Agriculture Sector Gender HIV and AIDS Strategy

1.1 Background......................................................................................15

1.1.1 Situation analysis of the Agriculture Sector in Malawi................15

1.1.2 Situation analysis of Gender..........................................................15

1.1.3 Situation analysis of HIV and AIDS...............................................17

1.1.4 Relationships between Gender, HIV and AIDS and Agriculture.18

1.2 Process for developing the Gender, HIV and AIDS Strategy......19 2. Rationale.........................................................................................19

2.1 Lessons from previous Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy (2003-2008).....................................................................................19

2.2 Gender, HIV and AIDS issues........................................................20

2.3 Institutional capacity and coordination issues..............................22

2.4 Climate change Issues...................................................................23

2.5 Agro-biodiversity issues.................................................................23 3. Relevant development policy frameworks............................23

3.1 The Malawi Growth and Development Strategy...........................23

3.2 The Agriculture Sector Wide Approach (ASWAp).......................24

3.3 The Draft National Gender Policy (NGP)......................................24

3.4 The National HIV and AIDS Framework (NAF)............................25

3.5 The National Food Security Policy................................................25

3.6 The National Nutrition Policy..........................................................25

3.7 International Conventions, Declarations and Frameworks.........25 4. Guiding principles........................................................................26 5. Goals, purpose and objectives.................................................27

5.1 Goal..................................................................................................27

5.2. Purpose............................................................................................27 3 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY

5.3 Expected Outcomes and Indicators of the Strategy....................27

5.4 Strategic Pillars and specific Objectives.....................................28

5.5 Alignment of Strategic pillars and specific objectives to ASWAp...........................................................................................29 6. Outcomes, Indicators and actions of Strategic Objectives........31 7. Results framework..........................................................................49 8. Implementation arrangements......................................................49

8.1 Coordination and Policy Guidance..............................................49

8.2 Roles of stakeholders and Partners.............................................52

8.3 Monitoring and Evaluation.............................................................55

8.4 Sustainability mechanisms............................................................56 ANNEX 1: Alignment of objectives from the GHA strategy to national policies.............................................................57

