Readiness Plan for Implementation of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) 2017-2019

1.36 MW of solar power. Out of the total annual electricity generation for the national grid, more than 50% is met using these renewable energy sources. In addition to that, solar rooftop systems operated under net-metering scheme contribute to a capacity of 28 MW. The annual total electricity demand is about 13,227 GWh, comprising of 37% from domestic consumers, 29% from industries and 24% from commercial enterprises, and the rest representing energy supply needed for religious organizations and street lighting. The overall annual demand for electricity is expected to increase in average by 4%, and future electricity generation expansion programmes are expected to meet this demand growth. 1. Addition of Sustainable Energy Sources in Future Generation Expansion Sri Lanka is on the path to becoming an internationally recognized middle-income country. Under the country’s development drive, energy will be a key necessity, and developing energy towards a sustainable future will be of prime importance. As per the current economic trends, electricity generation using the most economical energy sources will be important for the country. Sri Lanka is a country that holds many sources of renewable energy. In order to enhance the energy security of the country, reduce the economic burden on energy resource imports and as well as a way to move to environmentally friendly energy sources, attention has been given to utilise sustainable energy sources to their maximum potential in the future energy generation and its expansion. 2. INDCs of Energy Sector As there has been an increasing trend in the use of petroleum based fuels - coal and liquid petroleum fuels in the energy sector, GHG emissions in the energy sector have been increasing. In that context, energy sector has been identified as one of the key sectors for GHG emission reduction in the future through the introduction of sustainable sources. Accordingly, 20% GHG emission reduction target has been included under the energy sector INDCs, which amounts to 39,383Gg, from the total GHG emissions of 196,915Gg for the period 2020-2030 as per the BAU scenario of the Long Term Generation Expansion Plan 2013-2032 published in October 2013. Out of this, 4% (9,173Gg) is unconditional reduction and 16% (30,210Gg) is conditional reduction. Following are the different modes of intervention under INDCs that have been included under the submission of INDCs from Sri Lanka. x INDC 1: Establishment of large scale wind power plants of 514 MW x INDC 2: Establishment of 115 MW of solar power plants 7 x INDC 3: Establishment of 105 MW of biomass power plants x INDC 4: Establishment of 176 MW of mini hydro power plants x INDC 5: Introduction of Demand Side Management (DSM) activities x INDC 6: Strengthening sustainable energy related policies, with a view to increasing renewable energy share from the present 50%, to 60% in 2020 and maintaining that level until renewable energy technology is further developed. x INDC 7: Converting existing fuel oil based power plants to Liquefied Natural Gas-LNG (Newly proposed INDC) 3. Present Initiatives Sri Lanka has recently taken strong initiatives for implementing effective and efficient sustainable energy programmes for the future. This includes the elimination of introducing coal power plants of a capacity in the range of 4700 MW to the national electricity system by 2030, primarily by way of introducing renewable energy sources and introducing LNG for thermal power generation in place of solid and liquid petroleum fuels. Under the renewable energy sources, available hydro potentials will be absorbed within a few years’ time, and the country has high potentials of solar and wind resources, and those will contribute to a major share in the future renewable energy based power generation expansion. Details of the current interventions in renewable energy are given below. (a) Development of the maximum hydro potential in the country, through the remaining large hydro power plants (Uma Oya, Ginganga, Broadlands) and the remaining small hydro power plants - the overall potential of these is expected to be in the range of 500 MW. (b) Wind parks: mainly in Mannar islands, which has been identified as one of the best potential sites in the South Asian region, and other potential sites which are in the northern part of the country will be developed. These are expected to contribute to a potential of around 300 MW. (c) Promotion of solar has been initiated through different modalities, such as solar rooftops and solar parks, and it will provide around 500 MW in the short term (in a few years’ time) which will be able to expand to a considerably high level by 2030. (d) Biomass power generation to be added to a considerable extent. In context of existing fuel oil based power plants, Sri Lanka has taken a decision to shift them to LNG, and 6 power plants with a cumulative capacity above 500 MW are expected to be shifted to LNG. In addition to the interventions from the generation side, the Government has identified DSM also as one of the priority areas, and a Presidential Task Force has been appointed to implement an island wide DSM programme encompassing all the related sectors. 8 Note In earlier documents, separate targets have been given for Non-Conventional Renewable Energy (NCRE), however, now NCRE and large hydro are commonly included as renewable energy and the targets are provided accordingly. 4. Strategic Policies Some of the projects that have been earmarked have already started or are expected to be implemented. However, in order to ensure full-fledged implementation within the period from 2020 to 2030 and to assess the GHG emissions at each milestone, implementation of a readiness action plan primarily focusing on the strategic policies mentioned below is expected within the period 2017-2019. (a) Establishment of a sound policy framework supporting large scale renewable energy development (b) Strengthening institutional capacity for easy implementation of sustainable energy programmes (c) Identification of financial requirements and opening up of funding avenues (d) Technology need assessment and building up capacity in line with the technological advancements at the international level (e) Introduction of capacities and methodologies to carry out overall economic analysis of sustainable energy technologies, incorporating environmental benefits and other costs/benefits so far unaccounted for under the conventional techno-economic analyses of projects 9 5. Readiness Action Plan Energy Sector INDCs-1 1. Establishment of large scale wind power plants of 514 MW Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Review the performance of existing wind power plants (124MW) SEA Assessment report according to the best available data. 2 Prepare a report on wind power potential in the country using available SEA Wind power projection data and information. report 3 Identify top potential sites in the country. SEA, CEB, LAs Identified sites 4 Introduce technological interventions to address grid inter connection CEB, SEA Grid interconnection issues. capacity report 5 Identification of the adequacy of policies and regulations for large scale MoP&RE, Availability of updated wind power plants. SEA, CEB adequacy of policies 6 Identification of existing gaps in policies through stakeholder consultation Number of policies 10 reviewed and gaps identified 7 Study and propose solutions/mechanisms to fill the above gaps Filled the gaps 8 Calculate emission reduction through the implementation of wind power MoP&RE, Emission reduction plants. SEA, CEB projection report 9 Develop the required institutional capacity for large scale wind power MoP&RE, Institutional capacity development. SEA, CEB Developed 10 Incorporate externalities in economic analysis of introducing wind power MoP&RE, Prepared report plants SEA, CEB 11 Find out avenues to open up the climate financing mechanism for wind MoP&RE, SEA Number of funding power generation sources accessed 12 Prepare a comprehensive plan to implement INDC No. 1 MoP&RE, Prepared plan SEA, CEB Energy Sector INDCs-2 2. Establishment of 115 MW of solar power plants Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Review the performance of existing solar power plants (including net- SEA Assessment report metering) as per available data. 2 Carry out studies on fluctuation of solar energy and technological SEA Report prepared on the interventions to address fluctuation issues. studies conducted 3 Identify top potential sites and suitable mechanisms for introducing solar SEA, LAs Number of identified roof tops in the country. sites 4 Introduce technological interventions to address grid interconnection CEB, SEA Grid interconnection issues. capacity report 5 Identify the adequacy of policies and regulations for appropriate MoP&RE, Availability of updated modalities of solar power generation. SEA, CEB adequacy of policies 6 Identify existing policy gaps through stakeholder consultation MoP&RE, Number of policies SEA, CEB reviewed and identified 11 gaps 7 Study and propose solutions/mechanisms to fill the above gaps MoP&RE, Filled gaps SEA, CEB 8 Calculate emission reduction through the implementation of solar power MoP&RE, Emission reduction plants. SEA, CEB projection report 9 Develop required institutional capacity for solar power development. MoP&RE, Institutional capacity SEA, CEB developed 10 Incorporate externalities in economic analysis of introducing solar power MoP&RE, Prepared report on the plants SEA, CEB incorporation of externalities 11 Find out avenues to open up climate financing mechanisms for solar MoP&RE, SEA Number of funding power generation mechanisms identified 12 Prepare a comprehensive plan to implement INDC No. 2 MoP&RE, Prepared a plan SEA, CEB Energy Sector INDCs-3 3. Establishment of 105 MW of biomass power plants Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Review the availability of biomass to meet targeted power generation SEA Biomass availability (105MW) report 2 Collect information related to biomass (especially from previous studies SEA Report and pilot projects) 3 Identify top potential sites and suitable mechanisms to establish the SEA, LAs Identified sites biomass supply chain. 4 Study and identify modern biomass energy technology for power SEA Identified modern generation technologies 5 Identify co-firing and co-generation possibilities using biomass SEA Completed feasibility study 6 Identify the adequacy of policies for promoting biomass based power MoP&RE, SEA Policy analysis generation. 12 7 Identify existing gaps in policy through stakeholder consultation MoP&RE, Number of policies SEA, CEB reviewed and gaps identified 8 Study and propose solutions/mechanisms to fill the above gaps MoP&RE, Filled gaps SEA, CEB 9 Identify suitable financial sources (external and local) to establish MoP&RE, Availability of funding biomass power plants. SEA, MoF sources 10 Build an enabling environment for commercial investment for fuel wood MoP&RE, Established enabling suppliers, growers and other relevant stakeholders MoPI, SEA environment 11 Calculate emission reduction through the implementation of biomass MoP&RE, Emission reduction power plants. SEA, CEB projection report 12 Incorporate externalities in economic analysis of introducing biomass MoP&RE, Prepared report on power plants SEA, CEB externalities in economic analysis 13 Prepare a comprehensive plan to implement INDC No. 3 MoP&RE, Prepared plan SEA, CEB Energy Sector INDCs-4 4. Establishment of 176 MW of mini hydro power plants Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Review the performance of existing mini hydro power plants according to SEA Assessment report the best available data. 2 Identify potential new sites in the country. SEA, CEB, LAs Identified sites 3 Identify the issues related to mini hydro power projects at present, in the MoP&RE, Identified issues project approval pipeline. SEA, CEA, DoI, LAs, DWLC, CEB 4 Introduce solutions for the identified issues related to project in the MoP&RE, Number of projects pipeline SEA, CEB approved 5 Calculate emission reduction through the implementation of mini hydro MoP&RE, Emission reduction power plants. SEA, CEB projection report 6 Prepare a comprehensive plan to implement INDC No. 4 MoP&RE, Prepared plan 13 SEA, CEB Energy Sector INDCs-5 5. Introduction of Demand Side Management (DSM) activities Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Enhance the implementation of energy labeling programme SEA, SLSI, Enhanced / updated SLCustoms, programme Test labs 2 Introduce tax incentives for the promotion of energy efficient appliances SEA, MoF, Number of introduced MoPRE schemes. 3 Make a mandatory code of practice for energy efficient buildings SEA, UDA, Introduced mandatory MoP&RE, codes Mega Polis 4 Introduce mechanisms for phasing out obsolete technologies SEA Introduced phasing out systems 5 Introduce Life Cycle Cost in evaluation of products SEA, MoF, Introduced LCC based MoP&RE evaluation 14 6 Strengthen institutional mechanisms SEA, MoP&RE Strengthened mechanism 7 Strengthen and encourage Energy Services Companies, Energy SEA, MoP&RE Enhanced energy saving Managers, Energy Auditors capacities 8 Introduce mechanisms for research & development, and demonstration SEA, Established mechanisms projects in energy efficient technologies MoP&RE, CEB, NERD, Universities, Industries, etc. 9 Introduce monitoring, reporting and verification systems for energy SEA, MoP&RE Introduced MRV system efficiency projects 10 Prepare a comprehensive plan to implement INDC No. 5 SEA, MoP&RE Prepared plan Energy Sector INDCs-6 6.Strengthening sustainable energy related policies, with a view to increasing renewable energy share from the present 50%, to 60% in 2020 and maintaining that level until renewable energy technology is further developed Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Review existing sectoral policies related to energy MoP&RE, A review report with NPD, MoPPED recommended policies 2 Identify policies and strategies to fill the policy gaps MoP&RE, Prepared report MoPPED, SEA 3 Identify feasible levels of NCRE development MoP&RE, SEA Identified possible NCRE 4 Prepare a comprehensive action plan to implement INDC No. 6 MoP&RE, SEA An action plan developed Energy Sector INDCs-7 7. Converting existing fuel oil based power plants to LNG (New INDC proposed) Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line 15 Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct comprehensive feasibility studies on the introduction of LNG in MoP&RE, Feasibility study report Sri Lanka CEB, PRDS 2 Conduct feasibility studies on converting existing fuel oil power plants to MoP&RE, Feasibility report LNG CEB, PRDS 3 Identify existing gaps in policy through stakeholder consultation MoP&RE, CEB Identified gaps 4 Study and propose solutions/mechanisms to fill the above gaps MoP&RE, Proposed solutions CEB, MoPPED 5 Identify suitable financial sources to establish LNG power plants. MoP&RE, CEB Identified funding sources 7 Calculate emission reduction through the implementation of LNG power MoP&RE, CEB Emission reduction plants. report 7 Prepare a comprehensive plan to implement INDC No. 7 MoP&RE, Prepared action plan CEB, PRDS 16 Transport Sector 17 18 Introduction Among the energy end-use sectors, there exists a demand for fossil oil (petroleum) primarily driven by the growth in the number of vehicles. The transportation sector is responsible for approximately 30% of global final energy demand. Road transport accounts for more than 70% of that total and 95% of energy for transport comes from oil-based fuels. Present global vehicle population exceeds 1 billion and estimated to reach 2 billion by 2035. It is estimated that the transport sector will account for over 95% of the increase in world primary oil during next 15 years. In Sri Lanka, the transport sector is one of the major GHG emitting sectors. This sector includes road, railway, air and sea transportation, among which road transport plays a dominant role. It contributes 95% to passenger transport and 97.5% to freight transport. The annual passenger transport is about 130 billion passenger-km and freight transport is approximately 7 million ton-km. The present active vehicle fleet of Sri Lanka is about 5 million, which is a three-fold increase with respect to year 2000. The main contributions for this change are from three wheelers and two wheelers, where the numbers have increased in average 8 times and 4 times, respectively. The cars, dual-purpose vehicles, and land vehicles have increased by approximately 2 to 2.5 times, while number of buses has not increased significantly, indicating a shift from public transport modes to private vehicles. At present, about 51% of the active vehicle fleet is motor cycles, 22% three wheelers (motor tricycles) and 11% motor cars. Although buses are less than 1% of the active vehicle fleet, it contributes to about 50% of passenger transport. Increase in private vehicles has resulted in increased traffic congestion, reduction in fuel economy and higher emissions. The vehicles are primarily powered by imported petroleum oil (crude and refined). About 70% of the petroleum is consumed by the transport sector, which is about 3 billion litres per annum, where the main fuel is diesel. This contributes to about 65% and the rest is through gasoline. Per capita petroleum oil consumption per annum has increased from about 50 litres in 1990 (where 73% is diesel) to 90 litres in 2000 (where 82% is diesel) and 150 litres in 2015. The average fuel economy of road transport is about 0.025 litres/passenger-km. Some indicative values for the fuel economy in passenger transportation of different vehicle categories could be estimated based on average values for transport distance, occupancy and fuel consumption as 0.01 for buses, 0.05 for cars, 0.04 for three wheelers, 0.02 for motor cycles and 0.03 for duel-purpose vehicles. This indicates the potential for reducing fuel consumption, thereby the GHG emissions, in the road transport sector by switching from private vehicles to public (or mass) transport modes. The high expenditure for the importation of petroleum has become a major factor which is adversely affecting the economy of the country. Presently, the total expenditure for petroleum imports is about 6% of gross domestic product (GDP) of the country. Thus improvement of energy efficiency/fuel economy in the transport sector becomes a national priority, apart from its contribution to GHG emission reduction as stipulated through the INDCs. 19 Under the above circumstances, synergistic approaches are required to realize GHG mitigation targets in the transport sector. GHG emissions in the transport sector can be reduced by the following: x Avoid/reduce journeys: by densifying urban landscapes, sourcing localized products, internet shopping, restructuring freight logistics systems, and utilizing advanced information and communication technologies (ICT); x Modal shift: through low-carbon transport systems, encouraged by increasing investment in public transport, walking and cycling infrastructure, and by modifying roads, railways, airports, ports, and waterways to become more attractive for users and minimising travel time and distance; x Improve energy efficiency of modes of transport and vehicle technologies: improving fuel-economy of transport (litre/passenger-km or litre/ton-km) by enhancing vehicle and engine performance, using lightweight materials, increasing freight load factors and passenger occupancy rates, deploying new technologies such as electrification of vehicles. x Improve fuel: reducing carbon intensity of fuels (CO2eq/MJ) by substituting petroleum-based products with natural gas, bio-methane, or bio fuels, electricity or hydrogen produced from low GHG sources. It is important to harmonize the GHG mitigation options and related transport policies with other national development programmes and related policies, while mobilizing resources and expertise of all the stakeholders/institutions. 1. INDCs of Transport Sector INDCs proposed for the transport sector has gone through a number of amendments, and the following are the key activities listed as the most recent version: 1. Establishment of energy efficient and environmentally sustainable transport systems by 2030

1.1 Develop of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Megapolis Plan that is currently being finalised into other main urban areas of the country

1.2 Introduce an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based bus management system

1.3 Introduce canal transport system 2. Upgrade Fuel Quality Standards to reduce harmful emissions causing environmental pollution and health hazards

2.1 Introduce 95 octane petrol 3. Reduce unproductive transport systems from current usage

3.1 Reduce unproductive vehicles by 25% in 2025 unconditionally and this could be increased by 50% with conditions. 4. Shift passengers from private to public modes of transport

4.1 Introduce the park & ride system

4.2 Establish bus depots next to railway stations. 20 5. Enhance the efficiency and quality of modes of public transport

5.1 Electrification of the railway system from Veyangoda to Panadura

5.2 Purchase new rolling stock for Sri Lanka Railway

5.3 Rehabilitate Kelani valley railway line. 6. Reduce GHG emissions in the maritime sector

6.1 Implement international laws and regulations on maritime safety & security related to climate change

6.2 Maintain international standards related to climate change in maritime transportation 7. Gazette new emission standards to reduce GHG emissions

7.1 Improve vehicle emission testing programme/spot testing for all vehicles

7.2 Introduce heavy smoke vehicles spotter programme

7.3 Introduce Road side vehicle emission testing programme

7.4 Inspect and monitor vehicle emission testing centres 8. Encourage and introduce low emission vehicles such as electric and hybrid vehicles

8.1 Introduce electrified three - wheelers to reduce emissions

8.2 Introduce electrified boat service

8.3 Introduce electric buses

8.4 Introduce other electrified vehicles such as cars 9. Reducing traffic congestion to reduce GHG emission

8.1 Introduce canal based transport

8.2 Introduce Centralized Traffic Management Systems

8.3 Establish highways

8.4 Transport heavy loads by railway. 10. Reduce GHG emissions in the aviation sector.

10.1 Identify the current profile of GHG emissions from Sri Lankan aviation operators (Sri Lankan Airline, Mihin Lanka and FITS Aviation) in international operations and domestic operators

10.2 Forecast the BAU future emissions from the above operators

10.3 Study applicable international conventions / commitments related to GHG emission (and emission of other pollutants)

10.4 Identify GHG mitigations options

10.5 Identify implementation mechanisms and resource requirements for implementing mitigation options 11. Establish a database management system for monitoring INDCs.

11.1 Establish a separate unit for implementing INDCs

11.2 Develop relevant software

11.3 Develop and build capacity 21 2. Strategic Policies Table 2.1 presents a set of strategic policy elements under which the activities of the INDCs in the transport sector are formulated. Primarily, these policy elements are in accordance with the Reduce-Shift-Improve concept of environmentally sustainable transport (EST) systems, which means reduce (or avoid) the need to travel, shift or maintain share of more environmentally friendly modes, and improve the energy efficiency of transport modes and vehicle technology. These three aspects cover system efficiency, trip efficiency and vehicle efficiency, thus contributing to a significant GHG emission reduction. Table 2.1: Strategic policy elements and related INDCs in the transport sector Number Strategic Policy Elements INDCs Activities 1 Conducive environment and sound MRV system 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; for the effective implementation of INDCs are 2.1; 2.2; 2.3; 2.4; 2.5; ensured. 13.1; 13.2; 13.3; 13.4; 13.5; 13.6 2 Sustainable mobility through the reduction of 4.5; 9.1; 9.2; 9.3; 9.4; motorized travel is promoted. 9.5; 9.6; 10.1; 10.2; 10.3 3 Socially acceptable, environmentally sustainable, 3.1; 3.2; 3.3; 3.4; 3.5; economically viable, technically sound modes of 3.6; 3.8; 4.1; 4.2; 4.3; public transport, mass transit systems and transport 4.4 infrastructure are established (to facilitate the shift from modes of private transport to public). 4 Energy efficient and environmentally sustainable 7.1; 7.2; 7.3; 7.4; 7.5; vehicle technologies are promoted, while 8.1; 8.2; 8.3; 8.4; 8.5; performances of in-use vehicles are enhanced or 8.6; 8.8 maintained. 5 Cleaner fuels and alternative energy resources are 5.1; 5.2; 5.3; 5.4; 5.5; introduced. 8.7 6 Non-motorized transport modes are advocated. 4.5; 9.1; 9.2; 9.3; 9.4; 9.5; 9.6 7 Efficient use of transport systems and infrastructure 3.7; 6.1; 6.2; 6.3; 10.1; is facilitated, while promoting transport demand 10.2; 10.3 management (TDM) and intelligent transport systems together with discouraging inefficient technologies and modes. 8 Environmentally sustainable transport concepts are 11.1; 11.2; 11.3; 11.4; promoted in aviation and maritime sectors. 11.5; 12.1; 12.2; 12.3; 12.4; 12.5 22 3: Readiness Action Plan Strategy 1 Establish a sound policy & institutional framework for the implementation of INDCs Activity Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019

1.1 Review related policies & legislations Ministry of Transport & Civil Number of review 1

1.2 Analyze institutions & stakeholders Aviation (MoT&CA) reports 1

1.3 Assess national agendas, priorities and drives 1

1.4 Develop a sound policy framework including an effective MoT&CA Number of policy 1 setup for stakeholder engagement and institutional reports coordination, with particular emphasis on an enabling environment for avoidance/ reduction of journeys and modal shift towards public transport.

1.5 Develop and conduct awareness programs for stakeholders MoT&CA, Ministry of Number of 4 4 4 and institutions Mahaweli Development & awareness Environment (MMD&E) programs 23 Number of 80 80 80 participants Strategy 2 Establish an information management system for the transport sector

2.1 Establish an inter-agency officers committee for transport MoT&CA Number of 4 4 4 information management system (IMS) committee meetings

2.2 Establish a comprehensive information resource center and National Transport Commission Operationilising of 30% 80% 100% a centralized database /IMS for transport sector (NTC), MoT&CA, Ministry of the database Higher Education & Highways (MoHE&H), Road Development Authority (RDA)

2.3 Annual publications on the transport sector performance NTC, Department of Motor Number of 2 2 2 reviews; fleet characteristics/data Traffic (DMT) publications

2.4 Conduct training programs on IMS in the transport sector MoT&CA, MMD&E Number of training 2 2 2 programs Number of 40 40 40 participants

2.5 Establish the present GHG emission profile of the transport MoT&CA, MMD&E, Central % of coverage 25% 50% 100% sector Environment Authority (CEA) Strategy 3 Establish an efficient and effective public transport system Activity Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019

3.1 Develop Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMPs) for major Ministry of Megapolis & Number of urban 1 3 5 urban areas of the country Western Development areas covered (MoM&WD), MoT&CA

3.2 Characterize key mitigation options related to introducing MoM&WD, MoT&CA Number of major 6 4 4 new modes in UTMPs such as urban railway improvements projects with electrification and modernization, light rail transit (LRT), inland water transport, modernization of buses.

