehensive sense, to politi cal decision-making, which will thus gain qualification, which will strengthen its credibility. This body should be specialised, multifunctional and have its own diverse competences relating to Blue Economy issues. This body meets quarterly and may meet extraordinarily on proposed matters. His main duties and responsibilities are: ▪ Ensure the assessment of the state of the marine environment and the impacts of cli mate change and human activities; ▪ Contribute to a comprehensive national environmental monitoring system for Mozam bique’s maritime space, inland waters and coastal zones; ▪ Promote the development of new environmental indicators and reference levels; ▪ Ensure regular updates of the EDEA and corresponding Action Plans ; ▪ Identify economic and financial feasibility solutions for implementing projects; ▪ Identify opportunities that create competitive value and sustainable development; ▪ Ensure alignment of sustainability initiatives, monitoring of Blue Economy Action Plans; ▪ Report periodically to the National Blue Economy Council, in line with the cycle of moni toring government actions. Composition CTEA is made up of representatives from the following organisations: ▪ The public sector with an interest in matters relating to the Blue Economy; ▪ Public and private research institutes; ▪ Private sector with an interest in matters relating to the Blue Economy. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 53 Depending on the subject, other experts and professionals may be invited to take part in its meetings and seminars. Financing the Blue Economy EDEA funding, without prejudice to sectoral funding, is to be coordinated by ProAzul, which is also part of SNEA. Funding will prioritise the initiatives that make up the portfolio of blue projects and the action plan. Projects may be financed by one or more of the following sources of funding, among others: ▪ Sectoral funds, through the State Budget; ▪ External funds (bilateral or multilateral agreements); ▪ Public-private partnerships; ▪ Private direct investment; ▪ Non-governmental organisations; ▪ Philanthropic organisations. Coordination of EDEA Strategic Pillars/Cross-cutting Axe Each Pillar/Challenge should have a focal point (SSEA), ensured by each of the ministries cor responding to the sector involved. P1: Fisheries and Aquaculture - MIMAIP P2: Renewable energies and the marine extractive industry - MIREME P3: Natural capital, environment and circular economy - MTA P4: Tourism and culture - MICULTUR P5: Maritime transport and port and logistics infrastructures - MTC P6: Maritime Security - MDN and MINT The cross-cutting axe may be coordinated by the SNEA, which will organise regular meetings with the other ministries involved, as distributed below, and may, depending on the issues to be dealt with, not involve representatives from all the ministries and/or invite other ministries. E1: Good governance - MEF, MIMAIP, MTA, MINEC E2: Knowledge, innovation and technologies - MCTES, MINEDH, MIC E3: Climate change - MIMAIP, MTA, MOPHRH E4: Communities - MIMAIP, MTA, MITSS, MADER, MGCAS, SEJE, SED EDEA’s governance mechanism EDEA’s governance mechanism is dynamic, ensuring the continuous improvement of pro cesses, as shown in figure 3, where: ▪ The Governance Model defines the priorities for implementation, monitors the results and ensures that the focus of the strategic pillars and cross-cutting axes is updated; ▪ The Action Plan reflects the priorities in the implementation of the EDEA; ▪ The monitoring plan will periodically make it possible to track the results achieved against the standards set and recommend any revisions; ▪ The strategic objectives and strategic actions of each strategic pillar and cross-cutting BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)54 axis will be fed back and updated as recommended by the monitoring reports. Figure 3 - EDEA governance mechanism 5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION The Plan for monitoring and evaluating EDEA’s progress is the instrument that aims to ensure the fulfilment of the Mission and the achievement of the Vision. This plan includes a set of indicators - clear, realistic and effective - to measure and evaluate the proposed actions and therefore measure the effectiveness of the EDEA, including its align ment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Three groups of indicators were selected: 1. Reference indicators (to be assessed annually), which basically relate to the contribution to GDP and employment of each of the sectors or sub-sectors 2. Indicators related to the Strategic Actions of the Strategic Pillars and Transversal Axes (contained in the EDEA Action Plan) 3. SDG indicators monitored according to the ongoing evaluation8 that can be used as a proxy. The information corresponding to the groups of indicators will be systematically collected by the Sector Focal Points, with the support of the SNEA. This information will serve as a basis for analysing the CTEA action plan and producing periodic reports, ensuring alignment with govern ment objectives. One of the main sources of information for the EDEA monitoring and evaluation process will be 8 Sources: Report Voluntary National Review 2020 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, CINEGROUP BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 55 the Blue Economy Satellite Account (CSEA), once it is established. In addition, the CSEA will make it possible to assess the economic impact of the EDEA as well as the Blue Economy’s contribution to GDP. 6. ACTION PLAN EDEA’s Action Plan is structured according to the Strategic Objectives (SO) related to EDEA’s strategic pillars and cross-cutting axes. Management initiatives (strategic actions) were associated with each SO identified, with char acteristics SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timed), i.e. well-defined, mea surable and confirmable, feasible, realistic and with deadlines for implementation. Thus, each SO contains at least one management initiative (strategic action) that will be used to achieve that objective and which will subsequently be the focus of the EDEA’s performance monitoring and evaluation. The structure of the action plan includes: ▪ Strategic Objectives ▪ Description of Strategic Actions ▪ Targets ▪ Budget ▪ Prioritisation ▪ Stakeholders ▪ Responsible sector ▪ Stakeholders ▪ Degree of complexity ▪ Indicators ▪ Means of verification ▪ Deadline (start and end). BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)56 ANAC Administração Nacional para as Áreas de Conservação (National Administration for Conservation Areas) AU African Union CCP Community Fishing Council CONDES National Council for Sustainable Development DUAT Title to the right to use and benefit from the land EDEA Blue Economy Development Strategy EGIZC Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy EITI Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative ENAMMC National Strategy for Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change ENDE National Development Strategy FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gases GVA Gross value added IMO International Maritime Organisation INE National Institute of Statistics InOM Oceanographic Institute of Mozambique IORA Indian Ocean Rim Association KBA Key Biodiversity Areas MADER Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MCTES Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education MDN Ministry of National Defence MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MGCAS Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Action MICUL TUR Ministry of Culture and Tourism MIMAIP Ministry of the Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries MINEDH Ministry of Education and Human Development MIREME Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy MITSS Ministry of Labour and Social Security MOPHRH Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources MSP Maritime Spatial Planning MTA Ministry of Land and Environment MTC Ministry of Transport and Communications NDC National Determined Contributions NGO Non-Governmental Organisation(s) PDUT District Land Use Plan PEOT Special Land Management Plan BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 57 PEU Urban Structure Plan PNDT National Territorial Development Plan POEM Mozambique’s Maritime Spatial Planning / Situation Plan POLMAR Sea Policy and Strategy PPDT Provincial Territorial Development Plan ProAzul Blue Economy Development Fund R&D Research and Development SADC Southern African Development Community SDG Sustainable Development Goals SIDS Small Island Developing States SO Strategic Objectives SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TUPEM Title of Private Use of Maritime Space UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WG or TWG Thematic Working Group WIO Western Indian Ocean ZIT Areas of Tourist Interest UNITS CO2 Carbon dioxide tcf Trillions of cubic feet USD United States Dollar BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)58 GLOSSARY Bioprospecting/ bioexploitation or biodiversity prospecting - the process of exploring or sys tematically searching for genetic and biochemical information for the subsequent economic and social development of pharmaceuticals, agriculture, cosmetics, manufacturing, construc tion, engineering and other applications. Biopiracy - any process of illegitimate appropriation, usually through intellectual property rights, of genetic resources and traditional knowledge and cultures associated with the utilisa tion of biodiversity values. Biotechnology - any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or their derivatives to create or modify products or processes for specific use. Natural capital - a set of direct values (resources, biological control and regulation, medicines) and indirect values (ecosystem services, pollination, etc.) of biodiversity that can be economi cally quantified or have a market value. Blue Economy - all economic activities linked to the sustainable use of ocean, marine, coastal, river and lake resources for economic growth, including the protection of ecosystems and bio diversity values. Circular Economy - all activities aimed at overcoming the linear economy model, promoting the responsible consumption of raw materials by preventing the production of waste through the reuse or recycling of waste, with the aim of extending the life cycle of products. Blue Energy - energy produced by renewable energy sources from the aquatic environment. Blue ports - Ports that meet sustainability objectives: reducing greenhouse gases, managing liquid and solid waste in a sustainable way, preventing the invasion of exotic species by ships, with configurations that minimise the impacts of dredging and interference with coastal dy namics and that contribute to a satisfactory port-city link. Biological resources - genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations or any other type of biotic components of ecosystems of current or potential value or utility to humanity. Genetic resources - genetic material of real or potential value, integrating the set of biological resources Climate Risk - refers to the probability of a foreseeable climatic event occurring. Ecosystem services - a set of services providing goods (food, fibres, pharmaceutical molecules, wood, etc.), climate regulation (water and air purification, climate regulation, pollination, etc.), ecosystem support (photosynthesis, water cycles, soil formation) and cultural services (leisure spaces, aesthetics, creative inspiration). Nature-based tourism - non-destructive way of using wildlife that materialises through visits for scientific research, formal education, purely recreational tourism using the aesthetic values of nature that may be combined with elements of real or synthetic adventure, in landscapes, topography, hydrography, vegetation and wildlife. Purpose-driven travel - travelling with a particular objective ranging from self-improvement trips, learning or meditation retreats, to trips that contribute to improving the world by sup porting communities, for example through reconstruction or teaching, or contributing to con servation, for example in clearing forests, planting crops, putting newborn turtles back into the sea, etc. ACTION PLAN FOR THE BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2024-2033 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 61 ACTION PLAN EDEA’s Action Plan is structured according to the Strategic Objectives (SO) related to EDEA’s Strategic Pillars and Cross-Cutting Axes. Management initiatives (strategic actions) were associated with each SO identified, with cha racteristics SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timed ), i.e. well-defined, mea surable and confirmable, feasible, realistic and with deadlines for implementation. Thus, each SO contains at least one management initiative (strategic action) that will be used to achieve that objective and which will subsequently be the focus of the EDEA’s performance monitoring and evaluation. The action plan matrix includes the following fields: ▪ Strategic Objectives ▪ Description of Strategic Actions ▪ Targets ▪ Budget ▪ Priority ▪ Stakeholders ▪ Responsible sector ▪ Stakeholders ▪ Degree of complexity ▪ Indicators ▪ Means of Verification ▪ Deadline (start and end) This action plan will be operationalised within the framework of the cycle for drawing up sec toral plans. BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 63 | 1 BB LLUU EE EE CC OO NN OO MM YY DD EEVV EELL OO PP MM EENN TT SS TT RR AA TT EEGG YY 22 0022 44 2200 3344 AA CC TTII OO NN PP LLAA NN MM AA TTRR IIXX PP IILL LLAA RR 11:: FF IISS HH EERR IIEE SS AA NN DD AA QQ UU AA CC UU LLTT UU RR EE PP 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 M T)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (b eg in ni ng an d en d) FFii sshh iinn gg aa)) IInn ccrr eeaa ssii nn gg tthh ee eecc oonn oomm iicc ,, ssoo ccii aall aa nn dd ccll iimm aatt ee rree ssii lliiee nn ccee oo ff tthh iiss ss eecc ttoo rr,, pprr oovv iidd iinn gg eeqq uu iitt aabb llee aacc ccee ssss ttoo rree ssoo uu rrcc eess ffoo rr ffii sshh eerr mm eenn aann dd eenn ssuu rrii nn gg ffii sshh eerr iiee ss ww iitt hh gg rree aatt eerr ccoo mm mm eerr ccii aall vvaa lluu ee iv ) P ro m ot e th e cr ea ti on of m od er n co op er at iv es an d as so ci at io ns to im pr ov e th e qu al it y of pr od uc ti on a nd s up po rt th em a nd o th er o rg an is ed fis hi ng c om m un it ie s in m od er ni si ng th ei r f le et s, es ta bl is hi ng o r i m pr ov in g fis h pr oc es si ng p la nt s an d id en ti fy in g m ar ke ts , pa rt ic ul ar ly th ro ug h fin an ci al s er vi ce s to m in im is e di ff ic ul ti es in ac ce ss in g cr ed it . P ro du ct io n an d ex tr ac ti on o f m ar in e bi ol og ic al re so ur ce s ca rr ie d ou t su st ai na bl y an d m an ag ed o n th e ba si s of a n ec os ys te m ap pr oa ch 46 1.8 25 Im m ed ia te ly Fi sh er m en 's as so ci at io n s; w om en 's an d yo ut h gr ou ps ; co m m un it ie s M IM A IP M IM A IP / P R O A ZU L, A D N A P , I D EP A , M CT ES , A ca de m ia , N G O s, M EF Si m pl e N um be r o f as so ci at io ns a nd co op er at iv es pr om ot ed W el l be in g su rv ey re po rt s fr om th e co m m un it ie s co nc er ne d 20 24 2 03 2 D ev el op fi na nc ia l pr og ra m m es , m ob ili se fu nd in g an d m ak e cr ed it s av ai la bl e fo r t he im pl em en ta ti on o f pr oj ec ts to d ev el op s m al l sc al e fis he ri es th ro ug ho ut th e va lu e ch ai n Su bs ta nt ia l in cr ea se in th e so ur ce s an d vo lu m es o f fu nd in g m ob ili se d to su pp or t fis he ri es de ve lo pm en t pr oj ec ts 10 .0 42 .5 0 0 H ig h Co op er at io n pa rt ne rs ; Fu nd in g ag en ci es M IM A IP M IM A IP / ID EP A , P R O A ZU L Si m pl e N o. o f s ou rc es an d vo lu m e of fu nd in g m ob ili se d V ol um e of fu nd in g m ob ili se d fo r sm al l d is tr ic t an d lo ca l bu si ne ss es Fi na nc ia l re po rt s pr od uc ed 20 24 2 03 4 FFii sshh iinn gg aann dd bb)) TT oo eenn ssuu rree tthh ee ssuu pppp llyy v) S tr en gt he ni ng th e ne tw or k of p or t, st or ag e In cr ea se d nu m be r o f p or ts 65 3. 70 0 H ig h P ri va te Se ct or ; M IM A IP M IM A IP /P R O A Z U L, ID EP A Co m pl ex R eq ui re s N o. o f f is hi ng po rt s R ep or ts pr od uc ed b y 20 24 2 03 4 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)64 | 2 PP 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 M T)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (b eg in ni ng an d en d) AA qquu aacc uu ll ttuu rree aann dd ccoo nn ssuu mm pptt iioo nn oo ff ff iiss hh aa tt nn aatt iioo nn aall llee vvee ll,, pprr oomm oott iinn gg ffoo oodd aa nn dd nn uu ttrr iitt iioo nn aall ssee ccuu rrii ttyy .. an d su pp or t s tr uc tu re s fo r t he m ar ke ti ng , pr oc es si ng a nd co ns er va ti on o f f is h, in cr ea si ng th ei r c ov er ag e an d pr om ot in g th ei r u se , in tr od uc in g m or e ef fic ie nt te ch no lo gi es a nd c re at in g co nd it io ns fo r t he de ve lo pm en t o f pr oc es si ng a nd co ns er va ti on c om pa ni es . w it h co nd it io ns to s up po rt co ns er va ti on , pr oc es si ng a nd co m m er ci al is at i on Fu nd in g A ge nc ie s; Co op er at io n P ar tn er s. fe as ib ili ty st ud ie s m od er ni se d N o. o f i m pr ov ed fis h co ns er va ti on an d pr oc es si ng in fr as tr uc tu re s th e tu te la ge Si gn ifi ca nt ly in cr ea se th e nu m be r o f m ar ke ts a nd id en ti fy a nd pr om ot e/ de ve lo p ne w sa le s ch an ne ls fo r f is h, w it h sp ec ia l e m ph as is o n th e di st ri ct a nd lo ca l l ev el an d in lo ca lit ie s w it h lit tl e ac ce ss to s ea fo od pr od uc ts . In cr ea se d nu m be r o f l oc al m ar ke ts a nd ne w fi sh s al es ch an ne ls cr ea te d 20 6. 37 5 H ig h P ri va te Se ct or ; Fi sh in g A ss oc ia ti on s; F in an ci ng A ge nc ie s M IM A IP M IM A IP / IN IP , I P ID EP A , I P P R O A ZU L, FP Co m pl ex R eq ui re s m ar ke t re se ar ch N o. o f n ew di st ri ct s/ lo ca ti o ns w it h ac ce ss to se af oo d pr od uc ts R ep or ts w it h da ta o n w or ks to im pr ov e sa ni ta ry co nd it io ns a nd in sp ec ti on ac ti on s 20 24 2 02 7 In cr ea si ng th e hy gi en e an d he al th q ua lit y of fi sh , na m el y by im pr ov in g th e in fr as tr uc tu re a nd sa ni ta ry c on di ti on s of m ar ke ts a nd b y tr ai ni ng , ra is in g aw ar en es s an d m on it or in g co m pl ia nc e w it h ba si c hy gi en e an d In cr ea se d fo od sa fe ty a nd fi sh qu al it y fo r t he en d co ns um er 35 .6 20 Im m ed ia te ly P ri va te Se ct or ; M un ic ip al it i es ; I nf or m al R es el le rs M IM A IP M IM A IP / IN IP ,IP ID EP A ,IP Co m pl ex R eq ui re s st at e fu nd in g N o. o f n ew fi sh se lle rs le ga lis ed fr om a h yg ie ne an d he al th p oi nt of v ie w N o. o f t ra in in g ac ti vi ti es or ga ni se d R ep or ts w it h in fo rm at io n on tr ai ni ng ac ti vi ti es , in cl ud in g en ro lm en t a nd at te nd an ce re co rd s 20 24 2 02 7 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 65 | 3 PP 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 M T)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (b eg in ni ng an d en d) fo od s af et y ru le s. En co ur ag in g re se ar ch in th e ar ea o f f is h co ns er va ti on , p ro ce ss in g an d tr an sf or m at io n by na ti on al a ca de m ia a nd bo os ti ng k no w le dg e tr an sf er K no w le dg e of th e be st co ns er va ti on an d pr oc es si ng te ch no lo gi es im pr ov ed a nd tr an sf er re d to th e fis he ri es se ct or A ve ra ge A ca de m ia ; Co op er at io n P ar tn er s. M IM A IP M IM A IP / IN IP , ID EP A , M CT ES Co m pl ex Ch al le ng e of re si st an ce to c ha ng e N o. o f r es ea rc h an d kn ow le dg e tr an sf er p ro je ct s im pl em en te d St ud y R ep or ts on P os t Ca pt ur e Lo ss es R ep or ts pr od uc ed o n th e re su lt s of sc ie nt ifi c pr oj ec ts 20 24 2 02 7 In vo lv in g co m m un it ie s in su st ai na bl e pr od uc ti on , pu bl ic is in g fo od s af et y an d pr om ot in g th e co ns um pt io n of fa rm ed fis h Im pr ov in g th e di et o f t he m os t di sa dv an ta ge d co m m un it ie s in th e in te ri or o f th e co un tr y 30 .5 50 H ig h Fi sh in g co m m un it y; Co op er at io n pa rt ne rs M IM A IP M IM A IP / IN IP , M EF , M CT ES Si m pl e N o. o f p eo pl e be ne fit in g fr om aw ar en es s ra is in g ac ti vi ti es P ro m ot io n do cu m en ts 20 24 2 03 4 P ro m ot e ac ti on s to co lle ct , l an d an d ut ili se th e ac co m pa ny in g fa un a of a ll fis he ri es (p ra w ns , sh ri m p an d tu na ). A cc om pa ny in g fa un a ut ili se d an d va lu ed 15 9. 57 5 Im m ed ia te ly Fi sh in g in du st ry ; P ro ce ss or s; Fi sh tr ad er s M IM A IP M IM A IP / A D N A P ,IP ID EP A , IP P R O A ZU L, FP Co m pl ex Ch al le ng e of co op er at io n be tw ee n th e ag en ts in vo lv ed V ol um e of ac co m pa ny in g fa un a in fi sh la nd ed FA u ti lis at io n st at is ti cs 20 24 2 03 4 FFii sshh iinn gg ((cc )) uu ppdd aatt ee aann dd// oorr iinn ccrr eeaa ssee kk nn ooww llee ddgg ee ooff ee xx ppll ooii ttee dd oorr pp oott eenn ttii aall ffii sshh eerr iiee ss U pd at in g an d/ or in cr ea si ng k no w le dg e of ex pl oi te d or p ot en ti al fis hi ng re so ur ce s, in pa rt ic ul ar b y id en ti fy in g th e M ax im um Su st ai na bl e Y ie ld (M SY ) U pd at ed M SY o f al l t he m ai n fis he ri es 78 8. 12 5 H ig h Fi sh in g In du st ry ; Fi sh in g Co m m un it ie s M IM A IP M IM A IP / A D N A P ,IP In O M Si m pl e Th e se ct or is st ru ct ur ed to c ar ry o ut th e ta sk v ia In O M N o. o f f is he ri es as se ss ed o r re as se ss ed N o. o f M an ag em en t P la ns a pp ro ve d an d R ep or ts o n st oc k as se ss m en t st ud ie s/ fis he ry st oc ks 20 24 2 03 4 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)66 | 4 PP 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 M T)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (b eg in ni ng an d en d) rree ssoo uu rrcc eess aann dd tthh eeii rr sspp aatt iiaa ll ddii sstt rrii bbuu ttii oonn aann dd aadd oopp tt aa ccoo ddee oo ff ccoo nn dduu cctt ffoo rr ssuu sstt aaii nn aabb llee ffii sshh iinn gg aann dd tthh ee pprr eecc aauu ttii oonn aarr yy pprr iinn ccii ppll ee ww hh eerr ee uu nn ccee rrtt aaii nn ttyy aabb oouu tt tt hh ee sstt aatt ee ooff rree ssoo uu rrcc eess pprr eevv aaii llss an d it s sp at ia l di st ri bu ti on , c ar ry in g ou t as se ss m en t a nd fe as ib ili ty s tu di es o n th e ex pl oi ta ti on o f e xi st in g st oc ks a nd m ap pi ng ex pl oi te d/ po te nt ia l fis hi ng g ro un ds . im pl em en te d N o. o f f is hi ng gr ou nd s m ap pe d A do pt a c od e of c on du ct fo r s us ta in ab le fi sh in g an d th e pr ec au ti on ar y pr in ci pl e w he re un ce rt ai nt y ab ou t t he st at e of re so ur ce s pr ev ai ls . In cr ea se d re sp on si bi lit y an d ca re in th e m an ag em en t an d su st ai na bl e ex pl oi ta ti on o f fis he ri es re so ur ce s 50 4. 