National Policy on Green Procurement

cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;if National Policy on Green Procurement cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrch mßir wud;HdxYh 2023 ii cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh m%ldYk whs;sh © mßir wud;HdxYh ISBN 978-624-5817-50-4 m%:u uqøKh 2024 m%ldYkh mßir ie,iqï iy wd¾Ól wxYh mßir wud;HdxYh zfidndoï mshiZ 416$iS$1" frdnÜ .=Kj¾Ok udj;" n;a;ruq,a, msgq ieliqu whsähd wd¾Üia cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha wud;H uKav,h úiska 2023 cq,s ui 24 Èk wkqu; lrk ,§' ^wud;H uKav, ;SrK wxl- wum$23$1306$622$016& iii mgqk 1'0 m%;sm;a;sfha ku 1 2'0 l%shd;aul ùfï Èkh 1 3'0 ye¢kaùu 1 I. miqìu 1 II. idOdrŒlrKh 4 4'0 ud¾f.damfoaY uQ,O¾u 4 5'0 wod<;ajh iy úIh m:h 5 6'0 m%;sm;a;s mrud¾: 6 7'0 m%;sm;a;suh wruqKq 6 8'0 m%;sm;a;s m%ldY 7 8'1 NdKav" jev iy fiajd w¾: oelaùu iy ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu 7 8'2 oekqj;a lsÍu" oekqï l<ukdlrKh iy Odß;d j¾Okh 8 8'3 kS;suh hdka;%Kh iy wdrjq,a úi£u 8 8'4 wëlaIKh" ;yjqre lsÍu" we.hSu iy jd¾;d lsÍu 8 8'5 m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu iy wëlaIKh i|yd jk wdh;ksl hdka;%Kh 9 8'6 foaYSh ksIamdolhka i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu 10 8'7 uQ,H hdka;%Kh 10 8'8 cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;dj 10 9'0 m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 11 9'1 NdKav" jev iy fiajd w¾: oelaùu iy ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu 11 9'2 oekqj;a lsÍu" oekqï l<ukdlrKh iy Odß;d j¾Okh 13 9'3 ffk;sl hdka;%Kh iy wdrjq,a úi£u 14 9'4 wëlaIKh" ;yjqre lsÍu" we.hSu iy jd¾;d lsÍu 15 9'5 m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï iy wëlaIKh lsÍfï wdh;ksl hdka;%Kh 16 9'6 foaYSh ksIamdolhka i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu 18 9'7 uQ,H hdka;%Kh 19 9'8 wka;¾cd;sl iyfhda.S;dj 20 mdßNdIsl Yío ud,dj 21 weuqKqï 28 iv 1 1'0 m%;sm;a;sfha ku cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh 2'0 l%shd;aul ùfï Èkh 2023'07'24 3'0 ye¢kaùu I. miqìu f,dj mqrd we;s ù ;sfnk n,Yla;s" c, yd uQ,H w¾nqo ksid j¾;udkfhys úúOdldr jQ iudc-wd¾Óluh iy mdßißl .eg¿ rdYshla ks¾udKh ù we;s w;r ish¨‍ cd;Ska fuu .eg¿ w;aú¢kq ,nhs' mDÓúfhys ffcj Odß;djh mßir moaO;sh u; we;s tal mqoa., b,a¨‍u ^mdßißl mshigyk& by< hdu fukau f,dal ck.ykh j¾Okh fya;=fjka l%ufhka laISK fjñka mj;S' iajNdúl iïm;a iSudldÍ jk w;r úfYaIfhkau mqk¾ckkh fkdjk iïm;a wêl f,i Wmfhdackhg ,laùu ksid fõ.fhka laIh fjñka mj;S' iajNdúl iïm;a laIhùu i|yd jvd;au fya;=ldrl idOl jkafka ;srir fkdjk mßfNdack rgd iy ksIamdok ms<sfj;a h' tla w;lska" f.da,ShlrKh Okd;aul f,i f,dalfha rgj, wd¾Ólhka tlsfkl hd lr we;s kuq;a" wfkla w;ska" foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi jeks mdßißl n,mEï foaYiSud blaujd hñka f,dalh ;=< jHdma; fjñka mj;S' fuu ;;a;ajhg m%;spdrhla f,i" wka;¾cd;sl ;srir ksIamdok fj<|fmd< j¾Okh fjñka mj;S' fuu m%jK;djfhys ÈYdk;sh kj fj<|fmd< iy ksIamdok fyda uQ,H m%;s,dN i|yd muKla iSud fkdfõ' th ;srirNdjh ms<sn|j oekqu j¾Okh lsÍu;a" úYajdikSh yjq,aldÍ;ajhka f.dvke.Su;a isÿ lrk 2 w;r fmr<sldÍ kfjda;amdokhka iy jeäÈhqKq l< fj<| ikakduhka we;s lsÍug uÕ fmkajhs' iïm;a ld¾hlaIu iy ;srir f,i l<ukdlrKh lsÍu ms<sn|j m%Odk ld¾hNdrhla rch úiska bgq lrhs' iïm;a Ndú;h iïnkaOj" 2006 j¾Ifha § cd;sl m%iïmdok ksfhdað;dh;kh úiska m%ldYhg m;alrk ,o rdcH m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaY YS% ,xld rch úiska ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nhs' rdcH m%iïmdok ls%hdj,sh u.ska by< msßjeh ld¾hlaIu;dj" ld, rduqj yd m%iïmdokfhys .=Kd;aulNdjh ;yjqre lsÍu yryd wju msßjeh iy by< .=Kd;aulNdjh idlaId;a l< hq;= h' flfia fj;;a" by; i|yka m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaYhka ;=< rch úiska ñ,§ .kq ,nk NdKav" jev iy fiajdjkaj, mdßißl ld¾hidOkhka ms<sn|j we;=<;a fkdfõ' tneúka" rdcH m%iïmdok ls%hdj,sh ;=< mdßißl ld¾hidOk m%;sIaGdjka Ndú;h taldnoaO lsÍu ;=<ska" mdßißl fhda.H;djfhka hq;= NdKav" jev iy fiajd i|yd jk b,a¨‍ug n,mEula we;s lsÍug;a" fj<|fmd< ;=< mdßißl m%ñ;Ska Ndú;h ;jÿrg;a m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd we;s wjYH;djhg m%;spdr oelaùu i|yd l¾udka; wxYfhys we;s yelshdjg n,mEula we;s lsÍug;a" rchg yelshdjla mj;S' we;eï ksIamdok iy fiajd wxY úiska oekgu;a wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk fuu moaO;sh iuÕ iïnkaO ùug mqoa.,sl wxYh l%udkql+,j Èßu;a lsÍu o isÿ l< yelsh' yß; m%iïmdokh hkq uqo,g iß,k jákdlu hk ikao¾Nh ;=< msysgñka mdßißl n,mEï wju lrkq ,nk NdKav" jev iy fiajd f;dard .ekSfï l%ufõohhs' ie,iqï lsÍu" w;am;a lr .ekSu" Ndú;h iy neyer lsÍu we;=¿ mdßißl ld¾hidOk m%;sIaGdjka m%iïmdok ls%hdj,sh ;=< taldnoaO lsÍu fuys § wjYH fõ' fuu ikao¾Nh ;=< §" 3 uqo,g iß,k jákdlu hkafkys" ñ,g .ekSfï msßjehg wu;rj ld¾hidOkh" iq,N;djh" .=Kd;aulNdjh iy mdßißl ld¾hidOkh jeks lreKq rdYshla i,ld ne,Su ms<sn|j wka;¾.; fõ' imhd .kq ,nk NdKav" jev iy fiajdjkays Ôjk pl% we.hSug wod< mdßißl wx.hka iy isÿúh yels n,mEï" iy msßjeh ms<sn| wjfndaOh o yß; m%iïmdokfhys § wjYH fõ' yß; m%iïmdokh hkq yß;d.dr jdhq úfudapkh wju lsÍu" m%;splS%lrKh i|yd Wkkaÿj we;s lrñka n,Yla;s ld¾hlaIu;dj iy c, ld¾hlaIu;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu jeks mdßißl wNs,dIhka idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd rdcH wêldß;ajh úiska Ndú; l< yels m%N, fuj,uls' m%iïmdokh Ndú;h u.ska ksYaÑ; mdßißl m%;sM, idlaId;a lr .ksñka bÈß ls%hdldß;ajh i|yd ;SrK .kq ,nk wjia:djkays §" fuu ;SrK u.ska mßirh iïnkaO lreKq úoHdudk lsÍu iy" mdßißl fhda.H;djfhka hq;= NdKav" fiajd iy l%shdj,s Ndú; lsÍu i|yd l¾udka; lafIa;%fha iy mqrjeishka ;=< wkqn,hla we;s lsÍu¦ kfjda;amdok iy fj<ofmd< ixj¾Okh fukau mdßißl fhda.H;djfhka hq;= NdKav" jev iy fiajd b,a¨‍u i|yd W;af;ackhla we;s lsÍu¦ ke.S tk mßir ys;ldó ;dlaI‚l l%ufõohka iy rg ;=< l=i,;d mQ¾K udkj iïm;a moku i|yd iyh ùu hkdÈh wfmalaId lrhs' m%iïmdok pl%h ;=<g yß; ixl,am wka;¾.; lsÍfï rduqj ;=< msysgñka" m%;sm;a;sh ;srir f,i l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd myiqlï iemhSug wjYH mßirh ilia lrñka" ud¾f.damfoaY uQ,O¾u" m%;sm;a;s m%ldY iy Wmdhud¾. ud,djla yryd rfgys ;srir ixj¾Okhg myiqlï ie,iSu isÿlsÍu i|yd cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh ilia lr we;' 4 II. idOdrKSlrKh rdcH m%iïmdokh i|yd mdßißl iy iudchSh ixrplhka we;=<;a lsÍu ;=<ska foaYSh iy f.da,Sh mßirh flfrys jk n,mEu wju lsÍug;a" ne£ï ^liabilities& wju lsÍug;a fukau rfgys mdßißl iy iudchSh .=Kd;aulNdjh by< kexùug;a rdcH wxYhg odhl úh yels fõ' fuu m%;sm;a;sh 12 jk ;srir ixj¾Ok wNsu;d¾:h jk ;srir mßfNdack iy ksIamdok rgdjka iy;sl lsÍu iy úfYaIfhkau 12'7 jk b,lalh jk cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy m%uqL;djhka wkqj ;srir rdcH m%iïmdok Ndú;hka m%j¾Okh lsÍu hkak Rcqj b,lal.; lrhs' 4'0 ud¾f.damfoaY uQ,O¾u w' ;srir ixj¾Ok rduqj ;=< msysgñka wd¾Ól" iudchSh yd mdßißl ixj¾Ok wNsfhda.hka ch.; hq;= h' wd' m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh ;=< § wkjYH ñ,§ .ekSï $ mßfNdackh¦ li< ckkh¦ OQ,l;djh¦ jdiia:dk úkdYh¦ mdxY= ydhkh" yß;d.dr jdhq úfudapkh" wju lsÍu yd $ fyda je<elaùu i|yd fhduqúh hq;= h' tfiau iïm;a ld¾hlaIu;djh" n,Yla;s ld¾hlaIu;djh¦ c, ld¾hlaIu;djh" uqo,g iß,k jákdlu" ;rÕldÍ jdis iy mdßißl f,an, iys; $ mßir ys;ldó NdKav $ fiajdjka ñ,§ .ekSu¦ ;srir wjia:d iy wdrlaIdj i|yd jQ wOHdmkh hkdÈh WmßulrKh i|yd o fhduq úh hq;= h' we' iïm;a Ndú;fha mdßißl ld¾hlaIu;djh iy M,odhs;djh fukau mßir .=Kd;aulNdjh j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd Ôjk pl% uQ,O¾u" ;srir ksIamdok yd mßfNdack uQ,O¾u" iy plS%h wd¾Ól uQ,O¾u fhdod.; hq;= h' 5 wE' ksIamdokfha § iy fiajd iemhSfï § tu Ôjk pl% ;=< isÿjk iïm;a mßfNdackh yels Wmßu m%udKfhka wju lsÍu i|yd iy mdßißl iy iudchSh j.lSï by< kexùu i|yd ¥IH lrkakd úiska f.ùfï uQ,O¾uh" mQ¾jdrlaIK uQ,O¾uh iy ksIamdolhdf.a úia;drKh jQ j.lSï ^ksIamdok Ndrldr;ajh& hk uQ,O¾uhka ls%hd;aul lsÍu l< hq;= h' b' uyck wruqo,a Ndú;fha úksúoNdjh yd ld¾hlaIu;dj ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd yß; m%iïmdok yd wod< whjehlrK i|yd jk kS;s Í;s iy l%shdmámdá wkq.ukh lsÍug ish¨‍ uÜgïj, § rdcH wdh;k ne£ isáh hq;= h' B' mdßißl j.ùu hkak rdcH m%iïmdokh M,odhs f,i l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd w;HjYH idOlhla f,i i,ld ikd: l< hq;= h' W' yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sfhys we;=<;a mdßißl ld¾hidOkh ish¨‍ uÜgïj, § hymd,kh iy;sl l< hq;= h' 5'0 wod<;ajh iy úIh m:h fuu yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh" rdcH m%;sm;a;sh iuÕ idudkHfhka ne£ mj;sk úhoï iy wdfhdack l%shdj,shla úh hq;= h' mj;akd rdcH m%iïmdok moaO;shg msßú;rhka iy we.hSï ks¾Kdhl iys;j yß; m%ñ;Ska we;=<;a l< hq;= h' th fm!oa.,sl wxYhg o iudkj fhdod.; yels úh hq;= w;r" Tjqkaf.a jHdmdr l<ukdlrK pl%hkag mdßißl ld¾hidOkhka wkqm%jdy.; lsÍug Èß.kajkq ,nhs' 6 6'0 m%;sm;a;s mrud¾: mdßfNda.sl yeisÍï fjkia lsÍu ;=<ska iïm;a ld¾hlaIu;djh by< kexùu" mßirh yd udkj iqNidOkh i|yd jk ksfYaOkd;aul n,mEï wju lsÍu iy ;srir ixj¾Okh i|yd iydh ùu Wfoid mßir ys;ldó m%iïmdokh m%j¾Okh lsÍu' rdcH m%iïmdokh ;=< wka;¾.; jk mdßißl iy iodpdrd;aul .=Kdx.hka" ld¾hlaIu rdcH wxYhla yd ;rÕldÍ jHdmdr wxYhla f.dvke.Su i|yd odhl úh hq;= h' 7'0 m%;sm;a;suh wruqKq w' mj;akd rdcH m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh ;=<g yß; m%iïmdok ixl,amh we;=<;a lsÍu¦ wd' ;srir ixj¾Okh i|yd jQ rcfha lemùu imqrd,Su fjkqfjka yß; m%iïmdok l%shdj,Ska l%shdjg kexùu i|yd meyeÈ,s uÕfmkaùula iy úêksfhda. hka ,nd §u¦ we' foaYSh iy mßir ys;ldó NdKav" jev iy fiajdjka Èßu;a lsÍu iy" foaYShj iy cd;Hka;r jYfhka Yla;su;a yd ;srir jQ fjf<|fmd<la ks¾udKh lsÍu¦ wE' mdßißl ld¾hidOkh yd ;dlaIKh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd foaYSh l¾udka; iy fiajd wxY fj; iyh ,nd §u iy tu wxY wNsfm%arKh lsÍu¦ b' m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh ;=< Ôjk pl% mdßißl msßjeh i,ld ne,Su¦ B' mßir ys;ldó foaYSh iemhqïlrejka cd,.; lsÍu m%j¾Okh lsÍu¦ 7 W' iudch ;=< yß; wd¾Ól ixl,amh Ôjk rgdjla f,i ms<s.ekSu iy W!' yß; wdfhdack Èßu;a lsÍu' 8'0 m%;sm;a;s m%ldY m%;sm;a;s wruqKq lrd <Õdùu i|yd uQ,O¾u u; mokï jQ m%;sm;a;s m%ldY ldKav 08la we;=<;a lr we;' fuu m%;sm;a;s m%ldY u.ska m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wjYH uÕ fmkaùu isÿ lrhs' l%shd;aul lsÍfï myiqj i|yd 9'0 jk mßÉfþoh ;=< wod< ldKavh hgf;a Wmdhud¾. we;=<;a lr we;' 8'1 NdKav" jev iy fiajd w¾: oelaùu iy ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu w' mßir ys;ldó NdKav" jev" fiajd iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;s i|yd we;s b,a¨‍ug n,mEula we;s lsÍu ms‚i" ish¨‍ uÜgïj,§" rdcH m%iïmdok ls%hdj,sh ;=< wka;¾.; mdßißl ld¾hidOk ms<sn| m%;sIaGdjka ksIamdok iy fiajdjkays iuia; Ôjk pl%h ;=< we;=<;a ù we;s nj ms<sìUq úh hq;= h' wd' NdKav" jev" fiajd iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;s¦ wruqK iy uqo,g iß,k jákdlu fukau mdßißl ld¾hidOkh wkqj l%shdldß;ajh hk wjYH;djhka yd .e,msh hq;= h' we' rdcH wxYh úiska fj<|fmdf<ys we;s" foaYShj ckkh lrk ,o miq Ndú; m%;sidê; øjH iy fmr Ndú; m%;sidê; øjH jeä m%;sY;hla iys; m%;spl%SlrKh lrk ,o øjH wvx.= iy m%;splS%lrK l< yels ksIamdok m%j¾Okh iy ñ,§ .ekSu isÿ lrkq we;' 8 8'2 oekqj;a lsÍu" oekqï l<ukdlrKh iy Odß;d j¾Okh w' rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ksIamdolhska" iemhqïlrejka" fldka;%d;alrejka" w;rueÈhka iy mdßfNda.slhska fukau idudkH ck;dj o mq¿,a f,i wdjrKh jk mßÈ ish¨‍u b,lal.; lKavdhï flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrk" iuia; yß; m%iïmdok moaO;s ld¾hidOkh ms<sn| m%;sfmdaIK i|yd m%fõYh iys;" hdka;%Khla iuÕ oekqj;a lsÍfï l%ufõo ilia lr l%shd;aul l< hq;= h' wd' M,odhs f,i cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍu ikd: lsÍu i|yd iy ish¨‍ uÜgïj, § mdßißl ld¾hidOkh taldnoaO lrñka moaO;s ld¾hlaIu;djhka wLKavj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd" oekqï l<ukdlrKh iy Odß;d j¾Ok wdlD;s $ l%ufõo ilia l< hq;= h' 8'3 kS;suh hdka;%Kh iy wdrjq,a úi£u w' Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha kS;s" yß; m%iïmdok l%shdldrlï i|yd o n,meje;aúh hq;= h' wd' mj;sk m%iïmdok ud¾f.damfoaYj,g" tys wkd.; hdj;ald,Sk lsÍïj,g wod<j iy Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha kS;s m%ldrj meñ‚,s iy wdrjq,a úi£fï l%shdldrlï isÿ l< hq;= h' 8'4 wëlaIKh" ;yjqre lsÍu" we.hSu iy jd¾;d lsÍu w' ffk;sl" mámdál iy hymd,kuh lreKq fukau iuia; iudc" mdßißl iy wd¾Ól lreKq ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lrñka fuu m%;sm;a;sfha 9 ld¾hidOkh wëlaIKh lsÍu" ;yjqre lsÍu" we.hSu iy jd¾;d lSÍu isÿ l< hq;= h' wd' mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh iuÕ iyfhda.S;djfhka" yß; m%iïmdok ld¾hidOkh ms<sn| iúia;rd;aul jd¾;djla m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh úiska jd¾Islj m%ldYhg m;a l< hq;= h' we' yß; m%iïmdok cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍfï § b,lalhka lrd t<öu u;=msáka oelaùug jvd mßirhg we;sjk i;H m%;s,dN ms<sn| i|yka jk w;sf¾l jd¾;djka mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh úiska ilia l< hq;= h' 8'5 m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu iy wëlaIKh i|yd jk wdh;ksl hdka;%Kh w' iuia; kshduk iy wdh;ksl taldnoaO;d¦ iy wëlaIK ld¾hh m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldßh fj; mejßh hq;= h' wd' m%iïmdok pl%h ;=<g yß; m%ñ;Ska iy msßú;r wka;¾.; lsÍu i|yd mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh" rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh iuÕ tlaj lghq;= l< hq;= h' we' yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh wëlaIKh lsÍu" ;yjqre lsÍu iy we.hSfuys j.lSu mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh iy rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh úiska tlaj oeßh hq;= h' wE' rfgys ish¨‍ mqrjeishkayg m%;sm;a;sh iy tys l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| f;dr;=rej,g myiqfjka m%fõY ùu i|yd iy m%;sfmdaIK ,nd §u i|yd mq¿,a iy úksúoNdjfhka hq;= hdka;%khla ia:dms; l< hq;= h' 10 8'6 foaYSh ksIamdolhka i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu w' iemhqïodufhys isák iq¿ yd uOH mßudK l¾udka;lrejka" iemhqïlrejka iy fjf<kaokayg Tjqkaf.a ksIamdok" jev" fiajdjka iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;sj, Ôjk pl% ;=<g yß; ixl,am we;=<;a lr .ekSug Èßu;a l< hq;= h' wd' foaYSh ksIamdolhkayg myiqfjka m%fõY úh yels whqßka m%;S;kh l< Yla;su;a iy;sllrK moaO;s iy m%ñ;Ska y÷kajd Èh hq;= h' 8'7 uQ,H hdka;%Kh w' yß; fj<|fmd< moaO;sh ;=< ;rÕldÍ ùu i|yd úfYaIfhka iq¿ yd uOH mßudK l¾udka;lrejka we;=¿ ish¨‍ foaYSh ksIamdolhska fj; myiqlï i,iñka" yß; m%iïmdokh Tiafia ish,a, wka;¾.; jQ wd¾Ól j¾Okh m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd úúO jQ uQ,H fhdackdl%u iy fj<|fmd< Wmdhud¾. y÷kajd Èh hq;= h' 8'8 cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;dj w' rch úiska w;aika lrk ,o wka;¾cd;sl mdßißl j.lSï iuÕ wkql+, ùu iEu uÜgul § u ;yjqre l< hq;= h' wd' yß;lrKh jQ ksIamdok" jev" fiajd iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;s foaYSh uÜgñka kfjda;amdokh iy jeä jYfhka ksIamdokh lsÍug fukau foaYSh m%cdjg fj<|fmd< m%fõYh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu ms‚i cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;dj Yla;su;a l< hq;= h' 11 we' cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu ;=<ska ;srir ixj¾Okh i|yd rcfha lemùï hdj;ald,sk lsÍu;a" kso¾Ykh lsÍu;a isÿ l< hq;= h' 9'0 m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï Wmdhud¾.