3.3 Characterize the transport infrastructure development RDA, MoM&WD, MoHE&H Number of 2 3 4 projects (capacity improvement of road links including projects national roads and existing expressway network; construction of new expressways) 24

3.4 Review the proposal for purchasing new rolling stock for MoT&CA, MMD&E Review report 1 Sri Lanka Railway and identify GHG mitigation potential

3.5 Characterize the rehabilitation of Kelani valley railway line MoT&CA, MMD&E Review report 1 in relation to the GHG mitigation potential

3.6 Conduct training/awareness programs on transport MoM&WD Number of training 3 3 3 interventions proposed in the UTMPs programs Number of 60 60 60 participants

3.7 Study the impact of introducing ITS (Intelligent Transport Universities, MoM&WD, Number of ITS 2 4 6 System) based passenger and freight transport systems MoT&CA concepts developed Strategy 4 Shift passengers from modes of private transport to public transport Activity Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019

4.1 Review options for different infrastructure development and MoT&CA, Universities, NTC Review report 1 the promotion of the modal shift

4.2 Characterize the options identified in 4.1 above in relation to MoT&CA Number of 2 2 2 their potential as GHG mitigation (such as introducing the provinces covered Park and Ride system, bus depots next to railway stations)

4.3 Develop and implement mass media campaign to promote MoT&CA Number of media 4 4 4 the modal shift campaigns

4.4 Introduce travel restrictions, parking restrictions, minimum RDA, Local authorities (LAs) Number of 1 2 3 occupancy limits, electronic road pricing etc. for private interventions vehicles

4.5 Organize car-free days and car-free zones LAs Number of 2 2 2 programs Strategy 5 Enforce the fuel quality roadmap in order to reduce harmful emissions of air pollutants

5.1 Review and update the draft fuel quality roadmap MMD&E The roadmap 1

5.2 Establish a fuel quality management committee MMD&E Number of 3 3 3 committee meetings

5.3 Identify GHG mitigation options in the fuel quality roadmap MMD&E Number of 2 2 2 25 and characterize them projects

5.4 Estimate the financial implications and impacts of each MMD&E % of completion 30% 60% 100% intervention of the fuel quality roadmap

5.5 Identify the existing fuel quality testing facilities and Universities, CEA; Industrial Proposal for the 1 develop a proposal for an independent fuel testing facility Technology Institute (ITI), independent fuel and operationalization program National Building Research quality testing Organization (NBRO) facility Strategy 6 Reduce unproductive transport systems from current usage Activity Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019

6.1 Prepare a country report on fuel economy of in-use vehicles DMT Review report 1 and make recommendations for benchmarking of fuel economy levels for categories of different vehicles

6.2 Develop a vehicle scrap page program and related regulation MoT&CA The regulation 10% 20% 25% for its enforcement

6.3 Develop and implement a mass media campaign to facilitate DMT A mass media 1 2 4 effective implementation of the scrap page program campaigned Strategy 7 Revise emission standards to reduce GHG emissions

7.1 Enforce revised emission standards DMT, MMD&E Enforced revised 100% 100% 100% standards

7.2 Implement a smoke spotter program for gross emitters DMT, MMD&E Number of 2500 2500 2500 vehicles spotted

7.3 Implement a road-side vehicle emission testing program DMT, MMD&E, Sri Lanka Number of 3000 3000 3000 Police vehicles tested

7.4 Inspect and monitor vehicle emission testing centres DMT, MMD&E, CEA, Dept. of Number of centers 100 100 100 Measurement Units, Standards & inspected Services (MUSSD)

7.5 Establish the relationship between emission factors and fuel Universities, CEA, DMT Number of 1 3 6 economy/ GHG emissions categories of vehicles covered Strategy 8 Promote energy efficient and environmentally sustainable vehicle technologies including electric and hybrid vehicles Activity Responsible Agencies Output Time Line 26 Indicators 2017 2018 2019

8.1 Study the performance and impacts of in-use electric and DMT, Universities Study report 1 hybrid vehicles

8.2 Analyze the recycling of battery on electric and hybrid CEA, MMD&E Study report 1 vehicles

8.3 Establish charging infrastructure (and electricity tariff Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB), Number of 50 100 200 methodology) for electric and hybrid vehicles Lanka Electric Company charging stations (LECO)

8.4 Study potential impacts of introducing electric buses MoT&CA, NTC, Universities Study report 1

8.5 Study potential impacts of importation of electric three- MoT&CA, NTC Study report 1 wheelers and converting conventional three-wheelers to electric ones

8.6 Study potential impacts of introducing an electrified boat MoM&WD, MoT&CA Study report 1 service

8.7 Study potential of bio fuels and biogas as transport fuels Universities Study report 1

8.8 Develop a fuel economy labeling program for vehicles Universities, Sri Lanka Number of vehicle 1 2 4 Sustainable Energy Authority categories covered (SLSEA), Sri Lanka Standard Institute (SLSI) Strategy 9 Promote non-motorized modes of transport (cycling and walking) Activity Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019

9.1 Conduct a study on the present status of non-motorised Universities, RDA, LAs, NTC, Survey report 1 transport (NMT) systems in Sri Lanka Clean Air Sri Lanka (CASL), AirMAC

9.2 Develop a national action plan / roadmap for to promote Universities, NTC, AirMAC, Action plan 1 non-motorized transport (NMT) systems; with particular CASL emphasis on optimum utilizing of existing infrastructure by improving accessibility and establishing networks, while integrating NMT into the transport system including transport and spatial planning

9.3 Establish a walkability index in different regions Universities, AirMAC, CASL, Number of regions 5 10 20 27 LAs

9.4 Implement pilot zones to promote NMT modes, in Universities, RDA, LAs, CASL Number of zones 3 6 10 accordance with the outputs of item 9.2 above

9.5 Implement tree planting programs along cycle paths / walk- LAs; UDA, RDA, CASL Number of 5 10 20 ways (including along water-ways) programs

9.6 Develop and implement mass media campaigns to promote AirMAC, CASL Number of media 1 2 4 NMT campaigns Strategy 10 Promote sustainable mobility through avoidance or reduction of motorized travel

10.1 Conceptualize different options to avoid or reduce Universities Appraisal report 1 motorized travel applicable to the local context (e.g. flexible working time; compressed workweeks; use of ICT for e- commerce, e-governance, e-materialization, etc, increasing densities and concentration and mixed use development in city planning) Activity Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019

10.2 Develop guidelines or a framework to operationalize each Universities Number of options 2 3 4 option identified in item 10.1 considered

10.3 Develop and implement mass media campaigns to promote AirMAC, CASL Number of 2 2 2 the avoid/reduce concept of transport campaigns Strategy 11 Reduce GHG emissions in the aviation sector

11.1 Identify the current profile of GHG emissions from Sri Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Report on the 1 Lankan operators (Sri Lankan Airline, Mihin Lanka and emission profile FITS Aviation) in international operations and from the domestic operators at the local level

11.2 Forecast the BAU future emissions from the above CAA Report on 1 28 operators emission forecast

11.3 Study applicable international conventions / commitments CAA Study report 1 related to GHG emission (and emission of other pollutants)

11.4 Identify GHG mitigations options CAA Number of options 2 2 2

11.5 Identify implementation mechanisms and resource CAA Study report 1 requirements for the implementation of mitigation options Strategy 12 Reduce GHG emissions in the maritime sector

12.1 Establish the present GHG emission profile of the maritime Sri Lanka Ports Authority Report on the 1 sector (SLPA), Universities emission profile

12.2 Forecast the BAU future emissions from the sector SLPA, Universities Report on the 1 emission forecast

12.3 Identify GHG mitigation options for the maritime sector SLPA, Universities Number of options 2 2 2

12.4 Study the GHG mitigation potentials for implementation of SLPA, Universities Study report 1 international laws and regulations

12.5 Identify implementation mechanisms and resource SLPA, Universities Study report 1 requirements to implement mitigation options Strategy 13 Prioritize GHG mitigation options in the transport sector Activity Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019

13.1 Set baselines / BAU scenario for identified mitigation MMD&E, MoT&CA % of baselines set 50% 85% 100% options

13.2 Establish marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves for the MMD&E, MoT&CA Number of 15 25 30 selected mitigation options mitigation options considered

13.3 Assign responsible agencies and get their commitment / MMD&E, MoT&CA Number of endorsement agencies committed

13.4 Identify resource and capacity requirements, and develop, MMD&E, MoT&CA Number of training 2 2 2 and implement training programs programs Number of 50 50 50 participants

13.5 Establish an MRV system MMD&E % coverage 10% 25% 50% 29

13.6 Develop an implementation plan for the INDCs in the MMD&E, MoT&CA % of completion 25% 100% transport sector 30 31 32 Introduction Industrial sector includes energy consuming industries, technology intensive industries, small and medium enterprises and micro industries. Apart from emissions generated from energy consumption, the key industries contributing to GHG emissions are cement manufacture and lime production. Energy required for industrial purposes is generated from several sources such as biomass, petroleum oil and electricity. It is noted that most of the industries are using very old and high energy consuming technologies which need to be reviewed and improved with new technology. Proposed INDCs in the industry sector are suggesting further actions and sub actions that could directly and indirectly influence in reducing GHG emissions in the industrial sector by modifying, adopting and applying new technology available in the field targeting the time frame of 2020-2030. 1. INDCs of Industrial Sector The INDCs of the industrial sector include: 1. Modernize and facilitate industries to follow recognized standards related to GHG emission reduction (environmental management systems such as ISO 14000, ISO 14040 series, ISO 14062, design for environment, ISO 14064-greenhouse gas emission standards, Oeko-Tex 1000 garment and textile industry; Hazard Account Critical Control Points (HACCP) or ISO 22000/25 certification, etc) 2. Continue fuel switching to biomass in industries 3. Improve industrial energy/water/ raw material efficiency 4. Introduce and promote tax structures to promote sustainable technologies 5. Encourage industries to reduce GHG emissions by introducing a reward system 6. Establish eco-industrial parks (EIPS) and villages 7. Implement the national green reporting system of Sri Lanka. 8. Apply eco-efficiency and cleaner production 9. Greening the supply chain by introducing life cycle management and industrial symbiosis to managing zero waste 10. Introduce high efficient motors for the entire industrial sector 33 2. Strategic policies and related INDCs in the industrial sector Number Strategic Policy INDCs Activities 1 Introduce GHG emission standards for the effective 1,5 implementation of INDCs. 2 Encourage clean energy sources through biomass energy 2 generation. 3 Enhance capacity building of industrialists and relevant 3,4,10 stakeholders by using modern technology as well as including low interest credit schemes 4 Efficient use of resources for industry by using cleaner 6,7, 8,9 production and sustainable consumption and production 34 3. Readiness Action Plan Industry Sector INDCs-1 1. Modernise and facilitate industries to follow recognized standards related to GHG emission reduction Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Assess the current environment standards related to MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA,CCS, Number of 20% 60% 100% GHG emission reduction (adverse industry sectors) SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all industries provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 2 Identify the adequacy of policies and regulations to MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Identified 20% 60% 100% implement the identified INDCs SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all policies and provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, regulations CCC, NCC, Universities 3 Identify existing policy gaps through stakeholder MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Identified 20% 60% 100% consultation SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all policy gaps provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, 35 CCC, NCC, Universities 4 Identify existing gaps in legal framework through MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Identified gaps 20% 60% 100% stakeholder consultation SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all in the legal provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, framework CCC, NCC, Universities 5 Study and propose solutions/mechanisms to fill the MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, New solutions/ 20% 60% 100% above gaps SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all mechanisms provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 6 Identify baseline information of GHG MIC, NCPC ,BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Baselines 20% 60% 100% SLSI, FCCISL, ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 7 Identify responsible organizations to fill the gaps MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Identified 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all responsible provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, organisations CCC, NCC, Universities 8 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% implement such INDCs and the consent of other SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all institutions executing agencies provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 10 Identify adequate human capacities to implement such MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% INDCs SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all institutions provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 11 Set up capacity building programmes related to GHG MIC, NCPC, CCS, Universities Number of 20% 60% 100% emission reduction and baseline scenarios programmes 12 Identify suitable financial sources (external and local) MIC, CCS, ERD Financial 50% 50% to implement such INDCs sources 13 Setup an INDC monitoring mechanism in the MIC, CCS Number of 50% 50% respective Ministry monitoring bodies 14 Facilitate industries to implementthe standards MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 20% 60% 100% 36 related to GHG emission reduction SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all industries provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities Industry Sector INDCs-2 2. Continue fuel switching to biomass in industries Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify the adequacy of policies that support switching MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% to alternative energy sources SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all policies provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 2 Identify adequacy of institutional support to MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% implement the INDC SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all institutions provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 3 Identify barriers for switching to alternative energy MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Identified 100% sources through stakeholder consultation SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all barriers provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 4 Study and identify modern alternative energy sources MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 20% 60% 100% technology (both heat and energy technology SLSI, ITI, SLITA, NERDC, identified applications) Universities modern technologies 5 Assess technical feasibility to switch to alternative MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Technical 50% 100% energy sources SLSI, ITI, SLITA, NERDC, feasibility Universities 6 Conduct research on existing efficient energy MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 30% 60% 100% technologies in selected industry categories to improve SLSI, ITI, SLITA, NERDC, researches the level of efficiency Universities conducted 7 Identify adequate human capacities of stakeholder MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, human 100% institutions to implement the INDC SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all capacities 37 provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 8 Set up a database for fuel switching in industries MIC, NPD, CCS Database 20% 100% 9 Identify suitable financial sources (external and local) MIC, NPD, CCS,ERD Identified 50% 100% to implement the INDC financial sources 10 Setup a monitoring mechanism in the respective MIC, CCS Monitoring 50% 100% Ministries mechanisms 11 Develop a market for sustainable fuel (promotional MIC, NPD, CCS % of campaign 30% 60% 100% campaign) completion 12 Establish a special loan scheme to apply the modern MIC, NPD, CCS Number of loan 20% 100% fuel technologies schemes 13 Carryout pilot projects on fuel switching technologies MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of pilot 20% 60% 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all projects provinces), SLITA, EDB, NERDC, conducted CCC, NCC Industry Sector INDCs-3 3. Improve industrial energy/water/raw material efficiency Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify adequacy of policies supported for effective MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Identified 100% use of energy, water and raw materials SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all adequacy of provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, policies CCC, NCC, Universities 2 Assess adequacy of environmental regulations to MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, An assessment 100% implement such INDCs SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all report provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 3 Remove barriers for efficient usage of energy, water MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Barriers 20% 60% 100% and materials through stakeholder consultation SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all removed provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 38 4 Identify and assign responsibilities to the selected MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Identified 100% executing agencies to ensure the effective use of SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all responsible energy, water and raw materials provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, agencies, and CCC, NCC, Universities responsibilities of agencies 5 Study best available technology for the efficient use MIC, CCS, ITI, NERDC, Universities Identified best 20% 60% 100% of energy , water and raw materials technologies 6 Review the MRV system developed for the NAMA in MIC,CCS,CEA,ITI, NERDC, Review reports 100% the energy end use sector related energy sector Universities 7 Conduct a feasibility study to adopt the NAMA and the MIC,CCS,CEA,ITI, NERDC, Feasibility 50% 100% MRV system for water and materials Universities report 8 Conduct research on technologies of selected critical MIC,CCS,CEA,ITI, NERDC, Number of 20% 60% 100% industry categories Universities research 9 Identify potential industrial relationships on resource MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Identified 50% 100% sharing SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all industrial provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, relationships CCC, NCC, Universities 10 Identify and implement human capacity development MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Human capacity 20% 60% 100% programs to implement identified INDCs SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all development provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, programmes CCC, NCC, Universities 11 Establish a database for usage of energy, water and raw MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Database 20% 60% 100% materials in the industry sector SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 12 Study the data collected and set baselines and targets to MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Baselines and 50% 100% achieve SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all targets provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 13 Set GHG emission reduction targets through expert MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Targets for each 50% 100% consultations SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all sector provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 39 17 Setup a monitoring mechanism in the respective MIC, CCS Monitoring 100% Ministry mechanism 18 Facilitate industries in the implementation of industrial MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Available 20% 60% 100% energy, water, raw materials efficiency. SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all facilities provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities Industry Sector INDCs-4 4. Introduce and develop tax structures to promote sustainable technologies Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Review the existing tax structure in consultation with MIC, Treasury, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% stakeholders SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all revisions provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB 2 Assess the adequacy of fiscal policies supporting MIC, Treasury, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, An assessment 100% sustainable technologies SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all report provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB 3 Study sustainable technologies available in the market MIC, CCS, SLSI, FCCISL, ITI, ,EDB, % of the 20% 60% 100% and their prices through a market survey NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities completion of the market survey 4 Identify and remove barriers to promote sustainable MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Removed 20% 60% 100% technologies through stakeholder consultation SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all barriers provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 5 Validation of the green procurement policy and MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Validated 100% guidelines SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all document provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 6 Introduce a new tax structure to promote sustainable MIC, Treasury, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, New tax 100% technologies through consultations with the Ministry of Chief Secs (all provinces), SLITA, structure Finance EDB 7 Popularize soft economic instruments such as payments MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 20% 60% 100% 40 for ecosystem services to shift from polluter pays SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all economic principle to user pays principle provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, instruments CCC, NCC, Universities 8 Conduct research on sustainable innovative MIC, CCS, ITI, NERDC, Universities Number of 20% 60% 100% technologies for selected industry categories research 9 Encourage investors to engage and use the sustainable MIC, BOI, IDB, CCS, SLSI, FCCISL, Schemes for 20% 60% 100% technology application Chief Secs (all provinces), ITI, SLITA, encouragement EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC 10 Establish a unit to monitor the tax structure MIC, Treasury, CCS, Chief Secs (all Monitoring 20% 60% 100% provinces), reports Industry Sector INDCs-5 5. Encourage industries to reduce GHG emissions by introducing a reward system Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Create platforms to motivate industrialists based on MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 30% 60% 100% rewards SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all industries provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 2 Develop guidelines for a rewarding system MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all guidelines provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 3 Review the existing criteria with through stakeholder MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% consultations SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all reviewed provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, criteria CCC, NCC, Universities 4 Identify industry categories MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all identified provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, categories CCC, NCC, Universities 5 Conduct capacity building programmes for MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 30% 60% 100% industrialists to develop scenarios SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all programmes provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 41 6 Identify evaluation teams and TORs MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all evaluation provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, teams and ToRs CCC, NCC, Universities developed 7 Develop a database on GHG emission reduction MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Database 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs(all developed provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 8 Develop baseline scenarios MIC, NCPC, CCS, Universities Number of 20% 60% 100% scenarios 9 Develop GHG scenarios MIC, NCPC, CCS, Universities Number of 20% 60% 100% scenarios 10 Set GHG emission reduction targets through expert MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 30% 60% 100% consultations SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all targets set provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 11 Establish a monitoring mechanism MIC, CCS % of the 50% 100% completion of the monitoring mechanism 12 Create a platform to share experiences with other MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, A platform 30% 100% industries FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), established SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 13 Promote and introduce market based instruments MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Instruments SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all introduced provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 14 Introduce tax holidays/concessions for green MIC, Treasury, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 20% 60% 100% investments and imports Chief Secs (all provinces), EDB concessions offered Industry Sector INDCs-6 6. Establish eco- industrial parks (EIPS) and villages 42 Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Develop regulating criteria for existing and new MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, No of criteria 50% 100% industrial zone and estate SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all developed provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 2 Identify locations for industries MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all locations provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 3 Identify gaps in policies for industrial zones MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of gaps 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all identified provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 4 Validate Green Procurement Policy and guidelines MIC, NPD, CCS, Chief Secs (all Number of 100% provinces), SLSI policies/ guidelines 5 Issue EPL and monitor parameters on soil, water and MIC, BOI, CEA, Chief Secs (all Number of EPL 30% 60% 100% air provinces) 6 Identify eco industrial parks/zones clustered industries MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA,CCS, Number of 100% including high polluting industries. SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all industries provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 7 Call for expressions of interest to cluster eco industrial MIC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, SLSI, Number of 50% 100% parks/villages FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces) expressions 8 Identify an arm to monitor Eco- Industrial Zones and MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Identified 100% villages SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all organisation provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 9 Conduct a feasibility study on an integrated waste MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 50% 100% management system SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all covered provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, industrial zones CCC, NCC, Universities 43 10 Develop a baseline survey for integrated waste MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Survey report 100% management SLSI, ITI, SLITA, NERDC, Universities 11 Strengthen an integrated waste/waste water exchange MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 20% 60% 100% network SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all exchangeable provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, waste producing CCC, NCC, Universities industries 12 Create awareness among industrialists and the general MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 20% 60% 100% public SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all programmes, provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, leaflets, etc CCC, NCC, Universities 13 Facilitate to strengthen/convert/re-zone existing MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 20% 60% 100% industrial zones/parks into eco industrial zones SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all facilitated provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, zones/parks CCC, NCC, Universities Industry Sector INDCs-7 7. Implement the National Green Reporting System of Sri Lanka Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Review the existing National Green Reporting MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 100% Guidelines SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all reviewed provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, guidelines CCC, NCC, Universities 2 Identify the gaps and find a solution for identified gaps MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 20% 60% 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all solutions provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 3 Incorporate solutions to the National Green Reporting MIC, EP&E Number of 20% 60% 100% System incorporated solutions 44 4 Creation of Mega scale awareness on the reporting MIC, EP&E Number of 20% 60% 100% system awareness programmes 5 Call for expression of interest to enroll with the system EP&E Number of 30% 60% 100% enrolments 6 Identify innovative promotional campaign methods MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 50% 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all identified provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, methods CCC, NCC, Universities 7 Identify evaluation teams MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 50% 100% CCS, SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all teams identified provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 8 Conduct capacity building programmes for MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 30% 60% 100% industrialists and verification agencies SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all conducted provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, programmes CCC, NCC, Universities 9 Identify a suitable financial mechanism for the MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 100% reporting system SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all identified provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, mechanisms CCC, NCC, Universities 10 Develop a database for the National Green Reporting MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, % of 30% 60% 100% system SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all completion provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 11 Strengthen/build capacity of the evaluation team MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 30% 60% 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all programmes provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, conducted CCC, NCC, Universities 12 Identify a suitable mechanism to be associated with MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Identified 100% Government sector institutions for this system SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all mechanism provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 45 13 Create a platform to share best practices and lessons MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 30% 60% 100% with others SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all shared best provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, practices CCC, NCC, Universities 14 Facilitate soft loan/grants for green investments and MIC, Treasury, BOI, IDB, CEA, Value of the 30% 60% 100% practices EP&E, Chief Secs (all provinces), EDB loans/grants 15 Implement the National Green Reporting System EP&E Number of 30% 60% 100% registered industries Industry Sector INDCs-8 8. Apply eco-efficiency and cleaner production Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct an industrial survey to identify the current MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 30% 60% 100% situation SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all industries provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 2 Develop baseline scenarios MIC, NCPC, EP&E, CCS, Universities Number of 30% 60% 100% scenarios 3 Conduct training programmes to reduce waste of MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 30% 60% 100% resources from industries SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all programmes provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 4 Conduct a study to increase Environmental and Social MIC,CCS, Universities Number of 30% 60% 100% Responsibility of SMEs SMEs 5 Conduct a feasibility study for the promotion of MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 50% 50% renewable/green energy efficiency in the industrial SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all sectors covered sector provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 6 Recognize and appreciate industrialists switching to MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 30% 60% 100% green industries SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all recognized provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, industries CCC, NCC, Universities 46 7 Formulate sectoral cleaner production policies and MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, SLSI, Number of 30% 60% 100% strategies for the effective implementation of RECP FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), ITI, sectors SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 8 Conduct capacity building programmes and awareness MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, SLSI, Number of 30% 60% 100% creation on RECP FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), ITI, programmes SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 9 Encourage R&D in industries to support eco innovation MIC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, FCCISL, Chief Number of 30% 60% 100% Secs (all provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, recorded R&D NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 10 Develop annual assessment reports on industrial MIC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Chief Annual reports 20% 60% pollutants Secs(all provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, Universities 11 Facilitate application of eco-efficiency and cleaner MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 30% 60% 100% production SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all industries provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities Industry Sector INDCs-9 9. Greening the supply chain by introducing Life Cycle Management and industrial symbiosis to manage zero waste Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Formulate policy and guidelines for green public MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 100% procurement SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all policies/guideli provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, nes CCC, NCC, Universities 2 Obtain Cabinet approval for green public procurement MIC, EP&E, Chief Secs (all provinces), Cabinet 100% approval 3 Promote green purchasing among enterprises MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 30% 60% 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all enterprises provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 4 Promote eco-design and green building applications for MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 30% 60% 100% the industrial sector SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all promoted 47 provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, applications CCC, NCC, Universities 5 Conduct capacity building programmes for eco MIC, NCPC, EP&E, Universities Number of 30% 60% 100% design/green building consultants & architects persons /programmes 6 Develop a national eco/energy labels certification MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, SLSI, Number of 30% 60% 100% programmes FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), ITI, eco/energy SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, labels Universities 7 Encourage resource recovery through a waste exchange MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Amount of 30% 60% 100% platform SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all waste provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, exchange CCC, NCC, Universities 8 Encourage substitution of renewable material use MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, EP&E, Number of 30% 60% 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all substitution provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 9 Establish a green procurement network MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, EP&E, SLSI, Number of 100% FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), green suppliers SLITA, EDB, CCC, NCC, Universities 10 Promote industries to recover and share resources from MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, EP&E, SLSI, Amount of 30% 60% 100% selected waste streams within and between industries FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), waste SLITA, EDB, CCC, NCC, Universities recovered or shared 11 Create platforms to motivate the use of locally MIC, NCPC,BOI,IDB, EP&E, SLSI, Amount of 30% 60% 100% recycled material symbiosis within closely located FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), locally industries SLITA, EDB, CCC, NCC, Universities recycled materials used 12 Conduct research and development for Life Cycle MIC, EP&E CCS, ITI, NERDC, Number of R 30% 60% 100% 48 Assessment Universities &D 13 Identify financial sources MIC, EP&E, CCS, ERD Identified 100% sources 14 Strengthen the institutional mechanism to monitor the MIC, CCS, EP&E Number of 50% 100% INDC institutions 13 Green the supply chain through the introduction of MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 30% 60% 100% Life Cycle Management, policy formulation, capacity EP&E, SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all industries building and training for the promotion of eco provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, products, and industrial symbiosis to manage zero CCC, NCC, Universities waste INDC Industry Sector INDCs-10 10. Introduce high efficient motors for the entire industrial sector Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct a research dissemination forum for green MIC, CCS, ITI, NERDC, ,Universities Number of 20% 60% 100% innovation on high efficient motors conferences/ symposiums 2 Create platforms to motivate the use of high efficiency MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Number of 20% 60% 100% motors SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all platforms provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, created CCC, NCC, Universities 3 Conduct a feasibility study on introducing high MIC,CCS, ITI, NERDC, Universities Number of 50% 100% efficient motors for industries types of motors 4 Create Awareness among industrialists on the relevant MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CCS, SLSI, Number of 20% 60% 100% INDC actions FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), ITI, awareness SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, programmes Universities 5 Conduct capacity building programmes for the MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CCS, SLSI, Number of 20% 60% 100% technical officers and machine operators FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), ITI, programmes SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 6 Avoid double counting of the INDC with transport and MIC, CCS Mechanisms 100% energy sectors developed to 49 avoid double counting 7 Assess mitigation potential of technology or practices MIC,NCPC,CCS, ITI, NERDC, Number of 30% 70% 100% for each INDC Universities assessments 8 Set GHG emission reduction targets through expert MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Targets for 50% 100% consultations SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all each sector provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, Universities 9 Publish GHG reduction targets in the MRV system MIC,CCS,CEA,ITI,NERDC, Number o of 30% 60% 100% Universities publications 10 Identify external funding assistance required for this MIC, CCS,ERD Value of 100% technology funding identified 11 Identify a lead executing agency for the INDCs MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Lead executing 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all agency provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, identified CCC, NCC, Universities 12 Identify supporting executing agencies for each INDC MIC, NCPC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, Supporting 100% SLSI, FCCISL, Chief Secs (all executing provinces), ITI, SLITA, EDB, NERDC, agencies CCC, NCC, Universities identified 13 Introduce high efficient motors to the entire industrial MIC, BOI, IDB, CEA, CCS, SLSI, Amount of 20% 60% 100% sector FCCISL, Chief Secs (all provinces), ITI, energy saved SLITA, EDB, NERDC, CCC, NCC, 50 51 52 Introduction Forest cover is globally accepted as a key element in combating climate change. This is through the contribution that forests make to curb the increasing trend of average surface temperature. The crucial role that trees play in absorbing carbon from air through a process referred to as carbon sequestration, has now been recognized globally as an effective way to remove rapidly increasing atmospheric carbon. However, once trees are cut down, this process is reversed as most of the sequestrated carbon is once again emitted to the atmosphere. Therefore, deforestation and forest degradation has been identified as one of the major issues that contribute to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that deforestation and forest degradation account for 12% of earth’s human induced carbon emission, which is more emissions than the entire global transportation put together. Proposed INDCs of this sector are directly or indirectly influencing the reduction of GHG emission, through the increase of forest cover in the country up to a healthy level and through the management of deforestation. It further focuses on enriching land use by introducing perennial crops during the time frame of 2020-2030. 1. INDCs of Forest Sector 1. Increase forest cover of Sri Lanka from 29% to 32% by 2030.