33 5 H ig h Fi sh in g In du st ry ; Fi sh in g Co m m un it ie s M IM A IP M IM A IP / A D N A P , I P / In O M Si m pl e N o. o f aw ar en es s ra is in g ac ti on s to ad op t c od es o f co nd uc t i n lin e w it h su st ai na bl e ex pl oi ta ti on R ep or ts pr od uc ed w it h nu m be r o f aw ar en es s ra is in g ac ti on s 20 24 2 02 7 FFii sshh iinn gg aann dd AA qquu aacc uu ll ttuu rree dd)) IImm pprr oovv ee tthh ee llee vvee ll oo ff ttrr aaii nn iinn gg ooff ffii sshh eerr iiee ss aann dd aaqq uu aacc uu lltt uu rree pprr ooff eess ssii oonn aall ss,, ppaa rrtt iicc uu llaa rrll yy iinn ttee rrmm ss ooff iinn nn oovv aatt iioo nn aann dd ttee cchh nn ooll oogg yy ttrr aann ssff eerr ,, aa nn dd ii) C re at e de di ca te d tr ai ni ng p ro gr am m es a nd pr om ot e th e pa rt ic ip at io n of fi sh er ie s an d aq ua cu lt ur e pr of es si on al s in s pe ci fic tr ai ni ng ac ti vi ti es . 25 % o f pr of es si on al s to at te nd tr ai ni ng by 2 02 7; 4 0% b y 20 40 2200 ..00 0000 H ig h Fi sh in g in du st ry ; V oc at io na l tr ai ni ng sc ho ol s; A ss oc ia ti on s M IM A IP M IM A IP /F is hi ng Sc ho ol ; A ca de m y Si m pl e N o. o f pr of es si on al s us in g ne w te ch no lo gi es in fis he ri es N o. o f r es ea rc h an d kn ow le dg e tr an sf er p ro je ct s im pl em en te d Tr ai ni ng re po rt s in cl ud in g en ro lm en t a nd at te nd an ce re co rd s 20 24 2 02 6 vi ) D ev el op in du st ri es lin ke d to th e co ns tr uc ti on an d re pa ir o f f is hi ng ve ss el s an d fis hi ng g ea r Su bs ta nt ia l in cr ea se a nd im pr ov em en t i n th e co nd it io ns 1155 ..00 0000 H ig h Fi sh in g In du st ry ; Fi na nc in g A ge nc ie s M IM A IP M IM A IP / ID EP A ,IP ; I nO M P ro A zu l, FP ; M CT ES ; Co m pl ex N o. o f n av al co m pa ni es o r in di vi du al pr of es si on al s R ep or ts pr od uc ed o n cr ed it s gr an te d 20 24 2 03 4 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 67 | 5 PP 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 M T)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (b eg in ni ng an d en d) ttee cchh nn iicc aall aann dd sscc iiee nn ttii ffii cc kk nn ooww llee ddgg ee iinn tthh ee ffii eell dd ooff tthh eess ee aann dd rree llaa ttee dd aacc ttii vvii ttii eess .. as a w ay o f i m pr ov in g th e te ch no lo gi ca l a nd or ga ni sa ti on al le ve l o f t he ar ti sa na l f le et an d te ch no lo gi ca l kn ow le dg e of co m pa ni es bu ild in g an d re pa ir in g bo at s an d fis hi ng g ea r A ca de m ia ; Sc ie nt ifi c R es ea rc h In st it ut io ns A ca de m ia su pp or te d Em po w er in g co m m un it y ba se d or ga ni sa ti on s w it h tr ai ni ng in g oo d m an ag em en t p ra ct ic es Si gn ifi ca nt ly in cr ea se d tr ai ni ng fo r m an ag er s of co m m un it y ba se d or ga ni sa ti on s 24 3. 68 5 H ig h Fi sh in g co m m un it ie s; F is hi ng as so ci at io n s; C o op er at io n pa rt ne rs M IM A IP M IM A IP / A D N A P , I P / ID EP A , I P F is hi ng Sc ho ol Si m pl e Th e se ct or is st ru ct ur ed to b e re al is ed v ia th e Fi sh in g Sc ho ol a nd ID EP A N o. o f t ra in ee s in go od m an ag em en t pr ac ti ce s R ep or ts w it h th e m ai n re su lt s of th e ac ti vi ti es , in cl ud in g en ro lm en t a nd pa rt ic ip at io n re co rd s 20 24 2 02 7 FFii sshh iinn gg ee)) PP rroo mm oott iinn gg tthh ee bbii oo eecc oonn oomm iicc aall ll yy ssuu sstt aaii nn aabb llee eexx ppll ooii ttaa ttii oonn ooff ffii sshh eerr iiee ss aann dd aaqq uu aacc uu lltt uu rree rree ssoo uu rrcc eess ,, iimm pprr oovv iinn gg iinn ttee rr iinn sstt iitt uu ttii oonn aall ccoo mm mm uu nn iicc aatt iioo nn aa nn dd i) P ro m ot e th e co ns er va ti on a nd su st ai na bl e m an ag em en t of m ar in e, c oa st al a nd in la nd w at er re so ur ce s Ill eg al a nd /o r in ap pr op ri at e pr ac ti ce s re du ce d by 5 0 pe r c en t b y 20 27 Fi sh in g w it h sh or e tr aw ls el im in at ed b y 20 27 90 1.3 55 Im m ed ia te ly Fi sh in g co m m un it ie s; F is hi ng as so ci at io n s; C o op er at io n pa rt ne rs ; N G O s M IM A IP M IM A IP / A D N A P / ID EP A , IP O N G Co m pl ex Ch al le ng e of re si st an ce to c ha ng e Le ve l o f re du ct io n in no n co nv en ti on al fis hi ng g ea r N o. o f m or e su st ai na bl e an d le ga l f is hi ng te ch no lo gi es ad op te d A rt is an al fis hi ng c en su s an d in sp ec ti on re po rt s 20 24 2 02 7 Se ns it is e fis he rm en to th e us e of m or e su st ai na bl e an d re gu la te d ge ar a nd en co ur ag e ex pe ri m en ta l an d de m on st ra ti on Ill eg al a nd /o r in ap pr op ri at e fis hi ng p ra ct ic es re du ce d by 9 0 pe r c en t b y 38 1.0 95 A ve ra ge Fi sh in g co m m un it ie s; F is hi ng as so ci at io n s; C o M IM A IP M IM A IP / A D N A P ,IP / ID EP A , I P A ca de m ia , N G O s Co m pl ex Ch al le ng e of re si st an ce to c ha ng e N o. o f tr ai ni ng /d em on st ra ti on ac ti vi ti es or ga ni se d Tr ai ni ng /d em o ns tr at io n re po rt s, in cl ud in g en ro lm en t a nd 20 24 2 03 4 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)68 | 6 PP 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 M T)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (b eg in ni ng an d en d) ccoo oorr ddii nn aatt iioo nn aann dd mm oonn iitt oorr iinn gg,, mm iinn iimm iiss iinn gg ccoo nn ffll iicc ttss ww iitt hh oo tthh eerr aacc ttii vvii ttii eess aann dd rree dduu ccii nn gg tthh ee rrii sskk oo ff ddii ssee aass ee fis hi ng o f t hi s ge ar 20 40 op er at io n pa rt ne rs ; N G O s at te nd an ce re co rd s U pd at in g ce ns us es o f ar ti sa na l a nd s ub si st en ce fis hi ng , a s w el l a s th e en ti re fi sh in g in du st ry , ev er y fiv e ye ar s. A rt is an al a nd su bs is te nc e fis hi ng a ct iv it ie s du ly re gi st er ed 3. 46 5. 15 2 H ig h Fi sh in g Co m m un it ie s; S ta ti st ic al A ut ho ri ty M IM A IP M IM A IP / D EP I, ID EP A ,IP IN E, IP Si m pl e Ce ns us o f ar ti sa na l a nd su bs is te nc e fis hi ng a nd o th er re la te d ac ti vi ti es R ep or t w it h th e m ai n re su lt s Ce ns us da ta ba se 20 24 2 03 4 Eq ui pp in g in st it ut io ns w it h th e hu m an a nd te ch ni ca l r es ou rc es to su pe rv is e fis hi ng ac ti vi ti es b y tr ai ni ng a nd hi ri ng n ew te ch ni ci an s Si gn ifi ca nt in cr ea se in th e nu m be r o f su rv ei lla nc e ag en ts d ep lo ye d at p ro vi nc ia l an d di st ri ct le ve l 1188 ..00 0000 A ve ra ge Fi sh in g In du st ry ; Fi sh in g Co m m un it ie s M IM A IP M IM A IP / IN A M A R , I P Co m pl ex Ch al le ng e of fit ti ng in to th e Ci vi l Se rv ic e N o. o f a ge nt s hi re d to su pe rv is e fis hi ng a ct iv it ie s R ep or ts o n tr ai ni ng a nd in sp ec ti on ac ti vi ti es . 20 24 2 03 4 FFii sshh iinn gg aann dd AA qquu aacc uu ll ttuu rree ff)) OO pptt iimm iiss ee tthh ee mm aarr kk eett iinn gg ooff ffii sshh eerr iiee ss aann dd aaqq uu aacc uu lltt uu rree pprr oodd uu cctt ss bbyy ccoo nn ssoo lliidd aatt iinn gg tthh ee vvaa lluu ee cchh aaii nn ,, nn aamm eell yy bbyy iimm pprr oovv iinn gg tthh ee iinn ffrr aass ttrr uu cctt uu rr eess ssuu pppp oorr ttii nn gg ffii sshh eerr iiee ss aann dd vi i) B oo st in g th e va lu e ch ai n of fi sh in g an d aq ua cu lt ur e ac ti vi ti es , co nt ri bu ti ng to th e va lo ri sa ti on o f l oc al pr od uc ti on (f is hi ng a nd aq ua cu lt ur e) a nd th e de ve lo pm en t o f pr oc es si ng a nd co ns er va ti on c om pa ni es , in vo lv in g co m m un it ie s, re sp on di ng to n ew , m or e de m an di ng fo od co ns um pt io n ha bi ts a nd im pr ov in g pe op le 's di et ar y co nd it io ns . Si gn ifi ca nt in cr ea se in th e nu m be r o f f is h pr es er va ti on an d pr oc es si ng co m pa ni es a t di st ri ct a nd lo ca l le ve l N ew fi sh co ns er va ti on an d m ar ke ti ng in fr as tr uc tu re m od el s im pl em en te d 99.. 0000 00 H ig h P ri va te Se ct or ; Fu nd in g A ge nc ie s; Co op er at io n P ar tn er s. M IM A IP M IM A IP / ID EP A , IP P ro A zu l Co m pl ex R eq ui re s fe as ib ili ty st ud ie s N o. o f f is h pr es er va ti on an d pr oc es si ng co m pa ni es su pp or te d A ct iv it y re po rt s 20 24 2 03 4 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 69 | 7 PP 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 M T)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (b eg in ni ng an d en d) aaqq uu aacc uu lltt uu rree pprr oodd uu cctt iioo nn aann dd tthh ee pprr oocc eess ssii nn gg ooff ffii sshh eerr iiee ss// aaqq uu aacc uu lltt uu rree pprr oodd uu cctt ss,, aann dd bbyy eenn ssuu rrii nn gg aadd eeqq uu aatt ee qquu aall iitt yy ccoo nn ttrr ooll .. Im pr ov in g th e co nd it io ns fo r l an di ng , d oc ki ng a nd an ch or in g ve ss el s an d pr ot ec ti ve p la ce s fo r fis he rm en a nd o th er st ak eh ol de rs Im pr ov ed co nd it io ns in fis hi ng c en tr es 3300 ..00 0000 H ig h Fi sh in g Co m m un it ie s; M un ic ip al it i es /L oc al G ov er nm en ts M IM A IP M IM A IP / ID EP A , IP IN IP , I P Co m pl ex R eq ui re s fe as ib ili ty st ud ie s Sh el te r s it es a nd di se m ba rk at io n si te s es ta bl is he d. N o. o f n ew m ar ke ts a nd fis hi ng c en tr es bu ilt o r im pr ov ed R ep or ts pr od uc ed b y th e tu te la ge 20 24 2 03 4 AA qquu aacc uu ll ttuu rree gg)) PP rroo mm oott ee tthh ee aavv aaii llaa bbii lliitt yy aann dd aacc ccee ssss iibb iillii ttyy ooff mm aatt eerr iiaa ll aann dd ffii nn aann ccii aall rree ssoo uu rrcc eess iinn aarr eeaa ss ww iitt hh hh iigg hh aaqq uu aacc uu lltt uu rree ppoo ttee nn ttii aall aa nn dd iinn tthh ee qquu aall iiff iicc aatt iioo nn ooff tthh ee vvaa lluu ee cchh aaii nn ffoo rr ffii sshh eerr iiee ss aann dd aaqq uu aacc uu lltt uu rree iii ) S up po rt th e in st al la ti on o r co ns ol id at io n of in du st ri al an d sm al l sc al e aq ua cu lt ur e es ta bl is hm en ts fo r s ca le pr od uc ti on Si gn ifi ca nt in cr ea se in th e nu m be r o f pr oj ec ts w it h pr iv at e in ve st m en t A dm in is tr at iv e pr oc ed ur es fo r ob ta in in g lic en ce s to im pl em en t si m pl ifi ed aq ua cu lt ur e pr oj ec ts 4455 ..00 0000 H ig h A qu ac ul tu r e In du st ry : A qu ac ul tu r e Co m m un it ie s; A qu ac ul tu r e A ss oc ia ti on s M IM A IP M IM A IP / ID EP A , IP ; P ro A Zu l, FP M CT ES , A ca de m ia Co m pl ex R eq ui re s in ve st m en t in re se ar ch an d ge ne ti c im pr ov em e nt N o. o f aq ua cu lt ur e co m pa ni es w it h en vi ro nm en ta l an d su st ai na bi lit y ce rt ifi ca ti on N o. o f j ob s cr ea te d in th e aq ua cu lt ur e se ct or R ep or ts o n na ti on al fi sh pr od uc ti on (a qu ac ul tu re ) 20 24 2 03 2 P ro m ot e ac ti on s to at tr ac t p ri va te in ve st m en t i nv ol vi ng co m m un it ie s, c om pa ni es Si gn ifi ca nt in cr ea se in th e nu m be r o f pr oj ec ts w it h 33.. 0000 00 Im m ed ia te ly A qu ac ul tu r e In du st ry : A qu ac ul tu r e M IM A IP M IM A IP / ID EP A ,IP ; P ro A zu l, FP Co m pl ex R eq ui re s in ve st m en t in re se ar ch N o. o f en te rp ri se s th at ha ve u se d cr ed it lin es R ep or ts o n cr ed it li ne s fo r th e se ct or 20 24 2 03 4 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)70 | 8 PP 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 M T)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (b eg in ni ng an d en d) pprr oodd uu cctt ss.. an d re se ar ch re la te d to su st ai na bl e aq ua cu lt ur e pr od uc ti on , p ar ti cu la rl y of na ti ve s pe ci es , a nd fo od sa fe ty pr iv at e in ve st m en t Si gn ifi ca nt in cr ea se in th e cr ed it p or tf ol io to fi na nc e aq ua cu lt ur e ac ti vi ty Co m m un it ie s; A qu ac ul tu r e A ss oc ia ti on s an d ge ne ti c im pr ov em e nt Cr ea te s pe ci fic c re di t l in es fo r t he c ul ti va ti on o f sp ec ie s w it h hi gh co m m er ci al v al ue fo r ex po rt P ro je ct s ai m ed at s pe ci es w it h hi gh co m m er ci al va lu e an d ex po rt p ot en ti al cr ea te d 31 8. 50 0 Im m ed ia te ly A qu ac ul tu r e in du st ry M IM A IP M IM A IP / IN IP , I P M EF , M CT ES Co m pl ex R eq ui re s in ve st m en t in re se ar ch an d ge ne ti c im pr ov em e nt N o. o f aq ua cu lt ur e pr oj ec ts fo r sp ec ie s w it h hi gh m ar ke t va lu e an d ex po rt po te nt ia l P ub lic at io n in B .R . St at is ti ca l a nd ev al ua ti on re po rt s 20 24 2 03 4 In tr od uc e/ re gu la te th e co m pe te nc e an d ac ti vi ty of c er ti fic at io n in p ub lic in st it ut es fo r n at io na lly pr od uc ed fe ed a nd fr y Si gn ifi ca nt ly in cr ea se d na ti on al av ai la bi lit y of ce rt ifi ed q ua lit y fe ed a nd fr y 1100 ..00 0000 Im m ed ia te ly A qu ac ul tu r e in du st ry ; P ri va te se ct or ; M IM A IP In O M ; A Q U A Si m pl e A va ila bi lit y of ce rt ifi ed fr y an d fe ed o n th e m ar ke t R eg ul at io ns pu bl is he d in B R 20 24 2 03 4 PP IILL LLAA RR 22 :: RR EENN EEWW AA BB LLEE EE NN EERR GG IIEE SS AA NN DD MM AA RR IINN EE EEXX TT RR AA CC TT IIVV EE IINN DD UU SS TT RR YY PP 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) RR eenn eeww aabb llee aa)) PP rroo mm oott iinn gg aann iv ) T o im pr ov e P os si bl e 55 2. 50 0 M ed iu m Lo ca l M IM A IP M EF , M TA , Co m pl ex : P ub lic at io n of W or ks ho p 20 24 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 71 | 9 PP 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) eenn eerr ggii eess aann dd eexx ttrr aacc ttii vvee iinn dduu sstt rryy iinn ccll uu ssii vvee eecc oonn oomm yy tthh rroo uu gghh tthh ee ccoo nn ttrr iibb uu ttii oonn oo ff tthh ee mm aarr iinn ee eexx ttrr aacc ttii vvee iinn dduu sstt rryy ss eecc ttoo rr ttoo tthh ee ddee vvee lloo ppmm eenn tt oo ff bbll uu ee rree nn eeww aabb llee eenn eerr ggyy pp rroo jjee cctt ss,, eenn ssuu rrii nn gg ssuu pppp llyy ttoo mm oorr ee rree mm oott ee aarr eeaa ss ooff tthh ee ccoo uu nn ttrr yy aann dd ccoo nn ttrr iibb uu ttii nn gg ttoo tthh ee ddee ccaa rrbb oonn iiss aatt iioo nn ooff tthh ee eecc oonn oomm yy.. th e liv in g co nd it io ns o f lo ca l co m m un it ie s by st re ng th en in g pu bl ic p ri va te pa rt ne rs hi ps , tr ai ni ng lo ca l te ch ni ca l s ta ff , cr ea ti ng jo bs a nd co nt ra ct in g in it ia ti ve s an d ch an ne lli ng in co m e an d be ne fit s ar is in g fr om s oc ia l a nd co rp or at e re sp on si bi lit y. sy ne rg ie s be tw ee n ac to rs , en ti ti es a nd co m pa ni es in vo lv ed in th e oc ea n ex tr ac ti ve in du st ri es id en ti fie d th ro ug h w or ks ho ps pr om ot ed b y th e St at e D ev el op m en t pl an s w it h so m e co m m on al ig nm en ts , em ph as is in g sy ne rg ie s, dr aw n up a nd im pl em en te d on th e gr ou nd Id en ti fie d th e fin an ci al re so ur ce s of oc ea n in du st ri es to b e al lo ca te d to de ve lo pm en t ac ti on s an d ac ce ss to to H ig h co m m un it ie s; yo un g pe op le ; co m pa ni es M IR EM E, M TC im pl ie s kn ow le dg e ac qu is it io n an d av ai la bi lit y of co m pa ni es w or ks ho p m in ut es N o. o f d ev el op m en t pl an s dr aw n up N o. o f a ct io ns fu nd ed an d va lu e of fu nd in g pr oc ee di ng s D ev el op m en t pl an s dr aw n up A ct io n pl an s 20 34 | 8 PP 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 M T)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (b eg in ni ng an d en d) pprr oodd uu cctt ss.. an d re se ar ch re la te d to su st ai na bl e aq ua cu lt ur e pr od uc ti on , p ar ti cu la rl y of na ti ve s pe ci es , a nd fo od sa fe ty pr iv at e in ve st m en t Si gn ifi ca nt in cr ea se in th e cr ed it p or tf ol io to fi na nc e aq ua cu lt ur e ac ti vi ty Co m m un it ie s; A qu ac ul tu r e A ss oc ia ti on s an d ge ne ti c im pr ov em e nt Cr ea te s pe ci fic c re di t l in es fo r t he c ul ti va ti on o f sp ec ie s w it h hi gh co m m er ci al v al ue fo r ex po rt P ro je ct s ai m ed at s pe ci es w it h hi gh co m m er ci al va lu e an d ex po rt p ot en ti al cr ea te d 31 8. 50 0 Im m ed ia te ly A qu ac ul tu r e in du st ry M IM A IP M IM A IP / IN IP , I P M EF , M CT ES Co m pl ex R eq ui re s in ve st m en t in re se ar ch an d ge ne ti c im pr ov em e nt N o. o f aq ua cu lt ur e pr oj ec ts fo r sp ec ie s w it h hi gh m ar ke t va lu e an d ex po rt po te nt ia l P ub lic at io n in B .R . St at is ti ca l a nd ev al ua ti on re po rt s 20 24 2 03 4 In tr od uc e/ re gu la te th e co m pe te nc e an d ac ti vi ty of c er ti fic at io n in p ub lic in st it ut es fo r n at io na lly pr od uc ed fe ed a nd fr y Si gn ifi ca nt ly in cr ea se d na ti on al av ai la bi lit y of ce rt ifi ed q ua lit y fe ed a nd fr y 1100 ..00 0000 Im m ed ia te ly A qu ac ul tu r e in du st ry ; P ri va te se ct or ; M IM A IP In O M ; A Q U A Si m pl e A va ila bi lit y of ce rt ifi ed fr y an d fe ed o n th e m ar ke t R eg ul at io ns pu bl is he d in B R 20 24 2 03 4 PP IILL LLAA RR 22 :: RR EENN EEWW AA BB LLEE EE NN EERR GG IIEE SS AA NN DD MM AA RR IINN EE EEXX TT RR AA CC TT IIVV EE IINN DD UU SS TT RR YY PP 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) RR eenn eeww aabb llee aa)) PP rroo mm oott iinn gg aann iv ) T o im pr ov e P os si bl e 55 2. 50 0 M ed iu m Lo ca l M IM A IP M EF , M TA , Co m pl ex : P ub lic at io n of W or ks ho p 20 24 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)72 | 10 PP 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) en er gy re so ur ce s in co as ta l d is tr ic ts an d m or e re m ot e ar ea s of th e co un tr y RR eenn eeww aabb llee eenn eerr ggii eess bb)) SS uu pppp oorr ttii nn gg rree ssee aarr cchh iinn iitt iiaa ttii vvee ss aann dd ffee aass iibb iillii ttyy aann aall yyss eess ,, aa nn dd pprr oovv iidd iinn gg iinn vvee sstt mm eenn tt iinn ccee nn ttii vvee ss ffoo rr tthh ee iinn ttrr oodd uu cctt iioo nn ooff rree nn eeww aabb llee eenn eerr ggyy ss oouu rrcc eess uu ssii nn gg nn aatt uu rraa ll rree ssoo uu rrcc eess ((rr iivv eerr ss,, ffll aatt ww aatt eerr ,, ww iinn dd,, ww aavv eess ,, ss uu nn ,, ee ttcc ..)) iinn rree ggii oonn ss ww iitt hh ffaa vvoo uu rraa bbll ee nn aatt uu rraa ll ccoo nn ddii ttii oonn ss.. i) Su pp or t t he im pl em en ta ti on of p ilo t p ro je ct s fo r t he pr od uc ti on o f bl ue re ne w ab le en er gi es (w in d, so la r, w av e) , se ek in g to de ve lo p th e as so ci at ed te ch no lo gy a nd im pr ov e th ei r at tr ac ti ve ne ss co m pa re d to ot he r r en ew ab le so ur ce s P la tf or m cr ea te d to de ep en kn ow le dg e of te ch no lo gy as so ci at ed w it h th e ex pl oi ta ti on of b lu e re ne w ab le en er gi es Co m pl em en ta ry st ud ie s (in cl ud in g be nc hm ar ki ng ) to im pr ov e te ch no lo gi es s o th at th ey a re co st e ff ec ti ve an d ha ve fe w er im pa ct s, a nd re la te d to th e co m bi ne d us e of ot he r re ne w ab le 9. 23 0 H ig h Co m pa ni es as so ci at ed w it h re ne w ab le en er gi es M IR EM E M IR EM E, FU N A E Co m pl ex : im pl ie s av ai la bi lit y of co m pa ni es a nd ac qu is it io n of kn ow le dg e N o. o f p ilo t p ro je ct s pu t i nt o pr ac ti ce . N o. o f p ro je ct s in vo lv in g m or e th an on e re ne w ab le s ou rc e M IR EM E A nn ua l R ep or ts 20 24 20 25 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 73 | 11 PP 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) so ur ce s EExx ttrr aacc ttii vvee iinn dduu sstt rryy cc)) PP rroo mm oott ee tthh ee ccaa ppaa ccii ttyy bbuu iilldd iinn gg aann dd iinn vvoo llvv eemm eenn tt oo ff tthh ee nn aatt iioo nn aall pprr iivv aatt ee ssee cctt oorr iinn tthh ee ccoo aass ttaa ll aa nn dd mm aarr iinn ee eexx ttrr aacc ttii vvee iinn dduu sstt rryy ((mm iinn eerr aall ss aann dd hh yydd rroo ccaa rrbb oonn ss)) ,, rree dduu ccii nn gg ttee cchh nn iicc aall aa nn dd ffii nn aann ccii aall ddee ppee nn ddee nn ccee oo nn ffoo rree iigg nn pp rrii vvaa ttee iinn vvee sstt mm eenn tt.. P ro m ot in g ge ol og ic al a nd ge op hy si ca l kn ow le dg e of th e co as ta l z on e an d m ar it im e sp ac e an d th e im po rt an ce o f th e ge ol og ic al ca da st re fo r id en ti fy in g ar ea s of e co no m ic in te re st M in in g re gi st er re le as ed Se cu ri ti sa ti on m ad e ea sy 95 5. 11 0 H ig h M in in g co m pa ni es M IR EM E M IR EM E/ IN A M I R el at iv el y si m pl e V al ue o f F or ei gn D ir ec t I nv es tm en t (F D I) in th e se ct or N o. o f n ew m in in g ti tl es in th e co as ta l zo ne P ub lic a nd u p to d at e m in in g ca da st re R ep or ts o n th e se ar ch fo r m in in g ti tl es in th e co as ta l zo ne 20 24 20 27 In ve st in g in th e tr ai ni ng a nd ad eq ua te re m un er at io n of lo ca l t ec hn ic al st af f, qu al ify in g te ch ni ca l re so ur ce s fo r na ti on al te ch ni ca l st ru ct ur es In te rn sh ip s an d tr ai ni ng in co m pa ni es in th e se ct or av ai la bl e to na ti on al ex ec ut iv es N at io na l ex ec ut iv es tr ai ne d an d in co rp or at ed in to th e na ti on al p ri va te se ct or H ig h Lo ca l co m m un it ie s; yo un g pe op le ; m in in g an d hy dr oc ar bo n pr od uc ti on co m pa ni es M IR EM E M IR EM E, A ca de m ia , M EC , M CT ES Co m pl ex : in vo lv es re vi ew in g tr ai ni ng pr og ra m m es an d lia is in g w it h in te re st ed co m pa ni es N o. o f s tu de nt s at te nd in g/ gr ad ua ti ng fr om n ew c ou rs es N o. o f s tu de nt s do in g in te rn sh ip s an d jo in in g co m pa ni es in th e se ct or R ep or ts o n ne w ca pa ci ty bu ild in g ac ti vi ti es In te rn sh ip re po rt s 20 24 20 26 EExx ttrr aacc ttii vvee iinn dduu sstt rryy dd)) MM iinn iimm iiss iinn gg tthh ee eenn vvii rroo nn mm eenn ttaa ll ii) Id en ti fy en te rp ri se s co m m it te d to B en ch m ar ki ng ac ti on s 87 .7 50 H ig h G en er al po pu la ti on ; M IR EM E M IR EM E/ IN P , M IM A IP , M TA , Co m pl ex : in vo lv es Ex pl ic it re fe re nc e to CO 2 se qu es tr at io n in Fe as ib ili ty st ud ie s 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)74 | 12 PP 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) ((cc ooaa sstt aall ee rroo ssii oonn ,, ppoo lllluu ttii oonn ,, ddee sstt rruu cctt iioo nn oo ff pprr oott eecc ttee dd sspp eecc iiee ss aann dd hh aabb iitt aatt ss)) ,, ss oocc iiaa ll ((rr eess eett ttll eemm eenn tt aann dd ddee sstt rruu cctt iioo nn ooff rree ssoo uu rrcc eess )) aann dd ccuu lltt uu rraa ll ((aa rrcc hh aaee ooll oogg iicc aall hh eerr iitt aagg ee,, iinn ccll uu ddii nn gg uu nn ddee rrww aatt eerr )) iimm ppaa cctt ss aann dd ccoo nn ffll iicc ttss aass ssoo ccii aatt eedd ww iitt hh rree nn eeww aabb llee eenn eerr ggyy pprr oodd uu cctt iioo nn ,, ccoo aass ttaa ll aa nn dd mm aarr iinn ee eexx ttrr aacc ttii oonn aa nn dd hh yydd rroo ccaa rrbb oonn eexx ppll oorr aatt iioo nn re du ci ng m et ha ne em is si on s an d CO 2 se qu es tr at io n (in th e hy dr oc ar bo n in du st ry ) a nd en su re th ei r tr an sp ar en t m on it or in g by th e go ve rn m en t an d ci vi l s oc ie ty . de ve lo pe d an d go od p ra ct ic e m an ua l pr ep ar ed fo r t he in cl us io n of C O 2 se qu es tr at io n pr oj ec ts in cu rr en t a nd fu tu re co nc es si on s B y 20 25 , 5 0 pe r ce nt o f e xi st in g co nc es si on co nt ra ct s ha ve de ve lo pe d th e ne ce ss ar y st ud ie s to pr om ot e th e re du ct io n of m et ha ne em is si on s an d CO 2 se qu es tr at io n Fr om 2 02 5 al l ne w c on tr ac ts in cl ud e a co m m it m en t t o ca rr y ou t te ch ni ca lly a nd ec on om ic al ly vi ab le C O 2 hy dr oc ar bo n pr od uc ti on co m pa ni es A ca de m ia ac qu ir in g kn ow le dg e, as se ss in g im pa ct s an d co m pl ic at ed im pl em en ta ti on in a n un fa vo ur ab le en vi ro nm en t pr od uc ti on c on tr ac ts an d ga s fie ld de ve lo pm en t p la ns Im pl em en ta ti on pr oj ec ts in cl ud ed in P ro du ct io n Co nt ra ct s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 75 | 13 PP 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) se qu es tr at io n pr oj ec ts . iii ) R ed uc e th e im pa ct s re su lt in g fr om th e ex tr ac ti on o f m in er al re so ur ce s an d hy dr oc ar bo ns in th e co as ta l s pa ce an d in th e in te ra ct io n w it h ot he r a ct iv it ie s, in p ar ti cu la r th os e of a lo ca l na tu re (f is he ri es an d to ur is m ). D et ai le d re se tt le m en t pl an s ha ve b ee n dr aw n up to gu ar an te e th e so ci o ec on om ic w el l be in g of co m m un it ie s af fe ct ed b y ex tr ac ti on ac ti vi ti es P ro m ot ed p ro en vi ro nm en ta l an d so ci o en vi ro nm en ta l in it ia ti ve s in vo lv in g th e af fe ct ed co m m un it ie s Im pa ct s on co as ta l s pa ce as se ss ed a nd qu an ti fie d an d th e ca pa ci ty to m in im is e an d m an ag e th es e im pa ct s ac qu ir ed 27 6. 