National Gender Policy

i Republic of Malawi NATIONAL GENDER POLICY JANUARY 2011 ii His Excellency Ngwazi Professor Bingu wa Mutharika, President of the Republic of Malawi iii Foreword The Constitution of the Republic of Malawi recognizes and promotes gender equality as one of the ways of promoting the welfare and development of the people of Malawi. Further, gender equality is a basic human rights and development issue as affirmed in a number of international and regional human rights instruments to which Malawi is signatory. Therefore, the purpose of this policy is to mainstream gender in the national development process to enhance participation of women and men, girls and boys for sustainable and equitable development for poverty eradication. This policy will lead to realization of aspirations of Malawi Government as stipulated in the Malawi Vision 2020, Malawi Constitution and the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS). The Policy will, therefore, contribute to economic growth, women empowerment and attainment of gender equality. I, therefore, call upon all Malawians and stakeholders to be committed to creating a better Malawi for all by ensuring that we are all implementing this policy. Honourable Theresa Gloria Mwale, M.P. MINISTER OF GENDER, CHILDREN AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT iv Preface The need to review the 2000-2005 National Gender Policy was necessitated after realizing that despite achieving some gender equality results, the implementation of the policy had had a number of challenges and emerging issues which the Policy did not address. The current major challenges and emerging issues include HIV and AIDS, gender based violence (GBV), human trafficking, increased environmental degradation, and high levels of poverty in the country all of which have a gender dimension. Further, there has been a general inadequacy among all the gender structures at all levels to maintain a collective and sustained response to gender issues. The overall goal of the policy is to mainstream gender in the national development process in order to enhance participation of women and men, girls and boys for attainment of sustainable and equitable development. Since gender is a cross cutting issue the policy is strongly linked to macro policies such as the Vision 2020, the Malawi Constitution and Malawi Growth and Development Strategy, and sectoral policies including Agriculture Policies, Health Policies, Education Policies, National HIV and AIDS Policy, Industry and Trade Policies, Infrastructure Development Policies, Information Technology and Communication Policies, National Youth Policy and Environmental and Climate Change Policies. The process of reviewing the Policy was very consultative. It involved various stakeholders such as Ministries and Departments, District Councils, Communities, Civil Society Organizations (CSO’s), Private Sector Organizations and Development Partners. The development of this revised National Gender Policy was guided by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW); Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Beijing Platform for Action, International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD),SADC Protocol on Gender and Development, 2003 Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, the 2003 African Union’s Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa. Eric Joseph Ning’ang’a SECRETARY FOR GENDER, CHILDREN AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT v TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................ II PREFACE ............................................................................................................................. III LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .............................................................. VI 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rationale ................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Challenges .............................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Linkages ................................................................................................................. 3 2.0 BROAD POLICY DIRECTIONS ............................................................................ 5 2.1 Vision ................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Mission ................................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Guiding Principles............................................................................................... 5 2.4 Overall Policy Goal ............................................................................................. 5 2.5 Overall Objective ................................................................................................ 6 3.0 POLICY THEMES .................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Policy Theme 1: Gender, Literacy, Education and Training ................................ 6 3.2 Policy Theme 2: Gender and Reproductive Health .............................................. 9 3.3 Policy Theme 3: Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition ................................ 11 3.4 Policy Theme 4: Natural Resources and Environmental Management ............... 12 3.5 Policy Theme 5: Governance and Human Rights .............................................. 13 3.6 Policy Theme 6: Poverty Eradication and Economic Empowerment ............... 15 3.7 Policy Theme 7: Gender and HIV and AIDS ..................................................... 17 3.8 Policy Theme 8: Gender Based Violence .......................................................... 19 4.0 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................. 20 4.1 Institutional Arrangements .................................................................................. 