1.1 Identify land for reforestation/forestation (suitable non forest land for forestry by conducting land use planning at national scale). 2. Improve quality of growing stock of natural forests and plantations. 2.1 Natural Forests 2.1.1 Completion of boundary demarcation 2.1.2 Conservation to increase non carbon benefits

2.2 Plantation forests 2.2.1 Demarcation of boundaries including buffer zones

2.2.2 Develop plantation management plans for sustainable forest management practices for productive and protective purposes 3. Restoration of degraded forests and hilltops (shrubs, grasslands and state lands) 4. Increase river basin management for major rivers of Sri Lanka.

4.1 Multi hazard prioritisation of catchment/ river basins 4.2 Preparation of catchment management plan/s (demarcation and protection of riverine vegetation etc.) 4.3 Implementation of protective measures 5. Forestation of underutilized private lands and marginal tea lands.

5.1 Promote forestation/afforestation through a non-carbon benefit/payment for ecosystem service mechanism. 6. Urban forestry (tree planting along roadside, temple lands, schools and other government lands). 6.1 Improve better coordination among relevant authorities 7. Establishment/ reactivation of the National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS). 53

7.1 Regular implementation of the national forest inventory and national forest cover assessment 8. Promote private and public sector companies to investment in environmental conservation projects through CSR programs.

8.1 Establish an institutional setup and a mechanism to implement such programs. 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policy 1 Conservation and enhancement of the forest cover of Sri Lanka 2 Sustainable forest management through enhancing the quality of biomass and restoration of degraded forests 3 Watersheds and river basin management 4 Promotion of private sector participation in forest conservation 5 Promotion of tree planting outside the forest areas 6 Promotion of community/community based organizations (CBOs)/religious entities and general public in tree planting 7 Use of international guidance and experience in capacity building 8 Intersectoral coordination in planning and implementation 9 Use of affordable technology 10 Use of viable alternatives for environmental destructive practices 54 3. Readiness Action Plan 1. Increase forest cover of Sri Lanka from 29% to 32% by 2030 Forestry Sector INDCs-1 1.1 Identify land for reforestation/forestation (suitable non forest land for forestry by conducting land use planning at national scale) Action Responsible Output Time Line Agencies Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Prepare current forest extent, classification and preparation of forest FD, DWLC Forest inventory 50% 50% inventories data, forest cover maps 2 Identify land requirement for reforestation/forestation/forest restoration FD, MA, Identified land 100% DWLC area 3 Analyze the potential for converting non-forest land to forestry by conducting FD, LUPPD Study report 50% 50% land use planning at national level (while considering socio-economic challenges). 4 Address socio-economic issues relation to forest management FD Resolved socio- 50% 50% 55 economic issues 5 Identify suitable forest restoration methods and potential plant species for FD Number of 20% 40% 40% different localities according to the geo-physical boundaries. methods/species 6 Identify and rectify policy gaps FD, DWLC, A report of policy 50% 100% MA gaps identified 7 Conduct awareness and training programmes for stakeholders FD, MA, Number of 20 20 20 DWLC programmes 8 Implementation of reforestation/forestation programme FD, DWLC, Number of 200 200 200 MA hectares restored/planted 9 Build a mechanism to calculate the carbon sequestration of different types of FD, MA, Developed 100% forests DWLC mechanism 10 Identify institutional capacity gaps and rectification FD, MA, Report 50% 50% DWLC 11 Demarcate and declare of newly established forest area FD, MA, Number of 100% DWLC hectares 2. Improvement of quality of growing stock of Natural Forests and Forest Plantations

2.1 Natural Forests

2.1.1 Completion of boundary demarcation

2.1.2 Conservation to increase non carbon benefits Forestry Sector INDCs-2 2.2 Plantation Forests

2.2.1 Demarcation of boundaries including buffer zones

2.2.2 Develop plantation management plans for sustainable forest management practices for productive and protective purposes Action Responsible Output Time Line Agencies Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Prioritize forest areas for quality improvement FD,DWLC Map & report 50% 50% 2 Prepare natural forest management plans FD,DWLC Management plan 30% 30% 40% 3 Prepare site specific restoration plans and intervention strategies FD,DWLC Plans 30% 30% 40% 4 Develop plantation management plans FD Management 50% 50% plans 5 Prepare feasibility plans for increasing mixed cultures instead of FD,DWLC Management 50% 50% 56 monocultures, introducing native varieties in selected forest plantations plans 6 Survey and declare forests and buffer zones M/SD&WL,F Number of forests 100% D,DWLC declared 7 Implement management plans FD,DWLC Area under 20% 20% management Forestry Sector INDCs-3 3. Restoration of degraded forests and hilltops Action Responsible Output Time Line Agencies Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify areas and their present status FD,DWLC Maps & reports 100% 2 Assess restoration potential of degraded forests and hill tops through field FD,DWLC Assessment 100% investigations report 3 Prioritize identified areas for restoration FD,DWLC Maps & reports 100% 4 Prepare management plans to improve degraded forests and hilltops FD,DWLC Management 100% plans 5 Conduct baseline survey to assess climate impacts FD,DWLC Established 100% baseline 6 Implement management plan FD,DWLC Progress reports X X X 4. Increase river basin management for major rivers of Sri Lanka

4.1 Multi hazard prioritization of catchment/ river basins Forestry Sector INDCs-4

4.2 Preparation of catchment management plan/s (Demarcation and protection of riverine vegetation etc.)

4.3 Implementation of protective measures Action Responsible Output Time Line Agencies Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify priority river basins and watersheds and assess the current status/ MA,DoI, Analyzed report multi hazard prioritization of catchment/ river basins LUPPD,FD, 20% 40% 40% DWLC 2 Assess forest status on critical catchments/river basins MA,DoI, Map & report 20% 40% 40% LUPPD,FD,D 57 WLC 3 Impact assessment and analysis of lessons learnt of major watershed MMD&E Assessment 100% management activities undertaken in the past report 4 Prepare catchment management plan/s (demarcation and protection of riverine MA/DoI, Catchment 100% vegetation etc.) LUPPD,FD,D management plan WLC 5 Implement program MA/DoI, Area under *2020 LUPPD,FD,D improved WLC management 5. Forestation of underutilized private lands and marginal Tea/Rubber lands Forestry Sector INDCs-5 5.1 Promote forestation/afforestation through non carbon benefit/payment for ecosystem service mechanism Action Responsible Output Time Line Agencies Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify underutilized private lands and marginal state tea lands for FD,MOPI,L Area of land 50% 50% forestation UPPD,MED identified 2 Create incentive schemes for the promotion of planting programme/s for FD,MOPI,L Documents and productivity enhancement through land management UPPD,MED reports 50% 50% 3 Create awareness on conservation and forestation for private land owners and MMD&E,FD Number of 20% 40% 40% promote forestation/afforestation and introduction of incentive schemes ,MOPI,MED programmes conducted 4 Prepare detailed project implementation plan MMD&E, Area FD,MOPI,M reforested/afforest 100% ED ed under private forests 6. Urban forestry (Tree planting along roadside, temple lands, schools and other govt. lands) Forestry Sector INDCs-6

6.1 Improve better coordination among relevant authorities Action Responsible Output Time Line Agencies Indicators 2017 2018 2019 58 1 Identify sites for urban forestry (tree planting along roadside, car parks, FD Number of sites 50% 50% housing schemes temple lands, schools and other govt. lands) identified 2 Prioritize the areas for tree planting FD, Dept. of Number of sites 50% 50% Commissioner prioritized of local Govt. 3 Develop greening plans in the selected local authorities and other relevant FD, Dep. of Number of plans 50% 50% stakeholders Commissioner of local Govt. 4 Identify tree species suitable for roadside, temple lands, schools and other FD, Dept. of Species List for 50% 50% government lands Commissioner selected of local Govt. categories 5 Prepare detailed project implementation plan to implement the INDCs FD, Dept of Number of sites 50% 50% including actions such as; implementation of the greening plans, provision of Commissioner for planting planting materials of local Govt. initiated Forestry Sector INDCs-7 7. Establishment/ reactivating of the National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS)

7.1 Regular Implementation of National forest inventory and national forest cover assessment Action Responsible Output Time Line Agencies Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Establish the National Forest Monitoring System FD, NFS system 100% UNREDD 2 Conduct awareness creating programmes for stakeholders FD Awareness 50% 50% programmes 3 Regular monitoring of national forest cover FD,DWLC, Established 100% MA monitoring plan 4 Conduct assessments on growing stocks, carbon sequestration, etc FD/DWLC Assessment 100% report Forestry Sector INDCs-8 8. Promote private and public sector companies for investment in environmental conservation projects through CSR programs 59

8.1 Establishment of institutional setup and a mechanism to implement such programs Action Responsibl Output Time Line e Agencies Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify private and public sector companies for supporting environmental FD Number of conservation projects through CSR programs. identified companies 2 Identify land base FD Land base 100% 3 Establish the institutional setup and a mechanism to implement such programs. MMD&E 50% 50% /FD Institutional setup 60 61 62 Introduction GHG emissions from solid waste depend on the disposal methods. The main waste collection and disposal systems currently practiced in Sri Lanka are composting, recycling, sanitary land filling, open dumping, waste burning through incineration (for clinical waste) and waste water treatment. Waste collection and disposal have become a serious problem in Sri Lanka with the expansion of urban population and the rapid changes in the consumption pattern. Local Authorities (LAs) are responsible for municipal solid waste management in Sri Lanka. However, the capacity of LAs in general is not sufficient to manage all waste generated within the LA. Only 40% of the waste is regularly collected. Currently, only a limited number of LAs are running sanitary land filling practices. The generation of Methane from landfill sites is likely to be an acute problem. In almost all the Municipal Councils’ landfill sites are located within the respective city limits, amidst highly populated residential areas. One ton of biodegradable waste gives 300 liters of Methane (0.4 tons of Methane or 8 tons of CO2, equivalent GHG). Providing solutions to solid waste management issue will help solve the multifaceted dimensions on health hazard, environment pollution and GHG emission reduction. The proposed INDCs for waste sector are directly or indirectly influencing the reduction of GHG emission in waste sector by modifying, adopting and applying appropriate technology during the period of 2020-2030. 1. INDCs of Waste Sector The INDCs for the waste sector include: 1. Introducing a source separation system at household level and a proper collection mechanism. 2. Improving the compost preparation system for each local authority and increasing organic fertilizer for agricultural purposes by providing facilities to control the quality of compost, and introducing a market for produced compost 3. Introducing energy generation by waste (waste to energy programmes). 4. Improving waste collection mechanism 5. Designing and implementing comprehensive solid waste management strategies for 40%- 60% local authorities before 2030 6. Monitoring of waste management activities 7. Systematic management of industrial/hazardous and clinical waste 63 2. Strategic policies identified for the waste sector 1. Introduce and implement a 3R System among all LAs 2. Improve compost making facilities for LAs where the waste collection is below 30 MT/Day 3. Introduce other integrated waste management systems for waste collection where it is more than 30MT/Day (incinerators, waste to energy system, mechanically operated compost, machinery) 4. Introduce sanitary landfills for residues (maximum of 3 per province in cluster basis among LAs) 5. Introduce new legal provinces to LAs for the improvement of waste collection and management. 3. Action Plan Waste management action plan is prepared for every province with the inclusion of the following factors. 1. Introduce a proper waste management system taking into consideration of the amount of collection in each LA 2. Possibility of clustering among LAs. 3. Capacity for composting. 4. Collection calendar for LAs. 5. Improvement of facilities for collection and treatment of waste, and night soil. 6. Conduct awareness programmes among public through mass media and other ways. 64 4. Readiness Action Plan Waste Sector INDCs-1 1.Introduce a source separation system at household level and a proper collection mechanism Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify suitable segregation points for different waste categories LAs Number of identified x x x segregation points 2 Identify and increase suitable collection points for different waste LAs Number of collection x x x categories points 3 Identify waste collection industries/ centres for different waste MPCs&LG Number of industry x categories representatives 4 Conduct frequent surveys for waste minimization, segregation MPCs&LG, Number of surveys x and recycling Interested conducted Stakeholders 5 Develop waste management plans at the LA level, and improve MPCs&LG, LA, Number of waste x x x up to provincial level Department of Local management plans 65 Governments developed 6 Create legislation for sorting, collecting at household level MPCs&LG, MMD&E Legislation formulated 7 Adapt Polluter Pays Principle for mixed waste MPCs&LG, MMD&E Polluter Pays Principle implemented 8 Amend the waste management policy to implement and enforce MPCs&LG, MMD&E Waste management policy x INDCs amended 9 Obtain Cabinet approval for the policy MPCs&LG, MMD&E Approval obtained x x 10 Strengthen institutional coordination among LAs for waste MPCs&LG, LAs Institutional coordination x x x segregation strengthened 11 Conduct awareness creating programmes at the household level MPCs&LG, LAs Number of awareness x x x creation programmes 12 Conduct capacity building programmes for workers MPCs&LG, MVE, Number of capacity x x x SLILG building programmes conducted 13 Establish appropriate infrastructure with interested sector MPCs&LG, LAs Number of x x x participation as needed advertisements, notices and call for bids 14 Introduce and amend necessary legal framework and instruments MPCs&LG, MMD&E Number of MBI initiated to initiate MBIs Waste Sector INDCs-2 2. Introduce and improve a compost preparation system for each Local Authority and increase production of ‘soil conditioner’ for agricultural purposes by providing facilities to control the quality of compost and introduce a market for compost product Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Find out national and external resources for composting and MPCs&LG Number of sites identified x x x identify compost sites at LAs levels Number of resources identified 2 Identify technical know-how and human capacities for the MPCs&LG, LAs Number of trainings x x x preparation of composting (MEQ) conducted 5 Identify research and development needs for composting MOA, SLLRDC Gap analysis report x 66 6 Create a mechanism to establish a laboratory to check the quality LA, Private sector Laboratory established x x x of compost produced and other stakeholders 7 Establish a certification service for fertilizer MOA Number of certifications given 8 Conduct assessments of existing compost sites CEA Number of assessments completed 9 Identify gaps in the current system MPCs&LG, Number of gaps identified x Interested stakeholder groups 10 Identify and recognize individuals, communities and champions MPCs&LG, LAs Provision of awards and x x x engaged in the best composting practices financial incentives 11 Update the website information system on composting at LAs MPCs&LG, Number of articles x x x Provincial Councils published 12 Conduct training and awareness programmes for composting MPCs&LG Number of awareness x x x programmes conducted 13 Sensitize and provide worker welfare and safety including MPCs&LG, MoH Number of safety material suitable material prepared 14 Distribute free compost bins MPCs&LG, LAs Number of bins x x x distributed 15 Set GHG reduction targets MMD&E Identified targets, x technical report 16 Analyze MACC(Marginal Abatement Cost Curve) MPCs&LG and Number of of technology x expert panel prioritized 17. Introduce suitable incentive schemes to encourage green MPCs&LG, Awards provided, number x x x initiatives in composting Provincial Councils of individuals provided incentives Waste Sector INDCs-3 3. Develop open dumping sites into sanitary landfill sites Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Prioritize activities related to selection of open dumping sites to MPCs&LG, CEA Number of sites x be converted to sanitary landfill prioritized 67 2 Identify sites MPCs&LG, CEA Number of sites identified x x 3 Conduct feasibility studies and identification of technology MPCs&LG, CEA Number of feasibility x x studies conducted 4 Monitor and evaluate the process MPCs&LG, CEA Number of programmes x x monitored & evaluated Waste Sector INDCs-4 4. Introduce energy generation by waste (waste to energy programmes) Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify national and external support including infrastructure MPCs&LG Number of identified x x x facilities for energy generation by waste external support providers 2 Identify suitable segregation points for different waste categories MPCs&LG, LAs Number of identified x x x segregation points 3 Identify suitable collection points for different waste categories MPCs&LG, LAs Number of collection x x x points identified 4 Update and edit collection systems as needed MPCs&LG, LAs Plan for collection system x x x 5 Identify and fill gaps of the current system Ministry of PCs, LAs Number of gaps identified x x 7 Identify infrastructure facilities Ministry of PCs, LAs List of infrastructure x facilities available 8 Conduct a feasibility study on introducing energy generation by MPCs&LG, LA, Number of feasibility x waste UDA, ITI studies conducted 9. Conduct a feasibility study of producing biogas NERD, SEA,CEA Number of studies x 10 Conduct a feasibility study of producing biofertilizer from by- NERD, SEA,CEA Number of studies x x products of biogas 11 Develop research and development on waste to energy MP&RE,SEA,CEA Number of research x studies 12 Develop a database on waste to energy MP&RE,SEA,CEA, Number of database MPCs&LG established 13 Set the baseline scenario MPCs&LG Baseline scenario x established 14 Set GHG emission scenarios MPCs&LG GHG emission scenarios x x established 15 Identify technology transfer needs MP&RE,SEA,CEA, Number of technologies x x 68 MPCs&LG identified 16 Avoid double counting with the energy sector INDCs MMD&E, Overlaps identified x x x MP&RE,SEA,CEA, MPCs&LG 17 Evaluate success and monitor waste-energy projects MPCs&LG, LAs, Monitoring based on x x x Interested reports from LAs. Field stakeholders, ITI visits through the office of the Assistant Commissioner of Local Govts, publications, etc 18 Identify possible funding sources (Grants, loans, etc.) Ministry of PCs Number funding sources x x x identified Waste Sector INDCs-5 5. Improve waste collection mechanism Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify gaps of current system MPCs&LG, LAs Number of gaps identified x x x 2 Identify suitable segregation points for different LAs Number of segregation x x x waste categories points 3 Identify waste collection industries for different MPCs&LG, LAs Number of industries x x x waste categories identified 4 Conduct waste mapping for the waste collecting MPCs&LG, CEA Number of maps prepared x x x system 5 Conduct awareness programmes for the general MPCs&LG, CEA Number awareness x x x public and school children programmes conducted 6 Conduct capacity building programmes MPCs&LG, CEA Number of capacity x x x building programmes conducted 7 Introducing waste collection and transport MPCs&LG, CEA Number of compactors x x x 69 compactors 8 Formulate a waste management policy MPCs&LG, CEA Waste Management Policy prepared 9 Identify infrastructure needed to implement the INDC MPCs&LG, CEA Infrastructure identified x x Waste Sector INDCs-6 6. Design and implement comprehensive solid waste management strategies for 40%-60% of LAs before 2020 Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify policy gaps in the current system MPCs&LG, CEA Number of policy gaps x identified 2 Identify legal gaps in the current system MPCs&LG, CEA Number of legal gaps x x identified 3 Conduct gap analysis of the system MPCs&LG, CEA Gap analysis conducted x x x 4 Amend relevant policies MPCs&LG, CEA Number of policies x x x amended 5 Conduct a study on the life cycle analysis in MPCs&LG, CEA Number of life cycles x x designing, manufacturing, consumption and disposal analysed of the product 6 Identify key waste sectors , key products and waste MPCs&LG, CEA Number of key waste x x generating nodes sectors, products and waste generating nodes identified 7 Quantify the amount of waste for integrated solid MPCs&LG,CEA Amount of waste x x x waste management generated 8 Identify suitable land facilities for disposal MPCs&LG, CEA Number of land facilities x x x identified 9 Prepare a database for relevant information MPCs&LG, CEA, SEA Database prepared x x documenting 14 Develop a MRV system for waste sector MPCs&LG, CEA,SEA, A MRV system MMD&E established 70 Waste Sector INDCs-7 7. Monitor waste management activities Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct a survey to evaluate the system MPCs&LG, CEA,SEA, MMD&E A Survey conducted x x 2 Monitor the targets to be achieved MPCs&LG,CEA,SEA, MMD&E Number of targets x x monitored 3 Quantify amount of waste for integrated solid waste MPCs&LG,CEA,SEA,MMD&E Number of waste x x x management quantified 4 Strengthen instructional capacity for monitoring MPCs&LG,CEA,SEA, MMD&E Number of instructional x x x capacity monitored 5 Maintain and operate secure landfill units and keep MPCs&LG,CEA,SEA, MMD&E Number of secure landfill x x x updated reports units updated 6 Prepare waste management plans at the provincial MPCs&LG,CEA,SEA, MMD&E Number of waste x x x level management plans prepared 7 Provide input to upgrade the system MPCs&LG, CEA, SEA, Number of inputs x x x MMD&E implemented 8 Establish a regular monitoring system MPCs&LG, CEA Number of regular x x x monitoring systems established 9 Provide information on municipal and hazard waste MPCs&LG, CEA Waste types identified x x x generation and research focused on waste characterization 10 Create a mechanism for recognizing and publishing MPCs&LG, CEA A Mechanisms established x x x R &D activities, findings and applications 11 Facilitate technology transfer through an adaptive MPCs&LG, CEA Number of technologies x x x R&D transferred 12 Update web sites MPCs&LG, CEA Number of updates x x x 13 Inculcate social responsibility and ethical behavior MPCs&LG, CEA Number of awareness x x x through education programmes conducted Waste Sector INDCs-8 8. Systematic management of industrial/hazardous and clinical waste management Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 71 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify industrial/hazardous and clinical waste MPCs&LG, CEA Number of x x x sources industrial/hazardous and clinical waste sources identified 2 Conduct gap analysis of the system MPCs&LG, CEA Number of gaps identified x x x 3 Fill identified gaps MPCs&LG, CEA Number of gaps filled x x x 4 Develop infrastructure MPCs&LG, CEA Number of infrastructure x x x developed 5 Develop a efficient collection system MPCs&LG, CEA Number of collection x x x systems developed 6 Create a mechanism for recognizing and publishing MPCs&LG, CEA A Mechanism developed x x x R &D activities, findings and applications 7 Facilitate technology transfer through adaptive MPCs&LG, CEA Number of transferred x x x R&D technologies 8 Prepare a database MPCs&LG, CEA Database in place x x x 9 Develop the MRV systems for waste MPCs&LG, CEA MRV system established x x x 11 Minimize occupational health hazards and risk MPCs&LG, CEA Percentage of health x x x hazards minimized 12 Conduct capacity building programmes for MPCs&LG, CEA Number of capacity x x x workers building programmes conducted 13 Upgrade regulations and guidelines on MPCs&LG, CEA Number of guidelines x x x industrial/hazardous and clinical waste updated 72 Adaptation In addressing adverse impacts of climate change, adaptation is very important to developing countries. Climate adaptation is widely defined as actions taken to moderate, cope or take advantage of experienced or anticipated changes in the climate. Adverse effects of climate change are becoming more frequent and intense and all countries are facing increased climate risks and adaptation needs. Paris Agreement and its relevant sections on adaptation present an unparalleled opportunity to elevate and advance climate adaptation. Accordingly, the Paris Agreement encouraged all parties to strengthen their cooperation on enhancing action on adaptation, taking into account Cancun Adaptation Framework (CAF) which could establish a clearer global vision for adaptation under the Convention; provide a framework for presenting national adaptation contributions to catalyse adaptation actions, streamline and enhance UNFCCC institutions; and mobilise resources to help particularly vulnerable developing countries to cope with climate impacts. Adaptation measures are required to address the potential impacts of climate change. Proper adaptation can prevent losses and damages while creating a conducive environment for low carbon development. The Adaptation INDCs of Sri Lanka have been developed in consultation with relevant stakeholders, based on the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCCAS) and the draft National Adaptation Plan for Climate Change Impacts in Sri Lanka (NAP). Consequently five major broader adaptation targets have been identified: 1. Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into national planning and development 2. Enabling climate resilient and healthy human settlements 3. Minimising climate change impacts on food security 4. Improving climate resilience of key economic drives 5. Safeguarding natural resources and biodiversity from climate change impacts The most vulnerable eight sectors to adverse effects of climate change have been identified under the INDCs on the sectors relating to adaptation, including health, food security (agriculture, livestock and fisheries), water, irrigation, coastal and marine, biodiversity, tourism and recreation, and urban, city planning and human settlements. 73 74 75 76 Introduction Climate change is predicted to create significant impacts in the health sector. Studies around the world have revealed the possibility of increasing health hazards with the changing climate patterns. Vector borne diseases have been predicted to be a significant public health problem linked with impacts of climate change. Several countries have reported a rising number of fatalities due to heat waves disasters. Sri Lanka has reported relatively high achievements in the health sector compared with other developing nations. In spite of that, the country has recently experienced outbreaks of diseases which are closely connected with the environment and weather patterns. Seasonal outbreaks of Dengue are a prime example for this. Additionally, extreme weather conditions can lead to disasters causing injuries and fatalities. Sri Lanka has an ageing population which would particularly be vulnerable to climate related health hazards. Hence, serious efforts towards adaptation against potential health hazards associated with climate change need to be given high priority in the health sector. 1. INDCs of Health Sector 1. Establish clinical waste disposal systems to all hospitals in Sri Lanka in collaboration with relevant agencies

1.1 Establish solid clinical waste disposal systems

1.2 Establish liquid clinical waste disposal systems 2. Control of vector borne and rodent borne diseases (Dengue, Malaria, Leptospirosis)

2.1 Control of dengue

2.1.1 Improve the solid waste management system by local authorities including recycling of non-degradable items 2.1.2 Implement integrated vector control methods 2.1.3 Redesign housing structures to prevent breeding of mosquitoes

2.1.4 Strengthen diseases and vector surveillance systems 2.2 Maintain the malaria-free status 2.2.1 Surveillance and screening of all forms of migrants from malaria endemic areas

2.2.2 Establish an early and rapid response system in the event of outbreaks 2.3 Control of Leptospirosis 2.3.1 Continue prophylactic treatment for farmers 2.3.2 Continue farmer education on prevention and prophylactic treatment

2.3.3 Continue the surveillance system including Global Positioning System (GPS).

2.4 Establish early warning systems for vector borne and rodent borne diseases using and networking for information exchange on extreme weather events to reduce climate induced health impacts (in highly vector borne disease prone areas) 77 3 Control of food borne and water borne diseases including Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) such as Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown origin (CKDu) and mental diseases which can increase due to extreme heat and drought.

