Strategic Action Plan (SAP) Stung Chinit River Basin 2020-2025

Committee (SC- Province October 2020 STUNG CHINIT RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE KAMPONG THOM PROVINCE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA Strategic Action Plan (SAP) Stung Chinit River Basin 2020-2025 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... 3 II. FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... 3 III. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................ 3 IV. OVERVIEW OF THE STUNG CHINIT RIVER BASIN ................................................................ 4 V. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 6 WATER SECURITY ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................... 6 IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY WATER SECURITY RISKS ...................................................... 6 PRIORITY WATER SECURITY RISKS .......................................................................... 7 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES ....................................................................................... 8 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................... 9 PRIORITY ACTIONS ............................................................................................................ 11 VI. MONITORING AND EVALUATION...................................................................................... 13 VII. POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES ........................................................................................ 15 GOVERNMENTAL SOURCES .............................................................................................. 15 DONOR FUNDING LANDSCAPE ......................................................................................... 16 VIII. ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................... 18 IX. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 20 Appendix A – SAP DETAILED ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................... 21 Appendix B – WATER SECURITY SUB-ACTION PROFILES BY OBJECTIVE ....................................... 28 WATER FOR HEALTH AND SANITATION ........................................................................... 28 WATER FOR AGRICULTURE ............................................................................................... 35 WATER FOR ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................. 45 WATER FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCE .................................................................................... 53 INSTITUTIONAL ................................................................................................................. 58 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Strategic Action Plan (SAP) was written by the USAID Sustainable Water Partnership (SWP) under the guidance of a Task Force of the Stung Chinit River Basin Management Committee (SC RBMC). Appointed by the SC-RBMC to work with SWP in the development of the SAP, the Task Force was chaired by H. E. Prim Rotha, Vice Chairman of the SC-RBMC on behalf of H. E. Sok Lou, Governor of Kampong Thom Province and Chairman of the SC-RBMC. The Task Force members included: Mr. Yov Sengkun (Chief Cabinet, Director of Kampong Thom Provincial Hall) Mr. Uong Saroeun (Governor of Baray District), Mr. Toch Sokha (Governor of Santouk District), Mr. Long Kisoeung (Governor of Sandan District), Mr. Sea Longthura (Governor of Taing Kork District), Mr. Ong Bunthoeurn (Deputy Director of PDoE), Mr. Nget Sary (Deputy Director of PDOWRAM), Mr. Peou Vanna (Deputy Director of PDISTI), Mrs. Heav Chanry (Deputy Director of PDWA), Mr. Im Bunthan (Director of PDAFF), Mr. Ly Galy (Chief of Office of Economy-Social of Kampong Thom Provincial Hall), Mr. Sreng Naut (Director of PRD), Mrs. Rom Roeurn (FWUC Representative), Mr. Vong Thin (Agricultural Pollution Representative), Mr. Cheng Sokthea (Upstream Community Representative). The SC-RBMC gratefully acknowledges the hard work and contributions of the Task Force members in developing this SAP and the continued support and commitment of SC-RBMC members representing provincial technical line departments, district and commune councils, as well as communities. The SC-RBMC appreciates and recognizes the generous USAID funds and the technical support of the SWP team that went into developing the SAP. II. FOREWORD The Strategic Action Plan (SAP) for the Stung Chinit River Basin is the result of a process of identification, analysis and prioritization of actions to reduce water security risks and promote conservation for the sustainable development in the basin. The main goal of the SAP is to implement actions that promote the sustainable development in the Stung Chinit River Basin with particular emphasis on water security and protection of biodiversity through the implementation of interventions and established mechanisms for institutional coordination, data management, knowledge sharing and inclusive participation of all actors in the basin. The SAP is a tool for planning and implementing interventions to achieve the objectives for water supply and sanitation, water management for agriculture, water for the environment, and climate resilience. The SAP was developed by the Task Force of the Stung Chinit River Basin Committee (hereafter referred to as “the Committee”) with support from the USAID Sustainable Water Partnership (SWP) project. This SAP is linked to a Strategic Framework developed in 2019 which provides a basin-wide framework that identifies priority issues based on an assessment of water security risks in the Stung Chinit River Basin. III. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK In Cambodia, the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM) is the leading institution overseeing management of water resources. In 2007, the Law on Water Resources Management (“Water Law”) was enacted, providing the foundation for national water S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 governance. The Water Law also encourages the application of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) to encourage a more holistic approach to sustainable management and development of water and related resources in the country. Article 4 of the Water Law states: “Water and water resources shall be managed and developed based on an IWRM approach. The IWRM shall take into account (1) all aspects of water resources, (2) linkages between water resources and other components of the natural environment, and (3) requirements for an effective and sustainable water use for human beings, environment and other sectors. The implementation of the IWRM shall be carried out jointly and within a cooperation framework of all relevant agencies”. Subsequent water-related articles and sub-decrees address rapid national development and regulating water use rights (Article 20), groundwater protection and licensing mechanisms (Article 20 and 21), and flood mitigation plans (Article 24). Since its adoption, MOWRAM has also issues two sub-decrees to support the Water Law: (1) farmer user community establishment (2008) and (2) river basin management (2015).1 The 2015 Sub-Decree No. 98 on River Basin Management (RBM) established legislation to regulate the management, conservation and development of river basins, in an effective and sustainable manner as stated in the Water Law. It states that: “The goal of this Sub-Decree is to set out the procedures of preparation and implement planning for management, conservation, and development of river basins and sub river basins, watersheds, groundwater and aquifers... This Sub-Decree shall cover all river basins in the Kingdom of Cambodia and international cooperation with neighbor countries in using water resource in every sector”. This new regulation also required the establishment of a National River Basin Committee, Sub-National River Basin Committees and corresponding river basin plans. In accordance with the Water Law, the RBM Sub-Decree, and other water related legislation, and in the spirit of promoting the principles of IWRM, SWP facilitated the establishment a river basin management committee for the Stung Chinit River Basin on April 10, 2019, under the Decision on the Establishment of Stung Chinit River Basin Management Committee signed by the Governor of Kampong Thom Province. Working within the established roles and responsibilities of the National and Provincial RBMC, SWP Cambodia is supporting the operationalization of the Stung Chinit River Basin Management Committee and its development of a Strategic Action Plan (SAP). IV. OVERVIEW OF THE STUNG CHINIT RIVER BASIN The Stung Chinit (“stung” means river in Khmer) originates from the Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary, one of the largest remaining lowland evergreen forests in Southeast Asia and flows for 240 km before discharging into the Tonle Sap Lake (Figure 1), the world’s largest freshwater 1 According to the RGC legal system, for a proposed regulation to become a sub-decree it must be adopted by the Prime Minister and countersigned by the interested Minister. When the proposed regulation does not receive the endorsement of the Prime Minister and is only adopted by a Minister, it is called a “prakas”. Prakas for water licensing and national drinking water quality standards were issued in July 2015 (ADB, 2017). In total, the Water Law has two sub-decrees, mentioned in the text, and two prakas, mentioned above. The documents are only available in Khmer. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/38558/38558-013-prtr-en.pdf S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 fishery. The Stung Taing Krasang is a tributary of the Stung Chinit before it flows into the Tonle Sap River. The Stung Chinit River Basin covers an area of 8,236 km2 across six provinces, with the majority falling within Kampong Thom Province, followed by Preah Vihear, Stung Treng, Kratie, Kampong Cham, and Kampong Chhnang. The highest point in the basin is at 277 meters above sea level and its lowest point is where it merges with the Tonle Sap at around five to six meters above sea level (USAID-SWP, 2020). The Stung Chinit has a maximum flow 601 m3/s with a standard deviation of 80. In general, river flow starts to increase from mid-May and then decreases at the end of October when peaks flows reach up to 175 m3/s (TSA & ADB, 2019). The average annual rainfall in the Stung Chinit River Basin is between 1,590 mm – 1,650 mm. Figure 1: Map of the Stung Chinit River Basin https://www.swpwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/SWP-Report-Water-Balance-in-the-Chinit-Watershed September-24-2020.pdf https://www.futurewater.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TA7610 EcoHdroReport.pdf S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 6 The land cover is 56 percent cropland and plantations, 31 percent forest, and the remainder is urban development and surface water (USAID-SWP, 2020). Approximately 80-90 percent of cropland in the Stung Chinit River Basin is rice, with residents cultivating both upland rice and patty rice (occurs closer to the rivers and major canals). With a population of 562,840 (TSA & ADB, 2019) and growing by 2.2 percent annually, water security is of key importance for the people living in the Stung Chinit River Basin. The main source of income for people in the basin is from agriculture, which includes rice farming, short (e.g. cassava) and long-term cash crops (e.g. rubber and cashew nuts), and fishing and livestock (ADB, 2014). V. METHODOLOGY The SAP was facilitated by SWP through the Committee’s Task Force and in consultation with members of the Secretariat, which handles the daily and strategic operations of the Committee. Figure 2 shows the SAP development process that resulted in priority actions to be implemented within five years. The Task Force held three workshops during the development of the SAP. The first workshop was held in June 2020 to discuss the objectives and draft priority actions; the second workshop was held in August 2020 to discuss the final outline, objectives and priority actions. The first complete draft of the SAP will be presented to the Task Force during the third workshop in October 2020 for final review and then presented to the Committee Chair for approval. Figure 2: Methodology for the SAP Development WATER SECURITY ASSESSMENT The Water Security Assessment included information collected from a basin-wide household water resources management Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) survey, basic water balance study, two water quality surveys (wet and dry season), biodiversity evaluation, irrigation infrastructure and management review, water institutional analysis, and results from SEI’s Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model. The Water Security Assessment presented the current and future state of water resources and vulnerabilities to water resources management in the basin. IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY WATER SECURITY RISKS The Strategic Framework, developed by the Committee, identified seven priority water security risks in the basin: 1) reservoir and water infrastructure operations and maintenance; 2) sustainable agricultural practices, 3) water quality, 4) sanitation, 5) land-use change, 6) fisheries and downstream biodiversity conservation, and 7) droughts and flood forecasting. In addition, Water Security Asessments Identification of priority Water Security Risks SAP Definition of Objectives SAP Operational Objectives SAP Priority Actions https://www.swpwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/SWP-Report-Water-Balance-in-the-Chinit-Watershed September-24-2020.pdf https://www.futurewater.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TA7610 EcoHdroReport.pdf https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/77825/improving-rice-production-cambodia 3.pdf S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 7 the Framework identified four cross-cutting themes: 1) water governance, 2) knowledge creation, 3) data management, and 4) gender equality and social inclusion (GESI). PRIORITY WATER SECURITY RISKS 1-Reservoir and water infrastructure operations and maintenance: The Stung Chinit Irrigation System consists of twelve irrigation schemes; five are located in Santouk district and seven are in Baray district. In total, the Stung Chinit Irrigation System has the potential to irrigate a total command area of 20,000 ha; however, a review of irrigation infrastructure found that only the Stung Chinit Choeng irrigation system could be considered a completed irrigation system, with all functioning infrastructure including tertiary canals. Two major reservoirs that supply water to the Stung Chinit Irrigation System: the Stung Chinit Reservoir, which supplies eight of the irrigation schemes, and the Taing Krasaing reservoir, which supplies two. The two reservoirs and the 7 km canal that connects them are managed by the Kampong Thom Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology (PDOWRAM) and the twelve irrigation schemes are managed by Farmer Water User Committees (FWUCs). Ten FWUCs carry out the operations and maintenances of the twelve irrigation schemes that make up the Stung Chinit Irrigation System. 