( m%;sm;a;s m%ldYk ldKav 08 u; mokï jQ my; oelafjk Wmdhud¾. u.ska mq¿,a me;slvla ;=< iúia;rd;aul l%shdldÍ ie,eiaula ilia lsÍu i|yd wjYH jeäÿr ud¾f.damfoaY iy Wmfoia imhhs' m%;sm;a;s l%shdldrlï my; oelafjk Wmdhud¾. wkqj ilia l< hq;= h' 9'1 NdKav" jev iy fiajd w¾: oelaùu iy ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu w' jeä wxY m%udKhla l%ñlj ie,ls,a,g .ksñka fyda ld¾hidOkfha by< uÜgï mokï lr .ksñka jvd;a mßYS,l ys;ldó m%ñ;s iy msßú;rj,ska wrUñka rdcH m%iïmdokh i|yd yß;lrKh ms<sn| lreKq we;=<;a l< hq;= h' wd' ,xiqlrejkaf.a wiudk ;;a;aj yd uÜgï ms<sn| lreKq i|yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl u.ska meyeÈ,s úi÷ï ,ndÈh hq;= h' we' yß; NdKav" jev" fiajd iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;s yß; ,ehsia;=.; lsÍfï § ks, jYfhka uÜgï 03 la ie,lsh hq;= h' ,ehsia;=.; lsÍfï wNs,dIh ms<sn|j ksIamdolhska iy mdßfNda.slhska uQ,slj oekqj;a lsÍu ^f;jk uÜgu& wNsfhda. iy wjia:d ms<sn| fj<|fmd< úYaf,aIKh lsÍu iy úfYaIs; ks¾Kdhl ilia lsÍu ^fojk uÜgu& iy ks, ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu ^m<uq uÜgu&' 12 wE' ksIamdolhska iy mdßfNda.slhskayg úplaIKYS,S f;aÍï yd ;SrK .ekSug yels jk whqßka ud¾f.damfoaY" w;afmd;a iy m%ñ;s.; ,xiq f,aLkj,g ^Standard Bidding Documents& yß; m%iïmdokh wka;¾.; lr m%ldYhg m;a l< hq;= h' b' úoHd;aul oekqu j¾Okh ùu" ;dlaI‚l ÈhqKqj yd ixj¾Ok l%fudamdhkag wkql+,j iy W.;a mdvï iy hyNdú;hka mokï lr.ksñka" yß; m%iïmdok m%ñ;Ska iy msßú;rhka jßka jr hdj;ald,Sk l< hq;= h' B' we.hqï iy f;aÍï mámdáj, úksúoNdjh yd wkql+,;djh iy;sl l< hq;= h' W' rcfha wdh;k" mdßfNda.slhska" ksIamdolhska" fnodyßkakka iy mdßißl ixúOdk jeks ish¨ md¾Yjlrejkaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka hq;=j cd;sl m%ñ;s iy mdßißl f,an,hka iïu; lr.; hq;= h' tfukau fuys § ta ms<sn| Wkkaÿjla olajk ish¨u md¾Yjhka i|yd m%fõYhka ;sìh hq;= h' W!' ksIamdolhska iy mdßfNda.slhkayg ;u ksIamdokfha § iy mßfNdackfha § úplaIKYS,S f;dard .ekSï i|yd bv i,iñka NdKav" jev iy fiajd i|yd mßYS,khg myiq mdßißl Ôjk pl% msßjeh .Kkh lsÍfï l%u ilia l< hq;= h' t' foaYShj ckkh lrk ,o miq Ndú; m%;sidê; øjH iy fmr Ndú; m%;sidê; øjH y÷kd.ekSu i|yd ksrEms; jd¾;djla ^demonstrated track report& iuÕ Yla;su;a ks¾Kdhlhla ilia l< hq;= h' ta' ksIamdok l%shdj,sh ;=< § foaYShj ckkh l<" miq Ndú; m%;sidê; øjH iy fmr Ndú; m%;sidê; øjH 13 Ndú; lrkq ,nk wjia:djkays § tu ksIamdolhkag Ndú; l< yels ;;a;aj md,k moaO;shla ilia lr m%ldYhg m;a l< hq;= h' T' ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha § iy ksñ NdKavh ;=< m%;spl%SlrKh l< wka;¾.;h ms<sn| m%ldYhla ^Declaration& i|yka lsÍu wksjd¾h l< hq;= h' 9'2 oekqj;a lsÍu" oekqï l<ukdlrKh iy Odß;d j¾Okh w' yß; NdKav" jev iy fiajd mrdihla m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd fuj,ula f,i mßir ys;ldó ksIamdok ms<sn| kdudj,shla ilia lr m%ldYhg m;a l< hq;= w;r th f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu ms‚i uyck;dj i|yd o újD;j ;sìh hq;= h' wd' rfgys ish¨‍ mqrjeishkayg cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh iy wod< ,sms f,aLk ms<sn| f;dr;=re i|yd myiq m%fõYhla ieliSu iy f;dr;=re yqjudre lr .ekSu Wfoid §m jHdma; f;dr;=re fnod yeÍfï hdka;%Khla ia:dms; l< hq;= h' fuys § m%;sfmdaIKhka ,nd .ekSug o myiqlï ie,ish hq;= h' we' yß; ;dlaIKh" yß; ixl,am" mdßißl f,an,lrKh iy yß; udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh iïnkaOj l,dmSh iy cd;Hka;r mqyqKq yd ;dlaIK yqjudre jevigyka u.ska m%dfoaYSh md¾Yjldr m%cdjf.a oekqu yd l=i,;d l%udkql+,j by< kexúh hq;= h' wE' fuys § wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu" ;dlaI‚l myiqlï iemhSu" úfYaI{ oekqu jHdma; lsÍu yd f;dr;=re yqjudre lsÍu i|yd wksl=;a wod< jD;a;Sh wdh;k iïnkaO lrñka úfYaIs; jQ cd, moaO;shla iys; oekqï 14 uOHia:dkhla ^Knowledge Hub& rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh yd iyfhda.S;ajfhka hq;=j mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh ;=< msysgqúh hq;= h' b' rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh iuÕ iyfhda.S;ajfhka hq;=j" mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh u.ska mÍlaId lsÍu" iy;sl lsÍu iy m%;S;kh i|yd ld¾hidOk we.hSu moaO;shla ilia l< hq;= w;r Odß;d j¾Okh o isÿ l< hq;= h' B' yß; ks¾Kdhl ilia lsÍu" mÍlaId lsÍu" iy;sl lsÍu" m%;S;kh yd wfkl=;a wod< ;dlaI‚l wxYhka ms<sn| Odß;d by< kexùu i|yd wjYH wjia:djkays § ksis wêldß;ajhl uÕfmkaùu hgf;a cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;djh ,nd .; hq;= h' W' l¾udka; wxYfhys moaO;s ld¾hlaIu;dj yd jd¾;dlrK yelshdjka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd cd;sl yß; jd¾;dlrK l%ufõoh fhdod.; hq;= h' 9'3 ffk;sl hdka;%Kh iy wdrjq,a úi£u w' rdcH m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh iy fldka;%d;a;= l<ukdlrKh flfrys yß; wx. y÷kajd§fï § n,mEï we;s l< yels iy ksIamdokh" m%jdykh" iemhqu" fnodyeÍu" mßfNdackh yd wjika neyer lsÍu hk Ôjk pl%h ;=< mßirhg isÿjk wys;lr n,mEï wju lsÍfï yelshdj i|yd fya;=úh yels ffk;sl ysoeia y÷kd .ekSu i|yd mj;sk ffk;sl rduqj iudf,dapkh l< hq;= h' wd' ksIamdolhka fukau mdßfNda.slhka ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a fjñka iy rdcH m%iïmdok moaO;sh 15 mßir ys;ldó m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh iu. M,odhS f,i wkql+, lsÍu i|yd iún, imhñka wjYH wjia:djkays § mj;sk ffk;sl rduqfjys wjYH m%;sixialrK $ ixfYdaOk isÿ l< hq;= h' we' mßir ys;ldó NdKav" jev iy fiajd Ndú; lsÍfuka ienE m%;s,dN fk<d.ekSu ms‚i wod< iEu wjia:djl§u n,d;aul l< yels kS;Hdkql+, fuj,ï yryd rdcH m%iïmdok uQ,O¾u l%shd;aul lsÍu u.ska iuia; rdcH m%iïmdok pl%fha moaO;suh ld¾hlaIu;dj Yla;su;a $ jeä ÈhqKq l< hq;= h' wE' mj;sk wNshdpkd mámdáh iy widOq f,aLk l%ufõoh wkqj yß; rdcH m%iïmdokh iïnkaO wdrjq,a úi£u isÿ l< hq;= h' 9'4 wëlaIKh" ;yjqre lsÍu" we.hSu iy jd¾;d lsÍu w' m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%.;sh we.hSu i|yd iy iemhqï yd b,a¨‍ï wxYhka fj; we;sjk n,mEu we.hSu i|yd m%udKd;aul o¾Yl fukau uQ,sl o;a; mokï lr.;a n,mEï wdY%s; o¾Yl o iys;j mdßißl" iudÔh yd uQ,Huh m%;s,dN u; we;s jk m%;sodk" m%;sM, iy n,mEu ;lafiare lsÍu i|yd bv i,iñka" yß; m%iïmdok ld¾hidOkh wëlaIKh lsÍu" ;yjqre lsÍu iy we.hSu i|yd iúia;rd;aul" idOkh l< yels yd ueksh yels ld¾hidOk o¾Yl ilia l< hq;= h' wd' idOdrK yd ;srir iudc mßj¾;kh we;=<;aj m%;sm;a;sfhys iuia; ld¾hidOkh wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd ld¾hidOk o¾Yl ld,Skj iudf,dapkh lr hdj;ald,Sk l< hq;= h' 16 we' ish¨‍u rdcH wdh;k úiska fuu m%;sm;a;sfha l%shdldß;ajh wëlaIKh lsÍu" ;yjqre lsÍu iy we.hSu i|yd bv i,iñka isÿ lrk ,o wdfhdackhka iys;j ;u yß; m%iïmdok m%.;sh jd¾Islj jd¾;d l< hq;= h' wE' iuia; yß; m%iïmdok moaO;sh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï wruq‚ka ksmehqï iy fiajdjkays wjidk mßYS,lhskaf.a iy wfkl=;a Wkkaÿjla olajk md¾Yjhkaf.a m%;sfmdaIK ,nd .ekSu i|yd ld,Sk iólaIK iy iDcq u; úuiqï meje;aúh hq;= h' b' rdcH m%iïmdok l%shdj,sfha ish¨‍u uÜgïj, § m%;sm;a;sh M,odhS yd ld¾hlaIu f,i l%shd;aul jk nj ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd udkj iïm;a ixj¾Ok hdka;%Khla ilia l< hq;= h' 9'5 m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï iy wëlaIKh lsÍfï wdh;ksl hdka;%Kh w' m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh úiska ud¾f.damfoaY" w;afmd;a iy m%ñ;s.; ,xiq f,aLk ^Standard Bidding Documents& ixfYdaOkh lsÍu iy ilia lsÍu isÿl< hq;= w;r wod< lafIa;% úfYaI{hkaf.a iy mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYfha iyfhda.h iys;j wod< meyeÈ,s lsÍï jeäÿrg;a ,nd.; hq;= h' wd' rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh úiska mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYfha iydh we;sj m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍfï ud¾f.damfoaY ilia lsÍu i|yd wod< lafIa;% b,lal lr.ksñka úfYaI{ lñgq m;a l< hq;= h' we' rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kfha uÕfmkaùu hgf;a m%iïmdok wiaÓ;ajhka úiska 17 úksúoNdjh" idOdrK;ajh" ;rÕldÍ;ajh" j.ùu iy if;HlaIKh l< yels nj" iy ikd: lr.ekSfï yelshdj ^traceability& hk wx. m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh ;=< w;HjYH wx. f,i ;yjqre l< hq;= h' úksúoNdjh iy ld¾hlaIu;dj iy;sl lrkq ms‚i úoHq;a m%iïmdokh ^e- Procurement& taldnoaO lr.; hq;= h' wE' yß; msßú;r ilia lsÍu i|yd mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh úiska rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kfha iyfhda.S;ajfhka hq;=j yß; rdcH m%iïmdokh ms<sn| wka;¾ wdh;ksl úfYaI{ lñgqj ^IAEC-GPP& msysgqúh hq;= h' b' idïm%odhsl m%iïmdok ls%hdj,sh" yß; m%iïmdokh f,i mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l¾;jHh i|yd iyfhda.h ,nd§u fjkqfjka mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh" wod< rdcH wdh;k iy rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh iuÕ iyfhda.S;ajfhka hqla;j mqrjeis WmfoaYl ld¾hdxYhla ^Citizen Advisory Bureau& msysgq úh hq;= h' tfukau fuu mßj¾;kh i|yd iyfhda.h oelaùug tu ld¾hdxYh oekqï uOHia:dkh ^Knowledge Hub& iuÕ ióm iyfhda.S;djfhka ls%hd;aul l< hq;= h' B' cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh wëlaIKh lsÍu" if;HlaIKh lsÍu iy we.hSu i|yd mßir wud;HdxYh ;=< mQ¾K iúu;a hdka;%Khla $ tallhla $ f,alï ld¾hd,hla ia:dms; l< hq;= h' rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh" yß; m%iïmdokfha kshduk wêldßhhs' 18 W' b,lalhka lrd t<öu lD;suj oelaùu fjkqjg mßirhg" wd¾Ólhg iy iudchg we;sjk i;H m%;s,dN ms<sn|j ikd: lsÍu i|yd mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh úiska m%;sm;a;sfhys m%.;sh ms<sn|j ld,Skj wëlaIKh" ;yjqre lsÍu" we.hSu iy jd¾;dlrKh isÿ l< hq;= h' W!' wd¾Ól" iudÔh" mdßißl iy mßmd,k .eg¿ ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ld,Skj iïfm%aIKh lsÍu i|yd wod< md¾Yjlrejka yd jD;a;Sh wdh;k w;r cd,hla ia:dms; l< hq;= h' t' yß; NdKav" jev iy fiajd wdYs%; m%;s,dN ,nd .ekSu ms‚i foaYSh m%cdj iún, .ekaùfï wruq‚ka" §mjHdma;j isák ish¨‍ md¾Yjlrejkayg f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i|yd m%fõYhla iys; yß; m%iïmdok wjldYhla ^Green Procurement Platform& ks¾udKh l< hq;= h' ta' fuu m%;sm;a;sh mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh úiska ld,dkqrEmj iudf,dapkh l< hq;= w;r wod< m%;sfmdaIK yd ld¾hidOkhka ie,ls,a,g .ksñka iqÿiq ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;= h' 9'6 foaYSh ksIamdolhka i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu w' mßj¾;kh ùu i|yd wjYH iqÿiq oekqu iy ksmqK;d fukau uQ,H yd uQ,H fkdjk Èß §ukd ,nd Èh hq;= h' wd' mdßißl kjHlrKh yd ;srir nj wdo¾Ykh lrkq ,nk jHdmdr iy l¾udka; lKavdhï i|yd iydh ,nd §u u.ska yß; NdKav" jev fiajd iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;s i|yd" Y%S ,dxflah wd¾Ólh ;=< lemSfmfkk oDYH fj<|fmd<la f.dvke.sh hq;= h' 19 we' jeäÈhqKq lrk ,o fj<|fmd< m%fõYh ;=<ska iemhqï oduh Tiafia ;srir ksIamdokh yd mßfNdackh ms<sn| hyNdú;hka m%j¾Okh l< hq;= h' wE' yß; NdKav" jev" fiajd iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;s wdYs%; foaYSh iy úfoaYSh fj<|fmd< m%fõYhka j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd foaYSh ksIamdolhska iy iq¿ yd uOH mßudK l¾udka;lrejkag m%uqL;ajh ,nd Èh hq;= h' b' mdßißl j.lSfuka hq;= iy idOdrK fj<| ms<sfj;a ^Fair Trade& wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk iemhqïlrejka iy fjf<kaoka i|yd ms<s.ekSula ,nd§u;a we.hSug ,la lsÍu;a isÿ l< hq;= h' B' cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a m%;S;k $ iy;sllrK moaO;s iuÕ cd,.; lsÍu m%j¾Okh l< hq;= w;r" yß; NdKav" jev" fiajd iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;s i|yd foaYSh m%;S;k $ iy;sllrK moaO;s ia:dmkh lsÍu $ y÷kajd§ug yels whqßka foaYSh Odß;djhka f.dv ke.sh hq;= h' W' foaYSh ;,fha § mq¿,a mrdihlg wh;a NdKav" jev" fiajd iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;s cd;Hka;r ms<s.ekSula iys;j wdjrKh lsÍu iy;sl lrkq ms‚i foaYSh m%;S;k moaO;sj, ld¾hidOkh Yla;su;a lsÍu $ m%j¾Okh lsÍu iy tu moaO;Ska i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu isÿ l< hq;= h' 9'7 uQ,H hdka;%Kh w' ¥IH lrkakd úiska f.ùfï uQ,O¾uh u; mokïj ksIamdok" jev iy fiajd i|yd mdßißl ixrlaIK nÿ mekúh hq;= h' 20 wd' wjOdrKh lrk ,o Odß;d j¾Okh Wfoid jQ wruqo,a i|yd m%fõYh iemhSu ms‚i o" iemhqïlrejka mdßißl ks¾Kdhl yd m%ñ;sj,g wkql+, lrkq ms‚i o" nÿ uqo,a" wruqo,a f,i fhdod .ekSug yels kjH uQ,H Èß.ekaùfï hdka;%Khka y÷kajd Èh hq;= h' we' kj moaO;sh lrd mßj¾;kh ùug jHjidhlhskayg uÕ i,iñka uQ,H myiqlï ,nd§u i|yd nexl= wxYh Èßu;a lsÍu' wE' m%;sm;a;sh id¾:lj l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wod< jk iEu wjia:djl § u m%ñ;s ieliSu¦ m%;S;kh¦ ;;a;aj md,k moaO;sh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu" wëlaIKh i|yd iy ld¾ñl wxYfha ;dlaIK yqjudre lsÍu iy Ndú;h i|yd wjYH fjk;a moaO;s jeäÈhqKq lsÍï i|yd yels iEu wjia:djl § u cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;djh iqrlaIs; l< hq;= h' 9'8 wka;¾cd;sl iyfhda.S;dj w' M,odhS f,i cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd Y%S ,xldj úiska w;aika lrkq ,nk mdßißl j.lSï ms<sn| f;dr;=re iy tys ld,Skj isÿ lrkq ,nk hdj;ald,Sk lsÍï ms<sn| f;dr;=re mq¿,a f,i fnod yeÍu i|yd Ndú;h myiq hdka;%Khla ia:dms; l< hq;= h' wd' yß; NdKav ksmoùu" jev" fiajd iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;s iemhSu wLKavj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd wjYH kj ksmqK;d iy oekqu jeäÈhqKq lsÍug l,dmSh yd cd;Hka;r wka;¾ rdcH wdh;k" cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a jD;a;Sh wdh;k" m¾fhaIK wdh;k iy fjk;a wOHdmksl wdh;k iuÕ cd, ia:dms; lsÍu $ Yla;su;a lsÍu isÿ l< hq;= h' 21 we' mj;akd yjq,aldÍ;ajhka Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd idlaIs mokï lr.;a hyNdú;hka kso¾Ykh lsÍfï l%ufõohla ilia l< hq;= w;r fj<|fmd< m%fõYh ,nd .ekSu i|yd kj iy w;sf¾l yjq,aldÍ;ajhka we;s lr .; hq;= h' wE' foaYShj iy wka;¾cd;sl uÜgfï ;srir ixj¾Ok wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSfuys ,d W.;a mdvï iy hyNdú;hka y÷kd.ekSug" ms<s.ekSula we;s lsÍug iy f.dkq lsÍu i|yd cd;sl yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍfï m%.;sh ld,Skj iudf,dapkh l< hq;= h' b' nyq md¾Yùh mdßißl .súiqï ms<sn| wkql+,;d m%.;sfhys M,odhS;djh ld,Skj wëlaIKh iy iudf,dapkh l< hq;= w;r" hyNdú;hka yd W.;a mdvï mq¿,a f,i m%pdrKh l< hq;= h' B' W.;a mdvï iy hyNdú;hka" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh iy wfkl=;a cd;Hka;r ixio iuÕ yqjudre l< hq;= w;r" wjYH wjia:dj, § fiiq rgj, Odß;d j¾Okh i|yd iyh ùu o isÿ l< hq;= h' mdßNdIsl Yío ud,dj fuu Yío ud,dfjys wruqK jkqfha fuu m%;sm;a;sh Ndú; lrkakkayg m%;sm;a;sh ilia lsÍfï § fhdod.;a we;eï kdulrKhka ms<sn| meyeÈ,s woyila ,nd §uhs' úúO ikao¾Nhka ;=< iy wjia:dj, § fuu kdulrKhka i|yd úúO w¾: ksrEmKhka mej;sh yels nj ie,lSu jeo.;a fõ' ffcj Odß;djh ^Bio capacity&( j¾;udk l<ukdlrK fhdackd l%u iy ksiaidrK ;dlaIKhka Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka m%fhdackj;a Ôj úoHd;aul øjH ksmoùug iy ñksiqka úiska ckkh lrk wmøjH wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSug mßir 22 moaO;sj, mj;sk Odß;djhhs' foaY.=Kh" l<ukdlrKh iy udkj wd¾Ólhg m%fhdackj;a fhojqï f,i i,lkq ,nkafka l=uk fldgiao hkak u; ffcj Odß;dj jißka jir fjkia úh yelsh' plS%h wd¾Ólh ^Circular Economy&( fnod .ekSu" kej; Ndú; lsÍu" w¨‍;ajeähd lsÍu ^repair and refurbish&" m%;sixialrKh" m%;sksIamdokh" m%;spl%SlrKh iy m%;sidOkh u.ska wmøjH W;amdokh wju lrkq ,nk w;ru" j;alïj, jákdlu ^ksIamdok" øjH iy iïm;a& Ndú;h wjidkfha j;alï Ôjk pl%hg wdmiq m%;sodkh lsÍu u.ska yels;dla l,a mj;ajd .ekSu fuys wruqKhs' th ie,iqï u.ska fufyhjkq ,nk¦ wmøjH iy ¥IKh bj;a lsÍu¦ ksIamdok iy øjH ^tajdfha by<u w.h iys;j& ixirKh lsÍu iy" iajNdjh mqk¾ckkh lsÍu hk uQ,O¾u ;=k u; mokï fõ' mdßißl ld¾hlaIu;djh ̂ Eco efficiency&( ksIamdokhl fyda fiajdjl Ôjk pl%h ;=< isÿúh yels mdßißl n,mEï yd iïm;a ;Sj%;djh l%ufhka wvq lrñka ;rÕldÍ ñ,g NdKav yd fiajd iemhSu ;=<ska udkj wjYH;d ;Dma;su;a lsÍu iy Ôjk ;;a;ajh by< kexùu ;=<ska mdßißl ld¾hlaIu;djh w;a lr.; yel' fuys § ;dlaIKh u; fukau ls%hdj,Skaj, fjkialï isÿlsÍu u; jeä jákdlula ckkh fõ' mdßißl f,an,lrKh ^Eco labeling&( f,dj mqrd ls%hd;aul jk mdßißl ld¾hidOk iy;sl lsÍfï iy f,an,a lsÍfï l%ufõohls' zzmßir f,an,hla˜‍ hkq ksYaÑ; ksIamdok $ fiajd ldKavhlg wh;a ksIamdokhl fyda fiajdjl iuia; Ôjk pl%h ;=< ikd: l< iuia; mdßißl fhda.H;djh y÷kd .ekSug fhdok f,an,hls' mdßißl mshigyk ^Ecological Footprint&( mdßißl mshigyk .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka hï ck.ykhlg ;uka 23 mßfNdackh lrk iajdNdúl iïm;a ksIamdokh lsÍug iy tys § ckkh jk wmøjH" úfYaIfhkau úfudapkh jk ldnka wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSug wjYH jk mdßißl j;alï h' tu ksid" thska mqoa.,fhl= fyda m%cdjla u.ska mßirhg we;sjk n,mEu ukskq ,nk w;r Tjqkaf.a iajdNdúl iïm;a Ndú;h mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd wjYH N+ñ m%udKh f,i th m%ldYhg m;a flf¾' th fláfhka m%ldY l< fyd;a wm i;=j mj;akd iajNdúl mßirfha jmißh fl;rïo hkak iy wm úiska Ndú; lrkq ,nk iajdNdúl mßirfha jmißh fldmuKo hkakhs' mdßißl j.ùu ^Environmental Accountability&( mßirh flfrys n,mdk ´kEu ls%hdjla i|yd th isÿlrkq ,nk ish,a,ka j.lsj hq;= w;r ta ms<sn|j iudchg j.ùu ms<s.; hq;= h hk uQ,O¾uh fuys § wod< lr .efka' th iajdNdúl mßirh msßySu iïnkaOfhka jk j.lSu jk w;r" tjeks msßySug fya;= jk wd¾Ól ls%hdldrlï i|yd mdßißl msßjeh fjka lsÍu tu.ska woyia lrhs' ksIamdolhdf.a úia;SrKh jQ j.lSu ^Extended Producer Responsibility&( mYapd;a mdßfNda.sl ksIamdokj,g ms<shï fh§u fyda neyer lsÍu i|yd ksIamdolhskag ie,lsh hq;= j.lSula ^uQ,Huh iy$fyda fN!;sl& mejfrk m%;sm;a;suh m%fõYhls' idOdrK fj<| Ndú;h ̂ Fair Trade Practice&( th ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, ksIamdolhskag ;srir yd idOdrK fj<| in|;d we;s lr .ekSug Wmldr lsÍu i|yd ilia lrk ,o úêúOdkhls' È<s÷lu wju lsÍu" lïlrejkag iy f.dùkag iodpdrd;aulj ie,lSu iy mdßißl jYfhka ;srir Ndú;hka m%j¾Okh lsÍu Wfoid ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, ksIamdolhskag ;u ksIamdok i|yd idOdrK ñ,la ,nd .ekSug th WmldÍ fõ' 24 udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh ̂ Human Resource Development&( úfYaIs; ld,hla ;=< isÿ lrkq ,nk iy hym;a p¾hd;aul fjkialï we;s lsÍug ilik ,o ixúê; ls%hdldrlï ud,djls' th fiajlhskag Tjqkaf.a ksmqK;d" oekqu iy yelshdjka j¾Okh lr .ekSug Wmldr jk rduqjls' Ôjk pl% we.hSu ^Life Cycle Assessment&( ksIamdok fyda fiajdjkays Ôjk pl%h ;=< mdßißl yd iudchSh ld¾hidOkh we.hSu i|yd jk fuj,uls' mdßißl Ôjk pl% we.hSu hgf;a iïm;a Wlyd.ekSu iy mßfNdackh lsÍu ^n,Yla;sh o we;=<;aj& fukau jd;h" c,h iy mig uqodyßk wmøjH $ ÿIl o Ôjk pl%fha iEu wÈhrlskau m%udKkh flf¾' jeo.;a mdßißl n,mEï ldKav i|yd tajd u.ska isÿ lrk úNj odhl;ajh o wk;=rej ;lafiare flf¾' fuys § foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi" OQ,l;djh" mßir moaO;s ydks iy iïm;a mßydksh wd§ lreKq ie,ls,a,g .kq ,efí' Ôjk pl% mdßißl msßjeh ^Life Cycle Environment Cost&( wkd.;h ms<sn| .kq ,nk ;SrKj, § wNHka;ÍlrKh jkq we;ehs wfmalaId lrkq ,nk ndysr;d we;=<;aj ksIamdokfha Ôjk pl%hg iïnkaê; tla mqoa.,fhl= fyda lsysm fofkl= úiska iDcqju wdjrKh lrkq ,nkakd jQ" NdKavhl Ôjk pl%h yd iïnkaO ish¨‍ msßjehhs' ksIamdokfha iuia; Ôjk pl%h ;=< § we;s lrk mdßißl n,mEïj, Rcq yd jl% msßjeh thg we;=<;a fõ' ksIamdok i|yd wuqøjH f;dard .ekSu u.ska ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha by< uÜgfï § we;sjk wdfõ‚l n,mEï ^upstream impacts&" ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhka we;sjk n,mEï iy Ndú;h yd neyer lsÍu ksid ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha my, uÜgfï § we;sjk n,mEï ^downstream impacts& we;=¿j ksIamdolhska iy wdkhklrejka tu ksIamdokj, Ôjk pl%h ;=< isÿjk mdßißl n,mEï i|yd ie,lsh hq;= j.lSula oeßh hq;= h' 25 nyq md¾Yùh mdßißl .súiqï ^Multi-Lateral Environment Agreements&( foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi" ffcj úúO;ajh ydhkh" mßir ¥IKh iy wmøjH jeks f.da,Sh mdßißl wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §u i|yd cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;dj m%j¾Okh lsÍu ms‚i jk cd;Hka;r .súiqï h' mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk iïm;a ^Non-renewable resources&( mßfNdackh lrkq ,nk fõ.fhka kej; ckkh fkdjk iajdNdúl iïm;a fõ' fuu iïm;a iemhqu iSñ; jk w;r ;srir fkdjk f,i Ndú; l< fkdyel' ¥IH lrkakd úiska f.jkq ,eîfï uQ,O¾uh ^Polluter Pays Principle&( ñksia fi!LHhg fyda mßirhg jk ydksh je<elaùu i|yd ¥IH l< mqoa.,hska úiska th l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï msßjeh oeßh hq;= h' zz¥IH lrkakd úiska f.