Rural Development Strategic Framework 2014

41 The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development Rural Development Strategic Framework Date: 1st March, 2014 40 Ministry of Livestock Fisheries and Rural Development Rural Development Strategy for Poverty Reduction Concept Note Context 1. Setting the frame work for integrated rural development and five grand strategies for poverty reduction 2. Prioritizing and Targeting Strategy 3. Synergy of Development Intervention and Multiplying Impacts Strategy 4. Sustainable Financing for Rural Development Strategy 5. Effective Collaboration Strategy 6. Good governance process for progressive rural development strategy 7. Timetable for Implementation Process 8. Miscellaneous 9. Appendix Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development Strategic Framework for Rural Development 1. Context As Myanmar has been implementing a step-by-step measure for the transformation of political, economic and social sectors with great momentum, it has been trying to eradicate poverty throughout the whole nation by implementing community-based socio-economic development activities. Recently, it has had Rural Development Department reformed and incorporated into the Ministry of Livestock Breeding and Fisheries Industry and plan to reduce the number of poor people by implementing integrated rural development effectively and efficiently. Aiming to ensure all inclusive state holder participation in carrying out rural development activities for poverty reduction, the following discussion notes have been recorded to be considered as priority working proposals after discussing with international development organizations, civil societies and private business organizations for two times. (A) To effectively manage and carry out suitable activities for those who are in real need of help from the areas which really need intervention by organizing scattered expertise, technology, experience, capitals and funds by means of identifying implementing tools and project plans to ensure that all the able people can participate in rural development activities. (B) To enhance people’s participation by adopting Decentralization Approach in implementing rural development activities. (C) To solve any cases to do with land tenure as it is important for small farmers (D) To use good results from microfinance, information and communication technology development, renewable energy development, environment conservation and agriculture and livestock breeding technology development collaboratively as necessary (E) To help improve social development and businesses directly as well as to help improve human rights conditions for local people, adopting Rights -based Approach. (F) Develop SMEs with participation of private businessmen in rural development activities for mutual benefits. (G) To strengthen community based organizations by developing human resources A decision to set up a rural development strategy has been made in order to effectively implement all the activities mentioned in the above discussion notes. To write up a rural development strategy, a working committee will be formed to write concept paper for strategic framework and that is to be finalized and approved after consulting and taking advice from all the personal concerned. 2. Vision Aligning with MDG goals, the vision of the framework is to improve socioeconomic life of rural populace and narrow down the urban-rural divides. 2 3. Mission The missions are 1) addressing inclusive and sustainable rural development employing people centered approach which aim to contribute the Nation’s ultimate goal of reducing poverty rate by 16% by 2015; 2) strengthening community based organizations, building capacity of local communities, nurturing good governance process; and 3) mitigation of natural and social disasters and creation of resilience communities. 4. Setting the frame work for integrated rural development and five grand strategies for poverty reduction The government has set up a development goal to reduce poverty to from 26% to 15% nationwide within coming 30 months. According to initial surveys conducted by UNDP, it is found out that an average income per annum needs to be above 300,000ks to be able to have enough food rich in nutrition to be healthy. People who earn under this amount of income per year are considered people under poverty line. It will be necessary to increase incomes of each and individual household and socio-economic conditions so as to reduce the number of people living under poverty line and to bring about this, flexible and adaptable rural development strategy and tactics will need to be set up. Thus, rural development policy that the government will set up and implement is – “To reduce poverty with the emergence of a good governance process for progressive rural development by setting up and implementing most suitable self-help village development projects in a timely manner for the people who are in real need of help from special (priority) regions by means of implementing regular socio-economic development activities throughout the whole nation and organizing technology, expertise, capitals and development funds as well; by conducting their activities in harmony with special all-round central area development services for different sectors in the respective regions” To effectively implement above-mentioned rural development policies, the following strategies will be set up. Strategy (1) Prioritizing and Implementing All-round Development Strategy Strategy (2) Synergy of Development Intervention and Multiplying Impacts Strategy. Strategy (3) Sustainable Financing for Rural Development Strategy Strategy (4) Effective Collaboration Strategy Strategy (5) Good Governance Process for Progressive Rural Development strategy It is aimed to gain the result of poverty reduction by creating good socio-economic conditions for (3)million people living in rural areas within coming (30) months by identifying and implementing strategies and tactics for each strategy. 3 5. Prioritizing Strategy In implementing rural development activities, it is needed to prioritize plans and projects to effectively utilize human resources, capital, and other resources available as the nation has a lot of needs and necessities. As respective ministries will be carrying out development activities through the whole nation as usual, it is also aimed to identify and selecting some regions where poverty reduction activities should be focused on and village development activities will be conducted initially as pilot projects in those regions and they are expected to expand if they become successful. Criteria for the Selection of Areas of Priority (1) Development Need ‐ to select poor people from the regions that needs most help seriously for development ‐ to select districts and regions where a very high number of poor people are living in, based on current poverty map. (2) Beneficiary Coverage ‐ to select the regions that can gain most benefits if development activities are carried out ‐ to select some regions from thus – selected regions based on their population density (3) Operational Feasibility ‐ to consider feasibility as a criterion apart from development need and beneficiary coverage ‐ to select areas of priority considering remarks by local people who have social and economic connections and by administrative personnel (4) Social Equity ‐ to select areas of priority based on social equity among national races ‐ to select some areas form thus-selected areas taking into account advice from personnel concerned (5) Visibility for Replicability If initial development projects achieve a success, they need to be expanded .Therefore, the selected areas where development activities are to be conducted must be located in prime areas and they should be easily accessible by people to bringing about multiplying impacts. This last criterion is to be used to finalize the selected areas of priority, which have been selected by above-mentioned criteria. The status of poverty by districts and townships is mentioned as Appendix (A). 