2-Sustainable agricultural practices: Across the Stung Chinit River Basin, rice is the most popular crop. In the Stung Chinit Irrigation System, rice productivity and planting schedules vary scheme to scheme. Five irrigation schemes have only one production cycle per year (wet season rice), four schemes have two production cycles per year (early wet season rice and normal wet season rice), two schemes have two production season (receding rice and dry season rice), and one irrigation scheme has two to three production cycles. Besides rice, cassava and watermelon are the two most popular irrigated crops. Farmers within the basin have gained increasing access to modern varieties of rice seeds, machinery, fertilizer, and chemical pesticides; however, ineffective crop and pest management strategies have not led to higher yields. Misuse and overuse of agricultural inputs is rampant across the basin and shows a general lack of knowledge by farmers about sustainable approaches to agriculture. 3-Water quality: Both surface and groundwater resources are increasingly vulnerable to agrochemical pollution from intensifying agriculture in the basin. Stakeholders throughout the basin have voiced their concern about agrochemical contaminants (pesticides and fertilizers). Continued deforestation and degradation of upstream forested areas are causing erosion and sedimentation of surface water. Naturally occurring arsenic is present in groundwater across the basin and not regularly monitored. Along with surface water, groundwater remains very susceptible to the widespread practice of unsafe management of human feces. According to the results of water quality testing, microbial water contamination is a serious issue in both groundwater and surface water, suggesting that wastewater management is not being practiced. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 8 4-Sanitation: Well managed sanitation is essential to the wellbeing of all people. While most households have their own latrine, 21 percent of respondents reported that they practice open defecation. Poor sanitation and hygiene behavior as well as unimproved and aging infrastructure increase the population’s exposure to enteric pathogens. 5-Land use change: Cambodia has one of the highest deforestation rates in the world, which negatively affects hydrology (i.e. increased erosion, more extreme flooding and drought events, and higher water turbidity) as well as contributing to general loss of wildlife and wildlife habitat (deforestation) including declining fish stocks. Deforestation can have many impacts in the lower part of the basin, including increased risk of floods, increased sediment in reservoirs which can result in lower reservoir capacity, and larger contributions to decreasing the landscape’s capacity to sequester carbon. Significant land-use change, like converted forest areas into rubber plantations and other crops purposes, affects water quality and availability in the basin. 6-Fishery and downstream biodiversity conservation: The Royal Government of Cambodia recognizes that Cambodian inland and marine fisheries resources show clear indications of having reached their limits of sustainable use. Downstream of the Stung Chinit River Basin, the Tonle Sap Lake, arguably the world’s most productive inland fishery, provides over 75 percent of Cambodia's annual inland fish catch and 60 percent of the nation’s protein intake. Weak land use and fisheries management has led to conflicts between stakeholders and institutions, which in turn has led to the depletion in quantity and biodiversity of Tonle Sap fish resources. This has had profound social, economic and ecological impacts on over three million people who depend on the lake for their livelihoods and well-being. Human actions are impacting the environment and ecosystem; the direction actions of over- and destructive fishing practices, loss of stream connectivity, potential hydropower development, degradation of flooded forest fish habitats and pollution are being exacerbated by the negative impacts of climate change and a steadily increasing population. 7-Drought and floods forecasting: The effects of climate change are already being felt in the Stung Chinit River Basin. Dry season flows of the Stung Chinit and its tributaries are declining, flows during the rainy season are increasing, rising temperatures are corresponding with increases in evapotranspiration, and there are more frequent and intense extreme events, such as the 2015 drought followed by the 2016 floods. Too much or too little water can destroy crops, animals, homes and ecosystems, putting many people’s livelihoods and wellbeing at risk when these events occur. To ensure the safety and prosperity of the basin, it is important to address these extreme events and be prepared, should they occur. CROSS-CUTTING THEMES 1-Water Governance: Continued strengthening of water governance in the transition towards decentralization is crucial. The creation of the new River Basin Management Committee is an important step to improved water governance in the basin. The Committee has the potential to S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 9 be a primary mechanism for coordination among water related government agencies and civil society organizations at the provincial district and local levels in the Stung Chinit River Basin. 2-Knowledge Creation: It is important for all water users in the basin – water resources managers, farmers, fishermen alike – to have a good understanding of how their actions and decisions affect the basin. The aim is to build the awareness and understanding on how to mitigate, avoid, and adapt from shocks and stressors as well as to future potential water security risks within their basin. 3-Data Management: There is insufficient water quantity and quality data and monitoring in the Stung Chinit River Basin. There is only one stream flow gauge and no water quality monitoring gauges located in the Stung Chinit. It also lacks a mechanism or platform where existing data collected by various governmental and civil society institutions could be shared. Continuously collecting and sharing data on the state of the basin is essential to understand the impact of various decisions and adjust based on observations of effectiveness. Additionally, the better the basin is understood, the more confident water resources managers can be in their decision making and predicting the impacts of those decisions. Data sharing, evidence-based investigations, and evaluations can contribute into Knowledge Creation as well. 4-Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI): The GESI approach is widely accepted among international, national, and local partners including the government, NGOs, and community natural resources management groups and it seeks to change institutional and structural forms of discrimination in addition to improving the well-being and livelihoods of marginalized groups. Continuation to promote gender mainstreaming in all water and water related planning processes will help to ensure equal participation of women and men in the decision-making processes. OBJECTIVES The Committee established the long-term general objective for the SAP: To promote the sustainable development in the Stung Chinit River Basin with particular emphasis on water security and protection of biodiversity through the implementation of interventions and established mechanisms for institutional coordination, data management, knowledge sharing and inclusive participation of all actors in the basin. The SAP long-term objective is supported by five objectives (see Figure 3) describing outcomes of water for heath and sanitation, water for agriculture, water for the environment, water for climate resilience and basin Committee institutions. These overall objectives are supported by operational objectives for each strategic action developed for this SAP as detailed in the Priority Actions section of this document and Appendices A and B. The objectives of this SAP support the Theory of Change hypothesis that if basin stakeholders adopt and implement actions to reduce water security risks, while the Committee, districts and communes capacity is built, the Stung Chinit River Basin will be more resilient to water security risks and achieve sustainable development. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 0 Figure 3: Strategic Action Plan Objectives S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 1 PRIORITY ACTIONS Given the above objectives, the Committee Task Force and the SWP team collaborated on developing priority actions for the SAP. During the subsequent Task Force meetings, members reviewed existing priority actions and drafted new ones. In between meetings, the SWP team contributed their technical expertise and relevant provincial line department Committee members were consulted. The resulting actions are shown in Table 1 and sub-actions in Table 2 with associated costs. Table 1: Summary of Cost per Objective and Action Table 2: Summary of Cost per Objective and Sub-Actions 1. Water for Health and Sanitation Objective Actions Institutional Focal Point(s) Cost (USD) 1.1 Improve access to WASH and water supply service delivery 1.1.1 Strengthen service delivery of private water operators (PWOs) PDISTI 13,000 1.1.2 Improve WASH in schools PDoEYS 184,000 1.1.3 Improve WASH in health care facilities (HCFs) PDoH 193,000 1.1.4 Improve community water supply and service PDRD 218,000 Objectives and Actions Cost (USD) 1. Water for Health and Sanitation Objective 1.1 Improve access to WASH and water supply service delivery 608,000 1.2 Improve sanitation and waste management 428,000 Total Objective 1 1,036,000 2. Water for Agriculture Objective 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance for the Stung Chinit Irrigation System 1,960,000 2.2 Promote agricultural best management practices and safe use of agrochemicals 852,000 Total Objective 2 2,812,000 3. Water for Environment Objective 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas 168,000 3.2 Promote Downstream Fisheries Development and Conservation 239,000 Total Objective 3 407,000 4. Water for Climate Resilience Objective 4.1 Strengthen local capacity for disaster risk management (DRM) 670,000 4.2 Strengthen preparedness, response and recovery from droughts and floods 436,000 Total Objective 4 1,106,000 5. Institutional Objective 5.1 Strengthen the capacity of the SC-RBMC Secretariat and member institutions 456,000 5.2 Improve data collections systems 425,000 5.3 Develop a communications and knowledge management system 172,000 5.4 Promote gender and social inclusion (GESI) 76,000 Total Objective 5 1,129,000 Total SAP 6,490,000 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 2 1. Water for Health and Sanitation Objective Actions Institutional Focal Point(s) Cost (USD) Subtotal 567,000 1.2 Improve sanitation and waste management 1.2.1 Improve access to sanitation PDRD 302,000 1.2.2 Improve village solid waste management PDoE/Commune 126,000 Subtotal 428,000 Total Objective 1 1,036,000 2. Water for Agriculture Objective Actions Focal Point Cost (USD) 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance for the Stung Chinit Irrigation System 2.1.1 Improve FWUC Administration PDWRAM/MOWR AM 41,000 2.1.2 Strengthen FWUC technical and financial sustainability PDWRAM/MOWR AM 165,000 2.1.3 Enhance irrigation infrastructure PDWRAM/MOWR AM 1,547,000 2.1.4 Improve water distribution PDWRAM 207,000 Subtotal 1,960,000 2.2 Promote agricultural best management practices and safe use of agrochemicals 2.2.1 Improve behaviors towards the use of agrochemicals PDAFF 387,000 2.2.2 Improve/establish agricultural extensions PDAFF 65,000 2.2.3 Improve water management practices in agriculture PDAFF 289,000 2.2.4 Support rain-fed farming dependent population PDAFF 111,000 Subtotal 852,000 Total Objective 2 2,812,000 3. Water for Environment Objective Actions Focal Point Cost (USD) 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas 3.1.1 Strengthen Community Forestry (CFs) groups and Community Protected Areas (CPAs) PDAFF/PDoE 27,000 3.1.2 Promote reforestation for aquifer recharge and riparian protection PDAFF/PDoE 27,000 3.1.3 Create awareness and establish mechanisms for forest conservation FA/RECOFTC 54,000 3.1.4 Increase accountability of extractive land use PDoE/RECOFTC 60,000 Subtotal 168,000 3.2 Promote Downstream Fisheries Development and Conservation 3.2.1 Strengthen community fisheries (CFis) PDAFF 75,000 3.2.2 Promote development of community fish refuges (CFRs) PDAFF 30,000 3.2.3 Improve conservation of downstream flooded forests TSA/PDAFF 134,000 Subtotal 239,000 Total Objective 3 407,000 4. Water for Climate Resilience Objective Actions Focal Point Cost (USD) 4.1 Strengthen local capacity for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) 4.1.1 Strengthen district/commune capacity to develop DRM plans PCDM/DCDM 409,000 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 3 4. Water for Climate Resilience Objective Actions Focal Point Cost (USD) 4.1.2 Identify and conduct mitigation actions to reduce disaster risks PCDM/DCDM 261,000 Subtotal 670,000 4.2 Strengthen preparedness, response and recovery from droughts and floods 4.2.1 Improve information systems and early warning communications PCDM/DCDM 251,000 4.2.2 Strengthen disaster response and recovery PCDM/DCDM 185,000 Subtotal 436,000 Total Objective 4 1,106,000 5. Institutional Objective Actions Focal Point Cost (USD) 5.1 Strengthen the capacity of the SC-RBMC Secretariat and member institutions 5.1.1 Staff and Operationalize the SC-RMBC SC-RBMC/SWP 214,000 5.1.2 Develop capacity of SC-RMBC member institutions SC-RBMC/SWP 242,000 Subtotal 456,000 5.2 Improve data collections systems 5.2.1 Improve meteorological and hydrometric monitoring MOWRAM 255,000 5.2.2 Develop water quality monitoring program SWP/MOWRAM 170,000 Subtotal 425,000 5.3 Develop a communications and knowledge management system 5.3.1 Develop a database for the basin TSA/PDoE 101,000 5.3.2 Increase communications SC-RMBC/PDWRAM 71,000 Subtotal 172,000 5.4 Promote gender and social inclusion (GESI) 5.4.1 Mainstream GESI throughout RMBC institutions SC-RMBC/PDWA 76,000 Subtotal 76,000 Total Objective 5 1,129,000 VI. MONITORING AND EVALUATION Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of SAP actions and activities will be part of the RMBC Secretariat functions. The M&E specialist at the Secretariat should develop a M&E plan for each project/activity with annual indicators to measure progress toward achieving specifics SAP objectives on each activity. Monitoring performance and evaluating progress and impact will enable the Committee to identify and scale up interventions that work, as well as to learn from activities that do not achieve the expected outcome. Main monitoring and evaluation tasks include: 1) baseline measurements, 2) data collection and entry into the RMBC Secretariat’s information system, 3) implementation of the data quality assessments, 4) evaluation and data learning to inform project implementation by conducting annual evaluations during the period of the SAP, 5) capacity building on M&E, and 6) dissemination of M&E data and lessons learned to project stakeholders. Figure 4 shows main illustrative indicators under each objective. Detailed actions profiles in Appendix B show the indicators to be considered for each action. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 4 Figure 4: SAP Illustrative Performance Indicators S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 5 VII. POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES Potential funding sources for the proposed priority water security actions are numerous. To simplify the diverse funding environment within which the SAP will be implemented, two categories of funding including existing governmental funding and non-governmental/donors funding are described below. GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING There are various funding sources available for SAP priority activities at the provincial, district, and commune levels. With the support of its members, the SAP’s activities can be submitted to the appropriate district and commune councils and provincial committees, so they are eligible for inclusion in the provincial, district and commune investment plans with funding through the provincial, district and commune investment funds. These provincial, district, and communal development plans are becoming increasingly important to the decentralization of the country, as shown by the Ministry of Interior increasing the annual national budget allocation for each commune to $70,000 in 2020 (excluding administrative costs), $85,000 in 2021, $100,000 in 2022, and $110,000 in 2023. The ultimate goal is to have SAP activities presented/considered at the annual District Integration Workshops. Another potential source of funding is directly from the provincial line agencies and national ministries, shown in Table 3. Many SAP activities reflect current agency priorities and even more that could benefit from multiagency financing while fostering cross-agency collaboration. Table 3 also identifies numerous intergovernmental committees and agencies that could provide financial support to the Committee and some of the water security actions. Table 3: Summary of Current Governmental Funding Sources Current Governmental Funding Objectives Provincial Line Agencies National Ministries Cross-Ministry Groups 1.Water for Health and Sanitation • PDRD • PDISTI • PDoH • MRD • MISTI • MoH • National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) 2.Water for Agriculture • PDAFF • MAFF 3.Water for the Environment • PDWRAM • PDoE • MOWRAM • MoE • Tonle Sap Authority (TSA) 4.Water for Climate Resilience • PDWRAM • PDoE • MOWRAM • MoE • Department of Climate Change (DCC) of the General Secretariat of the NCSD • Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA) • Provincial Committee on Disaster Management (PCDM) 5. Institutional • PDWRAM • PDWA • MOWRAM • MoWA • TSA S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 6 Current Governmental Funding Objectives Provincial Line Agencies National Ministries Cross-Ministry Groups • National River Basin Management Committee DONOR FUNDING Table 4 breaks down available funding sources (including national and international donors, non-profit foundations, and other contributing institutions with active investments) by their presence in the province, nation, and region. The table also categorizes the funding sources according to the SAP’s five objectives. Table 4: Summary of Current Water Related Funding Current Donor Funding Objectives Kampong Thom Province National Regional 1.Water for Health and Sanitation • USAID/RFF II • USAID/WASH-Fin • Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) • DFAT/Water for Women • Global Sanitation Fund (GSF)/Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) • Muslim Aid Cambodia (MAC) • United Mission for Relief & Development (URM) • Watering Minds • USAID & Stone Family Foundation/Cambodia Rural Sanitation DIB • OXFAM • GEF • USAID/WASH-Fin • USAID/RFF II • JICA • GSF/WSSCC • ADB • Cambodia Rural Sanitation DIB • Stone Family Foundation • UNICEF • DFAT • H&M Foundation • Beck Family Foundation • Gates Foundation • AFD & EU • World Bank • ADB • UNICEF 2.Water for Agriculture • ChinaAid • USAID/SWP • CARITAS • GIZ • ADB • AFD • ActionAid Cambodia • OXFAM • Climate Investment Fund (CIF) • USAID • World Bank • AFD • JICA • DFAT • UNDP Cambodia • DanChurchAid • ADB • AFD • CGIAR • ActionAid Cambodia • OXFAM • ADB • Word Bank S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 7 Current Donor Funding Objectives Kampong Thom Province National Regional 3.Water for the Environment • USAID/GPL • USAID/SWP • USAID/Cambodia Green Future • Conservation International • FAO • OXFAM • GIZ • USAID/RFF II • USAID • JICA • DFAT • OXFAM • UNEP • UNDP • World Bank • Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) • UNDP • Global Greengrants Fund 4.Water for Climate Resilience • USAID/GPL • Cambodian Red Cross • FAO • UNDP • CARITAS • GEF • USAID • GCF • World Bank • UNDP • GEF • FAO • OXFAM • CARITAS • Cambodian Red Cross • CIF • Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) • USAID/SERVIR • UNDP • SIDA • World Bank • The Asia Foundation • ADB S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 8 VIII. ACRONYMS ADB Asia Development Bank ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency AFD (local) Action for Development AFD Agence Française de Développement ANKO Akphivat Neary Khmer Organization BCC Behavior Change Communication CCDM Commune Committee for Disaster Management CF Community Forestry CFi Community Fishery CFR Community Fish Refugee CGF USAID Cambodia Green Future CIF Climate Investment Fund CIF Commune Investment Fund CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation COWS Cambodia Organization Women Support CPA Community Protected Area CSA Climate Smart Agriculture CWA Cambodian Water Association DCDM District Committee for Disaster Management DIB Development Impact Bond DIF District Investment Fund DRM Disaster Risk Management DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EWB Engineer Without Border FA Forestry Administration FACT Fisheries Action Coalition Team FiA Fishery Administration FWN Farmer and Water Net FWUC Farmer Water User Committee GAP Good Agricultural Practices GCF Green Climate Fund GPL USAID Greening Prey Lang Project HCF Health Care Facility IPM Integrated Pest Management ISC Irrigation Service Center ITC Institute of Technology Cambodia IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries MISTI Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 1 9 MoE Ministry of Environment MoEYS Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport MoH Ministry of Health MoWA Ministry of Women Affair MOWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MRD Ministry of Rural Development NCDM National Committee for Disaster Management ODF Open Defecation Free PCDM Provincial Committee for Disaster Management PDAFF Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries PDoE Provincial Department of Environment PDoEYS Provincial Department of Education, Youth, and Sport PDoH Provincial Department of Health PDISTI Provincial Department of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation PDRD Provincial Department of Rural Development PDWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resource and Meteorology PDWA Provincial Department of Women Affair PPE Personal Protection Equipment PWO Private Water Operator RBMC River Basin Management Committee RECOFTC Regional Community Forestry Training Center RFF II USAID Rice Field Fisheries Phase II SC-RBMC Stung Chinit River Basin Management Committee SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation SRP Sustainable Rice Platform SWP USAID Sustainable Water Partnership TCO Trailblazer Cambodia Organisation ToT Training of Trainer TSA Tonle Sap Authority WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WASH-FIN USAID Water Sanitation and Hygiene Finance Project WESTool Watershed Ecosystem Services Tool WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WVC World Vision Cambodia USAID United States Agency for International Development S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 0 IX. REFERENCES ADB, 2014. Improving Rice Production and Commercialization in Cambodia: Findings from a farm investment climate assessment. ADB, 2019. Rapid Assessment of Eco-Hydrology for the Tonle Sap River Basin and Mekong Delta River Basin, Cambodia. USAID-SWP, 2020. Water Balance for the Stung Chinit Watershed, Cambodia. USAID-SWP, 2019. Water Security Assessment for the Stung Chinit Watershed. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/77825/improving-rice-production-cambodia 3.pdf https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/77825/improving-rice-production-cambodia 3.pdf https://www.futurewater.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TA7610 EcoHdroReport.pdf https://www.futurewater.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TA7610 EcoHdroReport.pdf https://www.swpwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/SWP-Report-Water-Balance-in-the-Chinit-Watershed September-24-2020.pdf S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 1 APPENDIX A – SAP DETAILED ACTIVITIES 1. Water Supply and Sanitation Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) 1.1 Improve access to WASH and water supply service delivery 1.1.1 Strengthen service delivery of private water operators (PWOs) Conduct needs assessment and train Private Water Operators (PWOs) in the Stung Chinit River Basin to improve their services.* 8 months SWP, WASH-FIN, and PDISTI 5,000 Establish and operationalize PWO Working Group under the SC-RBMC.** 60 months SWP, PDISTI, and SC-RBMC 8,000 1.1.2 Improve WASH in schools Assess WASH needs in schools across the basin (e.g. sufficient on-site water storage, alternative source of power, on-site latrines, etc.). 6 months WVC, PDoEYS, and PDRD 8,000 Improve WASH services in critical schools by rehabilitating or constructing WASH infrastructure. 54 months PDoEYS 138,000 Conduct WASH Behavior Change Communication (BCC) in schools 60 months PDRD & PDoEYS 5,000 Develop and disseminate COVID-19 handwashing awareness raising materials for display in schools in the basin. 14 months PDoH & PDoEYS 23,000 Construct 13 latrines per year at the selected target schools in the province.* 60 months PDoEYS 10,000 1.1.3 Improve WASH in health care facilities (HCFs) Assess WASH needs in HCFs across the basin (e.g. sufficient on-site water storage, alternative source of power, on-site latrines, etc.). 3 months WaterAid & PDoH 9,000 Improve WASH services in critical HCFs by rehabilitating or constructing WASH infrastructure. 57 months PDoH 158,000 Conduct WASH BCC ToT with health care staff. 60 months PDoH 4,000 Develop and disseminate COVID-19 handwashing awareness raising materials for display in HCFs in the basin. 14 months PDoH 22,000 1.1.4 Improve Community Water Supply and Service Develop a community water supply provider/water user association sustainability training program to improve community water resources management and hold biannual sessions. 60 months PDRD & PDISTI 44,000 Conduct baseline study of well functionality in the basin and annual updates. 60 months PDRD & PDISTI 31,000 Promote rainwater harvesting to increase household water storage capacity and decrease water stress during the dry season. 60 months AFD, PDWRAM, and PDRD 108,000 Promote MRD’s new WASH approach, 3 Behaviors in 1 Hour (3B1H), in target communes.* 12 months PDRD 35,000 1.2 Improve sanitation and waste management 1.2.1 Improve access to sanitation Implement Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) to establish Open Defecation Free (ODF) certified villages/communes. 60 months WVC, Commune Authorities, Provincial 164,000 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 2 1. Water Supply and Sanitation Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) Technical WASH Working Group, and PDRD Subsidize latrines for ID poor 1 and 2 households.** 60 months PDRD & IDE Cambodia 57,000 Conduct sanitation marketing related activities.** 12 months IDE Cambodia, ADRA, & PDRD 19,000 Provide subsidized sanitation materials to poor households in selected target communes.** 24 months ADB & PDRD 22,000 Pilot new latrine technologies in the basin. 12 months IDE Cambodia & EWB 26,000 Develop and put in place protocols regarding the location of pit latrines to prevent human contamination of groundwater. 12 months PDRD, IDE Cambodia, and the Provincial Technical WASH Working Group 14,000 1.2.2 Improve village solid waste management Research recycling potential for the basin and present findings. 5 months Communes & PDoE 12,000 Establish a model dump site and a complementary solid waste management plan for the associated commune(s). 10 months Communes & PDoE 11,000 Community awareness raising and utilizing the established dump site. 50 months Communes & PDoE 45,000 Establish the solid waste collector at the commune level and support its operation. 54 months Communes & PDoE 39,000 Organize monthly village clean up events in the selected target villages. 60 months Communes & Districts 19,000 * implementation of these activities is underway and all funding has been secured. ** implementation of activity has started with partial funding secured. 2. Water for Agriculture Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance for the Stung Chinit Irrigation System 2.1.1 Improve Farmer Water User Committee (FWUC) Administration Develop a checklist for FWUC management and support FWUC registration.* 6 months SWP, PDWRAM, and ISC 9,000 Compile list of all members for each FWUC and their roles and responsibilities. 8 months PDWRAM & ISC 7,000 Support democratic FWUC elections. 60 months PDWRAM & ISC 20,000 MOWRAM building capacity of Tang Krasang FWUC.* 12 months MOWRAM & ADB 5,000 2.1.2 Strengthening FWUC technical and financial sustainability Complete drone mapping for 11 remaining irrigation schemes and farmer paddy registration to make all 12 FWUCs eligible to collect Irrigation Service Contributions (FWUC fees). 60 months PDWRAM & ISC 63,000 Irrigation scheme maintenance training for elected FWUC officials and technical officers. 24 months PDWRAM & ISC 53,000 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 3 2. Water for Agriculture Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) FWUC financial management training targeting FWUC finance managers. 60 months PDWRAM & ISC 49,000 2.1.3 Enhance irrigation infrastructure Validate irrigation infrastructure mapping and inventory for all FWUCs and compile into a database of FWUCs.* 3 months SWP, ADB, and PDWRAM 6,000 Assess and prioritize irrigation infrastructure in need of replacement or repair based on inventory list annually. 60 months PDWRAM & PDAFF 16,000 Rehabilitate damaged primary, secondary and tertiary canals and supporting infrastructure (e.g., gates).** 60 months MOWRAM, PDWRAM, & ADB 519,000 Build primary, secondary and tertiary canals and supporting infrastructure (e.g., gates).** 60 months MOWRAM, PDWRAM, & ADB 1,006,000 2.1.4 Improve water distribution Pilot next season water distribution schedule in Hun Sen Baray and Chukk Ksach FWUCs. 8 months PDWRAM & ISC 12,000 Develop detailed water distribution plan for other FWUC irrigation schemes. 60 months PDWRAM & ISC 59,000 Create water distribution schedule for the entire Stung Chinit irrigation system. 48 months PDWRAM, FWN, and ISC 47,000 Pilot scheduled planting in parts of the basin. 