25 0 H ig h an d M ed iu m Lo ca l co m m un it ie s, pa rt ic ul ar ly fis hi ng co m m un it ie s; m in in g an d hy dr oc ar bo n pr od uc ti on co m pa ni es , to ur is m co m pa ni es M IR EM E M IR EM E/ IN P , M TA , M IM A IP , A ca de m ia , Co as ta l D is tr ic ts a nd M un ic ip al it ie s, N G O s Co m pl ex : im pl ie s th e in vo lv em en t o f af fe ct ed co m m un it ie s an d co m pa ni es , as w el l a s di ff ic ul ti es in re al is at io n So ci o ec on om ic in di ca to rs in re se tt le m en t a re as v s na ti ve a re as N o. o f P et ro le um O pe ra ti on s an d EI A P ro ce ss R eg ul at io ns up da te d In cl us io n of im pa ct an d co m pa ti bi lit y st ud ie s (w it h ot he r ac ti vi ti es ) i n re se ar ch an d pr od uc ti on co nt ra ct s EI A re po rt s P ub lic di sc us si on a nd te ch ni ca l as se ss m en t o f th e m on it or in g an d up da ti ng o f th e R eg ul at io ns 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)76 | 14 PP 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) R es ea rc h an d pr od uc ti on ac ti vi ti es m ad e as c om pa ti bl e as p os si bl e w it h ot he r a ct iv it ie s (f is hi ng a nd to ur is m ) PP IILL LLAA RR 33 :: NN AA TT UU RR AA LL CC AA PP IITT AA LL,, EE NN VV IIRR OO NN MM EENN TT AA NN DD CC IIRR CC UU LLAA RR EE CC OO NN OO MM YY PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) BB iioo ddii vvee rrss iitt yy ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt iioo nn aa)) IImm pprr oovv ee tthh ee ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt iioo nn sstt aatt uu ss ooff nn aatt uu rraa ll ccaa ppii ttaa ll ss oo tthh aatt iitt ccoo nn ttii nn uu eess ttoo pprr oovv iidd ee tthh ee rree llee vvaa nn tt eecc ooss yyss ttee mm ggoo oodd ss aann dd ssee rrvv iicc eess D ev el op ac ti on s th at co nt ri bu te to im pr ov in g th e st at e of co ns er va ti on of n at ur al ca pi ta l, w hi le at th e sa m e ti m e he lp in g to im pr ov e th e qu al it y of lif e of lo ca l co m m un it ie s, bo os ti ng In it ia ti ve s to re ha bi lit at e an d re st or e de gr ad ed h ab it at s (m an gr ov e fo re st s, c or al re ef s, se ag ra ss m ea do w s an d du ne s) . En co ur ag in g th e de ve lo pm en t o f ac ti vi ti es w it h a lo w e nv ir on m en ta l im pa ct w it hi n co ns er va ti on a re as an d th e cr ea ti on o f c om pa ni es a nd jo bs in a rt is an al fi sh in g w it h su st ai na bl e ge ar , e co to ur is m a nd na tu re to ur is m , a gr ic ul tu re a nd en vi ro nm en ta lly fr ie nd ly a nd so ci al ly ju st tr ad e ne tw or ks , w ho se su st ai na bi lit y ce rt ifi ca ti on c re at es 87 7. 50 0 H ig h Lo ca l co m m un it ie s, co as ta l co m m un it ie s / ar ti sa na l fis he rm en , to ur is m pr om ot er s, co ns er va ti on ar ea s M TA M TA /A N A C , M IM A IP , M IC U LT U R , M G CA S, M IC , M A D ER , P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt a ti ve B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , L oc al A ut ho ri ti es , Co m pl ex : in vo lv es lia is on be tw ee n co m m un it ie s an d po te nt ia l co m pa ni es a nd th e in vo lv em en t o f lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s, as w el l a s di ff ic ul ti es in ce rt ify in g ag ri A re a of na tu ra l ha bi ta ts re st or ed N o. o f su st ai na bl e bu si ne ss es an d jo bs cr ea te d N o. o f ce rt ifi ca te s is su ed H ou se ho ld in co m e pe r R ep or ts o n re ha bi lit at io n an d re st or at io n pr og ra m m es an d ac ti vi ti es St at is ti ca l d at a Su st ai na bi lit y ce rt ifi ca te s R ep or ts o n th e so ci o ec on om ic im pa ct o f e ac h co ns er va ti on ar ea o n th e lo ca l co m m un it y 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 77 | 16 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) le ve ls ), to to ur is m a nd to c oa st al re si lie nc e cc)) EE nn ssuu rree ffuu nn ddii nn gg ttoo iimm pprr oovv ee tthh ee mm aann aagg eemm eenn tt ,, mm oonn iitt oorr iinn gg aann dd eeff ffee cctt iivv eenn eess ss ooff mm aarr iinn ee ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt iioo nn aarr eeaa ss aann dd oott hh eerr ssee nn ssii ttii vvee eecc ooss yyss ttee mm ss.. ii) E xp an d an d st re ng th en th e ne tw or k of m ar in e co ns er va ti on ar ea s, w it h th e su pp or t o f N G O s an d em er gi ng in du st ri es a t se a, re in fo rc in g en fo rc em en t in a re as w it h hi gh er le ve ls of p ro te ct io n an d in vo lv in g co as ta l co m m un it ie s an d lo ca l pu bl ic pa rt ic ip at io n M ar in e an d co as ta l ( an d in la nd ) ha bi ta ts a nd s pe ci es s tu di ed a nd m ap pe d an d ex is ti ng in fo rm at io n im pr ov ed N ew c on se rv at io n ar ea s de di ca te d to th e m ar in e en vi ro nm en t c re at ed an d th e lim it s of c on se rv at io n ar ea s w it h a m ar in e co m po ne nt ex pa nd ed : 3 0 pe r c en t o f t he na ti on al m ar in e ar ea u nd er pr ot ec ti on In cr ea se d en fo rc em en t a ct io ns in to ta l p ro te ct io n zo ne s in si de C A s Ill eg al a ct iv it ie s w it hi n pr ot ec te d ar ea s si gn ifi ca nt ly re du ce d D is cu ss io n fo ru m s an d pa rt ic ip at or y m ee ti ng s cr ea te d du ri ng th e pr oc es s of c re at in g ne w CA s or e nl ar gi ng e xi st in g ar ea s 65 0. 00 0 H ig h Co ns er va ti on ar ea s, pa rt ne rs , ac ad em ia , N G O s, lo ca l co m m un it ie s M TA M IM A IP , M IN T, P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt a ti ve B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , L oc al A ut ho ri ti es , A ca de m ia , N G O s Co m pl ex : in vo lv es ca rr yi ng o ut st ud ie s an d lia is in g w it h lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s an d co m m un it ie s A re a of m ap pe d ha bi ta ts % o f m ar in e ar ea u nd er pr ot ec ti on N o. o f in sp ec to rs , in sp ec ti on s an d ad m in is tr at iv e of fe nc es N o. o f pa rt ic ip at in g or ga ni sa ti o ns U pd at ed in fo rm at io n in th e W or ld D at ab as e of Co ns er va ti on A re as (W D P A ) Co ns er va ti on ar ea a ct iv it y re po rt s P ar ti ci pa to ry P ro ce ss R ep or ts / Zo ni ng a nd R eg ul at io n P ro po sa ls 20 24 20 30 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)78 | 16 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) le ve ls ), to to ur is m a nd to c oa st al re si lie nc e cc)) EE nn ssuu rree ffuu nn ddii nn gg ttoo iimm pprr oovv ee tthh ee mm aann aagg eemm eenn tt ,, mm oonn iitt oorr iinn gg aann dd eeff ffee cctt iivv eenn eess ss ooff mm aarr iinn ee ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt iioo nn aarr eeaa ss aann dd oott hh eerr ssee nn ssii ttii vvee eecc ooss yyss ttee mm ss.. ii) E xp an d an d st re ng th en th e ne tw or k of m ar in e co ns er va ti on ar ea s, w it h th e su pp or t o f N G O s an d em er gi ng in du st ri es a t se a, re in fo rc in g en fo rc em en t in a re as w it h hi gh er le ve ls of p ro te ct io n an d in vo lv in g co as ta l co m m un it ie s an d lo ca l pu bl ic pa rt ic ip at io n M ar in e an d co as ta l ( an d in la nd ) ha bi ta ts a nd s pe ci es s tu di ed a nd m ap pe d an d ex is ti ng in fo rm at io n im pr ov ed N ew c on se rv at io n ar ea s de di ca te d to th e m ar in e en vi ro nm en t c re at ed an d th e lim it s of c on se rv at io n ar ea s w it h a m ar in e co m po ne nt ex pa nd ed : 3 0 pe r c en t o f t he na ti on al m ar in e ar ea u nd er pr ot ec ti on In cr ea se d en fo rc em en t a ct io ns in to ta l p ro te ct io n zo ne s in si de C A s Ill eg al a ct iv it ie s w it hi n pr ot ec te d ar ea s si gn ifi ca nt ly re du ce d D is cu ss io n fo ru m s an d pa rt ic ip at or y m ee ti ng s cr ea te d du ri ng th e pr oc es s of c re at in g ne w CA s or e nl ar gi ng e xi st in g ar ea s 65 0. 00 0 H ig h Co ns er va ti on ar ea s, pa rt ne rs , ac ad em ia , N G O s, lo ca l co m m un it ie s M TA M IM A IP , M IN T, P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt a ti ve B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , L oc al A ut ho ri ti es , A ca de m ia , N G O s Co m pl ex : in vo lv es ca rr yi ng o ut st ud ie s an d lia is in g w it h lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s an d co m m un it ie s A re a of m ap pe d ha bi ta ts % o f m ar in e ar ea u nd er pr ot ec ti on N o. o f in sp ec to rs , in sp ec ti on s an d ad m in is tr at iv e of fe nc es N o. o f pa rt ic ip at in g or ga ni sa ti o ns U pd at ed in fo rm at io n in th e W or ld D at ab as e of Co ns er va ti on A re as (W D P A ) Co ns er va ti on ar ea a ct iv it y re po rt s P ar ti ci pa to ry P ro ce ss R ep or ts / Zo ni ng a nd R eg ul at io n P ro po sa ls 20 24 20 30 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 79 | 17 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) in th e de ci si on m ak in g pr oc es s. iii ) I de nt ify an d op er at io na lis e ap pr op ri at e ta x in ce nt iv e pa ck ag es fo r th e co ns er va ti on of n at ur al ca pi ta l, in cl ud in g th os e th at en co ur ag e pr iv at e pa rt ic ip at io n in th e m an ag em en t of D ev el op fi sc al p ol ic ie s th at en co ur ag e pr iv at e pa rt ic ip at io n in th e m an ag em en t o f c on se rv at io n ar ea s, s ig ni fic an tl y in cr ea si ng th os e w it h pu bl ic p ri va te p ar tn er sh ip m an ag em en t. 45 5. 00 0 H ig h Lo ca l co m m un it ie s, co ns er va ti on ar ea s, in te rn at io na l pa rt ne rs a nd do no rs , N G O s M TA M IC , M EF , P ri va te Se ct or , D on or s R el at iv el y si m pl e: th er e ar e si m ila r pr oc es se s un de rw ay N o. o f co ns er va ti o n ar ea s m an ag ed in pu bl ic pr iv at e pa rt ne rs hi p IN E/ A N A C da ta ba se s? 20 24 20 30 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)80 | 18 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) co ns er va ti on ar ea s. dd)) IImm pprr oovv ee iinn ttee rrss eecc ttoo rraa ll ccoo oorr ddii nn aatt iioo nn ooff mm aajj oorr iinn vvee sstt mm eenn ttss ,, ppaa rrtt iicc uu llaa rrll yy tthh ooss ee rree llaa ttee dd ttoo mm iinn eerr aall eexx ttrr aacc ttii oonn ,, hh yydd rroo ccaa rrbb oonn pprr oodd uu cctt iioo nn aann dd rree nn eeww aabb llee eenn eerr ggii eess ,, aa ss ww eell ll aa ss uu rrbb aann iiss aatt iioo nn aann dd ttoo uu rrii ssmm ,, aall oonn gg tthh ee ccoo aass ttll iinn ee,, mm aarr iitt iimm ee sspp aacc ee aann dd iinn llaa nn dd ww aatt eerr ss,, aa nn dd ppaa rrtt iicc uu llaa rrll yy iinn aa rree aass oo ff ggrr eeaa ttee rr ssee nn ssii ttii vvii ttyy ttoo ccoo aass ttaa ll iv ) C re at e a sp ec ifi c re gu la ti on o f go od p ra ct ic e fo r a ct iv it ie s us in g co as ta l, m ar it im e an d in la nd w at er ar ea s, pa rt ic ul ar ly th os e in vo lv in g in te ra ct io n w it h w ild lif e (w ild lif e w at ch in g) an d th e ex tr ac ti on o f re so ur ce s. A s pe ci fic re gu la ti on o n go od pr ac ti ce s fo r t he c on se rv at io n an d pr ot ec ti on o f b io lo gi ca l r es ou rc es ha s be en c re at ed fo r a ct iv it ie s us in g m ar it im e sp ac e, p ar ti cu la rl y th os e in vo lv in g in te ra ct io n w it h w ild lif e (w ild lif e w at ch in g) a nd th e ex tr ac ti on o f r es ou rc es . Co de s of g oo d en vi ro nm en ta l pr ac ti ce d ef in ed a nd p la ns d ra w n up an d im pl em en te d to re gu la rl y m on it or th e im pa ct o f t he ex tr ac ti ve in du st ry o n th e m ar in e an d co as ta l e nv ir on m en t, m in im is in g th is im pa ct Th e lic en si ng p ro ce ss es fo r t ou ri st de ve lo pm en ts in cl ud e cl ea r a nd ex pl ic it ru le s, in li ne w it h co ns er va ti on la w s an d re gu la ti on s, w hi ch o bl ig e in ve st or s an d m an ag er s to c om pl y w it h ru le s ai m ed a t p ro te ct in g an d co ns er vi ng th e na tu ra l h er it ag e in th e in ve st m en t a re a, s ti pu la ti ng th e ap pl ic ab le s an ct io ns / th es e ru le s w ill b e in cl ud ed in th e sp ec ifi ca ti on s th at g ra nt D U A Ts o r S pe ci al Li ce nc es . 65 0. 00 0 H ig h Lo ca l / fi sh in g co m m un it ie s, to ur is m op er at or s, in du st ry , ac ad em ia , N G O s, to ur is m pr om ot er s, lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s, ce rt ifi ca ti on bo di es M TA M IR EM E, M IM A IP , M IC U LT U R , M IC , pr ov in ci al st at e re pr es en ta t iv e bo di es , di st ri ct go ve rn m en ts , l oc al au th or it ie s, ac ad em ia , pr iv at e pa rt ne rs , N G O s, do no rs Co m pl ex : in vo lv es de fin in g m et ho do lo gi es an d re so ur ce s to o pe ra te in th e m ar in e en vi ro nm en t; ce rt ifi ca ti on pr oc es se s ar e al w ay s ti m e co ns um in g Co de o f co nd uc t f or ac ti vi ti es in se ns it iv e ar ea s N o. o f co m pa ni es w it h en vi ro nm e nt al a nd su st ai na bi li ty ce rt ifi ca ti o n In cl us io n of st an da rd s fo r b ui ld in g an d ru nn in g to ur is m bu si ne ss es th at gu ar an te e th e pr ot ec ti on of n at ur al he ri ta ge in lic en ce s fo r En fo rc em en t ac ti on s Li ce ns in g pr oc ed ur es , in cl ud in g ru le s on re sp ec t f or th e pr ot ec ti on of n at ur al re so ur ce s 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 81 | 19 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) eerr ooss iioo nn oo rr tthh ee oocc ccuu rrrr eenn ccee ooff ss eenn ssii ttii vvee eecc ooss yyss ttee mm ss.. to ur is m ac ti vi ti es an d in ve st m en t s v) E ns ur e th at ti tl es fo r t he pr iv at e us e of m ar it im e sp ac e (T U P EM ) a nd ti tl es fo r t he ri gh t t o us e an d ex pl oi t la nd (D U A T) sa fe gu ar d th e ec os ys te m s an d bi od iv er si ty ex is ti ng in th e ar ea s co ve re d. Is su in g TU P EM a nd D U A T sa fe gu ar ds m ar in e an d te rr es tr ia l ec os ys te m s an d bi od iv er si ty 55 .2 50 Im m ed ia te ly A ca de m ia , N G O s, na ti on al a nd lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s M TA a nd M IM A IP M TA , M IM A IP , P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt a ti ve B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , L oc al A ut ho ri ti es , A ca de m ia , N G O s, C SO s Si m pl e In cl us io n of sa fe gu ar d ru le s in TU P EM a nd D U A T TU P EM a nd D U A T is su in g pr oc es se s 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)82 | 20 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) BB iioo eexx ppll oorr aatt ii oonn aa)) EE vvaa lluu aatt ee ggee nn eett iicc rree ssoo uu rrcc eess ccaa ppaa bbll ee ooff ccaa ttaa llyy ssii nn gg tthh ee bbii ooee ccoo nn oomm yy aann dd iinn vvee sstt iinn eess ttaa bbll iiss hh iinn gg bbii oopp rroo sspp eecc ttii nn gg pprr oogg rraa mm mm eess aatt uu nn iivv eerr ssii ttii eess aann dd sscc iiee nn ttii ffii cc rree ssee aarr cchh iinn sstt iitt uu ttee ss.. Es ta bl is h m ea su re s to id en ti fy a nd de fin e bi ob an ks a nd m ap g ap s in le gi sl at io n, kn ow le dg e (R & D ) a nd fin an ci al su pp or t, in or de r t o in cr ea se th e co un tr y' s at tr ac ti ve ne s s in th e ar ea of th e bi oe co no m y Cr ea ti on o f a p or ta l t ha t a gg re ga te s in fo rm at io n on b lu e bi or es ou rc es , ke y pl ay er s an d re se ar ch a nd te ch no lo gy s ys te m s, in o rd er to at tr ac t i nv es to rs a nd re se ar ch er s Fu nd in g sc he m es id en ti fie d fo r re se ar ch n et w or ks , e qu ip m en t a nd m od er ni sa ti on o f r es ea rc h ve ss el s fo r b io pr os pe ct in g P ub lic p ri va te p ar tn er sh ip s im pl em en te d to s ha re e qu ip m en t an d fa ci lit at e ac ce ss to bi op ro sp ec ti ng m is si on s Tr ai ni ng p ro gr am m es d ef in ed fo r sc ie nt is ts , e xe cu ti ve s an d pu bl ic bo di es to im pr ov e en tr ep re ne ur ia l, m an ag em en t a nd in no va ti on s ki lls in th e bi o ec on om ic in du st ry a nd te ch no lo gy 26 0. 00 0 20 24 20 27 bb)) EE nn ssuu rree tthh ee ffaa iirr aa nn dd eeqq uu iitt aabb llee sshh aarr iinn gg ooff bbee nn eeff iitt ss ffrr oomm tthh ee bbii ooee xx ppll ooii ttaa ttii oonn ss eecc ttoo rr,, bboo tthh ffoo rr sscc iiee nn ttii ffii cc Co ns ol id at e an d fa ci lit at e th e im pl em en ta ti on o f t he N ag oy a P ro to co l a nd th e na ti on al le gi sl at io n th at A m on it or in g an d su rv ei lla nc e ne tw or k ha s be en s et u p to e ns ur e th e so ve re ig nt y of re so ur ce s an d na tu ra l v al ue s on th e co nt in en ta l sh el f Si m pl e an d ef fic ie nt ru le s de fin ed fo r a cc es s to b lu e bi or es ou rc es Cr ea ti ng a re gu la to ry p ro ce ss th at al lo w s fo r t he e xp ed it io us pr ot ec ti on o f b lu e in te lle ct ua l 39 0. 00 0 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 83 | 21 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) rree ssee aarr cchh aa nn dd ffoo rr tt rraa iinn iinn gg hh uu mm aann rree ssoo uu rrcc eess aann dd gguu aarr aann ttee eeii nn gg tthh ee rrii gghh ttss oo ff ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss.. im pl em en ts it , na m el y by id en ti fy in g pr oc es se s fo r es ta bl is hi ng co un te rb al an ce s to s up po rt sc ie nt ifi c re se ar ch a nd co m m un it ie s. pr op er ty EEnn vvii rroo nn mm eenn ttaa ll aa nn dd ccii rrcc uu llaa rr eecc oonn oomm yy aa)) SS pprr eeaa ddii nn gg tthh ee ww oorr dd aann dd iinn vvee sstt iinn gg iinn aapp pprr ooaa cchh eess rree llaa ttee dd ttoo tthh ee ""bb lluu ee"" eenn vvii rroo nn mm eenn tt aall ee ccoo nn oomm yy aann dd ccii rrcc uu llaa rr eecc oonn oomm yy,, aa ss aa ww aayy oo ff ssii mm uu lltt aann eeoo uu ss llyy cc rree aatt iinn gg jjoo bbss aa nn dd iimm pprr oovv iinn gg tthh ee qquu aall iitt yy ooff tthh ee eenn vvii rroo nn mm eenn tt,, iinn ccoo nn jjuu nn cctt iioo nn vi ii) D ee pe n pa rt ne rs hi ps w it h SA D C co un tr ie s an d ot he r pa rt ne rs , a nd ca pi ta lis e on th e ra ti fic at io n of in te rn at io na l co nv en ti on s an d pr og ra m m es , to e st ab lis h ci rc ul ar ec on om y pr oj ec ts , im pr ov in g en vi ro nm en t al A gr ee m en t r ea ch ed to s ha re in fo rm at io n on w as te p ro du ct io n an d m an ag em en t i n th e Za m be zi , Sa ve , L im po po , I nc om at i a nd M ap ut o In te rn at io na l R iv er B as in s Es ta bl is he d co op er at io n pr ot oc ol s be tw ee n co m m un it ie s/ m un ic ip al it ie s/ en ti ti es in M oz am bi qu e an d co un te rp ar ts in n ei gh bo ur in g co un tr ie s M ee ti ng s ar e or ga ni se d to s ha re ex pe ri en ce s an d ob se rv e th e so lu ti on s ad op te d in s it u 8. 00 0 M O P H R H M TA , M IN EC , M un ic ip al it i es , Co m m un it i es , pa rt ne rs , N G O s, Co m pa ni es R at ifi ca ti on of ag re em en t s by th e pa rt ie s N o. o f pr ot oc ol s es ta bl is he d an d be in g im pl em en t ed In st it ut io na l in fo rm at io n R ec or ds o f t he or ga ni sa ti on re sp on si bl e 20 24 20 25 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)84 | 22 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) ww iitt hh nn eeii gghh bboo uu rrii nn gg ccoo uu nn ttrr iiee ss m an ag em en t, an d pa rt ic ul ar ly w as te m an ag em en t, w it h th e in vo lv em en t of lo ca l co m m un it ie s. bb)) RR eeii nn ffoo rrcc ee iinn vvee sstt mm eenn tt iinn iinn nn oovv aatt iioo nn ,, mm aann aagg eemm eenn tt aann dd uu ssee oo ff ww aass ttee ttrr eeaa ttmm eenn tt aann dd rree ccoo vvee rryy ttee cchh nn ooll oogg yy Es ta bl is hi ng po lic y an d re gu la to ry in st ru m en ts to d ev el op th e ec on om ic a nd so ci al va lo ri sa ti on of th e re cy cl in g an d re us e of s ol id w as te A P ol ic y to E nc ou ra ge Lo ca l/ Co m m un it y In vo lv em en t i n R eu se a nd R ec yc lin g is e st ab lis he d, ta ki ng in to a cc ou nt b us in es s m od el s an d en vi ro nm en t, pa rt ne rs hi ps (C om m un it ie s, M un ic ip al it ie s, N G O s an d ot he rs ), in ve st m en t f in an ci ng , t ra in in g, e tc . an d a N at io na l A ct io n P la n is pr ep ar ed to im pl em en t t hi s po lic y. Th e ne ce ss ar y le ga l a nd re gu la to ry in st ru m en ts h av e be en d ef in ed a nd pu bl is he d. 15 .0 00 M TA M IC , M EF , M IM A IP , M IC U LT U R , P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt a ti ve B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , L oc al A ut ho ri ti es , A ca de m ia , N G O s, C SO s P ub lic at io n of th e ne ce ss ar y po lit ic al , re gu la to ry an d pr og ra m m e in st ru m en t s. In fo rm at io n fr om th e or ga ni sa ti on re sp on si bl e 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 85 | 23 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) cc)) RR eedd uu ccii nn gg tthh ee pprr oodd uu cctt iioo nn aann dd iimm ppoo rrtt aann dd uu ssee oo ff ppll aass ttii ccss ,, iinn ccrr eeaa ssii nn gg tthh ee eexx ttee nn ddee dd rree sspp oonn ssii bbii lliitt yy ooff tthh ee iinn dduu sstt rrii aall aann dd ccoo mm mm eerr ccii aall ssee cctt oorr ss aann dd ssuu pppp oorr tt aa nn dd iinn ccee nn ttii vvee ss ffoo rr tt hh ee rree ccyy ccll iinn gg aann dd rree mm aann uu ffaa cctt uu rrii nn gg iinn dduu sstt rryy .. O pe ra ti on al is i ng th e ec on om ic a nd so ci al re co ve ry o f so lid w as te re cy cl in g an d re us e A n A ct io n P la n an d ex em pl ar y pi lo t pr oj ec ts h av e be en d ef in ed a nd im pl em en te d fo r t he in du st ri al a nd co m m er ci al s ec to rs in vo lv ed in re cy cl in g an d re m an uf ac tu ri ng . 26 0. 