3.1 Strengthen/establish a laboratory system for analysis of chemicals including agrochemical residues and microbiology.

3.2 Strengthen the water quality surveillance system and strengthen the disease surveillance system 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policy INDCs Number 1 Strengthen the clinical waste disposal system 1, 1.1, 1.2 to ensure proper management of waste 2 Enhance resilience to combat climate induced 2, 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, vector borne diseases 2.2, 2.2.1, 2.2.2 2.3, 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3 2.4 3 Reduce food borne and water borne diseases 3, 3.1, 3.2 including NCDs 78 3. Readiness Action Plan Health sector INDCs-1 1. Establish clinical waste disposal systems for all hospitals in Sri Lanka in collaboration with relevant agencies Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct assessment on the clinical waste disposal Ministry of Health Final report 100% system in Sri Lanka at present and finalise report (MoH) 2 Develop a policy on Health Care Waste Management MoH Finalised policy on HCWM 75% 100% (HCWM) for Sri Lanka 3 Develop an action plan for HCWM for Sri Lanka MoH Finalised action plan on HCWM 75% 100% 4 Develop guidelines for solid and liquid clinical waste MoH Finalised guidelines for clinical solid 50% 75% 100% management waste management and clinical liquid waste management 5 Assess financial requirements MoH Finalised financial plan 30% 100% 6 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs MoH Technology needs assessment report 40% 80% 100% 79 and etc) 7 Develop an implementation plan on HCWM MoH Finalised implementation plan on 40% 80% 100% HCWM 8 Conduct R&D on HCWM MoH Research reports 40% 70% 100% 9 Develop a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plan for MoH Finalised M&E plan for HCWM 40% 70% 100% HCWM 10 Carry out training of staff for implementation and MoH Number of staff trained 30% 60% 100% monitoring of the system Number of training workshops conducted 11 Establish standards for effluents etc. MoH and CEA Gazette standards related to final 30% 60% 100% disposal of waste 2. Control of vector borne and rodent borne diseases (Dengue, Malaria, Leptospirosis etc.) 2.1Control of Dengue

2.1.1 Improve solid waste management systems by LAs including recycling of non-degradable items

2.1.2 Implement integrated vector control methods

2.1.3 Redesign housing structures to prevent breeding of mosquitoes

2.1.4 Strengthen disease and vector surveillance systems

2.2 Maintain the malaria-free status

2.2.1 Surveillance and screening of all forms of migrants from malaria endemic areas Health sector INDCs-2

2.2.2 Establish early and rapid response systems in the event of outbreaks

2.3 Control of Leptospirosis

2.3.1 Continue prophylactic treatment for farmers

2.3.2 Continue farmer education on prevention and prophylactic treatment

2.3.3 Continue the surveillance system including GPS

2.4 Establish early warning systems for vector borne and rodent borne diseases using and networking for information exchange on extreme weather events to reduce climate induced health impacts (in highly vector borne disease prone areas) 80 Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Study the current patterns of vector borne and rodent MoH Finalised report 80% 100% borne diseases in Sri Lanka 2 Strengthen the vector borne and rodent borne MoH Strengthened surveillance system 40% 80% 100% surveillance system in Sri Lanka 3 Strengthen inter-sectoral coordination with LAs and the MoH Number of steering committee 100% Ministry of Health at district, provincial and national meetings held per annum level in relation to solid waste management 4 Assess critical factors for controlling climate-induced MoH Finalised report 50% 100% vector and rodent borne disease incidents 5 Identify plausible strategies to manage climate-induced MoH Finalised report 50% 100% disease incidents 6 Prepare vulnerability maps on climate related health MoH Availability of vulnerability maps 50% 100% hazards 7 Implement integrated vector control methods MoH Availability of functioning 40% 80% 100% integrated vector control methods 8 Identify the adequacy of policies to implement the MoH Finalised report 40% 70% 100% control of vector and rodent borne diseases 9 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to MoH Finalised report 50% 100% implement the INDCs 10 Prepare national guidelines on redesigning of building MoH Prepared national guidelines 50% 100% structures to prevent breeding of mosquitoes 11 Calculate financial requirements MoH Finalised report 40% 80% 100% 12 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs MoH Finalised report 40% 80% 100% and etc) 13 Promote R&D on vector borne diseases in relation to MoH Number of research studies 40% 80% 100% climatic factors conducted 14 Prepare strategic plans for controlling vector borne MoH Finalised strategic plans 70% 100% diseases 15 Conduct research studies to assess the impact of MoH Finalised research reports 40% 75% 100& climate change on prevalence and spread of - Vector borne diseases 81 - Climate induced communicable diseases 16 Establish a mechanism for sharing meteorological , MoH Established mechanism 50% 100 clinical and entomological information 17 Promotion of R&D on vector management using Indigenous Medicine Finalised research studies 50% 70% 100% indigenous plants 3. Control of food borne and water borne diseases including Non Communicable Diseases such as Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown origin and mental diseases which can increase due to extreme heat and drought Health sector INDCs-3 3.1 Strengthen/ establish a laboratory system for analysis of chemicals including agrochemical residues and microbiology

3.2 Strengthen the water quality surveillance system and disease surveillance system Action Responsible Output Indicators Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Study the current status of food borne and water borne MoH Finalised report 70% 100% diseases including climate sensitive NCDs 2 Risk prediction on CKDU considering climatic factors MoH Finalised report 60% 100% 3 Conduct research studies on heat/thermal stress on MoH Finalised report 50% 100% human health 4 Identify and assess MoH Finalised report 60% 100% -Diagnostic tools and treatment procedures 5 Increase public awareness on health risks of increasing MoH Number of sessions conducted 50% 70% 100% 82 temperatures 6 Develop disaster risk preparedness guidelines for MoH Finalised guidelines 60% 100% health workers in vulnerable areas 7 Increase the knowledge and awareness on health MoH Number of sessions conducted 50% 70% 100% impacts of extreme weather events/ heat events among public health staff 8 Improve coordination between disaster management MoH Number of meetings held per 100% and health management agencies annum 9 Identify the adequacy of policies to implement the MoH Finalised report 80% 100% relevant INDCs 10 Prepare plans to strengthen analytical facilities in the MoH Finalised report 50% 70% 100% health sector 11 Design a plan to strengthen the water quality MoH Finalised plan 50% 70% 100% surveillance system 12 Calculate financial requirements to implement the MoH Finalised report 70% 100% INDCs identified under this area 13 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs MoH Finalised report 70% 100% and etc) 14 Prepare a full project implementation plan to MoH Finalised plan 70% 100% implement the INDCs in all three areas 15 Prepare the Bill of Quantity (BoQ) for the plan MoH Finalised BoQ 70% 100% 16 Assess critical factors for controlling climate-induced MoH Finalised report 60% 100% disease incidents 17 Identify plausible strategies for management of MoH A report with identified strategies 60% 100% climate-induced disease incidents and natural disasters with relevant stakeholders 83 Food Security Food Security is one of the most vulnerable areas to adverse effects of climate change in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka’s INDCs on food security consist of three major areas. These are agriculture, livestock and fisheries. Climate change will affect these areas through the impacts it has on food security, food availability, food accessibility, food utilization and food system stability. It will also impact human life in many ways, including human health, livelihoods assets, food production and distribution channels as well as changing purchasing power and market flow. Adverse effects of climate change will have both short term as well as long term implications. Short term impacts resulting from more frequent and more intense extreme weather events, and long term impacts caused by changing temperature and precipitation patterns. Sri Lanka as an agriculture based country faces greater consequences of extreme weather events due to temperature rise in the dry zone and higher precipitation in the wet zone, as well as changing of seasonal rainfall patterns on both zones, the dry and wet zones. Livelihood systems those are already vulnerable to food insecurity face immediate risk of increased crop failure, net pattern of pests and diseases, lack of appropriate seeds and planting materials, and loss of livestock. Coastal communities depend on fisheries and fish farmers involved in aquaculture are already profoundly affected by climate change wherein rising sea levels, ocean acidification and floods are among impacts that are felt. Climate change is modifying the distribution and productivity of marine and fresh water species and is already affecting biological processes and altering food webs. The impacts this has on sustainability of aquatic ecosystem for fisheries and aquaculture are highly adverse. 84 85 86 Introduction Sri Lanka is an agriculture based country with agriculture remaining a key component of the economy as well as the island’s cultural base. It is also one of the key sectors on which the impacts of climate change have adverse effects. Agriculture, especially crop production, is highly dependent on the prevailing weather conditions and therefore is highly sensitive to climate change, both short-term and long-term. It is imperative that a well-coordinated and sustained effort is set in motion to increase the capacity of Sri Lankan agriculture to adapt to short and long-term impacts of climate change. In order to reach this, a clear policy framework identifying the measures to be pursued and the roles of different stakeholders is needed for allocating and channeling the necessary financial and human resources for successful adaptation to climate change in the agriculture sector. 1. INDCs of Agriculture Sector 1. Promote/introduce/develop Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices to minimize pest damages to improve environmental impacts and health

1.1 Introduce environmentally friendly bio-degradable pesticides for IPM.

1.2 Introduce /promote/develop suitable bio-pesticides and bio control agents for IPM.

1.3 Introduce /promote/develop post-harvest management with environmentally friendly technology packages. 2. Develop/introduce varieties resistant/tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses arising from climate change 2.1 Introduce/promote/develop heat tolerant varieties 2.2 Introduce/promote/develop drought tolerant varieties

2.3 Introduce /promote/ develop flood tolerant varieties 2.4 Introduce /promote/ develop salt tolerant varieties

2.4 Develop and promote mature varieties 3. Re-demarcating Agro Ecological Regions (AERS) maps of Sri Lanka with current climate and future climate and recommend appropriate crops for different areas to reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts. 4. Introduce suitable land and water management practices for central highlands and other marginal areas to minimize land degradation and to improve the land and water productivity.

4.1. Adaptation of Soil Conservation Act to sustain land productivity. 87 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policy INDCs Number 1 Enhance crop resilience for pest through IPM practices 1 2 Develop/introduce resistant/tolerant crop varieties for 2 climate induced damages 3 Combating climate damages and impacts on agriculture 3 through updating of Agro Ecological Zones (AEZ), and identify the best climate zones for different crops, and identify best possible times 4 Enhance the land and water management practices in central 4 highlands and other marginal areas 88 3. Readiness Action Plan 1. Promote/introduce/develop IPM practices to minimise pest damages to improve environmental impacts and health Agriculture sector INDCs-1 1.1 Introduce environmentally friendly bio degradable pesticides for IPM

1.2 Introduce /promote/develop suitable bio pesticides and bio control agents for IPM

1.3 Introduce /promote/develop post-harvest management with environmentally friendly technology packages Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct research and development studies to develop IPM DOA, CRI, RRI, TRI, Number of packages practices Universities 2 Identify suitable areas and package of practices for DOA, crop institutes, DAD Number of crops different crops identified 3 Identify production facilities and formulations DOA, private sector Number of products/formulations 89 4 Identify the transport and storing mechanism DOA, private sector Adequate storage and transport 5 Produce and supply required amount of ingredients MOA, DOA, private sector Adequacy of raw material 6 Develop application models DOA, crop institutes Number of developed models 7 Establish the market mechanism for the proposed products DOA, MOA, private sector Well established market structure 8 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and MOA, MMD&E Survey results amendment of policies if needed 9 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement the MOA, DOA, crop Survey results INDCs institutes 10 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to MMD&E, MOA, DOA Identified capacity implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly building need 11 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs and MMD&E, MOA, DOA Technology needs etc) identified 12 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and MMD&E, MOA, DOA Financial needs identified unconditional) 13 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement MMD&E, MOA, DOA Finalized plan the INDCs implemented 14 Prepare the BoQ for the Plan MMD&E, MOA, DOA Prepared BoQ plan 2. Develop/introduce varieties resistant/tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses arising from climate change

2.1 Introduce/promote/develop heat tolerant varieties

2.2 Introduce/promote/develop drought tolerant varieties Agriculture sector INDCs-2 2.3 Introduce /promote/ develop flood tolerant varieties

2.4 Introduce /promote/ develop salt tolerant varieties

2.4 Develop and promote mature varieties Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify affected areas and reasons for crop damage and NRMC of DOA, Finalised map mapping LUPPD,DOM, 90 2 Conduct research and development to develop varieties DOA, Crop Institutes Number of varieties developed 3 Carry out adoptability testing in farmers’ fields DOA, Crop Institutes, Number of farmers PDoA involved in different AER 4 Establish planting material/seeds production facilities DOA, PDoA, private sector Availability of certified seeds 5 Identify a transport and storing mechanism DOA, private sector Proper transport and adequate storage 6 Conserve seeds and germplasm DOA Conserved number of lines 7 Develop the distribution modality to disseminate among DOA, MOA The lists of seeds affected areas distributed 8 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and MOA, DOA Finalized policy analysis, amendment of policies if necessary and amendments made 9 Identify responsible institutions to implement the INDCs MOA Number of identified institutions 10 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to implement MOA Identified capacity the INDCs and build capacity accordingly building need 11 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs and DOA, private sector, PDoA Technology needs etc) identified 12 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and DOA, private sector, PDoA Financial needs identified unconditional) 13 Prepare a full project implementation plan in-order to MOA, MMD&E, DOA Finalized implementation implement the INDCs plan 14 Prepare the BoQ for the Plan MOA Prepared BoQ plan 15 Improve technical capacity of research/extension staff MOA, DOA, Crop Number of capacity institutes, universities building prgrammes conducted 3. Re-demarcating AER maps of Sri Lanka with current climate and future climate, and recommend Agriculture sector INDCs-3 appropriate crops for different areas to reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts 91 Action Responsible Agencies KPI Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Study the current status of AERs and find the gaps NRMC (DOA), DOM Identified technical gaps in AERs 2 Conduct the studies and collect the required information DOA Available data Establish spatial and temporal variation of drought and DOA Finalised maps floods based on AEZs 3 Purchase relevant data such as satellite images and DOA, DOM Available data rainfall data 4 Analyse data DOA Completed analysis 5 Prepare sample maps DOA Finalised maps 6 Conduct validation studies DOA, PDoA Successful production 7 Identify adequacy of policies to implement the INDCs DOA, MOA Policy analysis report 8 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and amend DOA, MOA, Revised policies policies if necessary 9 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MOA, DOA, MMD&E Number of identified the INDCs institutions 10 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to implement MOA, MMD&E Identified capacity the INDCs and build capacity accordingly building needs 11 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs and MOA, DOA Technology needs etc) identified 12 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and MOA, DOA Financial needs identified unconditional) 13 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement MOA, DOA Finalized plan the INDCs 14 Prepare the BoQ for the Plan MOA, DOA Prepared BoQ plan 4. Introduce suitable land and water management practices for central highlands and other marginal areas to Agriculture sector INDCs-4 minimize land degradation and to improve the land and water productivity

4.1. Adaptation of Soil Conservation Act to sustain land productivity Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 92 1 Identify degraded lands and vulnerable areas for NRMC(DOA) Number of hectares of degradation and mapping land identified 2 Calculate target areas to be covered through the INDCs DOA, PDoA Extent Identified 3 Identify institutional collaboration gaps for DOA Number of gaps implementation of INDCs identified 4 Develop suitable management practices through research DOA Number of packages 5 Run the pilot application as the experiment model to get DOA, PDoA Number of feedback demonstration 6 Improve knowledge on land conservation and water DOA, PDoA Number of management officers/farmers trained 7 Identify best land and water management practices DOA, DAD,ID Number of packages 8 Provide information to relevant stakeholders who DOA, PDoA, Hadabima Number of stakeholders cultivate in the central highlands and other marginal information received lands 9 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and DOA, MOA Number of gaps amendment policies if necessary identified, and amendments made 10 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement DOA, MOA Number of identified such INDCs institutions 11 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to implement DOA, MOA Identified capacity such INDCs and build capacity accordingly building needs 12 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs and DOA, MOA Technology needs etc) identified 13 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and DOA, MOA Financial needs unconditional) identified 14 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement DOA, MOA Finalized plan the INDCs 15 Prepare the BoQ for the Plan DOA, MOA Prepared BoQ plan 93 94 95 96 Introduction Livestock is an integral part of the agricultural economy in Sri Lanka and it enhances food security, reduces malnutrition and poverty. There are approximately 500,000 families directly engaged in the livestock sector in dairy, poultry, goat, swine and other livestock. Dairy industry is earmarked as the priority area for investment and development in the livestock sector. The development programs launched by the Ministry of Livestock and Rural Community Development enabled the country to reach 40% self-sufficiency in local milk production. There is an increase of milk production by 15.85 % from 258.3 million litres in 2011 to 299.25 million litres in 2012.Collection of milk also has increased by 27.7% from 143.7 million litres in 2011 to 183.58 million litres in 2012. A major driving factor of dynamics in livestock of Sri Lanka appears to be climatic variability. The rising temperature and uncertainties in rainfall associated with global warming are likely to increase the frequency and magnitude of climate variability and extremes. Further, changes in climate would also increase the risk of unexpected changes in nature and environment. The key risks from climate change to livestock are increased incidence of drought, flood and heat that impact the livestock and the livestock industry. In this context, Sri Lanka identified the following INDCs for the livestock sector in order to build resilience in the livestock sector to meet adverse impacts of climate change. 1. INDCs of Livestock Sector 1. Identify vulnerabilities in the livestock sector 1.1 Establish data on vulnerabilities to climate change 1.1.1 Identify vulnerabilities in livestock species

1.1.2 Identify vulnerabilities in agro-climate areas 1.1.3 Identify vulnerabilities in farming communities 1.1.4 Identify vulnerabilities in production systems 1.1.5 Identify vulnerabilities in processing pathways 2. Introduce adoptive measures to avoid or minimize adverse effects 2.1 Identify adverse impacts on animal production systems 2.1.1 Identify specific adverse impacts on animal production systems 2.2 Identify adverse impacts on processing 2.2.1 Identify stage-wise adverse effects on processing

2.3 Collect and conserve traditional knowledge and practices 2.3.1 Conduct and disseminate surveyed results to stakeholders 2.4 Introduce technological innovations 2.4.1 Encourage innovations 2.4.2 Disseminate knowledge on technological innovation through extension 3. Mitigate GHG emissions by adopting smart and green livestock practices 3.1 Introduce alternative measures to minimise adverse effects of climate change 3.1.1 Identify alternative measures to minimise adverse effects of climate change 97 3.1.2 Disseminate knowledge

3.2 Explore potential clean and renewable energy sources for livestock related activities 3.2.1 Identify potential clean & renewable energy sources 3.2.2 Increase accessibility to alternative energy services 3.3 Adapt integrated waste management systems 4. Promote responsible consumption and sustainable production 4.1 Promote green livestock procedures & processing techniques 4. 1.1 Conduct promotional programs to popularise green livestock procedures & processing techniques 4.2 Promote consumption of green livestock produce 4.2.1 Conduct promotional programmes for consumption of green livestock produce 5. Enhance education, awareness and capacity building 5.1 Conduct awareness & educational programmes on smart green livestock activities 5.1.1 Introduce smart green livestock activities

5.1.2 Promote smart green livestock activities 5.2 Promote emerging green technologies

5.3 Identify and encourage the exchange of novel technologies Note Newly proposed INDCs 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policy INDCs Number 1 Enhance feeding practices by considering agro climatic zones 1 in Sri Lanka 2 Reduce GHG generation through waste management practices 2 3 Enhance soil fertility by proper livestock management 3 4 Introduce climate tolerant breeding varieties 4 5 Reduce diseases related to climate change on livestock 5 6 Establish early warning systems to combat hazard to livestock 6 and poultry 98 3. Readiness Action Plan 1.Identify vulnerabilities in the livestock sector

1.1 Establish data on vulnerabilities to climate change

1.1.1 Identify vulnerabilities in livestock species Livestock sector INDCs-1 1.1.2 Identify vulnerabilities in agro-climate areas

1.1.3 Identify vulnerabilities in farming communities

1.1.4 Identify vulnerabilities in production systems

1.1.5 Identify vulnerabilities in processing pathways Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct a baseline survey DAPH/PDAPH Number of studies conducted 22 2 2 2 Identify vulnerabilities DAPH/PDoA Number of vulnerabilities 2 0 0 identified 2 Mapping & reporting DAPH/PDAPH Number of reports produced 4 1 1 99 3 Dissemination of information DAPH/PDAPH Number of sources for 3 1 1 dissemination Total 27 4 4 2. Introduce adoptive measures to avoid or minimize adverse effects

2.1 Identify adverse impacts on animal production systems

2.1.1 Identify specific adverse impacts on animal production systems

2.2 Identify adverse impacts on processing

2.2.1 Identify stage-wise adverse effects on processing Livestock sector INDCs-2 2.3 Collect and conserve traditional knowledge and practices

2.3.1 Conduct and disseminate surveyed results to stakeholders

2.4 Introduce technological innovations

2.4.1 Encourage innovations

2.4.2 Disseminate knowledge on technological innovation through extension Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct pilot studies to identify adverse impacts of DAPH/PDAPH Number of studies conducted 2 0.1 0.05 climatic change on animal production systems and processing chains 2 Conduct descriptive and analytical studies based on DAPH/PDAPH Number of studies conducted 5.5 0.5 0.5 100 findings of the pilot studies 3 Disseminate information DAPH/PDAPH Number of meetings conducted 1 1 1 4 Conduct surveys to gather information on DAPH/PDAPH Number of surveys conducted 1 0.5 0.5 traditional knowledge 5 Establish facility to facilitate innovations DAPH/PDAPH Number of innovations 5 5 5 facilitated 6 Promote technological innovations island wide DAPH/PDAPH Number of programs conducted 0.5 0.5 0.5 7 Disseminate information through extension DAPH/PDAPH Number of programs conducted 0.5 0.5 0.5 Total 15.5 8.1 8.05 3. Mitigate GHG emissions by adopting smart and green livestock practices

3.1 Introduce alternative measures to minimise adverse effects of climate change

3.1.1 Identify alternative measures to minimise adverse effects of climate change

3.1.2 Disseminate knowledge Livestock sector INDCs-3 3.2 Explore potential clean and renewable energy sources for livestock related activities

3.2.1 Identify potential clean & renewable energy sources

3.2.2 Increase accessibility to alternative energy services

3.3 Adapt integrated waste management systems Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct descriptive and analytical studies to gather DAPH/PDAPH Number of studies conducted alternative measures 2 Analyse the alternatives and select the best options DAPH/PDAPH Number of options analyzed 3 Conduct training and awareness programmes DAPH/PDAPH Number of training programs 18 1.0 1.5 conducted 4 Monitor and evaluate alternate practices DAPH/PDAPH Number of practices monitored 101 and evaluated 5 Explore new potential clean & renewable energy DAPH/PDAPH Number of identified/promoted sources through studies renewable energy sources 0.5 0.25 0.25 6 Promote utilization of suitable renewable energy DAPH/PDAPH/MREA sources 7 Conduct impact evaluation DAPH/PDAPH Number of cases conducted 8 Study the potential of integrated waste management DAPH/PDAPH Number of studies conducted systems 13.0 5.0 4.5 Total 31.5 6.25 6.25 4. Promote responsible consumption and sustainable production

4.1 Promote green livestock procedures & processing techniques Livestock sector INDCs-4 4. 1.1 Conduct promotional programs to popularise green livestock procedures & processing techniques

4.2 Promote consumption of green livestock produce

4.2.1 Conduct promotional programmes for consumption of green livestock produce Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct promotional programmess for green DAPH/PDAPH Number of programmes 1.0 0.5 0.5 livestock procedures conducted 2 Conduct promotional programmess to promote DAPH/PDAPH Number of programmes 2.0 1.0 1.0 consumption of green livestock produce conducted Total 3.0 1.5 1.5 5. Enhance education, awareness and capacity building

5.1 Conduct awareness & educational programmes on smart green livestock activities

5.1.1 Introduce smart green livestock activities 102 Livestock sector INDCs-5 5.1.2 Promote smart green livestock activities

5.2 Promote emerging green technologies

5.3 Identify and encourage the exchange of novel technologies Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct awareness and promotional programmes DAPH/PDAPH Number of programmes 2.0 1.5 1.5 conducted 2 Identify the incidences of using green technologies DAPH/PDAPH Number of incidences identified 7.0 5.2 5.2 3 Identify the events of using novel technologies DAPH/PDAPH Number of events identified 20.0 10.0 10.0 Total 29.0 16.7 16.7 Grand Total (Rs. Mn) 84.7 103 104 1. Marine environment and fisheries (Culture and Capture) Sri Lanka’s coastal region supports almost one third of its total population, slightly more than 10% of its population depend on fishing or related activities for their livelihood. Ocean warming and acidification exert a profound impact on the sensitive marine habitats and fisheries. As the oceans warm up, the ideal water temperature for the species shifts, which could result in fish stock diminishing or moving to different areas. Ocean acidification would make it more difficult for shellfish, crabs, lobsters and corals to build calcium carbonate shells. This could cause diminishing of their stock and – in the case of corals; destroying the habitat. Nearly all of Sri Lanka's reefs are located within 40 km from the coast, the coral reefs regenerated from 1998 bleaching is currently undergoing severe bleaching in the period between 2015-16. Primary produce, which are the base of food chain, are also susceptible to ocean warming, leading to a cascading impact on the fisheries. Warmer sea temperatures are also associated with the spread of invasive species and marine diseases, leading to possible forced migrations and even extinction of species. Ocean warming may result in exceeding the optimal range of tolerance of farmed food fish and ornamental fish. Furthermore, it may retard the growth and breeding pattern of culture species, while increasing the spread of diseases. 2. INDCs of Marine and fisheries (culture and capture) Sector 1. Establish a systematic monitoring system to assess ocean warming and acidification around Sri Lanka

1.1. Establish a national oceanographic data base.

1.2 Start required long term data collection programme to; x Monitor oceanographic parameters, including sea surface temperature x Monitor impact of extreme meteorological events, including coastal flooding and drought on the inland/coastal environment and resources x Status of marine sensitive habitats, including coral reefs x Fish stock and its distribution

1.3 Conduct laboratory/infield experiments to assess the impacts on fish maturity, breeding and growth

1.4 Acquire globally available technology for prediction and forecasting of ocean warming.

1.5 Enhance institutional capacity in monitoring of marine environment and resources, assessing climate induced socioeconomic impacts, prediction and planning 2. Identify the impacts on capture fisheries, farmed food fish, ornamental fish species and marine sensitive habitats.