20 4.2 The National Gender Machinery .......................................................................... 21 4.3 Roles of other Stakeholders ................................................................................ 21 4.4 Ministry of Economic Planning and Development (MEPD) and the Ministry of Finance (MoF) ................................................................................. 22 5.0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ..................................................................................... 22 6.0 MONITORING AND EVALUTATION ................................................................... 22 7.0 RESOURCE MOBILISATION ................................................................................. 23 8.0 CAPACITY BUILDING ........................................................................................... 23 vi REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 24 GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................................... 26 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................... 27 vii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BLM Banja la Mtsogolo AU African Union CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women CHAM Christian Hospital Association of Malawi CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CRC Convention on the Rights of Children CSO Civil Society Organisation DfID Department of International Development Dept of F Department of Forestry DNHA Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS FPAM Family Planning Asosciation of Malawi GBV Gender Based Violence HIV Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ILO International Labour Organisation MDG Millennium Development Goals MGDS Malawi Growth and Development Strategies MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoGCCD Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development MoJCA Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs MoLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment MHRC Malawi Human Rights Commission MOH Ministry of Health MoICE Ministry of Information and Civic Education MoPSIA Ministry Public Security and Internal Affairs MoEVT Ministry of Education and Vocation Training NASFAM National Small Holder Famers Association of Malawi NGO-GCN NGO Gender Coordinating Network NSO National Statistics Office NAC National Aids Commission OPC Office of the President and Cabinet SADC Southern African Development Community UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNIFEM United Nations Fund for Women WLSA Women and Law in Southern Africa viii 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION The National Gender Policy is important for the country to promote gender equality and women empowerment for reducing gender inequalities to facilitate attainment of sustainable social and economic development. This policy draws from the lessons learnt during the implementation of the first National Gender Policy (2000-2005). Some of the lessons learnt include, inter alia, gender equality can be achieved if it is well institutionalized; provision of gender mainstreaming guidelines and tools both generic and sector specific; capacity building of stakeholders strengthening networking and coordination between and among stakeholders; implementation of comprehensive and well coordinated gender management systems; and emerging gender issues such as HIV and AIDS, gender based violence (GBV), human trafficking, increased environmental degradation and climate change. Analysis of the socio-cultural and economic situation of Malawi shows that there persistent gender inequalities, gender based violence, under representation and discrimination against women. This policy will lead to realization of aspirations of Malawi Government as stipulated in the Malawi Vision 2020, Malawi Constitution and the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS). The policy will also contribute towards realization of goals sectoral policies such as Health, Education, Agriculture, Nutrition and HIV and AIDS, Environment and Climate Change, Industry and Trade, Information and Communication Technology, Infrastructure Development and Youth Development, Early Childhood Development and Orphan and Vulnerable Children Polices. The Policy will, therefore, contribute to economic growth, women empowerment and attainment of gender equality. Despite the implementation of the first National Gender Policy (2000– 2005) through various women empowerment and gender mainstreaming programmes in the country, gender inequalities, under representation of women in decision making positions, low education attainment among females compared to males, gender based violence and discrimination against women and the girl child still persist in the country. For example, Malawi Gender Status Index is at 0.639; women constitute only 16.2% in the executive, 12.9% in the judiciary and 22.3% in the legislature; while in the city, municipality and district councils women in decision making positions constitutes 46%, 15% and 3.6% respectively. According to Malawi Population and Housing Census of 2008 36% of the people older than 5 years were illiterate of which 41% o were females and 31% males. Similarly, gender based violence proportionately affects more women and girls than men and boys. For instance 64.1% girls compared to 35.9% boys experience bullying in school and 27.3% girls compared 10.2% boys are sexually abused. About 72.3% women are physically abused by their spouse/partner in the home (E. Petser, et al 2005). While in the work place 50% women compared to 35.3% men experience economic abuse and 50% women compared to 11.8% men experience sexual abuse (NGO-GCN 2005). The purpose of the Policy is to mainstream gender in the development process for sustainable equality development.. 