ANNEX 2: Results Framework.......................................................60 4 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY List of Abbreviations ADC Area Development Committee ADD Agricultural Development Division ADP Agriculture Development Programme AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ASWAp Agriculture Sector Wide Approach CAADP Comprehensive African Agriculture Programme CBO Community Based Organization CDM Centre for Development Management CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women CHH Child Headed Household CISANET Civil Society Agriculture Network CISONECC Civil Society Network on Climate Change COWFA Coalition of Women Farmers CSO Civil Society Organisation DADO District Agriculture Development Officers DAESS District Agricultural Extension Services System DC District Council DCCMS Department for Climate Change and Metrological Services DEC District Executive Committee DFID UK’s Department for International Development DIO District Irrigation Officer DNHA Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS DoDMA Department of Disaster Management Affairs DPF District Partners Forum DPSM Department of Public Sector Management and Development EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FHH Female Headed Household FISP Farm Input Subsidy Program FRIM Forestry Research Institute of Malawi FUM Farmers Union of Malawi GBV Gender Based Violence GDP Gross Domestic Product GEI Gender Equality Index GHA Gender, HIV and AIDS GII Gender Inequality Index 5 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY GoM Government of Malawi HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IEC Information, Education and Communication IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development LDF Local Development Fund M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MBCA Malawi Business Coalition on HIV and AIDS MDGs Millennium Development Goals MDHS Malawi Demographic and Health Survey MDPC Ministry of Development Planning and Cooperation MFI Microfinance Institutions MGDS Malawi Growth and Development Strategy MHH Male Headed Household MIRTDC Malawi Industrial Research and Technology Development Council MoAFS Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security MoEP&D Ministry of Economic Planning and Development MoF Ministry of Finance MoGCSW Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Welfare MoIWD Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development MoJ Ministry of Justice MoL Ministry of Labour MoLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development NAC National AIDS Commission NACAL National Census of Agriculture and Livestock NAF National Action Framework NASFAM National Smallholder Farmers’ Association of Malawi NGP National Gender Policy/Programme NSO National Statistical Office OPC Office of the President and Cabinet ORT Other Recurrent Transactions OVC Orphans and other Vulnerable Children PLHIV People Living with HIV RENEWAL Regional Network on AIDS, Food Security and Livelihoods SACCO Savings and Credit Cooperatives Organisation SADC Southern Africa Development Community STI Sexually Transmitted Infections TA Technical Assistant 6 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY TBD To be determined ToR Terms of Reference TWG Technical Working Group UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNGASS UN General Assembly Special Session on AIDS UNGG United Nations Gender Group USAID United States Agency for International Development VDC Village Development Committee WHO World Health Organisation 7 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Foreword The Government of Malawi recognises the importance of Gender, HIV and AIDS in development. For this reason, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security is committed to addressing these issues in the sector. Therefore, in collaboration with its partners, this strategy has been developed to guide all stakeholders in the implementation of Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive programs and projects between 2012 and 2017. The strategy has been developed through a national participatory process, which involved consultations with a wide range of stakeholders at all levels. The main guiding documents for the strategy are: Agriculture Sector Wide Approach (ASWAp), the draft National Gender Policy and the National HIV and AIDS Action Framework. It is also aligned with the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals and the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy. The purpose of the strategy is to promote gender equality, prevent the spread of HIV and mitigate the impacts of AIDS in order to increase agricultural productivity in line with ASWAp priorities. The strategy has three strategic pillars namely (i) Quality participation of women and other vulnerable gender categories in ASWAp focus areas and key support services (ii) Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technology generation and dissemination and (iii) Effective coordination, Capacity Building and resource mobilization. The Government strongly believes that the strategy will contribute to the national development agenda by addressing gender inequalities, preventing the spread of HIV and reducing the impacts of AIDS in the agriculture sector. My Ministry is ready and committed to support stakeholders in the implementation of the strategy. I therefore appeal to 8 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Government Line Ministries and Departments, Development Partners, the Civil Society, the Private Sector and Farmers for their commitment and concerted efforts in the implementation of the same. Honourable Professor Peter N. Mwanza, M.P Minister of Agriculture and Food Security 9 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Acknowledgement The process of developing the Agriculture Sector Gender, HIV and AIDS Strategy was a result of combined efforts and support of various organizations which included the National Smallholder Farmers’ Association of Malawi (NASFAM), Action Aid, Civil Society Agriculture Network (CISANET), Bunda College of Agriculture, Regional Network on AIDS, Food Security and Livelihoods (RENEWAL), Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Welfare (MoGCSW), National AIDS Commission (NAC) and United Nations Gender Group (UNGG). Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security would like to express its gratitude for their contribution. The Ministry would also like to thank all members of the Technical Working Group on Gender, HIV and AIDS and the National Taskforce on Gender, HIV and AIDS in the Agriculture sector for their input into the whole process of developing the strategy. Particularly, the Ministry would like to thank Dr. G. M. E. Malindi for providing guidance during the strategy formulation process. In addition, the MoAFS extends its vote of thanks to the following experts for their technical reviews of the issues paper and the strategy: Ms. F. L. Kayuni, Mr. A. Chikomola, Mr. B. Mandula, Mr. A. Namakhoma, Mr. K. Chaula, Mrs Y. Madhlopa, Mr. S. Bota, Ms V. Kapeleta, Mrs. G. Kalinde Thaulo, Ms. Iratxe Pérez Urdiales, Mr. K. Matekenya, Ms. S. Kankwamba, Mr. H. Malata, Mr. V. Mhoni, Mr. J. Kazima, Dr. C. Mthinda, Mr. K. Mikwamba, Ms. M.B. Lwanda and Mr. M. Longwe. The Ministry would also like to sincerely thank Ms. M. Remme and Mr R. Malumelo, FAO Gender, HIV and AIDS Specialists, who tirelessly worked with the Ministry’s officials, the taskforce members and the consultants in developing this strategy. The Ministry further extends its gratitude to Mr. B. B. Sibale, Mr. P. Mbiko Jere and Mrs. P. Munthali of Centre for Development Management for the technical assistance provided during the strategy development process. The Ministry also acknowledges the valuable input by Agricultural Development Divisions, District Councils, District Agricultural 10 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Development Offices, Extension Workers, the Private Sector, Traditional Leaders, Civil Society Organizations and Farmers. Finally, sincere gratitude goes to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and other partners for the technical and financial support provided. Jeffrey H. Luhanga, (PhD) Secretary for Agriculture and Food Security September, 2012 11 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Executive Summary Agriculture is the most important sector of the Malawi economy. The sector employs about 80 percent of the workforce and contributes over 80 percent of foreign exchange earnings. It accounts for 39 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) and contributes significantly to national and household food and nutrition security. More than 85 percent of rural households derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Although it is such an important sector of the economy, gender disparities and HIV issues are among the major constraints that affect its contribution to sustainable development in the country. Therefore the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security is committed to addressing gender, HIV and AIDS issues in the sector. In the agriculture sector, women provide 70 percent of the workforce and produce 80 percent of food for home consumption. However, there are disparities between men and women in their access to and control over agriculture production resources such as land, credit, extension services, farm implements and inputs. Furthermore, the participation of women in decision-making in the sector is also limited as the process is dominated by men. Women, especially widows, are most affected as they generally experience agricultural related property-grabbing including land, oxen, ploughs and inputs. They also have limited access to agricultural markets due to lack of transport, technology and price negotiation skills. Malawi continues to experience severe HIV and AIDS epidemic with prevalence rates among sexually active adults relatively higher among females at 12.9 percent than males at 8.1 percent. The effects of HIV and AIDS on agriculture include loss of persons in their most economically productive years due to death which affects both the quality and quantity of agricultural labour. AIDS related illnesses and deaths have resulted in loss of assets, income, intergenerational and technical skills, knowledge and practices thereby negatively affecting agriculture production and productivity. In 2003, the Ministry developed the first Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy for the agriculture sector which was implemented between 2003 and 2008. Building on the gaps and lessons identified from the evaluation of the 12 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY strategy in 2009, the Ministry in collaboration with various stakeholders has developed this strategy to guide the implementation of gender, HIV and AIDS responsive programs and projects in the Agriculture Sector. The strategy has been developed through a participatory process, which involved consultations with a wide range of stakeholders at all levels. The main documents that guided the development of the strategy are: Agriculture Sector Wide Approach (ASWAp), the draft National Gender Policy and the National HIV and AIDS Action Framework. The strategy is also aligned to the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals and the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy. The goal of this Strategy is to contribute to sustainable and equitable food, nutrition and income security at national, community and household level through the empowerment of women and other vulnerable gender categories. The purpose of the strategy is to promote gender equality, prevent the spread of HIV and mitigate the impacts of AIDS in order to increase agricultural productivity in line with ASWAp priorities. The strategy has 3 pillars and these are: Quality participation of women and other vulnerable gender categories in ASWAp focus areas and key support services; Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technology generation and dissemination and Effective coordination, capacity building and resource mobilization. Under these pillars, the specific objectives are: • To improve food, nutrition security and agro-based income among vulnerable groups in order to reduce gender disparities and contribute to HIV prevention and mitigation of AIDS impacts • To strengthen women’s access to and control over agriculture resources, opportunities, benefits and decision making processes at household, community and national levels • To reduce factors that promote gender inequality and spread of HIV due to agricultural related mobility and migration 13 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY • To promote generation and dissemination of gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technologies and information • To strengthen leadership and coordination of the Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy for harmonized and decentralised implementation • To mobilise, track and effectively utilise financial and technical resources for the implementation of Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy • To strengthen the gender, HIV and AIDS responsiveness of agriculture sector monitoring and evaluation system for enhanced accountability, learning and sharing • To build and sustain capacity of agriculture sector institutions and vulnerable groups to effectively mainstream gender, HIV and AIDS issues and actions The strategy implementation will focus on Women, Female Headed Households, Orphans and other Vulnerable Children, Child Headed Households, People with Disabilities, People Living with HIV, Mobile and Migrant Workers and the Elderly. The implementation structure of the strategy will enable relevant stakeholders at all levels to actively participate. At national level, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security will provide policy guidance in the implementation of the strategy through the Executive Management Committee of ASWAp. The Technical Working Group on Gender, HIV and AIDS will technically guide the implementation of the strategy. At district level, the strategy will be implemented through the District Agriculture Extension Services System with collective efforts of all stakeholders. The key stakeholders are: Public Sector Ministries, Departments and Statutory Organisations; the Private Sector; Development Partners; Training, Research and Academic Institutions and Civil Society Organisations including Faith and Farmer-Based Organizations. The results framework of this Strategy is the main tool for monitoring and evaluation. The framework spells out a set of outcomes, indicators, benchmarks and targets. Monitoring information will be collected through field visits, community feedback forums, review meetings, surveys or studies, technical and financial reports. In addition, the strategy will undergo comprehensive annual reviews which will involve stakeholders in the sector. 14 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Situation analysis of the Agriculture Sector in Malawi Agriculture is the most important sector of the Malawi economy and is comprised of the smallholder and the commercial sub-sectors. It employs about 80 percent of the workforce and contributes over 80 percent of foreign exchange earnings. The sector accounts for 39 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) out of which 70 percent is from the smallholder sub-sector. More than 85 percent of the sector is rural based (Malawi Government, 2006). There are 2.67 million smallholder farmers in the country (Malawi Government, 2007). These mainly cultivate food crops such as maize, cassava and sweet potatoes to meet their subsistence requirements on small and fragmented land holdings under customary land. Estates, on the other hand focus on high value cash crops for export such as tobacco, tea, sugar, coffee and macadamia. There is also an emerging medium scale semi-commercial sub-sector organised through farmer groups, clubs, cooperatives and associations. This group of farmers is actively involved in medium scale crop and livestock farming, agro-processing and agricultural produce marketing. While this emerging sub-sector has not been studied, anecdotal reports indicate that women are actively involved, although their level of participation has not been quantified yet. 1.1.2 Situation analysis of gender In many factors of life women are more disadvantaged than men. In Malawi the Gender Inequality Index was 0.758. This is an indication that there is huge disparities exist between males and females. The factors considered in the analysis were involved reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market (Malawi Government, 2011). Women, who constitute about 51 per cent of the country’s population of 13.1 million, are marginalized in social and economic spheres, such as agriculture health and education. For example a larger percentage of females than males (41 percent and 31 percent respectively) aged 5 years and above are illiterate.