National Strategic Plan on Green Growth 2013-2030

4.1. Goal ............................................................. ................. ........... ...................... ............................. 2

4.2. Objectives ............................................................... ................................ .................................. .2 5. Strategic Framwork........................................................................ .... ............................................ ............ 2

5.1. Str3tegic Analysis ......................................................................... .................... ....... ........... ....... 2

5.2. Strategic Direction and Strategy ........................................... ........................ ... .......................... 3 1. Green Investment and Green Jobs Creation ............................................................................ .4 2. Green Economy Management to Balance with Environment. ..... .... ...... ........ . . ............. 6 3. Blue Economy Development with Sustainability................................................................. 10 4. Green Environment and Natural Resources Management. ..... ...... . . ...... .... .................... 11 5. Human Resources Development and Green Education ................... .. .............. ...... .. .. .. 18 6. Effective Green Technology Management. ....................................... ...................... 19 7. Promotion of a Green Social Safery System ...... .... . ....... .. . .... ........... ... .....................20 8. Uphold and Protection of Green Culturai Heritage and National Jdentity . .. .... ........... ........ 21 9. Good Governance on Green Growth ... . ....... . .... . ...... .. ...... .. . ... . .. ....... ........ .. ... . ..... .. 23 6. Activities .......... ............... ................................................... .... ........... ....................................................... 26

6.1. Institutional Structure ............................................................................................................... 26

6.2. Develop;ng Legal Framework ................. .................................. .... ........... ................ ... ....... ... 26

6.3. Green Growth action plan ......................................... .. . ....... . ... ... .. ........... .. ..... 26 7. Financail Resources ..................................... ............... .... .. .............................................. ............. ..... ...... 32 8. Monitoring and Evaluation ...................................................................................... .............................. .32 9. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ ....... ............... .32 ANNEX ........... ...... ......... ................................................. ........................................................................ .33 .GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................... .............. ...........................48 . 1. Introduction The Kingdom of Cambodia adopted and has been implementing Law on Allowing the Kingdom of Cambodia a membership to an Agreement on the establishment of the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), Royal Decree on the Preparation and Functioning of the National Council on Green Growth (NGGG) and Sub-decree on the Preparation and Functioning of General Secretariat for Green Growth (GSGG) of National Council on Green Growth (NCGG) This NCGG becomes a fundamental mechanism in contribution to the implementation of the Global Green Economy P rinciples focus ing on environment protection, economic development and poverty reduction approved by the United Nations in Rio+20 Conferences in Brazi l in June 2012. Today, Cambodia takes the lead and is a role model in terms of green growth in the ASEAN countries, Asia- Pacific countries and member countries of the GGGI. In a global framework based on the 1992 Rio Earth Summit in Brazil, the sustainable development principles were set out; the Rio+ 10 Earth Summ it in 2002 in Scuth Africa provided thl! sustainable development action plan and the Rio+20 Earth Summit in 20 I 2 in Brazil establ ished a new principle foc using on green growth with attention to the core environmental protection for development and poverty eradication. At the Rio+20 Earth Summit in 2013, the Kingdom of Cambodia signed t:1 e Agreement on the Establishment of a Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) converted into an international organization, along with other 16 signatory member countries and nowadays there are 18 member countries and this organization is a mechanism for implementing a decision on "The Future We Want" of the United Nations. Green growth principles foc us on four pillars, namely economy, environment, society, ~nd culture to promote green growth, public health, quality of environment, people's livelihocds, and uphold of a national cultural identity. In order to implement the principles, the NCGG, with the general secretariat as a direct assisting institution, prepares legal formalities, policies, strategic plan, action plan, and programs on green growth for mainstreaming into the National Strategic Develcpment Plan. In Cambod ia, the RGC regards green growth as a win-win approach for sustainable economic growth moving towards a developed country in the future. At this stage, the RGC has prepared the National Strategic P lan on Green Growth 20 I 2-2030 to boost Cambod ian economy towards a green economy focusing on efficient use of natural resources, environmental sustainab ility, green jobs, green technology, and economic reform, placing more c0nsideratior1 int0 green incentives, such as green tax, green fnance, mo!"e importa:itly green creci'it, gretn microfinance, and green investment, based on the succeE.:s of the RG C's Win-Win policy and the most 1. . successful experience on sustainable socio-economic development in the implem entation of the Rectangular Strategy, all of which mainly contributes to global green economy at the same time of maintaining environmental quality, enhancement of public health, and promotin g a social safety system towards building a low carbon emission society. 2. Vision The National Strategic Plan (NSP) is envisaged to develop sustainab le economy, together with environmental, social and cultural sustainability fo r poverty alleviation. 3. Mission This National Strategic P lan has a mission to promote, enhance and ens ure effective implementation of green growth through mainstreaming green process and progress. 4. Goal and Objectives