60 months PDWRAM & ISC 39,000 Set up SMS alert for farmers to know when water is being released for their scheme and build usership in the basin. 48 months PDWRAM 50,000 2.2 Promote agricultural best management practices and safe use of agrochemicals 2.2.1 Improve behaviors towards the use of agrochemicals BCC Training of Trainers (ToT) to promote safe use of fertilizers and pesticides and public awareness radio spot.** 60 months PDAFF, AFD, & SWP 67,000 Develop a plan for the enforcement of Cambodian pesticide law and implement. 60 months PDAFF & PDoE 98,000 Improve basin-wide tracking of self-reported pesticide poisonings by training physicians on how to identify and treat pesticide poisoning. 36 months PDAFF and PDoH 21,000 Establish collection points for expired, empty/finished, and illegal pesticide containers and safely dispose of them. 60 months PDAFF, PDoE, and AFD 47,000 Strengthen the Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) market to increase sales in the region. 60 months PDAFF & PDoH 48,000 Promote Integrate Pest Management (IPM). 60 months PDAFF & AFD 66,000 Perform study on optimum fertilizer application for rice farming during different cycles. 12 months PDAFF & ITC 40,000 2.2.2 Improve/establish agricultural extensions and strengthen agricultural cooperatives extension services Support producer groups of the Agriculture Cooperatives to have a clear business plan that address water security risks. 60 months PDAFF 65,000 2.2.3 Improve water management practices in agriculture Introduce the Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) in the basin to improve water security and livelihoods. 60 months GPL, SWP, and PDAFF 58,000 Promote Alternatives to Water-Intensive Rice Cultivation. 60 months PDAFF 42,000 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 4 2. Water for Agriculture Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) Train model farmers to disseminate Climate Smart Agriculture knowledge/practices throughout the basin. 60 months PDAFF 45,000 Construct riparian buffers. 36 months SWP, GPL, and PDoE 76,000 Promote Good Agriculture Practices (GAP).** 60 months PDAFF 68,000 2.2.4 Strengthen rain-fed farming dependent population Establish and operationalize the Rain-fed Farming Working Group under the SC-RBMC.** 60 months SWP, PDWRAM, and SC-RBMC 8,000 Introduce water saving technologies to targeted farmers (e.g. micro irrigation to vegetable famers). 60 months SWP & PDWRAM 45,000 Promote rainwater harvesting for water stressed farmers. 60 months PDWRAM 58,000 * implementation of these activities is underway and all funding has been secured. ** implementation of activity has started with partial funding secured. 3. Water for Environment Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas 3.1.1 Strengthen community forestry (CFs) groups and Community Protected Areas (CPAs) Strengthen capacity of CFs and CPAs in the upstream of the basin. 60 months FA, PDoE, GPL, and RECROFTC 8,000 Conduct training on importance of water security in basin management using the water security serious game.** 60 months SWP, FA, and CFs 19,000 3.1.2 Promote reforestation for aquifer recharge and riparian protection Assess priority reforestation locations for aquifer recharge. 8 months FA, PDoE, GPL and ITC 14,000 Replant trees along the riverbank and in priority upstream locations. 52 months FA, GPL, and CFs 13,000 3.1.3 Create awareness and establish mechanisms for forest conservation Awareness raising campaign about ecosystem services and the relationship between forests and water security. 60 months FA, PDoE, SWP and GPL 23,000 Perform a study on the potential for Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the Stung Chinit River Basin. 12 months FA, PDoE, SWP, GPL, and RECOFTC 21,000 Support REDD+ program and RECOFTC. 60 months FA, GPL and RECOFTC 10,000 3.1.4 Increase accountability of extractive land use Improve wastewater management at rubber plantations and processing sites.** 12 months FA, PDoE, and GPL 37,000 Establish an anonymous system to report on illegal mining activity and pollution and promote with upstream communities. 18 months PDoE & GPL 23,000 3.2 Promote Downstream Fisheries Development and Conservation 3.2.1 Strengthen community fisheries (CFis) Develop a checklist for CFi management (e.g. steps to register, how to develop a roster/list of members, etc.). 6 months SWP & RFF II 4,000 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 5 3. Water for Environment Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) Perform an inventory of all CFis and community ponds in the basin. 6 months SWP, RFF II, and FiA 6,000 Support strengthening CFis including capacity building, legal recognition, planning, implementation, monitoring and networking. 60 months FiA, Fishery Containment of Kampong Thom, GIZ, RFF II, and WorldFish 29,000 Establish a Stung Chinit River Basin Fishery Working Group to meet twice a year to share experiences and learn latest updates about fishery development in Cambodia. 60 months SWP, ANKO, and GIZ 36,000 3.2.2 Promote development of community fish refuges (CFRs) Assess potential sites for CFRs in the Stung Chinit River Basin and select two centrally located community ponds to be the CFR demonstration sites for the basin, rehabilitate CFRs, and perform capacity building for CFR management committees.* 8 months SWP & ANKO 30,000 3.2.3 Improve conservation of downstream flooded forests Establish criteria and inventory of critical areas. 12 months GPL & PDoE 7,000 Conserve and restore critical areas. 60 months PDAFF 127,000 * implementation of these activities is underway and all funding has been secured. ** implementation of activity has started with partial funding secured. 4. Climate Resilience Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) 4.1 Strengthen local capacity for disaster risk management (DRM) 4.1.1 Strengthen district/commune capacity to develop DRM plans Assess district/commune disaster risks. 6 months SC-RBMC, PCDM, DCDM and CCDM 39,000 Strengthen provincial, district and commune capacity to develop DRM plans for high risk areas. 24 months SC-RBMC & PCDM 153,000 Establish province/district/commune disaster risk management system. 24 months SC-RBMC, PCDM and CCDM 165,000 Develop and conduct disaster preparedness exercises. 60 months SC-RBMC, PCDM, DCDM and CCDM 42,000 Document experiences and lessons learn from the previous disaster risk experiences. 60 months SC-RBMC, PCDM, DCDM and CCDM 10,000 4.1.2 Identify and conduct mitigation actions to reduce disaster risks Identify priority interventions to reduce disaster risks. 24 months SC-RBMC, DCDM, and CCDM 79,000 Implement interventions to reduce risks based on DRM plans. 54 months SC-RBMC, DCDM, and CCDM 182,000 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 6 4.2 Strengthen preparedness, response and recovery from droughts and floods 4.2.1 Improve information systems and early warning communications Review and prepare plans to respond to emergencies (logistical readiness, response procedures, evacuation routes, identification of safe areas, disaster exercises) 60 months SC-RMBC, NCDM, PCDM, DCDM and CCDM 52,000 Install information centers in the high-risk locations for early warning dissemination purposes. 36 months SC-RBMC, NCDM, PCDM, DCDM and CCDM 175,000 Increase the knowledge and use of mobile SMS 1292 early warning communication for disaster risks at local level. 60 months SC-RBMC, NCDM, PCDM, DCDM and CCDM 24,000 4.2.2 Strengthen disaster response and recovery Develop protocols and establish a process for shock response. 24 months SC-RBMC, NCDM, PCDM, DCDM and CCDM 25,000 Strengthen and deploy teams as needed for shock response and recovery. 60 months SC-RBMC, NCDM, PCDM, DCDM and CCDM 160,000 5. Institutional Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) 5.1 Strengthen the capacity of the SC-RBMC Secretariat and member institutions 5.1.1 Staff and Operationalize the RMBC Secretariat office expenses 60 months SC-RBMC and SWP 33,000 Support SC-RBMC Secretariat office administration, coordination and operation. 60 months SC-RBMC and SWP 25,000 SC-RBMC Secretariat Coordinator 60 months SC-RBMC and SWP 22,000 Communications, M&E and Financial/Administration specialists. 60 months SC-RBMC and SWP 71,000 Improve secretariat staff capacity through trainings, seminars and exchange of experiences and lessons learned from other RBMCs inside and outside Cambodia. 60 months SC-RBMC and SWP 63,000 5.1.2 Develop capacity of SC-RMBC member institutions Conduct a capacity building needs assessment. 6 months SC-RBMC and SWP 14,000 Implement capacity building. 54 months SC-RBMC and SWP 49,000 Train provincial, district, and commune representatives on the importance of water security and how to include water security activities in annual development plans (use the WESTool).** 60 months SC-RBMC and SWP 144,000 Organize field visit to explore and learn Stung Chinit upstream, midstream and downstream for the SC-RBMC key members to have more understanding about the water security related issues across the basin. 60 months SC-RBMC and SWP 35,000 5.2 Improve data collections systems 5.2.1 Improve meteorological and hydrometric monitoring Assess gaps in meteorological and hydrometric monitoring systems. 6 months PDWRAM & MOWRAM 51,000 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 7 5. Institutional Objective Actions Duration Relevant Actors Cost (USD) Rehabilitate or install new gauge stations where needed. 54 months TSA & PDWRAM 129,000 Perform a needs assessment for data collection and management for provincial departments, build capacity based on results, and help establish systems/programs, if needed. 60 months GPL, TSA & PDWRAM 75,000 5.2.2 Develop water quality monitoring program Report on water quality status and trends. 60 months SC-RBMC and SWP 23,000 Develop a water quality testing program for the basin.** 24 months SC-RBMC and SWP 84,000 Train local officers to carry out the water quality testing and monitoring program.** 48 months SC-RBMC and SWP 63,000 5.3 Develop a communications and knowledge management system 5.3.1 Develop a database for the basin Collect existing data from relevant institutions such as PDOE, MOWRAM, and PCDM and update climate change projection analysis for the basin. 60 months SWP, PDoE, and SC-RBMC 60,000 Establish a database system for SC-RBMC to record and manage all relevant data as well as to share with other stakeholders if needed. 60 months SC-RBMC, TSA, and PDWRAM 41,000 5.3.2 Increase communications Develop protocol or system to increase/simplify cross-agency and department data collection and sharing. 60 months TSA & PDWRAM 52,000 Establish a platform for sharing reports and regular postings on SC RBMC updates (e.g., Facebook page). 60 months SC-RBMC and TSA 19,000 5.4 Promote gender and social inclusion (GESI) 5.4.1 Mainstream GESI throughout RMBC institutions Develop a GESI strategy.** 6 months SC-RBMC & PDWA 10,000 Promote gender equity among SC-RBMC and implement the GESI strategy. 60 months SC-RBMC & PDWA 26,000 Connect SC-RBMC with larger gender network to more widely promote GESI throughout the basin. 60 months SC-RBMC, COWS, and PDWA 40,000 * implementation of these activities is underway and all funding has been secured. ** implementation of activity has started with partial funding secured. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 8 APPENDIX B – WATER SECURITY SUB-ACTION PROFILES BY OBJECTIVE WATER FOR HEALTH AND SANITATION Action 1.1 Improve water supply and services Sub I.I.1 Strengthen service delivery of Private Water Operators (PWOs) Description Identify, assess, train, and coordinate PWOs in the Stung Chinit River Basin. Objectives General Specific objectives Strengthening the capacity, improve service delivery, and increase the coordination of Piped Water Operators (PWOs) in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Conduct capacity need assessment of all PWOs in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Identify capacity gaps and provide capacity building to PWOs, so that they can improve their services. • Establish a PWO working group under the SC-RBMC. Implementation Institutions PDISTI, WASH-FIN, Cambodian Water Association (CWA) and SWP. Illustrative Activities 1. Conduct trainings based on comprehensive needs assessment of Stung Chinit River Basin PWOs to improve their water supply provision, customer service, and business management. 2. Establish a PWO Working Group under the SC-RBMC and support its operations, including holding regular meetings and contributing to SC-RBMC business. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of PWO needs assessments completed. • 1 Compiled list of PWO training needs and technical gaps. • Number of PWOs that received tailored capacity building training from WASH-FIN/CWA/SWP. • 1 PWO working group established with a clear scope of work (SOW). • PWO staff build technical and managerial capacity. • PWOs improve the reliable supply of safe and clean water for all households receiving services in the Stung Chinit River Basin. Implementation Risks N/A Cost US$13,000 Project Duration 12 months Potential Funding Sources WASH-FIN, PDISTI and SWP. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 2 9 Action 1.1 Improve water supply and services Sub I.1.2 Improve WASH in schools Description Assess WASH in all schools in the basin, prioritize schools and their facilities for improvements, develop activities to improve WASH and water security in the priority schools, implement, monitor, and share lessons learned with other schools in the basin. Objectives General Specific objectives Improve WASH facilities in prioritized schools in the basin. • Conduct WASH needs assessment for all schools in the basin. • Identify priority schools and their WASH needs. • Develop and carry out activities in priority schools. • Produce lessons learned to share with other schools in the basin. Implementation institutions PDRD, PDoEYS, PDoH, Provincial Technical WASH Working Group, WVC, and IDE Cambodia. Illustrative Activities 1. Assess WASH needs in schools across the basin (e.g. sufficient on-site water storage, handwashing station, on-site latrines, etc.). 2. Improve WASH services in critical schools by rehabilitating or constructing WASH infrastructure. 3. Conduct WASH Behavior Change Communications (BCC) in schools. 4. Develop and disseminate COVID-19 handwashing awareness raising materials for display in schools in the basin. 5. Construct 13 latrines per year at the selected target schools in the province. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • 1 WASH needs assessment performed for all schools in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Number of WASH/water security improvement interventions carried out in schools. • Number of COVID-19 handwashing educational posters on display in number of schools. • Number of water storage tanks installed/rehabilitated. • Number of handwashing facilities. constructed/rehabilitated. • Number of participants trained in BCC campaign. • Increased knowledge of areas for improvement for WASH in schools in the basin. • Increased schools with improved WASH facilities. • Increased input from schools in the WASH Working Group • Increased understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and handwashing by school employees and students. Implementation Risks Small-scale construction – EIA not required under Cambodian law. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 0 Action 1.1 Improve water supply and services Sub I.1.2 Improve WASH in schools Cost US$184,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources PDoEYS and WorldVision Cambodia. Action 1.1 Improve water supply and services Sub I.1.3 Improve WASH in health care facilities (HCFs) Description Assess WASH in all HCFs in the basin (e.g. sufficient on-site water storage, alternative source of power, on-site latrines, etc.), prioritize critical facilities for improvements, develop activities to improve WASH and water security in the priority HCFs, implement, monitor, and share lessons learned with other HCFs in the basin. Objectives General Specific objectives Improve WASH facilities in prioritized HCFs in the basin. • Conduct WASH needs assessment for all HCFs in the basin. • Identify priority HCFs and their needs to improve their WASH conditions (e.g. handwashing facility). • Develop and carry out activities in HCFs. • Produce lessons learned to share with other HCFs in the basin. Implementation Institutions PDRD, PDoH, Provincial Technical WASH Working Group, WaterAid, HCFs, and SC-RBMC. Illustrative Activities 1. Assess WASH needs in HCFs across the basin (e.g. sufficient on-site water storage, alternative source of power, on-site latrines, etc.). 2. Improve WASH services in critical HCFs by rehabilitating or constructing WASH infrastructure. 3. Conduct WASH BCC ToT with doctors and hospital staff. 4. Develop and disseminate COVID-19 handwashing awareness raising materials for display in HCFS in the basin. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • 1 WASH needs assessment covering all HCFs in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Number of WASH/water security improvement interventions carried • Identified targeted areas for improvement in WASH in HCFs in the basin. • Increased number of HCFs with improved WASH facilities and water S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 1 Action 1.1 Improve water supply and services Sub I.1.3 Improve WASH in health care facilities (HCFs) out in HCFs. • Number of COVID-19 handwashing educational posters on display in number of HCFs. • Number of health providers and support staff trained on COVID-19 and WASH connection. • Number of water storage tanks installed/rehabilitated. • Number of handwashing facilities. constructed/rehabilitated. • Number of participants trained in BCC campaign. security. • Increased inputs from HCFs in the WASH Working Group. • Increased understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and handwashing by HCF employees and visitors. Implementation Risks Small-scale construction – EIA not required under Cambodian law. Cost US$193,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources MoH, PDoH, and Commune and District Investment Funds Action 1.1 Improve water supply and services Sub I.1.4 Improve Community Water Supply and Service Description Identify and improve community managed water supplied. Objectives General Specific objectives Gain a clearer understanding of community water supply in the basin, while improving services and diversifying sources. • Update community water source maps and data (including infrastructure functionality, maintenance, and water quality). • Analyze maps and data to identify service gaps and areas for improvement. • Provide capacity building and support based on the identified needs. Implementation Institutions PDRD, commune councils, IDE Cambodia, Provincial Technical WASH Working Group, and WaterAid. Illustrative Activities 1. Develop a community water supply provider/water user association sustainability training program to improve management. 2. Conduct study of well functionality and water quality in the basin. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 2 Action 1.1 Improve water supply and services Sub I.1.4 Improve Community Water Supply and Service 3. Promote rainwater harvesting and increased household water storage capacity to decrease water stress during the dry season. 4. Promote MRD’s 3 Behaviors in 1 Hour (3B1H) approach (new MRD initiative to promote WASH in rural Cambodia) in target communes. The 3 Behaviors include handwashing, clean drinking water and latrine use. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of community water points updated on the map and data collected. • Number of community water supply managers attended training(s). • Improved access to quality services of Community Water Supply providers for local community. • Improved water security for community water supply, especially during the dry season. Implementation Risks Small-scale construction – EIA not required under Cambodian law. Cost $218,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources PDRD and UNICEF Action 1.2 Improved sanitation and waste management Sub I.2.1 Improve access to sanitation Description Continue to provide incentives for latrine purchase/installation to the bottom of the pyramid (poorest), while building demand for sanitation and hygiene products and services by promoting new technologies and introducing Open Defecation Free (ODF) certification to communes/villages in the basin. Objectives General Specific objectives Prioritize the adoption of improved sanitation across the Stung Chinit River Basin to protect available water resources. • Demonstrate new latrine technologies as cost-effective alternatives to regular latrines. • Provide subsidies to latrines for those in need. • Establish ODF certification in the basin. Implementation institutions Engineers Without Borders (EWB), IDE Cambodia, PDRD, and Provincial Technical WASH Working Group. Illustrative Activities 1. Implement Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) to establish ODF certified villages/communes. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 3 Action 1.2 Improved sanitation and waste management Sub I.2.1 Improve access to sanitation 2. Subsidize latrines for ID poor 1 and 2 households. 3. Conduct sanitation marketing related activities. 4. Provide subsidized sanitation materials to poor households in selected target communes (ADB 2020 - 2022). 5. Pilot new latrine technologies in the basin. 6. Develop and put protocols in place regarding the zoning/location of newly constructed pit latrines and septic tanks to prevent groundwater contamination. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of improved latrine technologies actively being promoted and used in the basin. • Number of new latrines constructed in the basin. • Number of latrines converted to meet “improved sanitation” criteria. • Number of villages/communes actively participating in CLTS. • Number of villages/communes with ODF certification. • Improved water quality from less human waste contamination. • Increased sanitation marketing in the basin. • Increased practice of CLTS in the basin. Implementation Risks Small-scale construction – depending on size EIA may be required under Cambodian law. Cost US$302,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources PDRD, EWB, ADB, Gates Foundation, and SWP. Action 1.2 Improved sanitation and waste management Sub I.2.2 Improve village solid waste management Description Improve community solid waste management capacity through the establishment of infrastructure and policy as well as the increase of the population’s awareness. Objectives General Specific objectives Improve solid waste management in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Construct a model solid waste dump with a collection protocol. • Community awareness events on better solid waste management. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 4 Action 1.2 Improved sanitation and waste management Sub I.2.2 Improve village solid waste management Implementation Institutions GPL, SC-RBMC, SWP, communes, and PDoE. Illustrative Activities 1. Perform a recycling feasibility study for the higher populated areas within the basin. 2. Establish a model dump site. 3. Establish solid waste collection system at the commune level and support its operation. 4. Conduct community awareness raising about utilizing the established dump site and solid waste collection system. 5. Organize monthly village clean up events in the selected target villages. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of stakeholders actively using officially established dump sites and/or solid waste collection system. • Number of awareness raising events held. • Number of community solid waste management plans or dedicated sections in commune development plans. • Increased community understanding about the benefits of solid waste management. • Improved water quality through the effective management of solid waste. Implementation Risks Cost US$126,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources GPL and Commune Investment Fund (CIF). S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 5 WATER FOR AGRICULTURE Action 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance Sub 2.1.1 Improve FWUC Administration Description Streamline the administrative requirements for FWUCs, from daily operations to achieving organizational milestones (e.g. registration with MOWRAM and approval to collect fees from members) through workshops and a Khmer tool/checklist. Objectives General Specific objectives Improve administration of 12 FWUCs in the Stung Chinit River Basin and facilitate their increased responsibilities. • Develop a tool to share with all FWUCs to assist with their improved management and keep them on task for reaching milestones like being able to collect fees. • Compile a database of all FWUC members in the basin. • Establish a Stung Chinit FWUC network. • Collect FWUC election best practices Implementation Institutions SWP, ISC, MOWRAM, PDWRAM, FWN, and 12 FWUCs, and local authority. Illustrative Activities 1. Develop a checklist for FWUC management and support FWUC registration. 2. Compile list of all members for each FWUC and their roles and responsibilities. 3. FWUC elections. 4. ABD continues building capacity of Tang Krasang FWUC through MOWRAM. 5. Support the creation of a forum for all 12 current (and any future) FWUCs in the Stung Chinit River Basin. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • 1administrative checklist in Khmer to share with FWUCs • Number of FWUCs registered with MOWRAM • Number of FWUCs with complete member rosters • Number of FWUC elections held • Number of FWUCs with transition of power after the election • 1 Charter of Stung Chinit FWUC Forum • Meetings of Stung Chinit FWUC Forum • Improved administration and management of Stung Chinit FWUCs. • Improved communication within FWUCs and between FWUCs and PDWRAM (reservoir manager). operations/management communication. • Increased transparency of FWUCs management to members. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 6 Action 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance Sub 2.1.1 Improve FWUC Administration Implementation Risks None Cost US$41,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources PDWRAM, MOWRAM, SWP, and FWN. Action 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance Sub 2.1.2 Strengthening FWUCS technical and financial sustainability Description Support FWUCS with technical expertise so they can legally qualify and effectively manage the responsibility of irrigation fee collection (Irrigation Service Contribution). Objectives General Specific objectives Provide technical assistance to all FWUCs in the Stung Chinit River Basin especially on financial matters, to better manage the Stung Chinit Irrigation System and its 10 schemes. • Perform drone mapping for all FWUCs requiring it to collect Irrigation Service Contributions. • Support Irrigation Service Contributions collection for eligible FWUCs. • Increase technical skills of FWUC members. Implementation Institutions SWP, ISC, PDWRAM, FWUCs and District/Commune/Village Authorities. Illustrative Activities 1. Complete drone mapping for 11 remaining irrigation schemes and farmer paddy registration to make all 12 FWUCs eligible to collect Irrigation Service Contributions. 2. Irrigation scheme maintenance training for FWUC officials and technical officers. 3. Deliver a comprehensive technical training on Irrigation Service Contribution targeting FWUC finance managers. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • 1 map of all irrigation infrastructure • 12 maps of individual irrigation schemes with plots delineated and registration. • Improved operations and management of all 12 FWUCs in the Stung Chinit River Basin S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 7 Action 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance Sub 2.1.2 Strengthening FWUCS technical and financial sustainability • Number of FWUC representatives trained on technical skills. • Number of FWUCs with fee collection plans. • Number of FWUCs able to collect fees. Implementation Risks N/A. Cost US$165,000 Project Duration 24 months Potential Funding Sources SWP, GPL, MOWRAM/PDWRAM, and AFD (French Organization). Action 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance Sub 2.1.3 Enhance irrigation infrastructure Description Coordinate and work with irrigation actors e.g. ISC in the Kampong Thom province to improve irrigation infrastructure in the basin. Objectives General Specific objectives Improve the infrastructure of the Stung Chinit Irrigation System. • Identify and rehabilitate damaged primary, secondary and tertiary canals. • Build primary, secondary and tertiary canals to support farmers who have their farmland far from the main canals. Implementation Institutions PDWRAM, PDAFF, FWN, CARITAS, ADB/MOWRAMand ISC. Illustrative Activities 1. Validate irrigation infrastructure mapping and inventory for all FWUCs and compile into a database of FWUCs. 2. Assess and prioritize irrigation infrastructure in need of replacement or repair based on inventory list. 3. Rehabilitate damaged primary, secondary and tertiary canals and supporting infrastructure (e.g., gates). 4. Build primary, secondary and tertiary canals and supporting infrastructure (e.g., gates). S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 8 Action 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance Sub 2.1.3 Enhance irrigation infrastructure Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • 1 map of the Stung Chinit Irrigation System validated by all members working on irrigation in the basin. • 1 inventory of current state of irrigation infrastructure validated by all members working on irrigation in the basin. • Number of irrigation structures constructed or repaired. • Number of farmers with increased access to functioning irrigation infrastructure. • Improved access to irrigation infrastructures for farmers in the Stung Chinit River Basin for better use of agricultural water resources. • Improved coordination across actors towards the construction/repair of irrigation infrastructure. Implementation Risks Excavation, canal construction, installation of gates, etc. will require an EIA under Cambodian law. Cost US$1,547,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources PDWRAM/MOWRAM and ADB. Action 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance Sub 2.1.4 Improve water distribution Description Support and facilitate the development and use of 12 FWUC water distribution plans and one for the entire Stung Chinit Irrigation System. Increase the use of information technology and communication tools, such as SMS, to facilitate water distribution coordination between farmers. Objectives General Specific objectives • Improve water distribution for all 12 FWUCs in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Prepare better plan for water distribution. • Reduce water distribution conflict among water users in the schemes. • Develop detail water distribution plan for all 12 FWUCs. • Establish SMS alerts for releases and major developments for the main irrigation infrastructures. • Train farmers on staggered planting within each scheme. Implementation PDWRAM, PDAFF, FWN and ISC. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 3 9 Action 2.1 Improve Reservoir and Water Infrastructure and Operations and Maintenance Sub 2.1.4 Improve water distribution Institutions Illustrative Activities 1. Pilot next season water distribution schedule in Hun Sen Baray and Chukk Ksach FWUCs. 2. Develop detailed water distribution plan for other FWUC irrigation scheme. 3. Create water distribution schedule for the entire Stung Chinit irrigation system. 4. Introduce scheduled planting to basin. 5. Set up SMS alert for farmers to know when water is being released for their scheme. Expected Results Outputs 6. Outcomes/Impact • 12 water distribution plans prepared – one for each FWUCs. • Number of water distribution plans actively being used. • Number of users subscribed to the irrigation network SMS alert network. • Number of farmers practicing scheduled planting. • Increased coordination between actors in the basin on the management of irrigation infrastructure. Implementation Risks Implementation could lead to downstream stakeholders receiving less water or at irregular times. Cost US$207,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources MOWRAM, ADB, WB and AFD (French Organization) Action 2.2 Incorporate best practices for agriculture sustainable development Sub 2.2.1 Improve behaviors towards the use of agrochemicals Description Improve water quality in the basin by decreasing the use of pesticides in the basin, providing farmers with safer alternatives, and improving disposal practices. Objectives General General Improve water quality in the basin by decreasing the use of pesticides in the basin, providing farmers with safer alternatives, and improving disposal • Improve water quality in the basin by decreasing the use of pesticides in the basin, providing farmers with safer alternatives, and improving disposal S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 0 Action 2.2 Incorporate best practices for agriculture sustainable development Sub 2.2.1 Improve behaviors towards the use of agrochemicals practices. practices. Implementation Institutions Action for Development (AFD), PDAFF, MoE/PDoE, District Office of Agriculture (DoA), Agricultural Cooperatives, and SWP. Illustrative Activities 1. Behavior change communications (BCC) Training of Trainers (ToT) to promote safe use of fertilizers and pesticides locally and public awareness radio spot. 2. Develop a plan to assist provincial line department with more stringently enforcement of Cambodian pesticide laws with activities such as: a. Work with MAFF/PDAFF to do market inspections for illegal pesticides. b. Increase number of fines for improper disposal of pesticide containers. c. Ensure that pesticide packaging have clear, concise instructions, using obvious visual symbols for the illiterate and images of the target species. Considering the cross-border movement of chemical pesticides, the addition of basic Khmer instructions would be a low cost and compulsory gesture that would assist in informing users of risks and good practices as well as strengthening products stewardship. 3. Train physicians on how to identify and treat pesticide poisoning/exposure and monitor to get a better idea of self-reported agrochemical poisonings. 4. Create collection points for expired, empty/finished, and illegal pesticide containers and hand out safe storage containers for people to bring in theirs. Then safe disposal of the collected bottles. Work with pesticide dealers – could be a complimentary service. 5. Subsidize or strengthen the Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) market to increase sales of PPE in the region. 6. Promote Integrate Pest Management (IPM) as an alternative or complementary Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of farmers trained on the safe handling and disposal of agrochemicals or alternative approaches such as IPM. • Number of BCC materials developed on the topic and shared. • Number of farmers using PPE when applying agrochemicals. • Local farmers increased understanding of the impact of the use of agrochemical inputs. • Decreased dangerous behavior around agrochemicals and reported poisonings. • Decreased use of illegal pesticides. • Improved agrochemical packaging in the basin. • Farmers changing their practices. • Improved water quality from less overuse of agrochemicals. • Increased implementation of existing agrochemical related policy. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 1 Action 2.2 Incorporate best practices for agriculture sustainable development Sub 2.2.1 Improve behaviors towards the use of agrochemicals Implementation Risks Possible dissemination of inaccurate information. Cost US$387,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources SWP, PDAFF, DoA, WorldVeg, and CGIAR. Action 2.2 Incorporate best practices for agriculture sustainable development Sub 2.2.2 Improve/establish agricultural extensions and strengthen agricultural cooperatives extension services Description Engage Agricultural Cooperatives in the Water Security Improvement (WSI) Process and SC-RBMC and build their capacity to prioritize water security in their business plans. Objectives General Specific objectives Build the capacity of ACs on water security and help them prioritize sustainable water resources management in their business plans. • Support 17 Agriculture Cooperatives in the Stung Chinit River Basin to have a clear business plan that address water security risks. Implementation institutions Action for Development (AFD), PDAFF, DoA, CARITAS, and SWP. Illustrative Activities 1. Conduct study of less water intensive alternatives for AC members – this feasibility study would consider substitute crops and their markets, water saving technologies, and other approaches to more effectively using available water resources and increasing access during the dry season. 2. Engage PDAFF and DoA to jointly support the ACs in developing their business plan for their producer groups. 3. Train ACs on water security agricultural techniques. 4. Along with PDAFF and DoA work with ACs and producer groups to implement their business plan. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of ACs that have business plans that address water security. • Number of AC members trained on water security. • Improved agriculture yields and livelihoods with decreased negative impact on water resources. Implementation N/A. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 2 Action 2.2 Incorporate best practices for agriculture sustainable development Sub 2.2.2 Improve/establish agricultural extensions and strengthen agricultural cooperatives extension services Risks Cost US$65,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources DoA and PDAFF. Action 2.2 Incorporate best practices for agriculture sustainable development Sub 2.2.3 Improve water management practices in agriculture Description Support the adoption of more sustainable agriculture techniques (Climate Smart Agriculture) and methodologies (Sustainable Rice Platform). For those farmers relying on extractive agriculture for their livelihood (e.g., rubber, cashews, etc.), give them the tools and capacity building needed to decrease seasonal water stress and minimize water resources contamination. Objectives General Specific objectives Introduce and support the adoption of agricultural related livelihood methodologies that are beneficial to both farmers and the health of the basin. • Develop an activity to encourage farmers to adopt growing vegetables and animal raising instead of relying on water intensive rice cultivation for their income. • Introduce SRP to the basin and demonstration centers. • Expand the practice of Climate Smart Agriculture in the basin. • Less contamination from family rubber plantation and household processing. • Protect downstream from the soil erosion next to waterway. Implementation institutions Action for Development (AFD), PDAFF, DoA, SC-RBMC, SWP and GPL. Illustrative Activities 1. Introduce the Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) in the basin to improve water security and livelihoods. 2. Promote Alternatives to Water-Intensive Rice Cultivation. 3. Establish model farmers to disseminate Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) knowledge/practices throughout the basin. 4. Construct riparian buffers. 5. Promote Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 3 Action 2.2 Incorporate best practices for agriculture sustainable development Sub 2.2.3 Improve water management practices in agriculture Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of farmers practicing SRP. • Number of farmers practicing CSA. • Number of farmers that have adopted alternative crops to rice. • 1 study identifying high impact buffer zone sites completed. • 1 buffer zone reparation plan developed and implemented. • Decreased stress on water resources and environment. • More environmentally responsible farming. Restored and maintained the buffer zones at the upstream of the Stung Chinit River Basin that help to protect water quality and environment. • Improved water quality in the river. Implementation Risks Small Scale Construction required for buffer zones – do not require EIA according to Cambodian law. Cost US$289,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources MOWRAM, PDWRAM, ADB, and WB. Action 2.2 Incorporate best practices for agriculture sustainable development Sub 2.2.4 Strengthen rain-fed farming dependent population Description Provide diverse water security improvement approaches to farmers that are not connected to the Stung Chinit Irrigation System and increase their representation in the basin. Objectives General Specific objectives Build the capacity of farmers that do not rely on the Stung Chinit Irrigation System with water saving techniques. • To provide opportunity for a non irrigation working group to participate in the SC-RBMC. • To improve farming practices and water resources management for this target group. Implementation Institutions Action for Development (AFD), PDAFF, DoA, HARVEST II, Amru Rice, Farmers and Water Network (FWN), WCS, SC-RBMC, Cashew Farmer Association, and Agriculture Cooperatives. Illustrative Activities 1. Establish non-irrigation working group for SC-RBMC to represent the interests of farmers that rely on rain-fed irrigation. 2. Introduce water saving technologies to targeted farmers (e.g. micro irrigation to vegetable famers). 3. Promote rainwater harvesting for water stressed farmers. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 4 Action 2.2 Incorporate best practices for agriculture sustainable development Sub 2.2.4 Strengthen rain-fed farming dependent population Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of new water-saving technologies being used by farmers outside of the Stung Chinit Irrigation System. • 1 rainfed farmers working group established. • Number of new rainfed farmers trained on water saving management techniques. • Rainfed farmers have better skills and technology to address their concerns and mitigate water scarcity. • Less water stress and more productive yields for poor farmers. • Decreased conflicts over water resources across seasons. Implementation Risks Introduce inappropriate technology that saves water but causes unexpected damage to the environment. Cost US$111,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources USAID Cambodia, PDAFF, and agricultural private sector actors. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 5 WATER FOR ENVIRONMENT Action 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas Sub 3.1.1 Strengthen Community Forestry (CFs) groups and Community Protected Areas (CPAs) Description Build the capacity of CFs to better manage their responsibilities, such as report writing, patrolling plan regularly, and monthly meetings, while improving their understanding, and that of their provincial line department counterparts, of the connection between their work and water security in the basin. Support tree planting activities in the upstream of basin (degraded areas and degraded riverbank). Support CFs to integrate their key activities in to commune development plan. Objectives General Specific objectives Forestry stakeholders will receive training to better understand basin management and the connection of their work and to water security for the basin. • Strengthen local people capacity to understand water security issues and impacts. • Local knowledge will be used to protect and conserve upstream basin and improve maintaining basin function. • Strengthen local ownership to manage and protect their own forest resources in a sustainable way. Implementation Institutions SWP, GPL, PDAFF, FA, PDWRAM, PDoE, 11 CFs upstream of the basin, and RECOFTC. Illustrative Activities 1. Strengthen capacity of CFs and CPAs in the upstream of the basin. Support to improve – update CFs and CPAs management plans. 2. Conduct training on importance of water security in basin management using the water security serious game. 3. Support awareness campaign in close collaboration with MoE/PDoE both at national and sup-national level. 4. Support greater social inclusion and gender equity in all aspects of CF and CPA development in the basin. 5. Support the investment in vocational and business capacities and knowledge platforms to stimulate continuous development of CFs and CPAs and their networks. 6. Build capacities on finance and market-based approaches, with support from other government departments and private sectors. 7. Support exchange of visit to explore and sharing of learned lessons – experiences from other CFs and CPAs in different places. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of improved forest management plans for CF’s upstream of the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Increased local knowledge transfer and sharing among the community. • Increased understanding how impacts on ground and surface water can be S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 6 Action 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas Sub 3.1.1 Strengthen Community Forestry (CFs) groups and Community Protected Areas (CPAs) • Number of CPAs that receive support. • Number of CF members trained, and their capacity have been improved. mitigated. • Increase understanding the linkages between forest – people - water and water security in the basin and the important of forest to secure water aquifer in the basin. • Increased capacity of CF committees to manage their forest resources in a sustainable way that positively impacts the basin’s water resources. • Increased local ownership to conserve and protect their natural resources. Implementation Risks N/A Cost US$27,000 Project Duration 60 months Funding sources MAFF/PDAFF, FAO, RECROFTC, MoE/PDoE, GPL, SWP, and GEF. Action 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas Sub 3.1.2 Promote reforestation for aquifer recharge and riparian buffer protection, natural wetland protection Description Encourage more reforestation related interventions (e.g., REDD+) and implementing partners to work in the Stung Chinit River Basin by having an assessment of priority reforestation locations for aquifer recharge and available resources for reforestation initiatives/projects. Meanwhile, increasing local demand for reforestation by educating communities on the benefits of ecosystem services on water security. Objectives General Specific objectives To improve forest cover through reforestation projects and protect upstream headwater of the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Coordinate ongoing and planned reforestation projects. • Target reforestation projects in areas beneficial to water security. • Work with local plant nurseries to have local tree species in stock. • Improve community knowledge of the benefits of reforestation and the connection between water security and the forest. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 7 Action 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas Sub 3.1.2 Promote reforestation for aquifer recharge and riparian buffer protection, natural wetland protection Implementation institutions GPL, CFs, CPAs, FA, SC-RBMC, SWP, PDoE, and local authority. Illustrative Activities 1. Assess priority reforestation locations for aquifer recharge for both CFs and CPAs. 2. Replant trees along the riverbank and in priority upstream locations. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Assessment performed and results shared with implementing partners and communities. • Number of trees planted in high impact areas. • High impact reforestation areas identified. • Reduced bank erosion downstream in the basin. • Reduced pollution from human activities that may be impacted to water sources in midstream and downstream of the basin. • Increased forest cover and improved water sources (head water) in the basin. • Increased wildlife resources and increased numbers of NTFP that help to improve local people livelihood and food opportunity. Implementation Risks N/A Cost US$27,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources MAFF/PDAFF, FA, GPL, RECROFTC, and REDD+ Program. Action 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas Sub 3.1.3 Create awareness and establish mechanisms for forest conservation Description Coordinate and work with CFs, FAs, and local authorities to protect forest through community participation and awareness raising. Objectives General Specific objectives • Increase forest conservation upstream of the Stung Chinit • Mobilize communities to take part in forest conservation activities. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 8 Action 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas Sub 3.1.3 Create awareness and establish mechanisms for forest conservation River Basin. • Improve local knowledge and capacity to protect their forest resources in the basin. • Strengthen local ownership as well as capacity and be able to teach their young generation about success and failure of forest management and protection. Implementation Institutions CFs, CPAs, FA, Commune Councils, GPL, PDoE, and RECOFTC. Illustrative Activities 1. Awareness raising campaign about ecosystem services and the relationship between forests and water security. 2. Perform a study on the potential for Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the Stung Chinit River Basin. 3. Support REDD+ program and RECOFTC. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Conducted assessment of potential for PES in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Number of events organized for forest conservation and protection. • Number of awareness materials produced and widely distributed at the community level. • Increased active community participation in forest conservation. • Improved CFs and CPAs management plan and implementation more effectively. • Improved upstream forest basin condition and maintained ecological function of the basin. • Increased knowledge and capacity of local community and local authority in the field of forest management and conservation. Implementation Risks Cost US$54,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources GPL, SWP, FA, CFs and private agricultural companies. Action 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas Sub 3.1.4 Increase accountability of extractive land use Description Enable community to monitor and report the illegal mining activities at the upstream of the Stung Chinit River Basin. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 4 9 Action 3.1 Promote Forest Conservation and Restoration in Upstream Areas Sub 3.1.4 Increase accountability of extractive land use Objectives General Specific objectives Set up hotline that community can use the report the illegal mining activities to SC-RBMC. • Train upstream community representatives to monitor and report the illegal mining activities. • Provide guidance and facilities for community to report illegal cases. Implementation Institutions GPL, PDoE, and SC-RBMC. Illustrative Activities 1. Improve wastewater management at rubber plantations and processing sites. 2. Establish an anonymous system to report on illegal mining activity and pollution and promote with upstream communities. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of community representative selected and trained about mining impacts and how impacts can be mitigated. • Hotline communication set up and used. • Improved water quality and protected environment through reducing the illegal mining activities at the upstream of the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Restored mining degraded areas by replacing trees or natural maintaining forest resources, • Increased local knowledge on possible impacts caused by mining activities. Implementation Risks N/A Cost US$60,000 Project Duration 60 months Funding sources GPL and SWP Action 3.2 Promote Downstream Fisheries Development and Conservation Sub 3.2.1 Strengthen community fisheries (CFis) Description Strengthen the management capacity of all CFis in the Stung Chinit River Basin, so that they are able to effectively manage their communities and freshwater resources. Objectives General Specific objectives Strengthen CFis capacity to effectively manage and protect fish resources in • Develop a checklist for CFi management. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 0 Action 3.2 Promote Downstream Fisheries Development and Conservation Sub 3.2.1 Strengthen community fisheries (CFis) the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Conduct inventory CFi fishing lots and ponds. • Strengthen CFis leadership and management capacity. Implementation Institutions Fishery containment of Kampong Thom, WorldFish, CFis, FiA, Fishery Action Coalition Team (FACT), and Trailblazer Cambodia Organisation (TCO). Illustrative Activities 1. Develop a checklist for CFi management (e.g. steps to register, how to develop a roster/list of members, etc.) 2. Perform an inventory of all CFis and community ponds in the basin, including the status of their pond (e.g. Is it being maintained? Does it hold water? etc.) 3. Support strengthening CFis including capacity building, legal recognition, planning, implementation, monitoring and networking. 4. Establish basin Fishery Working Group to learn latest updates about fishery development in Cambodia. Especially, new approaches to manage fishponds more effectively. Establish basin Fishery Working Group to learn latest updates about fishery development in Cambodia. Especially, new approaches to manage fishponds more effectively. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • CFi management checklist • CFi fishing lots and ponds inventory list. • Number of CFi representatives trained. • Number of CFi management plan reviewed/revised. • Number of CFi management plan being implemented. • Sustain fishery resources and freshwater biodiversity in the basin through improving CFi management. • Increased fish production and improved local livelihood and food security. Implementation Risks N/A Cost US$75,000 Project Duration 2020 - 2025 Funding sources PDAFF, FiA, and GIZ Action 3.2 Promote Downstream Fisheries Development and Conservation Sub 3.2.2 Promote development of community fish refuges (CFRs) Description Convert community ponds, which meet the established WorldFish/RFF II criteria, into a CFRs and provide the required institutional support, including establishing a S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 1 Action 3.2 Promote Downstream Fisheries Development and Conservation Sub 3.2.2 Promote development of community fish refuges (CFRs) pond committee and building its members’ management and conservation skills. Objectives General Specific objectives Covert community ponds into CFRs, establish pond management committees, and train committees on water resources management and aquaculture. • Establish CFRs to improve livelihoods, preserve aquatic biodiversity in the area, increase water availability during the dry season, help villagers better manage water for irrigation, increase local food security, and create a contingency plan for community drinking water source if needed during the dry season. Implementation Institutions WoldFish, SWP, village, communes, districts, PDoE, PDAFF, ANKO and TCO. Illustrative Activities 1. Assess potential sites for CFRs in the Stung Chinit River Basin. 2. Construct two CFR demonstration sites for the basin. 3. Perform capacity building for CFRs. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of community ponds converted to CFRs. • Number of community pond management committee established and trained. • Number of farmers with more secure access to water irrigation. • Increased dry season sanctuary for fish in the Stung Chinit. • Villagers with increased water for irrigation and during dry season. • Increased sustainable fishing in the area. • Increased communes with training • Provided safe drinking water to local residents such as villagers, schools, pagoda etc. Implementation Risks EIA required by community, commune and district authority. Cost US$30,000 Project Duration 8 months Potential Funding Sources TSA, USAID Cambodia, GIZ, and SWP S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 2 Action 3.2 Promote Downstream Fisheries Development and Conservation Sub 3.2.3 Improve conservation of downstream flooded forests Description Assess current state of the flooded forests and risks to its conservation in the downstream of the Stung Chinit River Basin to develop a plan that coordinates activities to mitigate the identified risks and initiate restoration activities. Objectives General Specific objectives • To restore flooded forest in the downstream of the Stung Chinit River Basin. • To support and maintain fish breeding areas by protecting flooded forest. • Number of flooded forest degradation identified (ha). • To understand the current state of the flooded forest in the downstream. • To engage stakeholders and relevant actors in activities maintain the function of flooded forest, such as: o Replanting flooded forest at the most degradation areas. o Protecting flooded forest through community patrolling activities. • Strengthening CFis capacity to implement their management plan. • Maintained flooded forest (number of hectares) downstream of the basin. Implementation Institutions Fishery Containment of Kampong Thom, CFis, FiA, FACT, WCS, TSA, and WorldFish. Illustrative Activities 1. Establish criteria and inventory of critical areas. 2. Conserve and restore critical areas. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • A baseline inventory of the flooded forests in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Number of assessments performed. • Causes of degradation identified. • Number of flooded forest conservation and restoration plan developed, or related activities integrated into existing development plans. • Number of activities implemented. • Shared knowledge about the current condition of flooded forests in the basin. • Activities or a plan developed and implemented to conserve and restore flooded forest in the Stung Chinit River Basin that engage relevant stakeholders and local communities. • Increased area for seasonal fisheries in the basin. • Protection of a biodiverse ecosystem unique to the Tonle Sap River Basin. Implementation Risks N/A Cost US$134,000 Project Duration 60 months S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 3 Action 3.2 Promote Downstream Fisheries Development and Conservation Sub 3.2.3 Improve conservation of downstream flooded forests Funding sources FiA, SWP, GPL, TSA, and GIZ. WATER FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCE Action 4.1 Strengthen local capacity for disaster risk management (DRM) Sub 4.1.1 Strengthen district/commune capacity to develop DRM plans Description This activity aims to strengthen local capacity to develop plans to address disaster risks from multiple hazards including floods and droughts. The activity supports provincial, district and communes to improve DRM planning. Objectives General Specific objectives • Improve Disaster Risk Management at the subnational and local level in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • To strengthen provincial, district, and commune capacity to develop and implement DRM plans. • Districts and communes able to assess and map hazards. • District/commune develop DRM plans based on the update situation/risks. • Implement and monitor the DRM plan more effectively. Implementation Institutions PCDM, DCDM, CCDM, and SWP. Illustrative Activities • Assess district/commune disaster risks. • Strengthen provincial, district and commune capacity to develop DRM plans for high risk areas. • Establish province/district disaster risk management system. • Develop and conducts disaster preparedness exercises. • Document experiences and lessons learn from the previous disaster risk experiences. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Priority districts/communes identified based on disaster risk assessments. • Updated commune DRM plans of all target communes in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Implement updated DRM plans more effectively at commune, district and village level. • Minimized the impact of Disaster risks in the Stung Chinit River Basin. • Improved capacity of provincial, district and commune people to develop and implement proper DRM plans and implement it more effectively. Implementation Risks N/A S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 4 Action 4.1 Strengthen local capacity for disaster risk management (DRM) Sub 4.1.1 Strengthen district/commune capacity to develop DRM plans Cost US$409,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding sources CIF, DIF, NCDM, PCDM, and ADB. Action 4.1 Strengthen local capacity for disaster risk management (DRM) Sub 4.1.2 Identify and conduct mitigation actions to reduce disaster risks Description This activity will focus on the identification of actions to be taken by districts and communes to reduce disaster risks. Objectives General Specific objectives District and communes implement priority actions to reduce vulnerability to disaster risks. • Improve understanding of communities on related disaster risks and local coping mechanisms. • Local governments and communities engage and participate in implementing priority intervention. Implementation Institutions NCDM, PCDM, DCDM, CCDM, and ADB. Illustrative Activities 1. Identify priority interventions to reduce disaster risks. 