(GOM, 2008). 15 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY In agriculture there are disparities between men and women in access to and control over production resources and services. For example, fewer women (14 percent) than men (18 percent) access extension services; average land holding size for female headed households is lower (0.803 ha) than that (1.031ha) of male headed household (Malawi Government, 2007). Women, especially widows, are the main victims of agricultural related property-grabbing including land, farm implements and inputs. The participation of women in decision-making in many sectors, including agriculture, is limited as the process is dominated by men. For example, the 2004 MDHS shows that 64 percent of husbands make decisions about daily household purchases. Even at institutional level, most Summary of situation analysis of gender organizations are headed by males. For example, in August, • Gender DevelopmentIndex(GDI)- 0.374 2011 the Ministry of Agriculture • Literacy levels. Females 59%; Males 69% and Food Security (MoAFS) had 42 males against 10 • Population. Women 51%; Men 49% females in decision making • Access to extension services. Women positions and Bunda College of 14%; Men 18% Agriculture had 31 males • Average land holding size. Women 0.803 ha; Men 0.964 ha against 5 females. • Participation in HH decision making Although women provide 70 in MHH. Women 36% percent of the labour force and • Composition of agricultural labour force. produce 80 percent of food Women 70% for home consumption (UNDP and FAO 2007),they • Poverty prevalence. FHH 59%; MHH 5 1 % have little control over the • Care-giving for the sick. Women: 80% produce and benefit less • PLHIV. Women: 56-58% from the income earned. • GBV victims. 90% are women Among the fisher folk, more women are involved in agricul- tural production than men who are mostly involved in fishing which results in labour shortage for agricultural production. Women also have limited access to agricultural markets due to inadequate access to affordable modes of transport, appropriate marketing technologies and 16 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY price negotiation skills. Men dominate in the commercial sub-sector which gives them an economic advantage over women (GoM, 2007). The inequalities between men and women highlighted above exacerbate income disparities between men and women. For example, about 51 percent of the people who live in the male headed households are poor as compared to 59 percent who live in female headed households (Malawi Government, 2007). In relation to health, women are more susceptible to HIV as evidenced by the higher percentage of women aged 59 to 49 years (12.9 percent) than men of the same age bracket (8.1 percent) living with HIV.(GoM, 2011a.) More women than men are victims of gender based violence (GBV). For example 90 percent of GBV cases involve women as victims. These social problems reduce women’s contribution to and participation in the economic development of the country, including the participation in agricultural development and their response to the HIV epidemic. One of the challenges constraining responsive action is inadequate documented data and information related to agriculture and rural livelihoods. For example, there is limited data indicating levels of participation and accrued benefits for women and other vulnerable gender categories in the various agricultural value chains, programmes and projects. Even where the information is available, there is limited dissemination and sharing. 1.1.3 Situation analysis of HIV and AIDS The prevalence of HIV in the country among people aged 15 to 49 years is 10.6 percent (8.1 percent among males, 12.9 percent among females) (GoM, 2011). AIDS is negatively affecting the agriculture sector in its production and productivity. On the other hand increased agricultural related mobility and a seasonal migration promotes promiscuity which increases the risk of HIV infection. 17 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY According to the Malawi Government (2007), the effects of AIDS on agriculture include: • loss of labour • loss of production resources Summary of AIDS impacts on agriculture • loss of time for In the 2006/2007 season, among households with chronically ill persons: farming • postponement or • 33% sold produce because of the illness abandonment of • 25% engage in ganyu • 13% had to obtain loans or credit to care for farm operations the sick • loss of income • 8% sold their assets to care for the sick • acquisition of non • 20% had no time for land preparation • 33% had no time for weeding productive credit • 16% did not harvest on time loss of inter generational Source: NACAL, 2007 transfer of skills and knowledge in farming due to death of adults (Alumira, 2004). 1.1.4 Relationships between Gender, HIV and AIDS and agriculture Gender inequality predisposes women and girls to HIV infection. This is due to the limited decision making powers that women have. In the Agricultural sector, women and girls have limited access to land, improved agricultural technologies. The major agricultural investment decisions are usually taken without their consent. While they provide most of the productive labour, they rarely control the productive resources or produce, nor benefit from the proceeds of their labour. This further limits their ability to make investment decisions, which in turn reduces their capacity to attain food, income and nutrition security. Reduced crop and livestock production exacerbates household income and food insecurity. Hunger and poverty provide fertile ground for survival sex (sex for food, or sex for money) among women and girls thereby increase the risk of HIV infection. Hunger, poverty and malnutrition are some of the factors that cause household 18 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY vulnerability to AIDS impacts, and reduce its ability to return to normal (resilience) after AIDS-related shock such as illness or death of the bread winners, Furthermore, death of active adults results in Child-Headed Households (CHH) who are ill-equipped to take up farming activities because of inadequate knowledge, skills and resources for agricultural production. Since the advent of AIDS, many prime-age women have died. Women farmers are the primary custodians of knowledge, skills and experience on agro-biodiversity, and their loss has had great impact on agricultural development (Malindi et al, 2010). 1.2 Process for developing the Gender, HIV and AIDS Strategy The strategy has been developed through a participatory national process that involved reviews of international, regional and national literature and best practices on HIV, gender and their linkages with agriculture. The process included consultations with key stakeholders at national, district and community levels. Consultations were also held in 6 Agriculture Development Divisions (ADD), 7 districts and 28 villages in addition to meetings with development partners and the National Taskforce on Gender, HIV and AIDS. 1. Rationale 2.1 Lessons from previous Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy (2003 - 2008) Gender disparities and HIV issues are among the major constraints that affect agricultural production and food security in the country. This prompted the MoAFS to facilitate the development of the first Agriculture Sector gender, HIV and AIDS strategy in 2003. The strategy aimed at mainstreaming gender, HIV and AIDS in all agricultural policies, programmes and projects. It had eight strategic pillars namely: Gender, HIV and AIDS mainstreaming; Economic empowerment; Food and nutrition security; Community-based support; Workplace support; Human resources management; Action research and Expanded communication. The strategy was implemented between 2003 and 2008 and was evaluated in 2009. The findings show that some progress had been made in implementing all the pillars. However, despite the achievements made, 19 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY the implementation of the strategy faced a number of challenges, which include: • Inadequate staff and farmer knowledge and skills on gender HIV and AIDS mainstreaming • Inadequate numbers of staff to facilitate implementation of the strategy • Low commitment by various stakeholders at all levels towards gender, HIV and AIDS issues • Weak coordination among stakeholders in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the strategy • Limited funding Based on the experiences from the previous strategy, the MoAFS facilitated consultations with various stakeholders at national, district and community levels which identified key gender, HIV and AIDS issues to be addressed in this strategy as outlined below. 2.2 Gender, HIV and AIDS issues Limited participation of women in agricultural decision-making: Men make most of the decisions in agriculture which disadvantages women interms of productivity at household, community, institutional and national levels. Income disparity: Women have limited access to income which limits their investment in productive agriculture. The inequalities in income between men and women also contribute to women’s susceptibility to HIV infection and increase their vulnerability to the impacts of AIDS compared to men. Majority of men with relatively higher socio-economic status in the poor communities lure women into sex, thereby predisposing both of them to HIV infection. Limited access to and control over assets and benefits: The inequalities in access to and control over resources and benefits between men and women both in the workplace and within farming communities 20 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY increase women’s vulnerability. Women have limited access to and control over agricultural assets, resources and services such as land, credit, extension and training. This worsens their poverty and creates a cycle of dependency on men, thereby increasing the risk to HIV infection and the impacts of AIDS. Unfriendly legal environment: The current legal frameworks on land tenure, credit conditions, property and inheritance rights are less responsive to the needs of women and the other vulnerable gender categories. Limited women’s access to information and technology: Relative to men, women face more serious constraints in access to information and technologies for production and marketing of their goods and services. Unfriendly marketing systems: There is inadequate marketing infrastructure in the rural areas which forces male and female farmers to market their goods and products in distant urban areas for extended periods which in turn makes them susceptible to HIV infection. The weekly markets which normally operate until late and also serve as recreation points cause urban-rural and rural-rural mobility of people thereby increasing their vulnerability. Scarcity of agricultural produce and inputs in the rural marketing points results in scramble for the same which makes the women who have triple roles (productive, reproductive and community) to become desperate, hence involving themselves in sex for priority access. On the other hand, men who are in charge take advantage of the desperate situation and demand sex as payment for preferential access. Unequal division of labour: Women are overburdened because they perform triple roles. The demand of these multiple roles on their time negatively affects their involvement in high value income-generating activities which puts them at an economic disadvantage when compared with men who usually focus on productive and community roles only Mobility and migration: There is more mobility and migration by males than females in the agriculture sector which results in loss of family labour, agricultural knowledge and skills. Seasonal and occasional migration of 21 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY estate and casual workers, fisher folk, tenants and agriculture sector employees without the accompaniment of their spouses presents risk of HIV infection both among the migrants and their spouses. Changes in gender categories involved in agriculture: Due to AIDS, there are more widows, elderly and Child Headed Households (CHH) who do not have reliable income, agricultural knowledge and skills. Disruption of social support systems: AIDS has increased the diminishing of the social support system due to increased illnesses and deaths. The support from extended families and kinship systems that provide critical welfare functions like provision of communal labour or sharing of food is overstretched or no longer functional. 2.3 Institutional capacity and coordination issues Diversion of resources: Increased cases of HIV related illnesses and deaths of agriculture sector results in diversion of financial and other resources meant for agricultural development to provision of medical treatment, care for the sick and covering costs for funerals. Loss of knowledgeable, skilled and experienced agricultural personnel: The agriculture sector has lost a lot of skilled and qualified personnel due to AIDS which has resulted in compromised quality of outputs. Limited capacity of sectoral institutions: Personnel in most institutions in the agriculture sector have inadequate knowledge and skills in gender, HIV and AIDS mainstreaming. In addition, there is inadequate staffing and financial resources to implement gender, HIV and AIDS responsive programs. Limited research that is responsive to gender, HIV and AIDS issues: There is inadequate evidence based information related to gender, HIV and AIDS and few gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technologies. Non-responsive gender Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) System: M&E system used in the agriculture sector do not adequately disaggregate 22 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY data by gender and vulnerability to HIV which makes it difficult to effectively respond to issues of gender and HIV. Inadequate coordination and commitment: There is weak coordination, leadership and commitment in addressing gender, HIV and AIDS issues among stakeholders in the Agriculture sector. Gender, HIV and AIDS issues are taken as peripheral activities hence there is minimal commitment to take meaningful action. 2.4 Climate change Issues Droughts and floods resulting from climate change erode assets meant to improve agriculture production and livelihoods, making people, especially women, more vulnerable. With frequent incidences of drought and floods, women and child headed households are the most affected due to the resultant impacts like loss of assets, shortage of food and unsafe drinking water. This causes these vulnerable groups to turn to risky and unsustainable coping mechanisms like prostitution, charcoal burning and selling of production resources. 2.5 Agro-biodiversity issues Gender roles and power relations influence the way various gender categories utilize and conserve agriculture biodiversity. Women tend to use agro-biodiversity resources in a more sustainable manner than their male counterparts. They also have more knowledge on the use of indigenous species and varieties. Men on the other hand tend to deplete the resources for commercial purposes at the expense of conserving agro- biodiversity. AIDS has also resulted in loss of knowledge, and skills in utilization and conservation of agro biodiversity. 3. Relevant Development Policy Frameworks The Strategy is in line with existing policies and frameworks at National, Regional and International levels as follows: 3.1 The Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II The Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II (MGDS II) which is the blueprint that guides development policy and programming in Malawi 23 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY identifies gender, HIV and AIDS as cross cutting issues. In addition, two of the MGDS II priority areas namely food security and greenbelt initiative are directly related to the agriculture sector. Mainstreaming gender, HIV and AIDS in the agriculture sector will contribute to economic growth by strengthening the labour market through reducing gender inequalities and promoting effective and efficient participation of women and other vulnerable gender categories, value addition and attaining more equitable markets. 