2.1 Re-assess fish stocks periodically

2.2 Re-assess the status sensitive habitats periodically

2.3 Assess the impacts of extreme meteorological events on inland waters, source of aquaculture 105

2.4 Develop culture species of high temperature and disease tolerance

2.5 Assess the impacts of climate change and climate change induced extreme events on the socioeconomic status of the fishers and employed on fisheries related activities 3. Restore, conserve marine and inland fisheries resources

3.1 Develop marine fisheries resource management plans based on fish stock assessments

3.2 Identify breeding and spawning grounds/seasons for conservation

3.3 Conduct trial farming of new species

3.4 Identify mode of restoration of inland waters to continue/intensify aquaculture 4. Formulate tools for better management of inland/marine fisheries resources

4.1 Implement vessel monitoring system

4.2 Prohibit environmentally harmful fishing practices

4.3 Identify suitable marine/coastal sites for protection/conservations

4.4 Identify and introduce alternative livelihoods for fishermen and release stress on coastal fisheries

4.5 Restore inland waters and raise their storage capacity to continue with aquaculture, even during drought

4.6 Develop cascading water systems and transform seasonal reservoirs into perennial reservoirs by interconnecting reservoirs and rivers to sustain aquaculture

4.7 Develop technology to intensify aquaculture practices

4.8. Promote rain water harvesting, especially among the coastal community to overcome water crisis, including enhanced salt water intrusion

4.8 Promote mari-culture to overcome depleting coastal/marine fish resources Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development is currently in the process of developing “National Fisheries Policy and Master Plan” under the Sri Lanka – Norway Bilateral Cooperation. The proposed activities would be appropriately included into short, medium and long term activities in the Fisheries Master Plan. 106 3. INDCs of Fisheries Sector 1. Establish fish barricade devices for each perennial reservoir to prevent fish escape, in consultation with the Irrigation Department.

1.1 Identify vulnerable perennial reservoirs 1.2 Identify barricades and planning 1.3 Implement planning. 2. Cryopreserve for stocking fish sperms for artificial breeding.

2.1 Identify suitable species 2.2 establish storage facilities for cryopreservation 3. Convert existing open breeding facilities into indoor facilities and design same as at inception of construction to control temperature impacts.

3.1 Identify suitable locations 3.2 Develop facilities 4. Introduce appropriate fish fingerlings stocking programme for stock enhancement for culture fisheries. 4.1 Identify new reservoirs 4.2 Capacity development for fingerling breeding suitable to environmental status 5. Develop temperature tolerant species to aquaculture and promote mari-culture.

5.1 Identify suitable species 5.2 Capacity development for research & development 6. Minimise aquatic pollution due to water scarcity in lagoons and inland water bodies 6.1 Identify present status of aquatic pollution levels

6.2 Identify pollutants that make water sector vulnerable 6.3 Capacity building for research & development 6.4 Design and conduct awareness programmes 7. Increase the production capabilities of fisheries, aquatic resources in lagoons. 7.1 Conduct stock assessment of lagoons 7.2 Conduct capacity assessment

7.3 Assess primary productivity 7.4 Assess water quality

7.5 Conduct awareness programmes 107 4. Readiness Action Plan 1. Establish of fish barricade devices for each perennial reservoir to prevent fish escape, in consultation with Irrigation Department Fisheries Sector INDCs-1 1.1 Identify vulnerable perennial reservoirs

1.2 Identify barricades and planning

1.3 Implement planning Responsible Time Line Action KPI Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Study the existing situation of the fish barricade in SL NAQDA 2 Identify potential vulnerable reservoirs and perennial x NAQDA reservoirs 3 Design the fish barricade NAQDA x 4 Run the pilot study and get the feedback on it NAQDA x 5 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and x NAQDA amendment of policy if necessary 108 Considerable 6 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement the x NAQDA number of INDCs reservoirs with 7 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to implement x NAQDA barricade the INDC and build capacity accordingly devices are 8 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs, etc) NAQDA established x 9 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and x NAQDA unconditional) 10 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement the x NAQDA INDCs 11 Prepare the BoQ for the Plan NAQDA x 12 Select suitable contractor through procurement process NAQDA x 13 Construction works NAQDA x x 2. Cryopreserve for stocking fish sperms for artificial breeding Fisheries Sector INDCs-2 2.1 Identify suitable species 2.2 establish storage facilities for cryopreservation Responsible Time Line Action KPI Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify valuable fish species for artificial breeding NARA,NAQDA Fish sperm bank of the x 2 Research on effective breeding techniques NARA,NAQDA suitable fish species is x 3 Establish storage facilities for cryopreservation in NARA,NAQDA located x selected area 4 Establish commercial culturing facilities NARA,NAQDA x 5 Conduct the monitoring and feedback session NARA,NAQDA x 6 Select the possible areas to introduce stock and NARA,NAQDA x introduction 7 Identify responsible and other institutions to NARA,NAQDA x implement the INDCs 8 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to NARA,NAQDA x 109 implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly 9 Assess technology requirements (equipment needs, NARA,NAQDA x etc) 10 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NARA,NAQDA x unconditional) 11 Prepare a full project implementation plan to NARA,NAQDA x implement the INDCs 12 Implement the project NARA,NAQDA x x 3. Convert existing open breeding facilities into indoor facilities and design same as at inception of construction to control temperature impacts Fisheries Sector INDCs-3 3.1 Identify suitable locations

3.2 Develop facilities Responsible Time Line Action KPI Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Research on current breeding localities NAQDA,NARA Adequate indoor x 2 Identify suitable and possible locations to introduce NAQDA,NARA breeding facilities are x breeding facilities established 3 Maintain the rare and important brood stock for the NAQDA,NARA x x x breeding 4 Implement suitable mechanism for delivery NAQDA,NARA x x x 5 Identify the adequacy of policies to implement the NAQDA,NARA x INDCs 6 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement NAQDA,NARA x the INDCs 7 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to NAQDA,NARA x implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly 8 Assess technology requirements (equipment needs, NAQDA,NARA x etc) 9 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NAQDA,NARA x unconditional) 10 Prepare a full project implementation plan in-order to NAQDA x implement the INDCs 110 11 Select a suitable bidder through procurement process NAQDA x 12 Implement the project NAQDA x x 4. Introduce appropriate fish fingerlings stocking programme for stock enhancement for culture fisheries Fisheries Sector INDCs-4

4.1 Identify new reservoirs

4.2 Capacity development for fingerling breeding suitable to environmental status Responsible Time Line Action KPI Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Research on current breeding localities NARA,NAQDA Appropriate fish x 2 Identify suitable and possible localities to implement NARA,NAQDA fingerling stocks for x breeding facilities culture fisheries are 3 Maintain the rare and important brood-stock for the NAQDA available x breeding 4 Implement suitable mechanism for delivery NAQDA x 5 Identify the adequacy of policies to implement the NAQDA x INDCs 6 Identify responsible and other institutions to NAQDA x implement the INDCs 7 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to NAQDA x implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly 8 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs, NAQDA x etc) 9 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NAQDA x unconditional) 10 Prepare a full project implementation plan to NAQDA x implement the INDCs 11 Project implementation NAQDA x x 5. Develop temperature tolerant species to aquaculture and promote mari-culture 111 Fisheries Sector INDCs-5 5.1 Identify suitable species

5.2 Capacity development for research & development Responsible Time Line Action KPI Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify climate change impacts on fish species NARA Temperature tolerant x 2 Identify fish species to be developed as tolerant varieties NARA,NAQDA fish species are x 3 Develop tolerant varieties NAQDA developed for both x 4 Establish breeding facilities NAQDA the aquaculture and x 5 Introduce varieties to suitable locations NAQDA mari-culture x 6 Identify the adequacy of policies to implement the INDCs NAQDA x 7 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement the NAQDA x INDCs 8 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to NAQDA x implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly 9 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs, etc) NAQDA x 10 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NAQDA x unconditional) 11 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement NAQDA x the INDCs 12 Project implementation NAQDA x x 6. Minimize the aquatic pollution due to water scarcity in lagoons and inlands water bodies

6.1 Identify present status of aquatic pollution levels Fisheries Sector INDCs-6 6.2 Identify pollutants that make water sector vulnerable

6.3 Capacity building for research & development

6.4 Design and conduct awareness programmes Time Line Action Responsible Agencies KPI 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct a study on current status and identify NARA Aquatic pollution due to x pollution amount, generation locations and water scarcity in lagoons sources and inland water bodies 2 Design pollution reduction programmes such as NARA,NAQDA,DFAR are minimized x 112 awareness 3 Establish control mechanisms in all the fishing NARA,NAQDA,DFAR x sources such as lagoons and inland water bodies 4 Introduce community driven task force for NARA,NAQDA,DFAR x elimination of pollution for fishery sources 5 Identify the adequacy of policies to implement NARA,NAQDA,DFAR x the INDCs 6 Identify responsible and other institutions to NARA,NAQDA,DFAR x implement the INDCs 7 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity NARA,NAQDA,DFAR x to implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly 8 Assess technology requirements (equipment NARA,NAQDA,DFAR x needs, etc) 9 Calculate financial requirements (conditional NARA,NAQDA,DFAR x and unconditional) 10 Prepare a full project implementation plan to NARA,NAQDA,DFAR x implement the INDCs 11 Project implementation NARA,NAQDA,DFAR x x 7. Increase the production capabilities of fisheries, aquatic resources in lagoons

7.1 Conduct stock assessment of lagoons

7.2 Conduct capacity assessment Fisheries Sector INDCs-7 7.3 Assess primary productivity

7.4 Assess water quality

7.5 Conduct awareness programmes Responsible Time Line Action KPI Agencies 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct stock assessment of the lagoon and NARA,NAQDA Fishery production x estuaries capabilities of aquatic 2 Introduce suitable varieties if required NARA,NAQDA resources in lagoons are x 113 3 Introduce a programme to monitor environment NARA,NQDA,DFAR increased x factors in the lagoon 4 Identify the requirement of laboratory facilities in NARA,NQDA,DFAR x each location 5 Establish required laboratory facilities NARA,NQDA,DFAR x 6 Identify the adequacy of policies to implement the NARA,NQDA,DFAR x INDCs 7 Identify responsible and other institutions to NARA,NQDA,DFAR x implement the INDCs 8 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to NARA,NQDA,DFAR x implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly 9 Assess technology requirements (equipment needs, NARA,NQDA,DFAR x etc) 10 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NARA,NQDA,DFAR x unconditional) 11 Prepare a full project implementation plan to NARA,NQDA,DFAR x implement the INDCs 12 Project implementation NARA,NQDA,DFAR x x 114 115 116 Introduction Water resources are important to the survival of both society and ecosystems. Human needs are reliant on the availability and access to clean drinking water to sustain good health. Water is also a prime requirement for agriculture, energy production, navigation, recreation and manufacturing. The continued utilisation and demand for water puts pressure on water resources. These stresses that are likely to be exacerbated by climate change. In many areas climate change is likely to increase water demand while shrinking water supplies. This shifting balance would challenge water resources to simultaneously meet the needs of growing communities and sensitive ecosystems. The adverse impacts of climate change affect the inland water bodies highly as evidenced by prolonged droughts, flash floods and sea level rise. This vulnerability could be minimized through precautionary measures. Following INDCs for water sector have been identified as such precautionary actions; 1. INDCs of Water Sector 1. Establish erect sand bags across the river during the drought season to prevent saline water intrusion wherever intakes are subjected to saline water intrusion

1.1. Identify areas, design implementation and monitoring 2. Identify new water supply projects and schemes and implemented in areas with water scarcity

2.1. Assess and map the water scarcity areas of the country

2.2. Explore new water sources, identify alternative sources, implement schemes, design quantification and qualitative analysis etc 3. Water safety management plans for the entire country to overcome pollution and climate change related issues

3.1. Introduce modern techniques and management plans on climate change 4. Improve protection and conservation measures in all drinking water catchment areas 4.1. Establish island wide surface and ground water monitoring networks for long term monitoring of water levels, flow patterns, water quality 4.2. Enforce laws and regulations 5. Implement permanent water supply schemes with pipeline systems through new water supply schemes 5.1. Identify safe water sources qualitatively and other alternatives such as desalinization 6. Establish a few mobile laboratories to ensure safety during water supply

6.1. Onsite water quality monitoring system for more adequate measurement on toxicity, pesticide etc 7. Establish monitoring and recording of saline water intrusion into drinking water sources during the drought period. 7.1. Introduce an automated monitoring system 117 8. Establish the safety of water management facilities and minimize disturbances to water supply due to extreme weather events

8.1. Introduce a new management system focusing on community, awareness programmes and water supply plan 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policy INDCs Number 1 Improve water quality through the elimination of saline water 1 intrusion 2 Ensure continuous drinking water supply in drought prone 2 areas 3 Reduce adverse effects of climate change for drinking water 3 safety 4 Conserve water resources within the catchments areas 4 5 Ensure water supply to community through the introduction 5 of sustainable water supply methods 6 Enhance health conditions through improved water quality 6 7 Improve water quality through eliminating saline water 7 intrusion 8 Build resilience to adverse effects of climate change for 8 drinking water supply 118 3. Readiness Action Plan 1. Establish erect sand bags across the river during the drought season to prevent saline water intrusion wherever Water Sector INDCs-1 intakes are subjected to saline water intrusion

1.1 Identify areas, design implementation and monitoring Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify affected areas and forecast required time period ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB,CEA, Number of projects 25% 25% 50% in consultation with relevant organizations DMC, CC&CRMD 2 Establish salt water monitoring systems in selected ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, CEA, Number of projects 50% 25% 25% upstream of rivers DMC/CBOs,FOs, CC&CRMD 3 Establish a mechanism to introduce erect sand bags if ID, IMD, NWS&DB, CEA, Number of projects 50% 25% 25% required DMC,CBOs,FOs, CC&CRMD 4 Conduct research on best alternative techniques MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E. Number of research 20% 30% 50% conducted 5 Identify adequacy of policies to implement such INDCs MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E. An Evaluation report 100% 119 With the gap 6 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, CEA, Number of policy 50% 50% amend policies if necessary DMC,CBOs,FOs, CC&CRMD gaps identified and amended 7 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, ID, Number of 100% the INDCs IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, responsible CEA,DMC,CBOs,FOs, CC&CRMD authorities and institutions identified 8 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, ID, Report on required 20% 30% 50% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, CEA, capacity DMC,CBOs,FOs, CC&CRMD 9 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs, NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Technological 50% 50% etc) CBOs, CEA LAs, NCWSD, requirements CC&CRMD identified 10 Prepare a BoQ for the implementation plan NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of BoQs 50% 50% CBOs, CEA, LAs, NCWSD, CC&CRMD 11 Calculate financial requirements NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of estimates 30% 30% 40% CBOs, CEA LAs NCWSD, completed CC&CRMD 12 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Completed 50% 50% the INDCs NWSDB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, implementation plan CBOs, CEA LAs, NCWSD, CC&CRMD 2. Identify new water supply projects and schemes and implemented in areas with water scarcity Water Sector INDCs-2 2.1. Assess and map the water scarcity areas of the country

2.2. Explore new water sources, identify alternative sources, implement schemes, design quantification and qualitative analysis, etc Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify areas with water scarcity NWS&DB, ID, WRB, DWLC, Number of projects 25% 25% 50% NCWSD, MASL 120 2 Identify potential water sources NWS&DB, ID, IMD, WRB, MASL Number of sources 20% 30% 50% identified 3 Prepare a map indicating areas of water availability and NWS&DB, ID, WRB, DWLC, Number of maps 20% 30% 50% those which require water NCWSD, MASL prepared 4 Design water supply implementation mechanism NWS&DB, ID, WRB Number of designs 20% 30% 50% completed 5 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and amend MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of policy 50% 50% policies if necessary NWS&DB, ID, WRB, DWLC, gaps identified NCWSD, MASL 6 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of 20% 30% 50% the INDCs ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, institutions identified CEA,DMC/CBOs/FOs 7 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Report on capacity 100% the INDCs and build capacity accordingly ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, requirement CEA,DMC/CBOs/FOs 8 Calculate technology requirement (equipment needs and MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Technological 20% 30% 50% etc) ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, CEA, requirements DMC/CBOs/FOs identified 9 Prepare a BoQ for the plan NWSDB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of BoQs 50% 50% CBOs, CEA, LAs, NCWSD 10 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NWSDB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of estimates 30% 30% 40% unconditional) CBOs, CEA, LAs, NCWSD completed 11 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Completed 50% 50% the INDCs NWSDB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, implementation plan CBOs, CEA, LAs, NCWSD 3. Water safety management plans for the entire country to overcome pollution and climate change related issues Water Sector INDCs-3 3.1. Introduce modern techniques and management plans on climate change Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct surveys on pollution and climate change MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of surveys 20% 30% 50% related issues for water NWSDB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, completed CBOs, CEA, LAs, NCWSD, DOA, DM, IDB 121 2 Conduct research on safety management plans NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of research 20% 30% 50% CBOs, CEA, LAs, NCWSD, DOA, conducted DM, NBRO, GSMB, Universities and Other Research Institutions 3 Introduce safety management plans for most affected MI&WRM, MWS&D, NWS&DB, Number of safety 50% 50% areas ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, CBOs, CEA management plans LAs, NCWSD, DOA, DM, NBRO, introduced GSMB 5 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and amend MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of policy 50% 50% policy if necessary NWSDB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, gaps identified CEA LAs, NCWSD, DOA, DM, NBRO, GSMB 6 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of 20% 30% 50% the INDCs ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, institutions and CEA,DMC/CBOs/FOs responsible authorities identified 7 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Report on required 100% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, capacity CEA,DMC/CBOs/FOs 8 Calculate technology requirement (equipment needs and MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Technological 20% 30% 50% etc) ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, requirements CEA,DMC/CBOs/FOs identified 9 Prepare a BoQ for the plan NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of BoQs 50% 50% CBOs, CEA LAs, NCWSD 10 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NWSDB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of estimates 30% 30% 40% unconditional) CBOs, CEA LAs, NCWSD completed 11 Prepare a full project implementation to implement the MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Completed 50% 50% INDCs NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, implementation plan CBOs, CEA LAs, NCWSD 12 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of 20% 30% 50% the INDCs ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, institutions and CEA,DMC/CBOs/FOs responsible 122 authorities identified 4. Improve protection and conservation measures in all drinking water catchment areas

4.1. Establish island wide surface and ground water monitoring networks for long term monitoring of water levels, Water Sector INDCs-4 flow patterns, water quality

4.2. Enforce laws and regulations Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify catchment areas NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of catchment 25% 25% 50% CEA NCWSD, PC areas identified 2 Identify potential threats on catchment area NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of 25% 25% 50% CEA NCWSD, PC catchments identified 3 Map the entire catchment area NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of maps 25% 25% 50% CEA NCWSD, PC prepared 4 Introduce programmes to conserve the catchment NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, Number of 10% 30% 60% WRB,CEA NCWSD, PC programmes Introduced 5 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of policy 50% 50% amend policy if necessary NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, gaps identified and CEA LAs, NCWSD, DOA, DM, policies amended NBRO, GSMB 6 Identify responsible and other institutions to MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of 20% 30% 50% implement the INDCs ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, institutions and CEA,DMC/CBOs/FOs responsible authorities identified 7 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Report on Capacity 100% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, Requirements CEA,DMC/CBOs/FOs 8 Calculate technological requirement (equipment needs MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Technological 20% 30% 50% and etc) ID, IMD, WRB, NWS&DB, requirements CEA,DMC/CBOs/FOs identified 9 Prepare the BoQ for the plan NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of BoQs 50% 50% CBOs, CEA LAs, NCWSD 10 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of estimates 30% 30% 40% 123 unconditional) to implement the INDC CBOs, CEA LAs, NCWSD completed 11 Prepare a full project implementation plan to MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Completed 50% 50% implement the INDCs NWS&DB, ID, DSD, WRB, implementation plan NCWSD 12 Identify responsible and other institutions to MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of 20% 30% 50% implement the INDCs ID, WRB, NWS&DB, institutions and responsible authorities identified 5. Implement permanent water supply schemes with pipeline systems through new water supply schemes Water Sector INDCs-5

5.1. Identify safe water sources qualitatively and other alternatives such as desalinization Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify new permanent water supply schemes MWS&D, MI&WRM, NWSDB, Number of water 25% 25% 50% ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, CEA PC, supply schemes NCWSD identified 2 Identify drawbacks MI&WRM, MWS&D, NWSDB, Number of issues 30% 30% 40% ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, CEA PC, identified NCWSD 3 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and amend MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of policy 50% 50% policies if necessary NWSDB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, gaps identified and LAs, NCWSD, amendments made 4 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of 20% 30% 50% the INDCs NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, institutions and LAs, NCWSD, responsible authorities identified 5 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Report on capacity 100% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly LAs, NCWSD, requirement 6 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs and MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Technological 20% 30% 50% etc) NWSDB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, requirements NCWSD, identified 7 Prepare the BoQ for the plan NWS&DB, ID, DSD, WRB, Number of BoQs 50% 50% NCWSD 8 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NWS&DB, ID, DSD, Number of estimates 30% 30% 40% 124 unconditional) WRB,NCWSD completed 9 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Completed 50% 50% the INDCs NWS&DB, ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, implementation plan NCWSD 10 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of 20% 30% 50% the INDCs ID, WRB, NWS&DB, institutions and responsible authorities identified 6. Establish a few mobile laboratories to ensure safety during water supply Water Sector INDCs-6

6.1. Onsite water quality monitoring system for more adequate measurement on toxicity, pesticide, etc Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify water requirement and potential required areas WRB, CEA, NWS&DB Number of sensitive 25% 25% 50% areas identified 2 Compare various mobile laboratories available and select WRB, CEA, NWS&DB Number of mobile 60% 20% 20% suitable model for Sri Lanka units selected 3 Identify required monitoring parameters WRB, CEA, NWS&DB Number of 100% monitoring parameters identified 4 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and amend MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of policy 50% 50% policies if necessary WRB, CEA, NWS&DB gaps identified and amended 5 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of 20% 30% 50% the INDCs WRB, CEA, NWS&DB institutions and responsible authorities identified 6 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Report on capacity 100% the INDCs and build capacity accordingly WRB, CEA, NWS&DB requirement 7 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs and MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Technological 20% 30% 50% etc) WRB, CEA, NWS&DB requirements identified 8 Prepare the BoQ for the plan WRB, CEA, NWS&DB Number of BoQs 50% 50% 125 9 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and WRB, CEA, NWS&DB Number of estimates 30% 30% 40% unconditional) completed 10 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Completed 50% 50% the INDCs WRB, CEA, NWS&DB implementation plan 11 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, MMD&E, Number of 20% 30% 50% the INDCs WRB, CEA, NWS&DB institutions and responsible authorities identified 7. Establish monitoring and recording of saline water intrusion into drinking water sources during the Water Sector INDCs-7 drought period

7.1. Introduce an automated monitoring system Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify intrusion areas and required time period WRB, NWS&DB, CEA, Number of areas 25% 25% 50% CC&CRMD identified 2 Conduct research on alternative techniques WRB, NWS&DB, CEA, Number of alternative 30% 30% 40% CC&CRMD, Universities and other techniques identified research institutions 3 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and amend MI&WRM, MWS&D, WRB, Number of policy 50% 50% policies if necessary NWS&DB, CEA, CC&CRMD gaps identified and amended 4 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, WRB, Number of 20% 30% 50% the INDCs NWS&DB, CEA, CC&CRMD institutions and responsible authorities identified 5 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to MI&WRM, MWS&D, WRB, Report on capacity 100% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly NWS&DB, CEA, CC&CRMD requirement 6 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs and MI&WRM, MWS&D, WRB, Technological 20% 30% 50% etc) NWS&DB, CEA, CC&CRMD requirements identified 7 Prepare the BoQ for the plan WRB, NWS&DB, CEA, Number of BoQs 50% 50% CC&CRMD 8 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and WRB, NWS&DB, CEA, Number of estimates 30% 30% 40% 126 unconditional) CC&CRMD completed 9 Prepare a full project implementation to implement the MI&WRM, MWS&D, WRB, Completed 50% 50% INDCs NWS&DB, CEA, CC&CRMD implementation plan 10 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement MI&WRM, MWS&D, WRB, Number of 20% 30% 50% the INDCs NWS&DB, CEA, CC&CRMD institutions 8. Establish the safety of water management facilities and minimize disturbances to water supply due to extreme weather events Water Sector INDCs-8

8.1. Introduce a new management system focusing on community, awareness programmes and water supply plan Time Line Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify current water distribution lines NWS&DB Number of 50% 50% distribution lines identified 2 Introduce a new management system NWS&DB, MWS&D Number of system 50% 50% established 3 Identify potential disturbances NWS&DB Number of categories 50% 50% identified 4 Introduce the implementation plan to address the NWS&DB Number of categories 50% 50% minimization of disturbances minimized 5 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and amend NWS&DB, MCPWS Policy gaps 50% 50% policies if necessary minimized, and policies amended 6 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement NWS&DB Number of 100% the INDCs organizations identified 7 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to implement NWS&DB, MCPWS Areas of capacity 50% 50% the INDCs and build capacity accordingly improvement needed 8 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs and NWS&DB, MCPWS Technological 100% etc) requirements identified 9 Prepare the BoQ for the plan NWS&DB, MCPWS Prepared BoQ Plan 100% 10 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and NWS&DB, MCPWS Financial needs 50% 50% 127 unconditional) identified 11 Prepare the full project implementation plan to NWS&DB, MCPWS Finalized plan 25% 50% 25% implement the INDCs 12 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement NWS&DB, MCPWS Number of identified 50% 50% the INDCs institutes 128 129 130 Introduction Water management is a crucial task that needs to adapt in the face of both climate change impacts and socio-economic pressures. The best water management practices which increase the productivity of water irrigation may provide significant adaptation potential for all land production systems. Further, improvements in irrigation efficiency are critical to ensure the availability of water both for food production and for competing human and environmental needs in preparing for future climate change risks. Sri Lanka’s inland water bodies are the most important supplier of water for agriculture, wherein the irrigated waters are vital for enhancing productivity of the sector. The impacts of temperature increase on water availability include increased rates of evaporation and vapours-transpiration. Due to this, during drought periods water availability for irrigation will be affected due to high evaporation rates. This is especially true for the dry zone tanks and rivers. Increased evaporation and transpiration can also reduce soil moisture, stream flow and groundwater re-charge, thereby diminishing water available for food production, and increasing the irrigation requirement. Adaptation measures in this context are critical for Sri Lanka as more than 65% of agricultural lands are located in the dry zone where water scarcity exists. 1. INDCs of Irrigation Sector 1. Restore and rehabilitate all abandoned tanks and irrigation canals of Sri Lanka. 1.1 Identify tanks and canals to be rehabilitated in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.