ùfïZZ uQ,O¾uh idudkHfhka fjkia m%;sm;a;s m%fõYhka folla u; ls%hd;aul fõ' zzúOdkh iy md,khZZ iy zzfj<|fmd< mokï lr.;a fuj,ïZZ hkak tu m%;sm;a;s m%fõYhka fol fõ' miq Ndú; m%;sidê; øjH ^Post-consumer recovered materials&( mdßfNda.slhska úiska ksIamdokhla Ndú; lr wjika l< miq kej; m%;sidOkh lrk ,o fyda fjk;a ;;ajhlg m;a lrk ,o wmøjH iy w;=re ksIamdok fuhska woyia fõ' fuu øjH li, wx.k j,ska fjk;a NdKav ksIamdokh i|yd fhduq lrjhs' mQ¾jdrlaIK uQ,O¾u ^Precautionary principles&( mdßißl fyda udkj fi!LH wdmod ms<sn| úoHd;aul idlaIs wúksYaÑ; jQ úg mQ¾jdrlaIl mshjr wkq.ukh lsÍu i|yd ;SrK .kq ,nkakkayg mQ¾jdrlaIl uQ,O¾uh u.ska yelshdj ,nd foa' úoHd;aul oekqu wiïmQ¾K fyda wúksYaÑ; wjia:djkays nrm;, fyda kej; h:d ;;ajhg m;a l< fkdyels mdßißl ydkshla ùfï yelshdj j<lajd .ekSug mshjr .ekSu i|yd 26 fuu uQ,O¾u u.ska Wmfoia ,nd foa' mQ¾jdrlaIl uQ,O¾uh i|yd oekgu;a isÿfjñka mj;sk fyda wkd.;h i|yd fhdað; udkj ls%hdldrlïj,ska isÿúh yels ydks wfmalaId lsÍu" j<lajd .ekSu iy wju lsÍu hk lreKqj,g jvd jeäuk;a lreKq wjYH fõ' fmr Ndú; m%;sidê; øjH ^Pre-consumer recovered materials&( l¾udka; ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha § ksmofjk" tu l%shdj,sh ;=< § kej; m%;sidOkh lrk ,ÿj fyda fjk;a ;;ajhlg m;a lrk ,ÿj" ksIamdokh i|yd kej; Ndú; jk wmøjH iy w;=re ksIamdokhs' tajd ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfhka miq m%;splS%lrKhg fyda m%fhdackhg .kakd kuq;a lsis úfgl;a mdßfNda.slhskaf.a Ndú;h i|yd fkd,efí' ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha § tl;=jk lvodis len,s fyda ma,diaála l=vq WodyrKhla jYfhka oelaúh yel' m%iïmdok pl%h ^Procurement cycle&( hï wdh;khl ksIamdok" fiajd fyda jev w;am;a lr .ekSu i|yd jk wjYH;djh y÷kd .ekSu ms‚i tu wdh;kh úiska mshjfrka mshjr ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk plS%h ls%hdj,sh m%iïmdok pl%hhs' M,odhs;djh ^Productivity&( M,odhs;djh idudkHfhka w¾: olajkq ,nkafka ksuejqï mßudj iy fhojqï mßudj w;r wkqmd;hla f,i h' tu.ska" lsishï ksuejqï m%udKhla ksmoùu i|yd wd¾Ólhla ;=< Y%uh iy m%d.aOkh jeks ksIamdok fhojqï fl;rï ld¾hlaIu f,i Ndú; flf¾o hkak uekSu isÿlrkq ,nhs' iïm;a ld¾hlaIu;dj ̂ Resource Efficiency&( mDÓúfha iSñ; iïm;a mßirhg jk n,mEï wju lrñka ;srir f,i Ndú; lsÍu woyia fõ' wvq iïm;a m%udKhlska jeä ksuejqï m%udKhla ks¾udKh lsÍug iy wvq wdodkhlska by< w.hla ,nd §ug th bv i,ihs' 27 ;srir mßfNdackh iy ksIamdokh ^Sustainable Consumption & Production&( —wkd.; mrïmrdfõ wjYH;djkag ndOdjla fkdjk mßÈ fiajd yd ksIamdokj, Ôjk pl%h ;=< § iajdNdúl iïm;a yd OQ,l Ndú;h fukau wmøjH iy ¥Il úfudapkh wju lrk w;ru uQ,sl wjYH;djhkag m%;spdr olajk f,i iy hym;a Ôjk ;;a;ajhla ,nd fok f,i fiajd iy wdYs%; ksIamdok Ndú;hhs˜‍' ;srir ixj¾Ok wNsu;d¾: ^Sustainable Development Goals&( —f.da,Sh wNsu;d¾:˜‍ 17l tl;=jlska yd b,lal 169lska iukaú;" ;srir ixj¾Okh i|yd jQ 2030 úYaj kHdh m;%h ñka woyia fõ' ;srir ixj¾Okh ^Sustainable Development&( wkd.; mrïmrdjkaf.a wjYH;d imqrd,Sfï yelshdjg ydks fkdjk mßÈ j¾;udk wjYH;d imqrd,k ixj¾Okhhs' ;srir ixj¾Okh ;=<ska mDÓúfhys mj;akd iajdNdúl iïm;a iSudjka ;=< iudchSh" mdßißl yd wd¾Ól ÈhqKqj ,Õd lr.; .; yelsh hk woyi m%j¾Okh lrhs' f,dalfha iEu fohlau wjldYh" ld,h iy Ôjk ;;a;ajh yryd tlsfkl yd iïnkaO ù we;s nj ie,ls,a,g .ekSu ;srir ixj¾Ok m%fõYhhs' uqo,g iß,k jákdlu ̂Value for money&( úhoï l< uqo,ska ,nd .; yels by< m%;sM, iy;sl lsÍu i|yd jQ ksYaÑ; lemùu uqo,g iß,k jákdlñka yeÕfõ' th rdcH iïm;a idOdrK ñ,lg úpdrYS,S" iliqrejï yd ld¾hlaIu f,i Ndú; lsÍu whqßka oelaúh yelsh' rdcH m%iïmdokh ;=< wd¾Ólh" ld¾hlaIu;djh iy M,odhs;dj hk ;SrKd;aul lreKq ;=k uqo,g iß,k jákdlu hkafkys wka;¾.; fõ' 28 weuqKqï i. ksIamdok msßú;r iy m%ñ;s ilia lsÍu w rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh ^rd'm%'ú'Nd'w'wd'& mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh ^m%'ú'Nd'w'& yß; ksIamdok" fiajd" jev iy f;dr;=re moaO;s y÷kd .ekSu fj<|fmd< úYaf,aIKh n,d;aul lsÍu ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu m< lsÍu w k qu e; sh ,xiq f,aLk m%;sfmdaIKh m%iïmdok wia:s;aj w;sf¾l yß; m%iïmdok msßú;r yß; ksIamdok" fiajd" jev iy f;dr;=re moaO;s m%iïmdokh yß; m%iïmdok m%ñ;s iy msßú;r ieliSu wka;¾ wdh;ksl úoaj;a lñgqj 29 ii. oekqu iy Odß;d j¾Okh wd rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh ^rd'm%'ú'Nd'w'wd'& rcfha mqyqKq wdh;k b,a¨‍ï wxYh w u d; H dxY f o m d¾ ; f ï k a; = j H j i a: dm s; w dh ; k m < d; a i N d $È i a; %sl a f , al ï i y m < d; a m d, k w dh ; k m%iïmdok wia:s;aj ksIaldYk hdka;%Kh iy yß; m%iïmdok wjldYh mqrjeis WmioaYl ld¾hdxYh ^rd'm%'ú'Nd'w'wd'& iy ^m'ú'Nd'w'& oekqï uOHia:dkh ^m'ú'Nd'w'& yß;lrKh ^mßir wud;HdxYh& rdcH m%iïmdokh ^uqo,a j'Nd' wud;HdxYh& iemhqï wxYh ksIamdolhska" iemhqïlrejka" fiajd imhkakka" fldka;%d;a lrejka m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï ksIamdolhska" iemhqïlrejka" fiajd imhkakka" fldka;%d;a lrejka mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh ^m'ú'Nd'w'& 30 iii. oekqu l<ukdlrKh iy Odß;d j¾Okh we iemhqï wxYh b,a¨‍ï wxYh udkj iïm;a ixj¾Ok hdka;%Kh oekqï uOHia:dkh ^m' ú'Nd' w& mqrjeis WmfoaYl ld¾hdxYhla ^rd'm%'ú'Nd'w'wd'& ksIaldYk hdka;%Kh iy yß; m%iïmdok wjldYh m%iïmdok wia:s;aj w u d; H dxY l ¾ u dk a; m %df o aY Sh l ¾ u dk a; f o m d¾ ; f ï k a; = m < d; a m d, k $È i a; %sl a f , al ï i y m %df o aY Sh m ß m d, k w dh ; k j H j i a: dm s; w dh ; k l ¾ u dk a; W m f o aY k w dh ; k m %df o aY Sh l ¾ u dk a; W m f o aY k w dh ; k m ¾ f h aI K i y ; dl aI ‚ l w dh ; k f j k ; a w o d< j D; a; Sh w dh ; k rcfha mqyqKq wdh;k mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh ^m'ú'Nd'w'& rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh ^rd'm%'ú'Nd'w'wd'& m%ñ;s wdh;k 31 iv. ld¾hidOk wëlaIKh" if;HlaIKh iy we.hSfï hdka;%Kh wE m%.;s jd¾;dlrKh ld¾hidOk o¾Yl ilia lsÍu b,a¨‍ï wxYh hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu iudf,dapkh ysoeia y÷kd .ekSu o¾Yl ilia lsÍfï lñgqj iemhqï wxYh m%iïmdok wia:s;aj udkj iïm;a ixj¾Ok hdka;%kh yß; m%iïmdok if;HlaIK lñgqj yß; m%iïmdok if;HdlaIKh lsÍfï lñgqj yß; m%iïmdok we.hqï lñgqj yß; m%iïmdok we.hqï lñgqj yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sh m%;sfmdaIKh iy ks¾foaY jevigyk iy m%;sm;a;sh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu o¾Yl ilia lsÍfï lñgqj yß; m%iïmdok jd¾Isl m%.;s jd¾;dj yß; m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh m%;sfmdaIKh yß; m%iïmdok wëlaIKh yß; m%iïmdok mdßißl ld¾hidOk m%.;sh rdcH m%iïmdok wëlaIKh ^l%shdj,sh& rdcH m%iïmdok úIhNdr wêldß wdh;kh ^rd'm%'ú'Nd'w'wd'& mßir úIhNdr wud;HdxYh ^m'ú'Nd'w'& ld,Sk iólaIK u; úuiqu wkqmQrl jd¾;d m%;sfmdaIKh iy ks¾foaY 32 v. yß; m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;sfha iuia; wdh;ksl hdka;%Kh b r dc H m %i ï m do k ú I h N dr w ê l dß w dh ; k h ^ r d'm %'ú 'N d'w 'w d'& m ß i r ú I h N dr w u d; Hd xY h ^ m 'ú 'N d'w '& w k a; ¾ w dh ; k sl ú o aj ; a l ñ g qj m %; sm ; a; s i ï m do k h m %i ï m do k w i aÓ ; aj j d¾ ; dl r K h oe k qu u O H i a: dk h ^m 'ú 'N d' w '& m qr j ei s W m f oaY l l d¾ h dx Y h ^r d' m %'ú 'N d' w 'w d' i y m 'ú 'N d' w & k sI al dY k h dk a; %k h i y y ß ; m %i ï m do k w j l dY h k sI am do k y ÷ k d . ek Su i y y ß ; m sß ú ; r i l i a l sÍ u l %sh d; au l l sÍ u i | y d m y i ql ï i em h Su " u Õ f m k aù u i y i ï n k aë l r K h " m dß i ß l l d¾ h i dO k h w ë l aI K h i y j d¾ ; dl r K h y ß ; m %i ï m do k f , al ï l d¾ h d, h j d¾ ; dl r K h y ß ; m sß ú ; r i y m %ñ ; s w k qm %j dy . ; l sÍ u o ek qu i y O dß ; d j ¾ O k h o ek qu l < u k dl r K h i y O dß ; d j ¾ O k h y ß ; m %i ï m do k m %; sm ; a; sh w ë l aI K h " i u df , dap k h i y w e. h Su j d¾ ; dl r K h i y m < l sÍ u f ; dr ; =r e f n o d y eß u u dk j i ï m ; a i xj ¾ O k h gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;if ,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryprf; FbauR Rw;whly; mikr;R 2023 ii iii cs;slf;fk; 1.0 nfhs;ifg; ngau; 1 2.0 nray;tYTf;FtUk; jpfjp: 1 3.0 mwpKfk; 1 I. gpd;dzp 1 II. epahag;ghL 3 4.0 topfhl;ly; jj;Jtq;fs; 4 5.0 Vw;Gilj;jd;ikAk; Nehf;nfy;iyAk; 5 6.0 nfhs;if ,yf;Ffs; 5 7.0 nfhs;ifapd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; 6 8.0 nfhs;iff; $w;Wfs; 6 8.1 nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfis tiuaWj;jYk; gl;baw;gLj;jYk; 7 8.2 tpopg;Gzu;T cUthf;fk;> mwpT Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;gy; 7 8.3 rl;lg; nghwpKiwAk; gpzf;Fj; jPu;Tk; 8 8.4 fz;fhzpj;jy;> rupghu;j;jy;> kjpg;gply; kw;Wk; mwpf;ifaply; 8 8.5 nfhs;if mKyhf;fk; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gf;fhd epWtd uPjpahd nghwpKiw 9 8.6 cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;F trjpaspj;jy; 9 8.7 epjpg; nghwpKiwfs; 10 8.8 ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;G 10 9.0 nfhs;if mKyhf;fk; 10 9.1 nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfis tiuaWj;jYk; gl;baw;gLj;jYk; 11 9.2 tpopg;Gzu;T cUthf;fk;> mwpT Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;gy; 13 9.3 rl;lg; nghwpKiwAk; gpzf;Fj; jPu;Tk; 14 9.4 fz;fhzpj;jy;> rupghu;j;jy;> kjpg;gply; kw;Wk; mwpf;ifaply; 15 9.5 nfhs;if mKyhf;fk; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gf;fhd epWtd uPjpahd nghwpKiw 16 9.6 cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;F trjpaspj;jy; 18 9.7 epjpg; nghwpKiwfs; 19 9.8 ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;G 20 fiyr;nrhw;nwhFjp 21 ,izg;Gf;fs; 28 iv 1 1.0 nfhs;ifg; ngau; gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;if 2.0 nray;tYTf;FtUk; jpfjp: 24.07.2023 3.0 mwpKfk; I. gpd;dzp tYrf;jp> ePu; kw;Wk; epjp Mfpatw;Wf;fhd cyfshtpa neUf;fbfshdit xt;nthU ehLk; jw;NghJ vjpu;nfhs;fpd;w gd;Kfj;jd;ik nfhz;l r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; 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Rw;Wr;R+oy; njhFjpfs; (Rw;Wr;R+oy; mbj;jlk;) kPJ mjpfupj;j jdpkdpj Nfs;tp mNjNghd;W cyfpy; fhzg;gLk; rdj;njhif tsu;r;rp fhuzkhf Gtpapd; capuhw;wy; Fiwtile;JtUfpd;wJ. ,aw;if tsq;fs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; kpifg; gad;ghL fhuzkhf> tpNrlkhf GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsq;fs; fhuzkhf mit Jupjkhf Fiwtile;JtUfpd;wd. epiyj;Jepw;f Kbahj Efu;Tg; ghq;Ffs; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp eilKiwfs; vd;gd ,aw;if tsq;fspy; Fiwnthd;iw tpistpf;Fk; kpf tYthd fhuzpfshFk;. xUGwk;> cyfkakhjyhdJ cyfpYs;s ehLfspd; nghUshjhuq;fis xd;whf ,izj;Js;sJ> mNjNtis kWGwk;> fhyepiy khw;wk; Nghd;w Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fshdit vt;tpjkhd vy;iyfisAk; nfhz;buhjJld; cyfshtpa uPjpapy; gutyile;J tUfpd;wd. ,r;R+o;epiyf;fhd xU Jyq;fyhf> ru;tNjr uPjpapy;> $Ljyhf epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fSf;fhd re;ijfs; tsu;r;rpaile;JtUfpd;wd. ,g;Nghf;fpd; jpirahdJ Gjpa re;ijfs; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpf;F my;yJ ehza ed;ikfSf;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,J epiyj;Jepw;Fk;jd;ik gw;wpa mwptpid Kd;Ndw;Wfpd;wJ> ek;gfukhd gq;Flikfisf; fl;bnaOg;Gfpd;wJ> mj;Jld; KLf;fptplg;gl;l Gj;jhf;fq;fs; (breakthrough innovations) kw;Wk; Nkk;gl;l tpahghuehk ed;kjpg;Gf;Fk; toptFf;fpwJ. 2 murhq;fq;fshdit tsq;fspd; gad;ghl;il tpidj;jpwdhf topg;gLj;JtjpYk; mNjNghd;W tsq;fis epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba tpjj;jpy; Kfhiknra;tjpYk; gpujhd tfpghfnkhd;iw tfpf;fpd;wd. tsg; gad;ghL njhlu;gpy;> mur ngWiff;nfd Njrpa ngWif Kftuhz;ikapdhy; (NPA) 2006 Mk; Mz;by; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l murhq;fg; ngWif topfhl;ly;fis ,yq;if murhq;fk; gpuNahfpf;fpd;wJ. cau;juj;Jld; Nru;j;J Mff;Fiwe;j nrytpid Vw;gLj;jp nryTg; gaDWjptha;e;j jd;ikia cr;rg;gLj;jy;> fhy ml;ltiz kw;Wk; ngWifapy; juk; vd;gtw;iw murhq;fg; ngWifr; nra;Kiw cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> murhq;fj;jpdhy; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; njhlu;gpyhd Rw;whly; nraw;wpwd;fshdit Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ngWif topfhl;ly;fspy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. Mjyhy;> murhq;fg; ngWifr; nra;Kiwapy; Rw;whly; nraw;wpwd; fupridfspd; gpuNahfj;ij xd;wpizg;gjd; %yk;> murhq;fkhdJ Rw;whly; uPjpapy; tpUk;gj;jf;f nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; NritfSf;fhd Nfs;tpapYk; mj;Jld; re;ijapy; Rw;whly; epakq;fspd; gpuNahfj;ij NkYk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Njitf;F nray; Kfq;nfhLg;gjw;fhd njhopw;Wiw Mw;wypYk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; xU epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;. gbg;gbahf> rpy cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Nritfs; Jiwapdhy; Vw;fdNt gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;w ,k; KiwikAld; ,izf;fg;gLk; nghUl;L jdpahu; JiwiaAk; Cf;Ftpf;f KbAk;. Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fis ,optsthf;Fk; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; njupNt gRikg; ngWif MFk; vd;gJld; gzj;jpw;fhd ngWkjpia mile;Jnfhs;Sk; R+oiktpw;Fs; ,J epu;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jpl;lkply;> nfhs;Kjy;> ghtid kw;Wk; mfw;wy; cs;slq;fyhd ngWifr; nra;Kiwf;Fs; Rw;whly; nraw;wpwd; fupridfspd; xd;wpizg;ig ,J Njitg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,r;R+oiktpy;> gzj;jpw;fhd ngWkjpahdJ nfhs;tdTf; fpuaj;jpw;F Nkyjpfkhf nraw;wpwd;> fpilg;gdT> juk; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; 3 nraw;wpwd; Nghd;w gy fhuzpfspd; fupridapid cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. gRikg; ngWifahdJ Rw;whly; mk;rq;fs; kw;Wk; rhj;jpakhd jhf;fq;fs; mj;Jld; nfhs;Kjy; nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; MAl;fhy Row;rp kjpg;gPl;Lld; ,ize;j fpuaq;fs; vd;gd gw;wpa xU Gupe;Jzu;itAk; Njitg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. gr;ir ,y;y thA ckpo;Tfisf; Fiwj;jy;> tYrf;jp tpidj;jpwd;> ePu; tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;jy;> kPs;Row;rpf;F cjTjy; Nghd;w Rw;whly; ,yf;Ffisg; G+u;j;jpnra;tjw;F murhq;f mjpfhupfs; gad;gLj;jf;$ba typikkpf;f fUtpnahd;Nw gRikg; ngWifahFk;. ngWiff;$lhf jpl;ltl;lkhd Rw;whly; gad;tpisTfis tpsq;fpf;nfhz;L Kd;Nehf;fpr; nry;tjw;F jPu;khdq;fs; vLf;fg;gLkplj;J> ,j; jPu;khdq;fshdit: Rw;whly; fupridfis ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; Rw;whly; uPjpapy; tpUk;gj;jf;f nghUl;fs;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; nra;Kiwfis njhopw;WiwAk; gpuirfSk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;; Rw;whly; uPjpapy; tpUk;gg;gLk; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; NritfSf;fhf Gj;jhf;fk; kw;Wk; re;ij mgptpUj;jp mj;Jld; Nfs;tp vd;gtw;iwj; J}z;l Ntz;Lk;; mj;Jld; ,e;ehl;by; tsu;e;JtUk; Rw;whly; el;GwT njhopy;El;gq;fSf;Fk; jpwd;tha;e;j kdpjts mbj;jsj;jpw;Fk; cjt Ntz;Lnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;ifahdJ> gRikf; Nfhl;ghLfis ngWif tl;lj;jpw;Fs; tof;fg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; ,jd; epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mKyhf;fj;jpw;F ,aYkhd R+oiy tpUj;jp nra;jy; vDk; fl;likg;gpw;$lhf topfhl;ly; jj;Jtq;fs;> nfhs;iff; $w;Wfs; kw;Wk; je;jpNuhghaq;fspd; xU njhlUf;$lhf ehl;by; epiyNgwhd mgptpUj;jpf;F trjpaspf;Fk; tifapy; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. II. epahag;ghL Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%f fupridfis murhq;fg; ngWiff;Fs; cs;slf;Ftjd; %yk;> cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; 4 cyfshtpa R+oy; jhf;fj;ij Fiwj;jy;> nghWg;Gfisf; Fiwj;jy;> kw;Wk; ehl;bd; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%f juj;jpid rhj;jpaKilajhf Nkk;gLj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F muR gq;fspf;f KbAk;. ,f;nfhs;ifahdJ> epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jp ,yf;F 12: epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba Efu;T kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp ghq;Ffis cWjpg;gLj;jy;> tpNrlkhf ,yf;F 12.7: 'Njrpa nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; Kd;DupikfSf;F ,zq;f> epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba murhq;fg; ngWif eilKiwfis Nkk;gLj;jy;" vd;gjid Neubahf ,yf;fhff; nfhz;lJ. 4.0 topfhl;ly; jj;Jtq;fs; m. epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jpf; fl;likg;gpw;Fs; nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; Rw;whly; mgptpUj;jp rthy;fs; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M. ngWifr; nrad;KiwahdJ mtrpakw;w nfhs;tdT / Efu;T> fopT cUthf;fk;; er;Rj;jd;ik> thopl mopT> kz; rPu;nfly;> gr;ir ,y;y thA ntspNaw;wk; vd;gtw;iw ,optsthf;fy; mj;Jld; my;yJ jtpu;j;jy; kPJk; kw;Wk; ts tpidj;jpwd;> tYrf;jp tpidj;jpwd;> ePu; tpidj;jpwd;> gzj;jpw;fhd ngWkjp> xg;gPl;L mD$yk;> Rw;whly; milahsf; FwpaPblg;gl;l (eco-labeled) my;yJ Rw;whly; uPjpapy; tpUk;gg;gLk; cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs; / Nritfspd; nfhs;tdT kw;Wk; Ngz;jF tha;g;GfSf;Fk; ghJfhg;gpw;Fkhd fy;tp vd;gtw;iw cr;rg;gLj;jy; kPJk; ftdj;ijf; Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,. tsg; gad;ghL kw;Wk; Rw;whlypd; juj;jpy; R+oy; tpidj;jpwidAk; cw;gj;jpj;jpwidAk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F MAl;fhy Row;rp> epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Efu;T mj;Jld; Row;rpg; nghUshjhu (Circular Economic) jj;Jtq;fs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. <. cw;gj;jpg;nghUs; kw;Wk; Nritapd; MAl;fhy Row;rp G+uhfTk; rhj;jpag;glf;$bajhf cr;rgl;r mstpw;F ts Efu;itf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; mj;Jld; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%fg; nghWg;gpid cr;rg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; khRgLj;JNthu; nryTg;nghWg;G (Polluter Pays) 5 jj;Jtk;> Kd;ndr;rupf;if jj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ePbf;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpahsu; nghWg;G (Rw;whly; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf cw;gj;jpg;nghUis ikag;gLj;jpa) mZFKiw vd;gd gpuNahfpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. c. rfy kl;lq;fspYk; nghJ epjpapd; gad;ghl;by; ntspg;gilj;jd;ik kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L gRikg; ngWif kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila tuTnryTj; jpl;lkplYf;fhd rl;l kw;Wk; xOq;F tpjpfis gpd;gw;WtJ mur epWtdq;fspd; flg;ghlhjy; Ntz;Lk;. C. murhq;fg; ngWifapd; gaDWjp tha;e;j mKyhf;fj;jpd; mj;jpahtrpa topKiwnahd;whf Rw;whly;rhu; nghWg;Gf;$wyhdJ milahsq; fhzg;gl;L cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. v. gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;ifapYs;s Rw;whly; nraw;wpwd; fupridf;$lhf ey;yhl;rpahdJ rfy kl;lq;fspYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 5.0 Vw;Gilj;jd;ikAk; Nehf;nfy;iyAk; ,g;gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;ifahdJ murhq;ff; nfhs;ifAld; ,ay;ghf ,izf;fg;gl;l nrytply; kw;Wk; KjyPl;L nra;Kiwnahd;whf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gRik epakq;fs; eilKiwapYs;s murhq;fg; ngWif Kiwikf;Fs; tpguf;Fwpg;Gfs; (specifications) kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;Lj; jFjptpjpfs; vd;gtw;Wld; cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J rkhdkhf jdpahu; Jiwf;Fk; Vw;GilajhftpUf;f KbAk; vd;gJld; mtw;wpd; tpahghu Kfhikj;Jt Row;rpfSf;Fs; Rw;whly; nraw;wpwd; fupridfis tof;fg;gLj;Jtjw;F jdpahu; Jiw Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 6.0 nfhs;if ,yf;Ffs; ts tpidj;jpwid cr;rg;gLj;jy;> Rw;whly; kw;Wk; kdpj eyd; kPjhd ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fis ,optsthf;fy; kw;Wk; epiyj;J epw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jpf;F cjTjy; vd;gtw;wpd; nghUl;L Rw;whly; el;GwTkpf;f ngWifapid Efu;Nthu; elj;ij khw;wj;jpD}lhf Nkk;gLj;jy;. 