3.2 The Agriculture Sector Wide Approach (ASWAp) The ASWAp is a priority investment program that has targeted three focus areas, two key support services and two cross-cutting issues. The focus areas are: i) Food Security and risk management, ii) Commercial agriculture, agro-processing and market development and iii) Sustainable agricultural land and water management. The key support services are: i) Technology generation and dissemination and ii) Institutional strengthening and capacity building. HIV prevention, AIDS impact mitigation, Gender equity and empowerment have been stipulated as cross-cutting issues. The GHA strategy is guided by the ASWAp main outcome on gender, HIV and AIDS which is: “Reduced gender disparities and impacts of HIV and AIDS in the farming communities and workplaces”. 3.3 The Draft National Gender Policy (NGP) The overall goal of the draft NGP is to mainstream gender in the national development process in order to enhance participation of women and men, girls and boys for sustainable and equitable development for poverty eradication. The draft NGP notes that gender inequalities still exist and are deeply rooted in society due to historic patriarchal values that have continuously put women at a disadvantage. The draft NGP seeks to achieve the following broad objectives related to the agriculture sector: • To strengthen gender mainstreaming in the agriculture, food and nutrition security sectors • To ensure gender issues are mainstreamed throughout all activities relating to HIV and AIDS 24 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY • To strengthen gender mainstreaming in the natural resources and environmental sector to achieve equality and sustainable environmental development • To reduce poverty among women and other vulnerable groups through economic empowerment 3.4 The National HIV and AIDS Framework (NAF) The NAF has seven priority areas: Prevention and behaviour change; Treatment, care and support; Impact mitigation; Mainstreaming and decentralisation; Research, monitoring and evaluation; Resource mobilisation and utilization and Policy and Partnerships. The GHA Strategy subscribes to most of these priority areas through interventions that are targeting the vulnerable gender categories. 3.5 The National Food Security Policy The long term goal of the Food Security Policy is to significantly improve food security of the population. The specific objective of the policy is to guarantee that all men, women, girls and boys and under-five children in Malawi have at all times, physical and economic access to sufficient nutritious food required to lead an active and healthy life. This is in tandem with the purpose of the GHA Strategy. 3.6 The National Nutrition Policy The National Nutrition Policy aims at promoting consumption of diversified and nutritionally adequate diets among men, women, girls, boys and the vulnerable groups such as under-five children, pregnant and lactating mothers, the elderly and the chronically ill persons. This GHA Strategy is informed by the Policy. 3.7 International Conventions, Declarations and Frameworks The strategy is in line with the goals and objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the African Charter on Human Rights, the Fifty-Ninth World Health Assembly Resolutions on 25 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Nutrition and HIV and AIDS (2006). It is also consistent with the SADC HIV and AIDS Strategy Framework and Programme of Action (2003-2007) which acknowledges the relationship between poverty, food insecurity and HIV and AIDS. It is also consistent with the 2001 UN General Assembly Special Session on AIDS (UNGASS). (Refer to annex 1 for summary of the alignment of the GHA objectives to selected national policies and strategies) 4. Guiding Principles The strategy is guided by the following principles: Integrated and harmonized programming: Issues of gender, HIV and AIDS will be integrated into all policies, programs and projects by all stakeholders in the sector based on various gender categories’ needs in a coordinated manner to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Rights-based approach: Implementation of the strategy will ensure that the rights of farmers and other stakeholders are respected regardless of their gender, HIV and social status. Results-based management: Implementation and monitoring of the strategy will be results-oriented to ensure that outcomes set are achieved and tracked. Strength-based approach: The strategy will build on strengths of various gender categories’ in addressing their vulnerability. Vulnerability Focused: The strategy implementation will focus on the following gender categories: Women, Female Headed Households (FHH), Orphans and Vulnerable Children(OVC), Child Headed Households(CHH), People with Disabilities, People Living with HIV(PLHIV), Mobile and Migrant Workers and the Elderly. 26 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 5. Goals, Purpose and Objectives 5.1 Goal The goal of the Agriculture Sector Gender, HIV and AIDS Strategy is to contribute to sustainable and equitable food, nutrition and income security at national, community and household level through the empowerment of women and other vulnerable gender categories. 5.2. Purpose The purpose of the Strategy is to promote gender equality, prevent the spread of HIV and mitigate the impacts of AIDS in order to increase agricultural productivity in line with ASWAp priorities. 5.3 Expected Outcomes and Indicators of the Strategy The major expected outcomes and indicators of this Strategy are as follows: Table 1: Outcomes and Indicators of the Strategy Expected Outcomes Indicators • Women and other vulnerable • Percentage of women and other groups economically empowered vulnerable groups with increased by2017· income from agro-based economic activities· • Women and vulnerable groups • Percentage reduction in the number who are food secure by 2017· of food insecure women and other vulnerablegroupsinthe agriculturesector • Reduced malnutrition among • Percentage reduction in malnutrition women and children and other of women and children and other vulnerable groups by 2017 vulnerable groups at household level· · 27 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 5.4 Strategic Pillars and Specific Objectives The Strategy has 3 pillars which are: i) Quality participation of women and other vulnerable gender categories in ASWAp focus areas and key support services ii) Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technology generation and dissemination and iii) Effective coordination, capacity building and resource mobilization. Under these pillars, the specific objectives are: • To improve food and nutrition security and agro-based income among vulnerable groups, in order to reduce gender disparities and contribute to HIV prevention and mitigation of impacts • To strengthen women’s access to and control over agriculture resources, opportunities, benefits and decision making processes at household, community and national levels • To reduce factors that promote gender inequality and spread of HIV due to agricultural related mobility and migration • To promote generation and dissemination of gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technologies and information • To strengthen leadership and coordination of the Gender, HIV and AIDS Strategy for harmonized and decentralised implementation • To mobilise, track and effectively utilise financial and technical resources for the implementation of Gender, HIV and AIDS Strategy • To strengthen the gender, HIV and AIDS responsiveness of agriculture sector monitoring and evaluation system for enhanced accountability, learning and sharing • To build and sustain capacity of agriculture sector institutions and vulnerable groups to effectively mainstream gender, HIV and AIDS issues and actions 28 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 5.5 Alignment of Strategic Pillars and Specific Objectives to ASWAp Table 2 below presents the three strategic pillars and 8 specific objectives of the Strategy and how these are aligned to the ASWAp. Table 2: ASWAp Focus and Support Areas, Strategic pillars and specific objectives ASWAP FOCUS AND STRATEGIC PILLARS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES SUPPORT AREA OF THE STRATEGY FOCUS AREA 1: Strategic Pillar 1: 1.1 To improve food, nutrition security and agro- Food Security, Nutrition Quality participation of based income among Nutrition And Risk women and other vulnerable groups, in order Management vulnerable gender to reduce gender categories in ASWAp disparities and contribute focus areas and key to HIV prevention and support services mitigation of AIDS impacts FOCUS AREA 2: Commercial Agriculture, 1.2 To strengthen women’s Agro-Processing and access to and control over Market Development agriculture resources, opportunities, benefits and decision making processes at household, community and national levels FOCUS AREA 3: 1.3 To reduce factors that promote gender inequality Sustainable agricultural and spread of HIV due to Land and Water agricultural related mobility Management and migration 29 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY SUPPORT AREA 1: Strategic pillar 2: 2.1 To promote generation and dissemination of gender, HIV Technology Generation Gender, HIV and AIDS and AIDS responsive technolo- responsive technology gies and information and Dissemination generation and dissemination SUPPORT AREA 2: Institutional Strengthening and Strategic pillar 3: 3.1 To strengthen leadership Capacity Building and coordination of the Gender, Effective coordination, HIV and AIDS strategy for Capacity Building and harmonized and decentralised resource mobilization implementation 3.2 To mobilise, track and effectively utilise financial and technical resources for the implementation of gender, HIV and AIDS strategy 3.3 To strengthen the gender, HIV and AIDS responsiveness of agriculture sector monitoring and evaluation system for enhanced accountability, learning and sharing 3.4 To build and sustain capacity of agriculture sector institutions and vulnerable groups to effectively mainstream gender, HIV and AIDS issues and actions 30 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 6 Outcomes, Indicators and Actions of Strategic Objectives Inoder to track the progress towards achievement of the expected outcomes of the GHA Strategy, a number of key outcomes indicators have been developed under each strategic pillar. The Strategy also has a number of strategic actions to be implemented by the Sector’s stakeholders within its implementation period. This has been summarised in tables 3 to 18. Strategic Pillar 1: Quality participation of women and other vulnerable gender categories in ASWAp focus areas and key support services Strategic Objective 1:1. To improve food and nutrition security and agro-based income among vulnerable groups in order to reduce gender disparities and contribute to HIV prevention and mitigation of AIDS impacts Table 3: Outcomes and indicators for Strategic Objective 1.1 OUTCOMES INDICATORS 1.1.1 Food and nutrition security • Percentage of vulnerable households in vulnerable households consuming at least three nutritious meals a day, throughout the year • Percentage of vulnerable household members having access to diversified food at household level • Percentage reduction in stunted and underweight children 1.1.2 Increased participation of • Percentage of vulnerable households vulnerable groups in agro-based, involved in crop diversification fisheries, sustainable food production and income generating • Percentage of vulnerable household activities involved in fish farming • Percentage of vulnerable households involved in livestock production • Percentage of vulnerable household whose income has increased 31 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY • Percentage increase in income of vulnerable households from agro-based and fisheries activities • Percentage of vulnerable households managing and benefiting from agro- based and fisheries income generating activities 1.1.3 Increased access to markets • Percentage of vulnerable groups by vulnerable groups accessing formal markets 1.1.4 Increased access to • Percentage of microfinance institutions Microfinance loans by vulnerable that have gender and HIV sensitive groups lending conditions • Percentage of vulnerable groups accessing loans for agro-based and fisheries enterprises Strategic actions to improve food and nutrition security and agro- based income among vulnerable groups in order to reduce gender disparities and contribute to HIV prevention and mitigation of AIDS impacts Table 4: Strategic Actions for Strategic Objective 1.1. Strategic actions Timeframe Implementers 1.1.1.1 Provide production resources to Short- term MoAFS, District women and other vulnerable gender Councils, Private categories such as high nutritive value Sector, crops and improved livestock CSOs,VDCs 1.1.1.2 Promote production and use of Short to MoAFS, District available indigenous foods in order to Medium Councils, DHNA, improve nutrition of people living with HIV term CSOs, Training and Academic Institutions, VDCs 1.1.1.3 Provide food supplements and Short term All agricultural agricultural inputs to members of staff institutions living with HIV at the workplace 32 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 1.1.1.4 Promote fish farming for women Short to MoAFS, District and other vulnerable gender categories in Medium Councils, Training and order to improve protein intake among term Academic Institutions, farming communities, particularly for PLHIV CSOs, VDCs 1.1.1.5 Promote production and Short to MoAFS, District consumption of non- traditional high Medium Councils, CSOs, nutritive foods by vulnerable gender term Training and Academic categories Institutions, VDCs 1.1.1.6 Scale-up nutrition education Short to MoAFS, DHNA, to vulnerable groups Medium District Councils, term CSOs, VDCs 1.1.2.1 Develop and institutionalize Short to MoAFS, District mechanisms for enforcing the guidelines medium Councils, CSOs, for transparent and participatory identifica- term VDCs tion of vulnerable gender categories in Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP) and other programs 1.1.2.2 Develop and institutionalize Short to MoAFS, District mechanisms for ensuring that vulnerable medium Councils, Private gender categories are protected from term Sector, abuse and exploitation during the FISP ACB, MPS, CSOs, process and other input distribution VDCs programs 1.1.2.3 Promote small stock animal Short to MoAFS, District production through pass-on schemes medium Councils, CSOs, for vulnerable gender categories term Training and Academic Institutions, VDCs 1.1.2.4 Promote the use of labour, time, Short to MoAFS, District and cost saving technologies related to medium Councils, CSOs, VDCs, agriculture and fisheries amongst term Agricultural Academic vulnerable gender categories Institutions, CISANET, Private sector, MIRTDC, MoGCSW 1.1.2.5 Develop and implement Medium to MoAFS, MoGCSW, MoY, mechanisms for targeting women, PLHIV long term CSOs, District and youths with agricultural and fisheries Councils, VDCs extension services 33 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 1.1.2.6 Promote participation of vulnerable Long term MoAFS, CISANET, groups in commercially oriented agro- Private sector , FUM, based and fisheries enterprises and Coalition of Women marketing Farmers, District Councils 1.1.2.7 Build capacity of extension Long term MoAFS, Agricultural workers, women and other vulnerable Academic Institutions, gender categories in group and enterprise FUM, MoGCSW, District management Councils, Coalition of Women Farmers, Private Sector 1.1.3.1 Promote conducive marketing Long term MoAFS, Agricultural environment for vulnerable gender Academic Institutions, categories CISANET, Ministry of Trade, Private sector, FUM, Coalition of Women Farmers, District Councils 1.1.4.1 Facilitate linkages between Short to MoAFS, CSOs, Private vulnerable groups and microfinance medium Sector , FUM, Coalition services term of Women Farmers, District Councils 1.1.4.2 Lobby MFIs to make their loan Short to MoAFS, CSOs, District conditions and policies to be Gender, long term Councils, Private HIV and AIDS responsive Sector 1.1.4.3 Promote investment in agro-based Short to MoAFS, Ministry of and fisheries enterprises by beneficiaries of long term Gender, Children and social support programmes Community Development, MoF, MoDP CSOs, Private Sector, FUM, Coalition of Women Farmers, District Councils 34 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic Objective 1.2. To strengthen women’s access to and control over agricultural resources, opportunities, benefits and decision making processes at household, community and national levels Table 5: Outcomes and indicators for Strategic Objective 1.2 OUTCOMES INDICATORS 1.2.1 Resource poor women have • Percentage of women accessing credit, access to and control over inputs and income for agricultural and agricultural and fisheries benefits, fisheries enterprises assets, opportunities, resources • Percentage of women who have control and income over credit, inputs and income for agricultural and fisheries enterprises • Percentage of women that own and control agricultural land and