1.2 Prepare a cost estimation and implementation plan by identifying national capacity and international support. 1.3 Identify tanks and canals to be rehabilitated in other areas of the country. 2. Establish water flow and sediment loads monitoring systems in selected streams in the central highlands. 2.1 Location identification and designing of gage stations.

2.2 Purchasing modern equipment to measure the sediment load. 2.3 Establish gage in identified location.

2.4 Calibration, data collection, data analysing, etc. 3. Introduce boreholes/tube wells as a drought intervention for domestic water supply. 3.1 Identify high quality and potential ground water sources and aquifers.

3.2 Construct tube wells; pump testing, water quality testing to determine water quality and quantity. 3.3 Implement irrigated water schemes where possible 4. Enhance productivity of irrigation water use by introducing improved on-farm water application technologies. 4.1 Introduce water saving applications like water micro irrigation system (sprinkle) and water saving crops. 4.2 Farmer training and awareness on water saving applications 5. Assess river floods and mitigation measures and early warning systems for possible flash floods. 131

5.1 Collect the rainfall data and river flow

5.2 Prepare digital elevation maps 5.3 Capacity building programs for new technological applications

5.4 Introduce flood mitigation structures 6. Develop water resource management plans and strategies for selected major rivers in Sri Lanka adopting traditional knowledge and new technology. 7. Adopt water-efficient technologies to ‘harvest’ water, conserve solid moisture (e.g. crop residue retention) and reduce siltation and saltwater intrusion. 8. Modify irrigation techniques, including amount, timing or technology. 9. Introduce conservation measures for irrigation of tanks and canals to ensure a sustainable water supply. 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policy INDCs Number 1 Increase the land productivity per unit area of land through irrigated 1 agriculture, by assuring minimum crop water demand. 2 Reduce vulnerable areas in riverine degradation through the 2 introduction of improved riverine management mechanisms. 3 Ensure domestic water supply and supplementary irrigation through 3 ground water abstractions in a sustainable manner in rural and selected areas in Sri Lanka. 4 Increase water use efficiency and productivity per unit volume of 4 water in irrigated agriculture. 5 Ensure safety of humans and animals as well as minimizing property 5 and environmental losses. 6 Develop water resources to accommodate the growing water demand 6 of all stakeholders and solving issues related to water sharing and allocations among different water user sectors especially during droughts. 7 Adapt improved technological measures for the conservation and 7 development of productive lands in low lying areas which are subjected to degradation due to salt water intrusion. 8 Ensure standard limits of water usage in irrigated agriculture sector 8 through the introduction of improved water saving techniques and adaptation of participatory irrigation management concepts. 9 Assure a reliable, efficient and effective water supply for irrigated 9 agriculture with sustainable operation and maintenance mechanisms to alleviate rural poverty and minimize risks in rural economy. 132 3. Readiness Action Plan 1. Restore and rehabilitate all abandoned tanks and irrigation canals of Sri Lanka

1.1 Identify tanks and canals to be rehabilitated in the dry zone of Sri Lanka Irrigation Sector INDCs-1 1.2 Prepare a cost estimation and implementation plan by identifying national capacity and international support

1.3 Identify tanks and canals to be rehabilitated in other areas of the country Actions Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Establish a PMU MI &WRM A PMU 100% established 2 Make financial arrangements for preliminary actions MI &WRM SLR To be decided 3 Identify current status about the tanks, anicuts and ID, MASL, DAD, PIDD 1. Number of tanks 15000 16000± canals in Sri Lanka including those abandoned 2. Number of (including ponds, water holes, etc..) anicuts 25% 25% 50% 3.% of canal length 133 4 Identify tanks, anicuts and canals to be rehabilitated in ID, MASL, DAD, PIDD 1. %. of tanks 25% 25% 50% Sri Lanka 2. %. of anicuts 3. % length of canals 5 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement DOA,NLDB,NWS&DB,CEB, Number of 100% the INDCs UDA,CBO,DWLC Institutions and responsible authorities identified 6 Prepare a cost estimation and implementation plan ID, MASL, DAD, PIDD Number of PIPP 50% 50% 7 Identify barriers to implement the INDCs ID, MASL, DAD, PIDD Number of barriers 100% removed 8 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and ID, MASL, DAD, PIDD Number of gaps 50% 50% amendment policies if necessary identified and policies amended 9 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to PMU/MI&WRM Institutional 20% 30% 50% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly strengths/weakness 10 Identify technology and resource requirements PMU/MI&WRM Report for each 50% 50% (equipment needs and etc) institution 11 Identify financial sources (conditional and PMU,MI&WRM Cost estimation 50% 50% unconditional) 12 Prepare a full project implementation to implement the PMU, MI&WRM Number of reports 100% INDCs 2. Establish water flow and sediment loads monitoring systems in selected streams in the central highlands

2.1 Location identification and designing of gage stations Irrigation Sector INDCs-2 2.2 Purchasing modern equipment to measure the sediment load

2.3 Establish gage in identified location

2.4 Calibration, data collection, data analyzing, etc Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify current status of physical water monitoring ID,MASL,PIDD Number of reports 100% systems in Sri Lanka 2 Identify and design gauging stations ID,MASL,PIDD Number of stations 40% 60% 3 Select modern equipment to measure flow, quality and PMU, MI&WRM Number of equipment 50% 50% sediment load. 134 4 Identify and establish laboratories PMU,MI&WRM Number of 25% 50% 25% laboratories 5 Purchase modern equipment to measure and analyze PMU,MI&WRM Number of equipment 25% 75% flow, quality and sediment load. 6 Arrange budgetary provisions to purchase modern PMU,MI&WRM Establish laboratories 20% 40% 40% equipment and establish laboratories 7 Identify policy gaps to implement INDCs and amend PMU,MI&WRM Report 40% 60% policies if necessary 8 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement PMU,MI&WRM Number of 100% the INDCs Institutions identified 9 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to PMU,MI&WRM Institutional 25% 35% 40% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly strengths/weakness 10 Identify financial requirements (conditional and PMU,MI&WRM Cost estimation 25% 75% unconditional) 11 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement PMU,MI&WRM Number of reports 100% the INDCs 3. Introduce boreholes/tube wells as a drought intervention for domestic water supply

3.1 Identify high quality and potential ground water sources and aquifers Irrigation Sector INDCs-3

3.2 Construct tube wells, pump testing, water quality testing to determine water quality & quantity

3.3 Implement irrigated water schemes where possible Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify required areas ID, IMD, DSD, WRB, Number of projects 25% 25% 50% NWS&DB, LAs, RWD, DMC 2 Conduct a test run to find out possible localities WRB, NWS&DB, DSD Number of projects 20% 30% 50% 3 Design distribution lines taking into consideration the ID, IMD DSD, RWD, WRB, Number of projects 25% 25% 50% flow rate and elevation NWS&DB, LAs, CBOs, DMC 4 Identify adequacy of policies to implement such MI&WRM, MWS&D, Number of policies 100% INDCs MMD&E, identified 5 Identify responsible and other organizations, and MI&WRM, MWS&D, Number of 50% 50% institutions to implement the INDCs MMD&E, organizations identified 135 6 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and MI&WRM, MWS&D, Number of gaps 60% 40% amend policies if needed MMD&E,WRB, NWS&DB, ID, identified CEA, IMD 7 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to MI&WRM, MWS&D, Number of institutions 100% implement such INDCs and build capacity accordingly MMD&E,WRB, NWS&DB ID, IMD, DSD, CBOs, WRB,NWS&DB, LAs 8 Calculate technological requirements (equipment needs WRB, NWS&DB ID, IMD, Number of equipment 50% 50% etc) DSD, CBOs, LAs 9 Prepare the BoQ for the plan WRB, NWS&DB ID, IMD, Number of BOQs DSD, CBOs, LA, NCWSD 10 Calculate financial requirements WRB, NWS&DB ID, IMD, Number of estimates 30% 30% 40% DSD, CBOs, LAs, NCWSD completed 11 Prepare the full project implementation plan to MI&WRM, MWS&D, Completed 50% 50% implement the INDCs MMD&E,WRB, NWS&DB ID, implementation plan IMD, DSD, CBOs, LAs, NCWSD 4. Enhance productivity of irrigation water use by introducing improved on-farm water application technologies Irrigation Sector INDCs-4

4.1 Introduce water saving applications like water micro irrigation system (sprinkle) and water saving crops

4.2 Farmer training and awareness on water saving applications Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Make financial arrangement for preliminary actions MI & WRM Preliminary actions 30% 30% 40% completed 2 Identify required area through baseline survey ID,MASL,IMD/DAD,PIDD Number of schemes 10% 30% 60% 3 Conduct research on water saving applications ID,MASL,IMD,DAD,PIDD Number of researches 20% 30% 50% 4 Introduce water saving applications like micro ID,MASL,IMD,DAD,PIDD Number of 15% 25% 60% irrigation systems applications 5 Identify adequacy of policies to implement such PMU, MI & WRM Report 100% INDCs 6 Identify responsible and other organizations to PMU, MI & WRM Number of 100% implement the INDCs organizations 136 7 Amend policy gaps if necessary PMU, MI & WRM Amendments 50% 50% 8 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to ID,MASL,IMD/DAD,PIDD Institutional strengths/ 50% 50% implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly weaknesses 9 Identify technology and resources requirements PMU, MI&WRM, ID,MASL, Reports 20% 40% 40% (equipment needs etc.) IMD,DAD,PIDD 10 Identify financial requirements (conditional and PMU,MI&WRM Cost estimation 40% 60% unconditional) 11 Prepare a full project implementation to implement the PMU, MI&WRM PIP 50% 50% INDCs 5. Assess river floods and mitigation measures and early warning systems for possible flash floods

5.2 Collect the rainfall data and river flow Irrigation Sector INDCs-5 5.2 Prepare digital elevation maps

5.3 Capacity building programs for new technological applications

5.4 Introduce flood mitigation structures Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify data collection areas ID,MASL,MD,DAD,PIDD Number of river 25% 35% 40% basins 2 Collect rainfall & river flow data, and prepare the MD,ID,SD,MASL,DMC,DOA, Number of maps 25% 25% 50% digital elevation maps DAD prepared 3 Introduce capacity building programmes for new MD,ID/SD,MASL,DMC,DOA, Number of programs 35% 35% 30% technological applications DAD 4 Study and introduce flood mitigation structures ID,MASL Number of flood 25% 75% mitigation structures 5 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement PMU,MI&WRM Number of institutions 100% 137 such INDCs 6 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and ID, MASL, DAD, PIDD Number of gaps 50% 50% amend policies if necessary 7 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to PMU,MI&WRM Institutional 20% 30% 50% implement the INDCs, and build capacity accordingly strengths/weakness 8 Identify technology and resources requirements PMU,MI&WRM Report for each 50% 50% (equipment needs etc.) institution 9 Identify financial sources (conditional and PMU,MI&WRM Cost estimation 50% 50% unconditional) 10 Prepare a full project implementation plan to PMU , MI&WRM Number of reports 100% implement the INDCs 6. Develop water resource management plans and strategies for selected major rivers in Sri Lanka adopting Irrigation Sector INDCs-6 traditional knowledge and new technology Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify required rivers through a prioritization ID,MASL Number of river 30% 40% 30% processes basins 2 Identify and collect traditional knowledge and new ID, IMD, MASL Number of river 25% 45% 30% technology on water management basins 3 Introduce a management plan by considering ID, IMD, MASL Number of river 40% 60% traditional knowledge and technology basins 4 Evaluate effectiveness and lessons learnt ID, IMD, MASL Number. of river 15% 85% basins 5 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement PMU & MI&WRM Number of institutions 100% the INDCs 6 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and ID, MASL, PMU & MI&WRM Number of gaps 50% 50% amend policies if necessary 138 7 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to PMU,MI&WRM Institutional 20% 30% 50% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly strengths/weakness 8 Identify technology and resource requirements PMU,MI&WRM Report for each 50% 50% (equipment needs etc.) institution 9 Identify financial sources (conditional and PMU,MI&WRM Cost estimation 50% 50% unconditional) 10 Prepare the full project implementation to implement PMU, MI&WRM Number of reports 100% the INDCs 7. Adopt water-efficient technologies to ‘harvest’ water, conserve solid moisture (e.g. crop residue retention) Irrigation Sector INDCs-7 and reduce siltation and saltwater intrusion Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify the required areas and saltwater intruded areas ID, MASL, DAD & DOA Number of river 30% 40% 30% basins 2 Identify water-efficient technologies to harvest water DOA, IMD Number of water 50% 50% efficient technologies 3 Conduct research to find the best solutions DOA, IMD, ID & MASL Number of research 25% 75% 4 Develop implementation plans DOA, IMD, ID & MASL Number of plans 40% 60% 5 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement PMU & MI&WRM Number of institutions 100% the INDCs 6 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and ID, MASL, DOA, IMD, PMU & Number of policy 40% 60% amend policies if needed MI&WRM gaps, and amended policies 7 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to PMU,MI&WRM Institutional 15% 30% 55% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly strengths/weakness 8 Identify technology and resource requirements PMU,MI&WRM Report for each 40% 50% 10% (equipment needs etc.) institution 9 Identify financial sources (conditional and PMU,MI&WRM Cost estimation 50% 50% unconditional) 10 Prepare a full project implementation plan to PMU, MI&WRM Number of reports 100% implement the INDCs Irrigation Sector INDCs-8 8. Modify irrigation techniques, including amount, timing or technology 139 Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify the modification requirement ID, MASL, /DAD, PIDD Number of schemes 20% 30% 50% 2 Identify modification in irrigation techniques ID,MASL,DAD, PIDD Number of schemes 15% 30% 55% 3 Select best available techniques ID,MASL,DAD,PIDD Number of techniques 20% 40% 40% 4 Implement as pilot projects and conduct feedback ID,MASL,DAD,PIDD Number of pilot 45% 55% sessions to compare the effectiveness projects 5 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement PMU & MI & WRM Number of institutions 100% the INDCs 6 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and ID, MASL, DOA, IMD, PMU & Number of gaps 35% 65% amend policies if necessary MI & WRM identified and policies amended 7 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to PMU,MI&WRM Institutional 15% 30% 55% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly strengths/weakness 8 Identify technology and resource requirements PMU,MI&WRM Report for each 40% 50% 10% (equipment needs etc.) institution 9 Identify financial sources (conditional and PMU,MI&WRM Cost estimation 50% 50% unconditional) 10 Prepare a full project implementation plan to PMU, MI&WRM Number of reports 100% implement the INDCs Irrigation Sector INDCs-9 9. Introduce conservation measures for irrigation of tanks and canals to ensure a sustainable water supply Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Study the current status of irrigation tanks, anicuts and ID, MASL,DAD, PIDD 1. Number of tanks 2000 2000 3000 canals in Sri Lanka 2. Number of anicuts 3. % of canal 25% 25% 50% 2 Identify possible conservation techniques ID, MASL, DAD, PIDD Number of techniques 25% 35% 40% 3 Conduct research on solutions and test as a pilot study ID, MASL,DAD Number of researches 40% 35% 25% & pilot studies 4 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement PMU & MI & WRM Number of institutions 100% the INDCs 5 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and ID, MASL, DOA, IMD, PMU & Number of gaps 35% 65% 140 amend policies if necessary MI&WRM identified and policies amended 6 Identify the adequacy of institutional capacity to PMU,MI&WRM Institutional 15% 30% 55% implement the INDCs and build capacity accordingly strengths/weakness 7 Identify technology and resource requirements PMU,MI&WRM Report for each 40% 50% 10% (equipment needs etc.) institution 8 Identify financial sources (conditional and PMU,MI&WRM Cost estimation 50% 50% unconditional) 9 Prepare a full project implementation plan to PMU, MI&WRM Number of reports 100% implement the INDCs 141 142 Introduction Sri Lanka is an island nation surrounded by a low-lying coastal belt. Around a third of the country’s population lives along the costal belt. The effects of climate change seen in the rise of sea level rise and ocean warming impact Sri Lanka in several aspects. Being an island, sea level rise will pose many challenges to coastal communities, their livelihoods, and coastal ecosystems. With this rise, coastal systems and low- lying areas will experience adverse impacts such as submergence, coastal flooding, saltwater intrusion an coastal erosion. In many regions, changing precipitation pattern and melting of snow/ice are altering hydrological systems, affecting water resources of the ocean in terms of quantity and quality. There is evidence that many marine species have shifted their geographical ranges, seasonal activities, migration patterns, relative abundance and species interactions in response to climatic changes. Sea level rise, a major physical effect associated with climate change, is likely to create significant impacts across the coastal zone. Besides, rising incidences of extreme and unpredictable weather events have created uncertainties over costal livelihoods sometimes even causing life and property damages. Therefore, proper adaptation can prevent losses and damages while creating a conducive environment for low carbon development. Costal and marine sector represent one of the most vulnerable sectors to the adverse effects of climate change. 1. INDCs of Coastal Sector 1. Establish an accurate sea level rice forecasts system for Sri Lanka.

1.1. Re-establish the existing Mean Sea Level (MSL).

1.1.1 Establish the required database with historical sea level.

1.1.2 Start required long term data collection programmes, including wave measurements and a sediment transport study.

1.2. Establish additional sea level stations, in addition to the existing stations.

1.3. Acquire globally available technology for prediction and forecasting. 2. Map inundation prone areas assessing vulnerability to sea level rise along the coastal belt.

2.1 Re-assess inundation maps according to the sea level rise forecast

2.2 Periodically validate and update inundation maps according to the revised forecast 3. Restore, conserve and manage coral, sea grass, mangroves and sand dunes in sensitive areas.

3.1 Survey and map coastal habitats (coral, sea grass, mangroves and sand dunes) for the entire coastal region, based on a Survey Department compatible methodologies.

3.1.1 Identify suitable sites for conservation, rehabilitation and restoration

3.1.2 Conduct pilot projects at high prioritized sites 4. Prepare risk maps for the coastal zone with mapping. With 0.5m contour intervals and take appropriate actions. 143

4.1 Prepare vulnerability databases for the coastal zone with mapping, using 0.5m contour intervals

4.2 Establish Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the entire coastal zone (2 km landward). 5. Establish 1000 ha of coastal forests and a green belt along the island.

5.1 Identify suitable sites for prioritization

5.2 Implement the programme at the identified sites 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policy INDCs Number 1 Introduce sea level monitoring mechanisms to climate forecast sea 1 level changes 2 Establish new mechanisms to map inundation prone areas due to sea 2 level rise 3 Map and introduce coastal associated habitat restoration 3 4 Enhance capabilities on coastal belt mapping 4 5 Enhance coastal green belt coverage for better carbon sequestration 5 144 145 146 Introduction Sri Lanka is one of the 35 biodiversity hotspots in the world. The country was endowed with a truly remarkable bequest of biodiversity and ecosystems. This includes both fauna and flora resources. Furthermore, Sri Lanka’s endowments cover terrestrial, aquatic as well as the marine ecosystem that extend up to 200 nm into the Indian Ocean, area covering eight times of its land area and the water depth extending up to 3,500m. Impacts of climate change could be multifaceted with both negative and positive impacts. Despite the potential impacts, very little is known about what changes have already taken place or where the ensuing changes would eventually lead. Hence, biodiversity and ecosystems are areas where Sri Lanka needs to pay special attention to in terms of adapting to climate change. 1. INDCs of Biodiversity Sector 1. Restore degraded areas inside and outside the protected areas (PA) network to enhance resilience. 1.1 Identify degraded areas outside the PA network 1.1.1 Map the degraded areas 1.1.2 Reforest identified areas 1.2 Identify degraded areas inside the PA network 1.2.1 Map the areas 1.2.2 Habitat enrichment 1.2.3 Control of invasive species 2. Increase connectivity through corridors, landscape/matrix improvement and management.

2.1 Minimize human-animal conflict 3. Improve management, and consider increasing the extent of protected areas, buffer zones and create new areas in the vulnerable zones. 4. Identify biodiversity hotpots in Sri Lanka and upgrade them.

4.1. Conduct baseline surveys to identify the status of the biodiversity hotspot

4.2. Upgrade legal status 5. Promote traditional methods of biodiversity conservation for increased resilience in agroecosystems.

1.1 Promotion of traditional methods and indigenous knowledge

1.2 Promote non-traditional methods which are in harmony with nature 6. Implement community driven conservation projects and programmes. 7. Establish and implement ex-situ conservation programs Note Newly proposed INDCs presented in italicised font. 147 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policy 1 Enhance resilience of eco-systems and biodiversity of the country to withstand the adverse impacts of climate change 2 Facilitate free movement of species and genes 3 Ensure effective management of the protected area (PA) network 4 Ensure long term conservation of biodiversity hotspots 5 Ensure long term resilience of agro biodiversity 6 Establish a conservation culture 7 Enhance capacity for ex-situ conservation 8 Ensure an effective regulatory institutional set up to manage biodiversity of Sri Lanka 148 3. Readiness Action Plan 1. Restore degraded areas inside and outside the protected areas (PA) network to enhance resilience

1.1 Identify degraded areas outside the PA network

1.1.1 Map the degraded areas

1.1.2 Reforest identified areas Biodiversity Sector INDCs-1

1.2 Identify degraded areas inside the PA network

1.2.1 Map the areas

1.2.2 Habitat enrichment

1.2.3 Control of invasive species Action Responsible Agencies Existing Output Time Line plans Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Update the PA gap analysis and identify degraded DWLC, FD, NARA, NBSAP Gap analysis 25% 25% 50% areas outside the PA network and inside the PA CC&CRMD, MEPA, 2016-2022 completed, network through collection of relevant data and DoA, DoNBG, DoNZG, degraded areas analysis (all ecosystems including coastal and Universities identified 149 marine) 2 Prioritize degraded areas/restoration DWLC, FD, CEA, Reports published 100% interventions/ecosystems CC&CRMD, MEPA 3 Map degraded areas DWLC, FD, CEA, NBSAP Maps prepared 5 10 CC&CRMD, MEPA 2016-2022 areas areas 4 Prepare management plans for prioritized areas DWLC, FD, CEA, Draft Haritha Number. of PA’s 25% 25% identifying causes for habitat degradation and CC&CRMD, Lanka having providing solutions 2015-2022 Management Plans 5 Conduct research on IAS and establish a BDS, Universities, NBSAP Mechanism 50% mechanism for updating national IAS list NARA,DWLC, MEPA, FD established 6 Develop and implement species specific BDS, DoA, NAQDA, NBSAP Number. of 50% 50% management plans for controlling IAS CEA, DFAR, MASL, Management Plans MEPA, SLPA 7 Establish a management mechanism by DWLC, FD, CEA, NARA, NBSAP Number. of PAs 20% developing an implementation strategy to protect CC&CRMD and MPAs critical habitats outside PA network with established reference to climate change adaptation 8 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and BDS, M/SD &WL Final Policy 100% amend policy if necessary 9 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to DWLC, FD, CEA, NBSAP Marine unit 10% 10% 10% implement the INDC and build capacity CC&CRMD, MEPA established in accordingly and strengthen the newly established DWLC, Number marine division in the DWLC of officers trained in Marine sector 10 Recover/Restoration/ threatened and endemic FD, DoNBG, DWLC, Draft Haritha Number. of 3 3 species Lanka 2015- threatened speci speci 2022 /endemic species es es NBSAP recovered/restored 11 Restore identified degraded areas including DWLC, FD, CEA, Draft Haritha Detailed 25% terrestrial, freshwater and marine CC&CRMD, MEPA Lanka implementation 2015-2022 plan NBSAP 12 Prepare detailed implementation plan in-order to BDS, DWLC, FD, CEA, Detailed 25% 75% 150 implement the INDCs including actions such as; CC&CRMD implementation assessment of technology requirements, plan calculation of financial requirements (conditional and unconditional), demarcation of the identified land/acquisition, introduction of incentive schemes for restoration, habitat enrichment, publication of ecosystem specific best practices, etc 2. Increase connectivity through corridors, landscape/matrix improvement and management Biodiversity Sector INDCs-2 2.1 Minimize human-animal conflict Action Responsible Agencies Existing Plans Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify current status (data ) on distribution, DWLC, FD, BDS, SEA, Report 10% 40% 50% migratory corridors, landscape/ matrix and CC&CRMD, MoPRE identify the need of corridors 2 Conduct studies on species migration and areas FD, DWLC,CC&CRMD, Number. of studies 10% 40% 50% needing connectivity (for elephants, whales and MEPA,BDS dolphins) 3 Prioritize areas for connectivity FD, DWLC,CC&CRMD, Report 25% 75% MEPA,BDS 4 Map corridors to be connected FD, DWLC, BDS Maps prepared 25% 75% 5 Declare corridors to link fragmented critical FD, DWLC, BDS Draft Haritha Number. of 10% habitats Lanka corridors, Extent 2015-2022 of linkages established 6 Identify key wildlife species that come into FD, DWLC, Min. of Draft Haritha Number. of 10% 10% 10% conflict with humans and implement an action Shipping Lanka initiatives taken plan in adaptive manner in minimizing human- animal conflict 7 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and BDS, M/ WL&SD Amendments to 25% 25% 25% amendment of policy if necessary policy 151 8 Prepare a detailed implementation plan in-order DWLC,FD, BDS, BDS, Detailed Plan 100% to implement the INDCs including actions such SEA, MoPRE, Irrigation as; calculation of financial requirements Dept. (conditional and unconditional), land acquisition, demarcation of proposed lands to use as connectivity, identification of the adequacy of institutional capacity to implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly, study the effectiveness of the connectivity and redesign, establishment of monitoring mechanism, developing an action plan to minimize human – animal conflict, etc 3. Improve management, and consider increasing the extent of protected areas, buffer zones and create new Biodiversity Sector INDCs-3 areas in the vulnerable zones Action Responsible Agencies Output Indicators Time Line 2017 2018 2019 1 Study and identify additional areas to be under FD, DWLC and CEA, Gap analysis completed, Baseline 5% 15% 15% protected area network, buffer zones and new MEPA, CC&CRMD surveys conducted at critical sites areas in vulnerable zones 2 Take inventory of all sites that are identified as BDS, universities, Inventories 20% 20% critical habitats for biodiversity conservation National Museum, DoNBG 3 Prepare and implement management plans for FD, DWLC and CEA, Number. of Management Plans 25% 50% prioritized areas including marine, wetlands etc. MEPA, CC&CRMD, CEA 4 Prepare a detailed implementation plan in-order FD, DWLC, CEA, Detailed Plan 100% to implement the INDCs including actions such MEPA, CC&CRMD, as; identification of policy gaps, identification the BDS 152 adequacy of institutional capacity to implement the INDC, calculation of financial requirements (conditional and unconditional), declaration of new areas, demarcation of the required land/land acquisition according to legal/gazette boundaries, provide alternative livelihood for affected persons, etc 5 Declare new PAs and MPAs FD, DWLC, MEPA, Number of areas declared 25% 25% 50% CC&CRMD, Min of Tourism, Shipping, Archaeology 4. Identify biodiversity hotpots in Sri Lanka and upgrade them Biodiversity Sector INDCs-4 4.1Conduct baseline surveys to identify the status of the biodiversity hotspot