2 2.0 BROAD POLICY DIRECTIONS 2.1 Overall Policy Goal To mainstream gender in the national development process in order to enhance participation of women and men, girls and boys for attainment of sustainable and equitable development. 2.2 Policy Objectives The Policy seeks to achieve the following broad objectives: To increase access, retention and completion to quality education for girls and boys; To ensure gender issues and concerns are addressed throughout the health sector; To ensure gender concerns and issues are mainstreamed throughout all activities related to HIV and AIDS; To strengthen gender mainstreaming in the agriculture, food and nutrition security sector; To strengthen gender mainstreaming in the natural resources and environment and climate change in order to achieve equality and sustainable environmental development; To reduce poverty among women and other vulnerable groups through economic empowerment; To promote women’s participation in politics and decision making; To eliminate gender based violence child abuse and human trafficking; To strengthen the capacity of the National Gender Machinery; 3 2.3 Policy Outcome Interest of gender groups will be addressed in all macro and sectoral policies and programmes Equal opportunities in employment across the sectors among men and women Peace Harmony and respect of human dignity. Equal access to Education and Training for all gender groups. No discrimination in employment Effective delivery of gender responsive health services Effective coordination for the implementation of the policy 3.0 POLICY PRIORITY AREAS 3.1 POLICY PRIORITY AREA 1: GENDER, LITERACY, EDUCATION AND TRAINING High quality, equitable education and training is the foundation for individual development and emancipation and attainment of sustainable social and economic development of nations. Advocating for gender parity education and training, modification of cultural practices that have negative effects on girls’, boys’, women’s and men’s attainment of higher qualifications, improving teaching-learning environment, popularizing science subjects among girls, boys, women and men and ensuring investment in functional adult education and training are critical foundation for ensuring trained human resource for development. Problem Definition Low attainment of higher educational qualification and training by women, girls and poor or vulnerable men, women and children. Policy Statements i. Government will promote equal access to quality education to all school age children at early childhood, primary, secondary and tertiary levels. ii. Development and usage of gender responsive curriculum, educational materials and equipment at all levels. iii. Ensure reduction of dropout rates of girls and boys at all levels of education. iv. Lobby for increased enrolment of girls in Sciences and Mathematics subjects v. Empowerment of women and men through equitable access to adult functional basic education 3.2 POLICY PRIORITY AREA 2: GENDER AND HEALTH 4 Advocating for mainstreaming of gender in health services is critical for the provision of user friendly health facilities that equitably benefits women and girls, men and boys and vulnerable groups at all levels for ensuring a health and active population. Problem Definition There are gender disparities in the health services, especially at primary health care level. Policy Statements i. Promotion of access to health services for women, men, boys and girls and all vulnerable groups. ii. Lobby for improvement of quality health services so that they equitably address the needs of women, girls, men and boys and all vulnerable groups. iii. Reduction of high maternal and neonatal mortality rate to acceptable levels in Malawi iv. Enhancement of gender mainstreaming in health Structures, systems and programmes 3.3POLICY PRIORITY AREA 3 AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION Promoting gender mainstreaming in agriculture production, food and nutrition security at household and nation levels is critical for ensuring self sufficiency and proper utilization of food will; lead to reduction of hunger and malnutrition for all population groups at all levels. The elimination of food taboos, cututral practices and eating habits that negatively impact on the nutritional status of women, girls, men and boys should ensured to a health and active population. Further, advocating small livestock and fish farming by vulnerable population groups will contribute to nutrition security at all levels. Problem Definition Inadequate household, community and national food and nutrition security Policy Statements i. Promotion of women’s and other vulnerable groups access to and control over agricultural productive resources and technologies for food and nutrition security ii. Reduction of nutritional disorders among women, men and children iii. Enhancement of gender mainstreaming in agriculture structures, systems and programmes 3.4 POLICY PRIORITY AREA 4: NATURAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE Promoting gender mainstreaming in natural resources, environmental and climate change management is critical in ensuring involvement of women’s, men’s, girls and boys at all levels. Sustaining use of natural resources and environment is important for ensuring 5 sustainable development and health future populations. Problem Definition Unequal participation of women, men, girls and boys and other vulnerable groups in the sound management, conservation and utilization of natural resources and the environment for sustainable development. Policy Statements i. Participation and involvement of women, men, girls, boys and vulnerable groups in planning, designing, implementation and evaluation of natural resources, climate achange and environmental policies and programmes. ii. Minimisation of negative natural resource, environmental and climate change impacts thereby enhancing environmental benefits of projects to the majority of the vulnerable groups. Iii Enhancement of gender mainstreaming in natural