00 0 M EF M A D ER , M TA , M IC , P ri va te se ct or , S EJ E Lo ca l A ut ho ri ti es , P ri va te a nd B us in es s Se ct or , St at e re pr es en ta t iv e bo di es , P ro vi nc ia l, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , A ca de m ia , N G O s, C SO s N o. o f op er at io na l w as te re cy cl in g or re us e pr oj ec ts es ta bl is he d N o. o f in du st ri es in vo lv ed N o. o f di st ri ct s in vo lv ed N o. o f m un ic ip al it i es in vo lv ed Ec on om ic va lu e ge ne ra te d (n at io na l), % o f G D P Em pl oy m e nt ge ne ra te d (n at io na l). (v ar ia ti on ) Ce nt ra lis ed en ti ty re co rd s 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)86 | 24 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) CC ooaa sstt aall mm aann aagg eemm eenn tt aa)) SStt rree nn ggtt hh eenn nn aatt uu rree bbaa ssee dd mm eeaa ssuu rree ss ttoo pprr eevv eenn tt aa nn dd iinn ccrr eeaa ssee rree ssii lliiee nn ccee ttoo ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee ,, aa nn dd ttoo rree ccoo vvee rr ffrr oomm eexx ttrr eemm ee nn aatt uu rraa ll eevv eenn ttss aa nn dd mm aarr iitt iimm ee aacc ccii ddee nn ttss R ea lis in g an in te gr at ed de ve lo pm en t m od el fo r t he co as ta l z on e G ui de lin es a nd d ir ec ti ve s ha ve b ee n dr aw n up a nd a do pt ed fo r t he co ns tr uc ti on o f i nf ra st ru ct ur e an d eq ui pm en t o n th e co as tl in e, pa rt ic ul ar ly in s en si ti ve a re as , a nd to g ua ra nt ee th e sa fe gu ar di ng o f na tu ra l r es ou rc es a nd v al ue s, th e sa fe gu ar di ng o f c oa st al ri sk s an d th e sa fe gu ar di ng a nd m an ag em en t of th e m ar it im e pu bl ic d om ai n. 32 5. 00 0 Im m ed ia te ly A ca de m ia , N G O s, go ve rn m en t an d lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s M TA M IM A IP , M TA / A N A C, M IC U LT U R , D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , A ca de m ia , N G O s, D on or s R el at iv el y si m pl e: th er e ar e si m ila r ex am pl es G ui de lin es an d gu id es pr ep ar ed to re sp on d to th e va ri ou s th em es o f in te gr at ed de ve lo pm e nt R A & Q o f M IM A IP a nd M TA / A N A C 20 24 20 24 vi i) Id en ti fy an d ad op t fin an ci al m ec ha ni sm s fo r r is k tr an sf er a nd na tu ra l di sa st er s, in cl ud in g pa ra m et ri c in su ra nc e ag ai ns t cl im at e ri sk s Th e m os t a pp ro pr ia te a da pt at io n st ra te gi es (i nc lu di ng p la nn ed re tr ea t, pr ot ec ti on th ro ug h ar ti fic ia l no ur is hm en t o r l ig ht a nd h ea vy en gi ne er in g w or ks , o r ac co m m od at io n) a re e st ab lis he d on a ca se b y ca se b as is Es ta bl is hm en t o f a n op er at io na l a nd co nt in uo us m on it or in g m ec ha ni sm fo r t he c oa st al s tr ip , e ns ur in g an d sy st em at is in g da ta a nd in di ca to rs fo r d ia gn os in g th e st at e of th e co as ta l s tr ip , a s a to ol to s up po rt in te gr at ed , s us ta in ab le a nd re sp on si bl e co as ta l m an ag em en t, in cl ud in g th e m an ag em en t o f l an d us e an d oc cu pa ti on a nd s up po rt fo r de ci si on m ak in g (t hi s m ec ha ni sm sh ou ld a ls o su pp or t t he n ee d to re sp on d to c oa st al ri sk s, n am el y 39 0. 00 0 Im m ed ia te ly A ca de m ia , go ve rn m en t an d lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s, in te rn at io na l pa rt ne rs , N G O s M TA M IM A IP , M TA / A N A C, M IC U LT U R , Lo ca l A ut ho ri ti es , P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt a ti ve B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , A ca de m ia , N G O s, C SO s, D on or s Co m pl ex : in vo lv es di ve rs e an d ti m e co ns um in g st ud ie s, co m pl ex pr oj ec ts a nd th e sy st em at is at io n of in fo rm at io n N o. o f ad ap ta ti on st ra te gi es ad op te d N o. o f ac ti on s to m on it or th e us e of sp ac e on th e co as ta l st ri p R A & Q o f t he M TA a nd M IM A IP 20 24 20 24 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 87 | 25 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) th os e as so ci at ed w it h er os io n, s lo pe in st ab ili ty a nd ri sk s ar is in g fr om cl im at e ch an ge , n am el y th ro ug h th e es ta bl is hm en t o f p ar am et ri c in su ra nc e) Fi na nc ia l m ec ha ni sm s fo r tr an sf er ri ng ri sk s an d na tu ra l di sa st er s ad op te d bb)) PP rroo mm oott ee tthh ee ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt iioo nn aann dd rree sstt oorr aatt iioo nn oo ff ccoo aass ttaa ll eecc ooss yyss ttee mm ss ((mm aann ggrr oovv eess ,, ccoo rraa ll rr eeee ffss aann dd ssee aagg rraa ssss )) ccaa ppaa bbll ee ooff mm iinn iimm iiss iinn gg ccoo aass ttaa ll vi ) P ro m ot e th e in vo lv em en t of p ar tn er s an d lo ca l co m m un it ie s in re st or in g ec os ys te m s an d bu ild in g co as ta l in fr as tr uc tu re re si lie nt to na tu ra l ev en ts A ct io ns to p ro te ct , e xp an d an d re st or e de gr ad ed e co sy st em s (p la nt in g an d re pl an ti ng m an gr ov es an d, if p os si bl e, s ub m er ge d an d du ne v eg et at io n an d co ra l s pe ci es ). En vi ro nm en ta l a w ar en es s an d di ss em in at io n pr og ra m m es fo cu se d on th e su st ai na bl e us e, p ro te ct io n an d re ha bi lit at io n of m ar in e an d co as ta l e co sy st em s th at a re im po rt an t f or c oa st al re si lie nc e an d fo r m it ig at in g th e ef fe ct s of c lim at e ch an ge . 45 5. 00 0 Im m ed ia te ly Lo ca l co m m un it ie s, ac ad em ia , N G O s, pa rt ne rs M TA M TA / A N A C, M IM A IP , A ca de m ia , N G O s, do no rs Si m pl e: s im ila r pr oc es se s ar e al re ad y un de rw ay N o. o f aw ar en es s r ai si ng an d di ss em in at i on a ct io ns N o. o f pa rt ic ip an t s in aw ar en es s r ai si ng an d di ss em in at i M on it or in g re po rt o n m ar in e an d co as ta l ec os ys te m s R ep or ts o n en vi ro nm en ta l aw ar en es s pr og ra m m es 20 24 20 30 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)88 | 26 PP 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) eerr ooss iioo nn aa nn dd tthh ee nn eegg aatt iivv ee iimm ppaa cctt ss ooff tthh ee ggrr ooww iinn gg nn uu mm bbee rr oo ff eexx ttrr eemm ee ww eeaa tthh eerr eevv eenn ttss .. on in it ia ti ve s Co un te ra ct th e de gr ad at io n of m ar in e an d co as ta l ec os ys te m s (m an gr ov e fo re st s, c or al re ef s, se ag ra ss b ed s an d du ne s) an d pr om ot e th e en ha nc em en t an d su st ai na bl e us e of th es e ar ea s of h ig h im po rt an ce fo r bi od iv er si ty an d vi ta l f or th e pr ot ec ti on an d re si lie nc e of c oa st al zo ne s In cr ea se d th e ar ea u nd er p ro te ct io n of m ar in e an d co as ta l e co sy st em s im po rt an t f or m ai nt ai ni ng bi od iv er si ty a nd fo r t he p ro te ct io n an d re si lie nc e of c oa st al z on es D ev el op p ar ti ci pa to ry m an ag em en t to ol s sp ec ifi c to e co sy st em s th at al lo w fo r s us ta in ab le u se o f re so ur ce s an d m or e ef fe ct iv e pr ot ec ti on o f t he se a re as (s im ila r t o th e M an ga l M an ag em en t S tr at eg y) . 39 0. 00 0 H ig h Lo ca l co m m un it ie s, ac ad em ia , N G O s, pa rt ne rs M TA M TA / A N A C, M IM A IP , A ca de m ia , N G O s Si m pl e: s im ila r pr oc es se s ar e al re ad y un de rw ay % a re a oc cu pi ed b y ec os ys te m s th at co nt ri bu te to c oa st al re si lie nc e N o. o f re st or at io n in it ia ti ve s Co ns er va ti on ar ea m an ag em en t pl an s P ub lic at io n in B .R . 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 89 | 27 PP IILL LLAA RR 44 :: TT OO UU RR IISS MM AA NN DD CC UU LLTT UU RR EE PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) TToo uu rrii ss mm aa)) IIdd eenn ttii ffyy iinn ccee nn ttii vvee ss ((ff uu nn ddii nn gg,, pprr oomm oott iioo nn aa nn dd mm aarr kk eett iinn gg,, iinn ffrr aass ttrr uu cctt uu rree )) ff oorr iinn vvee sstt mm eenn tt ii nn nn eeww ffoo rrmm ss ooff ttoo uu rrii ssmm ,, aa nn dd iinn tthh ee ttrr aaii nn iinn gg aann dd ccoo nn ttii nn uu iinn gg eedd uu ccaa ttii oonn oo ff pprr ooff eess ssii oonn aall ss,, ccoo nn ttrr iibb uu ttii nn gg ttoo tthh ee ssuu sstt aaii nn aabb llee ddee vvee lloo ppmm eenn tt ooff lloo ccaa ll ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss,, iinn ccll uu ddii nn gg tthh eeii rr ppaa rrtt iicc iipp aatt iioo nn :: eecc oott oouu rrii ssmm ,, bbii oo ccuu lltt uu rraa ll ttoo uu rrii ssmm ,, hh eerr iitt aagg ee ii) E st ab lis h su st ai na bi lit y st an da rd s th at co ns ol id at e to ur is t de st in at io ns of ex ce lle nc e, ad ap ti ng to ur is m to th e pr ot ec ti on an d en ha nc em en t o f p ri st in e co as ta l a re as an d th e cr ea ti on o f va lu e fo r lo ca l co m m un it ie s P la nn in g ru le s an d co nd it io ns , ap pl ic ab le to th e es ta bl is hm en t o f to ur is m b us in es se s an d th e m on it or in g of to ur is m a ct iv it ie s, so th at th ey co nt ri bu te to th e en ha nc em en t o f co as ta l a re as a nd th e m ax im is at io n of ad de d va lu es in te rm s of th e pr ot ec ti on a nd en ha nc em en t o f ph ys ic al n at ur al re so ur ce s, la nd sc ap es a nd fa un a an d flo ra to at tr ac t q ua lit y to ur is m , i nv en to ri ed an d lis te d in a g ui de by 2 02 5 G ui de a llo ca te d to th e m ai n st at e bo di es a t c en tr al a nd 32 .5 00 H ig h G ov er nm en t, In ve st or s, Lo ca l Co m m un it ie s, A ca de m ia , G en er al P ub lic M IC U LT U R A P IE X , M IM A IP , D is tr ic ts , M un ic ip al it ie s Co m pl ex : in vo lv es lia is on be tw ee n th e pa rt ie s in vo lv ed , aw ar en es s ra is in g ca m pa ig ns fo r l oc al co m m un it ie s, d ra w in g up tr ai ni ng pr og ra m m e s N o. o f st an da rd s an d co ns tr ai nt s in cl ud ed in th e sc ri pt N o. o f or ga ni sa ti on s , c om pa ni es an d co m m un it ie s w it h w ho m th e sc ri pt h as be en s ha re d Li st in gs fo r th e sc ri pt M on it or in g th e ap pl ic at io n of st an da rd s an d co ns tr ai nt s D is se m in at io n of th e sc ri pt on in ve st or su pp or t w eb si te s 20 24 20 25 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)90 | 28 PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) ttoo uu rrii ssmm aa nn dd ttoo uu rrii ssmm ww iitt hh ppuu rrpp ooss ee,, ggee aarr eedd ttoo ww aarr ddss tthh ee nn aatt iioo nn aall ,, rree ggii oonn aall aa nn dd iinn ttee rrnn aatt iioo nn aall mm aarr kk eett ss.. pr ov in ci al le ve l i n ch ar ge o f l ic en si ng an d m on it or in g to ur is m de ve lo pm en ts a nd sh ar ed w it h in ve st or s, to ur is m m an ag er s, en tr ep re ne ur s an d lo ca l c om m un it ie s. iv ) Es ta bl is hi ng pu bl ic pr iv at e co m m un it y pa rt ne rs hi ps th at m ak e it po ss ib le to co m bi ne in ve st m en t in to ur is m w it h th e in ve st m en t/ fu nd in g ne ed ed to im pr ov e in fr as tr uc tu r e an d su pp or t se rv ic es (a cc es s A ct or s in th e to ur is m s ec to r a t t he le ve l o f t he c oa st al to ur is t h ub s, in vo lv in g re pr es en ta ti ve s of lo ca l g ov er nm en ts , th e pu bl ic a nd pr iv at e se ct or s an d lo ca l c om m un it ie s, m ob ili se d to jo in to ge th er in pe rm an en t d ia lo gu e pl at fo rm s th at pr om ot e th e de ve lo pm en t o f l oc al to ur is m in a co or di na te d m an ne r D ev el op ed p ub lic pr iv at e pa rt ne rs hi ps to e ns ur e ac ce ss a nd 6. 50 0. 00 0 A ve ra ge Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts , th e pu bl ic a nd pr iv at e se ct or s an d lo ca l co m m un it ie s M IC U LT U R M IC U LT U R / IN A TU R , C TA To ur is m D ep ar tm en t, FE M O TU R , P ro vi nc ia l G ov er nm en ts , D P CU LT U R , P ro vi nc ia l To ur is m A ss oc ia ti on s, Lo ca l T ou ri sm A ss oc ia ti on s, P ri va te to ur is m or ga ni sa ti on s, M TC , A N E, FI P A G , E D M . Co m pl ex : im pl ie s co or di na ti o n be tw ee n th e pa rt ie s in vo lv ed , m ob ili sa ti o n of fu nd in g N o. o f pa rt ne rs hi ps se t u p N o. o f in fr as tr uc tu r es im pl em en te d un de r pa rt ne rs hi ps Co nt ra ct s to se t u p an d fo rm al is e pu bl ic pr iv at e co m m un it y pa rt ne rs hi ps at to ur is t h ub le ve l, w it h pr ov in ci al a nd di st ri ct go ve rn m en ts 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 91 | 29 PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) ro ad s, tr an sp or t, te le co m m un i ca ti on s, en er gy , he al th , se cu ri ty ). su pp or t in fr as tr uc tu re s fo r to ur is t s it es , m ob ili ty , h ea lt h, co m m un ic at io ns , se cu ri ty a nd o th er in fr as tr uc tu re s, a s w el l a s re gi on al a nd lo ca l m ob ili ty so lu ti on s A dj us t t he le ga l fr am ew or k so th at it co nt ri bu te s to s pe ed in g up te rr it or ia l lic en si ng , ob ta in in g lic en ce s fo r ac ti vi ti es , Ta rg et : En su re d, th ro ug h a "O ne S to p Sh op " pl at fo rm , a n in cr ea se in th e sp ee d an d ef fic ie nc y of Si m pl ifi ca ti on le gi sl at io n pr od uc ed an d pu bl is he d En su re d, th ro ug h an el ec tr on ic li ce ns in g pl at fo rm , a n in cr ea se in th e ag ili ty a nd e ff ic ie nc y of a dm in is tr at iv e lic en si ng p ro ce ss es 16 .2 50 H ig h G ov er nm en t, In ve st or s, A ca de m ia , G en er al P ub lic MM IICC UU LLTT UU RR M IC U LT U R / IN A TU R , M IM A IP . M TA he s ec to r ha s al re ad y be gu n th e pr oc es s of up da ti ng le gi sl at io n an d re st ru ct ur i ng th e el ec tr on ic lic en si ng pl at fo rm . N o. o f si m pl ifi ca ti on la w s pu bl is he d N o. o f c as es su bm it te d vi a th e pl at fo rm P ub lic at io n in B .R . P la tf or m re gi st ra ti on s 2 02 4 20 25 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)92 | 30 PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) ad m in is tr at i ve p ro ce ss es (e .g .: lic en si ng pr oc es se s an d co nf lic t re so lu ti on ).( e .g . l ic en si ng pr oc es se s an d co nf lic t re so lu ti on ), w e pr op os e th at th e ta rg et b e w ri tt en a s fo llo w s "E ns ur ed , th ro ug h an el ec tr on ic lic en si ng pl at fo rm , a n in cr ea se in th e ag ili ty an d ef fic ie nc y of lic en si ng pr oc es se s" si nc e th e el ec tr on ic lic en si ng pl at fo rm is BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 93 | 31 PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) cu rr en tl y be in g re st ru ct ur ed by C ED SI F; P ro m ot in g th e op ti m is at io n of fu nd in g m ec ha ni sm s an d fin an ci al ri sk co ve ra ge fo r to ur is m pr oj ec ts (i n ad di ti on to tr ad it io na l ba nk in g an d m ar ke ts ), to ne w so lu ti on s av ai la bl e, ba se d on di ve rs ifi ca ti o n an d re co ur se to so ci al a nd en vi ro nm en t al fu nd s, co m pe ns at io n fu nd s an d co un te rp ar ts O pt im is ed fi na nc in g an d fin an ci al ri sk co ve ra ge m ec ha ni sm s 65 0. 00 0 G ov er nm en t, P ri va te S ec to r an d Lo ca l Co m m un it ie s MM IICC UU LLTT UU RR M IM A IP / P R O A ZU L, M IC U LT U R / IN A TU R , C TA To ur is m D ep ar tm en t, FE M O TU R , P ri va te to ur is m or ga ni sa ti on s, Co m m er ci al ba nk s Co m pl ex : in vo lv es m ob ili si ng fu nd in g N o. o f p ro je ct s fin an ce d Fu nd ed pr oj ec ts 20 24 20 25 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)94 | 32 PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) , b ut a ls o ca pi ta lis at io n, b on d an d gu ar an te e sy st em s, ba se d on va lu in g na tu ra l ca pi ta l a nd to ur is t a nd na tu ra l he ri ta ge . bb)) TT oo pprr oomm oott ee tthh ee ddee vvee lloo ppmm eenn tt ooff ttoo uu rrii ssmm iinn iitt ss vvaa rrii oouu ss gguu iiss eess ((cc ooaa sstt aall ,, ccuu lltt uu rraa ll,, nn aauu ttii ccaa ll,, nn aatt uu rree )) aa ss aa ffaa cctt oorr iinn eenn hh aann ccii nn gg tthh ee ttee rrrr iitt oorr yy,, tthh ee eecc oonn oomm yy aann dd lloo ccaa ll ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss,, ww hh iillee aa tt tt hh ee ssaa mm ee ttii mm ee bbrr ooaa ddee nn iinn gg i) Id en ti fy , en ha nc e an d pu bl ic is e (b y cr ea ti ng to ur is t it in er ar ie s) th e nu m er ou s at tr ac ti on s, in cl ud in g cu lt ur al he ri ta ge (p ar ti cu la rl y m ar it im e cu lt ur al he ri ta ge ), en vi ro nm en t al v al ue s an d bi od iv er si ty En vi ro nm en ta l va lu es a nd bi od iv er si ty o f t he co as tl in e, a dj ac en t m ar it im e st ri p an d co as ta l a nd in la nd w at er p la ns , in ve nt or ie d an d m ap pe d by ge or ef er en ce a nd or ga ni se d ac co rd in g to th ei r t ou ri st ap pe al M ar it im e cu lt ur al he ri ta ge v al ue s of th e co as tl in e, ad ja ce nt m ar it im e st ri p an d co as ta l a nd in la nd w at er p la ns , 13 .0 00 A ve ra ge G ov er nm en t, In ve st or s, P ri va te S ec to r, A ca de m ia , G en er al P ub lic M IC U LT U R M IC U LT U R / IN A TU R , A R P A C, M IM A IP , Co as ta l D is tr ic ts a nd M un ic ip al it ie s N o. o f en vi ro nm en t al a nd bi od iv er si ty va lu es w it h to ur is m po te nt ia l id en ti fie d on th e ro ut e N o. o f u nl oa ds fr om th e ro ut in g N o. o f c op ie s of th e ro ad m ap pr od uc ed a nd di st ri bu te d W eb si te /p or t al fo r ge or ef er en ci n g to ur is t at tr ac ti on s P ag es w he re th e R oa dm ap ca n be do w nl oa de d R oa dm ap up da te ed it io ns 20 24 20 25 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 95 | 33 PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) tthh ee ooff ffee rr tt oo aatt ttrr aacc tt tt hh ee vvaa rrii oouu ss ssee ggmm eenn ttss oo ff ttoo uu rrii sstt ss aann dd vvii ssii ttoo rrss ((ll oocc aall ,, nn aatt iioo nn aall ,, iinn ttee rrnn aatt iioo nn aall ,, yyoo uu nn gg,, ss eenn iioo rr,, ffaa mm iillii eess ,, ee ttcc ..)).. of th e ex te ns iv e co as tl in e an d co as ta l a nd in la nd w at er pl an s th at ca n co nt ri bu te to in cr ea si ng th e po si ti ve im pa ct s of to ur is m a s a so ur ce o f pr im ar y an d se co nd ar y in co m e an d as a fa ct or in jo b cr ea ti on . in ve nt or ie d an d m ap pe d by ge or ef er en ce a nd or ga ni se d ac co rd in g to th ei r t ou ri st ap pe al M oz am bi qu e' s To ur is t C oa st al a nd W at er P la n R oa dm ap p re pa re d, pr od uc ed in el ec tr on ic a nd pr in te d fo rm at a nd di ss em in at ed b y 20 25 M oz am bi qu e' s Co as t an d W at er w ay s To ur is t R ou te k ep t up to d at e iii ) E st ab lis h st an da rd s an d po lic ie s th at h el p pr ot ec t m ar it im e cu lt ur al he ri ta ge , pa rt ic ul ar ly th at w hi ch ca n co nt ri bu te to D ev el op ed , a nd fr am ed in pr og ra m m es a nd po lic ie s, p re ci se , m ea su ra bl e pr oj ec ts an d st ra te gi es th at in te gr at e th e co ns er va ti on , re co ve ry , a dd it io n, re se ar ch a nd di ss em in at io n of cu lt ur al a nd M IC U LT U R M IM A IP , M TC , Co as ta l D is tr ic ts a nd M un ic ip al it ie s , A ca de m y, CA IR IM , M us eu m s N o. o f p la ns , pr og ra m m es an d gu id el in es im pl em en te d R at ifi ca ti on pu bl is he d N o. o f di pl om as ap pr ov ed N o. o f c ou rs es P la ns , pr og ra m m es an d gu id el in es ap pr ov ed a nd pu bl is he d P ub lic at io n in O ff ic ia l G az et te R ep or ts o n ca pa ci ty bu ild in g 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)96 | 34 PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) su st ai na bl e to ur is m : f or ex am pl e, ad he re nc e to in te rn at io na l tr ea ti es o r co nv en ti on s an d pu bl ic is in g th ei r im po rt an ce m ar it im e he ri ta ge si te s an d cu lt ur al ac ti vi ti es , i n th e co nt ex t o f t he ir pr ot ec ti on a nd co ns er va ti on , in vo lv in g th e pa rt ic ip at io n of lo ca l co m m un it ie s. 20 01 U N ES CO Co nv en ti on ra ti fie d an d na ti on al le gi sl at io n an d st ra te gi es a do pt ed to e ns ur e it s ef fe ct iv e im pl em en ta ti on a nd th e fig ht a ga in st tr af fic ki ng in un de rw at er c ul tu ra l go od s N at io na l c ap ac it ie s fo r t he p ro te ct io n an d in te gr al m an ag em en t o f un de rw at er c ul tu ra l he ri ta ge st re ng th en ed th ro ug h tr ai ni ng a nd ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g co ur se s on th e or ga ni se d ac ti vi ti es BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 97 | 35 PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) pr ot ec ti on o f un de rw at er c ul tu ra l he ri ta ge fo r s ta te an d no n st at e te ch ni ci an s an d th e lo ca l c om m un it y in vo lv ed in th e pr ot ec ti on o f t hi s he ri ta ge . cc)) IIdd eenn ttii ffyy aa nn dd ttaa kk ee aadd vvaa nn ttaa ggee oo ff tthh ee ppoo ttee nn ttii aall rree llaa ttee dd ttoo nn aauu ttii ccaa ll ttoo uu rrii ssmm rree ggii oonn aall aa nn dd lloo ccaa ll cc rruu iiss eess ,, ppll eeaa ssuu rree bboo aatt iinn gg,, nn aauu ttii ccaa ll ss ppoo rrtt ss ((ii nn ccll uu ddii nn gg sscc hh oooo ll ss ppoo rrtt ss)) ,, nn aauu ttii ccaa ll eevv eenn ttss iinn ccoo nn jjuu nn cctt iioo nn ww iitt hh lloo ccaa ll bboo ddii eess ((vv aall oorr iiss aatt iioo nn ooff cc ooaa sstt aall aa nn dd rrii vvee rrss iidd ee aarr eeaa ss v) P ro m ot e lia is on w it h lo ca l go ve rn m en t s, pa rt ic ul ar ly m un ic ip al go ve rn m en t s, re pr es en ta ti ve s of th e pr iv at e to ur is m se ct or a nd lo ca l co m m un it ie s w it h a vi ew to ha rn es si ng th e de ve lo pm en t po te nt ia l o f N au ti ca l s po rt s or ga ni sa ti on s or cl ub s, w hi ch o ff er le ar ni ng a nd pr ac ti ce o f n au ti ca l sp or ts a nd e ve n co m pe ti ti on , s et u p in a ll co as ta l pr ov in ce s Sc ho ol w at er s po rt s in tr od uc ed a t t he le ve l o f s ec on da ry sc ho ol s es ta bl is he d on th e co as t a nd in la nd w at er s o M oz am bi qu e in cl ud ed in n at io na l, re gi on al a nd in te rn at io na l r eg at ta ci rc ui ts o r n au ti ca l ev en ts 14 3. 00 0 A ve ra ge G ov er nm en ts , pu bl ic a nd pr iv at e se ct or s an d lo ca l co m m un it ie s M IM A IP M IN ED , S ai lin g Cl ub s, M un ic ip al it ie s N o. o f w at er sp or ts or ga ni sa ti on s N o. o f p eo pl e pr ac ti si ng w at er s po rt s ac ti vi ti es N o. o f s ch oo ls w it h na ut ic al sc ho ol s po rt s N o. o f n au ti ca l ev en ts h el d N o. o f ho lid ay m ak er s in vo lv ed in re gi on al a nd co nt in en ta l re ga tt as a nd ch am pi on sh i ps Sp or ts fe de ra ti on re gi st er s Sc ho ol re co rd s N at io na l a nd in te rn at io na l pr om ot io n of re ga tt as a nd re gi on al a nd co nt in en ta l ch am pi on sh ip s 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)98 | 36 PP 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss AA nn ssww eerr .. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) aann dd iinn vvoo llvv eemm eenn tt ooff ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss)) ,, aann dd ww iitt hh pp oorr tt aauu tthh oorr iitt iiee ss ((uu ssee aa nn dd vvaa lloo rrii ssaa ttii oonn oo ff ppoo rrtt aa rree aass )).. na ut ic al a nd sp or ti ng ac ti vi ti es (in cl ud in g sc ho ol sp or ts ). In cr ea si ng cr ui se tr af fic , in p ar ti cu la r ca lls a lo ng th e co as t o f M oz am bi qu e, an d su pp or ti ng re cr ea ti on al bo at in g D ou bl e th e nu m be r of c ru is e sh ip c al ls in 5 ye ar s N ew c ru is e sh ip be rt hs id en ti fie d an d op er at io na lis ed w it hi n 10 y ea rs M ai n an d se co nd ar y ha rb ou rs e qu ip pe d w it h fa ci lit ie s to ac co m m od at e lo ca l an d pa ss in g pl ea su re c ra ft b y 20 40 N ew to ur is t at tr ac ti on s it es fo r th e in st al la ti on o f flo at in g w al kw ay s or p ili ng s to s up po rt re cr ea ti on al b oa ti ng st op ov er s id en ti fie d by 2 02 6 TC M CF M , M IC U LT U R , M un ic ip al it ie s N o. o f c ru is e sh ip c al ls N o. o f c ru is e pa ss en ge rs N o. o f p or ts tr ai ne d N o. o f s he lt er fa ci lit ie s av ai la bl e N o. o f b er th s fo r re cr ea ti on al cr af t A nn ua l st at is ti cs IN E St ud ie s ca rr ie d ou t Lo ca ti on s av ai la bl e 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 99 | 37 PP IILL LLAA RR 55 :: MM AA RR IITT IIMM EE TT RR AA NN SS PP OO RR TT AA NN DD PP OO RR TT AA NN DD LL OO GG IISS TT IICC SS IINN FFRR AA SS TT RR UU CC TT UU RR EESS PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) PP oorr ttss aa nn dd mm aarr iitt iimm ee ttrr aann sspp oorr tt aa)) EE nn ssuu rree tthh ee ttrr aann ssff oorr mm aatt iioo nn aann dd mm oodd eerr nn iiss aatt iioo nn oo ff nn aatt iioo nn aall pp oorr ttss iinn ttoo ""bb lluu ee"" pp oorr ttss ,, ccoo nn ttrr iibb uu ttii nn gg ttoo ssuu sstt aaii nn aabb llee nn aatt iioo nn aall aa nn dd rree ggii oonn aall pp oorr tt ddee vvee lloo ppmm eenn tt i) Im pr ov e th e sp ec ifi c tr ai ni ng of fe r f or h um an re so ur ce s in th e di ff er en t ac ti vi ti es re la te d to p or t o pe ra ti on s an d m ar it im e tr an sp or t R ed uc in g th e ne ed fo r t ra in in g ab ro ad b y 50 p er ce nt b y cr ea ti ng ne w o r e xp an di ng th e ca pa ci ty o f fo rm al c ou rs es re la te d to sh ip pi ng , m ar it im e tr an sp or t a nd p or t op er at io n ac ti vi ti es Th e N at io na l R es ea rc h Fu nd (F N I) is p ro m ot in g a lin e of fu nd in g fo r t he or ga ni sa ti on o f se as on al tr ai ni ng se ss io ns 50 % o f pr of es si on al s at te nd a dd it io na l tr ai ni ng a nd im pr ov em en t 57 5. 25 0 H ig h P or t a nd m ar it im e tr an sp or t pr of es si on al s , p or t op er at or s, sh ip ow ne rs M CT ES M IM A IP , M IC U LT U R , M IR EM E; A ca de m i a, FN I (M CT ES ), A ca de m i a/ In st it ut es / St at e bo di es m an ag in g po rt an d/ or m ar it im e tr an sp or t ac ti vi ti es R el at iv e ly si m pl e N o. o f s tu de nt s gr ad ua ti ng fr om n ew co ur se s N o. o f co ur se s/ se m in ar s/ tr ai n in gs o ff er ed N o. o f p ar ti ci pa nt s in tr ai ni ng a ct iv it ie s R ep or ts o n ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g ac ti vi ti es Tr ai ni ng re po rt s Ex ch an ge /i nt er ns hi p re po rt s 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)100 | 38 PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) co ur se s N ew in te rn sh ip an d/ or e xc ha ng e pr og ra m m es cr ea te d 25 % o f pr of es si on al s ta ke pa rt in ex ch an ge /i nt er ns hi p ac ti vi ti es ii) C re at e fin an ci al an d fis ca l in ce nt iv es fo r in ve st m en ts in ad ap ti ng a nd tr an sf or m in g po rt s to m ee t en vi ro nm en ta l su st ai na bi lit y re qu ir em en ts . Ex is ti ng a nd fu tu re p or t in fr as tr uc tu re s ad ap te d to en vi ro nm en ta l su st ai na bi lit y re qu ir em en ts , pa rt ic ul ar ly th os e re la te d to c lim at e ch an ge , c oa st al er os io n an d im pa ct o n co ns er va ti on ar ea s an d th e K B A Th e de ve lo pm en t pl an s of th e va ri ou s co nc es si on ai re s in cl ud e 20 1.1 50 H ig h P or t ad m in is tr at io ns a nd m an ag er s M TA TC M M EF , M TA , M IM A IP % o f c on ce ss io n co nt ra ct s re vi ew ed N o. o f d ev el op m en t pl an s re al is ed N o. o f i m pa ct s tu di es ca rr ie d ou t R ev is ed co nc es si on co nt ra ct s Fo llo w u p re po rt s on d ev el op m en t pl an s Im pa ct s tu di es ca rr ie d ou t 20 24 20 32 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 101 | 39 PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) m in im is in g th e ef fe ct s of c lim at e ch an ge o n th es e fa ci lit ie s N ew p or t in fr as tr uc tu re s, th e ex pa ns io n of ex is ti ng p or t ar ea s an d th e es ta bl is hm en t a nd m ai nt en an ce o f ac ce ss c ha nn el s ar e du ly p re ce de d by e nv ir on m en ta l im pa ct s tu di es . PP oorr ttss aa nn dd mm aarr iitt iimm ee ttrr aann sspp oorr tt bb)) PP rroo mm oott ee iinn ccrr eeaa ssee dd ddee mm aann dd ffoo rr nn aatt iioo nn aall pp oorr ttss ,, ccoo mm bbii nn eedd ww iitt hh tthh eeii rr mm oodd eerr nn iiss aatt iioo nn ((aa nn dd iimm pprr oovv eedd ppee rrff oorr mm aann ccee )),, rroo aadd rr aaii ll ccoo rrrr iidd oorr ss,, tthh ee ddee vvee lloo ppmm eenn tt oo ff ccaa bboo ttaa ggee aa nn dd nn aatt iioo nn aall aa iirr ppoo rrtt ss.. iii ) O pt im is in g th e in te rm od al tr an sp or t c ha in , bo th in th e im po rt an t re la ti on sh ip w it h th e hi nt er la nd co un tr ie s an d in re la ti on to na ti on al tr an sp or t, as w el l as in th e ex pl oi ta ti on /e xp or t o f m in er al re so ur ce s an d Im pr ov ed pe rf or m an ce o f a ll pr oc es se s in he re nt to p or ts (e qu ip m en t, di gi ti sa ti on , co or di na ti on w it h la nd tr an sp or t, et c. ) N ew w el l eq ui pp ed p or t in fr as tr uc tu re s w it h hi gh co nn ec ti vi ty to bo os t c om m er ci al 33 .19 8. 4 25 H ig h P or t ad m in is tr at io ns a nd m an ag er s, na ti on al a nd hi nt er la nd sh ip pe rs TC M CF M , de al er sh i ps Q ua lit y an d m an ag em en t i nd ic at or s ag re ed a nd e st ab lis he d To nn es tr an sp or te d by ty pe o f t ra ff ic a nd in fr as tr uc tu re (e .g . ca bo ta ge tr af fic ) A nn ua l s ta ti st ic s fr om th e W or ld Ec on om ic F or um P or t r ep or ts N at io na l h ar bo ur pl an A nn ua l s ta ti st ic s fr om IN E an d CF M 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)102 | 40 PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) hy dr oc ar bo ns , bo os ti ng th e de ve lo pm en t po te nt ia l o f p or t ac ti vi ti es , lo gi st ic s an d m ar it im e tr an sp or t, an d ev en th e de ve lo pm en t o f ne w p or t in fr as tr uc tu re s. tr an sa ct io ns b ot h in M oz am bi qu e an d in th e co un tr ie s th at m ak e up it s hi nt er la nd b ui lt ov er th e ne xt 10 ye ar s N at io na l P or t P la n dr aw n up a nd pu bl ic is ed to po te nt ia l p ar tn er s Ca bo ta ge tr an sp or t b oo st ed an d pr om ot ed to en ab le a re gu la r an d re lia bl e se rv ic e: re ac h 1 m ill io n to nn es /y ea r i n ca bo ta ge tr af fic by 2 04 0 Si m pl ifi ed cu st om s pr oc ed ur es b y 20 26 O pt im is in g th e Se ct or 's G ov er na nc e an d M an ag em en t R ol e of R eg ul at or of th e P or ts a nd M ar it im e 25 .8 05 N ew re gu la to ry le gi sl at io n pu bl is he d M on it or in g an d ev al ua ti on re po rt s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 103 | 41 PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) M od el , w it h ch an ge s to th e le ga l a nd re gu la to ry fr am ew or k in or de r t o es ta bl is h a m or e co lla bo ra ti ve m od el , w it h gr ea te r in vo lv em en t o f pu bl ic a nd p ri va te st ak eh ol de rs , re gi on al go ve rn m en ts a nd lo ca l co m m un it ie s, a nd be tt er d ef in it io n an d co or di na ti on be tw ee n re gu la ti on , p or t au th or it ie s an d in fr as tr uc tu re op er at or s an d m an ag er s. Tr an sp or t S ec to r re la un ch ed Le ga l f ra m ew or k fo r t he s ep ar at io n of p ow er s an d fu nc ti on s be tw ee n re gu la to r an d re gu la te d, cl ar ifi ed , el im in at in g ar ea s of c on fli ct o f in te re st b et w ee n pu bl ic a nd p ri va te in te re st s R ei nf or ce d th e ro le o f a c en tr al go ve rn m en t b od y re sp on si bl e fo r po lit ic al a nd fu nc ti on al co or di na ti on be tw ee n th e G ov er nm en t a nd P or t A ut ho ri ti es , w it h fu nc ti on s of pl an ni ng a nd ov er se ei ng gu id el in es , de fin ed s tr at eg ic in di ca to rs , a s w el l BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)104 | 42 PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) as s ec to r le gi sl at io n Th e es ta bl is hm en t o f a P or t H ol di ng , w it h pl an ni ng , in te gr at io n an d co or di na ti on fu nc ti on s, a nd R eg io na l P or t A ut ho ri ti es (N or th , C en tr e an d So ut h) , a llo w in g fo r a m od el w it h m or e co lla bo ra ti ve , cl os er a nd m or e lo ca l g ov er na nc e an d m an ag em en t m ec ha ni sm s, in vo lv in g lo ca l st ak eh ol de rs , na m el y go ve rn m en ts a nd co m m un it ie s. Im pl em en ti ng a n in te gr at ed in fo rm at io n an d co nt ro l s ys te m to su pp or t p or t Im pl em en ta ti on o f ec on om ic , s oc ia l an d en vi ro nm en ta l su st ai na bi lit y N ew re gu la to ry le gi sl at io n pu bl is he d M on it or in g an d ev al ua ti on re po rt s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 105 | 43 PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) ac ti vi ti es a nd re la te d in fr as tr uc tu re s, as a w ay o f ga in in g ef fic ie nc y an d ef fe ct iv en es s in p ro ce ss es a nd co ns eq ue nt g ai ns in th e co m pe ti ti ve ne ss of p or t a nd re la te d in fr as tr uc tu re s. ob je ct iv es a nd in di ca to rs (K P Is ) to b e in co rp or at ed in to th e in fo rm at io n, m an ag em en t a nd co nt ro l s ys te m s fo r t he a ct iv it ie s of p or ts a nd o th er re la te d in fr as tr uc tu re s. A P or t In fo rm at io n Sy st em h as b ee n im pl em en te d, co m m on to a ll po rt s an d ex te nd ed to th e lin ks in th e lo gi st ic s ch ai ns , t o co or di na te ac ti vi ti es , n am el y th e en tr y an d ex it of s hi ps a nd c ar go , au th or is at io ns fr om th e co m pe te nt au th or it ie s, ar ti cu la ti on o f K P I re qu es ts fo r BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)106 | 44 PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) va ri ou s se rv ic es , co or di na ti on o f be rt hi ng , ap pl ic at io n of fe es an d in vo ic in g, co or di na ti on o f lo gi st ic s ev en ts in th e su pp ly c ha in , re gu la r r ep or ti ng on p ro du ct iv it y an d qu al it y of se rv ic e in di ca to rs fo r t er m in al s an d co nc es si on s an d ot he r i nd ic at or s re le va nt to co or di na ti on , m an ag em en t a nd co nt ro l. NN aavv iigg aatt iioo nn ss aaff eett yy cc)) SS aaff eegg uu aarr ddii nn gg tthh ee ssaa ffee ttyy aa nn dd ssee ccuu rrii ttyy oo ff nn aavv iigg aatt iioo nn aa nn dd tthh ee pprr oott eecc ttii oonn oo ff tthh ee mm ooss tt ssee nn ssii ttii vvee aa rree aass iinn tthh ee MM oozz aamm bbii qquu ee CC hh aann nn eell aa nn dd,, mm oorr ee sspp eecc iiff iicc aall llyy ,, iinn MM oozz aamm bbii qquu ee'' ss ccoo aass ttaa ll ss ttrr iipp aa nn dd mm aarr iinn ee ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt iioo nn Co lla bo ra ti ve ly in te gr at e pu bl ic an d pr iv at e re so ur ce s in to a se t o f g lo ba l m ar it im e su rv ei lla nc e an d se cu ri ty pr oc ed ur es M an da to ry u se o f th e V es se l M on it or in g Sy st em (V M S) b y al l e co no m ic ac ti vi ti es u si ng ve ss el s an d/ or pl at fo rm s by 2 03 0 P la tf or m a nd ve ss el in sp ec ti on re po rt s is su ed 3. 22 0. 10 0 M D N M D N / M G M , M IM A IP , M IN EC , M EF N o. o f V M S sy st em s in st al le d N o. o f i ns pe ct io ns N o. o f c oo rd in at ed su rv ei lla nc e an d se cu ri ty o pe ra ti on s Co nt ra ct R ep or ts In sp ec ti on re po rt s O pe ra ti on re po rt s 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 107 | 45 PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) aarr eeaa ss.. G ov er na nc e m od el fo r m ar it im e su rv ei lla nc e an d se cu ri ty (M D A ) co ve ri ng th e en ti re m ar it im e sp ac e in o pe ra ti on SShh iipp bbuu iilldd ii nn gg aann dd rree ppaa iirr dd)) PP rroo mm oott ee sshh iipp bbuu iilldd iinn gg aann dd sshh iipp rree ppaa iirr iinn tthh ee vvaa rrii oouu ss ttyy ppee ss:: sshh iipp ss,, ffii sshh iinn gg bboo aatt ss aann dd rree ccrr eeaa ttii oonn aall //tt oouu rrii sstt vv eess ssee llss .. iv ) C re at e ta x in ce nt iv es fo r sh ip bu ild in g, im po rt in g an d fla gg in g sh ip s fo r na ti on al m ar it im e ca bo ta ge , i n th e co nt ex t o f t he in te rn al m ov em en t o f go od s an d pe op le A s tr at eg y fo r t he sh ip bu ild in g se ct or , i nv ol vi ng th e po lit ic al au th or it ie s an d th e sh ip ya rd s, w he re co nt ra ct ua lis at io n m od el s an d fin an ci ng pr og ra m m es c an be p ro po se d to pr om ot e in ve st m en ts in th e co ns tr uc ti on an d m od er ni sa ti on o f sh ip ya rd s an d th e in vo lv em en t o f th e pr iv at e se ct or . 9. 75 0 Sp ec ifi c ob je ct iv es a nd pr og ra m m es fo r t he se ct or N o. o f p ro je ct s, in ve st m en t v ol um es an d ch ar ac te ri st ic s Si tu at io n an d pr og re ss re po rt s D iv er si fy a nd m od er ni se th e ra ng e of sh ip bu ild in g an d re pa ir y ar ds , ta rg et in g th e va ri ou s ty pe s of In no va ti ve n ew sh ip bu ild in g an d re pa ir p ro ce ss es an d m et ho ds a re in tr od uc ed th at in cr ea se th e su st ai na bi lit y of 20 8. 00 0 N o. o f n ew p ro je ct s an d th ei r c ha ra ct er is ti cs Si tu at io n an d pr og re ss re po rt s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)108 | 46 PP 55 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn .. CC oomm ppll ee xx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff VV eerr iiff iicc aatt iioo nn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) ve ss el s (g oo ds , fis hi ng , re cr ea ti on /t ou ri s m ), pr om ot in g co m m un it y in vo lv em en t, tr ai ni ng , in no va ti on a nd te ch no lo gi es a nd re cy cl in g/ ci rc ul a r e co no m y. th e se ct or , in cl ud in g re cy cl in g an d m or e ef fic ie nt eq ui pm en t, co nt ri bu ti ng to gr ee n m ar it im e tr an sp or t En co ur ag in g sm al l sh ip ya rd s to sp ec ia lis e in bu ild in g in no va ti ve a nd te ch no lo gi ca lly ad va nc ed v es se ls En co ur ag in g th e cr ea ti on o f sh ip ya rd s w it h th e in vo lv em en t of th e lo ca l co m m un it y, in co nj un ct io n w it h sc ho ol s an d tr ai ni ng c en tr es th at e nc ou ra ge th e at tr ac ti on o f yo un g pe op le to th e se ct or . BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 109 | 47 PP IILL LLAA RR 66 :: MM AA RR IITT IIMM EE SS AA FFEE TT YY PP 66 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn iiee nn tt.. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) MM aarr iitt iimm ee ssaa ffee ttyy aann dd ssee ccuu rrii ttyy aa)) SS ttrr eenn ggtt hh eenn tthh ee ccaa ppaa ccii ttyy ffoo rr tthh ee pprr oott eecc ttii oonn aann dd ssee ccuu rrii ttyy oo ff aacc ttii vvii ttii eess ,, ss hh iipp ss,, iinn ffrr aass ttrr uu cctt uu rree ,, tthh ee mm aarr iinn ee aann dd ccoo aass ttaa ll eenn vvii rroo nn mm eenn tt aa nn dd ttee rrrr iitt oorr iiaa ll iinn ttee ggrr iitt yy,, iinn ccll uu ddii nn gg tthh ee sshh aarr iinn gg ooff rree ssoo uu rrcc eess aa nn dd ccoo oorr ddii nn aatt eedd iinn ttee rrvv eenn ttii oonn iinn mm aarr iitt iimm ee sspp aacc eess uu nn ddee rr nn aatt iioo nn aall ssoo vvee rree iigg nn ttyy ,, iinn ccll uu ddii nn gg tthh ee rree sscc uu ee ooff ssee aaff aarr eerr ss Cr ea te a nd op er at io na lis e th e N at io na l M ar it im e A ut ho ri ty Sy st em (S A M N ) SA M N im pl em en te d by 20 25 2. 27 5. 00 0 Im m ed ia te ly M D N , M IN T P CL F M IM A IP , M IN T/ P CL F O rg an ic la w pu bl is he d Co nc ep t im pl em en te d P ub lic at io n in B .R . O pe ra ti on s R ep or ts 20 24 20 26 Co lla bo ra ti ve ly in te gr at e pu bl ic an d pr iv at e re so ur ce s in to a se t o f g lo ba l m ar it im e su rv ei lla nc e an d se cu ri ty pr oc ed ur es A ut om at ic V es se l M on it or in g Sy st em (V M S) m an da to ry fo r al l e co no m ic ac ti vi ti es u si ng ve ss el s an d/ or pl at fo rm s by 20 30 . P la tf or m s an d ve ss el s in sp ec te d an d th e re sp ec ti ve in sp ec ti on re po rt is su ed 6. 17 5. 00 0 H ig h Sh ip o w ne rs an d op er at or s M D N , M IN T P CL F M D N / M G M , M IM A IP , M IN T P CL F N o. o f V M S sy st em s in st al le d N o. o f in sp ec ti on s Co nt ra ct R ep or ts O pe ra ti on re po rt s 20 24 20 30 O pt im is e co op er at io n be tw ee n th e va ri ou s se cu ri ty fo rc es a nd se rv ic es a t SA D C le ve l Co op er at io n be tw ee n th e va ri ou s Se cu ri ty Fo rc es a nd Se rv ic es a t SA D C le ve l op ti m is ed b y 20 40 3. 25 0. 00 0 M D N , M IN T P CL F M D N / M G M , M IN EC , M IM A IP N o. o f ex er ci se s, op er at io ns an d pe ri od ic m ee ti ng s he ld p er y ea r In fo rm at io n an d op er at io ns re po rt s Se ar ch a nd re sc ue co or di na ti on 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)110 | 48 PP 66 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn iiee nn tt.. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) En su re d th e jo in t c on du ct o f co m bi ne d m ar it im e op er at io ns in th e te rr it or ia l w at er s of e ac h of th e th re e co un tr ie s (S ou th A fr ic a, M oz am bi qu e an d Ta nz an ia ) Im pr ov ed co or di na ti on be tw ee n th e m ar it im e re sc ue co or di na ti on ce nt re s in th e M oz am bi qu e Ch an ne l/ W es t In di an O ce an (W IO ) a nd se ar ch a nd re sc ue a ct iv it ie s in M oz am bi qu e' s m ar it im e sp ac e re po rt s bb)) EE nn ssuu rree eeff ffee cctt iivv ee mm aarr iitt iimm ee ccoo mm mm uu nn iicc aatt iioo nn ss,, ssee aarr cchh aa nn dd ii) C re at e an d op er at e th e N at io na l M ar it im e Se ar ch an d R es cu e M R CC c re at ed an d op er at io na lis ed 1.8 20 .0 00 H ig h M IN T (u p to 12 M N ), M D N M IN T/ P CL F, M D N , M IM A IP Es ta bl is he d ce nt re O pe ra ti on al re po rt s 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 111 | 49 PP 66 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn iiee nn tt.. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) rree sscc uu ee aann dd aacc ccii ddee nn tt iinn vvee sstt iigg aatt iioo nn ssee rrvv iicc eess ttoo ssaa ffee gguu aarr dd hh uu mm aann llii ffee aa tt ss eeaa aann dd pprr oopp eerr ttyy ,, hh eell ppii nn gg ttoo eenn ccoo uu rraa ggee iinn vvee sstt mm eenn tt ii nn tthh ee ssee cctt oorr .. Co or di na ti on Ce nt re M R CC cc)) DD eevv eell oopp mm eecc hh aann iiss mm ss ttoo eenn ssuu rree tthh ee ssuu ppee rrvv iiss iioo nn ,, mm oonn iitt oorr iinn gg aann dd ccoo nn ttrr ooll oo ff aa llll aacc ttii vvii ttii eess ttaa kk iinn gg ppll aacc ee iinn tthh ee mm aarr iitt iimm ee,, ccoo aass ttaa ll aa nn dd iinn llaa nn dd ww aatt eerr ss sspp aacc ee iii ) O pe ra ti on al is e th e M ar it im e Su rv ei lla nc e O pe ra ti on s Co or di na ti on Ce nt re (C EF M A R ) a nd th e M ar it im e Si tu at io na l A w ar en es s (M D A ) c en tr e. CE FM A R im pl em en te d by 20 26 a nd in vo lv ed in jo in t m ar it im e su rv ei lla nc e re su lt in g fr om th e im pl em en ta ti on of re gi on al a nd in te rn at io na l co m m it m en ts CE FM A R re sp on si bl e fo r co lle ct in g, an al ys in g an d sh ar in g in fo rm at io n re la te d to m ar it im e 1.5 23 .4 05 H ig h M D N , M IN T, M O P H R H , IN G D M IM A IP M D N , M IN T/ P CL F, M IN EC , M EF P ub lic at io n of CE FM A R re gu la ti on s N o. o f j oi nt m ar it im e su rv ei lla nc e op er at io ns N o. o f m ar it im e su rv ei lla nc e op er at io n re po rt s N o. o f pa rt ne rs hi ps or s er vi ce co nt ra ct s si gn ed w it h pu bl ic o r pr iv at e, O pe ra ti on re po rt s 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)112 | 50 PP 66 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn iiee nn tt.. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) su rv ei lla nc e op er at io ns , w it hi n th e fr am ew or k of th e pl at fo rm En su ri ng th e co m m it m en t o f th e hu m an a nd in st it ut io na l re so ur ce s an d re qu ir ed m ea ns av ai la bl e to th e en ti ti es w it h su pe rv is or y fu nc ti on s in th e im pl em en ta ti on of th e ob je ct iv es , p la ns an d pr og ra m m es de fin ed a nd as su m ed w it hi n th e sc op e of CE FM A R 's fu nc ti on s, b ot h in re sp on se to pl an ne d op er at io na l ac ti on s an d to on e of f a le rt s. M ar it im e na ti on al o r in te rn at io na l or ga ni sa ti on s N o. o f in te gr at ed m ar it im e su rv ei lla nc e in te rv en ti on ac ti on s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 113 | 51 PP 66 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn iiee nn tt.. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) su rv ei lla nc e an d se cu ri ty (M D A ) go ve rn an ce m od el c ov er in g th e en ti re m ar it im e sp ac e in st al le d an d op er at or s tr ai ne d vi ) I m pl em en t th e pr oj ec t t o in st al l a v ir tu al m ar it im e m ot or w ay in th e M oz am bi qu e Ch an ne l a nd /o r im pl em en t tr af fic se pa ra ti on sc he m es in pl ac es w it h th e hi gh es t m ar it im e tr af fic (m ai nl y hy dr oc ar bo ns an d ot he r ha za rd ou s m at er ia ls ) a nd ne ar en vi ro nm en ta lly se ns it iv e ar ea s. V ir tu al m ar it im e m ot or w ay in th e M oz am bi qu e Ch an ne l in st al le d Tr af fic se pa ra ti on sc he m es im pl em en te d in pl ac es w it h th e hi gh es t m ar it im e tr af fic (m ai nl y hy dr oc ar bo ns an d ot he r ha za rd ou s m at er ia ls ) a nd ne ar en vi ro nm en ta lly se ns it iv e ar ea s 97 5. 00 0 M IM A IP M D N , M TA , M IR EM E, M IN EC , M IN T/ P CL F M ar it im e ar ea s pr ot ec te d by tr af fic se pa ra ti on sc he m es P ro je ct fo llo w u p re po rt s 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)114 | 52 PP 66 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn iiee nn tt.. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) iv ) St re ng th en in g th e ca pa ci ti es o f co m m un it y ba se d or ga ni sa ti on s to pr ev en t, m on it or an d re po rt il le ga l ac ti vi ti es th at en da ng er th e bl ue e co no m y. Ci vi l s oc ie ty gr ou ps (C SO s, CB O s, N G O s an d ot he r l oc al or ga ni sa ti on s) in vo lv ed in pr ev en ti ng , m on it or in g an d re po rt in g ill eg al ac ti vi ti es th at en da ng er th e bl ue e co no m y A w ar en es s ra is in g an d ca pa ci ty bu ild in g ac ti vi ti es o n th e ED EA a nd th e im po rt an ce o f it s ac ti vi ti es , ai m ed a t c iv il so ci et y gr ou ps , in vo lv in g 50 p er ce nt o f t he se gr ou ps b y 20 30 , 90 p er c en t b y 20 40 . 32 .5 00 M IM A IP M TA , M TC , M IR EM E M IC U LT U R , P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt at iv e B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , Lo ca l A ut ho ri ti es N o. o f c iv il so ci et y gr ou ps in vo lv ed in pr ev en ti ng , m on it or in g an d re po rt in g ill ic it ac ti vi ti es N o. o f aw ar en es s ra is in g an d ca pa ci ty bu ild in g ac ti on s on th e ED EA M IM A IP R A & Q 20 24 20 26 v) R ei nf or ce w it h th e U ni te d N at io ns th e ne ed to d el im it B or de r ag re em en ts de fin ed b y 20 27 65 0. 00 0 M IN EC M IN EC / IM A F, M IM A IP D ef in ed bo rd er s P ub lic at io n in B .R . 