4.1. Goal The National Strategic Plan aims at green growth, ensurin g politic stab il ity and macroeconomic stabil ity to reach a status of a developed country.

4.2. Objectives Thl; National Strategic P lan is to promote a national economy wi th growth stabil ity, reduction and prevention of environmental pollution, safe ecosystem, poverty reduction, and promotion of public health serv ice, educational quality, natural resources management, and sustainable land use and water resources management to increase energy efficiency, ensuring food safety and glorify 1he national cul ture. 5. Strategic Framework The National Strategic Plan provides orientation to relevant ministries/institutions, authorities at sub- national levels, the private sector, civll society and stakeholders fo r efficiency of green growth wi th balance among economy, environment, society and cu lture, aiming at poverty eradication nationwide. This key success strategy relies on duty fulfi llme1~t of relevant institutions with support, participation and close cooperation from all concerned parties, including the public, the private sectcrs, civi l society and general public.

5.1. Strategic Analysis Cl imate Change issue refers to a glob2l warming, increase :n temperature; heat wave, drought, sea level rise, increase in sal inity, shortage of fre:; h water, icy melting, fl ood, arid so il, soi l degradation, worn-o ut of 2 soil fertilizer, and human activities and natural disasters posing maj or concerns and cha llenges, such as insecurity of food, energy, economic and financial, social instability and a loss of ecological balance fo r both the developed and developing countries, as well as the whole world. For both key issues if in case of no appropriately common solutions applied, the Planet Earth cannot support lives of existing human beings, animals and plants, es pecial!y an increase in the world population, which is totally about more than 7000 million now, and wi ll increases to about 8000 million in 2050. The analysis shows that adverse impacts from excessive potential use of natural resources, due to the growing population, which increases the highest demands fo r these resources. Industrial growth a lso exerts strong pressure on envi ronment that causes imbalance between economic growth, and natural resources conservation, especially biodiversity, forest, fi shery, water resource, mines, and land. If this issue cannot be solved, there will be more environmental problems, such as water pollution, arid and degraded soil productivity, ozone layer destruction, extinction of species, plant damage, storms, fl ood, drought, and extreme climate conditions, which widens a social gap, thereby posing threats to the entire human race and any development of any country in the world. Solutior.s to these problems require good cooperation between the developed countries and developing countries on sharing, protection , conservation of scarcities, and natural resources with one another in order to fulfill the current needs a11d leave them for the next generations to come. We act together to ma ke a sustainable development concept come true in terms of development for all and for the next generations in which green growth is a concrete way, based on four pi llars, namely economy, environment, society, and culture to achieve susta;nabie development gcals, especialiy creating harmonization amongst the four pillars, thus bringi ng about so,;ioeconomic growth, quality of iife, health, prosperous livelihoods of the people, and good green environment moving towards Green Civilization. In order to contribute to the protection and preservation of the Planet Ea~h with sustainability, the Kingdom of Cambodia established the 20 IO National Green Growth Roadmap for sustainable environment, creation of social frate rnity, economic development and enhancement of national identity value. More thar. thi s, the country a lso established a national green growth mechanism, which is National Council on Greer! Growth for setting up a strategic di rection of sustainable development.