resources, climate change and enviromental structures, systems and programmes 3.5 POLICY PRIORITY AREA 5: GOVERNANCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Ensuring equal participation of men and women, boys and girls and poor vulnerable groups in leadership and management structures is important for transparent and accountable governance systems and promotion and protection of human rights. To attain this, the government through this policy, shall review national laws, policies and programmes so that they are in harmony with international and regional protocols, treaties and declarations to which Malawi is a party to. Problem Definition Low representation of women in politics and decision making positions and persistent discrimination against women and girl child. Policy Statements i. Promotion of full and equal participation of women men, girls and boys in politics and decision-making at all levels ii. Ratification of International Conventions, Declarations and other legal instruments on Human Rights to which Malawi is a signatory. iii. Creation of a conducive policy and legal environment for women and men of Malawi to enjoy their human rights. iv. Building capacity of civil society, private sector and government institutions on gender and human rights. 6 3.6 POLICY PRIORITY AREA 6: POVERTY ERADICATION THROUGH ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT Ensuring the integration of gender issues and concerns in national economic development policies and strategies guarantee equal access to employment opportunities, ownership of productive resources, capital and credit and control over benefits of investments for men and women, the youth, boys and girls. Capacity building of men and women, the youth, boys and girls in business management and credit management, and technological/skills development is important for sustaining their participation in national economic development. Problem Definition Inadquate women’s economic and social empowerment and low participation of women in wage employment at all levels. Policy Statements i. Promotion of women’s and vulnerable groups’ access to and control over productive resources and economic opportunities. ii. Integration of gender into overall national development policies, programmes and systems of industry and trade sector iii. Advocatecreation of favourable environment for equal employment opportunities and benefits for women and men in both formal and informal sectors. iv. Avocate creation of favourable and safe environment for equal participation of men and women in trade including international trade. v. Promote gender mainstreaming in poverty eradication and economic empowerment structures, systems and programmes 3.7 POLICY PRIORITY AREA 7: GENDER AND HIV AND AIDS To effectively fight and mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS on the population and the economy, promoting gender mainstreaming and addressing harmful cultural practices are critical components for ensuring effective and long lasting prevention, treatment, care and support services for HIV and AIDS. Problem Definition Limited Gender Responsive HIV and AIDS programming. Policy Statements i. Promote mainstreaming of gender in all HIV and AIDS policies and programmes ii. Address the specific gender needs of different groups with respect to behavioral change, treatment, care and support interventions relating to HIV and AIDS. 7 iii. Advocate for elimination of harmful cultural practices that exacerbate the spread of HIV. 3.8 POLICY PRIORITY AREA 8: GENDER BASED VIOLENCE Gender based violence is a gross violation of human and people’s rights at all levels. Advocating for its elimination shall ensure respect of human rights and diginity, peace among all peoples and shall enhance sustainable social and economic development.of the country. Problem Definition Limited enforcement of laws and implementation of policies and socio economic programmes and services on the elimination of Gender Based Violence. Policy Statements i. Enhancement of formulation and enforcement of laws and implementation of policies and programmes related to gender based violence ii. Improvement of the response and access to socioeconomic services by victims of gender based violence. iii. Improvement of knowledge, on human rights with respect to women’s and children’s rights. iv. Elimination of all forms of human trafficking especially of women and children v. Advocate for elimination of harmful cultural practices that perpetuate gender based violence and discrimination against women and the girl child. 4.0 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 4.1 Institutional Arrangements The Institutional Framework for implementation of the National Gender Policy shall comprise structures and institutions within the public sector, private sector, the civil society including faith and community based organizations and various donors and development partners. These structures and institutions shall be under the overall direction of the National Gender Machinery which has the mandate to spearhead the coordination for the implementation of the National Gender Policy. The National Gender Machinery shall specifically be responsible for: Providing overall policy direction and spearhead and oversee the formulation, implementation and review of the National Gender Policy; Coordinating advocating, lobbying and networking on issues of gender with all sectors; 8 Providing Institutional strengthening and capacity development initiatives that advance gender equality. Mobilising resources for allocation towards gender mainstreaming and gender activities; Providing technical guidance and backstopping services to all sectors including gender training, gender research and analysis and planning skills to build capacity for gender responsive interventions; Establishing and maintaining a gender resource centre; Development Planning and Cooperation shall