6. Synergy of Development Intervention and Multiplying Impacts It is to set up self-help rural development project and all-round local development project in order to effectively conduct poverty reduction and rural development activities and to implement them collaboratively 4 (a) Participatory Village Development Plan It refers to projects directly managed by people living in rural areas at village level with development help available by identifying their own needs. It is aimed to set up and implement suitable activities such as improving farming incomes, social condition for education and health, village electrification, environmental conservation, improving village infrastructure and improving livelihoods and administration skills within the project period of 24 months. To set up and implement their projects, village development committees constituted with local representatives will need to be formed and they will need to be trained to improve their capacity with the help of civil societies and they will have to write village development project proposals.Twice a year, village development project proposals written in each township will have to be scrutinized and approved transparently according to set strict rules.Then, approvedprojects will be funded and implemented directly by the village (or) suitable service providers. Government departments in respectivetownships or international and local development organizations are to provide technical assistance to village development projects and to monitor and give advice on improvements of the projects. The framework for strategy for poverty reduction that is to base on to make the process of setting up village development projects more systematic and effective is mentioned in the pie chart(1). 5 6 Table 1. Framework for Creating Rural Works for Poverty Reduction Strategic Aim Strategy Tactics Remarks 30-50% increase in annual income of those under poverty line 150$ 1. Increasing Working capital 1.1 Conditional Cash Transfer 1.2 Micro credit 1.3 Self Help Group Community Banking 1.4 Village Revolving Fund 1.5 Providing Inputs (seed grain, chemical fertilizers, fishery equipment, domestic livestock) Current statistics shows a need for Ks 150,000 increase in working capital so that those with per capita income of Ks 200,000 might enjoy 50% increase in income. 25$ 2. Livelihood assets to reduce livelihood burden & expenditure 2.1 Expansion of potable water supply and construction of fly proof latrines 2.2 Rural electrification with renewable energy 2.3 Distributing firewood efficient stoves 2.4 Establishing paddy banks 2.5 Rural-based child care 2.6 Rural Transportation 2.7 Rural food preparation and processing More guidelines will be made for rural development works especially those for each Tactic. 1) Feasible subsidiary works 2) Step for them 3) Preliminary needs 4) Major input aids 5) Inputs and working capital to be provided by the village 6) Management 7) Analysis & Achievement Index 8) Preparation of reports 9) Basic Accounting Procedure needed 10) Miscellaneous 3. Increasing income generating opportunities 3.1 Creating seasonal jobs for food or wages 3.2 Helping rural production of traditional fabrics 3.3 Development of rural handicrafts 3.4 Developing value-added food processing works 7 Strategic Aim Strategy Tactics Remarks in rural areas 3.5 Improving services in rural areas (Mechanic services, Hairdressing etc) 3.6 Expanded extraction of forestry products other than wood and logs 3.7 Development of livestock breeding on self-manageable basis 3.8 Development of Integrated Gardening 100$ 4. Enabling physical environment for boosting socioeconomic development 4.1 More construction and maintenance of rural roads & bridges 4.2 Creating small- scale irrigation works for agriculture 4.3 Development of watershed areas in the countryside 4.4 Construction & maintenance of village schools 4.5 Construction and maintenance of village dispensary 4.6 Building multipurpose central shelters in rural areas 4.7 Building shelters for processing, production and storage of rural products 8 Strategic Aim Strategy Tactics Remarks 50% 5. Balancing environmental stability and ecological productivity 5.1 Creating community owned forests 5.2 Creating forestry plantation on self manageable basis of a family 5.3 Community-based development of free range and pastures 5.4 Management of water resources and swamps in rural areas 5.5 Protection of agricultural biodiversity 5.6 Community-based waste management and compost production 5.7 Community- based conservation of fishery resources 6. Improving community strengthening skill, resilience through leadership and social safety net to reduce socio politico-ecological risks and livelihood vulnerability 6.1 Improving livelihood skills 6.2 Development of community-based organs and improvement of their finance management efficiency 6.3 Development of savings and insurance services for rural people. 6.4 Development of alarm system for preparedness against natural disasters in rural 9 Strategic Aim Strategy Tactics Remarks areas 6.5 Improvement of community-based health care for the public 6.6 Community-based literacy and maintenance of traditional culture activities 6.7 Training in citizenship, gender equity and leadership skills 10 11 Table 2. Framework for Planning Regional Development to Aid Rural Areas Strategic Aim Strategy Tactic Remarks 33 Centres for integrated regional development to aid rural areas 1. Strategic Infrastructure Development 1.1 Establishment of ICT network 1.2 Micro Grid for Electrification through renewable energy 1.3 Building a road network to aid regional economic development To be carried out through feasibility study and promotion of private investments 2. Sustainable land based economic development & natural resources management 2.1 Protection of major watershed areas 2.2 Protection of biodiversity 2.3 Protection of land and fertile top-soil 2.4 Developing agricultural land and settlements 2.5 Commercial forest plantation 2.6 Commercial plantation 2.7 Protection of pastures and free range 2.8 Micro irrigation works 2.9 Establishing strain farms for livestock breeding 2.10 Garden for growing saplings of crops and plants 2.11 Station for seeding of fish 2.12 Garden for protection of agricultural plant species 12 Strategic Aim Strategy Tactic Remarks 3. Integrated Public Services Development (One stop Public Services) 3.1 Comprehensive Public Services development for Citizens 3.2 Development of mobile public health care and disease control services 3.3 Development of mobile veterinary services 3.4 Development of farming education 3.5 Development of public sports activities 3.6 Improvement of security and law and order Public services can be made available for convenience at a central place, or in the same building 4. Development marketing link and added value services 4.1 Extension of market building for better commerce 4.2 Development of honest marketing standards and arbitration procedures for disputes 4.3 Development of small industries for milling and processing 4.4 Improvement of warehousing services 4.5 Development of packaging services 4.6 Development of transport and freight services 4.7 Development of accommodation facilities 4.8 Development of mobile To be carried out through feasibility study, increased private investment, quality control and coordination 13 Strategic Aim Strategy Tactic Remarks banking services 4.9 Development of mortgaged micro loan services 4.10 Removing obstacles for added value production 5. Development works for promotion of human resources and efficiency improvement 5.1 Development of ICT services 5.2 Local based radio broadcasts for variety educational purposes 5.3 Development of services to aid start ups 5.4 Keeping a multipurpose training hall and holding regular courses for uplifting efficiency a) Citizenship and Leadership Course b) Livelihoods Training Course c) Course for Business Development d) Public Works Training Course e) Development of public participation 7. Strategy for Sustainable Financing Poverty reduction requires large financing, and must necessarily be sustainable because it is not one-time effort on the part of the State. Thus the strategy takes local revenue as a base, then to receive yearly State subsidies and contributions from organizations local and foreign, civil society and the private 14 sector each according to their own interests. Funds for reduction of rural poverty are to be established at Township, District and Region levels. The locals, knowing that their taxes directly revert to community development, may likely be more willing to bear them. Hence the amount of development funds will increase in the long term. The Fund for Reduction of Rural Poverty is to be divided into two; Township Development Fund and Locality Development Fund. Township Development Fund Township Development Fund means a development fund to be set up in a prioritized township in a chosen region. (a) Aim of the Fund The aim of Township Development Fund is to directly help implement the integrated rural development project which has been drawn up on self help basis. (b) Establishment of the Fund The Township Development Fund is constituted of monetary contributions made through the following means: Township Development Committee taxes 70% of yearly TDC revenue is to be contributed Departmental contribution for expenditure in rural development Capital expenditure for townshipwise rural development are turned over to Township Development Fund instead of incurring it by the department itself. 