fishing gear • Percentage of women in the agriculture sector that are aware of agricultural and fisheries extension services • Percentage of women in the agriculture sector demanding agricultural and fisheries extension services • Percentage of women who have access to agricultural and fisheries extension services 1.2.2 Quality participation of • Percentage of women and men in decision women in decision making making positions in agricultural and processes at all levels in fisheries institutions and organizations at agriculture and fisheries all levels • Percentage of women and men participating in decision making processes at institutional and community levels 35 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic actions to strengthen women’s access to and control over agricultural resources, opportunities, benefits and decision making processes at household, community and national levels Table 6: Strategic Actions for Strategic Objective 1.2 Strategic actions Timeframe Implementers 1.2.1.1 Develop and implement Medium term CSOs, MoAFS, mechanisms for improving women’s MoGCSW, access to and control over agricultural and MoL,Training and fisheries resources (such as land, water, Academic information) and benefits Institutions, Private sector, FUM, Coalition of Women Farmers 1.2.1.2 Facilitate the formation and Short to medium MoAFS, CSOs, strengthening of groups of women and term Private Sector, FUM, link them to agricultural and fisheries Coalition of Women service providers Farmers 1.2.2.1 Conduct awareness campaigns Short-term CSOs, MoAFS, on the importance of women’s MoGCSW, Private participation in decision making in Sector , FUM, agriculture and fisheries Coalition of Women Farmers 1.2.2.2 Review and implement Medium to long CSOs, interventions to increase the number of term MoAFS, MoGCSW, women in policy and decision making Academic positions at all levels in the agriculture institutions sector 1.2.2.3 Integrate gender, HIV and AIDS Short to medium Training and education in agricultural and fisheries term Academic training programmes institutions, MoAFS, MoGCSW, 1.2.2.4 Build capacity of women in the Medium term Training and agriculture sector in leadership, Academic, CSOs, assertiveness and decision making MoAFS, MoGCSW, institutions, Private sector , FUM, Coalition of Women Farmers 36 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic Objective 1.3. To reduce factors that promote gender inequality and spread of HIV that arise due to agricultural related mobility and migration Table 7: Outcomes and indicators for Strategic Objective 1.3. OUTCOMES INDICATORS 1.3.1 Reduced vulnerability to HIV infection of • Availability of Gender, HIV migrant men and women as well as their and AIDS responsive spouses interventions for mobile and migrant workers • Percentage of migrant men and women and their spouses with reduced risky behaviours 1.3.2 Increased capacity of women to address • Percentage of households of income and social inequalities that arise due mobile and migrant workers to agricultural and fisheries related mobility that are income and food and migration secure • Percentage of spouses of mobile and migrant workers who have access to agriculture and fisheries advisory services 1.3.3 Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive working • Percentage of institutions conditions for mobile and migrant workers in with Gender, HIV and AIDS agriculture sector responsive working conditions for mobile and migrant workers 37 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic actions to reduce and manage factors that promote gender inequality and spread of HIV that arise due to agricultural related mobility and migration Table 8: Strategic Actions for Strategic Objective 1.3 Strategic actions Timeframe Facilitators 1.3.1.1 Develop and implement gender, HIV Short to CSOs, MoJMoAFS, and AIDS responsive by-laws for agricultural medium MoGCSW, District and fisheries mobile and migrant workers term Councils, Private Sector 1.3.1.2 Promote fish farming and Short to MoAFS, CSOs, Training fisheries enterprises among spouses medium and Academic of migrant workers term Institutions, District Councils, Private Sector 1.3.2.1 Build the economic capacity of Short to MoAFS, Private Sector, spouses of migrant workers long term CSOs, District Councils 1.3.2.2 Provide agricultural and fisheries Short to MoAFS, Agricultural advisory services to households of long term training and academic spouses of migrant workers institutions, Private Sector, CSOs, District Councils 1.3.2.3 Promote access to gender, HIV and Short to MoH, MoAFS, AIDS services for mobile and migrant long term MoGCSW,NAC, MBCA, workers in the agriculture sector Short to Private Sector, CSOs, long term District Councils 1.3.3.1 Lobby institutions to provide Short to MoL, CSOs, MoAFS, Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive working medium District Councils, Private conditions for mobile and migrant workers term Sector, legislators 1.3.3.2 Promote enforcement and Medium CSOs , MoAFS, MoL, monitoring of Gender, HIV and AIDS term Training and Academic responsive working conditions in the Institutions, Media Estates and other Agricultural Institutions Houses, District Councils, and Private Sector, legislators 38 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic pillar 2: Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technology generation and dissemination Strategic Objective 2.1. To promote generation and dissemination of gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technologies and information Table 9: outcomes and indicators for Strategic Objective 2.1. OUTCOMES INDICATORS 2.1.1 Enhanced generation and • Number of targeted gender, HIV and dissemination of Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive agriculture and AIDS responsive technologies and fisheries research studies information • Percentage of vulnerable households that have adopted gender, HIV and AIDS responsive agricultural and fisheries technologies • Proportion of gender, HIV and AIDS responsive agriculture and fisheries technologies 2.1.2 Strengthened collaboration on the • Number of functional collaborative generation and utilization of gender, initiatives among extension workers, HIV and AIDS responsive technologies researchers and farmers and information among extension workers, researchers and farmers Strategic actions to promote generation and dissemination of gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technologies and information Table 10: Strategic actions for Strategic Objective 2.1 Strategic actions Timeframe Facilitators 2.1.1.1 Develop and generate gender, Short to long MoAFS, academic and HIV and AIDS responsive technologies term research institutions, and information in agriculture and CSOs, Private Sector fisheries 2.1.1.2 Disseminate harmonise Short to MoAFS, CSOs gender, HIV and AIDS responsive long term academic and research agricultural and fisheries technologies institutions, Media, and information Private Sector, District Councils, COWFA 39 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic actions Timeframe Facilitators 2.1.1.2 Disseminate harmonise Short to MoAFS, CSOs gender, HIV and AIDS responsive long term academic and research agricultural and fisheries technologies institutions, Media, and information Private Sector, District Councils, COWFA 2.1.1.3 Conduct research on the role of Short to long Academic and Research indigenous traditional foods and herbs in term Institutions, MoAFS, the nutrition of PLHIV National Herbarium and Botanical Gardens, FRIM, Ministry of Health, OPC Department of HIV and AIDS and Nutrition, CSOs, 2.1.1.4 Conduct research studies on Medium term MoAFS, CSOs, AcAdemic gender, HIV and AIDS in agriculture and and Research Institutions fisheries 2.1.2.1 Establish and operationalize Short to long MoAFS, CSOs, Academic collaboration structures for gender, HIV term and Research Institutions, and AIDS in agriculture and fisheries District Councils 2.1.2.2 Promote research on climate Short to long Training, Academia and variability and change that addresses the term Research institutions, needs of women farmers and other DCCMS, MoAFS, MoGCC, vulnerable gender categories CSOs, Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services 40 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic pillar 3: Effective coordination, Capacity Building and resource mobilization Table 11: Outcomes and Indicators for Strategic Objective 3.1 OUTCOMES INDICATORS 3.1.1 Effective leadership and • Availability of a designated focal coordination in the implementation of person for coordination of the strategy the strategy implementation 3.1.2 Institutionalized structural • Availability of operational structures for arrangements for implementing the implementing the strategy at all levels strategy • Availability of gender, HIV and AIDS responsive terms of reference for the DAESS structures. 3.1.3 Increased ownership of the • Percentage of organizations and gender, HIV and AIDS strategy by various institutions that integrate the strategy’s stakeholders actions in their plans and budgets • Percentage of organizations and institutions submitting reports on the implementation of the strategy 3.1.4 Harmonized programming in the • Percentage of institutions doing joint implementation of the strategy by various programming and reviews on the stakeholders implementation of the strategy • Availability of operational information hub (website, resource centre, database) 41 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic actions to strengthen leadership and coordination of the Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy for harmonized and decentralised implementation Table 12: Strategic actions for Strategic Objective 3.1 Strategic actions Timeframe Facilitators 3.1.1.1 Assign and institutionalize a Short term MoAFS, Development fulltime coordinator and Technical partners Assistant to facilitate the implementation of the strategy 3.1.2.1 Institute and revamp the Short to MoAFS, Development structural arrangements for medium partners, CSOs, Private implementing the strategy term partners, Training and Academic institutions 3.1.3.1 Create stakeholders’ Short term MoAFS, Development awareness on the GHA strategy partners, CSOs, Private partners, Training and Academic institutions 3.1.4.1 Institute stakeholders’ joint Short to long MoAFS, CSOs, Private programming and reviews term partners, Training and Academic institutions 3.1.4.2 Establish and scale up information Short to MoAFS, CSOs, Private sharing platform medium term partners, Training and Academic institutions 42 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic Objective 3.2. To mobilise, track and effectively utilise financial and technical resources for the implementation of gender, HIV and AIDS strategy Table 13: Outcomes and Indicators for Strategic Objective 3.2 OUTCOMES INDICATORS 3.2.1 Increased financial commitment • Percentage of the gender, HIV and technical support by all stakeholders and AIDS strategy budget funded to GHA strategy implementation • Percentage of stakeholders with increased funding to GHA strategy actions • Proportion of financial allocation and expenditure for Gender, HIV and AIDS interventions in the ASWAp budget 3.2.2 Enhanced accountability on resource • Proportion of agriculture institutions utilization by stakeholders in the submitting and sharing regular implementation of the GHA strategy financial reports that stipulate resource allocation to Gender, HIV and AIDS activities • Proportion of agriculture institutions with systems for tracking utilization of funds for Gender, HIV and AIDS activities Strategic actions to mobilise, track and effectively utilise financial and technical resources for the implementation of gender, HIV and AIDS strategy Table 14: Strategic Objective 3.2. Strategic actions Strategic actions Timeframe Implementers 3.2.1.1 Market the GHA strategy to Short to CSOs, MoAFS, stakeholders and development partners medium Development partners, for resource support term Private Sector, COWFA, Training and Academic institutions 3.2.1.2 Develop and implement a Short to MoAFS, MoF, MoDP, resource mobilization plan for Gender, medium Development partners, HIV and AIDS strategy term CSOs, COWFA, Training and Academic institutions 43 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Table 12: Strategic Actions for Strategic Objective 2.2 (continued) Strategic actions Timeframe Implementers 3.2.2.1 Establish a budget and Short to MoAFS, MoF, MoDP, expenditure tracking system for Gender, medium Development partners, HIV and AIDS related activities term District Councils, CSOs,, COWFA, Training and Academic institutions Strategic Objective 3.3. To strengthen the Gender, HIV and AIDS responsiveness of agriculture sector monitoring and evaluation system for enhanced accountability, learning and sharing Table 15: Strategic Objective 3.3. Outcomes and indicators OUTCOMES INDICATORS 3.3.1 Monitoring and Evaluation System • Availability of Gender, HIV and AIDS that responds to Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive M&E framework needs in agriculture • Availability of Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive M&E tools • Availability of Gender, HIV and AIDS disaggregated information in monitoring and evaluation reports • Availability of analyzed and interpreted Gender, HIV and AIDS information in the documents and reports 3.3.2 Improved documentation and • Availability of documentation and sharing of best practices and lessons on publications on best practices on Gender, HIV and AIDS in agriculture Gender, HIV and AIDS in agriculture 3.3.3 Enhanced participation of women " Proportion of women and other and other vulnerable gender categories vulnerable gender categories in the community-based M&E processes actively participating in community- based M&E processes 3.3.4 Improved accountability of service " Proportion of agricultural providers to rights holders (women and institutions with functional gender, other vulnerable gender categories) HIV and AIDS inclusive accountability tools 44 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic actions to strengthen the gender, HIV and AIDS responsiveness of agriculture sector monitoring and evaluation system for enhanced accountability, learning and sharing Table 16: Strategic Actions for Strategic Objective 3.3. Strategic actions Timeframe Implementers 3.3.1.1 Review and/or develop M&E Short term MoAFS, CSOs, MoF, systems in the agriculture sector, to make MoDP, Training and them Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive Academic institutions, and Private Sector 3.3.1.2 Scale up Gender, HIV and AIDS Short to MoAFS, CSOs, Training responsive M&E systems at all levels long term and Academic institutions, and Private Sector 3.3.2.1 Document and share best Short to MoAFS, Training and practices and lessons on gender, long term Academic Institutions, HIV and AIDS in the agriculturesector CSOs, Private Sector, Media, Department of HIV and AIDS and Nutrition, MoGCSW, NAC 3.3.3.1 Develop and implement M&E that Short to MoAFS, MoF, MoDP enhance participation of women and other long term Training and Academic vulnerable gender categories Institutions, CSOs, NSO 3.3.4.1 Establish a centralized technical Short to MoAFS, MoF, MoDP, data management hub on gender, HIV and medium Development partners, AIDS in the agriculture sector term District Councils, DISTMIS CSOs 3.3.4.2 Facilitate accountability to Short to MoAFS, MoF, MoDP, vulnerable rights holders in the long term Development partners, agriculture sector District Councils, DISTMIS, CSOs 3.3.4.3 Collect, analyze and incorporate Short term MoAFS, CSOs, Private baseline data on Gender, HIV and AIDS in Sector, NSO, Training the GHA Strategy and Academic institutions 45 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic Objective 3.4: To build and sustain capacity of agriculture sector institutions and vulnerable groups to effectively mainstream gender, HIV and AIDS issues and actions Table 17: Outcomes and Indicators for Strategic Objective 3.4 OUTCOMES INDICATORS 3.4.1 Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive • Percentage of programmes and policies, programmes and projects projects that have gender, HIV and AIDS responsive indicators and actions • Percentage of policies that are gender, HIV and AIDS responsive 3.4.2 Increased expertise of the agriculture • Percentage of male and female sector staff in mainstreaming gender, staff able to identify, analyze and HIV and AIDS in their core business mainstream gender, HIV and AIDS issues and actions in their core business 3.4.3 Improved attitudes and practices of the • Percentage of male and female agriculture sector staff and institutions on staff with positive attitudes and gender, HIV and AIDS practices towards Gender, HIV and AIDS • Percentage of agriculture institutions with supporting mechanisms for