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 115 | 53 PP 66 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. IInn ttee rrvv eenn iiee nn tt.. CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) m ar it im e bo rd er s w it h ne ig hb ou ri ng co un tr ie s CC RR OO SS SS CC UU TT TT IINN GG AA XX IISS 11:: GG OO OO DD GG OO VV EERR NN AA NN CC EE EE 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) GG oooo dd ggoo vvee rrnn aann ccee aa)) PP rroo mm oott ee tthh ee ccaa ppaa ccii ttyy ttoo pprr eevv eenn tt aann dd ccoo mm bbaa tt mm aarr iinn ee,, ccoo aass ttaa ll aa nn dd iinn llaa nn dd ww aatt eerr ppoo lllluu ttii oonn .. i) St re ng th en ad he re nc e to a nd in te rn al re gu la ti on o f in te rn at io na l co nv en ti on s M oz am bi qu e ho st s an d or ga ni se s sc ie nt ifi c m ee ti ng s an d co ng re ss es fo cu se d on th e pr ot ec ti on a nd co ns er va ti on o f th e m ar in e en vi ro nm en t a nd ac ti ve ly pa rt ic ip at es in in te rn at io na l fo ru m s an d 4400 ..00 0000 A ve ra ge M IM A IP M IN EC , M TA / A N A C, M CT ES N o. o f m ee ti ng s an d an nu al g at he ri ng s in w hi ch M oz am bi qu e pa rt ic ip at es N o. o f c on ve nt io ns an d ag re em en ts in w hi ch M oz am bi qu e is in vo lv ed Ev id en ce o f pa rt ic ip at io n P ro gr es s re po rt s su bm it te d to th e co nv en ti on s 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)116 | 54 EE 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) co nv en ti on s. M oz am bi qu e is de ve lo pi ng m ul ti la te ra l re se ar ch a nd sc ie nt ifi c co op er at io n pr og ra m m es w it h th e ai m o f pr om ot in g th e sh ar in g of ex pe ri en ce s in co m ba ti ng po llu ti on a nd w as te m an ag em en t w it h ne ig hb ou ri ng co un tr ie s an d cr ea ti ng a kn ow le dg e ne tw or k on th e m ar in e an d co as ta l bi od iv er si ty o f th e Ea st A fr ic an co as t. bb)) IImm pprr oovv ee tthh ee bbuu ssii nn eess ss eenn vvii rroo nn mm ee ii) C re at e a "l eg is la ti ve c od e" fo r t he B lu e Ec on om y Le gi sl at io n re la te d to th e de ve lo pm en t o f th e B lu e A ve ra ge M IM A IP A ll M in is tr ie s N o. o f d ip lo m as up da te d N o. o f d ip lo m as co m pi le d in th e P ub lic at io n in B .R . V ir tu al p ag e 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 117 | 55 EE 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) nn tt bb yy ccrr eeaa ttii nn gg llee ggaa ll aa nn dd aadd mm iinn iiss ttrr aa ttii vvee ccoo nn ddii ttii oonn ss ((ii nn ccll uu ddii nn gg ddii sspp uu ttee rree ssoo lluu ttii oonn ,, ee-- ggoo vvee rrnn aann cc ee aann dd ssii mm ppll iiff iicc aatt ii oonn oo ff pprr oocc eedd uu rree ss )) ffaa vvoo uu rraa bbll ee ttoo pp uu bbll iicc aann dd pprr iivv aatt ee iinn vvee sstt mm eenn tt aa nn dd iinn ccee nn ttii vvee ss aann dd lliinn eess oo ff ffii nn aann ccii nn gg aadd jjuu sstt eedd ttoo tthh ee aacc ttii vvii ttii eess tthh aatt mm aakk ee uu pp tthh ee bbll uu ee eecc oonn oomm yy.. Ec on om y (p la nn in g, in ce nt iv es , le gi sl at io n an d re gu la ti on o f se ct or s) u pd at ed , st an da rd is ed a nd br ou gh t t og et he r in a s in gl e vi rt ua l do cu m en t ( or pa ge ) co de Cr ea te a n en vi ro nm en t f or th e ro ut in e re vi ew o f l eg al in st ru m en ts (a pp lic ab le to th e se a an d co as t) b y m ul ti se ct or al te am s th at in cl ud e re se ar ch er s w or ki ng a t s ea an d on th e co as t Le ga l in st ru m en ts up da te d w he ne ve r sc ie nt ifi c ev id en ce su gg es ts a ch an ge o r t re nd to w ar ds c ha ng e in u se s an d re so ur ce s fr om an a da pt iv e m an ag em en t pe rs pe ct iv e an d av ai la bl e on a pl at fo rm fo r di ss em in at in g re se ar ch re su lt s an d di sc us si ng le ga l i ns tr um en ts A ve ra ge M IM A IP M CT ES N o. o f i ns tr um en ts up da te d R ep or ts 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)118 | 56 EE 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) cc)) IImm pprr oovv iinn gg ccoo oorr ddii nn aatt iioo nn bb eett ww eeee nn ssee cctt oorr ss rree llaa ttee dd ttoo oocc eeaa nn ggoo vvee rrnn aann cc ee,, tthh ee bbll uu ee eecc oonn oomm yy aann dd sspp aatt iiaa ll ppll aann nn iinn gg,, aann dd bbee ttww eeee nn ccee nn ttrr aall aa nn dd lloo ccaa ll aadd mm iinn iiss ttrr aa ttii oonn ((dd eecc eenn ttrr aall ii ssaa ttii oonn aa nn dd ddee ccoo nn ccee nn ttrr aatt iioo nn oo ff ppoo ww eerr ss)) .. In te gr at e in to lo ca l p la nn in g, m an ag em en t an d se ct or al de ve lo pm en t in st ru m en ts th e gu id el in es o f t he di ff er en t I O Ts an d re gu la ti on s re la ti ng to co as ta l, m ar it im e an d in la nd w at er pl an ni ng a nd m an ag em en t an d th e de ve lo pm en t o f th e B lu e Ec on om y In cr ea si ng th e ca pa ci ty o f ce nt ra l, pr ov in ci al a nd lo ca l ad m in is tr at io n to de al w it h de co nc en tr at ed an d de ce nt ra lis ed m an ag em en t an d le gi sl at iv e pa ck ag es fo r sp at ia l p la nn in g an d th e de ve lo pm en t o f th e B lu e Ec on om y in co as ta l, m ar it im e an d in la nd w at er ar ea s in th e te rr it or ie s un de r th ei r j ur is di ct io n H ig h M IM A IP M TA , M IC U LT U R , M TC , pr ov in ci al st at e re pr es en ta t iv e bo di es , di st ri ct go ve rn m en ts , l oc al au th or it ie s, CS O s N o. o f c as es de vo lv ed to lo ca l ad m in is tr at io n M IM A IP R A & Q M TA R A & Q R A & Q o f t he go ve rn m en ts o f co as ta l d is tr ic ts an d m un ic ip al it ie s 20 24 20 34 dd)) DD eevv eell oopp aann dd eenn ssuu rree aacc ccee ssss ttoo aa ccrr eedd iibb llee ddaa ttaa bbaa ssee aann dd iinn ffoo rrmm aatt iioo nn ffoo rr iii ) D ra w u p a D ir ec to ry o f in ve st m en t op po rt un it ie s in th e bl ue ec on om y in M oz am bi qu e In fo rm at io n re la te d to in ve st m en t op po rt un it ie s in th e B lu e Ec on om y up da te d, st an da rd is ed , H ig h M EF M IM A IP , A P IE X D ir ec to ry d ra w n up In cl us io n in a vi rt ua l p la tf or m 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 119 | 57 EE 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) iinn vvee sstt mm eenn tt ii nn tthh ee bbll uu ee,, eenn vvii rroo nn mm ee nn ttaa ll aa nn dd ccii rrcc uu llaa rr eecc oonn oomm yy de ta ile d an d br ou gh t t og et he r in a B lu e Ec on om y po rt al ee)) PP rroo mm oott ee tthh ee eeqq uu aall ppaa rrtt iicc iipp aatt ii oonn oo ff ww oomm eenn aann dd yyoo uu nn gg ppee oopp llee iinn tthh ee mm aann aagg eemm ee nn tt oo ff nn aatt uu rraa ll rree ssoo uu rrcc eess Es ta bl is h pl at fo rm s to en er gi se th e in vo lv em en t o f w om en a nd yo un g pe op le in th e pl an ni ng , m an ag em en t, m on it or in g an d ev al ua ti on o f t he pr ot ec ti on a nd co ns er va ti on o f na tu ra l re so ur ce s Ci vi l s oc ie ty or ga ni sa ti on s as so ci at ed w it h fe m al e em po w er m en t an d th e m ot iv at io n of yo un g pe op le tr ai ne d an d in vo lv ed in th e m an ag em en t o f th e co as ta l, m ar in e an d in la nd w at er en vi ro nm en t a nd it s re so ur ce s P ub lic p ri va te an d co m m un it y pa rt ne rs hi ps es ta bl is he d to de si gn pr og ra m m es in vo lv in g w om en an d yo un g CS O s, lo ca l co m m un it ie s, yo ut h as so ci at io ns M IM A IP M TA , P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt a ti ve B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , L oc al A ut ho ri ti es , CS O s, N G O s, P ri va te Se ct or N o. o f c om m un it ie s, N G O s an d CB O s in vo lv in g w om en an d yo un g pe op le in c oa st al , m ar it im e an d in la nd w at er w ay s de ve lo pm en t, w it h tr ai ni ng in n at ur al re so ur ce m an ag em en t M IM A IP R A & Q 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)120 | 58 EE 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) pe op le in th e pl an ni ng , m an ag em en t, m on it or in g an d ev al ua ti on o f in te rv en ti on s ai m ed a t pr ot ec ti ng a nd co ns er vi ng na tu ra l re so ur ce s OO rrgg aann iiss aatt ii oonn f) E ns ur e co or di na ti o n be tw ee n th e va ri ou s pl an s th at af fe ct m ar it im e sp ac e, co as ta l zo ne s an d in la nd w at er s, in or de r t o gu ar an te e ap pr op ri at e pl an ni ng o f th es e sp ac es a nd th e su st ai na bl e iv ) D ra w u p an d im pl em en t t he N at io na l C oa st al M an ag em en t P ol ic y Th e N at io na l Co as ta l M an ag em en t P ol ic y (P N G C) w as d ra w n up an d im pl em en te d w it hi n fiv e ye ar s as th e m ai n in st ru m en t f or co as ta l m an ag em en t. 6600 ..00 0000 H ig h G ov er nm en t an d lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s M IM A IP M IR EM E, M A EF P , M A D ER , M IM A IP , D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , L oc al Co un ci ls R el at iv el y si m pl e: P O EM a nd EG IZ C al re ad y pr ov id e gu id el in es fo r d oi ng th is P O EM d ir ec ti ve s in te gr at ed in to n ew de ci si on s to re ne w m in in g an d hy dr oc ar bo n co nc es si on s P ub lic at io n of up da te d di st ri ct P D U Ts 20 24 20 26 v) In te gr at e th e ec on om ic u se s an d ac ti vi ti es th at a ff ec t t he co as ta l s tr ip a nd te rr it or ia l s ea in to th e P D U T an d P EU , b ea ri ng in m in d th e Ec on om ic u se s an d ac ti vi ti es su ch a s to ur is m (Z IT ), m in in g an d hy dr oc ar bo n co nc es si on s, in te gr at ed in to th e P D U T an d P EU H ig h G ov er nm en t an d lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s, pa rt ne rs a nd pr iv at e in ve st or s M TA M IR EM E, M A EF P , M A D ER , M IM A IP , D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , L oc al Co un ci ls R el at iv el y si m pl e: P O EM a nd EG IZ C al re ad y pr ov id e gu id el in es fo r d oi ng th is R ea lis at io n of th e P N G C P ub lic at io n of up da te d SI P s fo r c oa st al ur ba n se tt le m en ts 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 121 | 59 EE 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) m an ag em e nt o f t he ir re so ur ce s an d th e us es a nd ac ti vi ti es th at ta ke pl ac e in th em . gu id el in es o f t he P O EM (M an ag em en t G ui de lin es fo r t he M ar it im e Sp ac e) . g) P er fe ct in g th e ap pr op ri at e m ix o f u se s an d ac ti vi ti es th at w ill en ab le a su st ai na bl e ec os ys te m in th e lo ng te rm , t he so ci o ec on om ic in te gr at io n of co m m un it i es a nd ba si c in fr as tr uc t ur e, in pa rt ic ul ar to s up po rt th es e co m m un it i es , f is hi ng an d vi ) D ef in e cr it er ia an d m et ho do lo gi es to in cl ud e th e gu id el in es o f t he P O EM in in ve st m en t pr oj ec ts , A A SE an d en vi ro nm en ta l im pa ct as se ss m en t ex er ci se s an d in co nc es si on co nt ra ct s an d ut ili sa ti on ti tl es (D U A T an d TU P EM ). Cr it er ia a nd m et ho do lo gi es ha ve b ee n de fin ed to su pp or t c oa st al di st ri ct s an d m un ic ip al it ie s in in co rp or at in g th e R ul es o f U se / M an ag em en t G ui de lin es fo r M ar it im e Sp ac e in to th ei r I O Ts : P O EM z on in g pa ra m et er s: in te gr at ed in to a t le as t 6 0 pe r c en t of th e zo ni ng o f th e P D U Ts o f co as ta l d is tr ic ts an d 80 p er c en t of th e zo ni ng o f th e P EU s of co as ta l t ow ns b y 20 30 . R ef le ct ed in sp ac e, th ro ug h H ig h G ov er nm en t an d lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s M TA M IM A IP , M TA , M A D ER , M IC U LT U R , M TC , M IR EM E, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , M un ic ip al it i es R el at iv el y si m pl e: th e P O EM al re ad y gi ve s gu id el in es fo r d oi ng th is N o. o f P D U Ts in co as ta l d is tr ic ts w it h in te gr at ed P O EM M an ag em en t G ui de lin es N o. o f P O EM M an ag em en t G ui de lin es in te gr at ed in to A A SE a nd E IA pr ac ti ce s P ub lic at io ns in th e O ff ic ia l G az et te M IM A IP R A & Q M TA R A & Q 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)122 | 60 EE 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) to ur is m . th e in cl us io n in co nc es si on co nt ra ct s an d ut ili sa ti on ti tl es (D U A T an d TU P EM ) o f t he us es d et er m in ed by th e di ff er en t sp at ia l p la nn in g in st ru m en ts , in co rp or at in g P O EM d ir ec ti ve s R ul es o f U se / M an ag em en t G ui de lin es fo r M ar it im e Sp ac e re fle ct ed in up da te d ES A ex er ci se s, En vi ro nm en ta l Im pa ct A ss es sm en t, En vi ro nm en ta l A ud it in g an d R eg ul at io ns (O il O pe ra ti on s an d EI A P ro ce ss ) h) En ha nc e/ r ec ov er co as ta l ha bi ta ts th at co nt ri bu te to in cr ea si ng vi i) Im pr ov e an d ke ep u p to d at e th e m ap pi ng o f us es a nd ac ti vi ti es c ar ri ed ou t i n th e na ti on al m ar it im e sp ac e, up da ti ng a nd Th e m ap pi ng o f m ar in e an d co as ta l h ab it at s ha s be en up da te d an d re fin ed , w it h pa rt ic ul ar em ph as is o n se ns it iv e an d 3300 00.. 0000 00 H ig h G ov er nm en t an d lo ca l or ga ni sa ti on s M IM A IP M TA / A N A C, M IC U LT U R , M IR EM E, ac ad em ia , N G O s Co m pl ex : in vo lv es de ta ile d st ud ie s N o. o f c on fli ct s id en ti fie d O cc up ie d ar ea , ec ol og ic al s ta tu s an d tr en d of a re as of h ig h bi ol og ic al va lu e U pd at ed co ns er va ti on a re a P O EM W eb SI G A nn ua l r ep or ts as se ss in g th e st at us o f a re as of h ig h bi ol og ic al v al ue U pd at ed co ns er va ti on ar ea 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 123 | 61 EE 11 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) co as ta l re si lie nc e, m in im is in g pr es su re s su ch a s co as ta l er os io n an d th e de st ru ct io n of n at ur al re so ur ce s an d pr ot ec ti on s re fin in g th e m ap pi ng o f m ar in e an d co as ta l h ab it at s, w it h pa rt ic ul ar em ph as is o n se ns it iv e ha bi ta ts th at a re im po rt an t f or th e pr ot ec ti on o f bi od iv er si ty a nd co as ta l e ro si on . im po rt an t ha bi ta ts fo r t he pr ot ec ti on o f bi od iv er si ty M ap pi ng o f u se s an d ac ti vi ti es in th e na ti on al m ar it im e sp ac e im pr ov ed a nd ke pt u p to d at e m an ag em en t p la ns m an ag em en t pl an s CC RR OO SS SS CC UU TT TT IINN GG AA XX IISS 22 .. KK NN OO WW LLEE DD GG EE,, IINN NN OO VV AA TT IIOO NN AA NN DD TT EECC HH NN OO LLOO GG IIEE SS EE 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) ((aa )) iinn ccrr eeaa ssee kk nn ooww llee ddgg ee ,, tt hh ee sscc iiee nn ttii ffii cc bbaa ssee aa nn dd tthh ee ddee vvee lloo ppmm ee nn tt oo ff rree ssee aarr cchh ccaa ppaa ccii ttii eess aann dd mm aarr iinn ee iii ) T o de ve lo p a m ar it im e, c oa st al an d in la nd w at er w ay s in no va ti on pl at fo rm /n et w or k, w hi ch w ill m ak e it p os si bl e to d is se m in at e an d sh ar e go od pr ac ti ce s an d in ce nt iv es R EI CI M re vi se d to in cl ud e ne gl ec te d sc ie nt ifi c ar ea s (e .g . c ul tu re a nd to ur is m ) a nd th e w ho le o f m ar it im e sp ac e, in la nd w at er s an d co as ta l zo ne s Th e cr ea ti on o f sp ec ifi c re se ar ch 2255 ..00 0000 M IM A IP M CT ES / (M oR EN et ) M IC U LT U R , M IR EM E an d ot he r m in is tr ie s U ni ve rs it ie s, ac ad em ia , pu bl ic re se ar ch in st it ut io ns , N G O s N o. o f s ci en ti fic a nd ge og ra ph ic al a re as co ve re d by R EI CI M N o. a nd ty pe o f ac ti vi ti es fi na nc ed N o. o f p ro m ot io na l ca m pa ig ns la un ch ed N o. o f w om en in vo lv ed N o. o f s ea R ep or t o n fu nd ed ac ti vi ti es A ct iv it y re po rt 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)124 | 62 EE 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) ttee cchh nn ooll oogg ii eess ,, ii nn ppaa rrtt iicc uu llaa rr tthh ooss ee rree llaa ttee dd ttoo mm aarr iinn ee,, ccoo aass ttaa ll aa nn dd iinn llaa nn dd ww aatt eerr rree ssoo uu rrcc eess ,, aann dd ttoo tthh ee ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt ii oonn oo ff bbii oodd iivv eerr ssii tt yy aann dd iitt ss vvaa lluu eess ,, ii nn oorr ddee rr tt oo iimm pprr oovv ee tthh ee hh eeaa lltt hh ooff tthh ee oocc eeaa nn ss aann dd iinn ccrr eeaa ssee tthh ee ccoo nn ttrr iibb uu ttii oo nn oo ff mm aarr iinn ee bbii oodd iivv eerr ssii tt yy ttoo ddee vvee lloo ppmm ee nn tt am on g in no va to rs , en tr ep re ne ur s an d ot he r pl ay er s, pa rt ic ul ar ly fin an ci al o ne s, fo r th e re al is at io n of in no va ti ve in it ia ti ve s. fu nd s/ pr og ra m m es (p ro je ct s) an d hi gh er ed uc at io n pr og ra m m es (d oc to ra l sc ho la rs hi ps ) de di ca te d to m ar in e, in la nd w at er w ay s an d co as ta l z on e re se ar ch , w it h th e po te nt ia l t o be a da pt ed to R EI CI M re se ar ch in ne w a re as th at m ay b e ju st ifi ed . Ex is ti ng pr og ra m m es fo r w om en 's in vo lv em en t i n oc ea n re se ar ch cr ea te d or im pr ov ed , re du ci ng th e ga p be tw ee n m en 's an d w om en 's pa rt ic ip at io n in oc ea n re se ar ch ac ti vi ti es b y 50 % by 2 03 0 an d el im in at in g th is ga p by 2 04 0 D ev el op re se ar ch ne tw or ks a s en vi sa ge d in EC TI M a nd in co rp or at e m ar in e re se ar ch re se ar ch er ne tw or ks c re at ed or re vi ta lis ed N o. o f p ro fe ss io na ls af fil ia te d to ne tw or ks o f m ar in e re se ar ch er s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 125 | 63 EE 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) as a fo cu s ar ea 50 % o f pr of es si on al s sh ar in g kn ow le dg e an d in fo rm at io n ab ou t t he s ea th ro ug h fo rm al an d in fo rm al ch an ne ls bb)) BB oooo sstt iinn gg mm aajj oorr ggoo vvee rrnn mm ee nn tt pp rroo jjee cctt ss aann dd iinn iitt iiaa ttii vvee ss oopp eerr aatt iinn gg iinn tthh ee mm aarr iitt iimm ee sspp aacc ee,, ccoo aass ttaa ll zzoo nn eess aa nn dd iinn llaa nn dd ww aatt eerr ss,, aann dd iinn vvoo llvv iinn gg tthh ee pprr iivv aatt ee ssee cctt oorr aa nn dd tthh ee pprr oodd uu cctt iivv ee ssee cctt oorr ,, iinn ccll uu ddii nn gg tthh ee ii) S tr en gt he ni ng th e ne tw or k of in fr as tr uc tu re s fo r d ev el op in g an d in cu ba ti ng R & D a nd in no va ti on pr oj ec ts a nd fo r ac ce le ra ti ng id ea s an d bu si ne ss es (b us in es s fa ct or ie s) , b ot h in re se ar ch c en tr es lin ke d to un iv er si ti es a nd in o th er s ci en ce an d te ch no lo gy ce nt re s, a nd th e po ss ib le u se o f pu bl ic p ri va te pa rt ne rs hi ps in th ei r f in an ci ng R es ea rc h op po rt un it ie s cr ea te d in e qu al nu m be rs to go ve rn m en t pr oj ec ts a nd in it ia ti ve s fo cu ss in g on th e se a an d co as t. R ev is ed p ro je ct ap pr ov al c ri te ri a, en su ri ng th at ne w p ro je ct s in cl ud e a re se ar ch co m po ne nt in ad di ti on to de ve lo pm en t. A le gi sl at iv e fr am ew or k ha s be en e st ab lis he d to fa ci lit at e th e cr ea ti on o f 2255 00.. 0000 00 M IM A IP M CT ES , M IR EM E, M TC , o th er m in is tr ie s, Co un ci l o f M in is te rs N o. o f c om pl et ed m ar in e su rv ey s ca rr ie d ou t u nd er m aj or p ro je ct s an d go ve rn m en t in it ia ti ve s R ep or ts 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)126 | 64 EE 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) nn aatt iioo nn aall ssee cctt oorr ,, ii nn ccaa rrrr yyii nn gg oouu tt bb aass iicc rree ssee aarr cchh aann dd ttrr aann ssff oorr mm ii nn gg iitt iinn ttoo aapp ppll iiee dd rree ssee aarr cchh ,, aann dd ffuu nn ddii nn gg rree ssee aarr cchh ,, eess ttaa bbll iiss hh iinn gg nn eeww rree ssee aarr cchh oopp ppoo rrtt uu nn iitt ii eess ((oo rr sstt rree nn ggtt hh eenn iinn gg eexx iiss ttii nn gg oonn eess )).. an d m an ag em en t. in te lle ct ua l pr op er ty ri gh ts on p at en ts , w he th er in di vi du al o r sh ar ed b et w ee n va ri ou s en ti ti es , w he th er p ub lic o r pr iv at e, s uc h as un iv er si ti es , sc ie nc e ce nt re s an d ot he rs , co m pa ni es o r in di vi du al s. cc)) IImm pprr oovv ee tthh ee sspp eecc iiff iicc ttrr aaii nn iinn gg ooff ffee rr ff oorr hh uu mm aann rree ssoo uu rrcc eess iinn tthh ee ddii ffff eerr eenn tt aacc ttii vvii ttii eess i) Cr ea te n ew fo rm al co ur se s/ re in fo rc e ex is ti ng o ne s, an d pr om ot e in te rn sh ip s an d pr ac ti ca l t ra in in g re la te d to h um an re so ur ce N ew fo rm al co ur se s re la te d to a ct iv it ie s ta ki ng p la ce in m ar it im e sp ac e cr ea te d an d ca pa ci ty ex pa nd ed in ov er cr ow de d M CT ES M IM A IP , M IC U LT U R , M IR EM E; F N I (M CT ES ), A ca de m ia / In st it ut es / St at e bo di es th at m an ag e ac ti vi ti es in N o. o f s tu de nt s at te nd in g/ gr ad ua ti ng fr om n ew co ur se s N o. o f co ur se s/ se m in ar s/ tr ai ni ng s of fe re d N o. o f p ar ti ci pa nt s in tr ai ni ng R ep or ts o n ne w ca pa ci ty bu ild in g ac ti vi ti es Tr ai ni ng re po rt s Se le ct io n pr oc es s an d fu nd in g re po rt 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 127 | 65 EE 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) tthh aatt ttaa kk ee ppll aacc ee iinn tthh ee mm aarr iitt iimm ee sspp aacc ee,, ccoo aass ttaa ll zzoo nn eess aa nn dd iinn llaa nn dd ww aatt eerr ss.. ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g an d th e de ve lo pm en t o f ac ti vi ti es ta ki ng pl ac e in th e m ar it im e sp ac e co ur se s: 5 0% re du ct io n in th e ne ed fo r t ra in in g ab ro ad A dd it io na l tr ai ni ng op po rt un it ie s ha ve b ee n cr ea te d an d a lin e of fu nd in g in cl ud ed in th e N at io na l R es ea rc h Fu nd (F N I) fo r or ga ni si ng se as on al tr ai ni ng : 5 0% o f pr of es si on al s at te nd a dd it io na l tr ai ni ng a nd im pr ov em en t co ur se s In te rn sh ip an d/ or e xc ha ng e pr og ra m m es s et up : 2 5% o f pr of es si on al s ta ke p ar t i n ex ch an ge /i nt er n sh ip a ct iv it ie s th e m ar it im e sp ac e ac ti vi ti es N o. o f a ct iv it ie s ca rr ie d ou t N o. o f p ar ti ci pa nt s Ex ch an ge /i nt er ns hi p re po rt s iv ) I m pr ov e th e A pp ro pr ia te 2200 ..00 0000 M IM A IP M IM A IP , N o. o f p ro fe ss io na ls Tr ai ni ng re po rt s 20 24 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)128 | 66 EE 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) le ve l o f t ra in in g of fi sh in g an d aq ua cu lt ur e pr of es si on al s, pa rt ic ul ar ly in te rm s of te ch ni ca l a nd sc ie nt ifi c kn ow le dg e, in no va ti on a nd pr om ot in g th e us e of m or e ef fic ie nt a nd en vi ro nm en ta lly su st ai na bl e te ch no lo gy o r eq ui pm en t i n fis hi ng , aq ua cu lt ur e pr od uc ti on , co ns er va ti on a nd fis h pr oc es si ng ac ti vi ti es . tr ai ni ng pr og ra m m es cr ea te d: 2 5% o f pr of es si on al s to at te nd tr ai ni ng by 2 02 7; 4 0% b y 20 40 A ca de m y us in g ne w te ch no lo gi es in fis he ri es in cl ud in g en ro lm en t a nd at te nd an ce re co rd s 20 26 dd)) IIdd eenn ttii ffyy iinn nn oovv aatt iivv ee iinn iitt iiaa ttii vvee ss rree llaa ttee dd ttoo tthh ee mm aarr iitt iimm ee sspp aacc ee,, ccoo aass ttaa ll zzoo nn eess aa nn dd iinn llaa nn dd Es ta bl is h a pl at fo rm fo r re gi st er in g R es ea rc h an d D ev el op m en t (R & D ) a nd K no w le dg e ac ti vi ti es , w hi ch w ill e na bl e in no va ti on s to b e In no va ti on re gi st ra ti on pl at fo rm c re at ed . D ev el op m en t an d in cu ba ti on in fr as tr uc tu re s fo r R & D p ro je ct s ha ve b ee n cr ea te d, in th e ea rl y st ag es o f M CT ES M IM A IP , A ca de m y Es ta bl is he d pl at fo rm N o. o f R & D p ro je ct re gi st ra ti on s N o. a nd ch ar ac te ri st ic s of pu bl ic p ri va te pa rt ne rs hi ps R eg ul ar s ta tu s an d pr og re ss re po rt s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 129 | 67 EE 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) ww aatt eerr ss aann dd ww aayy ss ttoo pprr oomm oott ee tthh ee ddii ssss eemm iinn aatt iioo nn aa nn dd ddee vvee lloo ppmm ee nn tt oo ff tt hh iiss iinn nn oovv aatt iioo nn .. re gi st er ed a nd in fo rm at io n to b e co lle ct ed o n on go in g re se ar ch an d in no va ti on s an d po ss ib le ne ed s fo r pa rt ne rs hi ps , fu nd in g an d re se ar ch er s. th e id ea 's de ve lo pm en t, ei th er in re se ar ch ce nt re s lin ke d to un iv er si ti es o r i n ot he r s ci en ce a nd te ch no lo gy ce nt re s (w it h th e po ss ib le s al e of se rv ic es to th ir d pa rt ie s, s uc h as re se ar ch o r la bo ra to ry se rv ic es ), an d th e po ss ib le u se o f pu bl ic p ri va te pa rt ne rs hi ps in th ei r f in an ci ng an d m an ag em en t. P ub lic p ri va te pa rt ne rs hi ps ai m ed a t b et te r co m bi ni ng th e re so ur ce s an d kn ow le dg e he ld by e ac h pa rt y, id ea lly w it h th e in vo lv em en t o f th e co m m un it ie s co nc er ne d, in or de r t o op ti m is e an d cr ea te th e co nd it io ns fo r t he vi ab ili ty a nd su st ai na bi lit y of in no va ti ve in it ia ti ve s. P ro m ot in g a A le ga l . Le gi sl at iv e co de Le gi sl at iv e BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)130 | 68 EE 22 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rr ss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt an d en d) le ga l re gu la to ry fr am ew or k th at en co ur ag es th e cr ea ti on o f co m pa ni es in th e ea rl y st ag es o f th ei r l ife (s ta rt up s) a nd p ri va te fin an ci ng fo r th es e st ag es , na m el y se ed ca pi ta l a nd ve nt ur e ca pi ta l, am on g ot he r so ur ce s of pr iv at e or m ix ed fin an ci ng , u si ng fu nd s an d fin an ci ng e nt it ie s sp ec ia lis ed in fin an ci ng th is ty pe o f B lu e Ec on om y pr oj ec ts , n am el y pu bl ic , n on go ve rn m en ta l, so ci al de ve lo pm en t, "g re en " a nd "b lu e" , a m on g ot he rs , b ut a ls o so ci al c ap it al a nd en vi ro nm en ta l co un te rb al an ce s re gu la to ry fr am ew or k ha s be en e st ab lis he d to e nc ou ra ge th e cr ea ti on o f co m pa ni es in th e ea rl y st ag es o f lif e an d pr iv at e fin an ci ng fo r th es e st ag es im pl em en te d pu bl ic at io n BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 131 | 69 CC RR OO SS SS CC UU TT TT IINN GG AA XX IISS 33 :: CC LLII MM AA TT EE CC HH AA NN GG EE EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) aa)) EE nn ssuu rree ee aarr llyy ,, pprr eevv eenn ttii vvee aa nn dd mm iinn iimm iiss iinn gg aacc ttii oonn oo nn tthh ee ccaa uu ssee ss ooff ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee ,, ccoo nn ttaa iinn iinn gg mm eeaa ssuu rree ss ttoo mm iitt iigg aatt ee ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee bb yy aadd ddrr eess ssii nn gg aann tthh rroo ppoo ggee nn iicc eemm iiss ssii oonn ss bbyy ssoo uu rrcc eess aa nn dd rree mm oovv aall ss bbyy oouu ttll eett ss ooff aa llll ggrr eeee nn hh oouu ssee ggaa ssee ss nn oott ccoo nn ttrr ooll llee dd bbyy tthh ee MM oonn ttrr eeaa ll PP rroo ttoo ccoo ll,, aann dd ttoo aadd aapp tt tt oo tthh ee iimm ppaa cctt ss ooff ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee bbyy dd eevv eell oopp iinn gg aann dd ddrr aaww iinn gg uu pp aapp pprr oopp rrii aatt ee aann dd iinn ttee ggrr aatt eedd pp llaa nn ss ffoo rr tt hh ee mm aann aagg eemm eenn tt oo ff ii) In ve st in co m bi ne d in te rv en ti on ac ti on s to s av e gr ee nh ou se ga s em is si on s fr om th e va ri ou s se ct or s, pr om ot in g in it ia ti ve s to re pl ac e hi gh ca rb on , n on re ne w ab le fu el s w it h lo w ca rb on o r re ne w ab le fu el s N um be r a nd ch ar ac te ri st ic s of p ro je ct s R eg ul ar s ta tu s an d pr og re ss re po rt s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)132 | 70 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) ccoo aass ttaa ll zz oonn eess ,, ww aatt eerr rree ssoo uu rrcc eess aann dd aagg rrii ccuu lltt uu rraa ll rree ssoo uu rrcc eess ,, aa ss ww eell ll aa ss ffoo rr tt hh ee pprr oott eecc ttii oonn aa nn dd rree hh aabb iillii ttaa ttii oonn oo ff aarr eeaa ss aaff ffee cctt eedd bbyy dd rroo uu gghh tt aa nn dd ddee ssee rrtt iiff iicc aatt iioo nn ,, aann dd ffll oooo ddii nn gg bb)) IImm ppll eemm eenn tt ppll aann ss ttoo aa ddaa pptt aann dd mm iitt iigg aatt ee ssuu sscc eepp ttii bbii lliitt yy ttoo ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee ,, aass ww eell ll aa ss ssuu sstt aaii nn aabb llee rrii sskk aann dd ccoo aass ttaa ll ttee rrrr iitt oorr yy mm aann aagg eemm eenn tt mm oodd eell ss bbyy iinn vvee sstt iinn gg iinn //dd eevv eell oopp iinn gg sscc iiee nn ttii ffii cc kk nn ooww llee ddgg ee oonn ccuu rrrr eenn tt cc ooaa sstt aall ddyy nn aamm iicc ss aann dd ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee sscc eenn aarr iioo ss,, aadd oopp ttii nn gg ccoo aass ttaa ll R ev ie w in g th e le ga l a nd in st it ut io na l fr am ew or k fo r re du ci ng th e vu ln er ab ili ty o f co as ta l z on es to c lim at e ch an ge a nd m or e sp ec ifi ca lly to m ed iu m a nd lo ng t er m ex po su re to er os io n an d ov er to pp in g A t l ea st o ne le ga l in st ru m en t p er m in is tr y an d pe r pr ov in ce re vi ew ed a nd ap pr ov ed in re sp on se to cl im at e vu ln er ab ili ty an d, m or e sp ec ifi ca lly , m ed iu m an d lo ng t er m ex po su re to er os io n an d ov er to pp in g B y 20 24 , 5 0 pe r ce nt o f c oa st al di st ri ct s w ill ha ve th ei r M TA M A D ER , M IM A IP , M O P H R H , M TC , M IC U LT U R , M IR EM E, M A EF P N o. o f s ec to ra l le ga l in st ru m en ts th at in te gr at e cl im at e ch an ge is su es N o. o f pr ov in ci al le ga l in st ru m en ts th at in te gr at e cl im at e ch an ge is su es N o. o f P LA A Cs dr aw n up (w it h ad ap ta ti on ) an d re vi se d P ub lic at io n of pl an s an d th ei r re vi si on s 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 133 | 71 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) pprr oott eecc ttii oonn mm eett hh oodd ss iinn llii nn ee ww iitt hh iinn ttee rrnn aatt iioo nn aall bbee sstt pp rraa cctt iicc ee ((nn aatt uu rree bb aass eedd pprr oott eecc ttii oonn ssoo lluu ttii oonn ss)) aa nn dd aavv ooii ddii nn gg ppll aann nn iinn gg aann dd iinn ttee rrvv eenn ttii oonn eerr rroo rrss rree ccoo ggnn iiss eedd oo nn oott hh eerr cc ooaa sstt lliinn eess .. P LA A Cs ad ap te d; b y 20 27 al l c oa st al di st ri ct s w ill ha ve th ei r P LA A Cs ad ap te d, in cl ud in g pr ov is io ns th at ta ke in to ac co un t ex po su re to er os io n an d ov er to pp in g P er io di c re vi ew of th e P LA A Cs en su re d: a m ax im um o f fiv e ye ar s in di st ri ct s w it h an ex po su re in de x eq ua l t o or gr ea te r t ha n hi gh , 1 0 ye ar s in th e ot he rs i) P ro m ot e co as ta l in fr as tr uc tu re s an d fa ci lit ie s th at a re re si lie nt to cl im at ic ph en om en a Th e m os t ap pr op ri at e ad ap ta ti on st ra te gi es (in cl ud in g pl an ne d re tr ea t, pr ot ec ti on M TA M IM A IP , M TA / A N A C, M IC U LT U R , Lo ca l A ut ho ri ti es , P ro vi nc ia l S ta te R ep re se nt at iv e N um be r a nd ch ar ac te ri st ic s of p ro je ct s R eg ul ar re po rt s as se ss in g th e si tu at io n an d pr og re ss 20 24 20 26 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)134 | 72 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) an d co as ta l er os io n, w it h th e ai m o f re du ci ng th e vu ln er ab ili ty o f co as ta l co m m un it ie s, to ur is t de ve lo pm en ts an d ha rb ou r ar ea s to th e ef fe ct s of cl im at e ch an ge , ad op ti ng co as ta l pr ot ec ti on m et ho ds in li ne w it h in te rn at io na l be st p ra ct ic e (n at ur e ba se d pr ot ec ti on so lu ti on s) . th ro ug h ar ti fic ia l no ur is hm en t o r lig ht a nd h ea vy en gi ne er in g w or ks , o r ac co m m od at io n) ar e es ta bl is he d on a c as e by ca se b as is B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , A ca de m ia , N G O s, C SO s cc)) DD eeee ppee nn iinn gg iinn iitt iiaa ttii vvee ss rree llaa ttee dd ttoo tthh ee ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt iioo nn aann dd rree sstt oorr aatt iioo nn ooff mm aann ggrr oovv ee ffoo rree sstt ss,, ssee aagg rraa ssss mm eeaa ddoo ww ss,, ss aall tt mm aarr sshh eess aa nn dd// oorr ccoo rraa ll rr eeee ffss aa nn dd iinn ccrr eeaa ssii nn gg tthh ee nn uu mm bbee rr aa nn dd// oorr ssii zzee oo ff ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt iioo nn aarr eeaa ss tthh aatt iinn ttee ggrr aatt ee tthh eess ee eecc ooss yyss ttee mm ss tthh aatt iii ) E st ab lis h ar ea s fo r t he pr ot ec ti on an d/ or re st or at io n of ec os ys te m s th at c on tr ib ut e to c oa st al pr ot ec ti on , a re a re fu ge fo r m ar in e sp ec ie s an d ha bi ta ts an d en ha nc e bl ue c ar bo n (m an gr ov e fo re st s, se ag ra ss m ea do w s, s al t A re a oc cu pi ed by m ar in e an d co as ta l ec os ys te m s of im po rt an ce fo r th e m ai nt en an ce of b io di ve rs it y an d fo r t he pr ot ec ti on a nd re si lie nc e of co as ta l z on es m ai nt ai ne d or in cr ea se d En vi ro nm en ta l aw ar en es s an d di ss em in at io n M TA M TA / A N A C, M IM A IP , A ca de m y % a re a oc cu pi ed b y ec os ys te m s th at co nt ri bu te to co as ta l re si lie nc e N o. o f re st or at io n in it ia ti ve s N o. o f aw ar en es s ra is in g an d di ss em in at io n ac ti on s N o. o f Co ns er va ti on ar ea m an ag em en t pl an s P ub lic at io n in B .R . M on it or in g re po rt o n m ar in e an d co as ta l ec os ys te m s R ep or ts o n en vi ro nm en ta l aw ar en es s pr og ra m m es 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 135 | 73 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) ppll aayy aa ffuu nn ddaa mm eenn ttaa ll rroo llee aa ss ccaa rrbb oonn ssii nn kk ss,, ee xx ppll oorr iinn gg tthh ee ppoo ssss iibb iillii ttyy oo ff eess ttaa bbll iiss hh iinn gg aarr eeaa ss ffoo rr tt hh ee pprr oott eecc ttii oonn oo rr eevv eenn rree sstt oorr aatt iioo nn oo ff tthh eess ee ((bb lluu ee ccaa rrbb oonn )) eecc ooss yyss ttee mm ss,, bb uu tt ttaa kk iinn gg iinn ttoo aacc ccoo uu nn tt tt hh ee ttrr aadd iitt iioo nn aall uu ssee ss ooff mm aann ggrr oovv eess bbyy cc ooaa sstt aall ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss aann dd tthh ee sspp eecc iiff iicc iitt iiee ss ooff eeaa cchh ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt yy ssoo tthh aatt ss uu sstt aaii nn aabb llee aall ttee rrnn aatt iivv eess cc aann bbee iidd eenn ttii ffii eedd .. m ar sh es an d/ or c or al re ef s) , i n co nj un ct io n w it h co as ta l co m m un it ie s so th at su st ai na bl e al te rn at iv es ca n be id en ti fie d. pr og ra m m es fo cu se d on th e su st ai na bl e us e, pr ot ec ti on a nd re ha bi lit at io n of m ar in e an d co as ta l ec os ys te m s of im po rt an ce to co as ta l re si lie nc e cr ea te d an d im pl em en te d D ev el op in g sp ec ifi c pa rt ic ip at or y m an ag em en t to ol s fo r ec os ys te m s to en ab le su st ai na bl e ut ili sa ti on o f re so ur ce s an d m or e ef fe ct iv e pr ot ec ti on o f th es e ar ea s (s im ila r t o th e re ce nt M an ga l M an ag em en t St ra te gy ). A ct io ns to pr ot ec t, ex pa nd an d re st or e de gr ad ed ec os ys te m s (p la nt in g an d re pl an ti ng m an gr ov es a nd , if po ss ib le , pa rt ic ip an ts in aw ar en es s ra is in g an d di ss em in at io n in it ia ti ve s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)136 | 74 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) su bm er ge d an d du ne v eg et at io n an d co ra l sp ec ie s) . dd)) PP rroo vvii ddii nn gg ffoo rr ""nn oo uu ssee "" aa rree aass ((nn oo hh uu mm aann aacc ttii vvii ttii eess oo rr hh uu mm aann pprr eess eenn ccee oo ff aa nn yy kk iinn dd)) tthh aatt cc aann ppll aayy aa nn iimm ppoo rrtt aann tt rr ooll ee iinn aa ddaa pptt iinn gg ccoo aass ttaa ll zz oonn eess ttoo tthh ee eeff ffee cctt ss ooff ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee ,, aall lloo ww iinn gg ffoo rr tt hh ee nn aatt uu rraa ll ddyy nn aamm iicc ss ooff ccoo aass ttaa ll eecc ooss yyss ttee mm ss oonn tthh ee oonn ee hh aann dd ((ee ..gg .. rr eett rree aatt aa nn dd aadd vvaa nn ccee oo ff tt hh ee ccoo aass ttll iinn ee iinn ssaa nn ddyy ss ttrr iipp ss)) aann dd pprr oott eecc ttii nn gg hh uu mm aann ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss ffrr oomm tthh eess ee cchh aann ggee ss oonn tthh ee In cr ea se th e ar ea s se t a si de fo r t he to ta l o r st ri ct pr ot ec ti on o f bi ol og ic al re so ur ce s, pa rt ic ul ar ly in ar ea s w he re co as ta l ec os ys te m s oc cu r t ha t a re re le va nt to ad ap ti ng co as ta l z on es to th e ef fe ct s of c lim at e ch an ge , al lo w in g fo r th e na tu ra l dy na m ic s of co as ta l ec os ys te m s on th e on e ha nd (e .g . r et re at an d ad va nc e of th e co as tl in e in sa nd y st ri ps ) 10 % o f t he na ti on al m ar in e ar ea d es ti ne d fo r to ta l p ro te ct io n ar ea s w it ho ut an y ty pe o f ex tr ac ti ve ac ti vi ty D ev el op ed a nd es ta bl is he d gu id el in es to gu ar an te e th e sa fe gu ar di ng o f na tu ra l re so ur ce s an d va lu es , t he sa fe gu ar di ng o f co as ta l r is ks a nd th e sa fe gu ar di ng an d m an ag em en t o f th e m ar it im e pu bl ic d om ai n Th e ph ys ic al a nd oc cu pa ti on al fa ct or s of th e M TA M IM A IP , M TA / A N A C, M IC U LT U R , M TC , P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt at iv e B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , Lo ca l A ut ho ri ti es , N G O s, C SO s % o f a re a w it h fu ll pr ot ec ti on Ce nt ra lis ed da ta ba se fo r m an ag in g th e ev ol ut io n of th e co as ta l sy st em in re la ti on to la nd u se N o. o f a ct io ns to m on it or th e us e of s pa ce on th e co as ta l st ri p R ep or ts o n th e ef fe ct o f co ns er va ti on ar ea s on th e pr ot ec ti on o f th re at en ed ha bi ta ts a nd sp ec ie s A N A C' s R A & Q 20 24 20 25 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 137 | 75 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) oott hh eerr ((ee ..gg .. ll ooss ss ooff iinn ffrr aass ttrr uu cctt uu rree )),, lloo ssss oo ff iinn ffrr aass ttrr uu cctt uu rree )),, aann dd tthh ee pprr oott eecc ttii oonn aa nn dd ccoo nn ssee rrvv aatt iioo nn oo ff ""cc lliimm aatt ee rree ffuu ggee ss"" iiss ccoo nn ssii ddee rree dd aa ""ss mm aarr tt sstt rraa ttee ggyy "" ff oorr aadd aapp ttii nn gg ttoo ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee ,, ccoo rrrr eess ppoo nn ddii nn gg ttoo aa rree aass tthh aatt aa rree nn aatt uu rraa llllyy mm oorr ee pprr oott eecc ttee dd ffrr oomm tthh ee eeff ffee cctt ss ooff ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee ,, ww hh iicc hh aa cctt aa ss aa rree ffuu ggee ffoo rr mm aarr iinn ee sspp eecc iiee ss aann dd hh aabb iitt aatt ss,, tthh uu ss ccoo nn ttrr iibb uu ttii nn gg ttoo iinn ccrr eeaa ssii nn gg ((oo rr mm aaii nn ttaa iinn iinn gg)) tthh eeii rr rr eess iillii eenn ccee .. an d pr ot ec ti ng hu m an co m m un it ie s fr om th es e ch an ge s on th e ot he r ( e. g. lo ss of in fr as tr uc tu re ), as w el l a s th e pr ot ec ti on a nd co ns er va ti on of "c lim at e re fu ge s" . co as ta l s tr ip th at co nt ri bu te to en ha nc in g th e re si lie nc e of th e co as t a re m on it or ed A n op er at io na l an d co nt in uo us m on it or in g m ec ha ni sm fo r th e co as ta l s tr ip is e st ab lis he d, en su ri ng a nd sy st em at is in g da ta a nd in di ca to rs fo r di ag no si ng th e st at e of th e co as ta l s tr ip , in cl ud in g th e m an ag em en t o f la nd u se a nd oc cu pa ti on a nd su pp or ti ng de ci si on m ak in g an d th e re sp on se to co as ta l r is ks , pa rt ic ul ar ly th os e as so ci at ed w it h er os io n, BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)138 | 76 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) sl op e in st ab ili ty an d th e ri sk s ar is in g fr om cl im at e ch an ge . A s ys te m fo r m on it or in g co as ta l a ct iv it ie s ha s be en im pl em en te d ee)) IInn ccrr eeaa ssii nn gg oocc eeaa nn aa nn dd ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee lliitt eerr aacc yy,, rraa iiss iinn gg aaww aarr eenn eess ss aann dd eemm ppoo ww eerr iinn gg ffii sshh iinn gg ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss,, eess ppee ccii aall llyy tthh ooss ee iinn ss mm aall ll sscc aall ee ffii sshh eerr iiee ss,, aa nn dd ddee ffii nn iinn gg sstt rraa ttee ggii eess ttoo iinn ccrr eeaa ssee tthh ee rree ssii lliiee nn ccee oo ff ffii sshh iinn gg aacc ttii vvii ttyy aann dd iitt ss aadd aapp ttaa ttii oonn ttoo ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee ,, iinn pp aarr ttii ccuu llaa rr bb yy pprr oomm oott iinn gg tthh ee ppaa rrtt iicc iipp aatt iioo nn oo ff iv ) D ev el op aw ar en es s ra is in g an d ca pa ci ty bu ild in g ac ti on s on th e ef fe ct s of cl im at e ch an ge am on g th e va ri ou s ac to rs an d st ak eh ol de rs , an d pa rt ic ul ar ly b y em po w er in g fis hi ng co m m un it ie s, in o rd er to in cr ea se th e re si lie nc e of fis hi ng a ct iv it y En vi ro nm en ta l ed uc at io n pr og ra m m es ha ve b ee n cr ea te d an d pu bl ic aw ar en es s ca m pa ig ns ca rr ie d ou t am on g co m m un it ie s an d pr im ar y an d se co nd ar y sc ho ol s in co as ta l a nd ri ve rs id e di st ri ct s, le ad in g th em to un de rs ta nd th e pr ob le m o f cl im at e ch an ge an d ad op t M TA M IM A IP , M IN ED H , M IC U LT U R , P ro vi nc ia l S ta te R ep re se nt at iv e B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , Lo ca l A ut ho ri ti es , A ca de m ia , N G O s, C SO s N o. o f pa rt ic ip an ts in en vi ro nm en ta l aw ar en es s pr og ra m m es an d in it ia ti ve s N o. o f ca m pa ig ns ca rr ie d ou t En vi ro nm en ta l ed uc at io n pr og ra m m e re po rt s Ca m pa ig n sc he du lin g 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 139 | 77 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) sstt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss iinn iidd eenn ttii ffyy iinn gg,, ddee ssii ggnn iinn gg aann dd ddee vvee lloo ppii nn gg ssoo lluu ttii oonn ss.. pr ac ti ce s to in cr ea se th e re si lie nc e of th ei r a ct iv it ie s. ff)) IInn vvee sstt iinn gg iinn ssuu sstt aaii nn aabb llee aaqq uu aacc uu lltt uu rree bb yy rree dduu ccii nn gg pprr eess ssuu rree ss oonn ww iilldd ffii sshh eerr iiee ss,, iinn ccrr eeaa ssii nn gg tthh ee rree ssii lliiee nn ccee oo ff ccoo aass ttaa ll ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss aann dd rree dduu ccii nn gg vvuu llnn eerr aabb iillii ttyy ttoo ffoo oodd iinn ssee ccuu rrii ttyy ,, rree ggee nn eerr aatt iinn gg kk eeyy nn uu rrss eerr iiee ss aann dd bbrr eeee ddii nn gg aarr eeaa ss ffoo rr aaqq uu aatt iicc ss ppee ccii eess ((ee ..gg .. mm aann ggrr oovv eess ,, ssee aagg rraa ssss bb eedd ss,, ccoo rraa ll rr eeee ffss )) aa nn dd llaa rrgg ee sscc aall ee ssee aaww eeee dd aaqq uu aacc uu lltt uu rree ,, ww hh iicc hh iiss aa llss oo aann iidd eenn ttii ffii eedd ww aayy ttoo pp rroo mm oott ee bbll uu ee ccaa rrbb oonn cc aapp ttuu rree aann dd ccoo nn ttrr iibb uu ttee ttoo mm iinn iimm iiss iinn gg tthh ee eeff ffee cctt ss ooff N um be r a nd ch ar ac te ri st ic s of p ro je ct s R eg ul ar re po rt s as se ss in g th e si tu at io n an d pr og re ss BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)140 | 78 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) ccll iimm aatt ee cchh aann ggee .. gg)) CC rree aatt ee ggoo oodd pprr aacc ttii ccee mm aann uu aall ss ffoo rr tt hh ee ttoo uu rrii ssmm ss eecc ttoo rr tthh aatt llee aadd ttoo iinn vvee sstt mm eenn ttss iinn ssuu pppp oorr tt ffaa ccii lliitt iiee ss ((ee ..gg .. hh oott eell ss aann dd rree ssoo rrtt ss)) tthh aatt aa rree mm oorr ee rree ssii lliiee nn tt tt oo ccll iimm aatt iicc pphh eenn oomm eenn aa,, aa ss ww eell ll aa ss ttoo tthh ee aadd aapp ttee dd rree qquu aall iiff iicc aatt iioo nn ooff tthh ooss ee tthh aatt hh aavv ee bbee eenn aaff ffee cctt eedd bb yy tthh eemm .. R ea lis in g an in te gr at ed de ve lo pm en t m od el fo r t he co as ta l z on e G ui de lin es a nd di re ct iv es fo r t he co ns tr uc ti on o f to ur is t in fr as tr uc tu re s an d fa ci lit ie s on th e co as tl in e, pa rt ic ul ar ly in se ns it iv e ar ea s, ha ve b ee n dr aw n up a nd ad op te d Es ta bl is he d gu id el in es to re gu la te a nd or ie nt at e na tu re to ur is m a nd vi si ta ti on ac ti vi ti es in or de r t o gu ar an te e th e pr es er va ti on o f na tu ra l v al ue s M TA M IM A IP , M TA / A N A C, M IC U LT U R G ui de lin es a nd gu id es pr ep ar ed to re sp on d to th e va ri ou s th em es o f in te gr at ed de ve lo pm en t N o. o f a ct io ns to m on it or ac ti vi ti es o n th e co as ta l st ri p M IM A IP R A & Q 20 24 20 26 hh )) SS eeee kk ttoo ddee vvee lloo pp ccaa rrbb oonn nn eeuu ttrr aall pp oorr ttss ((bb lluu ee ppoo rrtt ss)) aa nn dd aadd aapp tt ee xx iiss ttii nn gg oonn eess ,, uu ssii nn gg ssmm aarr tt ttee cchh nn ooll oogg yy aann dd ssuu pppp oorr ttii nn gg tthh ee mm aaii nn ttee nn aann ccee oo ff aa ggoo oodd eenn vvii rroo nn mm eenn ttaa ll N um be r a nd ch ar ac te ri st ic s of p ro je ct s R eg ul ar re po rt s as se ss in g th e si tu at io n an d pr og re ss BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 141 | 79 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) sstt aatt uu ss,, ffoo rr eexx aamm ppll ee tthh rroo uu gghh tthh ee ttrr aann ssii ttii oonn ttoo lloo ww oorr zz eerr oo eemm iiss ssii oonn ffuu eell ss oorr tthh rroo uu gghh tthh ee uu ssee oo ff rree nn eeww aabb llee eenn eerr ggyy ss oouu rrcc eess ((ee ..gg .. ww iinn dd ppoo ww eerr )),, ww hh iicc hh ww iillll cc oonn ttrr iibb uu ttee ttoo tthh ee rree dduu cctt iioo nn ooff GG HH GG eemm iiss ssii oonn ss aann dd pprr oomm oott iinn gg tthh ee sstt oorr aagg ee ooff bb lluu ee ccaa rrbb oonn iinn ddrr eedd ggee dd ssoo iillss iinn ppoo rrtt aa rree aass .. ii)) IInn vvee sstt iinn gg iinn tthh ee sstt uu ddyy aa nn dd ddee vvee lloo ppmm eenn tt oo ff rree nn eeww aabb llee eenn eerr ggyy pprr oodd uu cctt iioo nn ppoo ttee nn ttii aall ((ee ..gg .. ww iinn dd,, ww aavv eess ,, ssoo llaa rr)) iinn oo rrdd eerr ttoo ffuu llff iill aa ccll iimm aatt ee aagg eenn ddaa ,, rree dduu ccii nn gg GG HH GG eemm iiss ssii oonn ss,, bb uu tt En su re th e es ta bl is hm en t of a p la tf or m to de ep en kn ow le dg e of th e te ch no lo gy as so ci at ed w it h th e ex pl oi ta ti on o f m ar it im e re so ur ce s an d ot he r re ne w ab le Es ta bl is he d pa rt ne rs hi ps w it h pu bl ic a nd pr iv at e ed uc at io na l in st it ut io ns (E Is ) to in cl ud e re le va nt c on te nt in a ca de m ic cu rr ic ul a M IR EM E M IR EM E, M CT ES , A ca de m ia N o. o f pa rt ne rs hi p ag re em en ts es ta bl is he d an d re le va nt pr og ra m m e co