6 murhq;fg; ngWifapy; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; xOf;fnewpf; fupridfshdit xU tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f mur Jiw kw;Wk; Nghl;bj;jd;ik kpf;f tpahghuj;Jiw Nehf;fpa gq;fspg;ig toq;Fk;. 7.0 nfhs;ifapd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; m. eilKiwapYs;s murhq;fg; ngWifr; nra;Kiwf;Fs; gRikg; ngWiff; Nfhl;ghl;bid cs;slf;Fjy;; M. epiyj;J epw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jpf;fhd murhq;fj;jpd; flg;ghl;ilg; G+u;j;jpnra;Ak; nghUl;L gRikg; ngWif eilKiwfspd; mKyhf;fk; fUjp xU njspthd topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; gzpg;ghizapid toq;Fjy;; ,. cs;ehl;L Rw;Wr;R+oy; el;GwTkpf;f nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfis Cf;Ftpj;jYk; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ru;tNjr kl;lq;fs; ,uz;bYk; nraY}f;fkpf;fJk; epiyj;Jepw;ff;$baJkhd re;ijnahd;iw cUthf;FjYk;; <. cs;Shu; ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Nritj;Jiwfspd; Rw;whly; rhu; nraw;wpwd;fisAk; njhopDl;gq;fisAk; Nkk;gLj;j cjTjYk; Cf;Ftpj;jYk;; c. ngWifr; nra;Kiwfspd; NghJ MAl;fhyr; Row;rpapy; Rw;whlYf;fhd nrytpdj;ij fUj;jpy; nfhs;sy;; C. Rw;whly; uPjpapy; nghWg;Gkpf;f cs;ehl;L toq;Feu;fspd; tiyaikg;ig Nkk;gLj;jy;;. v. gRikg; nghUshjhuf; Nfhl;ghl;il xU tho;f;ifKiwahf rKjhaj;jpy; gpd;gw;Wjy; mj;Jld;. V. gRik KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpj;jy;. 8.0 nfhs;iff; $w;Wfs; nfhs;iff; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis miltjw;fhd jj;Jtq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L vl;L tifahd nfhs;iff; $w;Wf;fs; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j 7 nfhs;iff; $w;Wf;fs; nfhs;if mKyhf;fYf;F Njitahd topfhl;Ljy;fis toq;Fk;. mKyhf;fj;ij vspjhf;Fk; tifapy; xt;nthU tifahd nfhs;iff; $w;wpw;Fk; tpupthd cj;jpfs; ge;jp 9 ,y; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 8.1 nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfis tiuaWj;jYk; gl;baw;gLj;jYk; m) murhq;fg; ngWifr; nra;KiwapYs;s Rw;whly; nraw;wpwd; fupridfshdit rfy kl;lq;fspYk; Rw;whly; uPjpapy; tpUk;gj;jf;f nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; jfty; Kiwikfs; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Nfs;tpapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jtjw;F nghUl;fspdJk; NritfspdJk; KOikahd MAl;fhyr; Row;rpapy; gpujpgypf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; jfty; Kiwikfs; vd;gd Nehf;fj;jpw;Fk;> gzj;jpw;fhd ngWkjpf;Fk; mj;Jld; Rw;whly; nraw;wpwDld;$ba nraw;ghl;Lj; jd;ikf;Fk; nghUe;j Ntz;Lk;. ,) re;ijapy; fpilf;ff;$ba cs;ehl;L uPjpapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Efu;Tf;Fg; gpd;du; kPsg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; (post-consumer recovered) nghUl;fspdJk; Efu;Tf;F Kd;du; kPsg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; (pre-consumer recovered) nghUl;fspdJk; kpff;$ba rjtPjj;ij cs;slf;Ffpd;w kPs;Row;rp nra;af;$ba kw;Wk; kPs;Row;rp nra;ag;gl;l cs;slf;f cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fis murhq;fj; JiwahdJ Nkk;gLj;jp nfhs;tdT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. 8.2 tpopg;Gzu;T cUthf;fk;> mwpT Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;gy; m) xl;Lnkhj;j gRikg; ngWif Kiwikr; nraw;wpwd;fs; njhlu;ghd gpd;D}l;lj;jpw;fhd mZFtopAld; murhq;f kw;Wk; jdpahu; Jiw cw;gj;jpahsu;fs;> toq;Feu;fs;> xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fs;> ,ilaPl;lhsu;fs; kw;Wk; Efu;Nthu;fs; mNjNghd;W nghJg;gilahfg; nghJkf;fs; MfpNahiu cs;slf;Fk; rfy 8 ,yf;Ff; FOf;fs; kPJk; ftdj;jpidf; Ftpf;Fk; nghwpKiwnahd;Wld; tpopg;Gzu;T cUthf;f Kiwfs; tpUj;jpnra;ag;gl;L mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;ifapd; gaDWjp tha;e;j mKyhf;fj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mj;Jld; rfy kl;lq;fspYk; Rw;whly; nraw;wpwid xd;wpizj;J Kiwik tpidj;jpwd;fspd; njhlu;r;rpahd Nkk;ghl;bid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mwpT Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;gy; khjpupfs; / Kiwfs; tpUj;jpnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. 8.3 rl;lg; nghwpKiwAk; gpzf;Fj; jPu;Tk; m) gRikg; ngWif eltbf;ifapy; ,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryprf; Fbaurpd; rl;lq;fs; Vw;Gilajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. M) Kiwg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; gpzf;Fj; jPu;Tr; nraw;ghLfshdit eilKiwapYs;s ngWif topfhl;lYf;F xj;jpirthf mjd; vjpu;fhy ,w;iwg; gLj;jy;fSlDk; ,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryprf; Fbaurpd; rl;lq;fSlDk; ifahsg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 8.4 fz;fhzpj;jy;> rupghu;j;jy;> kjpg;gply; kw;Wk; mwpf;ifaply; m) rl;l> eilKiw kw;Wk; ey;yhl;rp mk;rq;fs; kPJk; mNj Nghd;W xl;Lnkhj;j r%f> Rw;whly; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu mk;rq;fs; kPJk; ftdj;ijf; Ftpj;J ,f; nfhs;ifapd; nraw;wpwd; fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;L> rupghu;f;fg;gl;L> kjpg;gplg;gl;L mwpf;ifaplg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) xU KOikahd gRikg; ngWifr; nraw;wpwd; mwpf;ifahdJ Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;Rld; ,ize;J ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdj;jhy; tUlhe;jk; gpuRupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 9 ,) gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;if mKyhf;fj;jpw;$lhf nraw;ifahf milag;ngw;w ,yf;Ffis tplTk; Rw;whlYf;F cz;ikapy; fpilf;fg; ngw;w ed;ikfs; gw;wpa Fiwepug;G mwpf;iffs; Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rpdhy; jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 8.5 nfhs;if mKyhf;fk; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gf;fhd epWtd uPjpahd nghwpKiw m) xl;Lnkhj;j xOq;FWj;Jif kw;Wk; epWtd xd;wpizg;Gk;; mj;Jld; Nkw;ghu;itj; njhopw;ghLk; ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdj;jpw;F cupj;jspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) gRik epakq;fs; kw;Wk; tpguf;Fwpg;Gfis ngWifr; Row;rpf;Fs; tof;fg;gLj;Jtjw;F Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rhdJ ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdj;Jld; $l;bizjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,) gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;ifapidf; fz;fhzpj;jy;> rupghu;j;jy; kw;Wk; kjpg;gpLjy; vd;gd Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rpdJk; ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdj;jpdJk; $l;Lg; nghWg;nghd;whf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. <. ,f;nfhs;if kw;Wk; ,jd;mKyhf;fk; gw;wpa jfty;fis ,yFthf mZFtijAk; ,e;ehl;bd; rfy gpuirfSf;Fk; gpd;D}l;lj;ij toq;FtijAk; trjpg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L xU KOikahd kw;Wk; ntspg;gilahd nghwpKiwnahd;W cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 8.6 cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;F trjpaspj;jy; m) gRikf; Nfhl;ghLfis jkJ cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; MAl;fhy Row;rpf;Fs; tof;fg;gLj;Jtjw;F rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju 10 njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; (SMEs) cs;slq;fyhf cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpahsu;fs;> toq;Feu;fs; kw;Wk; tpepNahfr; rq;fpypapy; cs;s tpw;gidahsu;fs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; ,yFthf mZff; $ba tifapy; cWjpahd mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l rhd;Wg;gLj;jy; Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; epakq;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 8.7 epjpg; nghwpKiwfs; m) gRikr; re;ij njhFjpapy; Nghl;baplf;$ba Fwpj;j rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLk; (SMEs) vy;yh cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;Fk; trjpaspf;Fk; gRikg; ngWiff;$lhf midj;Jklq;fpa nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapid Nkk;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L gy;NtWgl;l epjpj; jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jy; je;jpNuhghaq;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 8.8 ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;G m) murhq;fj;jpdhy; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l ru;tNjr Rw;whly; flg;ghLfSldhd ,zf;fg;ghlhdJ rfy kl;lq;fspYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) cs;ehl;L kl;lj;jpy; $Ljy; gRikahd cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; jfty; Kiwikfis Gj;jhf;fk; nra;tjw;Fk; cw;gj;jpnra;tjw;Fk; mj;Jld; cs;ehl;L rKjhaj;jpw;F re;ij mZf;fj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;G tYg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,) gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;ifapd; mKyhf;fj;jpw;$lhf epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jp fUjp murhq;fj;jpd; flg;ghL GJg;gpf;fg;gl;L ntspg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 9.0 nfhs;if mKyhf;fk; nfhs;if mKyhf;f je;jpNuhghaq;fs;: nfhs;iff; $w;Wf;fspd; vl;LtiffisAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fPo; tUk; 11 je;jpNuhghaq;fs; gue;j Nehf;fpy; tpupthd nraw;wpl;lj;ij cUthf;f Nkyjpf topfhl;Ljy;fisAk; newpKiwfisAk; toq;Fk;. ,e;j je;jpNuhghaq;fis gpd;gw;wp nfhs;ifr; nraw;ghLfs; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. 9.1 nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfis tiuaWj;jYk; gl;baw;gLj;jYk; m) murhq;fg; ngWiff;Fs; gRikf; fupridfs; $Ljy; ghtidahsu; el;GwT epakq;fisAk; tpguf;Fwpg;GfisAk; gy; gupkhzq;fs; my;yJ cau;kl;l Rw;whly; nraw;wpwid mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L gbg;gbahff; fUj;jpnyLj;J cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) kjpg;gPl;L jFjptpjpfspy;> tpiykDjhuu;fspd; rkkw;w epiyAld; njhlu;Ggl;l tplaq;fs; njspthf vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,) cj;jpNahfG+u;tkhf %d;W kl;lq;fspy; gRikahd nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; jfty; Kiwikfs; vd;gd gl;baw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;: gl;baw;gLj;jg;gLk; tpUg;gk; gw;wp Muk;gj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;Fk; Efu;NthUf;Fk; njupag;gLj;jy; (kl;lk; 3); tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; rthy;fs; gw;wpa re;ij Ma;Tk; jpl;ltl;lkhd njupT epge;jidfspd; tpUj;jpAk; (kl;lk; 2); mj;Jld; cj;jpNahfG+u;tkhd gl;baw;gLj;jy; (kl;lk; 1). <) gRikg; ngWif Vw;ghLfshdit topfhl;ly;fs;> ife;E}y;fs; kw;Wk; epak tpiykD Mtzq;fSf;Fs; cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; cw;gj;jpahsu;fSk; Efu;Nthu;fSk; kjpEl;gkhd njupTfisAk; jPu;khdq;fisAk; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ,aYkhFk; tifapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. c) fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs;> ed;eilKiwfspd; mbg;gilapYk; mj;Jld; mgptpUj;jp je;jpNuhghaq;fs;> kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd mwpT Nkk;ghLfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wq;fSf;F ,zq;fTk; gRikg; ngWif epakq;fSk; tpguf;Fwpg;GfSk; fhyf;fpukj;jpy; ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 12 C) kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; njupT eilKiwfspy; ntspg;gilj;jd;ikAk; khw;wKwhj;jd;ikAk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. v) murhq;f mikg;Gfs;> Efu;Nthu;fs;> cw;gj;jpahsu;fs;> tpepNahf];ju;fs; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; mikg;Gfs; Nghd;w rfy mf;fiwjhuu;fspdJk; gq;Fgw;wYld; Njrpa epakq;fSk; Rw;Wr;R+oy; milahs FwpaPLfSk; gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; Mu;tKila rfy jug;gpdu;fSk; ,tw;iw mZff;$bajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. V) cw;gj;jpahsu;fSk; Efu;Nthu;fSk; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Efu;tpy; kjpEl;gkhd njupTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;nfd nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; MAl;fhyr; Row;rp Rw;whly; fpua fzpg;gPLfs; gw;wpa ghtidahsu; el;GwT Kiwfs; fpilf;ff;$bajhfr; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. I) ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l fle;jfhy milnthd;iwf; nfhz;L cs;ehl;L uPjpapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Efu;Tf;Fg; gpd;du; kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; (post-consumer recovered) nghUl;fisAk; Efu;Tf;F Kd;du; kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; (pre-consumer recovered) nghUl;fisAk; ,dq;fhZk; nghUl;L cWjpahd njupTj; jFjptpjpnahd;W tpUj;jpnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. x) cw;gj;jpr; nra;Kiwfspy; cs;ehl;L uPjpapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Efu;Tf;Fg; gpd;du; kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; nghUl;fisAk; Efu;Tf;F Kd;du; kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; nghUl;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; ghtid fUjp ju cWjpg;ghl;L Kiwnahd;W gpd;gw;wg;gl;L gpuRupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. X) kPs;Row;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;l cs;slf;fq;fs; gw;wpa gpufldnkhd;W cw;gj;jpr; nra;KiwapYk; KbTg; nghUspYk; fl;lhakhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 13 9.2 tpopg;Gzu;T cUthf;fk;> mwpT Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;gy; m) nghJkf;fSf;F fpilf;ff;$bajhfr; nra;ag;gl;l gRikg; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; tPr;nrhd;iwf; fhl;Ltjw;fhd fUtpnahd;whf Rw;Wr;R+oy; Nea cw;gj;jpg; nghUs; tptuj;jpul;L xd;W tpUj;jpnra;ag;gl;L gpuRupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) gpd;D}l;lj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd trjpfSld; ehL G+uhfTk; rfy gpuirfs; rhu;gpYk; gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;if kw;Wk; njhlu;Ggl;l Mtzq;fs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fisAk; jfty; gfpu;itAk; ,yFthf mZfpf;nfhs;tjw;F trjpaspf;Fk; nghUl;L ehlshtpa jfty; gug;gy; nghwpKiwnahd;W jhgpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,) gRikj; njhopy;El;gk;> gRikf; Nfhl;ghLfs;> Rw;Wr;R+oy; milahsg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; gRik kdpjts mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghd gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; ru;tNjr gapw;rp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g khw;wy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Clhf cs;ehl;L rKjhaj;jpd; mwpT kw;Wk; jpwd;fs; xOq;FKiwahf juKau;j;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. <) Njitapid milahsq;fhzy;> njhopy;El;g cjtp trjpg;gLj;jy;> epGzj;Jt mwptpidg; gug;Gjy; kw;Wk; jfty;fisg; gfpu;jy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd cupa Vida njhopy;epGzj;Jt mikg;Gf;fSld; Nru;e;j tpNrl tiyaikg;G Kiwiknahd;Wld; ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdj;Jld; ,ize;J Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rpy; mwpTf; Nfe;jpuikak; xd;W jhgpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. c) guPl;rpj;jy;> rhd;Wg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; mq;fPfupj;jy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;gy; kw;Wk; nraw;wpwd; kjpg;gPl;L Kiwfs; Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rpdhy; ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdj;Jld; ,ize;J jhgpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 14 C) gRikj; jFjptpjpfs;> guPl;rpj;jy;> rhd;Wg;gLj;jy;> mq;fPfupj;jy; kw;Wk; Vida nghUj;jkhd njhopy;El;g mk;rq;fis cUthf;Fifapy; Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd Njit vOk;Nghnjy;yhk; nghUj;jkhd mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l epWtdj;jpd; topfhl;lypd; fPo; ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;ig ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;. V) ifj;njhopy;fs; mtw;wpd; Kiwik tpidj;jpwd;fis Nkk;gLj;jTk; mNj Nghd;W mtw;wpd; mwpf;ifaply; Mw;wy;fis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; nghUl;Lk; Njrpa gRik mwpf;ifaply; Kiwik gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 9.3 rl;lg; nghwpKiwAk; gpzf;Fj; jPu;Tk; m) eilKiwapYs;s rl;lf; fl;likg;ghdJ murhq;fg; ngWif eilKiw kw;Wk; xg;ge;j Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;Fs; gRik mk;rq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;Jifapy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; ,ilntspfisAk;; mj;Jld; cw;gj;jp> Nghf;Ftuj;J> toq;fYk; tpepNahfKk;> Efu;T kw;Wk; ,Wjp mfw;wy; vDk; KO MAl;fhyr; Row;rpapypUe;J tpisag;ngWk; Rw;whly; kPjhd jPq;fhd tpisTfis ,optsthf;Ftjw;fhd mjd; Mw;wiyAk; ,dq;fhZk; nghUl;L kPsha;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; mNjNghd;W Efu;Nthu;fspd; fupridfis cs;slf;fp Rw;whly; uPjpapy; tpUk;gj;jf;f ngWiffSld; murhq;fg; ngWif Kiwik gaDWjptha;e;j tpjj;jpy; ,zf;fKWtjw;F ,aYkhFk; tifapy; Vw;Gilajhdtplj;njy;yhk; eilKiwapYs;s rl;lf; fl;likg;gpw;F Njitahd kWrPuikg;Gfs; / jpUj;jq;fs; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,) Rw;whly; uPjpapy; tpUk;gj;jf;f cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F Vw;Gilajhdtplj;njy;yhk; mKy;gLj;jf;$ba rl;lf; fUtpfspD}lhf murhq;fg; ngWifapd; jj;Jtq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; KOikahd murhq;fg; ngWifr; Row;rpapd; Kiwik tpidj;jpwd;fs; tYg;gLj;jg;gl / Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 15 <) eilKiwapYs;s Nkd;KiwaPl;L eilKiw kw;Wk; fiwepuy; gl;bayply; nra;Kiwf;F xj;jpirthf gRik murhq;fg; ngWifAld; njhlu;Ggl;l gpzf;Ffs; jPu;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 9.4 fz;fhzpj;jy;> rupghu;j;jy;> kjpg;gply; kw;Wk; mwpf;ifaply; m) Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l Rw;whly;> r%f kw;Wk; epjp Mjhaq;fspd; ntspaPL> gad;tpisT kw;Wk; jhf;ftpisT gw;wpa kjpg;gPl;bid mDkjpj;J> nfhs;if mKyhf;fj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk;> mj;Jld; mbg;gilj; juTfspd; mbg;gilapy; jhf;fk; Nehf;fpa Fwpfhl;bfisf; nfhz;L epuk;gy; gf;fk; kw;Wk; Nfs;tpg; gf;fj;jpd; kPjhd mjd; jhf;fj;jpidAk; kjpg;gpLtjw;F fzpa uPjpahd Fwpfhl;bfisf; nfhz;L gRikg; ngWifapd; nraw;wpwid fz;fhzpj;J> rupghu;j;J> kjpg;gpLk; nghUl;L KOikahd> milaf;$ba kw;Wk; mstplf;$ba nraw;wpwd; Fwpfhl;bfs; tpUj;jpnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) xg;GuthdJk; epiyj;J epw;ff;$baJkhd rKjhaq;fshf epiykhWjy;fs; cs;slq;fyhf ,f;nfhs;ifapd; xl;Lnkhj;j nraw;wpwidAk; fhz;gpf;Fk; nghUl;L nraw;wpwd; Fwpfhl;bfs; fhyf;fpukkhf kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;L ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,) ,f;nfhs;ifapd; nraw;wpwid fz;fhzpj;jy;> rupghu;j;jy;> kjpg;gpLjy; Mfpatw;iw ,aYkhdjhf;Fk; tifapy; mur Jiw epWtdq;fs; nra;ag;gl;l KjyPl;Lld; Nru;j;J tUlhe;j gRikg; ngWif Kd;Ndw;wj;ij mwpf;ifapl Ntz;Lk;. <) KOikahd gRikg; ngWif Kiwik Nkk;ghLfs; fUjp cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; njhlu;gpy; ,Wjpg; ghtidahsu;fsplkpUe;Jk; Vida Mu;tKila jug;gpdu;fsplkpUe;Jk; gpd;D} l;lj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L Fwpg;gpl;lfhy ,ilntspapy; Ma;TfSk; cWjpahd mgpg;gpuha fzpg;GfSk; (opinion polls) Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 16 c) murhq;fg; ngWifr; nra;Kiwapy; rfy kl;lq;fspYk; ,f;nfhs;ifapd; gaDWjptha;e;j kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwdhd mKyhf;fj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F kdpjts mgptpUj;jp (HRD) nghwpKiwnahd;W tpUj;jpnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. 