5.2. Strategic Direction and Strategy Preparation and implementation of the National Strategic Plan to respond to green growth principles require active participation of the public sector, the private sector, civi l society, and publ ic towards effecti ve green growth with halarrcc among economy, e11v:ronmeat, society and cuiture. ') J The Royal Government of Cambodia adheres to a Win-Win green approach among economy, environment, society, and culture, determining green growth strategies to maintain political and macroeconomic stability with sustainability, transparency, accountability, equity, justice and green opportunities. The National Strategic Plan on Green Growth 2013-2030 needs to improve green growth by focusing on a strategic direction, including: I. Green Investment and Green Jobs Creation 2. Green Economy Management in balance with Environment 3. Blue Economy Development with Sustainability 4. Green Environment and Natural Resources Management 5. Human Resources Development and Green Education 6. Effective Green technology Management 7. Promotion of a Green Social Safety System 8. Uphold and Protection of Green Cultural Heritage and N ational Identity 9. Good Governance on Green Growth 1. Green Investment and Green Jobs Creation The Royal Government of Cambodia provides a green job opportunity through develop1nent and use of green technology, including enhancement of green investment. Green investment refers to both technical and financial investments in all sectors to ensure ellvironmental impact reduction, and natural resources, alike, and in turn, it helps improve quality of environment, eccsystem preservation, biodiversity conservation, reduction of energy and natural resource uses, and reduction of carbon emission and environmental pollution. Green jobs include green agriculture, green industry, green trade, green infrastructure and transports, green tourism, green energy, green construction and building, green telecommunication, green research and green sectoral development, green ski ll and technique, green design, green workplace, green market, green product advertisement, green product sale, and green service, as well as green finance procurement. All green products, green serv ices and green finar.ce markets require encouragement of the private sector investment on green &[!,riculture, green industry, green infrastructure, green building and construction, gr~en tourism, green trade, green banking system, and green finance including green tax and green technology. Green agriculture encourages all the private sectors and farmers to use organ ic natural fertilizers, reduction of agricultural pesticides, and chemical substances, and systematic crop intensification and promote raising further awareness about green technology for agriculture. 4 Green industry encourages use of renewable energy, energy-saving and efficiency, and effective use of raw resources, including production of industrial products with high quality. Green trade encourages supply and purchase of green products and green product demonstration/display, relevant investment, and transferring and changing technologies for green production and green markets. Green infrastructure and green transports, especially all green physical infrastructures are encouraged to reduce environmental impacts and ensure reduction of adverse impacts on environment from infrastructure. Green transports are encouraged not to pollute environment. Green tourism refers to successful practices of 'a clean city, clean resort, and good serv ice principle.' Green building and construction are encouraged to be based on renewable energy, energy saving and energy efficiency, water saving, and environmental beauty. Green energy is encouraged to use green technology that provides energy efficiency, especially renewable energy. Green telecommunication is encouraged to be based on a technological system, which poses no harm to public health and environment. Green Investment and Green Jobs Creation shall have the strategies as follows:

1.1. Encourage investors to take green growth into account and create jobs with green t\!chnology use. Attracting green investors to invest in green agriculture, green industry, green trade, green infrastructure and transports, green tourism, green energy, green construction and building, green telecommunication, green research and sectoral development, green skills and technologies, green design, green workplace, green market, green product advertisement, green product sale, and green service, as well as green finance procurements at national and sub-national levels through encouraging green cities, villages, communes and green credit, finance and tax. Mainstreaming green growth into fornncial, banking and economic syst~ms. Issuing green certificates to companies, enterprises, hotels, restaurants, organizations, financial institutions, investment banks, and commercial banks that help maiP.tain environment and effective use of natural 11.!sources, especially µosi:1g no adverse ~ffect on society and environment. Promoiing g~een tn:de and industries by using green technology. Encouraging a legal entity that achieves green championship through green gift, green flag, and green award equipment, green certificates of acknowledgement, and other green medals of merit/honor. 5

1.2. Investment in Efficient Use of Natural Resources Implementing an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (EIA) principle for business and investment related to natural resources. Mainstreaming a sustainable production and consumption framework into investment projects related to natural resources use. Having Reasonable pricing for natural production factors . Enhancing efficient use of natural resources and waste management by implementing a Polluter Payer principle. Using a principle of reducing, reusing, and recycling (3R) m the investments using natural resources and other resources.