1) Agricultural loan 2) Livestock breeding loan 3) Allotment for establishment of household water supplies 4) Allotment for establishment of water supplies for agricultural use 5) Allotment for establishment of forest plantations in rural areas 6) Allotment for construction of new school buildings 7) Allotment for creating energy sources and saving purposes State subsidies The township concerned will receive annual or biennial subsidy according to the following standard scales, if state finances permit. 15 Township Development Committee taxes 70% of yearly TDC revenue is to be contributed a) Subsidy to increase working capital at Ks 150,000 per head of those in poverty b) Social welfare investment at Ks 25000 per head of those in poverty c) Subsidy at Ks 25000 per head of those in poverty for better income generation d) Subsidy at Ks 100,000 per head of those in poverty for development of village infrastructure e) Subsidy at Ks 25,000 per head of those in poverty for environmental protection f) Subsidy for development compatible with capability at Ks 25000 per head of those in poverty Remarks: The above-mentioned standard scales are to be revised from time to time after being reviewed by experts. Contribution by developmental organizations State-controlled development organs, INGOs, and local NGOs are to make contributions according to their own interests, expertise, or all-round development. Contribution by private entrepreneurs Developmental investments by private businesses for production sharing are received. For example, entrepreneurs in contract farming, micro finance and payment of Ecosystem Service. Individual contributions Voluntary contributions by persons interested in rural development. Contributions through Corporate Social Responsibility or as a proportion of corporate profits (c) Management of the Fund Township Development Fund is to be managed by Township level Consortium of Development Partners constituted with bona fide elected representatives of rural people and representatives of Township level Consortium of Development Partners (consisting of developmental personnel and INGO and NGO personnel). The procedure for fund management is to be rendered best through refresher courses and support from government departments and NGOs. Cash expenditure is to be regularly audited by 16 internationally recognized bodies. The funds at village level are to be regularly audited by local accountants of official recognition. (d) Allotments out of the fund 10% of Township Development Fund is deemed to be administrative costs and 90% should directly go towards village development projects. A 24-month implementation program proposed by village tracts is to be directly submitted to Township Development Support Group. Twice a year, the plenary Township Development Meeting is held where the proposals coming from village tracts are scrutinized and adopted. Scrutinization procedure, directives and priorities are to be regularized and apparent and worthy of consensus. Locality Development Fund Locality Development Fund is the fund meant to be used in the district where the Township of priority stands or in a collection of districts which are topographically or administratively related. (a) Aim of the Fund Locality Development Fund is meant to be used for expenditure and investment for rural development in the Township of priority where feasibility studies, training, and initial capital investments would be needed. In other words it is Development Stimulus Fund, not comprehensive capital for development. Thus private entrepreneurs should be persuaded to participate in capitalization for the projects of locality development. If they find it hard to participate conditions could be created to invite investment from individuals with surplus cash. (b) Procedure to set up a Fund The following methods could be used to set up a fund: Through local revenue Constitution 2008 gives categories of revenue which could be locally collected; a percentage of State/Region revenue is to go towards the Fund. It is not currently practicable for its small quantity. It stands as a principle to be followed in the longer term. Direct Subsidies Capitalization by State is needed for locality development projects. However, how much for a locality of priority is hard to calculate, so such a locality should receive Ks 1,000,000,000 per year which could be revised after expert calculation and projected again. 17 Aid from internal and external organizations Voluntary contributions from internal and external organizations interested in locality development projects are to be welcomed Private investments Private businessmen may participate in projects of the locality concerned by way of investment or transfer of a percentage of dividends as they relate to their own interests. (c) Administration of the Fund The Locality Development Fund falls in the responsibility of the Fund Management Committee constituted with suitable persons from locality wise Consortium of Development Partners. A team of experts shall prescribe the management procedures. The use of Fund is to be examined by internationally recognized auditors. (d) Allocation of the Fund Allotments out of the Locality Development Fund are made as follows: a) Use for feasibility study of locality project, document preparation and assessment =10% b) Capitalization for infrastructure =30% c) Multipurpose Public services =20% d) Promotion Purposes =10% e) Capacity and Information =10% f) Land-based Economic Development =20% This allocation could be revised as necessary after coordination. 8. Strategy of Effective Collaboration Achievement in poverty reduction of rural areas is faced with many challenges. This community based rural development calls for organizational reach up to poor people in far-flung rural areas so that they may participate on self helps basis. Prospects for success will be better if the private sector, NGOs and government departments work together hand in hand, rather than the State takes the sole responsibility. Thus the following system is to be established in order to have effective cooperation of all interested parties. 18 1) Establishing a Consortium of Development Partners 2) Holding coordination meetings for development projects Organizing Consortiums of Development Partners A Consortium of Development Partners means an organization interested in and committed to poverty reduction in Myanmar rural areas that is constituted with Government and willing partners like development organizations internal and external, civil organizations internal and external, civil organizations and private businessmen. The following 3 levels are needed to be formed for implementation of strategic projects in rural development: a) Union-level Consortium of Development Partners b) State/Region – level Consortium of Development Partners c) Prioritized Township- level Consortium of Development Partners (a) Aim of the Consortium of Development Partners The Consortium of Development Partners is organized with the following aims: a) To identify projects responding to interested development category, or relevant topographical area b) To facilitate coordination matters in the implementation of development projects c) To improve development policy and procedure through mutual exchange of information and experiences among Development Partners (b) Formation of the Consortium of Development Partners Union-level Consortium of Development Partners shall be formed with departmental officials sent by the cabinet and those interested in working for rural development and responding to the following: a) Foreign aid organizations which are giving, or willing to give, technical and /or financial aid to official development projects inside Myanmar b) International organization (or) INGO currently engaged in official development projects inside Myanmar c) Local NGO, at least 1-year-old, being actually and formally engaged on self manageable basis in socio-economic development inside Myanmar d) Private-owned companies and financial institutions internal or external, which are functioning with investments inside Myanmar Would-be development partners may send in their applications of intent accompanied by the following documents to Department of Rural Development. 