champion mainstreaming of gender in Public Sector Investment Programme and Malawi Growth and Development Strategy including its monitoring tool using generic gender mainstreaming guidelines. Ministry of Finance shall champion mainstreaming of gender in the national budget using gender budgeting and auditing tools. The Ministry shall ensure adequate financing of gender related activities. Office of the President and Cabinet shall champion mainstreaming of gender in public sector policies and in human resource management using generic gender mainstreaming tools and gender mainstreaming guidelines on human resource management Other line Ministries and Departments shall mainstreaming gender in their policies and programmes using various gender mainstreaming guidelines. The Judiciary shall ensure effective enforcement of laws related to implementation of the policy. The Legislature shall enact laws related to implementation of the policy Civil society organizations shall play critical role in the implementation of the policy Development Partners and Donors shall ensure mobilization of resources for the implementation of the policy 4.2 Implementation Plan The implementation plan highlights policy outcomes, objectives, responsibility, time frame and estimated cost over a period of 5 years. Detailed implementation plan is attached at appendix 1. 4.3 Monitoring and Evaluation The National Gender Policy implementation will be monitored on monthly, quarterly and annual basis through programme specific reports, quarterly technical working group meetings 9 and annual meetings for the policy makers. Details of monitoring and evalution planh are contained in Appendix 2. REFERENCES Aikman, S. (2004), “Achieving Gender Equality in Adult Basic Education”. A Beyond Access Project Policy Paper. AU and UNICEF, ( ). “AU Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child”. CEDAW, (2006). “Concluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Malawi” CIDA and DFID, (2006). “Documentation of Human Rights Violations in Malawi”. Research Report. Government of Malawi, (1997). “The National Platform for Action”. Government of Malawi (2000). The Constitution of the Republic of Malawi Government of Malawi, (2003). “National HIV/AIDS Policy: A Call to Renewed Action”. Government of Malawi, (2004). “National Gender Programme”. Government of Malawi (2004). National Strategy for Community Participation in Primary School Management”. Government of Malawi (2006). “Gender in Public Budgeting: Guidelines and Checklist”. Government of Malawi, (2006). “Malawi Growth and Development Strategy: From Poverty to Prosperity 2006-2011”. Government of Malawi, (2006). “National Youth Policy”. Liwewe, M.O. et al, (2006). “Gender Needs Assessment of the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy”. Maluwa-Banda, D, (2003). “Gender Sensitive Educational Policy and Practice: The Case of Malawi”. MHRC, (2006). “Gender Based Violence at the Workplace with a focus on Maternity Leave”. MoEVT,(2006). “Education Management Information System 2006: Education Statistics. MoGYCS, (2000). “National Gender Policy”. MoMNRE, (2004). “Malawi National Strategy for Sustainable Development”. MoMNRE, (2006). “Malawi’s National Adaptation Programmes of Action”. 10 National AIDS Commission, (2005). “Malawi HIV and AIDS National Action Framework 2005-2009”. NSO (2004/05). “ Integrated Household Survey. NSO and ORC Macro, (2004). “Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004”. NSO and UNICEF, (2006). “Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006: Monitoring the Situation of Children and Women”. Oxfam, (2003). “Dissemination and popularisation of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa”. Oxfam, (2005). “Beyond Access for Girls and Boys: How to achieve good-quality, gender equitable education.” Oxfam, (2005). “Making it Happen: Political will for gender equality in education”. SADC, (2006). “SADC Protocol on Gender and Development”. Draft. Sarah Bott et al, (2005). “Preventing and responding to gender-based violence in middle and low income countries: a global review and analysis.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. Sever, Charlie, (2005). “The Gender, Poverty, Governance Nexus: Key issues and current debates” Sibale, B. et al, ( ). “Fast Tracking Achievement of MDGs through Economic Empowerment of Women: Policy Interventions to meet MDG 3 in Low Income Countries: Lessons from Malawi”. Simwaka, L.K., (2007). “National Gender Policy Review: Issues Paper”. States parties - Malawi UNDP, (2006). “Human Development Report 2006: Beyond Scarcity; Power, poverty and the global water crisis”. UNFPA, UNIFEM and OSAGI, (2005). “Combating Gender-Based Violence: A Key to Achieving the MDGS”. United Nations, (2004). “Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under WLSA and SARDC, (2005). Beyond Inequalities 2005: Women in Malawi”. WLSA, (2006). “Domestic Violence in Malawi”. An Awareness Handbook. World Bank, (2003). “Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals.” 11 GLOSSARY Persons with Disability: persons with sensory, physical impairment Vulnerable persons: these include orphans, persons with disabilities, majority of women. National Machinery: it is a single body or a complex organized system of bodies, often under different authorities, but recognized by the government as the institution dealing with the promotion of the status of women (ILO, 1995). The Ministry of Women and Child Development is the National Gender Machinery. Post Exposure Prophylaxis: treatment given to a person after being exposed to HIV infection Six food groups: staples; legumes; fats and substitutes; fruits; vegetables; and food from animals. Gender issues: these are issue, which consider the conditions and position of men and women in society. If there are differences in opportunities, roles and situations between men and women, including access to and control