addressing stigma and discrimination related to Gender, HIV and AIDS amongst employees 3.4.4 Enhanced conservation and utilization • Percentage of vulnerable of fish species and indigenous crops and households sustainably utilizing livestock by vulnerable gender categories indigenous crops, livestock, and fish species 3.4.5 Enhanced delivery of Gender, HIV • Percentage of institutions and AIDS responsive agro-biodiversity implementing gender, HIV and and climate variability and change AIDS responsive agricultural interventions by institutions interventions to conserve and utilize indigenous crops, livestock, and fish species • Percentage of institutions implementing gender, HIV and AIDS responsive agricultural interventions to adapt and mitigate the impacts of climate variability and change 46 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY OUTCOMES INDICATORS 3.4.6 Enhanced ability of vulnerable • Percentage of vulnerable gender categories to adapt to climate households practicing agricultural variability and change interventions that are adapted to climate variability and change 47 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic actions to build and sustain capacity of agriculture sector institutions and vulnerable groups to effectively mainstream gender, HIV and AIDS issues and actions Table 12: Strategic Actions for Strategic Objective 3.4 Strategic actions Timeframe Facilitators 3.4.1.1 Mainstream gender, HIV and Short to MoAFS, MoGCSW, AIDS issues in ongoing and new sector long term CSOs, Training and policies, programmes and projects Academic institutions, Private Sector, NAC, COWFA 3.4.2.1 Build the capacity of the agriculture Short to MoAFS, MoGCSW, sector staff in mainstreaming gender and long term CSOs, Training and HIV and AIDS in their core business Academic institutions, Private Sector, NAC, COWFA 3.4.2.2 Mainstream gender, HIV and Short to Training and Academic AIDS in existing agricultural training medium term institutions MoAFS, curricula MoGCSW, 3.4.2.3 Develop and implement Short to long Academic and Training academic and professional courses term institutions on gender, HIV and AIDS analysis and mainstreaming 3.4.3.1 Promote behavioural change Short to COWLA, COWFA,NAC, interventions among agriculture sector medium MoAFS, CSOs, Training staff on gender, HIV and AIDS term and Academic institutions, 3.4.3.2 Develop and implement Short to MoAFS, CSOs Training mechanisms for addressing stigma medium term and Academic and discrimination at the workplace in institutions, Private the agriculture sector Sector, MBCA, FUM, NAC, COWFA 3.4.4.1 Build capacity of women and Short to MoA Ministry of Natural other vulnerable gender categories in medium Resources, Training and sustainable production and utilization term Academic institutions of fish species, indigenous crops and livestock 3.4.4.2 Scale up best practices in Short to MoAFS, District Councils, agro-biodiversity management medium CSOs, Ministry of Natural amongst vulnerable gender term Resources and Develop categories, especially women ment partners, Training and Academic institutions 48 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic actions Timeframe Facilitators 3.4.5.1 Build capacity of agricultural Short to MoAFS, MoGCSW, Training institutions in mainstreaming gender, medium and Academic Institutions, HIV and AIDS in agro-biodiversity and term CSOs, Ministry of Natural climate variability and change Resources, Private sector, management programmes and policies Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services 3.4.6.1 Build capacity of women and Short to MoAFS, Department of other vulnerable gender categories in medium Disaster Management agricultural interventions for adapting to term Affairs (DoDMA), CSOs, and mitigating climate variability and Ministry of Natural change Resources 3.4.6.2 Promote local best practices in Short to MoAFS, MoIWD, District adaptation and mitigation of climate medium Councils, CSOs, variability and change amongst women term Ministry of Energy and and other vulnerable gender categories Mines 7. Results Framework The results framework (attached as Annex 2) contains the outcomes, actions, indicators outlined above, their benchmarks, targets and estimated costs to implement the Strategy. The Framework will guide the implementation of the GHA Strategy. 8. Implementation Arrangements 8.1 Coordination and Policy Guidance The implementation arrangement of the strategy has been structured in a way that will allow active participation of relevant stakeholders from the Public and Private Sector, Civil Society and Development Partners at all levels actively participate. At national level, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security will provide policy guidance in the implementation of the strategy through the Executive Management Committee of ASWAp. The Technical Working Group on Gender, HIV and AIDS will guide the implementation of the strategy. The responsibilities of the TWG are to: 49 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY • Provide technical guidance to the Agriculture Sector Wide Approach Sector Working Group and Technical Working Groups in ASWAp on gender, HIV and AIDS mainstreaming • Provide technical guidance on the implementation and monitoring of Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy in the Agriculture sector, programme of work, Medium Term Expenditure Framework, development of strategic documents and frameworks • Facilitate capacity development on Gender HIV and AIDS mainstreaming amongst stakeholders in the Agricultural sector. • Facilitate networking of relevant structures and stakeholders at national and district level in mainstreaming Gender, HIV and AIDS in agricultural programmes • Coordinate the development, management and dissemination of Information Education and Communication materials on Gender, HIV and AIDS in the Agriculture sector • Facilitate sharing and up-scaling of good practices on Gender, HIV and AIDS mainstreaming in the agriculture sector • Promote gender, HIV and AIDS responsive research, technology development and dissemination in the Agriculture sector • Lobby and advocate for adequate funding to support gender, HIV and AIDS mainstreaming responses in the agriculture sector • Provide guidance in the institutionalization of accountability mechanisms for gender, HIV and AIDS mainstreaming in agricultural institution • Coordinate monitoring, reporting and evaluation of gender, HIV and AIDS-responsive agricultural interventions at community, district and national levels • Report to SWG on the progress made in the implementation of gender, HIV and AIDS activities 50 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY At national level a designated focal person based in the ASWAp secretariat will coordinate the implementation of the strategy. A Technical Assistant (TA) will be deployed to assist the designated focal person with coordination and setting up of systems. At District, Area and Community levels, the strategy will be implemented through the District Agriculture Extension Services System (DAESS) in collaboration with of all stakeholders. The Terms of Reference for the DAESS Structures will be revised to include sector related Gender, HIV and AIDS responsibilities. Following the revision of these Terms of Reference, the DAESS Structures will strengthen linkages with existing structures on gender, HIV and AIDS at all levels. (On page 49) Figure 1: Gender, HIV and AIDS Strategy Implementation Arrangement as aligned to ASWAp National Stakeholder Executive Management PS Agriculture Committee Panel PS - MoAFS MoL, GRD, MoTID, OPC (Nutrition, HIV, AIDS), MoF, MoEPD, MoGCSW, MoY ASWAp Secretariat Sector Working Group Technical Working Group Gender, HIV and AIDS MoL MoAFS MoLGRD MoGCSW District Council DAC District Stakeholder DEC DAECC Panel AEC ADC Stakeholder Pla. & Dev. AEC Panel Pla. & Dev. Community VAC VDC Calls and.....................................................Technical . Support Management Chairs 51 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 8.2 Roles of Stakeholders and Partners The strategy has five major groups of stakeholders, namely: 1) Public Sector Ministries, Departments and Statutory Organisations, 2) The Private Sector, 3) Development Partners, 4) Training, Research and Academic Institutions and 5) Civil Society Organisations including Faith and Farmer-based Organizations. Each of these stakeholders will perform specific roles for the successful implementation of the strategy as follows: OPC Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS (DNHA) In this strategy the DNHA will provide technical support to Agriculture Institutions and Organizations on nutrition, HIV and AIDS. The Ministry of Finance (MoF) & Ministry of Economic Planning and Development (MoEP&D) The MoF and MoEP&D will: • Ensure that adequate resources are allocated for the implementation of the gender, HIV and AIDS Strategy. • Provide technical guidance in the development of a Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive Monitoring and Evaluation system The Ministry of Health The Ministry of Health in this Strategy will: • Provide HIV and AIDS services for women and vulnerable gender categories • Support monitoring and evaluation of HIV and AIDS responsive interventions • Provide information on HIV and AIDS The National AIDS Commission The Commission will: • Support mobilisation of technical and financial support required for implementing the GHA Strategic Actions on HIV and AIDS. • Support monitoring and evaluation of HIV and AIDS interventions • Support research on HIV and AIDS 52 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY The Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Welfare (MoGCSW) The MoGCSW will: • Provide policy guidance on gender and Orphans and Vulnerable Children • Support capacity building of Agriculture sector Institutions and Organizations on gender • Support Monitoring and Evaluation of gender responsive interventions The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MoLG&RD) The MoLG&RD will: • Facilitate district level harmonized planning, implementation and financing of the Strategy • Support capacity building of district level structures on gender and HIV and AIDS responsive M & E • Promote visibility of the Strategy at District level • Conduct monitoring and evaluation of the Strategy at district level The Department of Human Resource Management and Development (DHRMD) The DHRMD will: • Provide policy, technical and administrative guidance on Gender, HIV and AIDS work place Programmes • Facilitate capacity building in gender, HIV and AIDS mainstreaming at work place • Monitor and evaluate gender and HIV and AIDS interventions at the work place • Provide authority to recruit personnel to fill vacant positions that will enhance gender, HIV and AIDS programming The Ministry of Labour The Ministry will: • Provide guidance in relation to Gender responsive labour laws and policies 53 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY • Monitor the vulnerability issues in the estates which include child labour, tenancy issues and Gender Based Violence • Support implementation of programmes that will reduce child labour. • Support implementation of programmes aimed at managing risk factors associated with migrant labour The Private Sector The Private Sector will: • Provide financial support for the implementation of the GHA Strategy • Build capacity on gender, HIV and AIDS in their institutions • Institute workplace programming on gender, HIV and AIDS in their institutions • Revise lending institutions’ conditions and policies to be gender, HIV and AIDS responsive Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) The CSOs will: • Implement the agriculture sector gender, HIV and AIDS strategy • Lobby government, development partners and the private sector on issues pertaining to gender, HIV and AIDS in agriculture • Commission research, Monitoring and Evaluation on gender, HIV and AIDS in agriculture • Conduct budget tracking on allocation and utilization of funds for the GHA actions • Mobilise resources for the implementation of the GHA Strategy • Build capacity in gender, HIV and AIDS to other Civil Society Organisations • Create neutral platforms where issues of gender, HIV and AIDS in agriculture sector are debated and addressed 54 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY The academic, research and training institutions The institutions will: • Mainstream gender, HIV and AIDS in agricultural curricula • Build capacity on gender, HIV and AIDS in agriculture sector • Conduct research on key issues related to the GHA Strategy • Development and dissemination of gender, HIV and AIDS responsive agricultural technologies • Review and implement the policy for selection to higher learning institutions to ensure equitable access to education • Review and implement gender, HIV and AIDS responsive agricultural training programmes • Develop a curriculum for Gender, HIV and AIDS Programmes The Development Partners The development partners will: • Provide harmonised financial, technical and material support for the implementation and review of the GHA Strategy • Provide technical guidance with regard to implementation and funding modalities 8.3 Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and Evaluation will be done at village, area, district and national levels in line with the strategy implementation arrangement. The results framework will help in the development of the Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive monitoring and evaluation system. Monitoring information will be collected through field visits, community feedback forums, review meetings, surveys or studies, technical and financial reports. The strategy will undergo comprehensive annual reviews which will involve all stakeholders in the sector. The reviews will facilitate the drawing of strategies to address challenges and upscale best practices. The ASWAp Monitoring and Evaluation framework and reporting format will be revised to make it responsive to gender, HIV and AIDS, hence accommodating 55 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY the strategy framework. The national TWG will be responsible for consolidating, analysing and interpreting the information. Final evaluation will be done at the end of the strategy implementation period to measure achievements, constraints and draw lessons learnt. 8.4 Sustainability mechanisms In this strategy, several sustainability mechanisms have been considered and these include: • Capacity building at various levels which includes training and education, wide dissemination of the strategy to all stakeholders and partners at all levels, improvement of the implementation arrangements, • Improved coordination that includes having designated focal person at national level, institutionalisation of operational structures at all levels to implement the strategy in order to ensure harmonised programming by all stakeholders in the sector. • Concrete resource mobilisation mechanisms through linkages with civil society organisations, private sector and development partners. References Alumira, J., Kambewa, P. and Binauli, L., 2005., Impact of HIV/AIDS on inter and intra generational information flows among smallholder farmers in Malawi, ICRISAT/RENEWAL. Malawi Government, 2006., Malawi Growth and Development Strategy. Lilongwe: Ministry of Economic Planning and Development. Malawi Government, 2006., National HIV and AIDS Impact Mitigation Conceptual Framework NAC, Malawi HIV and AIDS Monitoring and Evaluation Report: 2008-2009. Malawi Government, 2007, Malawi Poverty and Vulnerability Assesment, Lilongwe: Ministry of Economic Planning and Development. Malawi Government, 2007, National Gender Policy (Draft), Lilongwe: Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Welfare. Malawi Government, 2007., National Census of Agriculture and Livestock (NACAL) report. Zomba. National Statistical Office. 56 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Malawi Government, 2011(a)., Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. Zomba. National Statistical Office. Malawi Government, 2011(b)., The Malawi African Adaptation Programme: Building Capacity for Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Malawi, Lilongwe. Malawi Government, 2012., Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II. Lilongwe: Ministry of Economic Planning and Development. Malindi, G.M.E., Kayuni F.L., Chikomola A.C., Mandula. B, Namakhoma, A., Fatch,P., and Masambuka, F., 2010., Gender, HIV & AIDS and Agricultural Biodiversity in Malawi (Unpublished). Lilongwe UNDP and FAO, 2007., Support to the Legislative Process of the Deceased Estates (Wills, Inheritance and Protection) Bill in Malawi under the project FNOP/INT/108/NOR: Improving Tenure Security of the Poor. Report on the Current Situation on Property and Inheritance Rights in Malawi.