1) Data description on organization and activities 2) Record on project implementation 19 3) The sector of the project to be participated and the land area to be covered 4) Status of prospective financial aid (or) technical cooperation Recognition of Development Partners will be given as such based on the truth of items contained in the application and the extent of public opinion polled. In forming State/Region- level Consortium of Development Partners responsible persons sent by State/Region Government concerned, personal assigned area-wise by Development of Rural Development, current development partners or candidates in State/Division concerned and local business societies are to be included. In forming Township-level Consortium of Development Partners the Township Administrator and responsible personnel, responsible township-level personnel associated with rural development, business societies, and current or would be NGO partners in development. (c) Management and Task-sharing among Development Partners In order to carry out systematic administration to achieve the objective of Consortium of Development Partners, the Delivery Core Unit shall be formed and administrative duties and responsibilities of the members shall be set up to be followed accordingly. Serial Post Responsible Person Duties 1. Chairperson Person appointed by the government Taking a leading role in the implementation of the project activities negotiating, setting up links with other organizations making decisions on important matters approving activities and records and holding accountable for them 2. Deputy Chairperson Person elected by Development Partners Acting on behalf the chairperson and acting as the spokesperson 3. Secretary Group -First secretary appointed by Department of Rural Development Second secretary selected from Development Partners drawing action plans managing and supporting the implementation process supervising and monitoring activities 20 Serial Post Responsible Person Duties Third secretary selected from private organizations Fourth secretary appointed by International Non government Development Organization Fifth secretary appointed by local Non-government organization Corresponding and recording assisting special task forces negotiating between respective organizations 4. Leaders in respective fields People elected from those who have skills, expertise and interest in respective fields as needed by the project activities Setting up standard operation procedures as per the needs of project activities for respective fields negotiating between members 5. Members Members as per 6.1.2 Supporting project as per rural development strategy orparticipating in the project activities (d) Meetings for Collaborative Development Activities To achieve the objective of the Consortium of Development Partners, the following meetings will need to be held. 1) Regular Meetings of Delivery Core unit 2) Meetings of Receptive Fields 3) Quarterly Plenary Meetings of Consortium of Development partners 4) Annual Development Partners Conference (e) Regular Meetings of Delivery Core Unit The main purpose of this meeting is to give instructions on matters to be discussed and negotiated as per respective fields, to make necessary preparation for quarterly meetings. This meeting is to be held at least once quarterly and more meetings are to be held if needed. To hold meetings effectively, the following items need to be discussed on the agenda. (i) The status of accomplishment of the tasks as per the decision during the previous meeting 21 (ii) The status of the accomplishment of nation-wide rural development collaborative activities and the things that need to be done urgently (iii) Evaluation of procedures and directives for respective fields and measures to be taken to improve them (iv) Discussion of challenges of project implementation reported by development partners to be negotiated collaboratively (v) Matters relating to preparation of quarterly meetings (f) Meetings of Receptive Fields Exact guidelines, rules and regulations, procedures are needed in implementing all-inclusive community-based all-round rural development projects. If all the stakeholders implement the projects differently applying their own conventional methods, there’ll be a lot of confusion resulting from these differences. On the other hand, if exact guidelines are not feasible, it will create limitations, causing ineffective implementation. The challenge posed by rural development is that only when the real needs of villages are accommodated in a timely manner, their participation will increase and the success rate of the projects will also increase. So, practical conditions and well-established procedures and guidelines need to be developed equally. Activities such as creating methods, guidelines adaptable to Myanmar context based on the vast experience relating to development activities of partner organizations, building mutual understanding among partner organizations, evaluation and modification of implementation process need to be carried out regularly. Therefore, task forces for respective fields of expertise among developments partners are to be formed to discuss field-related issues and implementation issues. The following task-forces are to be formed initially for Consortium of Development Partners and other task forces will have to be formed for other respective fields as needed. 1. Task Force for Participatory Planning 2. Task Force for Management of Development Information System 3. Task Force for Monitoring and Evaluation 4. Task Force for Procurement Guideline 5. Task Force for Training for Communication Management 6. Task Force for Financial Management Procedure 7. Task Force for Public Auditing and Grievance Procedure (g) Quarterly Plenary Meeting of the Consortium of Development Partners The meeting of Consortium of Development Partners is to be held quarterly. All the development partners are to be invited to attend the meeting and participate in the following sections on the agenda 22 Agenda a) Opening Speech b) Evaluation of the accomplished development activities during the previous quarter c) Sharing of Experiences (In this section, research and assessment findings done by development partners, best practices and other relevant issues are to be shared with other partners. d) Discussion of Administrative Management Issues that need to be reconciled and agreed on (The Delivery Core Unit has to present measures taken in response to administrative management issues reported by development partners) e) Presenting future plans for the next quarter (The Delivery Core Unit has to present a prepared plan) f) Questions and Answers Section for Attendees g) Closing Speech The meeting is to last (3) hour as per the above-mentioned agenda and a lot of preparations will need to be made .The Delivery Core Unit has to take responsibilities for this to bring about good results from the meeting. (h) Annual Development Partners Conference Sharing information, experience, progress, challenges and potentials of development partners with the public annually can help to identify what policy changes need to be made. In this meeting, research papers for respective fields which include experiences of development partner, findings and evaluation of development activities, and findings on development by external scholars and policy analysis will be presented and workshops at which rural people can share their own experiences and reflections on development activities will be held. 9. Good Governance Process for Progressive Rural Development Strategy Achievement of rural development activities is not a one-time effort. It is neither enough to promote incomes of poor households nor enough to build a good foundation for socio-economic and environmental conservation. It is more important to sustain progressive rural development. Thus, avoiding short-term plan, it is necessary to set good governance process for progressive rural development. Accountability Local people should take a leading role in the process of making decisions and take on responsibilities and hold fully accountable in undertaking village development activities. They should not wait to receive benefits from other people and organizations but they should take complete responsibilities, holding directly accountable for them actions to carry out development activities successfully. 