2. Create awareness of vulnerabilities and need to implement interventions to reduce disaster risks. 3. Implement interventions to reduce risks based on DRM plans. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of interventions identified to reduce risks. • Number of interventions taken by district/communes to reduce disaster risks. • Number of people participating in the DRM awareness raising. • Number of local people/volunteers mobilized and participated in DRM intervention activities. • Reduced disaster risks in the local communities. • Prevented any disaster risks that may be happening in the villages. • Provided on time information to the communities. Implementation Risks Implementation of small-scale infrastructure does not comply with environmental compliance and construction or retrofits does not meet engineering standards. Cost US$261,000 S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 5 Action 4.1 Strengthen local capacity for disaster risk management (DRM) Sub 4.1.2 Identify and conduct mitigation actions to reduce disaster risks Project Duration 48 months Potential Funding Sources CIF, DIF and funding sources from NCDM, PCDM, DCDM, and ADB Action 4.2 Strengthen preparedness, response and recovery from droughts and floods Sub 4.2.1 Improve information systems and early warning communications Description Coordinate disaster risk reduction initiatives in the basin to better disseminate information better and faster to residents. Objectives General Specific objectives • Build up local people’s capacity to manage disaster related risk in their villages. • Provide timely, relevant, and accurate information for residents to use their disaster risk management skills. • Better understand how residents responded to disasters in the past so they can better respond in the future. • Establish centrally located information centers/screens to provide disaster risk warnings at the village level and SMS services for individuals. • Improve information sharing mechanisms from local - provincial level. Implementation Institutions MOWRAM, PDWRAM, PDAFF, Kampong Thom PCDM, and 11 CFs, CFi, and 12 FWUCs. Illustrative Activities 1. Perform a desk review of available materials and disseminate to communities 2. Strengthen the response and rehabilitation: a. Improve DRR information report to local authorities via exiting phone number 1294. b. Responses: resources, materials, and safe areas c. Rehabilitation: seeds, capital to invest on farming, infrastructure repairing or rebuilding. 3. Install information center in the potential locations (warning purposes) 4. Install and promote the use of mobile SMS 1294 early warning communication for flooding at local level based on flow levels warning systems. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of people trained on information systems or early warning network. • Number of information centers/screens installed to display • Increased access to knowledge on disaster risk management and early warning. • Increased number of local communication tools to inform and S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 6 Action 4.2 Strengthen preparedness, response and recovery from droughts and floods Sub 4.2.1 Improve information systems and early warning communications disaster related warnings warn the public. Implementation Risks Intermittent functionality of communication networks for early warning systems. Cost US$251,000 Project Duration 60 months Potential Funding Sources CIF, DIF, NCDM, PCDM, and ADB Action 4.2 Strengthen preparedness, response and recovery from droughts and floods Sub 4.2.2 Strengthen disaster response and recovery Description Review existing disaster response and recovery protocols at the commune/district level and strengthen the process. Objectives General Specific objectives Improve the effectiveness of existing disaster response and recovery processes in the target communes. • Build on the existing response, strengthen and enhance the processes and/actions Implementation Institutions PDORD, districts and communes, and PCDM. Illustrative Activities 1. Develop protocols and establish a process for shock response 2. Deploy teams as needed for shock response and recovery Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Continue to prepare disaster response and recovery review report. • Update protocols and/process of disaster risk response and recovery. • On time response and recovery actions to any disasters and shock • To be ready to prevent any disaster risks in the basin, Implementation Risks Protocols and processes not well adopted at the commune level. Cost US$185,000 Project Duration 48 months S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 7 Action 4.2 Strengthen preparedness, response and recovery from droughts and floods Sub 4.2.2 Strengthen disaster response and recovery Potential Funding Sources CIF, DIF, NCDM, PCDM, and ADB S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 8 INSTITUTIONAL Action 5.1 Strengthen the capacity of the SC-RBMC Secretariat and member institutions Sub 5.1.1 Staff and operationalize the RMBC Secretariat Description Recruit RMBC Secretariat Staff and support the operationalization of the Secretariat office. Objectives General Specific objectives Secretariat fully staffed and operating. • Establish a permanent Secretariat office. • Secretariat fully equipped to perform its functions. Implementation Institutions RMBC Illustrative Activities 1. Support SC-RBMC Secretariat office administration, coordination and operation. 2. Recruit/assign Secretariat staff. 3. Improve secretariat staff capacity through trainings, seminars and exchange of experiences and lessons learned from other RBMCs inside and outside Cambodia. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • One office established. • Secretariat fully staffed. • Communications, M&E and Financial/Administration specialists hired or assigned under the Secretariat. • Number of trainings performed. • RMBC Secretariat staff with capacity to perform their functions. Implementation Risks Lack of funds and/or qualified staff. Cost US$214,000 Project Duration 12 months Potential Funding Sources Provincial departments and partial funding from donors. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 5 9 Action 5.1 Strengthen the capacity of the SC-RBMC Secretariat and member institutions Sub 5.1.2 Develop capacity of RMBC member institutions Description Conduct capacity building of member institutions through targeted training and field visits. Objectives General Specific objectives Strengthen RMBC member institutions to plan, implement and monitor water security interventions. • Member institutions equipped with decision support tools. • District and communes incorporate water security risk reduction activities in their annual development plans. Implementation Institutions SC-RBMC members Illustrative Activities 1. Conduct a capacity building needs assessment. 2. Implement capacity building. 3. Train provincial, district, and commune representatives on the importance of water security and how to include water security activities in annual commune/district development plans. 4. Conduct field visit to explore and learn from activities upstream, midstream and downstream for the SC-RBMC key members, as well as visits to other RBMCs within Cambodia. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of RMBC member institutions with improved capacity to oversee priority actions in the basin. • Number of training and awareness events using tools and games. • Capacity of the SC-RBMC Secretariat and member institutions strengthened. Implementation Risks N/A Cost US$242,000 Project Duration 48 months Potential Funding Sources RMBC and SWP Action 5.2 Improve data collections systems Sub 5.2.1 Improve meteorological and hydrometric monitoring Description Upgrade the meteorological and hydrometric network at the Stung Chinit River S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 6 0 Action 5.2 Improve data collections systems Sub 5.2.1 Improve meteorological and hydrometric monitoring Basin for use in decision support systems. Objectives General Specific objectives Enhanced monitoring of hydrometeorological variables supporting water management. • Enhanced meteorological and hydrometric network. • Data analytics supporting water management decisions. Implementation Institutions RMBC and PDWRAM. Illustrative Activities 1. Assess gaps in meteorological and hydrometric monitoring systems. 2. Rehabilitate or install new gauge stations where needed. 3. Perform a needs assessment for data collection and management for provincial departments, build capacity based on results, and help establish systems/programs, if needed. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of meteorological and hydrometrics stations functioning in the basin • Number of water quality parameters measured annually and shared with stakeholders • Knowledge of the status and trends of water parameters improved and used in decision support systems Implementation Risks Operation and maintenance and overall sustainability of hydrometeorological infrastructure. Cost US$255,000 Project Duration 48 months Potential Funding Sources PDWRAM and international donors. Action 5.2 Improve data collections systems Sub 5.2.2 Develop water quality monitoring program Description Implement a water quality testing in the basin and reporting of status and trends in water quality. Objectives General Specific objectives Enhanced knowledge of water quality throughout the basin. • Water quality program in place. • Periodic reporting of water quality status. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 6 1 Action 5.2 Improve data collections systems Sub 5.2.2 Develop water quality monitoring program Implementation Institutions PDWRAM and RMBC. Illustrative Activities 1. Report on water quality status and trends. 2. Develop a water quality testing program for the basin. 3. Train local officers to carry out the water quality testing and monitoring program. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of PDWRAM staff trained on field water quality collection and analysis. • Number of water quality parameters collected. • Number of water quality reports published and share annually. • RMBC and relevant member institutions able to conduct water quality testing and analysis. Implementation Risks Commitment of the RMBC and member institutions to perform and report water quality tests. Cost US$170,000 Project Duration 48 months Potential Funding Sources RMBC and SWP Action 5.3 Develop a communications and knowledge management system Sub 5.3.1 Develop a database for the basin Description Compile and develop a data base for the basin. Objectives General Specific objectives Database created and updated frequently with information from RMBC institutions. • Database created informs performance indicators of the SAP. • Updated database useful for enhanced water security assessments. Implementation Institutions SC-RBMC and PDWRAM. Illustrative Activities 1. Collect existing data from relevant institutions such as PDoE (Climate Change), Provincial Committee Disaster Management as well as update analysis on climate change projections for the basin. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 6 2 Action 5.3 Develop a communications and knowledge management system Sub 5.3.1 Develop a database for the basin 2. Establish a database system for SC-RBMC to record and manage relevant data as well as to share with other stakeholders if needed. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Data availability assessment. • Latest land use and demographic data compiled. • Historical hydrometeorological data compiled and reviewed for reliability. • Basin database established and managed by the Secretariat. Implementation Risks Barriers on data sharing and significant gaps on data. Cost US$101,000 Project Duration 36 months Potential Funding Sources RMBC, PDWRAM, and donors Action 5.3 Develop a communications and knowledge management system Sub 5.3.2 5.3.2 Increase communications Description This sub-action will focus on developing protocols and improving communications on water security issues throughout the basin. Objectives General Specific objectives Enhance communications throughout the basin. • Improve cross-agency and department communication protocols for data sharing. • Establish and use different platform for communications including social media. Implementation Institutions SC-RMBC Illustrative Activities 1. Develop protocol or system to increase/simplify cross-agency and department data collection and sharing. 2. Establish a platform for sharing reports and regular postings on SC-RBMC updates (e.g., Facebook page). Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • Number of protocols and • Provincial departments, districts and S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 6 3 Action 5.3 Develop a communications and knowledge management system Sub 5.3.2 5.3.2 Increase communications communications platforms used to disseminate information. communes sharing information. • Basin inhabitants receiving basin related communications through different platforms. Implementation Risks Potential barriers on sharing information among departments. Cost US$71,000 Project Duration 48 months Potential Funding Sources Provincial departments and SC-RMBC Action 5.4 Promote gender and social inclusion (GESI) Sub 5.4.1 Mainstream GESI throughout SC-RMBC institutions Description Improve the integration of GESI into all aspects of the SC-RBMC, especially the SAP. Objectives General Specific objectives Make GESI a priority issue for the SC-RBMC and its operations. • Create a strategy to improve the equitability of designing and implementing priority water security actions. • Promote GESI as a cornerstone of water security improvement in the basin. Implementation Institutions SC-RBMC, District Consultative Committee on Children and Women (DCCCW), PDWA, and COWS. Illustrative Activities 1. Develop a GESI strategy. 2. Promote gender equity among SC-RBMC and implement the GESI strategy. 3. Connect SC-RBMC with larger gender network to more widely promote GESI throughout the basin. Expected Results Outputs Outcomes/Impact • 1 GESI strategy. • 1 GESI Task Force. • Number of institutions and actions mainstreaming gender and social inclusion (GESI). • Priority water security actions are implemented according to GESI standards. • GESI improvement in the basin is a measured outcome. S t r a t e g i c Ac t i o n P l a n f o r t h e S t u n g C h i n i t R i v e r B a s i n , C a m b o d i a P a g e 6 4 Action 5.4 Promote gender and social inclusion (GESI) Sub 5.4.1 Mainstream GESI throughout SC-RMBC institutions • Number of GESI partners engaged. Implementation Risks GESI does not become a priority issue. Cost US$76,000 Project Duration 48 months Potential Funding Sources TSA and donors