9.5 nfhs;if mKyhf;fk; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gf;fhd epWtd uPjpahd nghwpKiw m) ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghf mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdkhdJ topfhl;ly;fs;> ife;E}y;fs; kw;Wk; epak tpiykD Mtzq;fis jahupj;J mtw;Wf;Fj; jpUj;jq;fisr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;; vd;gJld; NkYk; Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rpd; cjtpAlDk; cupa JiwfspYs;s epGzu;fspd; MjuTlDk; njhlu;Ggl;l njspT+l;ly;fisr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. M) ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghf mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdkhdJ Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rpd; cjtpAld; ,f;nfhs;ifapd; mKyhf;fk; njhlu;ghd topfhl;ly;fis tpUj;jpnra;Ak; nghUl;L cupa JiwfspYs;s epGzu; FOf;fis epakpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,) ngWifr; nrad;Kiwapy; <LgLk; epWtdq;fs; ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghf mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdj;jpd; topfhl;lYld;> ngWifr; nrad;Kiwapd; mj;jpahtrpa $Wfshf ntspg;gilj;jd;ik> epahak;> Nghl;b> nghWg;Gf;$wy; kw;Wk; rupghu;f;ff;$bajd;ik mj;Jld; jlkwpe;J fz;Lgpbf;ff;$bajd;ik vd;gtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ntspg;gilj;jd;ikiaAk; tpidj;jpwidAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,yj;jpudpay; ngWifia cs;slf;f Ntz;Lk;. <) gRik tpguf;Fwpg;Gfis tpUj;jpnra;tjw;F ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghf mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdj;Jld; ,ize;J Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rpdhy; gRik mur ngWif gw;wpa 17 epWtdq;fSf;fpilNaahd epGzu; FO (IAEC – GPP) xd;W cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. c) cupa murhq;f epWtdq;fSlDk; ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghf mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdj;JlDk; ,ize;J Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rhdJ gpuirfs; MNyhridg; gzpafnkhd;iw cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; ghuk;gupa ngWifapypUe;J gRikg; ngWiff;fhd epiykhw;wj;jpw;F cjTk; nghUl;L mwpTf; Nfe;jpuikaj;Jld; neUf;fkhf ,ize;J nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. C) gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;ifapidf; fz;fhzpj;J> rupghu;j;J> kjpg;gpLtjw;F cjTk; nghUl;L Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rpy; KOikahf tpUj;jpaile;j nghwpKiw / myF / nrayfk; xd;W jhgpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghf mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdk; gRikg; ngWiff;fhd xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdkhf ,Uf;Fk;. v) nraw;ifahf milag;ngw;w ,yf;Ffis tplTk; Rw;whly;> nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; rKjhaj;jpw;F cz;ikapy; fpilf;fg; ngw;w ed;ikfis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rhdJ ,f;nfhs;ifapd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij fz;fhzpj;J> rupghu;j;J> kjpg;gpl;L Fwpg;gpl;l fhy ,ilntspapy; mwpf;ifapl Ntz;Lk;. V) nghUshjhu> r%f> Rw;whly; kw;Wk; epu;thfg; gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; gupkhw;Wtjw;fhf cupa mf;fiwjhuu;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy;epGzj;Jt mikg;GfSf;fpilapy; epiyNgwhd tiyaikg;nghd;W jhgpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. I) gRik cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; NritfSld; njhlu;Ggl;l ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F cs;ehl;L rKjhaj;jpdiu tYT+l;Lk; nghUl;L ehlshtpa uPjpapy; rfy 18 mf;fiwjhuu;fSf;Fk; jfty;fspd; mZf;fj;Jld; gRikg; ngWif ,aq;Fjsk; (platform) xd;W cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. x) Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rhdJ ,f;nfhs;ifapid fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; kPsha;T nra;tJld; njhlu;Gila gpd;D}l;lk; kw;Wk; nraw;wpwid fUj;jpnyLj;J nghUj;jkhd jpUj;jq;fis cs;slf;f Ntz;Lk;. 9.6 cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;F trjpaspj;jy; m) epiykhw;wj;jpw;F cjTk; nghUl;L Njitg;gLk; nghUj;jkhd mwpT kw;Wk; jpwd;fs;> mj;Jld; epjp kw;Wk; epjprhuh Cf;Ftpg;Gfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) Rw;Wr;R+oy; Gj;jhf;fk; kw;Wk; epiyNgw;Wj; jd;ikapid ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w tpahghu kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; FOf;fSf;F Mjutspg;gjd; %yk; gRikg; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; jfty; KiwikfSf;F Gyg;glf;$ba ,yq;ifr; re;ijnahd;W Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,) epiyj;J epw;ff;$ba cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Efu;T njhlu;ghd ed;eilKiwfshtd Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l re;ij mZf;fj;jpw;$lhf toq;fy; tupirj;njhlupd; topNa Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. <) gRikg; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; NritfSf;fhf cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ru;tNjr re;ijfSf;fhd mZf;fj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;Fk; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;jusTj; njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;Fk; (SMEs) Kd;Dupikfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. c) Rw;whly; uPjpapy; nghWg;Gila mj;Jld; epahakhd tu;j;jf eilKiwfis (fair-trade practices) gpd;gw;Wfpd;w toq;Feu;fs; kw;Wk; tpahghupfs; milahsq;fhzg;gl;L rd;khdk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. C) ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l mq;fPfupj;jy; / rhd;Wg;gLj;jy; KiwikfSld;$ba tiyaikg;G Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; gRikg; nghUl;fs;> 19 Ntiyfs;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; jfty; Kiwikfs; rhu;gpy; cs;ehl;L mq;fPfupj;jy; / rhd;Wg;gLj;jy; Kiwikfis cUthf;Fk; / mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L cs;ehl;L Mw;wy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl Ntz;Lk;. v) cs;ehl;by; ru;tNjr mq;fPfhuj;Jld; $ba nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; jfty; Kiwikfspd; gue;Jgl;l milit cWjpg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L cs;ehl;L mq;fPfupj;jy; Kiwikfspd; nraw;wpwdhdJ tYg;gLj;jg;gl / Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; mjw;F trjpaspf;fg; glTk; Ntz;Lk;. 9.7 epjpg; nghwpKiwfs; m) khRgLj;JNthu; nryTg;nghWg;G jj;Jtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; kPJ Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G tupnahd;W tpjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) Fwpj;j Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd epjp kw;Wk; Rw;whly; jFjptpjpfs; kw;Wk; epakq;fSf;F ,zq;fp xOFk; toq;Feu;fSf;F epjp mZf;fj;jpid toq;Fk; nghUl;L ,t; tup tpjpg;gdtpypUe;J fpilf;fg;ngWk; epjpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F Gj;jhf;fkhd epjprhu; Cf;Ftpg;G nghwpKiwfs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,) njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fs; Gjpa Kiwikf;F khWtjw;F ,aYkhFk; tifapy; mtu;fSf;F epjprhu; trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F tq;fpj; Jiwia Cf;Ftpj;jy;. <) ,f;nfhs;ifapd; ntw;wpfukhd mKyhf;fj;jpw;fhf epakq;fis cUthf;fy;> mq;fPfupj;jy;> juf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwik Nkk;ghL> fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; njhopEl;g khw;wj;jpYk; njhopw;rhiyj;Jiw gad;ghl;bYk; Vida Kiwik Nkk;ghLfs; gpuNahfpf;fg; glf;$ba re;ju;g;gq;fs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhf rhj;jpag;glf;$batplj;njy;yhk; ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;G ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 20 9.8 ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;G m) gaDWjptha;e;jJk; Mf;fG+u;tkhdJkhd gRikg; ngWiff;fhd Njrpaf; nfhs;if mKyhf;fj;jpd; nghUl;L ,yq;ifapdhy; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l Rw;whly; flg;ghLfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; mtw;wpd; ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;fSld; gue;jstpy; njupag;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L ghtidahsu;el;Gwthd nghwpKiw xd;W jhgpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. M) gRikg; nghUl;fs;> Ntiyfs;> kw;Wk; Nrit toq;fypy; njhlu;r;rpahd Kd;Ndw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Gj;jhf;f jpwd;fisAk; mwpitAk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; ru;tNjr murhq;fq;fSf;fpilapyhd epWtdq;fs;> ru;tNjr uPjpapy;Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l njhopy; epGzj;Jt mikg;Gf;fs;> Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida fy;tp epWtdq;fSld; $ba tiyaikg;Gf;fs; epWtg;gl my;yJ gyg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,) re;ijia mZff;$ba tz;zk; Vw;fdNt cs;s gq;fhsu;fis tYg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Gjpa Nkyjpf gq;fhsu;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; rhd;wpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l rpwe;j nraw;ghLfis ntspfhl;Ltjw;fhd topKiwnahd;W tpUj;jpnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. <) cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ru;tNjr kl;lq;fspy; epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis mile;Jnfhs;Sk; NghJ ed;eilKiwfs; / rpwe;j nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs; vd;gtw;iw ,dq;fhz;gjw;Fk;> mq;fPfupg;gjw;Fk; mj;Jld; mtw;iwj; njhFg;gjw;Fnkd gRikg; ngWif gw;wpa Njrpa nfhs;ifapd; mKyhf;f Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. c) gyjug;G Rw;whly; cld;gbf;iffspy; ,zq;Ftjd; gaDWjpahd Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;L fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLtJld; ed;eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs; vd;gd gue;Jgl;l uPjpapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 21 C) If;fpa ehLfs; rig (UN) kw;Wk; Vida ru;tNjr kd;wq;fs; vd;gtw;WlDk; Njitg;gLk; NghJ Vida ehLfspd; Mw;wy;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F cjTtjw;Fk; ed;eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs; gfpug;gly; Ntz;Lk;. fiyr;nrhw;nwhFjp ,f;nfhs;if tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; R+oiktpy; ,f; nfhs;if Mtzj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jgtu;fs; rpy fiyr;nrhw;fspd; NghJkhd Gupjnyhd;iw nfhz;bUg;gjw;F cjTtNj ,f;fiyr;nrhw;nwhFjpapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ntt;NtWgl;l R+oikTfspYk; epyikfspYk; mj;jifa fiyr;nrhw;fspd; nghUs;NfhlyhdJ NtWgl KbAk; vd;gijf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. capuhw;wy; (Bio capacity): gaDs;s capupay; nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mj;Jld; jw;NghJs;s Kfhikj;Jtj; jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpupj;njLj;jy; njhopy;El;gq;fis gad;gLj;jp> kdpju;fshy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l fopTg; nghUl;fis cs;sPu;g;gjw;Fkhd R+ow;nwhFjpfspd; Mw;wiy capuhw;wy; vd;gJ Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wJ. fhyepiy> Kfhikj;Jtk;> mj;Jld; kdpj nghUshjhuj;jpw;F gaDs;s cs;sPLfshf fUjg;gLk; gFjpfs; vitNah mitAk; fhuzkhf tUlhtUlk; capuhw;wy; khw;wkila KbAk;. Row;rpg; nghUshjhuk; (Circular Economy): nrhj;Jf;fspd; (cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs;> nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; tsq;fs;) ngWkjpia> mtw;wpd; ghtidapd; Kbtpy; nrhj;jpd; MAl;fhyr; Row;rpf;Fs; mtw;iw jpUg;Gtjd; %yk; vt;tsT fhyj;jpw;Fr; rhj;jpag;gLfpd;wNjh mt;tsT fhyj;jpw;Fg; NgZtijAk;> mNjNtis gfpu;jy;> kPsg;ghtpj;jy;> jpUj;Jjy;> Gduikj;jy;> GJg;gpj;jy;> kPs;cw;gj;jp nra;jy;> kPs;Row;rp nra;jy; kw;Wk; kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;jy; %yk; fopT cUthf;fj;ij ,optsthf;FtijAk; ,J ,yf;fhff; nfhz;lJ. tbtikg;gpd; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; %d;W jj;Jtq;fis ,J mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ: fopitAk; khrpidAk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;> cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fisAk; nghUl;fisAk; (mtw;wpd; kpfTau;e;j ngWkjpapy;) Row;rp Kiwg;gLj;jy; mj;Jld;> ,aw;ifapid kPSUthf;Fjy; vd;gdNt mitahFk;. 22 Rw;Wr;R+oy; tpidj;jpwd; (Eco efficiency): kdpj Njitfisj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;JtJk; tho;f;ifj;juj;ij nfhz;L tUtJk; mNjNtis cw;gj;jpg;nghUs; my;yJ Nritapd; MAl;fhyk; KOtJk; Rw;Wr;R+oy; jhf;fq;fisAk; tsr;nrwpitAk; gbg;gbahff; Fiwg;gJkhd Nghl;b uPjpapy; tpiyaplg;gl;l nghUl;fisAk; NritfisAk; toq;Ftjd; %yk; Rw;Wr;R+oy; tpidj;jpwd; milag;gLfpd;wJ. njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; nra;Kiw khw;wq;fSf;$lhf $Ljy; ngWkjpia ,J cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. Rw;whly; milahsf; FwpaPbly; (Eco labeling): cyfk; G+uhfTk; eilKiwapYs;s Rw;whly; nraw;wpwd; rhd;Wg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; milahsg;gLj;jy; gw;wpa xU KiwNa Rw;whly; milahsf; FwpaPbly; MFk;. xU Fwpj;j cw;gj;jpg;nghUs; / Nrit tFjpf;Fs; xU cw;gj;jpg;nghUs; my;yJ Nritapd; xl;Lnkhj;jkhd> ep&gpf;fg;gl;l Kd;Dupikapid ,dq;fhZfpd;w xU milahsNk xU ' Rw;whly; milahsf; FwpaPL" MFk;. Rw;Wr;R+oy; mbj;jlk; (Ecological Footprint): xU jug;gl;l rdj;njhifahdJ mJ EfUk; ,aw;if tsq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mj;Jld; mjd; fopTfis> tpNrlkhf fhgd; (carbon) ckpo;Tfis cs;sPu;g;gjw;Fnkd Njitg;gLj;Jfpd;w Rw;Wr;R+oy; nrhj;Jf;fis Rw;Wr;R+oy; mbj;jlk; mstpLfpd;wJ. Mjyhy;> jkJ ,aw;if tsq;fspd; ghtidapid epiyj;J epw;fr; nra;tjw;Fj; Njitg;gLk; epyj;jpd; msthf ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; my;yJ RUf;fkhf> ehk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,aw;ifapd; msT vt;tsT vd;gjhfTk; ehk; gad;gLj;Jk; ,aw;ifapd; msT vt;tsT vd;gjhfTk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;> Rw;whly; kPJ MnshUtupd; my;yJ rKjhaj;jpd; jhf;fj;ij ,J mstpLfpd;wJ. Rw;whly;rhu; nghWg;Gf;$wy; (Environmental Accountability): midtUk; jkJ gq;fpy; Rw;whliyg; ghjpf;Fk; ve;jnthU nraYf;Fk; nghWg;Gf;$WtJk; r%fj;jpw;fhd nghWg;Gf;$wiy Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJkhd jj;Jtk;. ePbf;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpahsu; nghWg;G (Extended Producer Responsibility): Efu;Tf;Fg; gpd;duhd cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fisg; gjg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf my;yJ mfw;Wtjw;fhf fzprkhd epjp mj;Jld; / my;yJ ngsjpf nghWg;nghd;W 23 ve;j mZFKiwapd; fPo; cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;wNjh mf;nfhs;if mZFKiwNa ,JthFk;. cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jpahsu;fSk; ,wf;Fkjpahsu;fSk; cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fSf;fhd %yg;nghUl;fisj; njupTnra;ifapy; ,ay;ghfTs;s cw;gj;jp %yg;nghUs;rhu; (upstream) jhf;fq;fs;> cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; cw;gj;jpr; nra;KiwapNyNa tpisAk; jhf;fq;fs;> mj;Jld; cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fspd; ghtid kw;Wk; mfw;wypypUe;jhd cw;gj;jp %yg;nghUs; fl;lj;jpw;Fg; gpd;duhd (downstream) jhf;fq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf cw;gj;jpg;nghUs; MAl;fhyr; Row;rp KOtJk; jkJ cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fspd; Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd fzprkhdsT nghWg;nghd;iwj; jhq;f Ntz;Lk;. cw;gj;jpahsu;fshNdhu; MAl;fhyr; Row;rp Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fis ,optsthf;Ftjw;F jkJ cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fis tbtikf;Fk; NghJk; tbtikg;gpdhy; ePf;fg;gl Kbahj Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd rl;l> ngsjpf my;yJ r%f-nghUshjhu nghWg;gpid Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; NghJk; jkJ nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. epahakhd