in decision making, gender issues arise. Gender mainstreaming: Mainstreaming gender is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in any area and at all levels. It is a strategy for making the concerns and experiences of women as well as of men an integral part of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres, so that women and men benefit equally, and inequality is not perpetuated. Gender equity: means that men and women are treated fairly. Gender equality: means women and men have identical rights and status under society and the law. 28 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Implementation Plan IMPLEMENTATION PLAN POLICY GOAL : To mainstream gender in the national development process in order to enhance participation of women and men, girls and boys for attainment of sustainable and equitable development Policy Area Outcome Objectives Responsibility Time Frame Estimated Cost (USD) 1. Gender Literacy and Training Equal access to education and training for all gender groups (men, women, boys and girls To increase access, retention and completion to quality education for girls and boys MoGCCD, MoEST Civil Society Organizations, Universities 2011-2015 1,541,700 2. Gender and Health Vibrant and health men,women, boys and girls To ensure gender issues and concerns are addressed throughout the health sector; MoH, BLM,CHAM,FPAM,MoGCCD,MoYD&S 2011-2015 516,300 3.Agriculture Food and Nutrition Security Interest of gender groups will be addressed in all macro and sectoral policies and programmes To strengthen gender mainstreaming in the agriculture, food and nutrition security sector; MoA, MoIWD,DoNHIV/AIDS NASFAM, Private Sector, MoGCCD, CSOs 2011-2015 1,278,100 Vibrant and health men,women, boys and girls MoA, MoIWD,DoNHIV/AIDS NASFAM, Private Sector, MoGCCD, CSOs 2011-2015 13 4.Natural Resources and Enviroment, Climate Change and Enviroment Interest of gender groups will be addressed in all policies and programmes To strengthen gender mainstreaming in the natural resources and environment and climate change in order to achieve equality and sustainable environmental development; DoF, MoAF&S, MoIWD,Dept of Env.Affairs, MoGCCD, CSOs 2011-2015 594,200 Enhance participation of women and men in social economic development MoICE, MoGCCD, Private Sector, CSOs 2011-2015 5. Governance and Human Rights Peace, harmony and respect of human dignity. To eliminate gender based violence child abuse and human trafficking; MoLGRD, MoGCCD, MHRC, MoICE, Media,CSOs, Political Parties,OPC, Legislature, 2011-2015 1,866,200 Interest of gender groups will be addressed in all macro and sectoral policies and programmes To promote women’s participation in politics and decision making MoLGRD,MoGCCD, MHRC, MoICE, Media,CSOs, Political Parties,OPC, Legislature,MEC 2011-2015 6. Poverty Eradication through Economic Empowerment No discrimination in employment To reduce poverty among women and vulnerable groups through economic empowerment MoGCCD, MoICE,,CSOs, Private Sector,OPC, MoF, 2011-2015 1,174,300 Equal opportunities in employment across the sectors among men and women MoGCCD, MoICE, ,CSOs, Private Sector,OPC, MoF, 2011-2015 14 7. Gender and HIV and AIDS Vibrant and health men,women boys and girls To ensure gender concerns and issues are mainstreamed in all activities related to HIV and AIDS; MoH, DNHIV/AIDS, NAC, CSOs, Private Sector, MoGCCD 2011-2015 1,357,600 Interest of gender groups will be addressed in all macro and sectoral policies and programmes MoH, DNHIV/AIDS, NAC, CSOs, Private Sector, MoGCCD 2011-2015 8. Gender Based Violence Peace, harmony and respect of human dignity To eliminate gender based violence, child abuse and human trafficking; MoPS&IA, Judiciary, MoJCA, MoGCCD,CSOs 2011-2015 1,009,400 Coordination MoGCCD 2011-2015 1,000,000 Total all Policy Areas 10,337,800 Appendix 2: Policy Impact Monitoring and Evaluation OVERALL POLICY GOAL: To mainstream gender in the national development process in order to enhance participation of women and men, girls and boys for sustainable and equitable development. Specific Objective Indicator Source of Data Current Situation (baseline data) Desired target Key Milestones Responsibility for Implementation Time Frame POLICY PRIORITY 1: GENDER AND HEALTH To increase access to health services for women, men, boys and girls and all vulnerable groups. EHP coverage HMIS, MDHS 9% >40% Effective EHP RHU, MoH, FPAM, BLM, CHAM, MoYS, NYCoM, MoF, FBOs, Media Continuously OPD service utilization per 1,000 population HMIS, MDHS 800/1,000 population >1,000/1,000 population OPD utilization by majority 15 Specific Objective Indicator Source of Data Current Situation (baseline data) Desired target Key Milestones Responsibility for Implementation Time Frame To lobby for improvement of quality health services so that they equitably address the needs of women, girls, men and boys and all vulnerable groups OPD service utilization per 1000 population HMIS 800/1000 population >1,000/1,000 population OPD utilization by majority MoGCCD, RHU, MOH, FPAM, BLM, CHAM, MoYS, NYCoM, FBOs, Media, MHRC, HRRC, NGOs, FBOs, NSO, CSR, MZUNI Continuously Nurse/population ratio HMIS 1:4,000 1:2000 Low nurse/population ratio Doctor/population ratio HMIS, MOH reports 1:62,000 1:25,000 Low doctor/population ratio % national budget contribution to the health sector MOF, MOH 11.1% >20% 25% budget contrition to health sector To reduce high maternal and neonatal mortality rate to acceptable levels in Malawi Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) HMIS, MDHS 984/100,000 Low maternal mortality ratio MoGCCD, RHU, MoH, FPAM, BLM, CHAM, MoYS, NYCoM, FBOs, Media, UNIMA, MoF, DHRMD, MZUNI, NMCM, MoEPD Continuously Infant Mortality rate (IMR) HMIS, MDHS 76/1,000 Low infant mortality rate % of health facilities providing ANC and/or maternity services with at least the minimum package of PMTCT services in the past 12 months HMIS, MDHS