23 (a) Forming Village Development Support Groups Systematically Village Development Support Groups (KaFaAhFa) should be formed with bonafide village representatives. A person who is selected by ten-household heads and hundred- household heads from village tracts and approved by villagers and who gets majority votes should be selected as KaFaAhFa Representative. All the representatives from each village shall form Village Development Support Group, consisting of (5) to (9) representatives depending on the size of the village. (2) or o(3) female representatives should be included in the groups. All the representatives should be selected fairly during public meetings in areas of priority organized by civil societies so as to allow villagers to choose whoever they like freely. A Village Representative should satisfy the following qualities. a) He or she must live permanently in respective village b) He or she must be between 20 to 55. c) He or she must have primary education or be literate. d) He or she must have proven record of active participation in village social and developmental activities e) He or she must not be blacklisted socially, morally and financially. f) He or she must be healthy and must have commitment to development activities g) He or she must be selected unanimously KaFaAhFa Group constituted with people who satisfy the above-mentioned qualities shall be formed as follow and be assigned duly. Chairperson - The chairperson hall be selected by vote and appointed for two years Secretary - The secretary shall be appointed by the chairperson and must be able to keep records and run day-to-day operations efficiently Cashier - The cashier shall be a village representative, appointed by the chairperson Auditor - The auditor shall be a village representative, appointed by the chairperson Member - One to five members are to be appointed depending on the size of the villages. The duties of the members of Village Development Support Groups are as follows: (A) to collect and keep records of economic, social, and developmental data (B) to write development proposals for identifying development needs and priorities by organizing public meetings and to submit them to the respective townships (C) to attend the trainings conducted in the respective townships or to send other suitable personnel to enhance capacity 24 (D) to give guidance on program activities to be carried out in collaboration with village tract administration officers (E) to conduct public auditing annually in the village to make financial management procedures transparent (F) to carry out village development activities in collaboration with government departments concerned and other development organizations in the respective townships (G) to write and submit progress reports on development activities Members of Village Development Support Groups are not paid workers as they participate in the activities on their own volition but they have the rights to honorarium approved and granted by villagers depending on the village development funds. Procedures need to be prescribed if any questions are to be raised against the actions of the representatives including the chairperson so that enquiries and hearing can be done systematically. If it is proved to make any replacements, existing representatives have to be replaced with other people who are selected by vote. (b) Forming Township Development Support Groups Systematically KaFaAhFa representatives shall be selected by votes from Village Development Support Groups. (9) to (5) members shall be selected and 30% should be female representatives. Township Development Support Groups shall consist of a chair person, a secretary, a cashier and an auditor and executive members. The chairperson shall be selected by vote from MaFaAhFa representatives and the chairperson shall appoint executive members. The time span of MaFaAhFa shall be two years and annual honorarium shall be determined and granted depending on township development funds. The main duties of MaFaAhFa are – a) to supervise development activities in the respective townships in collaboration with organizations concerned b) to organize plenary meetings in the respective townships biennially c) to keep township development funds and issue development funds as per decisions made at township development plenary meetings. d) to call for tenders and to make contracts as per prescribed standard procedures in procuring materials for the implementation of village projects in the respective townships e) to organize meetings associated with the implementation of village projects to form task forces to supervise respective assignments f) to solve problems arisenduring the implementation process of village projects to deal with grievances raised by people g) to write progress reports on development activities in the respective townships. 25 Department of Rural Development will have to take complete responsibilities for day-to-day operation of MaFaAhFa office and Township Development Partners Group will have to provide technical and administrative assistance. Transparency Transparency is important in implementing village development activities, especially in providing development funds to the villages directly for proposed projects. These projects can be implemented effectively only when people trust these development activities, resulting in an increase in their participation in the activities. Therefore, to prevent development activities and development funds being misused by any person or group for their own sake, the following need to be done. Prescribing Framework and Procedures systematically In order to carry out activities as per rural development strategy systematically and equally, a proper frame work and procedures must be prescribed especially for the following programs. 1) Procedures and framework for prioritizing villages, households, and activities 2) Procedures for participatory project planning 3) Framework for development support and estimation associated with projects that can be proposed and implemented by villages; and calculation methods 4) Procedures for scrutinizing and approving village project proposals 5) Guidelines and Procedures for the procurement of materials for the projects 6) Procedures for financial management 7) Procedures for hearing and prosecuting for grievances and losses associated with the projects 8) Procedures for evaluating the progress of projects 9) Procedures for project support and evaluation of outputs Task forces consisting experts form respective fields are to be formed to prescribe above-mentioned frameworks and procedures and follow them accordingly. (a) Practicing Public Auditing Financial Management and Task Accomplishment shall be done as per procedures prescribed by the government and development activities will become more transparent as they gain public trust due to public auditing carried out at the same time. (b) Information Services Giving accurate information to people and all the stakeholders is an important task for bringing about transparency. Therefore, at central level and township levels, Information and 26 Communication task forces should be formed to provide services for releasing helpful and relevant information and answering questions. Similarly, in project villages, an effective Information and Communication System needs to be set up and used for respective areas. Especially, an Information and Communication System that is accessible to poor villagers who live at the edge of the villages and housewives who are simply busy doing household chores and can’t get involved in social works needs to be set up. Citizen Participation Citizen Participation is an important need for good governance. Especially, the rights of people to participate in the process of decision making and making rational decisions for which their opinions are also taken into consideration areimportant. To implement this, the following should be done. (a) Participatory Planning Over the past two decades, international development organizations including UNDP in Myanmar have been using participatory planning. As a result of this, there have been a lot of experiences and best practices relating to this available in the country. These experiences should be reviewed and suitable approaches and procedures should be adopted. (b) Biennial Development Forum It is important for people to have chances to participate in the decision -making process of scrutinizing, approving of village development projects planned as per the needs of people. In this regard, plenary meetings of village development groups are to be held twice a year to create chances for people to be able to take part in the decision-making process indirectly through village representatives. Relevant procedures should be prescribed and followed. (c) Practicing Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation System In implementing village projects, it is needed to set up a Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation System in order to check task achievement and effectiveness of the projects and it should be carried out at least twice a year. Based on the findings, weaknesses need to be overcome in implementing village projects. Enhancing Capacity of Effectiveness and Efficiency In bringing about good governance for rural development, it is needed to enhance capacity of effectiveness and efficiency. The following need to be done for this. (A) Collecting Project Indicators and Monitoring Progress: It is needed to set principal indicators that can be easily interpreted in monitoring progress of the projects and they should be collected regularly and necessary measures are to be taken. (B) Managing Risks: It is necessary to predict possible risks and seek ways to overcome or minimize them. 27 (C) Enhancing Capacity: The capacity of the stakeholders engaged in the village projects is an important factor for successful implementation of a project. So, capacity-building