nt en t in cl ud ed M IR EM E an d IE P ar tn er sh ip A gr ee m en ts 20 24 20 25 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)142 | 80 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) aall ssoo ttoo ccoo nn ttrr iibb uu ttee ttoo ssoo ccii aall ww eell ll bbee iinn gg aann dd eecc oonn oomm iicc ddee vvee lloo ppmm eenn tt,, iinn ccrr eeaa ssii nn gg aacc ccee ssss ttoo eenn eerr ggyy ffoo rr ccoo aass ttaa ll ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss aann dd pprr oomm oott iinn gg ssuu sstt aaii nn aabb llee eenn vvii rroo nn mm eenn ttaa ll pprr aacc ttii ccee ss,, aa llss oo iidd eenn ttii ffyy iinn gg aall ttee rrnn aatt iivv ee bbii oomm aass ss ssoo uu rrcc eess ttoo mm aann ggrr oovv eess ((ee ..gg .. mm aacc rroo aall ggaa ee)) .. en er gi es , in cl ud in g so la r en er gy in aq ua ti c en vi ro nm en ts . Co ns ol id at e kn ow le dg e of th e re al po te nt ia l o f m ar it im e re so ur ce s an d ot he r re ne w ab le en er gi es , in cl ud in g so la r en er gy in aq ua ti c en vi ro nm en ts , th ei r l oc at io n an d th e so ci al , en vi ro nm en ta l an d ec on om ic im pa ct s of th ei r ex pl oi ta ti on . Id en ti fie d an d m ea su re d th e po te nt ia l o f oc ea n en er gy an d m ap pe d th e lo ca ti on s w he re it o cc ur s. Fu rt he r s tu di es (in cl ud in g be nc hm ar ki ng ) to im pr ov e oc ea n en er gy te ch no lo gi es s o th at th ey a re co st e ff ec ti ve an d ha ve fe w er im pa ct s Co m pl em en ta ry st ud ie s re la te d to th e co m bi ne d us e of o th er re ne w ab le so ur ce s ha ve be en p ro m ot ed in o rd er to m ak e pr oj ec ts v ia bl e M IR EM E M IR EM E, F U N A E M TA , M IM A IP Es ta bl is hm en t of a c en tr al da ta ba se m ap pi ng th e m ar it im e re so ur ce A re as id en ti fie d as no t b ei ng in co m pa ti bl e w it h th es e in st al la ti on s M IR EM E A nn ua l R ep or ts M IM A IP A nn ua l R ep or ts 20 24 20 25 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 143 | 81 EE 33 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) D ep lo ym en t ar ti cu la te d w it h th e m an ag em en t o f th e P CA s to id en ti fy s it es w he re th e in st al la ti on s ar e no t h ar m fu l, an d w it h sa fe gu ar di ng th e ex is te nc e of im po rt an t fis hi ng g ro un ds in th e di ff er en t se gm en ts o f t he fle et . CC RR OO SS SS CC UU TT TT IINN GG AA XX IISS 44 :: CC OO MM MM UU NN IITT IIEE SS EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) D ev el op a nd ar ti cu la te st ra te gi c ap pr oa ch es b y th e ce nt ra l go ve rn m en t, Th e co ns er va ti on ar ea s ha ve th e m ea ns a nd hu m an H ig h M TA M TA / A N A C, M IM A IP , M EF , R ep re se nt at iv es of c oa st al di st ri ct s, N G O s N o. o f h um an re so ur ce s as si gn ed to m an ag em en t an d Co ns er va ti on ar ea a ct iv it y re po rt s 20 24 20 27 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)144 | 82 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) su ch a s th e st ra te gy a nd ac ti on p la n fo r th e co ns er va ti on o f bi ol og ic al di ve rs it y an d th e m an ag em en t an d bu si ne ss pl an s fo r co ns er va ti on ar ea s, a nd in it ia ti ve s to su pp or t c oa st al co m m un it ie s, in cl ud in g ca pa ci ty bu ild in g, in or de r t o en su re th e in vo lv em en t o f in ve st or s an d lo ca l co m m un it ie s in th e su st ai na bl e m an ag em en t o f na tu ra l re so ur ce s w hi le co nt ri bu ti ng to th e re so ur ce s ne ce ss ar y fo r ef fic ie nt m an ag em en t an d su pe rv is io n of th e ar ea s un de r t he ir tu te la ge Th e co ns er va ti on ar ea s ha ve up t o da te te ch ni ca l m ea ns a nd re so ur ce s an d th e ca pa ci ty to pr op er ly m ai nt ai n th em an d ac qu ir e ne w te ch no lo gy ba se d eq ui pm en t P er io di c tr ai ni ng co ur se s an d ca pa ci ty bu ild in g ac ti on s ar e de ve lo pe d to su pe rv is io n in co ns er va ti on ar ea s N o. o f re so ur ce s de di ca te d to m an ag em en t an d m on it or in g in co ns er va ti on ar ea s" N o. o f t ra in in g co ur se s fo r te ch ni ca l s ta ff as si gn ed to th e co ns er va ti on ar ea s an d th em es co ve re d N o. o f co ns er va ti on ar ea s cr ea te d at th e in it ia ti ve o f co m m un it ie s N o. o f t ra in in g pr og ra m m es BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 145 | 83 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) co ns er va ti on o f bi od iv er si ty an d cr ea ti ng jo bs in th e ad m in is tr at io n an d su pe rv is io n of m ar in e co ns er va ti on ar ea s, im pr ov in g in co m e fo r fa m ili es . m ee t t he n ee d fo r s pe ci al is ed st af f a nd m an ag em en t sk ill s, pa rt ic ul ar ly ai m ed a t en ab lin g co m m un it ie s to c on tr ib ut e to en vi ro nm en ta l an d na tu ra l re so ur ce m an ag em en t. In it ia ti ve s to pu bl ic is e an d ra is e en vi ro nm en ta l aw ar en es s ha ve b ee n im pl em en te d, fo cu si ng o n th e be ne fit s of pr ot ec ti ng a nd co ns er vi ng bi ol og ic al re so ur ce s Fa vo ur in g th e lo ca l co m m un it y in St im ul at in g th e in te re st o f th e po pu la ti on M TA M TA / A N A C, M A D ER % o f j ob s fil le d by m em be rs o f lo ca l Co ns er va ti on ar ea a ct iv it y re po rt s 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)146 | 84 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) fil lin g av ai la bl e jo bs in co ns er va ti on an d re la te d ac ti vi ti es in c ar ry in g ou t fu nc ti on s in th e ad m in is tr at io n an d su pe rv is io n of co ns er va ti on ar ea s, in cr ea si ng b y 25 p er c en t t he hu m an re so ur ce s w it h fu nc ti on s in co ns er va ti on ar ea s th at be lo ng to lo ca l co m m un it ie s by 2 02 7, re ac hi ng 5 0 pe r c en t b y 20 40 . V oc at io na l tr ai ni ng co ur se s ha ve be en de ve lo pe d at lo ca l l ev el fo r th e po pu la ti on liv in g in th e co ns er va ti on ar ea s an d co m m un it ie s N o. o f pa rt ic ip an ts in tr ai ni ng in it ia ti ve s w ho be lo ng to lo ca l co m m un it ie s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 147 | 85 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) ad ja ce nt zo ne s. P ro m ot in g th e cr ea ti on o f sm al l/ m ed iu m si ze d lo ca l bu si ne ss es ai m ed a t t he su st ai na bl e ut ili sa ti on o f ex is ti ng re so ur ce s an d co m pa ti bl e w it h th e co ns er va ti on o f bi od iv er si ty . P ro gr am m es ha ve b ee n de ve lo pe d to en co ur ag e th e cr ea ti on o f co m pa ni es an d fa ci lit at e ac ce ss to fu nd in g an d le ga l fr am ew or ks fo r c om pa ni es , in cr ea si ng th e nu m be r o f su st ai na bl e co m pa ni es N es ts o f co m pa ni es cr ea te d in k ey lo ca ti on s in co ns er va ti on ar ea s to pr om ot e sy ne rg ie s M TA M EF , M IT ES S N o. o f co m pa ni es cr ea te d IN E/ A N A C da ta ba se s 20 24 20 27 M ot iv at e co op er at io n pa rt ne rs a nd in ve st or s to w ar ds th e Fu nd in g fr om ex te rn al so ur ce s, pa rt ic ul ar ly th ro ug h M TA M TA / A N A C, M IM A IP N o. o f c o op er at io n pa rt ne rs in vo lv ed in fin an ci ng c o M an ag em en t pl an s an d ac ti vi ty re po rt s fo r co ns er va ti on 20 24 20 30 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)148 | 86 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) po te nt ia l o f ar ea s of h ig h bi od iv er si ty va lu e an d th ei r ro le in th e co ns er va ti on o f sp ec ie s an d ha bi ta ts a nd th e w el l be in g of lo ca l co m m un it ie s po te nt ia l co ns er va ti on co o pe ra ti on pa rt ne rs , i s ap pl ie d ef fe ct iv el y to th e pr ot ec ti on of b io di ve rs it y an d th e su st ai na bl e de ve lo pm en t of co m m un it ie s m an ag em en t pr oj ec ts fo r co ns er va ti on ar ea s ar ea s R ep or ts fr om lo ca l m an ag em en t gr ou ps bb)) IImm pprr oovv ee tthh ee nn eett ww oorr kk oo ff ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt yy aacc ttoo rrss lliinn kk eedd ttoo lloo ccaa ll ddee vvee lloo ppmm eenn tt ssee cctt oorr ss,, ss uu cchh aa ss ww aatt eerr aa nn dd ssaa nn iitt aatt iioo nn ,, eedd uu ccaa ttii oonn ,, aagg rrii ccuu lltt uu rree aa nn dd rruu rraa ll ee xx ttee nn ssii oonn ,, pprr oott eecc ttii oonn oo ff tt hh ee mm ooss tt vv uu llnn eerr aabb llee aann dd eemm eerr ggee nn ccyy rrii sskk mm aann aagg eemm eenn tt,, aamm oonn gg oott hh eerr ss oocc iiaa ll aarr eeaa ss,, cc oonn ttrr iibb uu ttii nn gg ttoo iimm pprr oovv iinn gg tthh ee iimm ppll eemm eenn ttaa ttii oonn oo ff nn aatt iioo nn aall pp ooll iicc iiee ss ffoo rr lloo ccaa ll cc oomm mm uu nn iitt yy i) St re ng th en an d en co ur ag e th e cr ea ti on o f gr as sr oo ts co m m un it y or ga ni sa ti on s (in cl ud in g N at ur al R es ou rc e M an ag em en t Co m m it te es , Co m m un it y Fi sh in g Co un ci ls , co op er at iv es an d ot he r as so ci at io ns ), an d in vo lv e st ru ct ur es o f lo ca l de ve lo pm en t N o. o f or ga ni sa ti on s cr ea te d, b y ty pe a nd ch ar ac te ri st ic s Si tu at io n an d ev ol ut io n m on it or in g re po rt s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 149 | 87 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) ddee vvee lloo ppmm eenn tt aa nn dd tthh ee ccrr eeaa ttii oonn oo ff ppee oopp llee ''ss ww eell ll bbee iinn gg.. co m m un it y ac to rs a s w el l as lo ca l c iv il so ci et y or ga ni sa ti on s, in b oo st in g th e in vo lv em en t o f lo ca l a ct or s in pa rt ic ip at or y m an ag em en t, be in g ab le to pr om ot e co m pl ia nc e w it h m an ag em en t m ea su re s at lo ca l l ev el in th ei r a re a of in flu en ce , w it h re fe re nc e to th e sp ec ifi c co m m un it ie s, te rr it or ie s an d ad ja ce nt co as tl in e w he re ac ti vi ti es w it h a lo ca l i m pa ct a re ca rr ie d ou t. cc)) SS ttrr eenn ggtt hh eenn tthh ee iinn ttee ggrr aatt iioo nn oo ff ggee nn ddee rr aa nn dd hh uu mm aann rrii gghh ttss iiss ssuu eess iinn ggoo vvee rrnn aann ccee iinn sstt rruu mm eenn ttss ,, ppaa rrtt iicc uu llaa rrll yy ww iitt hh aa ii) D ev el op pr og ra m m es to en co ur ag e th e cr ea ti on o f bu si ne ss es , em po w er a nd cr ea te jo bs fo r w om en a nd yo un g pe op le in N o. o f or ga ni sa ti on s cr ea te d, b y ty pe a nd ch ar ac te ri st ic s Si tu at io n an d ev ol ut io n m on it or in g re po rt s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)150 | 88 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) vvii eeww ttoo eemm ppoo ww eerr iinn gg ww oomm eenn iinn cc ooaa sstt aall ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss aann dd pprr oomm oott iinn gg tthh ee ttee cchh nn iicc aall cc aapp aacc iitt yy aann dd eedd uu ccaa ttii oonn oo ff ww oomm eenn aa nn dd yyoo uu nn gg ppee oopp llee .. th e va lu e ch ai n of fi sh er ie s an d aq ua cu lt ur e pr od uc ts , b ut al so in o th er ac ti vi ti es th at ta ke p la ce o n th e co as tl in e, ad ja ce nt m ar it im e sp ac e an d in la nd w at er s (t ou ri sm , ex tr ac ti on o f m in er al re so ur ce s, na tu re co ns er va ti on ), co nt ri bu ti ng to im pr ov in g pe op le 's q ua lit y of li fe a nd , i n pa rt ic ul ar , t he ir fo od c on di ti on s. dd)) EE xx ppaa nn dd tthh ee ccoo uu nn ttrr yy'' ss eeff ffoo rrtt ss iinn hh eeaa lltt hh pp rroo mm oott iioo nn ,, ddii ssee aass ee pprr eevv eenn ttii oonn aann dd tthh ee eexx ppaa nn ssii oonn ooff hh eeaa lltt hh ss eerr vvii ccee ss tthh rroo uu gghh mm oobb iillee hh eeaa lltt hh bb rrii ggaa ddee ss aann dd ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt yy hh eeaa lltt hh aagg eenn ttss ww hh oo lliivv ee iinn ccoo mm mm uu nn iitt iiee ss,, iii ) P ro m ot e th e ac ti ve pa rt ic ip at io n of al l c om m un it y de ve lo pm en t ac to rs , a nd in vo lv e lo ca l co m m un it ie s, le ad er s an d in te re st g ro up s (e .g . y ou ng N o. o f or ga ni sa ti on s cr ea te d, b y ty pe a nd ch ar ac te ri st ic s Si tu at io n an d ev ol ut io n m on it or in g re po rt s BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 151 | 89 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) aadd aapp ttii nn gg iinn ttee rrvv eenn ttii oonn ss ttoo pprr eevv eenn tt ii nn ddii vvii dduu aall aann dd ccoo llllee cctt iivv ee rrii sskk ss ooff dd iiss eeaa ssee aa nn dd ccrr eeaa ttii nn gg ggrr eeaa ttee rr rree sspp oonn ssii bbii lliitt yy ffoo rr aa llll tthh ooss ee iinn vvoo llvv eedd iinn bbuu iilldd iinn gg hh eeaa lltt hh aa nn dd ccoo mm mm oonn ww eell ll bbee iinn gg pe op le , w om en , th e el de rl y, pe op le w it h di sa bi lit ie s, am on g ot he rs ) to d ea l w it h th e so ci al de te rm in an ts of h ea lt h an d m ap lo ca l n ee ds an d pr io ri ti es in th ei r h ea lt h ar ea s, e ns ur in g th at po pu la ti on s ha ve ra pi d ac ce ss to es se nt ia l h ea lt h se rv ic es a nd th e cr ea ti on o f th ei r w el l be in g. ee)) IImm pprr oovv ee eenn vvii rroo nn mm eenn ttaa ll ttrr aaii nn iinn gg,, ee dduu ccaa ttii oonn aann dd aaww aarr eenn eess ss aann dd,, iinn pp aarr ttii ccuu llaa rr,, tthh ee llee vvee ll oo ff aaww aarr eenn eess ss// lliitt eerr aacc yy aabb oouu tt cc ooaa sstt aall ddyy nn aamm iicc ss,, tthh ee iv ) P ro du ce a nd di ss em in at e in fo rm at io n on na tu ra l v al ue s, th e m an ag em en t o f m ar in e, c oa st al an d in la nd w at er En vi ro nm en ta l ed uc at io n pr og ra m m es cr ea te d an d aw ar en es s ra is in g ca m pa ig ns ca rr ie d ou t i n co m m un it ie s M TA M IM A IP , M IN ED H , M IC U LT U R , M TC , P ro vi nc ia l St at e R ep re se nt at iv e B od ie s, D is tr ic t G ov er nm en ts , Lo ca l N o. o f pa rt ic ip an ts in en vi ro nm en ta l aw ar en es s pr og ra m m es an d in it ia ti ve s N o. o f ca m pa ig ns ca rr ie d ou t R ep or ts o n en vi ro nm en ta l ed uc at io n pr og ra m m es an d re ha bi lit at io n an d re st or at io n ac ti vi ti es 20 24 20 34 BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)152 | 90 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) ccoo aass ttll iinn ee,, oo ccee aann ss aann dd iinn llaa nn dd ww aatt eerr bboo ddii eess .. re so ur ce s an d th e im pa ct s of us es a nd ac ti vi ti es in th e m os t s en si ti ve ar ea s, su pp or ti ng en vi ro nm en ta l ed uc at io n ac ti vi ti es fo r co m m un it ie s, bu t a ls o fo r ot he r k ey pl ay er s su ch a s to ur is ts , en tr ep re ne ur s an d in ve st or s. an d pr im ar y an d se co nd ar y sc ho ol s to en co ur ag e th e po pu la ti on to re co gn is e th e ne ed to pr ot ec t a nd co ns er ve bi od iv er si ty fo r t he ir w el l be in g an d th at of fu tu re ge ne ra ti on s, an d to a ct iv el y pa rt ic ip at e in th is p ro ce ss . Ex is te nc e of sc ho ol pr og ra m m es lin ke d to th e oc ea n, c oa st al zo ne s an d in la nd w at er s an d th ei r bi od iv er si ty , a t al l l ev el s of ed uc at io n P ro m ot ed in it ia ti ve s to re ha bi lit at e A ut ho ri ti es , A ca de m ia , N G O s, C SO s N o. o f co m m un it ie s in vo lv ed N o. o f s ch oo l cu rr ic ul a w it h oc ea n lit er ac y co nt en t N o. o f vo ca ti on al tr ai ni ng co ur se s in m ar in e an d m ar it im e af fa ir s by di st ri ct Ca m pa ig n sc he du lin g BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 153 | 91 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) an d re st or e de gr ad ed ha bi ta ts (m an gr ov e fo re st s, c or al re ef s, s ea gr as s m ea do w s an d du ne s) , in vo lv in g lo ca l co m m un it ie s, to ur is ts , en tr ep re ne ur s an d in ve st or s. P ub lic aw ar en es s ca m pa ig ns ha ve b ee n pl an ne d an d de ve lo pe d am on g lo ca l co m m un it ie s, m ak in g th em un de rs ta nd th e im po rt an ce o f pr es er vi ng an d en ha nc in g em bl em at ic m ar in e an d aq ua ti c sp ec ie s fo r t he BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)154 | 92 EE 44 SStt rraa ttee ggii cc OO bbjj eecc ttii vvee SStt rraa ttee ggii cc AA cctt iioo nn ss TTaa rrgg eett ss BB uu ddgg eett ((11 0033 MM tt)) PP rrii oorr iitt yy SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss RR eess ppoo nn ss.. SStt aakk eehh ooll ddee rrss CC oomm ppll eexx .. IInn ddii ccaa ttoo rrss MM eeaa nn ss ooff vvee rrii ffii ccaa ttii oonn DD eeaa ddll iinn ee (s ta rt a nd en d) de ve lo pm en t of to ur is m , a nd le ad in g pe op le in th e co m m un it ie s to ta ke a pr oa ct iv e ro le in p ro te ct in g th e sp ec ie s. V oc at io na l tr ai ni ng re la te d to m ar in e, m ar it im e an d aq ua ti c af fa ir s ex te nd ed to th e en ti re na ti on al te rr it or y BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 155 ABBREVIATIONS ANAC Administração Nacional para as Áreas de Conservação (National Administration for Con servation Areas) AU African Union CCP Community Fishing Council CONDES National Council for Sustainable Development DUAT Title to the right to use and benefit from the land EDEA Blue Economy Development Strategy EGIZC Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy EITI Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative ENAMMC National Strategy for Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change ENDE National Development Strategy FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gases GVA Gross value added IMO International Maritime Organisation INE National Institute of Statistics InOM Oceanographic Institute of Mozambique IORA Indian Ocean Rim Association KBA Key Biodiversity Areas MADER Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MCTES Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education MDN Ministry of National Defence MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MGCAS Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Action MICULTUR Ministry of Culture and Tourism MIMAIP Ministry of the Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries MINEDH Ministry of Education and Human Development MIREME Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy MITSS Ministry of Labour and Social Security MOPHRH Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources MSP Maritime Spatial Planning MTA Ministry of Land and Environment MTC Ministry of Transport and Communications NDC National Determined Contributions NGO Non-Governmental Organisation(s) PDUT District Land Use Plan PEOT Special Land Management Plan PEU Urban Structure Plan PNDT National Territorial Development Plan POEM Mozambique’s Maritime Spatial Planning / Situation Plan BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA)156 POLMAR Sea Policy and Strategy PPDT Provincial Territorial Development Plan ProAzul Blue Economy Development Fund R&D Research and Development SADC Southern African Development Community SDG Sustainable Development Goals SIDS Small Island Developing States SO Strategic Objectives SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TUPEM Title of Private Use of Maritime Space UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WG or TWG Thematic Working Group WIO Western Indian Ocean ZIT Areas of Tourist Interest UNITS CO2 Carbon dioxide tcf Trillions of cubic feet USD United States Dollar BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (EDEA) 157 GLOSSARY Bioprospecting/ bioexploitation or biodiversity prospecting - the process of exploring or systemati cally searching for genetic and biochemical information for the subsequent economic and social de velopment of pharmaceuticals, agriculture, cosmetics, manufacturing, construction, engineering and other applications. Biopiracy - any process of illegitimate appropriation, usually through intellectual property rights, of genetic resources and traditional knowledge and cultures associated with the utilisation of biodiver sity values. Biotechnology - any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or their derivatives to create or modify products or processes for specific use. Natural capital - a set of direct values (resources, biological control and regulation, medicines) and in direct values (ecosystem services, pollination, etc.) of biodiversity that can be economically quantified or have a market value. Blue Economy - all economic activities linked to the sustainable use of ocean, marine, coastal, river and lake resources for economic growth, including the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity values. Circular Economy - all activities aimed at overcoming the linear economy model, promoting the res ponsible consumption of raw materials by preventing the production of waste through the reuse or recycling of waste, with the aim of extending the life cycle of products. Blue Energy - energy produced by renewable energy sources from the aquatic environment. Blue ports - Ports that meet sustainability objectives: reducing greenhouse gases, managing liquid and solid waste in a sustainable way, preventing the invasion of exotic species by ships, with configu rations that minimise the impacts of dredging and interference with coastal dynamics and that contri bute to a satisfactory port-city link. Biological resources - genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations or any other type of biotic components of ecosystems of current or potential value or utility to humanity. Genetic resources - genetic material of real or potential value, integrating the set of biological resour ces Climate Risk - refers to the probability of a foreseeable climatic event occurring. Ecosystem services - a set of services providing goods (food, fibres, pharmaceutical molecules, wood, etc.), climate regulation (water and air purification, climate regulation, pollination, etc.), ecosystem su pport (photosynthesis, water cycles, soil formation) and cultural services (leisure spaces, aesthetics, creative inspiration). Nature-based tourism - non-destructive way of using wildlife that materialises through visits for scientific research, formal education, purely recreational tourism using the aesthetic values of nature that may be combined with elements of real or synthetic adventure, in landscapes, topography, hydro graphy, vegetation and wildlife. Purpose-driven travel - travelling with a particular objective ranging from self-improvement trips, learning or meditation retreats, to trips that contribute to improving the world by supporting commu nities, for example through reconstruction or teaching, or contributing to conservation, for example in clearing forests, planting crops, putting newborn turtles back into the sea, etc. INTERDISCIPLINARY MINISTRIES WITH AN INTEREST IN THE BLUE ECONOMY MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND FINANCE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND COOPERATION MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM MINISTRY OF LAND AND ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS HOUSING AND HYDRAULIC RESOURCES MINISTRY OF MINERAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATIONS MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL SECURITY MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHER EDUCATION STATE DEPARTMENT OF PROFESSIONAL TECHNICAL EDUCATION STATE DEPARTMENT FOR YOUTH AND EMPLOYMENT STATE DEPARTMENT FOR SPORTS REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE MINISTRY OF THE SEA, INLAND WATERS AND FISHERIES