n.a. >75% Rising number of health facilities providing ANC % HIV+ pregnant women receiving a complete course of ARV prophylaxis to reduce the risk of MTCT NAC reports 6.9% >80% Rising number of HIV+ women receiving complete course of ARVs % of women delivering at health facility MDHS 57% >80% Rising number of women delivering at health facility POLICY PRIORITY 2: GENDER, LITERACY, AND TRAINING To increase access to quality education to all school age children at (early childhood) Literacy rate NCLAE, EMIS 63.9% >85% Rising overall literacy rate particularly for women MoGCCD, MoEVT, ACEM, Judiciary, Continuously 16 Specific Objective Indicator Source of Data Current Situation (baseline data) Desired target Key Milestones Responsibility for Implementation Time Frame primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Female literacy rate NCLAE, EMIS 50.5% >85% Rising female literacy rate Media, UNIMA, MZUNI, TEVET, PRISAM, Judiciary, MoEVT, MoH, MoGCCD, NGOs, FBOs, UNICEF, UNFPA, MANEB, FAWEMA, MoLGRD, Communities, Plan Malawi, Legislature, Law Commission, Youth literacy rate NYCoM, EMIS 74.9% 95% Rising youth literacy rate Primary school repetition rates by gender EMIS 16% girls 17% boys <8% <8% Declining trend of primary school repetition rates Transition rate into secondary school EMIS 35% >70% Rising secondary school transition To promote the development and use of gender responsive curriculum, educational materials and equipment at all levels. % of institutions with gender sensitive Curricula and educational materials MoE n.a. 100% Gender sensitive curricula and educational materials MoEVT, MoGCCD, MIE, ACEM, FAWEMA, PRISAM, Media, NGOs, FBOs, UNIMA, MoF, UNICEF, Plan Malawi, Continuously To reduce dropout rates of girls and boys at all levels of education. Completion rates in primary school EMIS 28% >50% Rising completion rates MoEVT, MoGCCD, MIE, ACEM, FAWEMA, PRISAM, Media, NGOs, FBOs, UNIMA, MoF, UNICEF, Plan Mw, Communities, NGO CGN, Police, Legislature, Law Commission, MoJ, ILO Continuously Primary school dropout rate by gender EMIS 23% girls 21% boys <10% <10% Reduced dropout rates To increase enrolment of girls in sciences and technology, Primary school net enrolment rate by gender EMIS 108% boys 108% girls 95% Rising net primary school rates MoGCCD, MoEVT, TEVETA, MoLSD, NGOs, FBOs, UNIMA, UNICEF, NYCoM, MoYDS, Continuously Primary school gross enrolment rate by gender EMIS 124% girls 128% boys 90% Rising primary school gross enrolment rate Secondary school net EMIS 10% girls 50% Rising net 17 Specific Objective Indicator Source of Data Current Situation (baseline data) Desired target Key Milestones Responsibility for Implementation Time Frame enrolment rate by gender 11% boys secondary school enrolment rate Communities, MIE, MZUNI, TEVETA, MoLSD, FAWEMA, UNFPA, PRISAM, DHRMD, NRC, MoAFS, Dept. of Forestry Secondary school gross enrolment rate by gender EMIS 15% girls 20% boys 60% Rising gross secondary school enrolment rate To empower women and men through equitable access to adult basic education Adult literacy programme enrolment rate by gender NCLAE n.a. 50% women 50% men Rising adult literacy programme enrolment rate MoGCCD, NCLAE, NGOs, SIDA, ICELAND, MoEPD, MoF, MIE, FBOs, DAGG, Private Sector, NGO GCN Continuously No. of literacy classes throughout the country NCLAE n.a. ? Rising number of literacy classes POLICY PRIORITY 3: AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY To increase women’s and other vulnerable groups access to and control over agricultural productive resources and technologies for food and nutrition security % of food secure households MoAFS, MoEPD 67% 100% Food secure households MoGCCD, MoAFS, OPC/N &HIV/AIDS, MoEPD, MoF, DHRMD, OPC, NGOs, FBOs, ADMARC, MoPDE, Media, MITDC, MEDI, Law Commission, Legislator, WLSA, Judiciary, ARET, National Research Council, NSO, Continuously Per capita cereal availability MoAFS, MoEP 170 kg >270% Adequate cereals per household Average maize yields per hectare MoAFS, MoEP 809 Kg >3000 Kg Rising yields per hectare Gender Agriculture Cooperatives formed and operating MoAFS 211 >281 Gender sensitive cooperatives To reduce nutritional disorders among women and children % of children who are stunted MDHS 22% <10% Low cases of nutritional disorders MoAFS, MEDI, UNIMA, OPC/N&HIV/AIDS, ADMARC, Communities, NGOs, FBOs, MoGCCD, MoH, UNIMA, MoICE, MIE, NSO, NRCM, CSR Continuously % of women with nutritional deficiency MDHS 9% <5% Low cases of nutritional deficiencies amongst women 18 Specific Objective Indicator Source of Data Current Situation (baseline data) Desired target Key Milestones Responsibility for Implementation Time Frame POLICY PRIORITY 4: NATURAL RESOURCES, CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENT To increase participation and involvement of women, men, girls, boys and vulnerable groups in planning, designing, implementation and evaluation of natural resources and the environment % of men and women, boys and girls involved in all process of natural mgt MoEPD, Dept of Env reports n.a. 75% Active involvement of men, women boys and girls in natural and environmental management MoGCCD, Dept of Env, NSO, CRS, MoMNR, NGOs, UNIMA, MoAFS, MIRDC, MoICE, MoEPD, Media Continuously To minimize negative natural resource and environmental impacts thereby enhancing environmental benefits of projects to the majority of the vulnerable groups. % of affected population NAPA M&E reports, DoDRM reports n.a <5% Reduced environmental vulnerability and impacts MoGCCD, MoPDE, Media, MoMNR, Dept of Env, NGOs, FBOs, MoICE, DAs, Town, City and Municipal Councils, MIRTD, UNIMA, MEDI, NGOs, Private Sector, MoAFS Continuously POLICY PRIORITY 5: GOVERNANCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS To promote full and equal participation of women men, girls and boys in decision-making at all levels % of women and girls participating in decision making at all levels