works should be done to train all the stakeholders to enhance their capacity. (D) Regulating by standardization: It is necessary to set standards to ensure quality for village project activities and a task force needs to be formed to check if project activities are carried out in compliance with set standards. Code of conduct and Performance Evaluation standards that are needed to evaluate the performance of personnel and organizations involved in the projects activities have to be set. To be able to do so, development partners have to hold through discussions on the above mentioned matter sand implement them duly. Equity It is needed to guarantee equity to bring about good rural development administration. It is also necessary to ensure that all the people regardless of their race, religion and sex have equal access to the benefits of rural development. Thus, equity as a basic principle should be taken into consideration in project planning, implementing and decision making. The procedures to prescribe must include this and it also needs to include this in setting indicators. It is also necessary to try and use gender-sensitive budgeting. Rule of law It is important that rural development activities are carried out in accordance with prevailing legal procedures. As rural development requires all-inclusive participation, all the activities need to be carried out in accordance with prevailing legal procedures set down sector-wise and in practical terms there are potential risks of confusion of legal procedures, and weaknesses .These may hinder implementation process. Similarly, if there are any cases for which legal action needs to be taken and if prompt actions are not taken there will be considerable losses. Therefore, in implementing rural development activities, a legal consultancy group should be formed to uphold law and it needs to be supported by all the stakeholders. Responsiveness Only when the needs of people in rural areas are accommodated in a timely manner, public participation will increase and development activities will be implemented successfully. Similarly, during the implementation period, there may be challenges, changes and public concerns. So, it is very important to promptly deal with the cases and cope with the challenges and changes. The collaborative actions among organizations for responding to current changes can take long and this may be a weak point. But, methods for collaborative actions among organizations concerned are already included in this framework for rural development strategy to overcome this weak point. Regular meetings among development partners are aimed at solving such a problem. However, the approach and process for enhancing comprehensive collaboration are faced with a lot of limitations due to the nature of development activities. So, collaboration with higher level organizations and authorities concerned and government ministries need to be established. 28 Thus, it is necessary to establish protocols to set up links and coordinate with Delivery Core Unit formed by the government and project commission. As procedures for dealing with losses and grievances have been prescribed, it is necessary to follow them and relevant reports need to be written, published and discussed. 10. Time Schedule for Project Implementation If the principles, strategies and tactics contained in this paper had been adopted, the remaining projects would necessarily be implemented in 30 months. These a time frame for completion is suggested as follows. Activity Period 1 Forming Consortium of Development Partners November & December, 2013 2 Conformation of contribution to Development Fund December 2013 3 Formation of Task force according to sector concerned December 2013 4 5 Adoption of working rules, procedure and performance standards Selecting areas of priority December 2013 & January 2014 December 2013 6 Training , capacity building February 2014 7 Organizing and strengthening village tract development support groups March 2014 8 Drawing up village projects April and May 2014 9 Organizing plenary development partners meetings June 2014 10 Signing agreements for village projects and financing July 2014 11 Implementation August 2014 29 1. Miscellaneous Reduction of rural poverty is found to be feasible through the use of various means. Economic stability brought about by implementation of monetary, financial and trade policies should help rural development. Moreover, Union-level improvement of infrastructure and development of SEZs (Special Economic Zones) makes for national linking of States and Regions, at the same time affecting rural development positively. In addition, relevant socio-economic development activities based on agriculture could greatly affect rural development. As this paper suggests, implementation of community-based village local projects based on areas of priority should directly help rural households in poverty, thence leading to investment for creation of a basis of secure livelihood, it is believed. While purchasing power of the masses is raised in short term it should help in bringing about the development of private sector and dynamic economic activity as a consequence. Again people would trust and cooperate more in current democratization process because they are enjoying benefits as direct participants from development activities. As community-based civil organizations become more efficient civic duties and democratic values will become pronounced and help create an open society. Such a good basis, if realized, should help solve general dissatisfaction and social conflicts, creating good prospects for efforts to enjoy self-determination, it is hopefully suggested. 30 Annex(A) Pages(1) Table (1). Status of poverty by District No District Total Household Total Population Poverty Incidence ( %) Poor Household Poor Population 1 Pathein (Ayeyarwaddy Region) 283553 1431579 35 99244 501053 2 Sittwe (Rakhine State) 219272 1248403 40 87709 499361 3 Hinthada (Ayeyarwaddy Region) 252393 1152543 42 106005 484068 4 Myingyan (Mandalay Region) 199157 1111596 41 81654 455754 5 Maungdaw (Rakhine State) 104051 687302 64 66593 439873 6 Meiktila(MandalayRegion) 159824 915616 45 71921 412027 7 Bago (Bago East Region) 285672 1618835 24 68561 388520 8 Myaungmya (Ayeyarwady Region) 235600 1257099 29 68324 364559 9 Taunggyi (Southern Shan State) 259180 1323925 25 64795 330981 10 Minbu (Magway Region) 116924 666014 47 54954 313027 11 Pakokku (Magway Region) 191937 1181775 26 49904 307262 12 Maubin (Ayeyarwady Region) 164905 919199 33 54419 303336 13 Thayarwady (Bago West Region) 226214 1013630 27 61078 273680 14 Thayet (Magway Region) 132769 680014 39 51780 265205 15 Lashio (Northern Shan State) 78788 497099 49 38606 243579 16 Dawei (Tanintharyi Region) 80226 534131 43 34497 229676 17 Yangon (East) (Yangon Region) 412709 1907935 12 49525 228952 18 Kyain Ton (Shan East State) 59044 396024 57 33655 225734 19 Mawlamyine (Mon State) 220621 1320449 17 37506 224476 20 Yangon (North) (Yangon Region) 345277 1838266 12 41433 220592 21 Pyinoolwin (Mandalay Region) 139845 755294 29 40555 219035 22 Falam (Chin State) 44423 275446 79 35094 217602 23 Pyapon (Ayeyarwady Region) 168810 957972 22 37138 210754 24 Monywa (Sagaing Region) 214608 1260173 16 34337 201628 25 Muse (Northern Shan State) 60693 401474 50 30347 200737 26 Mandalay (Mandalay Region) 252835 1295143 14 35397 181320 27 Myeik (Tanintharyi Region) 97683 557883 30 29305 167365 28 Yangon (South) (Yangon Region) 276727 1349496 12 33207 161940 29 Kyaukse (Mandalay Region) 118259 598341 27 31930 161552 30 Hpa‐An (Kayin State) 136248 865184 18 24525 155733 31 Magway (Magway Region) 232162 1258721 12 27859 151047 32 Taungoo (Bago Region) 178131 1001675 15 26720 150251 33 Shwebo(Sagaing Region) 242512 1405139 10 24251 140514 Sub Total Priority District 6191052 33683375 ‐ 1632827 9031193 34 Katha (Sagaing Region) 130384 770471 18 23469 138685 35 Kyaukme (Northern Shan State) 114894 660144 21 24128 138630 36 Loilen (Southern Shan State) 76712 540125 23 17644 124229 37 Thaton(Mon State) 122916 819736 15 18437 122960 38 Yangon (West) (Yangon Region) 196903 1020012 12 23628 122401 39 Mohnyin (Kachin State) 73438 481959 24 17625 115670 40 Hkamti (Sagaing Region) 46975 301308 37 17381 111484 41 Mindat (Chin State) 31278 184441 60 18767 110665 42 Sagaing (Sagaing Region) 91385 531935 20 18277 106387 43 Kyaukpyu (Rakhine State) 84819 441450 23 19508 101534 44 Nyaung‐U (Mandalay Region) 42564 234495 41 17451 96143 45 Myitkyina (Kachin State) 52972 338514 28 14832 94784 46 BaMaw (Kachin State) 47179 326236 28 13210 91346 47 Pyin Ma Na (Mandalay Region) 130152 740864 12 15618 88904 48 Kawkareik (Kayin State) 66712 488438 17 11341 83034 49 Monghsat (Shan East State) 20594 207575 34 7002 70576 50 Thandwe (Rakhine State) 60636 296229 23 13946 68133 51 Yamethin (Mandalay Region) 77672 