4.2 Upgrade legal status Action Responsible Agencies Existing Output Indicators Time Line plans 2017 2018 2019 1 Define biodiversity hotspots BDS Local BD hotspots 100% defined 2 Conduct a literature survey and screening of BDS, DWLC Red list 2012 Identified hotspots 10% 10% development plans/Red List to short list hotspots and conduct research for data deficient species 3 Conduct a preliminary survey to verify status BDS, DWLC NBSAP Number. of surveys 25% 25% with literature / Conduct baseline surveys to 2016-2017 identify the status of the biodiversity hotspot 4 Conduct and facilitate the research on DWLC, FD, BDS, Number. of research 25% 30% biodiversity hotspots Universities, NARA conducted in areas/number. 153 species covered 5 Update the research results in a common portal BDS, DWLC Number. of 30% 70% for validation validation workshops conducted 6 Update the conservation status of the species with BDS BCAP and Red list Publication- 100% National Red List NBSAP 2017 7 Prepare management plans for highly threatened BDS, DoNZG, DoNBG, Number. of 10% 15% species DWLC, MEPA, Management Plans CC&CRMD, Shipping 8 Develop a mechanism to include biodiversity BDS, DoNZG, DoNBG, Draft Haritha Number. of new 20% 30% hotspots in a PA and MPA network DWLC, MEPA, Lanka hotspots identified, CC&CRMD 2015-2022 extent of PA NBSAP network increased 9 Identify policy gaps to implement the INDCs and DWLC, BDS, FD. Number of Policy 25% 75% amendment of policy if necessary CC&CRMD, CEA gaps Identified 10 Identify responsible and other institutions to BDS Institutions 100% implement the INDCs identified 11 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to BDS, DoNZG, DoNBG, Evaluation Reports 25 25 implement the INDC and build capacity MEPA, CC&CRMD, accordingly NARA, FD, DWLC, 12 Establish a powerful agency to BDS, DWLC, FD, Number of policies, regulate/coordinate all the agencies work in Presidential secretariat, regulations biodiversity sector and implement effectively the implemented, policy recommendation and INDCs number of PAs and MPSs established, Amount of fund raises 13 Assess technology requirements BDS, DoNZG, DoNBG, Detailed INDCs 25% 25% 50% MEPA, CC&CRMD, implementation NARA, FD, DWLC, report MEPA 154 14 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and BDS, DoNZG, DoNBG, Calculated report on 50% 50% unconditional) MEPA, CC&CRMD, conditional and NARA, FD, DWLC, unconditional MEPA 15 Prepare detailed implementation plan in-order to BDS, DoNZG, DoNBG, Detailed 20% 80% implement the INDCs including actions such as; MEPA, CC&CRMD, implementation plan declaration of biodiversity hotspots legally NARA, FD, DWLC, according to threatened status, implementation of management plans 5. Promote traditional methods of biodiversity conservation for increased resilience in agroecosystems Biodiversity Sector INDCs-5 5.1 Promotion of traditional methods and indigenous knowledge

5.2 Promote non-traditional methods which are in harmony with nature Action Responsible Agencies Existing Output Indicators Time Line plans 2017 2018 2019 1 Collect data, document and protect traditional Department of NBSAP Documented 10% 40% 50% methods, traditional forecasting methods, Agriculture, Agrarian traditional availability of traditional varieties with resilient Services and Export knowledge character, etc Agriculture, NIPO, D/Ayurveda, BDS 2 Check traditional knowledge at the ground level Department of Action plan of Reports 10% 50% 40% Agriculture, Agrarian Dept of Services and Export Agriculture Agriculture, D/Ayurveda 4 Identify farmer groups, to create seed banks Department of Action plan of Number. of farmer 20% 30% 30% according to agro ecological zones and facilitate Agriculture, Agrarian Dept of groups identified, 155 them for creation of seed banks by provision of Services and Export Agriculture technology and other requirements Agriculture 5 Identify traditional varieties to be cultivated by Department of Action plan of Identified varieties- 40% 50% 10% farmers in dry season, and transfer such Agriculture, Agrarian Dept of Report, Number. of knowledge to farmers Services and Export Agriculture awareness creation Agriculture programmes 6 Identify implementing gaps/conflict of interests Department of Gaps identified, 50% 50% with regard to mandates within institutions Agriculture, Agrarian implementing Services and Export mechanism Agriculture identified 7 Prepare a detailed implementation plan in-order Department of Detailed plan 100% to implement the INDCs including actions such Agriculture, Agrarian as; identification of policy gaps to implement the Services and Export INDCs, identification the adequacy of Agriculture, D/Ayurveda, institutional capacity to implement the INDC, BDS establishment of seed banks of resilient varieties, calculation of financial requirements (conditional and unconditional)maintain plots of traditional varieties by farmers, awareness creation/ transfer of knowledge to other farmers, etc Biodiversity Sector INDCs-6 6. Implement community driven conservation projects and programmes Action Responsible Agencies Existing Output Indicators Time Line plans 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify and document current status on DWLC, FD, NARA, Report on lessons 100% community driven conservation projects and CC&CRMD, MEPA, learnt 156 programmes, lessons learnt in implementation BDS and categorization of the community driven programs with existing set-up 2 Identify target areas and places that needs DWLC,FD,NARA, Number. of 50% 50% community driven conservation projects and CC&CRMD,MEPA, BDS identified places programmes and assessment of conservation benefits 3 Conduct awareness programmes for local DWLC, FD, CC&CRMD, Draft NAP Number. of 20% 20% 20% communities on impacts on climate change, MMD&E, NGOs, BDS, awareness local biodiversity and ecosystems in vulnerable MEPA programmes areas conducted. 4 Organize local CBOs for monitor the changes in FD, DWLC, CC&CRMD, Draft NAP Number. of CBOs 20% 20% 20% local ecosystems and biodiversity NGOs, MMD&E, organized MEPA 5 Increase participation of local communities in FD, DWLC, CC&CRMD, Draft NAP Number. of new 20% 20% 50% adaptive management programmes and increase NGOs employment employment opportunities in conservation opportunities created programmes 6 Design the conservation programmes with FD, DWLC, CC&CRMD, Number. of pilot 20% 50% relevant experts and conduct pilot studies to see NGOs studies conducted effectiveness of the planned programmes 7 Develop a mechanism to improve livelihood of DWLC, BDS, Draft Haritha Number. of 20% 50% surrounding communities thereby reducing CC&CRMD, Lanka programmes dependency on PA resources developed 8 Prepare a detailed implementation plan in-order FD, DWLC, CC&CRMD, 100% to implement the INDCs including identification NGOs, BDS of policy gaps to implement the INDCs and amendment of policy if necessary, identification the adequacy of institutional capacity to implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly, assessment of technology requirements and calculation of financial requirements (conditional and unconditional) 157 Biodiversity Sector INDCs-7 7. Establish and implement ex-situ conservation programs Action Responsible Agencies Existing Output Indicators Time Line plans 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify species requiring ex-situ conservation DWLC, FD, DoNBG, Draft Haritha Prioritized species 50% 50% measures, and prioritization of species DoNZG, NARA, MEPA, Lanka 2015- lists CC&CRMD 2022 NBSAP 2016- 2022 2 Identify indicator species/ point endemic or DWLC, FD, DoNBG, Draft Haritha Identified species 50% 50% critically endangered species DoNZG, NARA, BDS, Lanka 2015- lists MEPA 2022 NBSAP 2016- 2022 3 Facilitate research on identified species DWLC, FD, DoNBG, Draft Haritha Number. of research 5% 30% 30% requiring ex-situ conservation measures DoNZG, NARA, BDS Lanka 2015- conducted 2022 NBSAP 2016- 2022 4 Prepare recovery and management plans for DWLC, FD, DoNBG, Draft Haritha Number. of 50% 50% prioritized species DoNZG, NARA, BDS Lanka 2015- recovery/manageme 2022 nt plans NBSAP 2016- 2022 5 Identify suitable areas and locations for restore DWLC, FD, DoNBG , Draft Haritha Identified species 10% 20% 40% their habitats and provide for their reintroduction DoNZG, NARA, BDS Lanka 2015- lists, Number. of and translocation 2022 threatened conserved NBSAP 2016- 2022 6 Establish ex-situ facilities (botanic, zoological, DoNBG, DoNZG, BDS, Draft Haritha Number. of botanic, 10% 10% 25% medicinal, cultural gardens, weland parks, arboreta, DoA, UDA Lanka 2015- zoological, medicinal, field gene banks, Urban parks) and mandate them to 2022, Draft cultural gardens, field undertake ex-situ conservation of biodiversity NBSAP gene banks established 158 7 Establish ex-situ breeding / propagation DWLC, FD, DoNBG, Draft Haritha Number. of 25% 50% programmes for threatened flora and fauna DoNZG, NARA, BDS, Lanka 2015- breeding/ MEPA, CC&CRMD, 2022 propagation NAQDA programmes conducted 8 Prepare detailed implementation plan; DWLC, FD, DoNBG, 100% identification of policy gaps to implement DoNZG, NARA, BDS, INDCs, amendment of policy if necessary, MEPA, CC&CRMD, identification of the adequacy of institutional capacity to implement the INDC and build capacity accordingly, assessment of technology requirements, calculation of financial requirements (conditional and unconditional), to be included in-order to implement the INDCs 159 160 Introduction Today most of the dwellers in urban and cities struggle with the consequences of unsustainable physical growth expansion. Urban, city planning and human settlements are closely connected areas that come under the direct influence of climate change impacts. Local Authorities and their inhabitants are faced with droughts, floods, air pollution, land degradation, deforestation and rising sea levels. These impacts have direct repercussions on basic living standards of the population. In Sri Lanka, city planning and human settlements are two areas that received limited attention despite their importance in connection to climate change adaptation. 1. INDCs of Urban, City Planning and human Settlements Sector 1. Mainstream climate reliance in physical and urban planning and incorporated them for planning for development projects.

1.1 Incorporate mechanisms to improve urban macro/micro climatic conditions.

1.2 Conserve wet lands and water bodies close to urban and settlement areas.

1.3 Protect & enhance green coverage, green corridors in urban and settlement planning.

1.4 Improve air circulation when planning urban areas.

1.5 Incorporate disaster prevention, environmental friendly mechanisms 2. Development of disaster prevention and environment friendly mechanisms especially for floods in western province and incorporate them for planning in development projects 3. Promote climate resilience building designing and alternative materials for construction. 3.1.Design based on green building guidelines 3.2.Incorporate disaster prevention guidelines 3.3.Incorporate low cost environment friendly materials 4. Minimize the impacts on human settlements and infrastructure due erratic changes in population.

4.1. Follow NPPD and NBRO guidelines

4.2. Enforce rules and regulations to prevent unauthorized settlements 5. Enhance the resilience of human settlements and infrastructure to extreme weather event. 5.1.Infrastructure facilities giving due consideration to contour line and soil conservation methods particularly in hilly areas 5.2.Design and maintenance of infrastructure giving due consideration to the run off system and flooding 6. Minimize the impact of sea level rise on costal settlements and infrastructure. 6.1.Design infrastructure & structures to face sea level rise 6.2.Shifting urban densification inward 6.3.Demarcate protection areas from sea level 7. Greening cities by introducing urban forest parks, roof top gardens, vertical gardens, wetland parks and road side planting. 161 Note Newly proposed INDCs presented in italicised font. 2. Strategies, related Ministries and their responsibilities Related Ministry/Ministries Number Strategy and percentage responsibilities Mainstream climate amelioration in physical and urban MMP&WD (100%) 1 planning and incorporate them in planning for development projects Development of disaster prevention and environment MMP&WD (100%) friendly mechanisms especially for floods in western 2 province and incorporate them in planning for development projects. Implementation of green and environmentally friendly MMP&WD (75%), 3 building guidelines (G&EFBG) including the aspects of MH&C (25%) climate resilience Minimize the impacts on human settlements and MH&C (100%) 4 infrastructure due to erratic changes in population Enhance the resilience of human settlements and MH&C (100%) 5 infrastructure to extreme weather events Minimize the impacts of sea level rise on coastal MMP&WD (50%) 6 settlements and infrastructure MH&C (50%) Greening cities by introducing green areas to increase the MMP&WD (75%) 7 green cover MH&C (25%) 162 Planning Division Ministry of Mega polis & Western Development Readiness Action Plan of Urban & city planning, and human settlements sector for INDCs of Sri Lanka Physical performance Target 2017-2019 Subsector-Urban & city planning Strategy -01 Strategy- Mainstream climate amelioration in physical and urban planning and incorporated them for planning for development projects KPI -Percentage improvement and Number of climate change adaptation related environment services. Action Responsible Output Indicator Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 01 Identify further requirements of the improvements of urban UDA Number of required climate conditions xxx climatic conditions 02 Identify the potential importance of declaration and or UDA,SLLRDC, NPPD Number of important and selected wetlands xxx conservation of selected wetlands and water bodies close to urban and water bodies and settlement areas 03 Identify potential importance of green coverage and green corridors UDA,SLLRDC, NPPD Number of green structures xxx and gaps in greening plan - 2020 163 04 Introduce/Incorporate policy guidelines for green building UDA Number of buildings constructed according xxx technologies and energy efficient building technologies. to the policy guidelines 05 Identify gaps in existing urban plans on improvements of air UDA Number of identified gaps xxx circulation 06 Review the all aspects and collected information of the above MMP&WD Number of revived aspects and the database xxx 01,02,03 and 05 and establishment of database on mainstream established climate amelioration in planning 07 Identify gaps in existing plans related to the above 01,02,03 and 05 UDA,SLLRDC, NPPD Number of gap reports xxx and prepare report to incorporate the gap filling activities to this action plan 08 Preparation of draft consolidated action plan including the above MMP&WD Consolidated Action Plan xxx 01,02,03,05 and 07 09 Review the draft action plan and finalization MMP&WD Finalized Action Plan xxx 10 Conduct (mini) Strategic Environment Assessment for Action Plan MMP&WD Conducted Strategic Environment xxx and identify all mitigation measures to minimize the environment Assessment impacts. 11 Formulation of projects to implement the action plan MMP&WD Number of projects xxx 12 Obtain required approvals for the projects and make institutional MMP&WD Number of approved projects xxx xxx arrangements 13 Donor coordination and provide financial assistant for action plan MMD&E Number of donors, amount of funds xxx xxx xxx preparation Planning Division Ministry of Mega polis & Western Development Action Plan of Urban & city planning and human settlements sector For INDCs of Sri Lanka Physical performance Target 2017-2019 Subsector - Urban & city planning Strategy -02 Strategy-Development of disaster prevention and environment friendly mechanisms especially for floods in W. province incorporate them for development projects KPI-Reduction in incidence & impact of floods& expenditure on flood related relief Action Responsible Output Indicator Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 01 Collect floods and meteorology information in western province and study the MMP&WD,SLLRDC, Study reports, Identified xxx existing mechanisms of protection and prevention of floods UDA gaps 02 Review the existing mechanisms and conduct gap analysis study for existing MMP&WD,SLLRDC, Identified gaps xxx mechanisms UDA 03 Identify highly vulnerable flood prone areas in Western province and implement MMP&WD,SLLRDC, Prioritized flood prone xxx new mechanisms in pilot scale UDA areas, Number. of pilot 164 projects 04 Asses the existing and ongoing projects in above areas and identify the best MMP&WD,SLLRDC, Assessment report xxx practices UDA 05 Formulate a database on floods protection and prevention in Western province MMP&WD,SLLRDC, Database established xxx xxx including all mechanisms UDA 06 Formulate the projects to prevent the local flood in Western Province. MMP&WD,SLLRDC Number of persons xxx xxx xxx benefitted 07 Prepare floods protection and prevention Action Plan for Western Province for MMP&WD,SLLRDC, Prepared plan xxx 2020-2030 UDA 08 Decide on national contribution and external financial support and identify sources MMP&WD,SLLRDC, Budget estimates xxx xxx of external financial support. UDA, MMD&E 09 Create awareness on flood protection and preventions. MMP&WD,SLLRDC, Number of xxx xxx UDA events/programmes 10 Strengthen the present rules and regulations to prevent filling marshy lands and MMP&WD,SLLRDC Strengthened rules and xxx xxx blocking canals. regulations 11 Donor coordination and provide financial assistance for preparatory programme MMD&E Number of Donor, xxx xxx xxx amount of funds Planning Division Ministry of Mega polis & Western Development Action Plan of Urban & city planning and human settlements sector For INDCs of Sri Lanka Physical performance Target 2017-2019 Subsector-Urban & city planning Strategy -03 Strategy- Implementation of green and environmentally friendly building guidelines (G&EFBG) including the aspects of climate resilience KPI-Percentage reduction of GHG in building construction sector and impacts on biodiversity and environment Percentage increase of protection of biodiversity and environment Action Responsibl Output Indicator Time Line e Agencies 2017 2018 2019 01 Review the G&EFBG for government sector buildings UDA Number of reviews xxx 02 Identify suitable institutional arrangements and establishment of institutional UDA Number of institutes xxx setup 165 03 Implement pilot project for G&GFBG for government buildings including testing UDA Number of pilot xxx xxx of rating system projects 04 Conduct all island survey on all buildings and initiate application of G&EFBG UDA Number of surveys, xxx xxx for all buildings and improvement of existing G&EFBG with information of all Number. of initiatives, buildings % implement 05 Make regulations & legalize the G&EFBG under UDA Act UDA Number of regulations xxx xxx 06 Study for calculation of reduction of GHG in construction sector through MMD&E Number of studies xxx xxx application of G&EFBG 07 Make arrangements for green building award scheme and create awareness by UDA Number of award xxx conducting events and publishing documents schemes, events &Documents 08 Provide financial assistance for preparatory programme MMD&E Amount of funds xxx xxx xxx Planning Division Ministry of Housing and Construction Action Plan of Urban & City Planning, and Human Settlements Sector for INDCs of Sri Lanka Physical Performance Target 2017-2019 Subsector-Human Settlements Strategy -04 Strategy-Minimize the impacts on human settlements and infrastructure due to erratic changes in population KPI- Number of Improvements in minimizing the Impacts on Human Settlements and Infrastructure due to Erratic Changes in Population Action Responsible Output Indicator Time Line Agency 2017 2018 2019 01. Develop settlement plans and new settlements according to the NHDA/ USDA Number of Plans xxx xxx xxx NPPD and NBRO guidelines, guidelines of land use plan, land improved reclamation 02. Formulate guidelines, rules and regulations for housing NHDA/ USDA Number of guidelines, xxx xxx settlements rules, regulations 166 formulated 03. Strengthen the enforcement of rules and regulations to prevent CMA Number of rules and xxx xxx xxx unauthorized constructions in condominiums Reg. enforced to prevent unauthorized settlements 04. Identify policy gaps to implement such INDCs and amend Min. of H & C/ Number of Gaps xxx xxx policy if necessary NHDA/ CMA/ identified USDA 05. Identify responsible and other institutions to implement such Min. of H & C Number. identified xxx INDCs 06. Donor coordination and provide financial assistance for action MMD & E Number of donors, xxx xxx xxx plan preparation and implementation Amounts of funds Planning Division Ministry of Housing and Construction Action Plan of Urban & city planning and human settlements sector for INDCs of Sri Lanka Physical performance Target 2017-2019 Subsector-Human Settlements Strategy -05 Strategy-Enhance the resilience of human settlements and infrastructure to extreme weather events KPI- Number of improvements for enhancing resilience of human settlements & infrastructure to extreme weather events Action Responsible Output Indicator Time Line Agency 2017 2018 2019 01. Identify policy gaps to implement INDCs and amend of policy Min. of H & C/ Number. of Gaps if necessary NHDA/ identified xxx xxx USDA/CMA 02. Identify responsible and other institutions to implement such Min. of H & C Number. identified xxx INDCs 03. Plan and design settlements designing considering disaster NHDA/ USDA Number. of designs xxx xxx prevention and environmentally friendly mechanisms 167 04. Prepare draft action plan Min. of H & C/ Draft action plan xxx NHDA/ USDA 05. Review Draft action plan Min. of H & C/ Finalized action plan xxx NHDA/ USDA 06. Formulate projects for action plans Min. of H & C/ Number. of projects xxx NHDA/ USDA 07. Obtain required approvals for projects and make institutional Min. of H & C/ Number. of approvals xxx arrangements NHDA/ USDA 08. Donor coordination and provide financial assistance for action MMD & E Number. of Donor / xxx xxx xxx plan preparation Amounts of funds Planning Division Ministry of Housing and Construction Action Plan of Urban & city planning and human settlements sector for INDCs of Sri Lanka Physical performance Target 2017-2019 Subsector-Urban & city planning Strategy 06 Strategy-Minimize the impact of sea level rise on coastal settlements and infrastructure KPI –Percentage increase of protection from and adaptability for sea level rise Action Responsible Output Indicator Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 01 Review of prepared vulnerability maps in coastal CCS,CC&CRMD, Number. of reviewed aspects xxx xxx xxx areas including human settlement and infrastructure MEPA,UDA,NPPD 02 Identify activities related to above (1) which will be CCS Number of activities identified xxx planned to implement after 2020 MMP&WD, UDA 03 Identify most vulnerable coastal areas related to above CCS Complete report on vulnerable xxx xxx xxx (2) and prioritizing Min. of H & C areas MMP&WD,UDA 168 04 Determine and plan suitable protective & preventive MMP&WD Effective plan xxx xxx structures, for prioritized areas CC&CRMD, MEPA,UDA 05 Identify the policy gaps in resettlement planning UDA Gaps identified xxx 06 Amend policies / acts according to (5) MMP&WD, UDA Number of amendments took xxx xxx place 07 Create awareness among coastal communities on UDA, SLLRDC Number. of awareness programs xxx xxx xxx green & environmental friendly building guidelines conducted 08 Prepare detailed plan including financial/technical UDA, SLLRDC Comprehensive plan xxx xxx xxx requirements, institutional strengthening & capacity building related to activities of above 2 09 Identify the need of resettlement and prepare UDA Completed plan XXX XXX XXX resettlement plan 10 Prepare project proposals, obtain approval and make UDA, SLLRDC Number of projects implemented XXX XXX institutional arrangements Planning Division Ministry of Mega polis & Western Development Action Plan of Urban & city planning and human settlements sector for INDCs of Sri Lanka Physical performance Target 2017-2019 Subsector -Urban & city planning Strategy on -07 Strategy-Greening cities by introducing green areas to increase the green cover KPI-Percentage increase of local (urban areas and settlement) green cover and environmental services related to green cover Action Responsible Output Indicator Time Line Agencies 2017 2018 2019 01 Collect information and study the manmade green areas in urban areas UDA, MH&C Number. of green areas XXX and settlements 02 Identify the requirement of new green areas except areas under the project UDA, MH&C Number. of green area XXX upto 2020 03 Calculate potential sink capacity of the green area in the above 2 MMD&E , UDA Giga grames of carbon XXX 169 04 Categorize required green areas mention in above 2 UDA, MH&C Number. of categories XXX 05 Prepare action plan for greening urban areas and settlements for green MMP&WD, UDA Number. of action plans XXX areas in the above 2 06 Prepare basic landscape designs for the green areas mention in above 2 UDA Number. of landscape XXX XXX designs 07 Conduct (mini) SEA for action plan and identify all mitigation measures MMP&WD Number of SEAs XXX to minimize the environment impacts. 08 Formulate projects, obtain required approvals and make institutional MMP&WD, UDA, Number of approved XXX arrangements MH&C projects, Number. of units 09 Donor coordination and provide financial assistance for action plan MMD&E Number of Donor, XXX XXX XXX preparation amount of funds 170 171 172 Introduction According to the Davos Declaration signed during the second International Conference on Tourism and Climate Change; tourism is estimated to contribute at least 5% of global CO2 emissions. The sector contributes to the global economy as well as local economy to a great extent. In the process of preparing INDCs special attention needs to be given to reduce the sector’s GHG emission levels and pave the way for into sustainable tourism. Being a tropical island nation, Sri Lanka is an attractive destination for tourists. Among the country’s attractions are scenic and sunny beaches, cultural heritage, ecological endowments of rich biodiversity, opportunities for nature recreation (e.g. whale watching, beach surfing, wildlife watching) as well as comfortable climate zones. Climate change can affect the desirable characteristics associated with each of those attractions, thereby creating problems for the operational undertaking of travelling and leisure activities. Furthermore, it can affect infrastructure facilities of the tourism industry making them vulnerable to various hazards. Tourism industry, by its nature, is highly sensitive and susceptible to disturbing conditions such as natural disasters and violence. Hence, maintaining Sri Lanka’s position as an attractive destination and ensuring efficient operation of the industry under rising incidence of climate hazards, needs to take into account carefully planned adaptation measures. At the same time consequences of climate change may result in loss of livelihood and jobs in various sectors such as agriculture, fisheries and livestock. Tourism and recreation sector would be an area wherein more livelihoods options and jobs can be sourced without affecting the structures of the existing environment and national economy. Nature based tourism and recreational activities can be enhanced despite future climate change impacts. Improving nature based tourism and recreational activities would encourage local community to protect their environment as they provide livelihoods for many people. Stakeholders in tourism sector in Sri Lanka may have engage in terms of taking actions which take into consideration environmental friendly ways of preserving ecosystem and sharing responsibilities with other national and local agencies in managing ecosystems for a longer run. In this context potential adaptation options in Tourism and recreational sector would curb current tourism trends with increasing waste generation and over exploitation of resources around, and transition into more sustainable energy consuming environment friendly alternatives. 173 1. INDCs of Tourism and Recreational Sector 1. Adjustment of tourism and recreation industry to altered conditions of the destinations. 2. Increase the preparedness of tourism and recreation operation to extreme weather conditions. 3. Assess the current promotional strategies in connection to emerging scenarios of climate change; beach tourism and nature destinations. 4. Improve energy efficiency in tourism establishments by using available best alternative environmental friendly energy sources, solar and wind power, biomass. 5. Introduce resources management mechanism into tourism in order to minimize damage to the existing ecosystem by contributing in waste management, solid and waste water, in tourism areas which could affect to the ecosystem. 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policy INDCs Number 1 Enhancement of tourism development focusing on climate 1 change and its impacts 2 Arrange necessary remediation action on the preparedness of 2 tourism and recreation operation due to extreme weather conditions 3 Introduction of promotional strategies to tourism and nature 3 destinations special attention to climate change impacts scenarios 4 Introduce waste management, solid and waste water, in 4 tourism areas 5 Revision of current policies, regulations and guidelines 5 Development of management plan 174 175 Tourism and recreational Sector 2. Increase the preparedness of tourism and recreation operation to extreme weather conditions INDCs-2 Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019