ANNEX 1: Alignment of objectives from the GHA strategy to national policies Agriculture Gender, National Policies HIV and AIDS Strategy Objectives ASWAp Focus NGP NAF Objective areas Objective Food, nutrition Food Security Gender Mitigation of the security and agro and risk mainstreaming economic and based income management, in agriculture, psychosocial among vulnerable food security effects of HIV and groups Sustainable and nutrition AIDS management of Reduce new HIV land and water infections in Malawi Women’s access to Commercial Reduce poverty Mitigation of the and control over agriculture, agro- among women economic and agriculture resources, processing and and other psychosocial opportunities, benefits market vulnerable groups effects of HIV and and decision making development AIDSReduce new processes at house HIV infections in hold, community and Malawi national levels Reduce new infections 57 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Agriculture Gender, National Policies HIV and AIDS Strategy Objectives ASWAp Focus NGP NAF Objective areas Objective Reduce and manage factors that promote gender inequality and spread of HIV due to agricultural related mobility and migration Promote generation Technology Reduce poverty Generate and and dissemination of generation and among women disseminate gender, HIV and AIDS dissemination and other information about responsive technolo- vulnerable groups the HIV and AIDS gies and information through epidemic and economic response empowerment Strengthen leadership Institutional Mainstream Increase the and coordination of strengthening and gender through involvement and the Gender, HIV and capacity building out all activities contribution of AIDS strategy for relating to HIV public sectors, harmonized and and AIDS private sector and decentralised civil society in the implementation HIV and AIDS response Mobilise, track and Institutional Capacity Generate and effectively utilise strengthening and building of disseminate financial and capacity building institutions on information about technical gender the HIV and AIDS resourcesfor the epidemic and implementation of response Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy 58 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Agriculture Gender, National Policies HIV and AIDS Strategy Objectives ASWAp Focus NGP NAF Objective areas Objective Strengthen the Capacity building Enhance HIV and gender, HIV and of institutions on AIDS financial AIDS responsive- gender resource ness mobilisation and of agriculture sector management at all monitoring and levels evaluation system for enhanced accountability, Strengthen the Capacity building Enhance HIV and gender, HIV and of institutions on AIDS financial AIDS responsiveness gender resource of agriculture sector mobilisation and monitoring and management at all evaluation system for levels enhanced accountability, learning and sharing Build and sustain Capacity building Facilitate and capacity of agriculture of institutions on coordinate sector institutions gender multi-sectoral and vulnerable groups implementation of to effectively main the NAF stream gender, HIV and AIDS issues and actions 59 60 ANNEX 2: RESULTS FRAMEWORK Strategic Pillar 1: Quality participation of women and other vulnerable gender categories in ASWAp focus area and key support services Strategic Objective 1.1: To improve food and nutrition security and agro-based income among vulnerable groups in order to reduce gender disparities and contribute to HIV prevention and mitigation of AIDS impacts AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 1 TBD is a short form for “To Be Determined” as part of implementation of the activities. It is envisaged that implementation of the results framework will begin with baseline studies to determine baseline values and targets for the framework. Strategic Actions Output indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Estimated Action Partners Budget Budget (USD) No (USD) (2012-2017) (2012- 2013) 1.1.1.2 Promote production Number of mal e an d female TBD TBD 2012-2017 MoAFS, 0 1,300,000 and use of available PLH IV receiving planting (Short to District indigenous foods in materials for indigenous foods Medium term) Councils, order to improve (including indigenous DHNA, CSOs, nutrition status of vegetables) Training and people living with HIV Academic Institutions, VD Cs 1.1.1.3 Provide food Number of male and female TBD TBD 2012-2014 All agricul tural 600,000 1,600,000 supplements and staff living with HIV accessing (Short term) institutions agricultural inputs to supplementary food and input s members of staff at the workplace AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY living with HIV at th e workplace 1.1.1.4 Promote fish farming Number of women and other TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, 0 600,000 for women and other vulnerable gender c ategories (Short to District vulnerable g ender owning fish farms Medium term) Councils, categories in order to Training and improve prot ein intake Number of women and other Academic among farming vulnerable gender c ategories Institutions, communities, trained in fish farming CSOs, VDCs particularly for PLH IV Number of women and other vulnerable gender c ategories participating in fish farming 61 62 Strategic Actions Output indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Estimated Action Partners Budget Budget (USD) No (USD) (2012-2017) (2012- 2013) 1.1.1.5 Promote production Number of vul nerable gender TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, 0 100,000 and consumption of categories trained in the (Short to District non-traditional high production of non-traditional Medium term) Councils, nutritive value foods high nutritive value foods CSOs Training by vulnerable g ender and Academic categories Number of vul nerable gender Institutions, categories util izing non- VDCs traditional high nutritive value foods 1.1.1.6 Scale-up nutrition Number of women and men TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, 0 120,000 education to reached with nutrition education (Short to DHNA, vulnerable groups Medium term) District AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Number of vul nerable gender Councils, categories CSOs, VDCs reached with nutrition education Sub Total (USD) 900,000 5,020,000 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 1.1.2 Increased participation of • Percentage of vulnerable households involved in crop - Surveys -Leadership and resource vulnerable groups in agro-based, diversification -Monthly reports commitment by government, fisheries, sustainable food production • Percentage of vulnerable households involved in fish CSOs and development partners and income generating activities farming -Scale up of FISP • Percentage of vulnerable households involved in -Scale up of the Green Belt livestock production Initiative • Percentage of vulnerable household whose income has increased • Percentage increase in income of vulnerable households from agro-based and fisheries activities • Percentage of vulnerable households managing and benefiting from agro-based and fisheries income generating activitie s Strategic Actions Output Indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (USD) (2012- (2012-2017) 2013) 1.1.2.1 Develop and Availability of guidelines for TBD TBD 2012-2015 MoAFS, District 100,000 100,000 institutionalize identifying FISP beneficiaries (Short to Councils, mechanisms for medium CSOS, VDCs enforcing the guidelines Number of programmes that term) for transparent and are compliant with revised participatory guidelines identification of vulnerable gender Number of women and other categories in Farm Input vulnerable gender Subsidy Programme beneficiaries of FISP and (FISP) and other other programmes programs 1.1.2.2 Develop and Availability of mechanisms for TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, District 63 300,000 1,200,000 institutionalize ensuring that vulnerable (Short term) Councils, mechanisms for gender categories are Private Sector, ensuring that vulnerable protected from abuse and ACB, MPS, gender categories are exploitation during the FISP CSOs, VDCs protected from abuse process and other input and exploitation during distribution programs the FISP process and other input distribution Number of institutions p 64 other input distribu tion Number of institutions programs enforcing mechanisms for protection of vulnerable gender categories Availability of redress mechanism for abused vulnerable gender categories Strategic Actions Output Indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (USD) (2012- (2012-2017) 2013) 1.1.2.3 Promote small stock Number of women and other TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, District 0 1,650,000 animal produc tion vulnerable gender categories (Short to Councils, through pass-on benefiting from pass-on Medium term) CSOs, Training schemes for vulnerable schemes and Academic AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY gender categories Institutions, VDCs 1.1.2.4 Promote the use of Number of women and other TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, District 0 500,000 labour, time and cost vulnerable gender categories (Short to Councils, saving technologies accessing labou r, time and Medium term) CSOs, VDCs, related to agriculture cost saving technologies Agricultural and fisheries amongst Academic vulnerable gender Institutions, categories. CISANET, Private sector, MIRTDC, MoGCSW Strategic Actions Output Indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (USD) (2012- (2012-2017) 2012) AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 1.1.2.5 Develop and implement Number of women accessing TBD TBD 2013-2017 MoAFS, 300,000 300,000 mechanisms for quality agriculture and Medium to MoGCSW, targeting women, PLHIV fisheries services long term MoY, CSOs, and youths with District agricultural and fisheries Number of male and female Councils, VDCs extension services PLHIV accessing quality fisheries extension s ervices Number of male and female youth accessing quality agriculture services 1.1.2.6 Promote participation of Number of vulnerable groups TBD TBD 2012-2017 MoAFS, 120,000 120,000 vulnerable groups in trained in agricultural (Long term) CISANET, commercially oriented marketing of cash crops & Private sector, agro-based and fisheries fisheries enterprises and FUM, Coalition enterprises and marketing of Women marketing Farmers, District Councils 1.1.2.7 Build capac ity of Number of male and female TBD TBD 2012-2017 MoAFS, 100,000 350,000 extension workers, extension workers trained in ( Long term) Agricultural women and other group and enterprise Academic vulnerable gender management Institutions, categories in group and FUM, enterprise management Number of women and other MoGCSW, vulnerable gender categories District trained in group and Councils, enterprise management Coaliti on of Women Farmers, Private Sector Sub Total (USD) 620,000 4,220,000 65 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 66 OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 1.1.4 Increased access to • Percentage of microfinance institutions that have gender -Microfinance survey reports -Commitmen t by microfinance Microfinance loans by vulnerable and H IV sensitive lending conditions institutions groups • Percentage of vulnerable groups accessing loan s for agro- based and fisheries enterprises Strategic Actions Outputs Indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2017) 1.1.4.1 Facilitate linkages Number of women, male and TBD TBD 2012-2015 MoAFS, 50,000 175,000 between vulnerable female PLHIV, physically (Short to CISANET, groups and challenged and youths Medium term) Private Sector microfinance services accessing microfinance services ,FUM, Coaliti on of AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Women Farmers, Di strict Councils 1.1.4.2 Lobby MFIs to make Number of MFIs with gender, TBD TBD 2012-2017 MoAFS, CSOs, 0 150,000 their loan conditions HIV and AIDS responsive loan (Short to long Di strict and policies to be conditions term) Councils, Gender, HIV and AIDS Private Sector respons ive Number of women, male and female PLHIV, physically challenged and youths accessing loans from MFIs 1.1.4.3 Promote investment Number of social support TBD TBD 2012-2017 MoAFS, 0 150,000 in agro-based and programme beneficiaries, by (Short to MoGCSW, fisheries enterprises gender category, trained on Long term) MoF, MoDP, by beneficiaries of agro-based and fisheries CSOs, Private social support enterprises Sector, FUM, programmes Coaliti on of Number of social support Women programme beneficiaries, by Farmers, gender category, operating Di strict agro-based and fisheries Councils enterprises Sub Total (USD) 50,000 475,000 67 68 Strategic Objective 1.2: To strengthen women’s access to and control over agriculture resources, opportunities, benefits and decision making processes at household, community and national levels OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 1.2.1 Resou rce poor women have • Percentage of women accessing credit, i nputs and income -Baseline and follow up reports -Resource commitment by access to and control over for agricultural an d fisheries en terprises -Reports from lending government and other agricultural and fisheries benefits, • Percentage of women who have control over credit, inputs institutions and implementing stakeholders assets, opportun ities, resources and income for agricultural and fisheries enterprises partners -Conducive policy environment and income • Percentage of women that own and control agricultural -Records on farm inputs -Effective coordination by land and fishing gear benefici ari es MOAFS • Percentage of women in the agriculture sector that are -Willingness and commitment aware of agricu ltural and fisheries extension services by lending institutions • Percentage of women in the agriculture sector demanding agricultural and fisheries extension services • Percentage of women who h ave access to agricultural and fisheries extension services AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic Actions Output Indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2017) 1.2.1.1 Develop and Number of mechanisms TBD TBD 2012-2014 CSOs, MoAFS, 0 300,000 implement implemented (Medium MoGCSW, mechanisms for term) MoL, Training improving women’s Percentage of women having and Academic access to and control access to agriculture and Institutions, over agricultural and fisheries resources Private fisheries resources sector, FUM, such as land, water, Percentage of women having Coaliti on of information and control over agriculture and Women benefits fisheries resources Farmers MoJ AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Strategic Actions Output indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2017) 1.2.1.2 Facilitate the Number of women groups TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, CSOs, 250,000 250,000 formation of grou ps of formed (Short to Private women and link them medium Sector, FUM, to agricultural and Number of women groups term) Coaliti on of fisheries service linked to agricultural and Women providers fisheries service providers Farmers Sub Total (USD) 350,000 1,000,000 OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICA L A SSUMPTIONS 1.2.2 Quality participation of • Percentage of women and men in decision making -Targeted surveys - Requisite capacity of the women in decision making positions in agricultural an d fisheries institutions and -Database (compendium) institutions to manage the processes at all levels in organizations at all levels -Institutional reports database agriculture and fisheries • Percentage of women and men participating in decision - Cooperation of the making processes at institutional and community levels institutions in women empowerment processes Strategic Actions Output Indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Estimated Action No Partners Budget Budget (USD) (USD) (2012-2017) (2012- 2013) 1.2.2.1 Conduc t awareness Number of awareness TBD TBD 2012-2014 CSOs, MoAFS, 150,000 300,000 campaigns on the campaigns on women’s (Short term) MoGCSW, importan ce of involvement i n decision making Private Sector , women’s participation in agriculture and fisheries FUM, Coalition in decision making in of Women agriculture and Farmers fisheries 69 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 70 Strategic Objective 1.3: To reduce and manage factors that promote gender inequality and spread of HIV that arise due to agricultural related mobility and migration OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 1.3.1 Reduced vulnerability to HIV • Availability of Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive - Leadership and resource infection of migrant men and interventions for mobile and migrant workers - Behavioural Surveillanc e commitment by government women as well as their spouses • Percentage of migrant men and women and their spouses Survey and development partners with reduced risky behaviours -Conducive policy environment Strategic Actions Output Indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2017) AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Develop and Number of gender HIV and TBD TBD 2012-2015 MoAFS, 150,000 450,000 1.3.1.1 implement gender, AIDS responsive by-laws (Short to MoGCSW, HIV and AIDS developed Medium term) CSOs, Di strict respons ive by-laws for Councils, agricultural and Number of gender HIV and Private Sector fisheries mobile and AIDS responsive by-laws migrant workers implemented 1.3.1.2 Promote fish farming Number of male and female TBD TBD 2012-2015 MoAFS, CSOs, 0 500,000 and fisheri es’ spouses of migrant workers (Short to Training and enterprises among involved in fish farming and medium Academic spou ses of migrant fisheries enterprises term) Institutions, workers Di strict Councils, Private Sector Sub Total (USD) 150,000 950,000 71 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 72 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 1.3.3 Gender, HIV and AIDS • Percentage of institutions with Gender, HIV and AIDS -Mini Surveys - Leadership and resource responsive working conditions for responsive working conditions for mobile and migrant Monitoring visits commitment by government mobile and migrant workers in the workers and stakeholders agriculture sector -Conducive policy environment Strategic Actions Output Indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2017) 1.3.3.1 Lobby institutions to Number of advocacy meetings TBD TBD 2012-2014 CSOs, MoAFS, 0 150,000 provide Gender, HIV with companies in agriculture (Short to MoL, Di strict and AIDS responsive and fisheries medium Councils, working conditions for term) Private mobile and migrant Number of institutions targeted Sector, workers with advocacy messages legislators 1.3.3.2 Promote enforcement Number of estates and other TBD TBD 2013-2015 CSOs , MoL, 0 70,000 and monitoring of agricultural institutions (Medium MoAFS, Gender, HIV and AIDS implementing and monitoring term) Training and respons ive working Gender, HIV and AIDS Academic conditions in Estates responsive working conditions Institutions, and other Agricultural Media institutions Number of monitoring visits to Houses, estates and other agricultural Di strict institutions on implementation Councils, and of Gender, HIV and AIDS Private responsive working conditions Sector, legislators Sub Total (USD) 0 220,000 73 74 