514915 12 9321 61790 52 Puta‐O (Kachin State) 13733 95512 63 8652 60173 53 Gangaw (Magway Region) 40747 239273 25 10187 59818 54 Kale (Sagaing Region) 74510 423960 14 10431 59354 55 Tachileik ( Easthern Shan State) 20018 129296 33 6606 42668 56 Kunlong (Northern Shan State) 13377 84600 49 6555 41454 57 Monghpyak (Easthern Shan State) 17041 100799 40 6816 40320 58 Loikaw (Kayah State) 35386 192438 11 3892 21168 59 Mawlaik (Sagaing Region) 21493 156003 11 2364 17160 60 Kawthoung (Tanintharyi Region) 28028 167817 10 2803 16782 61 Tamu (Sagaing Region) 13969 90228 11 1537 9925 62 Pyay (Westhern Bago Region) 173182 847835 1 1732 8478 63 Myawaddy (Kayin State) 8502 85669 5 425 4283 64 Bawlake (Kayah State) 3365 24991 11 370 2749 65 Ling Khay 23853 129112 66 Laukkaing 12869 85091 Sub total Other District 1968258 11751471 363956 2231686 Grand Total 8159310 45434846 1996783 11262879.3 Annex(A) Pages(2) Table (2) District by the score of poverty % incidence and Population No District Total Household Total Population Poverty Incidence Poor Household Poor Population Poverty Score Score of poor population Total score 1 Minbu (Magway Region) 116924 666014 47 54954 313027 4 4 8 2 Meiktila(MandalayRegion) 159824 915616 45 71921 412027 4 4 8 3 Maungdaw (Rakhine State) 104051 687302 64 66593 439873 4 4 8 4 Myingyan (Mandalay Region) 199157 1111596 41 81654 455754 4 4 8 5 Hinthada (Ayeyarwaddy Region) 252393 1152543 42 106005 484068 4 4 8 6 Sittwe (Rakhine State) 219272 1248403 40 87709 499361 4 4 8 7 Dawei (Tanintharyi Region) 80226 534131 43 34497 229676 4 4 8 8 Lashio (Northern Shan State) 78788 497099 49 38606 243579 4 4 8 9 Muse (Northern Shan State) 60693 401474 50 30347 200737 4 3 7 10 Falam (Chin State) 44423 275446 79 35094 217602 4 3 7 11 Kyain Ton (Shan East State) 59044 396024 57 33655 225734 4 3 7 12 Thayet (Magway Region) 132769 680014 39 51780 265205 3 4 7 13 Thayarwady (Bago West Region) 226214 1013630 27 61078 273680 3 4 7 14 Maubin (Ayeyarwady Region) 164905 919199 33 54419 303336 3 4 7 15 Pakokku (Magway Region) 191937 1181775 26 49904 307262 3 4 7 16 Taunggyi (Southern Shan State) 259180 1323925 25 64795 330981 3 4 7 17 Myaungmya (Ayeyarwady Region) 235600 1257099 29 68324 364559 3 4 7 18 Pathein (Ayeyarwaddy Region) 283553 1431579 35 99244 501053 3 4 7 19 Nyaung‐U (Mandalay Region) 42564 234495 41 17451 96143 4 2 6 20 Mindat (Chin State) 31278 184441 60 18767 110665 4 2 6 21 Kyaukse (Mandalay Region) 118259 598341 27 31930 161552 3 3 6 22 Myeik (Tanintharyi Region) 97683 557883 30 29305 167365 3 3 6 23 Pyinoolwin (Mandalay Region) 139845 755294 29 40555 219035 3 3 6 24 Bago (Bago East Region) 285672 1618835 24 68561 388520 2 4 6 25 Monghpyak (Easthern Shan State) 17041 100799 40 6816 40320 4 1 5 26 Kunlong (Northern Shan State) 13377 84600 49 6555 41454 4 1 5 27 Puta‐O (Kachin State) 13733 95512 63 8652 60173 4 1 5 28 BaMaw (Kachin State) 47179 326236 28 13210 91346 3 2 5 29 Myitkyina (Kachin State) 52972 338514 28 14832 94784 3 2 5 30 Hkamti (Sagaing Region) 46975 301308 37 17381 111484 3 2 5 31 Taungoo (Bago Region) 178131 1001675 15 26720 150251 2 3 5 32 Hpa‐An (Kayin State) 136248 865184 18 24525 155733 2 3 5 33 Monywa (Sagaing Region) 214608 1260173 16 34337 201628 2 3 5 Sub Total Priority District 4304518 24016159 1450174 8157966 34 Pyapon (Ayeyarwady Region) 168810 957972 22 37138 210754 2 3 5 35 Mawlamyine (Mon State) 220621 1320449 17 37506 224476 2 3 5 36 Tachileik ( Easthern Shan State) 20018 129296 33 6606 42668 3 1 4 37 Gangaw (Magway Region) 40747 239273 25 10187 59818 3 1 4 38 Monghsat (Shan East State) 20594 207575 34 7002 70576 3 1 4 39 Kyaukpyu (Rakhine State) 84819 441450 23 19508 101534 2 2 4 40 Sagaing (Sagaing Region) 91385 531935 20 18277 106387 2 2 4 41 Mohnyin (Kachin State) 73438 481959 24 17625 115670 2 2 4 42 Thaton(Mon State) 122916 819736 15 18437 122960 2 2 4 43 Loilen (Southern Shan State) 76712 540125 23 17644 124229 2 2 4 Annex(A) Table (2) No 44 Kyaukme 45 Katha (Sag 46 Kawkareik 47 Yangon (N 48 Yangon (E 49 Magway ( 50 Yangon (S 51 Mandalay 52 Thandwe 53 Pyin Ma N 54 Yangon (W 55 Shwebo(S 56 Bawlake 57 Myawadd 58 Pyay (We 59 Tamu (Sa 60 Kawthou 61 Mawlaik 62 Loikaw (K 63 Kale (Sag 64 Yamethin Sub Tota Grand To District (Northern Shan St gaing Region) k (Kayin State) North) (Yangon Re East) (Yangon Regi (Magway Region) South) (Yangon Re y (Mandalay Reg e (Rakhine State) Na (Mandalay Re West) (Yangon Re Sagaing Region) (Kayah State) dy (Kayin State) esthern Bago Reg againg Region) ng (Tanintharyi R (Sagaing Region) Kayah State) aing Region) n (Mandalay Regi l Other District otal District b T Hou tate) gion) on) gion) ion) egion) egion) gion) Region) on) 3 8 by the score Total usehold To Popu 114894 6 130384 7 66712 4 345277 18 412709 19 232162 12 276727 13 252835 12 60636 2 130152 7 196903 10 242512 14 3365 8502 173182 8 13969 28028 1 21493 1 35386 1 74510 4 77672 5 3818070 212 8122588 452 32 of poverty % otal ulation Pove Incide 660144 770471 488438 838266 907935 258721 349496 295143 296229 740864 020012 405139 24991 85669 847835 90228 167817 156003 192438 423960 514915 204484 220643 % incidence a rty nce Poor Househo 21 241 18 234 17 113 12 414 12 495 12 278 12 332 14 353 23 139 12 156 12 236 10 242 11 3 5 4 1 17 11 15 10 28 11 23 11 38 14 104 12 93 5466 1996783 and Populati old Poor Population 128 13863 469 13868 341 8303 433 22059 525 22895 859 15104 207 16194 397 18132 946 6813 618 8890 628 12240 251 14051 370 274 425 428 732 847 537 992 803 1678 364 1716 892 2116 431 5935 321 6179 609 310491 3.4 1126287 on n Poverty Score p 30 2 85 2 34 2 92 1 52 1 47 1 40 1 20 1 33 2 04 1 01 1 14 1 49 1 83 1 78 1 25 1 82 1 60 1 68 1 54 1 90 1 13 79 Pages(3 Score of poor population To sco 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3) otal ore 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 33 Annex(A) Pages(4) Table (3).Suggested priority district based on the situation of poverty , beneficiary coverage , equity and operational feasibility No District Total Household Total Population Poverty Incidence Poor Household Poor Population Poverty Score Score of poor population Total score 1 Sittwe (Rakhine State) 219272 1248403 40 87709 499361 4 4 8 2 Hinthada (Ayeyarwaddy Region) 252393 1152543 42 106005 484068 4 4 8 3 Myingyan (Mandalay Region) 199157 1111596 41 81654 455754 4 4 8 4 Meiktila(MandalayRegion) 159824 915616 45 71921 412027 4 4 8 5 Minbu (Magway Region) 116924 666014 47 54954 313027 4 4 8 6 Lashio (Northern Shan State) 78788 497099 49 38606 243579 4 4 8 7 Dawei (Tanintharyi Region) 80226 534131 43 34497 229676 4 4 8 8 Taunggyi (Southern Shan State) 259180 1323925 25 64795 330981 3 4 7 9 Maubin (Ayeyarwady Region) 164905 919199 33 54419 303336 3 4 7 10 Thayarwady (Bago West Region) 226214 1013630 27 61078 273680 3 4 7 11 Thayet (Magway Region) 132769 680014 39 51780 265205 3 4 7 12 Kyain Ton (Shan East State) 59044 396024 57 33655 225734 4 3 7 13 Falam (Chin State) 44423 275446 79 35094 217602 4 3 7 14 Muse (Northern Shan State) 60693 401474 50 30347 200737 4 3 7 15 Mindat (Chin State) 31278 184441 60 18767 110665 4 2 6 16 Mawlamyine (Mon State) 220621 1320449 17 37506 224476 2 3 5 17 Monywa (Sagaing Region) 214608 1260173 16 34337 201628 2 3 5 18 Hpa‐An (Kayin State) 136248 865184 18 24525 155733 2 3 5 19 Hkamti (Sagaing Region) 46975 301308 37 17381 111484 3 2 5 20 Myitkyina (Kachin State) 52972 338514 28 14832 94784 3 2 5 21 BaMaw (Kachin State) 47179 326236 28 13210 91346 3 2 5 22 Puta‐O (Kachin State) 13733 95512 63 8652 60173 4 1 5 23 Kunlong (Northern Shan State) 13377 84600 49 6555 41454 4 1 5 24 Monghpyak (Easthern Shan State) 17041 100799 40 6816 40320 4 1 5 25 Loilen (Southern Shan State) 76712 540125 23 17644 124229 2 2 4 26 Kawkareik (Kayin State) 66712 488438 17 11341 83034 2 2 4 27 Loikaw (Kayah State) 35386 192438 11 3892 21168 1 1 2 28 Bawlake (Kayah State) 3365 24991 11 370 2749 1 1 2 Sub Total Priority District 3030019 17258322 1035 1022341 5818010 34 Annex(A) Pages(5) Table 4 . Township in Recommended District No District Village Tract Village Total Household Total Population Poverty Incidence (%) Poor Household Poor Population Poverty Score Score of poor population Total score 1 Sittwe (Rakhine State) 554 1701 219272 1248403 40 87709 499361 4 4 8 1 Sittwe 28 92 37746 227391 40 15098 90956 2 Kyauktaw 80 311 32232 193551 40 12893 77420 3 Mrauk‐U 95 255 30757 163771 40 12303 65508 4 Rathedaung 89 214 26204 162169 40 10482 64868 5 Minbya 63 272 28275 158737 40 11310 63495 6 Pauktaw 54 197 24511 137256 40 9804 54902 7 Ponnagyun 93 202 18866 105821 40 7546 42328 8 Myebon 52 158 20681 99707 40 8272 39883 2 Hinthada (Ayeyarwaddy Region) 377 2991 252393 1152543 42 106005 484068 4 4 8 1 Hinthada 104 820 76547 347012 42 32150 145745 2 Myanaung 59 517 50290 240730 42 21122 101107 3 Ingapu 74 662 43842 217442 42 18414 91326 4 Zalun 67 456 40333 154913 42 16940 65063 5 Lemyethna 42 284 