MoGCCD, D, WLSA, MoLGRD reports n.a. 50% Increasing number of women and girls participating in decision making MoGCCD, MoLGRD, NGOs, MHRC, HRCC, HRRC, DAs, Political parties, MoLGRD, WLSA, MGTT, Legislature, OPC, Media, MoICE, DHRMD, Media Continuously To effect all International Conventions, Declarations and other legal instruments on Human Rights to which Number of conventions, declarations and instruments implemented Judiciary, MoJ reports n.a. 100% Implementation of conventions, declarations and instruments Malawi is a party To. MoGCCD, Law Commission, Judiciary, Legislature 19 Specific Objective Indicator Source of Data Current Situation (baseline data) Desired target Key Milestones Responsibility for Implementation Time Frame Malawi is a signatory. To create a conducive policy and legal environment for women and men of Malawi to enjoy their human rights. Number of reported human rights violation cases effectively resolved Malawi Police reports, MHRC, MHRRC, MoWCD N.a. 0 Reduced cases of human rights violations MoGCCD, Law Commission, Judiciary, OPC, Legislature, Media, MIE, MHRC, NGO GCN, DHRMD, HRRC, HRCC, Continuously Average time taken to process human rights complaints reported MHRC reports n.a. < 1 week Minimal complaints processing time % of population aware about their basic human rights MHRC, MHRRC reports n.a. >85% Universal awareness of human rights To build capacity of civil society, private sector and government institutions on gender and human rights. % of government, private sector and civil society institutions with capacity in gender and human rights MoGCCD,, MHRRC reports n.a. >85% Effective public, NGO and private sector organizations in gender and human rights POLICY PRIORITY 6: POVERTY ERADICATION THROUGH ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT To promote women’s access to and control over productive resources and economic opportunities % of women accessing and having control over productive resources Economic reports, MoGCCD, M&E reports, MoEPD M&E reports n.a. >50% Economically empowered women MoGCCD, MEDI, SEDOM, DEMAT, DHRMD, TEVET, UNIMA, MoTrade, MIPA, MEPEC, MCCCI, MoPDE, MoLVT, OPC, MoEPD, MoF, Bingu Silver Grey, Foundation, MIRTDC, Continuously To integrate gender issues into overall national development strategies and solicit support from development partners. % of gender sensitive national development strategies MoEPD, MoGCCD, n.a. 100% Gender sensitive national development strategies MoGCCD, MoEPD, OPC, DHRMD Continuously 20 Specific Objective Indicator Source of Data Current Situation (baseline data) Desired target Key Milestones Responsibility for Implementation Time Frame To create a favourable environment for equal employment opportunities and benefits for women and men in both formal and informal sectors. % women employed in the formal sector MDHS, IHS, MoLVT n.a. >85% Equitable employment between men and women MoGCCD, MoLVT, Malawi Law Commission, OPC, MoEPD, Judiciary, MHRC, FBOs, MoTrade, MEDI, MoLVT, MIPA Continuously POLICY PRIORITY 7: GENDER AND HIV AND AIDS To mainstream gender concerns and gender issues in all HIV and AIDS strategies. % of HIV and AIDS national and sectoral strategies (including NGOs and civil society) which have mainstreamed gender. MoGCCD,, NAC reports n.a. >75% Gender sensitive national and sectoral HIV and AIDS strategies MoGCCD, NAC, Media, OPC/N&HIV and AIDS, NGOs, MBCA, MIAA, NAPHAM, MANET+, NAC, MHRC, NGOs, FBOs, Police, Judiciary, Law Commission, Traditional Leaders, MoH, CHAM, NAC, BLM, Pvt Sector, Judiciary Law on elimination of harmful cultural practices that promote women’s susceptibility and vulnerability to HIV and AIDS enacted MoJ, Judiciary none Available law Declining harmful cultural practices To promote behavior change and preventive interventions relating to HIV and AIDS to address the specific gender needs of the different categories of the vulnerable groups HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years MDHS, NAC reports 14.3% 10% Reduced HIV prevalence rate amongst women aged 15-24 NAPHAM, MANET+, NAC, Communities, MoH, CHAM, NAC, MoGCCD, HEU, MoH, MoICE, NGOs, FBOs, OPC Continuously HIV prevalence among 15-49 age group NAC M&E reports, MDHS 14% <10% Reduced HIV prevalence amongst economically active group % sexually active persons who have voluntary tested for BSS 15% women 13% men 50% women 50% men Rising number of people testing for 21 Specific Objective Indicator Source of Data Current Situation (baseline data) Desired target Key Milestones Responsibility for Implementation Time Frame HIV by gender HIV POLICY PRIORITY 8: GENDER BASED VIOLENCE To enhance formulation and enforcement of laws and policies related to gender based violence No. of laws and policies related to GBV MoGCCD, n.a. >85% Reduced cases of GBV MoGCCD, MoHA, MoLGRD, Media, Judiciary, Law Commission, Law Commission, NGOs, OPC, NGO GCN, MoEPD, MoF, Media Continuously No. of reported GBV cases MoWCD, Police, NGOs reports n.a. <100/month Declining number of GBV cases To improve the response and access to socioeconomic services to address Gender Based Violence % of women economically empowered IHS, MoEPD/VAC, n.a. 75% Rising number of economically empowered women MoGCCD, WLSA, NAC, OPC/N&HIV, MoH, CHAM, BLM, NGOs, Law Commission, NGO GCN, Media, MoEPD Continuously To improve knowledge, attitudes and practices on gender-based violence issues. % of population that is aware about GBV issues MoGCCD, WLSA, NGO GCN reports n.a. 80% Universal GBV awareness MoGCCD, WLSA, NAC, OPC/N&HIV, MoH, CHAM, BLM, Police, MoHA, MoJ, NGOs, MoEST, NGOs, Police, Judiciary, MoLHPP Continuously To eliminate all forms of human trafficking especially women and children No of reported human trafficking cases MoGCCD, Police, MHRC reports n.a. 0 Reducing cases of human trafficking MoGCCD, NAMISA, Media Council, MoICE, NGO GCN, Law Commission, MHRC, HRRC, Legislature, MoICE, NGOs Continuously