tu;j;jf eilKiw (Fair Trade practice): mgptpUj;jpaile;JtUk; ehLfspYs;s cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba kw;Wk; xg;Guthd tu;j;jf cwTfis mile;Jnfhs;tjw;F cjTk; nghUl;L tbtikf;fg;gl;l Xu; xOq;Nf ,JthFk;. tWikapidf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> Ntiyahl;fisAk; tptrhapfisAk; xOf;fkhf elhj;Jtjw;fhd Vw;ghl;ilr; nra;tjw;Fk;> mj;Jld; Rw;whly; uPjpapy; epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba eilKiwfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fnkd mgptpUj;jpaile;JtUk; ehLfspYs;s cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; jkJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fSf;F epahakhdnjhU tpiyapidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F ,J cjTfpd;wJ. kdpjts mgptpUj;jp (Human Resource Development): Fwpj;j Neuj;jpw;Fs; elhj;jg;gl;lJk; mj;Jld; rhjfkhd elj;ijrhu; khw;wq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F tbtikf;fg;gl;lJkhd xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghLfspd; xU njhlu;. Copau;fs; jkJ jpwd;fs;> mwpT kw;Wk; Mw;wy;fis tpUj;jpnra;tjw;F cjTtjw;fhd xU fl;likg;Ng ,JthFk;. MAl;fhy Row;rp kjpg;gPL (Life Cycle Assessment): cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs; my;yJ Nritfspd; MAl;fhy Row;rpapd; 24 topNa mtw;wpd; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%f nraw;wpwid kjpg;gpLtjw;fhd xU fUtpNa MAl;fhy Row;rp kjpg;gPL MFk;. Rw;whly; MAl;fhy Row;rp kjpg;gPl;bd; fPo;> tsq;fspd; (tYrf;jp mlq;fyhf) gpupj;njLg;Gk; Efu;Tk; mNjNghd;W tsp> ePu; kw;Wk; kz; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd tpLtpg;GfSk; MAl;fhyr; Row;rpapd; midj;Jf; fl;lq;fSf;$lhfTk; mstplg;gLfpd;wd. Kf;fpakhd Rw;whly; jhf;f tFjpfSf;fhd mtw;wpd; rhj;jpakhd gq;fspg;G gpd;du; kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. fhyepiy khw;wk;> er;Rj;jd;ik> R+ow;nwhFjp ghjpg;G kw;Wk; ts mbj;js rPuopT vd;gtw;iw ,it cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. MAl;fhy Row;rp Rw;whly; fpuak; (Life Cycle Environment Cost): cupa vjpu;fhyj; jPu;khdj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gLtjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ntspthup tpisTfs; cs;slq;fyhf cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fspd; MAl;fhy Row;rpapy; cs;thq;fg;gLk; nraw;ghl;lhsu; xUtupdhy; my;yJ mjdpYq;$batu;fshy; Neubahf cs;slf;fg;gLk; cw;gj;jpg;nghUs; xd;wpd; MAl;fhyr; Row;rpf;Fs; ,ize;j rfy fpuaq;fSk;. cw;gj;jpg;nghUspd; KO MAl;fhy Row;rpapYk; mg;nghUspdhy; tpistpf;fg;gLk; Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fspd; Neubahd kw;Wk; kiwKfkhd fpuaq;fs; ,uz;ilANk ,J cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. gyjug;G Rw;whly; cld;gbf;iffs; (Multi-Lateral Environment Agreements): fhyepiy khw;wk> capu;g;gy;tifik ,og;G khrilTk; fopTk; Nghd;w G+Nfhs R+oy; rthy;fis vLj;jpak;gp ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;ig Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpyhd ru;tNjr cld;gbf;iffs;. GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsq;fs; (Non-renewable resources): xU GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsk; vd;gJ mJ Efug;gLk; Ntfj;jpy; kPs;epug;gg;glhj ,aw;ifg; gjhu;j;jk; xd;whFk;. toq;fypy; mit kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; epiyj;Jepw;fj;jf;fjhf gad;gLj;jg;gl KbahJ. khRgLj;JNthu; nryTg;nghWg;G jj;Jtk; (Polluter Pays Principle): kdpj MNuhf;fpak; my;yJ Rw;whly; kPjhd Nrjhuj;ij jLf;Fk; nghUl;L khRghl;bid cz;lhf;Fgtu;fs; mjid Kfhkpf;Fk; nryTfisj; jhq;f Ntz;Lk;. fl;lisaplYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jYk; kw;Wk; re;ijapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fUtpfs; vDk; ,U NtWgl;l nfhs;if mZFKiwfspD} lhf khRgLj;JNthu; nryTg;nghWg;G jj;Jtk; rhjhuzkhf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 25 Efu;Tf;Fg; gpd;du; kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; nghUl;fs; (Post-consumer recovered materials): cw;gj;jpg;nghUs; xd;whdJ mjd; gad;ghl;bd; Kbit mile;Jnfhz;l gpd;du; kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l my;yJ kPs;xJf;fg;gl;l (diverted) fopTg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Efu;Nthu;fspdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l cg-cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs;. ,g;nghUshdJ fopTg;nghUs; epug;gypypUe;J (Landfill) kPs;xJf;fg;gLtJld; Vida gz;lq;fspd; cw;gj;jpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. Kd;ndr;rupf;if jj;Jtq;fs; (Precautionary principles): Rw;whly; my;yJ kdpj Rfhjhu mdu;j;jk; gw;wpa tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd rhd;W epr;rakw;wjhfTs;s NghJ jPu;khdnkLg;gtu;fs; Kd;ndr;rupf;if eltbf;iffis gpd;gw;Wtjw;F Kd;ndr;rupf;if jj;Jtk; ,aYikg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. tpQ;Qhd mwpthdJ KOikaw;wjhf my;yJ KbTf;F tuKbahky; cs;sNghjpYk; jPtpukhd my;yJ kPstpayhj Rw;whly; jPq;fpd; rhj;jpag;ghl;il jtpu;g;gjw;fhd eltbf;ifia vLg;gjw;F ,j;jj;Jtk; MNyhrid toq;Ffpd;wJ. Vw;fdNt ,lk;ngw;WtUk; my;yJ vjpu;fhyj;jpw;fhf cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l kdpj nraw;ghLfspypUe;jhd rhj;jpakhd jPq;F gw;wpa kpff; ftdkhd vjpu;ghu;f;ifiaAk;> mjd; jtpu;g;igAk; mj;Jld; jzpg;igAk; ,k;Kd;ndr;rupf;if jj;Jtk; Njitg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Efu;Tf;F Kd;du; kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; nghUl;fs; (Pre-consumer recovered materials): cw;gj;jpapy; kPsg;gad;gLj;jg;gLk;> kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l my;yJ kPs;xJf;fg;gl;l fopTg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpr; nra;Kiwapd; NghJ fk;gdpfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l cg cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs;. cw;gj;jpr; nra;Kiwf;Fg; gpd;du; kPs;Row;rp nra;ag;gLk; my;yJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk;> Mdhy; xUnghOJk; Efu;Nthu;fSf;F vl;lKbahj nghUl;fNs mitahFk;. cjhuzkhf> cw;gj;jpr; nra;Kiwapd; NghJ Nrfupf;fg;gLk; fljhrp fopTfs; (paper scraps) my;yJ gpsh];bf; rPty;fs; (plastic shavings). ngWifr; Row;rp (Procurement cycle): cw;gj;jpg;nghUs;> Nrit my;yJ Ntiyfis xU epWtdk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Njitg;ghl;bid ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gbg;gbahd Row;rpahd nra;Kiwapid ngWifr; Row;rp tpgupf;fpd;wJ. 26 cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; (Productivity): cw;gj;jpj;jpwdhdJ nghJthf ntspaPl;L mstpw;Fk; cs;sPLfspd; mstpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd xU tpfpjkhf tiuaWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NtW tifapw;$wpd;> Copak; kw;Wk; %yjdk; Nghd;w cw;gj;jp cs;sPLfshdit jug;gl;l ntspaPl;L kl;lnkhd;iw cw;gj;jpnra;tjw;F nghUshjhunkhd;wpy; vt;tstpw;F tpidj;jpwdhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;LtUfpd;wd vd;gij ,J mstpLfpd;wJ. ts tpidj;jpwd; (Resource Efficiency): Rw;whly; kPjhd jhf;fq;fis ,optsthf;Fk; mNjNtis Gtpapd; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tsq;fis epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba tpjj;jpy; gad;gLj;jy;. Fiwthdijf; nfhz;L mjpfkhdtw;iw Mf;Ftjw;Fk; Fiwthd cs;sPl;ilf; nfhz;L ngUksT ngWkjpia toq;Ftjw;Fk; ,J vk;ik mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba Efu;T kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp (Sustainable Consumption & Production): vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdupd; Njitfis Mgj;Jf;Fs;shf;fhj tifapy; Nrit my;yJ cw;gj;jpg;nghUspd; MAl;fhyr; Row;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,aw;if tsq;fspdJk; er;Rg;nghUl;fspdJk; ghtidiaAk; mNjNghd;W fopTfspdJk; khRf;fspdJk; ckpo;TfisAk; ,optsthf;Fk; mNjNtis mbg;gilj; NjitfSf;F gpujpgypg;igf; fhl;b rpwe;j tho;f;ifj; junkhd;iwf; nfhz;LtUfpd;w NritfspdJk; njhlu;Ggl;l cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fspdJk; ghtidNa epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba Efu;T kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp MFk;. epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffs; (Sustainable Development Goals): epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jpf;fhd cyf 2030 epfo;r;rpepuyhdJ (World 2030 Agenda) mtw;Wf;fpilNa 169 Fwpapyf;FfSld; Nru;e;j gjpNdO mgpyhir rhu;e;j “G+Nfhs ,yf;Ffs; (Global Goals)” ,dJ xU njhFjpahFk;. epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jp (Sustainable Development): vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdu; jkJ nrhe;j Njitfisg; G+u;j;jpnra;tjw;fhd Mw;wypidg; ghjpf;fhky; epfo;fhy re;jjpapdupd; Njitfisg; G+u;j;jpnra;fpd;w mgptpUj;jp r%f> Rw;whly; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; midj;Jk; vkJ Gtpapd; ,aw;if tsq;fspd; tiuaiwf;Fs; 27 milaf;$bait vd;w fUj;jpid epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jp Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ. epiyj;Jepw;ff;$ba mgptpUj;jpahdJ ,ltrjp> fhyk; kw;Wk; tho;f;ifj;juk; vd;gtw;Wf;$lhf ,izf;fg;gl;lthW cyfpYs;s xt;nthd;iwAk; mZFfpd;wJ. gzj;jpw;fhd ngWkjp (Value for money): nrytplg;gl;l gzj;jpypUe;J rhj;jpakhd kpfr; rpwe;j ngWNgWfs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLtij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd ntspg;gilahd flg;ghnlhd;iw tpgupg;gjw;F ,J nghJthfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. xU epahakhd nrytpy; mur tsq;fspd; kjpEl;gkhd> rpf;fdkhd kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwdhd ghtidapid ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ. rpf;fdk;> tpidj;jpwd; kw;Wk; gaDWjpj;jd;ik vDk; %d;W Kf;fpakhd $Wfs; murhq;fg; ngWifapYs;s gzj;jpw;fhd ngWkjpapy; cs;sd. 28 ,izg;G i. cw;gj;jpg;nghUs; tpguf;Fwpg;Gk; epakq;fs; tFj;jYk; m ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;wepWtdk; (AIP) Rw;whly; vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;R (MoE) gRik cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs;> Nrit> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; jfty; Kiwikapid (IS) ,dq;fhZjy; re;ijg; gFg;gha;T mjpfhukspj;jy; gl;baw;gLj;jy; gpuRupj;jy; m q ;f Pf h u k ; tpiykD Mtzq;fs; gpd;D}l;lk; ngWif epWtdq;fs; Nkyjpf gRik tpguf;Fwpg;Gfs; gRik cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs;> Nrit> Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; jfty; Kiwikapid (IS) nfhs;Kjy; nra;jy; gRikg; ngWif epakq;fisAk; tpguf;Fwpg;GfisAk; tpUj;jpnra;jy; epWtdq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd epGzu; FO (IAEC) 29 ii. mwpit cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; M ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdk; (AIP) murhq;fg; gapw;rp epWtdq;fs; Njitg; gFjp m i k r ;R f s ; j pi z f ;f s q ;f s ; e pa j pr ;r l ;l r i g f s ; k h f h z r i g f s ; / k h t l ;l n r a y f q ;f s ; k w ;W k ; c s ;S h u ; m j pf h u r i g f s ; ngWif epWtdq;fs; jPu;g;gdT ,y;yg; nghwpKiw kw;Wk; gRikg; ngWif ,aq;Fjsk; gpuirfs; MNyhridg; gzpafk; (AIP & MoE) mwpTf; Nfe;jpuikak; (MoE) gRik mk;rq;fs; (MoE) murhq;fg; ngWif (AIP) toq;fy; gFjp cw;gj;jpahsu;fs;> toq;Feu;fs;> Nrit toq;Feu;fs;> xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fs; cs;Shu; cw;gj;jpahsu;fs;> toq;Feu;fs;> Nrit toq;Feu;fs;> xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fs; Rw;whly; mikr;R (MoE) 30 iii. mwpT Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; , toq;fy; gFjpNfs;tpg; gFjp kdpjts mgptpUj;jp nghwpKiw mwpTf; Nfe;jpuikak; (MoE) gpuirfs; gzpafk; (AIP & MoE) jPu;g;gdT ,y;yg; nghwpKiw kw;Wk; gRikg; ngWif ,aq;Fjsk; ngWif epWtdq;fs; m i k r ;R f s ; i f j ;n j h o py ; c s ;e h l ;L f ; i f j ;n j h o py ; j pi z f ;f s q ;f s ; k h f h z r i g f s ; / k h t l ;l n r a y f q ;f s ; k w ;W k ; c s ;S h u ; m j pf h u r i g f s ; e pa j pr ;r l ;l r i g f s ; i f j ;n j h o py ; k j pA i u r ; N r i t t o q ;F e u ;f s ; c s ;e h l ;L f ; i f j ;n j h o py ; k j pA i u r ; N r i t t o q ;F e u ;f s ; M u h a ;r ;r p k w ;W k ; n j h o py ;E l ;g t pa y ; e pW t d q ;f s ; c u pa V i d a n j h o py ;e pG z j ;J t m i k g ;G f s ; murhq;fg; gapw;rp epWtdq;fs; Rw;whly; mikr;R (MoE) ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;wepWtdk; juf;fl;lis epWtdq;fs; 31 iv. nraw;wpwd; fz;fhzpg;G> rupghu;j;jy; kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;Lg; nghwpKiw < Kd;Ndw;wj;ij mwpf;ifaply; nraw;wpwd; Fwpfhl;b mgptpUj;jp Nfs;tpg; gFjp ,ilntsp ,dq;fhzy; Fwpfhl;b mgptpUj;jpf;fhd FO toq;fy; gFjp ngWif epWtdq;fs; kdpjts mgptpUj;jp nghwpKiw gRikg; ngWif rupghu;j;jy; FO gRikg; ngWif rupghu;j;jy; FO gRikg; ngWif kjpg;gPl;Lf; FO gRikg; ngWif kjpg;gPl;Lf; FO gRikg; ngWif nfhs;if gpd;D}l;lKk; gupe;JiufSk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ijAk; gRikg; ngWif nfhs;ifapidAk; juKau;j;jy; Fwpfhl;b mgptpUj;jpf;fhd FO gRikg; ngWif tUlhe;j nraw;wpwd; mwpf;iffs; gRikg; ngWif nra;Kiw gpd;D}l;lk; gRikg; ngWif fz;fhzpg;G gRikg; ngWif Rw;whly; nraw;wpwd;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wk; murhq;fg; ngWiff; fz;fhzpg;G (nra;Kiw) ngWif vDk; tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdk; (AIP) Rw;whly; mikr;R (MoE) fhyf;fpuk Ma;Tfs; mgpg;gpuha fzpg;Gfs; Fiwepug;G mwpf;iffs; gpd;D}l;lKk; gupe;JiufSk; ,w;iwg;gLj;jy; kPsha;T 32 v. gRikg; ngWif nfhs;ifapd; xl;Lnkhj;j epWtdg; nghwpKiw c R w ;w h l y ; m i k r ;R (M oE ) e pW t d q ;f S f ;F , i l a py h d e pG z u ; F O (IA EC ) n f h s ;i f t F j ;j y ; n g W i f e pW t d q ;f s ; m w pf ;i f a pl y ; gp ui rf s ; M N y hr i d g; gz pa f k ;( AI P& M OE ) j Pu;g ;g d T , y ;y g ; n g hw pK i w k w ;W k ; g R i k g ; n g W i f , a q ;F j s k ; c w ;g j ;j pg ;n g h U i s , d q ;f h z Y k ; g R i k t pg u f ;F w pg ;G f i s t pU j ;j pn r a ;j Y k ; m K y hf ;f k ;> t o pf hl ;l Y k ; x U q ;f pi z j ;j Y k ;> R w ;w hl y ; n r a w ;w pw i d f ; f z ;f hz pj ;j Y k ; m w pf ;i f a pl Y k ; v d ;g t w ;W f ;F t r j pa s pj ;j y ; g R i k g ; n g W i f n r a y f k ; m w pf ;i f a pl y ; g R i k e pa k q ;f i s A k ; t pg u f ;F w pg ;i g A k ; t o f ;f g ;g L j ;j y ; t po pg ;G z u;T c U t hf ;f k ; k w ;W k ; M w ;w i y f ; f l ;b n a O g ;g y ; m w pT K f hi k j ;J t k ; k w ;W k ; M w ;w i y f ; f l ;b n a O g ;g y ; g R i k g ; n g W i f n f hs ;i f a pi d f z ;f hz pj ;j y ;> k Ps ha ;T n r a ;j y ; k w ;W k ; k j pg ;g pl y ; m w pf ;i f a pl Y k ; g pu R up j ;j Y k ; j f t y ; g f pu ;T k d pj t s m g pt pU j ;j p m w pT f ; N f e ;j pu i k a k ; (M oE ) n g W i f v D k ; t pl a j ;j pw ;F g ; n g h W g ;g h d m j pf h u k ; n g w ;w e pW t d k (A IP ) National Policy on Green Procurement Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Ministry of Environment 2023 ii iii Contents 1.0 Policy Name 1 2.0 Effective Date 1 3.0 Introduction 1 I. Background 1 II. Rationale 4 4.0 Guiding Principles 4 5.0 Applicability & Scope 5 6.0 Policy Goals 6 7.0 Policy Objectives 6 8.0 Policy Statements 7 8.1 Defining and Listing of Goods, Works and Services. 7 8.2 Awareness Creation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Building 8 8.3 Legal Mechanism and Dispute Resolution 8 8.4 Monitoring, Verification, Evaluation and Reporting 8 8.5 Institutional Mechanism for Policy Implementation and Monitoring 9 8.6 Facilitation to Local Producers 10 8.7 Financial Mechanisms 10 8.8 International Cooperation 10 9.0 Policy Implementation 11 9.1 Defining and Listing of Goods, Works and Services. 11 9.2 Awareness Creation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Building 13 9.3 Legal Mechanism and Dispute Resolution 14 9.4 Monitoring, Verification, Evaluation and Reporting 15 9.5 Institutional Mechanism for Policy Implementation and Monitoring 16 9.6 Facilitation to Local Producers 18 9.7 Financial Mechanisms 19 9.8 International Cooperation 20 Glossary 21 Annexes 28 iv 1 1.0 Policy Name National Policy on Green Procurement 2.0 Effective Date 24.07.2023 3.0 Introduction I. Background The worldwide crises in energy, water and finance have created multifaceted socio-economic and environmental problems today that every nation now faces. The bio-capacity of the earth is shrinking owing to the increased per capita human demand on the ecological systems (ecological footprint) as well as the growth of population in the world. Natural resources are limited and rapidly diminishing on account of over-exploitation, especially of non-renewable resources. Unsustainable consumption patterns and production practices are the most potent factors causing a depletion of natural resources. On the one hand, globalization has linked the economies of the countries in the world together, while on the other hand, environmental impacts such as climate change have no borders and are spreading worldwide. As a response to this situation, internationally, the markets for more sustainable products are growing. The direction of this trend is not limited to new markets and production or to monetary benefits. It advances knowledge on 2 sustainability, builds credible partnerships, and leads to breakthrough innovations and improved brand reputation. Governments play a key role in directing the utilization of resources efficiently as well as managing resources in sustainable manner. In terms of resource utilization, the government of Sri Lanka applies the Government Procurement Guidelines which was published in 2006 by the National Procurement Agency (NPA) for public procurement. The government procurement process should ensure maximizing cost effectiveness, timeline, and quality in procurement, resulting in least cost together with high quality. However, the environmental performances in regard to the goods, works and services that are procured by the government have not been addressed in the aforementioned procurement guidelines. Hence, by integrating the application of environmental performance considerations in the Government Procurement Process, the government will be in a position to influence the demand for environmentally preferable goods, works and services, and the ability of industry to respond to the need for further promoting the application of environmental standards in the market. Gradually, the private sector also could be encouraged to be associated with this system that some of manufacturing and services sector already follow. Green Procurement is the selection of goods, works and services that minimize environmental impacts and it is set within the context of achieving value for money. It requires the integration of environmental performance considerations into the procurement process including 3 planning, acquisition, use and disposal. In this context, value for money includes the consideration of many factors such as performance, availability, quality and environmental performance, in addition to purchasing cost. Green procurement also requires an understanding of the environmental aspects and potential impacts and costs, associated with the life cycle assessment of goods, works and services being acquired. Green Procurement is a powerful instrument that public authorities could use to meet environmental goals such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy efficiency, water efficiency and supporting recycling. Where the decisions are made to move forward realizing specific environmental outcomes through procurement, it is expected that these decisions shall: demonstrate environmental concerns and influence industry and citizens to use environmentally preferable goods, services and processes; stimulate innovation and market development and demand for environmentally preferred goods, works and services; and support emerging environmental friendly technologies and the skilled human resource base in the country. This National Policy on Green Procurement has been formulated within a framework of mainstreaming green concepts into the procurement cycle and developing enabling environment for its sustainable implementation and thereby facilitating sustainable development in the country through a series of Guiding Principles, Policy Statements and Strategies. 