1.3. Effective Management of Finance in the Public and Private Sector Promoting and enhanc ing financial reform management of the public and private sector by implementing a good governance principle, especially transparency, accountability, and responsibi lity. Budgeting for the public and private sector to implement programs and pilot green projects at national and sub-national leveis. Allocating budget to the concerned sectors for effective green growth . Promoti!-1g the public and private sector's budget expenses to lu~ve transparency, accountability, and effectiveness, according to the developmental sectors to reach national green growth goals. M onitoring, allocating, and using budget of the public and private sector to ensure effective national green growth. Preparing a green environmental accounting fci.:ndation for national and sub-national green growth. Training on green environmental accounting foundation. Mainstreaming green environmental accounting foundation into a national accounting system to record national revenue from green environment, use of natural resources and ecosystem services. Fol!owing up and Mon;toring accounting and finance related to green growth. 2. Green Economy Managemeut in Balance with Environment Evolution of 1:1e world economic system, especially for the current economic: development is us ing the er:vironmen t field as a core base of the country's susta inable deveiopment. According to the 201 2 decision on ' The Future We Want' of the United Nations, green economy is recognized as a funclamental means and an economic statecraft to achieve global sustainable development goals and poverty eradication goal in developing cou ntries. Green economy refers the economic growth at the same time _of sustainlible environment thai makes progress and sociai fraternity, and improve quality o f life and green j ob 6 opportunity for people nationwide via green growth, heavily relying on earth's ecological preservation for the Planet Earth to have sustainability in balance with its life carrying capacity. It is important for a green economy to focus on economic development, environment sustainability, green work, green technology and economic reform by further cor.sidering green encouragement, especially green taxes, green finance, green credit and green micro-macro finance, which serves as the bas is of a stable macro-economy contributing to poverty reduction and sustainable development. Developing countries, like Cambodia, will become a developed country by adhering to a green economy principle and stance, which is a catalyst to promote a comprehensively economic system reform, especially econom ic policy reform to address green growth that plays an important role in the country's current economic development and in the future with sustainable environment and poverty reduction in consistence with RGC's goal on poverty reduction by one percent per year. Green growth principles, along with a green economy include: 1. Sustainable use of raw materials and natural resources, 2. green technology, including techniques for reducing, reusing, and recycl ing (-3Rs), 3. Environmental quality refers to quality of products and services with no pollution of water, land, air, forestry, fishery, biodiversity, and ecosystem, 4. Low waste emission, 5. Renewable energy and energy efficiency that makes efficient production and use of energy with low cost based on a modernized techn ology and green technol ogy, 6. Economical water and energy usage, 7. Green micro and macro finance, s uch as green credit, which helps protect environment and keep ecosystem in safety, 8. Low carbon emission economy development refers to climate change adaptation and climate resilience, 9- Green taxes, such as tax for environmental pollution reduction, tax on solid and liquid disposals and tax on use of natural resources, including environmental protection services a;id payment for environmental services. All the nine principles are recogn ized as green economy principles, which are used as an economic ba~e to develop indicators for measuring implementation progress and transitional conditions of a greeu economy. The Green Economy Management in balance with Environment shall have the strategies as follnws:

2.1. Green Fiscal Management Preparing legal formalities, green economy policies to ensure economic growth, environmental quality, quality of life, people's health and ecological safety. Preparing green tax categories in line with green growth principles. Using Green tax as an incentive tool for green growth in all relateJ developmental sectors. Developing indicators to show green economy growth, based on green growth µrin ci ples. Preparing an effective management mechanism in transition to a green economy. Improving quality of efficient economic development through increas ing in production anc:! product quantity based on technique anci green technology that uses few raw materials and fewer resources in production chain and cycle. Mainstreaming green growti1 ·princ iples into National Strategic Development Plan and relevant development areas into naticnal and sul:,-national f.!vels. Transforming a traditional economy system into a green economy to be effectively integrated, consistent and adaptive between economy and ecological system. Building an effective green infrastructure through green economy planning. Offering a green commercial opportunity. Improving health of women, children, youths, people with disabilities, farmers, indigenous people, the elderly, and community through green economy growth and a green social safety system. Promoting economic development with low carbon emission. Well-functioning of green economy markets and effectiveness relying on green reasonable market pricing, reasonable raw materials and reasonable end-user products in line with green international economy principles and a globalized green economy. Promoting participation in implementation of green economy principles from all relevant ministries, institutions and development partners at sub-national and national, regional, international, and worldwide levels. Promoting cooperation on a green economy from all relevant ministries, institutions, and development partners at sub-national and national, regional, international, and worldwide levels.

2.2. Management of Green Monetary Policy Preparing legal fonnalities and green monetary policy. Mainstreaming green growth principles into financing and banking systems. Preparing procedures and green procurement management. Preparir.g credit schemes - green loan based on green growth principles in financial firms, micro financial institutions and National Bank of Cambodia to enhance a g reen economy at national and sub-national level s. Preparing a green serv ice system through autonomous machines for withdrawing and depositing money in financial institutions and banks. Establishing a green infrastructure in the financial, and banking sector by using green technology, green building and green spaces. Using a green technical system to manage accounting operational system management and financial flow in <.:onsistence with green growth principle. Creating a favorably enabling environment of financial firms, financial institutions, and National Bank of Car:1bodia to improve access to green finance at national and sub-national levels. Promoting fini!nciai market to have green characteristics, especial ly raw material cost and unprocessed products, reasonable and stabk· price, to be balanced w ith economic growth stability, ecosystem safety, financial welfare and quality of life. Encouraging the public, private sectors and all the people to use a financial system and green baPkS. 8· Reducing poverty nationwide through the provision of financing services, green banking, and green products, such as clean financial operation, financial skills, green banks, green services, and interest rate for environmental quality initiated by financial companies, financial institutions, commercial banks, public banks and National Bank of Cambodia.

2.3. Management of Payment for Environmental Services Developing policy and legal formalities to pay for environmental protection services. Preparing green endowments funds to be allocated for green growth in the Kingdom of Cambodia in accordance w ith financial law. Promoting productivity of ecological services in the protected areas, the conservation areas, the preserved areas and the coastal areas. Reinforcing practices of green growth principles in the protected areas, conservation areas, preserved areas and coastal areas to increase payment for ecosystem services for ecological protection serving as an ecological base for water sources protection, watersheds, wetland, natural resources, and biodiversity conservation, as well as curbing development activities posing environmental damage and pollution. Us:ng a system of payment for ecosystem services as an encouraging tool for local communities and all stakeholders in contribution to the protection and preservation of natural resources with sustainability. Increasing carbon storage capacity throu gh a mechanism of payment for ecosystem services, based on green growth principles. Mainstreaming a system of payment for ecosystem services, based on green growth principles. Attracting carbon markets through implementation of a system of payment for ecosystem services, based on green growth principles in the protected areas, the conservation areas, the preserved areas anc! the coastal areas at national and sub-national levels. Coordinating the zoning to classify them into the areas for productivity of environmental protection services, such as the community development zone, the forest protected areas, watersheds, and the protected community areas. Integrating the green agriculture into the forest protected areas, watersheds, the protected comrr,unity areas, and ecoiogical protection fund to support agricultural development in the targeted areas, and improve people's livelihoods.