2.1 IDENTIFY TOURISM FACILITIES IN VULNERABLE SLTDA Tourism Zones/    AREAS Tourism 

2.1.1 Conduct study on vulnerable areas of tourism by SLTDA Activities  in assistance with relevant line ministries (Meteorology  department / CC&CRMD / Fisheries Department / NBRO / Disaster Management and Wildlife)

2.1.2 Conduct potential study on extreme climate conditions SLTDA Extreme    and its challenges towards tourism industry with Climatic recommendations to overcome the challenges. Conditions identified / Challenges vs remedies 176 2.2 PREPARE GUIDELINE ON EMERGENCIES IN TOUR SLTDA Best Practises    OPERATION of Competitive

2.2.1 Identify best practices of emergency handling in developed destinations destinations in the world. (Collect data guidelines from other competitive destinations)

2.2.2 Prepare/amend emergency management system for hotels. SLTDA Response Time   

2.2.3 Prepare guidelines to overcome the outcome of the study SLTDA Best applicable    with the participation of private sector (SLITO, THASL, and guidelines TAASL) and relevant government agencies mentioned above.

2.3 TRAIN TOUR OPERATORS ON EMERGENCY SLTDA Number of    MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES sessions per

2.3.1 Conduct awareness programmes for stakeholders (travel annum / drills agents / tour operators / hoteliers…etc.) for emergency situations

2.4 DESIGN TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE TO MEET THE SLTDA Infrastructure    SAFETY NEEDS OF OPERATION Units and

2.4.1 Identify the infrastructure requirement in a disaster categories situation in corporation with disaster management centres.

2.5 ESTABLISH EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION SLTDA Potential    CHANNELS FOR TOURIST AND OPERATORS2.5.1 Identify channels the potential communication channels (Ex. Apps, Guidebooks, identified Links to Hotel websites, Inter Airport communication systems, etc)

2.5.2 Establish communication devises SLTDA Communication    methods

2.6 DEVELOP A SYSTEM FOR TIMELY ISSUING OF SHORT SLTDA Best systems /    TERM WEATHER FORECAST practices

2.6.1 Research and identify the best systems of issuing weather applicable to SL forecasts to foreigners. 177 2.6.2 Develop test model in collaboration with media SLTDA Number of    communication partners (pvt/gvt) and metrology department and defects forces. identified / How many preventable?

2.6.3 Implementation SLTDA   

2.7 STRENGTHEN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM SLTDA Existing local    Conduct study on existing local system and best practices in practices / Best other competitive destinations. global practices can be incorporated to SL system

2.8 Develop gap analysis in collaboration with related line agencies SLTDA Identified    for tourism. related agencies / gaps

2.9 Identify responsible other institutions to implement such INDCs SLTDA Number of    responsible  178 INDCs CC&CRMD, CEA 8 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to implement the SLTDA INDC and build capacity accordingly 9 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs, etc) SLTDA 10 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and SLTDA unconditional) 11 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement the SLTDA, SLTPB INDCs 12 Prepare a BoQ for the Plan SLTDA, CC&CRMD 13 Develop new strategies for this sector 14 Develop a continuous programme to plant trees when tourists SLTPB, SLTDA, At least 60% of come to Sri Lanka before their departure through an introduced CC&CRMD, Dept. of the tourists mechanism (contributing US$ 1 for each plant for the future Forest Conservation, visiting Sri maintenance of the trees and visitors can see the plants through CEA, Ministry of Lanka to internet through a technical chip how it grows. And the lands Tourism Development, contribute for should be provided by the Ministry of Tourism, Dept. of Forest UDA this programme 179 Conservation, UDA, CC&CRMD, etc. by as a model concept for Sri Lanka) 15 Continue campaign with involvement of all three forces SLTPB, SLTDA, 1. Identify the including Sri Lanka Police, Coast Guard Dept. together with CC&CRMD, Dept. of relevant government, private sector organizations including NGOs, Forest Conservation, organizations/C school children and local community to engage to set up a best CEA, Respective ommunity beach in respective coastal areas in each district. Introduce a provincial council, groups for rewarding system to in order to encourage the community by MEPA setting up best providing awards for the community who maintain a best beach beaches in the respective districts through a rating system. 2. Identify criterion for incentive programme 3.Incentive programe for the community groups/relevant organizations best beaches 16 Introduce a waste management system including solid & water SLTPB, SLTDA, 1. Relevant in selected tourist destinations including beach areas and CC&CRMD, Dept. of areas to be introduce a mechanism to recycle the plastic, polythene and re- Forest Conservation, identified use the same by introducing an incentive system to produce CEA, Respective through a compost as a byproduct as a construction project. Further, provincial council, survey compost generated by the above plants will be using for the tree MEPA, UDA 2.Feasibility plantation project mentioned in the above Ref. Number. 14 for study to be long term sustainable tourism project. carried out on this to find out required capacity & construction methodologies 180 according to the area 3. Project plan for implement the project 17 Conduct promotional plan to set up & encourage local SLTPB, SLTDA, 1.Relevant community, government. & private organizations, NGO’s, CC&CRMD, Dept. of areas to be school children to engage in planting trees using suitable Forest Conservation, identified varieties of plants near lagoon areas, canals, rivers in the country CEA, Respective through a in order to create green covers, increase bio diversity and also to provincial council, survey make avenues to promote the area as alternative tourist places in MEPA, UDA, Education 2. Report on order to reduce the carrying capacity in popular tourist Dept., Universities, selection of destinations. (Coral plantation project in the respective coastal Education Institutes, related areas. NGO’s, NARA stakeholder categories 3. Project plan for implement the project 18 Conduct promotional plan to create avenues for tourists by SLTPB, SLTDA, 1.Relevant introducing lesser known sites around most popular tourist CC&CRMD, Dept. of areas to be attraction places in order to reduce the carrying capacity and to Forest Conservation, identified promote the destinations in consideration with future country CEA, Respective through a promotions and provide maximum economic benefits to the provincial council, survey local community in the areas. MEPA, UDA, Education 2. Promotional Dept., Universities, & conservation Education Institutes, plan to promote NGO’s the sites in sustainable manner 19 Conduct awareness creation campaign targeting all stakeholders SLTPB, SLTDA, Dept. 1.Relevant to conserve & protect the bio diversity through setting up of Forest Conservation, areas to be 181 butterfly gardens in the country. CEA, Education Dept., identified Universities, Education through a Institutes, Ministry if survey Environment & 2. Report on Mahaweli Development, selection of NGO’s related stakeholder categories 3. Project plan for implement the project 20 Promote other special interest tourist attraction segments for the SLTDA, SLTPB, Sri 1. Relevant tourists by involving all related stakeholders Eg. Ship Wrecks, Lanka NAVY, CCF, segments to be Dept. of Archeology, identified NARA, MEPA through a study 2. Identification of stakeholders for the project 3.Implementatio n plan Tourism and recreational Sector 4. Improve energy efficiency in tourism establishments by using available best alternative INDCs-4 environmental friendly energy sources, solar and wind power, biomass Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Conduct a survey to collect the existing information about SLTDA and Sri Lanka Survey Report energy utilization Sustainable Energy on Green Authority Energy Utilization 2 Identify policy gaps to implement such INDCs and amendment SLTDA and Central A Report on of policy if necessary Environment Authority Policy Gap 182 Identification in implementation of INDCs 3 Identify responsible and other institutions to implement the SLTDA, CEA, NERD A Stakeholder INDCs CENTRE, SEA. Mapping Matrix for Implementation of INDCs 4 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to implement the SLTDA, Report on INDC and build capacity accordingly SEA. training UNIVERSITY OF requirement for MORATUWA. SLTDA staff for implementation of INDCS Capacity Building Programmes 5 Calculate technology requirements (equipment needs, etc) SLTDA, SLTPB, Technology Sustainable Energy Requirement Authority Report in NERD Centre Tourism Industry 6 Calculate financial requirements (conditional and SLTDA and Sustainable Financial Plan unconditional) Energy Authority for Investment Banks in Sri Lanka on green energy in Tourism sector 7 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement the SLTDA and Sustainable Project Plan for INDCs Energy Authority Implementation University of Moratuwa of INDCs 8 Prepare a Bill of Quantity (BOQ) for the Plan SLTDA and Sustainable BOQ Energy Authority 183 Other Proposed Actions 9 Promote usage of Green Energy sources for new investment BOI Introduce tax projects in tourism industry CEA holidays SLTDA through BOI for the project over 50 million /investment ceiling for tax concessions or holidays. 10 Encourage foreign investors or foreign experts on investment in SLTDA, SLTPB International green energy power plants through international conferences Investment and/or MOUs Forums theme on Green Energy sources in tourism industry 11 Introduce a recognition system to identify as a “sustainable SLTDA, CEA, A guideline for tourism partner” SUSTAINABLE recognition ENERGY AUTH. system to recognize as an “Energy Star” Introduction of “Energy Star” 12 Introduce an “Energy Audit System” in tourism industry SLTDA, provincial Energy Audit council members system and Energy audit team 13 Establish energy consumption control methods including SLTDA Update the occupancy sensors/light controls, master cards and even Mandatory computerized building management system as a mandatory requirement list requirements to get registration from SLTDA. for registration 184 Tourism and recreational Sector 5. Introduce resource management mechanisms into tourism in order to minimize damage to INDCs-5 existing ecosystem by contributing in waste management, solid and waste water, in tourism areas which could affect to the ecosystem Action Responsible Agencies Output Time Line Indicators 2017 2018 2019 1 Identify adequacy of policies to implement the INDCs MTDCRA % 2 Identify responsible and other organization to implement the MTDCRA % INDCs 3 Identify adequacy of institutional capacity to implement the MTDCRA % INDC 4 Identify gap to implement the INDCs MTDCRA % 5 Study the current waste management mechanism in tourist sector SLTDA % 6 Identify possible mechanism to eliminate damage SLTDA % 7 Disseminate information by various modes SLTDA % 8 Calculate technology and research requirements (equipment MTDCRA % needs, etc) 9 Calculate financial requirements MTDCRA % 10 Prepare a full project implementation plan to implement such MTDCRA % INDCs 11 Prepare a Bill of Quantity (BOQ) for the plan MTDCRA % 185 186 187 188 Introduction Following the requests by the developing world for the need to focus on loss and damage from climate impacts, COP 19 of the UNFCCC held in Warsaw, established the 'Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage with the objective to address losses and damages associated with adverse impacts of climate change at the international level. The changes of climate and impacts of climate change subject Sri Lanka to new challenges and risks. Recent decades have seen a significant growth in the number and severity of reported climate induced disasters. Climate change is altering the face of disasters, not only through increased weather-related and other hydro-climatologically risks, but also through increased risks on social, economic, and environmental vulnerabilities. Losses and damages Sri Lanka face due to impacts of climate change cost the country high amount in financial resource needs each year. According to the data provided by the National Disaster Relief Services Centre, the total relief expenditure for the period of 2007-2011 was SLR 1,786 million (US$12.75million) which was borne by the Consolidated Fund of Sri Lanka. Nevertheless, this calculation has been done without considering the damages to infrastructure as well as other physical damages. According to the Integrated Post Flood Assessment in May 2010 carried out after the floods in the Western and Southern provinces by the Disaster Management Centre of the Ministry of Disaster Management, the total damages and losses from the floods amounted to over SLR 5,000 million (US$ 35.71 million). 1. INDCs for Loss and Damage: 1. Improve the forecasting capabilities –at all time scales

1.1. Enhance the existing automated observational network

1.2. Implement the lightning detection network

1.3. Improve the numerical weather prediction capacity with data assimilation

1.4 Improve the weather forecasting capabilities – extended range forecasting (longer period) and seasonal forecasting 2. Analysis of total loss and damage of climate induced disasters from 2000 and the gap that was not compensated/recovered. This includes making recommendations to establish a mechanism at the national level which will contribute to the Warsaw International Mechanisms for Loss and Damage in an effective and efficient manner. 3. Establish a local mechanism in line with the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage. 4. Strengthen the existing national mechanism to recover the loss and damage to the maximum possible. 5. Introduction of possible insurance schemes to recover the loss and damage to livelihood, properties, infrastructure, agriculture and fisheries, and other affected sectors due to adverse impacts of climate change. 189 2. Strategic Policies Number Strategic Policies INDCs Number 1. Institutional capacity for observing and forecasting 1 meteorological related hazards in Sri Lanka is developed 2 Capacity of institutions involved in assessing the loss and 2 and 3 damage related to climate change induce disasters is enhanced 3 Institutional capacity to develop plans for disaster recovery 4 and implementation is strengthened 4 Mechanism should be in place to transfer or share disaster risk 5 among parties best place to manage it. 190 3. Readiness Action Plan Loss and Damage Sector INDC-1 1.Improve the forecasting capabilities –at all time scales Action Responsible Output Indicators Timeline Agency 2017 2018 2019 1. Fine-tune the proposal to upgrade the forecasting capabilities of the Department of Meteorology consisting of

1.1 Institutional strengthening

1.2 Training and capacity building A fine-tuned proposal available, which

1.3 Modernise observation system infrastructure X addresses the deficiencies 1.1 to 1.7

1.4 Modernise data, communication and IT systems Department of

1.5 Improve numerical weather prediction systems Meteorology

1.6 Improve the hydrological forecasting system

1.7 Improve service delivery 191 2. Seek necessary approvals for implementation Proposal approved for implementation X 3. Identify a funding source Funding secured X Improved weather and climate 4. Implement the proposal forecasting, early warning and user X X services 5. Conduct multi hazard risk profiles for all major DMC/NBRO/ ID Multi hazard risk profiles are available X X climatological hazards 6. Review and identify gaps in the current EW system DMC/DOM/NB covering aspects such as knowledge of the risk, technical RO/ID Recommendation for improvement of monitoring and warning service, dissemination of X the EW system available meaningful warnings to at-risk people and public awareness and preparedness to act. DMC/DOM/NB RO/ID NEOP is in operation X 7. Develop comprehensive EW system and full Secure funding for developing the EW operationalization of the National Emergency Operations X system Plan Comprehensive island wide EW system X in place Disaster Public awareness campaign with the Management X support of mass media in place Centre /NDRSC/ Met Department/ Disaster preparedness plans for all districts and divisional levels are 8. Develop and launch public awareness campaign on NBRO available climatological disasters and conduct disaster preparedness Disaster risk incorporated development activities plans available for all high and X moderate risk villages 192 Disaster preparedness contingency plans are available for all above GN X divisions Loss and Damage Sector INDC-2 2. Analyse the total loss and damage of climate induced disasters from 2000 and the gap that was not compensated/recovered (This includes making recommendations to establish a mechanism at the national level which will contribute to the Warsaw International Mechanisms for Loss and Damage in an effective and efficient manner) Action Responsible Output Indicators Timeline Agency 2017 2018 2019 1. Study the process of the Warsaw International Mechanisms DMC Study report on the analysis and the X for Loss and damage and identify the areas relevant to relation to WIM assessing losses and damages based on the Warsaw International Mechanisms for Loss and damage 2. Estimate the damages and losses in the major climate DMC Damage and loss assessment reports for X induced disasters for the main sectors since 2000 major climate induced disasters covering the main sectors 3. Investigate the recovery /compensate programmes DMC Recovery/Compensation reports for X 193 implemented under main sectors with respect to the major major climate induced disasters climate induced disasters considered in activity 2 covering the main sectors 4. Identify the recovery/compensate gap in each sector with DMC Report on the gap analysis on damage X respect to the major climate induced disasters considered in and loss assessment and the recovery activity 2 , based on the each sector requirement programme implemented 5. Carry out SWOT analysis and proposed process for the DMC 1. SWOT analysis report X damage and loss assessment considering policy, legal 2. Submission or input provided to the institutional and technical aspects. Idenfity opportunities to WIM/ negotiations on loss and damage contribute to the WIM process 6. Strengthen dialogue, coordination, coherence and synergies DMC 1 Mechanism available to collect data X X among relevant sector agencies to assess the damage and on loss and damage in each sector losses due to climate induced disasters 2.National level forums to discuss the best practices, challenges, experiences and lessons learned in undertaking approaches to address loss and damage 7. Enhance knowledge and understanding of comprehensive DMC 1 Risk assessment methodologies and X X risk management approaches to address loss and damage guidelines available associated with the adverse effects of climate change, 2.Tools and guidelines for mainstreaming DRR into development sectors available 3.Risk sensitive investment guidelines available 8. Prepare finance, technology and capacity-building, DMC Detailed budget for implementation X requirement reports in detail to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change Loss and Damage Sector INDC-3 3.Establish a local mechanism in line with Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Action Responsible Output Indicators Timeline Agency 2017 2018 2019 194 1. Establish the a local mechanism in line with the Warsaw DMC Local mechanism in line with the X X X International Mechanisms for Loss and damage focusing on Warsaw International Mechanisms for the action areas of the WIM loss and damage to forecast extreme weather events available 2. Conduct in depth study on vulnerability of the elements at DMC Vulnerability assessment for major X X X risk in each major sectors sectors available and risk transferring and sharing options identified 3. Develop scenarios on the extreme weather events and the DMC Scenarios available vulnerability X X 4. Assess and monitor loss and damage scenarios DMC Assessment and monitoring mechanism X X available 5. Prepare finance, technology and capacity-building, DMC Detailed budget for implementation X requirements reports in details to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change 6. Establish a coordination system for multi-stakeholder DMC Coordination mechanism in place X X X engagement related to the action areas of the WIM, and for knowledge sharing on thematic issues Loss and Damage Sector INDC-4 4.Strengthen the existing national mechanism to recover the loss and damage to the maximum possible Action Responsible Output Indicators Timeline Agency 2017 2018 2019 1. Conduct an in depth study on the existing mechanism to DMC Study report available X recover loss and damage 2. Identify strengths and weaknesses of the existing mechanism DMC Report on strengthens and weakness of X the existing mechanism 3. Recommend an appropriate mechanism and make DMC Recommendation report available X X recommendation to strengthen existing mechanisms 4. Prepare finance, technology and capacity-building, DMC Detail budget for the implementation X requirement reports in details to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change 195 Loss and Damage Sector INDC-5 5.Introduction of possible insurance schemes to recover loss and damage to livelihood, properties, infrastructures, agriculture and fisheries and other affected sectors due to climate change adverse impacts Action Responsible Output Indicators Timeline Agency 2017 2018 2019 1. Identify insurance companies to recover the loss and damage MDM/NDRSC X List of capable insurance companies related climate change adverse impacts 2. Identify possible available insurance schemes to recover the MDM/NDRSC List of / number of available insurance X loss and damage related to adverse impacts of climate schemes change 3. Establish a mechanism to assess the national and local level MDM/NDRSC X X Availability of the mechanism loss and damage requirement 4. Review the existing insurance policies and amend the MDM/NDRSC Availability of a National Insurance X policies if necessary Policy 5. Identify responsible and other institutions for implementing MDM Availability of a data base for relevant X the INDCs agencies 6. Identify technology requirements (equipment needs and etc.) MDM Availability of equipment X X 7. Identify financial requirement MDM Availability of funds X X X MDM Availability of a comprehensive X 8. Prepare the implementation plan implementation plan 196 Means of Implementation Fourth group of INDCs for Sri Lanka falls under means of implementation, and caters to the mode in which the contributions country is willing to make will be operationalised. This includes the institutional structure, as well as the support which needs to be mobilised for the implementation of the INDCs. The means of implementation of INDCs of Sri Lanka requires three pre-conditions: Finance - Finance is a crucial factor in achieving the set targets. The Sri Lankan government is willing to contribute its finances to achieve the target but the level of ambition will always be high with supported actions. As a developing nation, the enhanced finance for adaptation and low carbon development will be a necessity to achieve the set intended conditional targets. There needs to be a methodology to address the needs of financial resources measuring the financial needs for each sector and the divisions of contribution at the national budgetary level, and the evaluation of the feasibility and the availability of international funding. In the implementation of the INDCs, and resource mobilization for their implementation, a transparent and accountable means of monitoring and reporting, as well as verification needs to be set up. This could be developed at the country level to reflect the international standards of MRV as per the Paris Agreement, and adapted to the countries needs and capacity for implementation. Technology - Predominantly mitigation technology transfer and scaling up adaptation technologies are required without burdening the country’s socio-economic development. The INDCs can be achieved with the right mix of access, affordability and scale of technologies. In addressing countries technology needs for the implementation of the INDCs, a technology needs assessment for each sector for the implementation of the contributions will be needed. The financial and technical support required for this will need to be assessed and incorporated into the needs for financial support requested at the national and international level for implementing the INDCs. Further, there needs to be an evaluation of the technology available at the national level, and the level at which international technological support is needed. This will be done in partnership with the relevant line ministries, with the coordination lead by the Ministry of Environment and Mahaweli Development, and the relevant departments. In utilization of technology that will contribute to the implementation of Sri Lanka’s INDCs, it is vital that local technology will be prioritized, used when available and promoted for use and supported for development to be used in the implementation of the INDCs of Sri Lanka. 197 Relevant line ministries will be invited and requested to lead the process of assessing the availability, the suitability, and ways to promote and facilitate the development for the use of local based technologies in the implementation of INDCs in Sri Lanka. Capacity Building - (Human Resource Development and Institutional Mechanism) Climate change impacts are not limited to impacts of infrastructure, and also includes impacts to humans and ecosystems. It is important that Sri Lanka develops an appropriate institutional mechanisms to ensure climate change is mainstreamed into development processes, while focusing on infrastructure development as well as human resource development, and also the resilience building of individuals to adapt to adverse effects of climate change. Investing in time and resources for capacity building to address impacts of climate change will ensure a higher degree of deviation from the BAU emission projections while resilience built will contribute to reducing loss and damage. An appropriate institutional mechanism needs to be set up, and this will be done in consultation with the relevant sectoral ministries, as well as multi-stakeholder engagement. In the capacity building efforts, different actors will be reached out to for contributions based on their expertise. This will include multiple stakeholders including, but not limited to policy makers, private sector, CSOs, academia, media, as well as individual experts in sectoral and cross cutting themes. Capacity building in a structured and institutional manner will help to execute the integrated plans and utilize the finances effectively and efficiently. The institutional mechanisms encompass coordination bodies, engagement platforms and communication channels. Lack of capacities in terms of data proved to be a barrier for Sri Lanka as to many other developing country parties in the INDC development process, and in the readiness activities of each sector the need for data collection and resource mobilizing for data collection will be included. In order to effectively and gradually implement the capacity building on climate change, and address the capacity needs of Sri Lanka to implement the proposed INDCs, an independent institutional mechanism is proposed to be set up, with multiple stakeholders being included, and also an operationalization mechanism falling under the proposed Climate Change Commission Act. Implementation Mechanism INDCs of Sri Lanka will be implemented under the guidance of the Climate Change Commission of Sri Lanka, in coordination with the relevant ministries. A coordinating body consisting of relevant ministries will provide input to the implementation of INDCs, while the monitoring, reporting and verification component of the INDCs implementation is entrusted to the Climate 198 Change Commission of Sri Lanka, within the Ministry of Environment and Mahaweli Development of Sri Lanka. The Commission will implement the INDCs based on the Climate Change Commission Act of Sri Lanka, which is to be ratified for the purpose of setting up the Commission, and will also be governed as applicable by the international laws and agreements including and not limited to the Paris Agreement on climate change, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Hugot Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction, and other relevant international law and regional agreements relevant and applicable. 199