4 II. Rationale By incorporating environmental and social considerations into public procurement, the Government can contribute to reducing the impact on the local and global environment, reducing liabilities, and potentially improving the environmental and social quality of the country. The policy directly targets Sustainable Development Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns, specifically Target 12.7: ‘Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities’. 4.0 Guiding Principles a. Economic, Social and Environmental development challenges shall be addressed within the framework of sustainable development. b. The procurement process shall focus on minimizing and/or avoiding: unnecessary purchasing/consumption; waste generation; toxicity; habitat destruction; soil degradation; greenhouse gas emissions, and maximizing: resource efficiency, energy efficiency; water efficiency; value for money; competitive advantage and; the purchase of eco-labeled/environmentally preferred products/services; education for sustainability opportunities and safety. c. Life Cycle, Sustainable Consumption and Production and Circular Economic principles shall be applied to improve productivity and eco efficiency of the resources use and environmental quality. 5 d. The Polluter Pays Principle, the Precautionary Principle and the Extended Producer Responsibility (product stewardship) approach shall be applied to reduce resource consumption to the maximum extent possible throughout the life cycle of the product and service and to maximize environmental and social responsibility. e. Government agencies shall be obligated to follow rules and procedures for green procurement and related budgeting to ensure transparency and efficient use of public funds at all levels. f. Environmental accountability shall be recognized and assured as an essential means of effective implementation of Public Procurement. g. Good Governance shall be ensured through the environmental performance consideration in National Policy on Green Procurement at all levels. 5.0 Applicability & Scope This National Policy on Green Procurement shall be a spending and investment process typically associated with public policy. Green standards shall be incorporated into the existing government procurement system with specifications and evaluation criteria. It could be equally applicable to the private sector and the private sector is encouraged to mainstream environmental performance considerations into their business management cycles. 6 6.0 Policy Goals Promoting environmental friendly procurement in order to maximize resource efficiency, minimize negative impacts on the environment and human wellbeing, and support sustainable development through changing consumer behaviour. Environment and ethical considerations in public procurement shall contribute towards an efficient public sector and a competitive business sector. 7.0 Policy Objectives a. To incorporate the Green Procurement Concept into the existing public procurement process; b. To provide a clear direction and mandate for implementation of green procurement procedures to meet the government commitment for the Sustainable Development; c. To encourage local eco-friendly Goods, Works and Services and create a vibrant and sustainable market both at local and international levels; d. To assist and motivate local industrial and service sectors to improve their environmental performances and technologies. e. To consider the life cycle environmental cost in the procurement processes; f. To promote networking of environmentally responsible local suppliers; 7 g. To adopt the Green Economy Concept in the society as a lifestyle and h. To encourage green investments. 8.0 Policy Statements Eight categories of policy statements have been included based on principles to achieve the policy objectives. These policy statements provide the necessary guidance for the implementation. Comprehensive strategies have been included in paragraph 9.0 under each category to facilitate implementation. 8.1 Defining and Listing of Goods, Works and Services. a. Environmental Performance Considerations in government procurement process shall be reflected in the entire life cycle of products and services to influence the demand for environmentally preferable goods, works, services and Information Technology Systems at all levels. b. Goods, works, services and Information Technology Systems shall fit for the purpose and value for money and functionality with environmental performance. c. The public sector will promote and purchase recyclable and recycled contented products which include the highest percentage of locally generated post-consumer recovered materials and pre-consumer recovered material available in the market. 8 8.2 Awareness Creation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Building a. Awareness creation methods should be developed and implemented with a mechanism focusing on all the target groups covering public and private sector producers, suppliers, contractors, intermediaries and consumers as well as the general public at large with access to feedback on the overall green procurement system performances. b. Knowledge management and capacity building models/methods shall be developed to ensure effective implementation of the National Policy on Green Procurement and to ensure continuous improvement of the system efficiencies integrating environmental performance at all level. 8.3 Legal Mechanism and Dispute Resolution a. The Laws of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka shall be applicable to the green procurement actions. b. Complaints and dispute resolution activities shall be handled in-line with the existing procurement guidelines, with its future updates, and with the laws of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. 8.4 Monitoring, Verification, Evaluation and Reporting a. Performance of this policy shall be monitored, verified, evaluated and reported focusing on legal, 9 procedural and good governance aspects as well as on overall social, environmental and economic aspects. b. A comprehensive Green Procurement Performance Report shall be published annually by the Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement in collaboration with the Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment. c. Supplementary reports shall be produced by the Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment on real benefits to the environment rather than targets being artificially met through the National Policy on Green Procurement implementation. 8.5 Institutional Mechanism for Policy Implementation and Monitoring a. Overall regulatory and organizational integration; and oversight function shall be vested with the Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement. b. Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment shall collaborate with the Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement to mainstream green standards and specification into the procurement cycle. c. Monitoring, verification and evaluation of the National Policy on Green Procurement shall be the joint responsibility of the Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment and the Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement. 10 d. A comprehensive and transparent mechanism shall be established to facilitate easy access to information on the policy and its implementation and to provide feedback for all the citizens of the country. 8.6 Facilitation to Local Producers a. Local producers including Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), and suppliers and venders in the supply chain shall be encouraged to mainstream green concepts into their Life Cycle of products, works, and services. b. Robust Accredited Certification systems and standards shall be introduced enabling easy access to local producers. 8.7 Financial Mechanisms a. A variety of financial schemes and marketing strategies shall be introduced to promote inclusive economic growth through green procurement facilitating all local manufacturers in particular SMEs to be competitive with the green market system. 8.8 International Cooperation a. Compliance with the international environmental obligations signed by the government shall be ensured at all levels. b. International cooperation shall be strengthened to innovate and produce more greener products, 11 works, services and Information Technology Systems at local level and improve market access to the local community. c. Government commitment shall be renewed and demonstrated for sustainable development through implementation of the National Policy on Green Procurement. 9.0 Policy Implementation Policy Implementation Strategies: Based on the eight categories of policy statements following strategies provide further guidance and directions to develop a comprehensive plan of actions in a broad aspect. Policy actions shall be developed following the strategies. 9.1 Defining and Listing of Goods, Works and Services. a. Green considerations into public procurement shall be incorporated stemming from a more user-friendly standards and specifications and gradually taking into account more aspects or based on higher levels of environmental performance. b. In the evaluation criteria matters related to unequal footing of bidders need to be clearly addressed. c. Goods, works services and Information Technology Systems shall be listed as green officially at three levels: making the producers and consumers initially aware of the desire of listing (level3); market analysis of the opportunities and 12 challenges and development of specific criteria (Level 2); and the official listing (level1). d. Green procurement provisions shall be incorporated into guidelines, manuals and standard bidding documents and published enabling producers and consumers to make prudent choices and decisions. e. Green procurement Standards and specifications shall be periodically updated based on the lessons learned, best practices, and in accordance with the development strategies and, improvements of scientific knowledge and technological advances. f. Transparency and consistency shall be assured in the evaluation and selection procedures. g. National standards and Eco-labels, shall be adopted with the participation of all stakeholders such as government bodies, consumers, manufacturers, distributors and environmental organizations, and these shall be accessible to all interested parties. h. User-friendly methods of life cycle environmental cost calculations of goods, works and services shall be made available for producers and consumers to make prudent choices in production and consumption. i. A robust selection criterion shall be developed to identify locally generated post-consumer 13 recovered material and pre-consumer recovered material with a demonstrated track record. j. A quality assurance system shall be adopted and published for the use of producers when using locally generated post-consumer recovered material and pre-consumer recovered material in the production processes. k. A Declaration of the recycled contents shall be made mandatory in the production process and the finished product. 9.2 Awareness Creation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Building a. An Eco-product Directory shall be developed and published as a tool for showcasing a range of green goods, works and services and made available for general public. b. An island-wide information dissemination mechanism shall be established to facilitate easy access to information and information sharing on the National Policy on Green Procurement and related documents for all the citizens across the country with facilities to obtain feedback. c. Knowledge and skills of the local community shall be systematically upgraded through regional and international training and technology transfer programs on green technology, green concepts, eco labeling and green human resource development. 14 d. A Knowledge Hub shall be established in the Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment in collaboration with the Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement with a dedicated system of networking with other relevant professional bodies for need identification, technical support facilitation, dissemination of expert knowledge and information sharing. e. Capacity building and performance evaluation systems for testing, certification, and accreditation shall be established by the Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment and with the Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement. f. International cooperation shall be sought whenever necessary for capacity building in setting green criteria, testing, certification, accreditation, and other relevant technological aspects under the guidance of an appropriate authority. g. The National Green Reporting System shall be used to promote industries to improve their system efficiencies as well as their reporting capabilities. 9.3 Legal Mechanism and Dispute Resolution a. The existing Legal Framework shall be reviewed to identify gaps which would affect in introducing green aspects into: the public procurement process, contract management; and its ability to minimize the harmful effects on the environment resulting from the entire life cycle; production, 15 transportation, supply and distribution, consumption and final disposal. b. Necessary reforms/amendments to the existing legal framework shall be made wherever applicable enabling the public procurement system to effectively comply with environmentally preferable procurements covering the concerns of producers as well as consumers. c. System efficiencies of the entire public procurement cycle shall be strengthened/ improved by implementing the principles of public procurement through enforceable legal instruments wherever applicable to reap benefits of using environmentally preferable products, works and services. d. Disputes related to green public procurement shall be resolved in line with the existing appeal procedure and the black listing process. 9.4 Monitoring, Verification, Evaluation and Reporting a. Comprehensive, achievable and measurable performance indicators shall be developed in order to monitor, verify and evaluate performance of the green procurement with quantitative indicators to assess the progress of implementation of the policy, and its impact on the supply side and demand side with impact oriented indicators based on baseline data, allowing assessment of output, outcome and impact of the environmental, social and financial gains made. 16 b. Performance indicators shall be periodically reviewed and updated to demonstrate the overall performance of the policy including transitions to equitable and sustainable societies. c. All public sector institutions shall report the progress of green procurement annually with the investment incurred enabling monitoring, verification and evaluation of the performance of this policy. d. Periodical surveys and robust opinion polls shall be carried out to obtain feedback from the end users and other interested parties on the products and services for entire green procurement system improvements. e. A Human Resource Development (HRD) mechanism shall be developed to ensure effective and efficient implementation of the policy at all levels in the public procurement process. 