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 2.1.1.2 Disseminate Number of harmonized gender, TBD TBD 2012-2017 MoAFS, CSOs 0 150,000 harmonised gender, HIV and AIDS responsive (Short to academic and HIV and AIDS technologies disseminated long term) research respons ive agricultural institutions, and fisheries Number of male and female Media, Private technologies and farmers reached with gender, Sector, information HIV and AIDS responsive Di strict technologies and information Councils, COWFA Number of awareness fora on gender, HIV and AIDS responsive technologies conducted AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 2.1.1.3 Conduct research on Number of research studies TBD TBD 2012-2017 MoAFS, 0 800,000 the role of indi genous conducted on the role of (Short to National and traditional foods indigenous and tradi tional foods long term) Herbarium and herbs on nutrition and herbs in the nutrition of and Botanical of PLHIV PLHIV Gardens, FRIM, Ministry of Health, OPC Department of HIV and AIDS and Nutrition, CSOs, Academic and Research Institutions 2.1.1.4 Conduct research Number of research con du cted TBD TBD 2012-2015 MoAFS, 50,000 200,000 studies on gender, on the role of indigenous, (Short to CSOs, HIV and AIDS in traditional foods and herbs in medium Academic agriculture and the nutrition of People Living term) and Research fisheries with HIV Institutions Sub Total (USD) 150,000 1,770,000 OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 2.1.2 Strength ened collaboration • Number of functional collaborative initiatives among - Surveys -Leadership by MOAFS on the generation and utilization of researchers, extension workers and farmers -Reports from partners -Resource commitment by gender, HIV and AIDS responsive government and other technologies and information stakehol ders among extension workers, -Conducive policy researchers and farmers environment 75 76 Strategic Actions Output indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2017) 2.1.2.1 Establish and Number of c oll aborative TBD TBD 2012-2017 MoAFS, CSOs, 100,000 400,000 operationalize gender, structures responsive to gender, (Short to Academic and HIV and AIDS HIV and AIDS in agriculture and long term) Researc h respons ive fisheries i n place Institutions, collaboration Di strict structures in Number of meetings con du cted Councils agriculture and by gender, HIV and AIDS fisheries responsive collaboration structures 2.1.2.2 Promote research on Number of research studies TBD TBD 2012-2016 MoAFS, 0 250,000 climate variabil ity and conducted on climate change (Short to long Training, AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY change that addresses and variability that benefits term) Academia and the needs of women women farmers and other Researc h farmers and other vul nerable gender categories institu tions, vulnerable gender DCCMS, categories MoGCC, CSOs, Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services Sub Total (USD) 100,000 650,000 Strategic pillar 3: Effective Coordination, Capacity Building and Resource Mobilization Strategic Objective 3.1: To strengthen leadership and coordination of the Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy for harmonized and decentralised implementation OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 3.1.1 Effective leadershi p and • Availability of a designated focal person for coordination of • Partner reports -Leadership and resource coordination in the implementation the strategy implementation • Meeting minutes commitment by government of the strategy and development partners -Improved institutional framework Strategic Actions Outputs indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2016) 3.1.1.1 Assign and Number of well qualified female TBD TBD 2012-2013 MoAFS, 100,000 500,000 institutionalize a or male coordinator deployed (Short term) Development fulltime coordinator partners and technical Number of well qualified female assistant to faci litate and male technical assistant the implementation of deployed the strategy Sub Total (USD) 100,000 500,000 77 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 78 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY OUTCOME Actions Strategic Output OUTCOME indicators INDICATORS Baseline Target Time MEANSFrame Responsible OF VERIFICATION RequiredASSUMPTIONS CRITICAL Total ActionHarmonized programming in 3.1.4 • Percentage of institutions doing join t programmi ng and • Partners -Partner reports Budget and resourc -Leadership Estimated e No the implementation of the strategy reviews on the impl ementation of the strategy • Meeting minutes (USD) by government commitment Budget by various stakehol ders Availability of operational information hu b (website, resource and(2012- (USD) development partners centre, database) 2013) institutional -Improved (2012-2016) 3.1.3.1 Create stakeholder’ Number of stakeholders TBD TBD 2012-2013 MoAFS, framework 0 1,300,000 Strategic awareness Actions on the awareness Output forums indicators Baseline Target (Short term) Time Frame Development Responsible Required Total Action GHA strategy partners, Partners Budget Estimated No Number of males and females CSOs, Private (USD) Budget participating in the stakeholders partners, (2012- (USD) awareness forums Training and 2013) (2012-2016) Institute stakeholders’ Number of joi nt stakeholder TBD TBD 2012-2016 AcademicCSOs, MoAFS, 0 700,000 3.1.4.1 joint programming programming and review (Short to long Privatetions institu and reviews meetings term) Sub Total partners, 0 1,300,000 (USD) Training and Academic institu tions 3.1.4.2 Establish and scale up Number of information sharing TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, CSOs, 0 175,000 information sharing platforms established and up- (Short to Private platform scaled medium partners, term) Training and Number of stakeholders using Academic the information sharing platform institu tions Sub Total 0 875,000 (USD) 79 80 Strategic Objective 3.2: To mobilise, track and effectively utilise financial and technical resources for the implementation of Gender, HIV and AIDS strategy OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 3.2.1 Increased financial • Percentage of th e gender, HIV and AIDS strategy budget • -Partner reports -Leadership and resource commitment and technical support funded • Meeting minutes commitment by government by all stakehol ders to GH A Strategy • Percentage of stakeh olders with increased funding to GHA and development partners implementation strategy actions • Proportion of financial allocation and expenditure for gender, HIV and AIDS interventions in the ASWAp budget Strategic Actions Output indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2016) Market the GHA No of GHA resource mobilization TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, 0 100,000 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 3.2.1.1 strategy to forums conducted (Short to Development stakeholders and medium partners, development partners term) Private for resource support Sector, CSOs, COWFA, Training and Academic institu tions 3.2.1.2 Develop and Resource mobil ization plan TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, MoF, 50,000 110,000 implement a resource (Short to MoDP, mobilization plan for No of stakeholders responding medium Development Gender, HIV and AIDS to the resource mobilization term) partners, strategy plan CSOs, COWFA, Training and Academic institu tions Sub Total 50,000 210,000 (USD) OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 3.2.2 Enhanced accountability on • Proportion of agriculture institutions submitting and sharing - Surveys -Leadership and resource resource utilization by stakeholders regular financial reports that stipulate resource allocation to -Audit reports commitment by government in the implementation of the GHA Gender, HIV and AIDS activities and development partners strategy • Proportion of agricultu re institutions with systems for tracking utili zation of funds for Gender, HIV and AIDS activities Strategic Actions Output indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2016) 3.2.2.1 Establish a budget Availability of functional budget TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, MoF, 50,000 100,000 and expenditure tracking system (Short to MoDP, tracking system for medium Development Gender, HIV and AIDS term) partners, AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY related activities Di strict Councils, CSOs,, COWFA, Training and Academic institutions Sub Total 50,000 100,000 (USD) 81 82 Strategic Objective 3.3: To strengthen the gender, HIV and AIDS responsiveness of agriculture sector monitoring and evaluation system for enhanced accountability, learning and sharing OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 3.3.1 Monitoring and Evaluation • Availability of Gender, HIV and AIDS responsive M&E - Surveys -Effective data management System that responds to Gender, framework -Partner reports system in place HIV and AIDS needs in agriculture • Availability of Gender, H IV and AIDS responsive M&E tools -Meeting minutes -Leadership and resourc e • Availability of Gender, HIV and AIDS disaggregated commitment by government information in monitoring and evaluation reports and stakeholders • Availability of analyzed and interpreted Gender, HIV and AIDS information in the documents and reports Strategic Actions Output indicator Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2016) AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Review and/or Availability of Gender, HIV and TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, CSOs, 60,000 120,000 3.3.1.1 develop M&E systems AIDS responsive M& E system (Short term) MoF, MoDP, in the agriculture Training and sector to make them Academic Gender, HIV and AIDS institu tions, respons ive and Private Sector 3.3.1.2 Scale up Gender, HIV Number of stakeholders using TBD TBD 2012-2016 MoAFS, CSOs, 150,000 250,000 and AIDS responsive the Gender, HIV and AIDS (Short to long Training and M&E systems at all responsive M&E systems at all term) Academic levels levels institu tions, and Private Sector Sub Total 210,000 370,000 (USD) Strategic 3.3.3.1 OUTCOME Develop and Action No implement M&E that 3.3.3 Enhanced participation of women andenhanceother participation vulnerable Actions of women an gender categories ind other the vulnerable gender OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS community-based M&E processes MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 3.3.2 Improved documen tation • Availability of documentation and publications on best categories -Partner reports -Leadership and resource and sharing of best practices and practices on Gender, HIV and AIDS in agriculture -Surveys commitment by government lessons on Gender, HIV and AIDS and stakeholders in agriculture - Stakeholders’ willingness to share documents Strategic Actions Output indicators Baseline Participatory Gender, OUTCOME INDICATORS HIV and TBD TBD Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) Output indicators 2013) (2012-2016) Document and share Number of best practices and ProportionTBD TBD 2012-2016 MoAFS, 50,000 250,000 sive of M& Ewomen and other vulnerable gender •AIDS respon 3.3.2.1 best practices and lessons documented (Short to long Training and lessons on gender, term) Academic HIV and AIDS in the Number of best practices and Institutions, agriculture sector lessons sh aring forums categories actively participating in communi ty-based M&E CSOs, Private Sector, Media AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY Number of publications on best ,Department practices an d lessons Baseline Number of stakeholders using of HIV and processes AIDS and Nutrition, Community based Gender, HIV MoGCSW, NAC Target Sub Total 50,000 250,000 (USD) and AIDS responsive M&E 2012-2016 MEANS OF MoAFS, VERIFICATION MoF, (Short to long MoDP -Surveys term) -Partner reports Training and Academic Institutions, CSOs, NSO Time Frame Sub Total Responsible (USD) Partners 100,000 CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 300,000 -Leadership and resource 83 commitment by government and stakeholders -Stakeholders’ willingness to share documents 100,000 Required 300,000 Total Budget Estimated (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2016) OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL A SSUMPTIONS 84 3.3.4 Improved accountability of • Proportion of agricultural institutions with functional - Surveys -Leadership and resourc e service providers to rights holders gender, HIV and AIDS inclusi ve accountability tools -Partner reports commitment by government (women and other vulnerable and stakeholders gender categories) -Stakeholders’ willingness to share documents Strategic Actions Output indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2016) Establish a c entralized A centralized technical data TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, MoF, 100,000 250,000 3.3.4.1 technical data management hub (Short to MoDP, management hub on medium Development gender, HIV and AIDS term) partners, in the agriculture District sec tor Councils, AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY DISTMIS CSOs 3.3.4.2 Facilitate Number of feedback forums to TBD TBD 2012-2016 MoAFS, MoF, 0 500,000 ac countability to the vulnerable rights holders (Short to long MoDP, vulnerable rights term) Development holders in the partners, agriculture sector District Councils, DISTMIS and CSOs 3.3.4.3 Collect, analyze and Data base on agriculture sector TBD TBD 2012-2013 MoAFS, CSOs, 150,000 150,000 incorporate baseline gender, HIV and AIDS (Short term) Private data on gender, HIV Sector, NSO, and AIDS in the GHA Training and Strategy Academic institu tions Sub Total 250,000 900,000 (USD) AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY StrategicActions Strategic Objective 3.4: To build and Output sustain capacity indicators of Target Baseline agriculture sector institutions Time Frame and vulnerable Responsible Required groups Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No to effectively mainstream gender, HIV and AIDS issues and actions (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL 2013) ASSUMPTIONS (2012-2016) 3.4.1 3.4.2.1 Gender, Build HIV the and AIDS capacity of •Number of Percentage male of programmes andTBD and female projects thatTBD have gender, - Surveys 2012-2016 MoAFS, -Conducive policy environment 300,000 700,000 responsive the policies, programmes agriculture sector staff HIV and AIDS responsive indicators and actions trained -Inventory (S hort of Gender, to long HIV and MoGCSW, and projects staff in mainstreaming • Percentage of policies that are gender, HIV and AIDS AIDS term) responsive CSOs, Projects and gender and HIV and responsive Programmes Training and AIDS in their core -Policy Documents Academic Strategic Actions business Output indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible institutions, Required Total Action Partners Private Budget Estimated No Sector, NAC, (USD) Budget COWFA (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2016) 3.4.1.1 Mainstream gender, Number of sector policies, TBD TBD 2012-2016 MoAFS, 36,000 180,000 HIV and AIDS issues programmes and projects that (S hort to long MoGCSW, in ongoing and new have mainstreamed gender, HIV term) CSOs, sector policies, and AIDS Training and programmes and Academic projects. institutions, Private Sector, NAC, COWFA Sub Total (USD) 36,000 180,000 OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 3.4.2 Increased expertise of the • Percentage of staff (disaggregated by gender) able to - Surveys -Leadership and resource agriculture sector staff in identi fy, analyze and mainstream gender, HIV and AIDS - Training Reports commitment by government mainstreaming gender, HIV and issues and actions i n their core business and other stakeholders AIDS in their c ore business -Conducive policy environment 85 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 86 OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS 3.4.4 Enhanced conservation • Percen tage of vulnerable households sustainably utilizing -Surveys - Resource commitment by and utilization of fish species indigenous crops, livestock and fish species --Institutional reports government and other and indigenous crops and stakehol ders livestock by vulnerable gender -Conducive policy en vironment categories Leadership by the MOAFS Strategi Actions Output indicators Baseline Target Time Responsible Required Total c Action Frame Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget ( USD) (2012- (2012-2016) 2013) 3.4.4.1 Build capaci ty of Number of women and other TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, 0 500,000 women and other vulnerable gender categories trained (Short to MoGCSW, vulnerable gender in conservation and management of medium District categories in fish species an d indigenous crops term) Councils, sustainable and livestock CSOs, Ministry AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY production and of Natural utilization of fish Resources, species, indigenous Training and crops and livestock Academic institutions 3.4.4.2 Scale up best Number of women and vulnerable TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, 0 400,000 practices i n agro- gender categories trained in agro- (Short to District biodiversity biodiversity conservation medium Councils, management term) CSOs, Ministry amongst Nu mber of women and vulnerable of Natural vulnerable gender gender categories conserving agro- Resources and categories, biodiversity Development especially women partners, Training and Academic institutions Sub Total (USD) 100,000 1,500,000 87 AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY 88 OUTCOME OUTCOME INDICA TORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION CRITICA L ASSUMPTIONS 3.4.6 Enhanced ability vulnerable • Percentage of vulnerable households practicing agricultural - Surveys - Resource commitment by gender categories to adapt to interventions that are adapted to c limate variability and government and other climate variability and change change -Institutions reports stakeholders -Conducive policy environment Leaders hip by the MOAFS Strategic Actions Output indicators Baseline Target Time Frame Responsible Required Total Action Partners Budget Estimated No (USD) Budget (2012- (USD) 2013) (2012-2016) 3.4.6.1 Build capacity of Number of women and other TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, 0 250,000 women and other vulnerable gender categories (S hort to Department vul nerable gender trained i n interventions for medium term) of Di saster categories in adapting and mitigating climate Management agricultural variability and change Affairs interventions for (DoDMA), AGRICULTURE SECTOR GENDER, HIV AND AIDS - STRATEGY adapting to, and CSOs, mitigating climate Ministry of variability and change Natural Resources 3.4.6.2 Promote local best Number of fora showcasing best TBD TBD 2012-2014 MoAFS, 0 500,000 practices in adaptation practices in adaptation and (S hort to MoIWD, and mitigation of mitigation of climate variability medium term) District climate variability and and change Councils, change amongst CSOs, women and other Number of women and other Ministry of vul nerable gender vulnerable gender categories Energy and categories reac hed with best practices in Mines adaptation and mitigation of climate variability and change Sub Total (USD) 0 750,000 Total budget (USD) 30,900,000 89