20795 105834 42 8734 44450 6 Kyangin 31 252 20586 86612 42 8646 36377 3 Myingyan (Mandalay Region) 365 1128 199157 1111596 41 81654 455754 4 4 8 1 Kyauk Pa Taung 110 343 51127 293120 41 20962 120179 2 Myin Chan 67 187 50442 261948 41 20681 107399 3 Taung Thar 78 247 43150 229200 41 17692 93972 4 Nwar Htoe Gyi 65 190 33399 190357 41 13694 78046 5 Ngazun 45 161 21039 136971 41 8626 56158 4 Meiktila(MandalayRegion) 263 1114 159824 915616 45 71921 412027 4 4 8 1 Meiktila 59 389 55780 329294 45 25101 148182 2 Wundwin 70 218 41362 210981 45 18613 94941 3 Thazi 81 260 32070 196723 45 14432 88525 4 Mahlaing 53 247 30612 178618 45 13775 80378 5 Minbu (Magway Region) 303 918 116924 666014 47 54954 313027 4 4 8 1 Salin 103 396 39033 227321 47 18346 106841 2 Pwintbyu 53 197 29243 201447 47 13744 94680 3 Minbu 68 139 31813 154556 47 14952 72641 4 Sidoktaya 47 113 8796 43514 47 4134 20452 5 Ngape 32 73 8039 39176 47 3778 18413 6 Lashio (Northern Shan State) 367 1512 78788 497099 49 38606 243579 4 4 8 1 Lashio 76 483 40949 255157 49 20065 125027 2 Tangyan 50 601 20610 122031 49 10099 59795 3 Hseni 33 188 9747 60489 49 4776 29640 4 Mongyai 26 240 7482 59422 49 3666 29117 5 Pangsang 86 49 0 0 6 Namphan 35 49 0 0 7 Pangwaun 20 49 0 0 8 Mongmao 41 50 0 0 7 Dawei (Tanintharyi Region) 143 425 80226 534131 43 34497 229676 4 4 8 1 Launglon 42 110 21739 154942 43 9348 66625 2 Dawei 26 95 21397 146690 43 9201 63077 3 Thayetchaung 40 91 20333 126945 43 8743 54586 4 Yebyu 35 129 16757 105554 43 7206 45388 8 Taunggyi (Southern Shan State) 240 2934 259180 1323925 25 64795 330981 3 4 7 1 Taunggyi 25 333 76552 379604 25 19138 94901 2 Nyaungshwe 36 446 33507 154957 25 8377 38739 3 Kalaw 26 257 26902 138852 25 6726 34713 4 Pinlaung 26 508 27298 137544 25 6825 34386 5 Lawksawk 19 225 20127 113093 25 5032 28273 6 Hsihseng 14 338 19725 109019 25 4931 27255 7 Hopong 23 346 16126 84287 25 4032 21072 8 Pindaya 28 145 13723 69514 25 3431 17379 9 Pekon 13 211 12137 68995 25 3034 17249 10 Ywangan 30 125 13083 68060 25 3271 17015 9 Maubin (Ayeyarwady Region) 239 1662 164905 919199 33 54419 303336 3 4 7 1 Maubin 77 456 53593 291001 33 17686 96030 2 Pantanaw 53 449 41218 242423 33 13602 80000 3 Nyaungdon 45 308 34321 220549 33 11326 72781 4 Danubyu 64 449 35773 165226 33 11805 54525 10 Thayarwady (Bago West Region) 407 2041 226214 1013630 27 61078 273680 3 4 7 1 Letpadan 50 310 34609 165014 27 9344 44554 2 Thayarwady 49 262 34819 162744 27 9401 43941 3 Nattalin 79 367 33197 160656 27 8963 43377 4 Minhla 56 247 25581 119610 27 6907 32295 5 Okpho 55 245 25493 115309 27 6883 31133 6 Gyobingauk 50 271 27079 114660 27 7311 30958 7 Monyo 38 207 29507 109149 27 7967 29470 8 Zigon 30 132 15929 66488 27 4301 17952 35 Annex(A) Pages(6) Table 4 . Township in Recommended District No District Village Tract Village Total Household Total Population Poverty Incidence (%) Poor Household Poor Population Poverty Score Score of poor population Total score 11 Thayet (Magway Region) 383 990 132769 680014 39 51780 265205 3 4 7 1 Aunglan 92 231 40395 199341 39 15754 77743 2 Minhla 64 150 22740 139697 39 8869 54482 3 Sinbaungwe 47 136 19927 103747 39 7772 40461 4 Thayet 54 148 20789 98230 39 8108 38310 5 Mindon 73 174 14049 71557 39 5479 27907 6 Kamma 53 151 14869 67442 39 5799 26302 12 Kyain Ton (Shan East State) 75 1473 59044 396024 57 33655 225734 4 3 7 1 Kengtung 32 718 29851 184361 57 17015 105086 2 Mongyang 16 334 16313 87600 57 9298 49932 3 Mongla 10 174 7398 45999 57 4217 26219 4 Mongkhet 17 241 3119 45352 57 1778 25851 5 Matman 6 2363 32712 57 1347 18646 13 Falam (Chin State) 244 581 44423 275446 79 35094 217602 4 3 7 1 Falam 87 187 8792 52028 79 6946 41102 2 Hakha 31 69 8165 48422 79 6450 38253 3 Thantlang 38 91 9298 55565 79 7345 43896 4 Tedim 56 131 13487 85748 79 10655 67741 5 Tonzang 32 103 3198 23639 79 2526 18675 14 Muse (Northern Shan State) 177 960 60693 401474 50 30347 200737 4 3 7 1 Kutkai 69 464 24429 180555 50 12215 90278 2 Muse 64 322 19034 114695 50 9517 57348 3 Namhkan 44 174 17230 106224 50 8615 53112 15 Mindat (Chin State) 236 920 31278 184441 60 18767 110665 4 2 6 1 Paletwa 98 452 13273 68965 60 7964 41379 2 Matupi 64 145 8515 56362 60 5109 33817 3 Mindat 47 210 6576 42627 60 3946 25576 4 Kanpetlet 27 113 2914 16487 60 1748 9892 16 Mawlamyine (Mon State) 199 539 220621 1320449 17 37506 224476 2 3 5 1 Mawlamyine 14 32 56962 327941 17 9684 55750 2 Kyaikmaraw 45 166 37495 232941 17 6374 39600 3 Ye 31 139 38637 224729 17 6568 38204 4 Mudon 39 55 35768 220015 17 6081 37403 5 Thanbyuzayat 27 69 28456 167766 17 4838 28520 6 Chaungzon 43 78 23303 147057 17 3962 25000 17 Monywa (Sagaing Region) 368 1334 214608 1260173 16 34337 201628 2 3 5 1 Monywa 58 194 58634 284476 16 9381 45516 2 Salingyi 40 153 21118 163992 16 3379 26239 3 Ayadaw 39 158 24252 155835 16 3880 24934 4 Budalin 55 191 23630 142553 16 3781 22808 5 Yinmabin 43 165 22628 136493 16 3620 21839 6 Pale 60 191 23844 135189 16 3815 21630 7 Kani 46 193 22193 127523 16 3551 20404 8 Chaung‐U 27 89 18309 114112 16 2929 18258 18 Hpa‐An (Kayin State) 259 1464 136248 865184 18 24525 155733 2 3 5 1 Hpa‐An 92 474 67295 400532 18 12113 72096 2 Hlaingbwe 73 363 43229 257741 18 7781 46393 3 Hpapun 34 305 14493 121156 18 2609 21808 4 Thandaunggyi 60 322 11231 85755 18 2022 15436 19 Hkamti (Sagaing Region) 225 688 46975 301308 37 17381 111484 3 2 5 1 Homalin 77 333 25159 161243 37 9309 59660 2 Lahe 37 102 6545 42444 37 2422 15704 3 Nanyun 60 110 5475 40482 37 2026 14978 4 Hkamti 29 75 5652 30730 37 2091 11370 5 Lay Shi 22 68 2413 14784 37 893 5470 36 Annex(A) Pages(7) Table 4. Township in Recommended District No District Village Tract Village Total Household Total Population Poverty Incidence (%) Poor Household Poor Population Poverty Score Score of poor population Total score 20 Myitkyina (Kachin State) 220 905 52972 338514 28 14832 94784 3 2 5 1 Myitkyina 30 73 27006 174140 28 7562 48759 2 Waingmaw 41 211 15253 92459 28 4271 25889 3 Injangyang 64 313 4379 23957 28 1226 6708 4 Chipwi 41 124 2353 16972 28 659 4752 5 Tanai 18 59 2519 16132 28 705 4517 6 Tsawlaw 26 125 1462 14854 28 409 4159 21 BaMaw (Kachin State) 178 790 47179 326236 28 13210 91346 3 2 5 1 Bhamo 46 77 15752 124049 28 4411 34734 2 Momauk 54 303 11118 81253 28 3113 22751 3 Shwegu 37 105 10793 64427 28 3022 18040 4 Mansi 41 305 9516 56507 28 2664 15822 22 Puta‐O (Kachin State) 122 841 13733 95512 63 8652 60173 4 1 5 1 Puta‐O 15 114 8136 52803 63 5126 33266 2 Sumprabum 41 349 1161 13263 63 731 8356 3 Khaunglanhpu 25 210 1800 13064 63 1134 8230 4 Machanbaw 27 108 1482 9188 63 934 5788 5 Nawngmun 14 60 1154 7194 63 727 4532 23 Kunlong (Northern Shan State) 26 170 13377 84600 49 6555 41454 4 1 5 1 Kunlong 26 168 8441 57090 49 4136 27974 2 Hopang 2 4936 27510 49 2419 13480 24 Monghpyak (Easthern Shan State) 44 499 17041 100799 40 6816 40320 4 1 5 1 Mongyawng 21 307 4792 29191 40 1917 11676 2 Monghpyak 23 192 4660 25198 40 1864 10079 25 Loilen (Southern Shan State) 151 1789 76712 540125 23 17644 124229 2 2 4 1 Loilen 20 310 19607 114317 23 4510 26293 2 Mongkaung 25 348 12137 96393 23 2792 22170 3 Nansang 21 203 15258 84400 23 3509 19412 4 Kyethi 32 399 8332 81607 23 1916 18770 5 Monghsu 18 175 8245 76773 23 1896 17658 6 Laihka 20 217 8420 53126 23 1937 12219 7 Kunhing 15 137 4713 33509 23 1084 7707 26 Kawkareik (Kayin State) 106 545 66712 488438 17 11341 83034 2 2 4 1 Kawkareik 54 259 31528 273258 17 5360 46454 2 Kyainseikgyi 52 286 35184 215180 17 5981 36581 27 Loikaw (Kayah State) 59 426 35386 192438 11 3892 21168 1 1 2 1 Loikaw 13 127 17453 97155 11 1920 10687 2 Demoso 27 164 12459 68322 11 1370 7515 3 Hpruso 15 115 4822 23741 11 530 2612 4 Shadaw 4 20 652 3220 11 72 354 28 Bawlake (Kayah State) 22 86 3365 24991 11 370 2749 1 1 2 1 Hpasawng 9 57 1037 11430 11 114 1257 2 Bawlakhe 8 17 1392 7221 11 153 794 3 Mese 5 12 936 6340 11 103 697 Sub Total Priority District 3030019 17258322 1035 1022341 5818010 37 Annex(A) Pages(8) Table 5. Summary of Poverty data in recommended Township No State & Region District Township Village Tract Village Total Household Total Population Poor Household Poor Population 1 Kachin 3 15 520 2536 113884 760262 36694 246303 2 Kayah 2 7 81 512 38751 217429 4263 23917 3 Kayin 2 6 365 2009 202960 1353622 35866 238768 4 Chin 2 9 480 1501 75701 459887 53861 328267 5 Mon 1 6 199 539 220621 1320449 37506 224476 6 Rakhine 1 8 554 1701 219272 1248403 87709 499361 7 Shan 7 37 1080 9337 564835 3344046 198418 1207033 8 Sagaing 2 13 593 2022 261583 1561481 51718 313112 9 Magway 2 11 686 1908 249693 1346028 106734 578232 10 Mandalay 2 9 628 2242 358981 2027212 153575 867782 11 Tanintharyi 1 4 143 425 80226 534131 34497 229676 12 Bago 1 8 407 2041 226214 1013630 61078 273680 13 Ayeyarwady 2 10 616 4653 417298 2071742 160424 787404 Union 28 143 6352 31426 3030019 17258322 1022341 5818010 Chart I : Poverty Map by District 39 Township-level Management of Rural Development Fund