9.5 Institutional Mechanism for Policy Implementation and Monitoring a. The Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement shall prepare and make amendments to the guidelines, manuals and standard bidding documents; and shall further make related clarifications with the assistance of the Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment and backed by the experts in relevant fields. b. The Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement shall appoint expert committees 17 in the relevant fields to develop guidelines on the implementation of the policy with the assistance of the Ministry in charge of subject of Environment. c. The Procurement Entities with the guidance of Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement shall ensure transparency, fairness, competition, accountability and verifiability and traceability as essential elements in the procurement process. To ensure the transparency and efficiency, e procurement shall be incorporated. d. An Interagency Expert Committee on Green Public Procurement (IAEC – GPP) shall be established by the Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment in collaboration with the Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement to develop green specifications. e. Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment in collaboration with the relevant government institutions and the Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement shall create a Citizen Advisory Bureau and closely collaborate with the Knowledge Hub to support transformation from the conventional procurement to green procurement. f. A fully fledged mechanism/unit/secretariat shall be established in the Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment to support monitoring, verification and evaluation of the National Policy 18 on Green Procurement. The Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement shall be the regulatory authority of Green Procurement. g. The Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment shall periodically monitor, verify, evaluate and report the progress of the policy to ensure real benefits to the environment, economy and society rather than targets being artificially met. h. A sustainable network among relevant stakeholders and professional bodies shall be established for transmission of information periodically on economic, social, environmental and administrative issues. i. A green procurement platform shall be created with access to information to all the stakeholders island wide to empower the local community to reap the benefits related to green products, works and services. j. Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment shall review the policy periodically and incorporate appropriate amendments taking into consideration the relevant feedback and performance. 9.6 Facilitation to Local Producers a. Appropriate knowledge and skills required, and financial and non-financial incentives shall be provided to support transition. 19 b. A visible Sri Lankan market for green goods, works, services and Information Technology Systems shall be fostered by supporting business and industry groups that demonstrate eco- innovation and sustainability. c. Best practices on sustainable production and consumption shall be promoted along the supply chain through improved market access. d. Priorities shall be given to local producers and SMEs to improve access to local and international markets for green goods, works and services. e. Suppliers and venders who are environmentally responsible and adopt fair-trade practices shall be recognized and rewarded. f. Networking with internationally accepted accreditation/certification systems shall be promoted and the local capacity shall be built to establish/introduce local accreditation/ certification systems for green goods, works, services and information systems. g. The Performance of the local accreditation systems shall be strengthened/promoted and facilitated to ensure wider coverage of products, works services and, information systems at local level with international recognition. 9.7 Financial Mechanisms a. An environmental conservation levy shall be imposed on products, works and services based on the polluter pays principle. 20 b. Innovative financial incentive mechanisms shall be introduced to use the funds from the levy to provide access for funding for focused capacity building and for suppliers comply with environmental criteria and standards. c. Encourage banking sector to provide financial facilities to entrepreneurs enabling them to transfer to the new system. d. International corporation shall be secured wherever possible for standards setting, accreditation, quality control system improvement, monitoring, and other system improvements for technology transfer and usage in the industry sector wherever applicable for successful implementation of the policy. 9.8 International Cooperation a. A user-friendly mechanism shall be established to widely disseminate information on the environmental obligations signed by Sri Lanka with its periodical updates to effective and productive implementation of the National Policy on Green Procurement. b. Networks shall be established/strengthened with the regional and international intergovernmental institutions, internationally accepted professional bodies, research institutions, and other educational institutions to improve innovative skills and knowledge for continuous improvements of production of green goods, works and provision of services. 21 c. A methodology for demonstration of evidence based best practices shall be developed to strengthen the existing partnerships and make new and additional partnerships for market access. d. The progress of the implementation of the National Policy on Green Procurement shall be reviewed periodically to identify, recognize and compile best practices and lessons learned in achieving the sustainable development goals at local and international levels. e. The effectiveness of the progress of compliance with Multilateral Environment Agreements shall be monitored and reviewed periodically and the best practices and lessons learned shall be widely published. f. Best practices and lessons learned shall be shared with the United Nations (UN) and other international fora and assist to building capacities of other countries when necessary. Glossary The purpose of this glossary is to assist the users of this policy document to have a fair understanding of some terminologies in the context of which this policy is developed. It is important to note that the interpretation of such terminologies in different contexts and situations could be different. Bio capacity: Bio capacity refers to the capacity of ecosystems to produce useful biological materials 22 and to absorb waste materials generated by humans, using current management schemes and extraction technologies. Bio capacity can change from year to year due to climate, management and also what portions are considered as useful inputs to the human economy. Circular Economy: It aims to maintain the value of assets (products, material and resources) for as long as possible by returning them into the asset life cycle at the end of their use, while minimizing the generation of waste by sharing, reusing, repairing, renovating, refurbishing, remanufacturing, recycling and recovering. It is based on three principles, driven by design: Eliminate waste and pollution, Circulate products and materials (at their highest value) and, Regenerate nature. Eco efficiency: Eco-efficiency is reached by the delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the product or service's life cycle. It generates more value through technology and process changes. Eco labeling: Eco labeling is a method of environmental performance certification and labeling that is practiced around the world. An "eco label" is a label, which identifies overall, proven environmental preference of a product or service throughout the whole life cycle within a specific product/service category. Ecological Footprint: Ecological footprint measures the ecological assets that a given population requires to produce the natural resources it consumes and to absorb its waste, especially carbon emissions. Therefore, 23 it measures the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources or in brief how much nature we have and how much nature we use. Environmental Accountability: The principle that all are accountable for any actions on their part that affect the environment, and acknowledges the accountability to the society. It is the responsibility for the deterioration of the natural environment, implying the allocation of environmental costs to the economic activities that cause such deterioration. Extended Producer Responsibility: It is a policy approach under which producers are given a significant responsibility financial and/or physical for the treatment or disposal of post-consumer products. Fair Trade Practices : It is an arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve sustainable and equitable trade relationships. It helps producers in developing countries to get a fair price for their products so as to reduce poverty, provide for the ethical treatment of workers and farmers, and promote environmentally sustainable practices. Human Resource Development: A series of organized activities, conducted within a specialized time and designed to produce positive behavioral changes. It is a framework for helping employees to develop their skills, knowledge, and abilities. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool to evaluate the environmental and social 24 performance of products or services along their life cycle. Under the Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (ELCA), extraction and consumption of resources (including energy), as well as releases to air, water and soil, are quantified through all stages of the life cycle. Their potential contribution to important environmental impact categories is then assessed. These include climate change, toxicity, eco system damage and resource base deterioration. Life Cycle Environment Cost: All costs associated within the life cycle of a product that are directly covered by one, or more, of the actors involved in the products life cycle, including externalities that are anticipated to be internalized in the decision-relevant future. It includes both the direct and indirect costs of the environmental impacts caused by the product in its entire life cycle. Manufacturers and importers of products should bear a significant degree of responsibility for the environmental impacts of their products throughout the product life-cycle, including upstream impacts inherent in the selection of materials for the products, impacts from manufacturers’ production process itself, and downstream impacts from the use and disposal of the products. Multi-Lateral Environment Agreements: The international agreements that are intended to promote international cooperation to address global environmental challenges that the world is facing like climate change, biodiversity loss and, pollution and waste. Non-renewable resources: A nonrenewable resource is a natural substance that is not replenished with the speed 25 at which it is consumed. They are limited in supply and cannot be used unsustainably. Polluter Pays Principle: Those who produce pollution should bear the costs of managing it to prevent damage to human health or the environment. The ‘polluter pays’ principle is normally implemented through two different policy approaches: command-and-control and market based instruments. Post-consumer recovered materials: Recovered or diverted waste materials and by-products created by consumers after a product has reached the end of its use. This material is diverted from the Landfill and utilized in the production of other commodities. Precautionary principles: The precautionary principle enables decision-makers to adopt precautionary measures when scientific evidence about an environmental or human health hazard is uncertain. These principle advices to take action to avoid the possibility of serious or irreversible environmental harm even when scientific knowledge is incomplete or inconclusive. The Precautionary Principle requires more than careful anticipation, avoidance and mitigation of potential harm from human activities that are already underway or proposed for the future. Pre-consumer recovered materials: Recovered or diverted waste materials and by-products generated by companies during the manufacturing process that is reused in production. They are materials that are recycled or utilized after the manufacturing process, but never make it to consumers. For instance, paper scraps or plastic shavings collected during the manufacturing process. 26 Procurement cycle: The procurement cycle describes the step-by-step cyclic process used for identifying the requirement for an organization to retrieve the product, service or works. Productivity: Productivity is commonly defined as a ratio between the output volume and the volume of inputs. In other words, it measures how efficiently production inputs, such as labor and capital, are being used in an economy to produce a given level of output. Resource Efficiency: using the Earth's limited resources in a sustainable manner while minimizing impacts on the environment. It allows us to create more with less and to deliver greater value with less input. Sustainable Consumption & Production: Sustainable consumption and production is the “use of services and related products, which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as not to jeopardies the needs of future generations.” Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): World 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a set of 17 aspirational "Global Goals" with 169 targets between them. Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development promotes the idea that 27 social, environmental, and economic progresses are all attainable within the limits of our earth’s natural resources. Sustainable development approaches everything in the world as being connected through space, time and quality of life. Value for money (VfM): It generally used to describe an explicit commitment to ensuring the best results possible are obtained from the money spent. It refers to judicious, economic and efficient use of state resources at a reasonable cost. There are three critical elements in VfM in public procurement namely Economy, Efficiency and Effectiveness. 28 Annexes i. Product specification and standards setting Authority in charge of the subject of Procurement (AIP) Ministry in charge of the subject of Environment (MoE) Identification of Green Products, Service, Works and Information Technology Systems Market analysis Authorization Listing Publish Approval Bidding documents Feedback Procurement Entities Additional Green specifications Procuring of Green Products, Service, Works and IS Develop Green Procurement standards and specifications IAEC A 29 ii. Knowledge Creation & Capacity Building AIP MoE Government training institutions Demand side M inistries D epartm ents Statutory bodies Provincial Councils/ D istrict Secretariat and local authorities Procurement Entities Clearing house mechanism and Green Procurement Platform Citizen Advisory Bureau (AIP & MoE) Knowledge Hub (MoE) Green Aspects (MoE) Public procurement (AIP) Supply side Producers, Suppliers, Service providers, contractors Local Level Producers, Suppliers, Service providers, contractors B 30 iii. Knowledge Management & Capacity Building C Supply sideDemand side HRD mechanism Knowledge hub (MoE) Citizen Bureau (AIP &MoE) Clearing house mechanism and Green Procurement Platform Procurement Entities M inistries Industry Local Industry D epartm ents Provincial Councils/ D istrict Secretariat and local authorities Statutory bodies Industry consultancy service providers Local Industry consultancy service provide Research and technology Institutions O ther relevant professional bodies Government training institution MoE AIP Standard Institutions 31 iv. Performance Monitoring, Verification and Evaluation Mechanism D Progress Reporting Demand side Update Review Gap identification Committee for indicator development Supply side Procurement Entities HRD mechanism Green Procurement verification committee Green Procurement evaluation committee Green Procurement Policy Feedback and recommendations Upgrade programme and Green Procurement Policy Committee for indicator development Green Procurement Annual Performance reports Green Procurement process Feedback Green Procurement monitoring Progress of Green Procurement environment performances Public Procurement monitoring (Process) AIP MoE Periodical surveys Opinion polls Supplementary reports Feedback and recommendations Green Procurement verification committee Green Procurement evaluation committee Performance indicator Development 32 v. Overall Institutional mechanism of the Green Procurement Policy E A IP M oE IA EC Po lic y fo rm ul at io n Pr oc ur em en t e nt iti es Re po rt in g Cl ea rin g ho us e m ec ha ni sm an d Gr ee n Pr oc ur em en t p lat fo rm Pr od uc t i de nt ifi ca tio n an d de ve lo pm en t o f G re en S pe ci fic at io ns Fa cil ita tio n of im pl em en ta tio n, g ui da nc e an d co or di na tio n, en vir on m en t p er fo rm an ce m on ito rin g an d re po rti ng G re en P ro cu re m en t Se cr et ar ia t Re po rt in g M ai ns tr ea m G re en st an da rd s a nd sp ec ifi ca tio n Aw ar en es s c re at io n an d Ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g M on ito rin g, re vi ew in g an d ev al ua tio n of G re en Pr oc ur em en t P ol ic y Re po rt in g an d pu bl ish in g In fo rm at io n di ss em in at io n Kn ow le dg e hu b (M oE ) Ci tiz en A dv iso ry Bu re au (A IP ) H RD