2.4. Effective Reve!lue-Expenditure Management Increasing national revenue through the implementation of green growth and green economy principles according to the developmental sectors. Recording revenue-expenditure for economic activities, commerce, and finance through a green accounting approach, based on green growth and gri~en economy principles. 9 Promoting the private and public and general people's expenses on green technology, green financial markets, system of payment for ecosystem services, green products and green services. Monitoring revenue-expenses for both the private and public sectors for the effectiveness of a green economy and poverty reduction. 3. Blue Economy Development with Sustainability In Cambodia's sea, there are small and large islands located in the provinces of Koh Kong, Preah Sihanouk, Kam pot, and Kep, and some of the islands are ecotourism development areas and the harboring areas for fi shmongers and researchers, as well as the crossing paths o f large ship passengers. In water, there are fish, plants, carols, mangroves, the submerged trees, mosses, and biodiversity species, and at the sea bottom there are fuel fossils and gas. Development at the sea is an important part to foster a national economy through commercial activities, water course transportation, sea port construction, ecotourism development at the island, coastal tourism attraction, exploration and extraction of fuel fossils and gas mines, fi shing, and other development posing no pollution to the environment of the sea. The Blue Economy Development with Sustainability shall have the following strategies:

3.1. Blue Economy Management and Development Coordinating wi th relevant naticmal and international institutions to strengthen blue economy development in balance with environment and society at the marine areas. Managing natural resources of the sea, coastiine areas and marine ecosystem for safety, and sustainability by continuing to strengthen management and cc,nservation of wetland and watersheds, coastline, and the protected areas at the sea. Conserving and using marir.e natural resources with sustai!1ability to help reduce poverty of the people, stabilize economy growth, food security and sustainable livelihoods. Therefore, the RGC has to protect and restore marine environment and marine ecosystem for national socio-er;onomic benefits. Studying and assessing any impacts on marine natural resources, caused by developmental projects . Managing marine pollution, including management of waste disposals, plastic disposal, organic pollutants, hea·1y metals and liquid waste discharge to protect the m,irine health, and marine biodiversity. 10

3.2. Monitoring on Marine Pollutants Promoting observation and inspection on quality of sea water with acid substance to protect a marine ecosystem easily exposed to vulnerability, and the community fisheries, living on these resources. Supporting and encouraging scientists to conduct researche.5 on marine pollutants and preserve quality of sea water. Identifying factors causing impacts and reducing the impacts on economy, society, environment, and culture, especially on the people living on the islands, due to over-fishing and fishery overexploitation, and pollution to biodiversity, coral species and mangroves.

3.3 Ensuring Marine Food Security Increasing yield of fish stock to a maximum and marine aquaculture to support sufficient food supply in order to address green grov.1h goals in the short term. Identifying strategies in capacity building for conservation and sustainable environment management for the benefits of the people as fishmongers.

3.4. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission and Climate Change Adaptation Studying, researching and conducting analysis of climate change leading to sea level rise and coastal soil erosion, severe threats to marine areas and islands, especia lly people living in the islands, who will encounter chalienges. Therefore, it is important to learn about disasters arising from climate change and marine pollutants. Enhancing the use of renewable energy, such as energy produced by wind fo rce and sea wave, and ... -reducing carbon low emission in the blue economy development. Preparing beforehand for prevention and protection against disasters at the sea, equip tools and provide timely information on natural disasters and other disasters to the island inhabitar.ts, traders and other businesspersons at the sea through techniques for climate change ada;:itation. 4. Green Environment and Natural Resources Management The RGC's r:rnnagement of green environment and natural resources is to focus on clean development, non-pollution to water quality, soil qua!ity, air quality, as well as sustaina'Jle management of fores try, fishery and water resources to enhance !ivelihoods and pul:iic ,vellbeing of the people, which is the main factor to boost a green economy in balance with environmental, social and cultural sustainability. 11 The Management of green environment and natural resources shall have the strategies as follows:

4.1. Green Agriculture, Food Security, Food Safety and Hygiene: The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has been very successfu l in poverty reduction and dealing with malnutrition, due to political stability and economic growth in the past decades, especially recently economic growth depending on main areas, such as agriculture, agro-industry construction, exports of garment apparels and tourism . Cambodia is vulnerable to climate change and the RGC's strategic plans are orientated to improve sustainable food security, especially individual household 's food security to enhance sustainability of economic growth. Food security and sanitation improvement to achieve the goal of green economy shall have some strategies as follows: Green agricu lture: activities of green agriculture are harmonized with development and environment requirements, such as increase in rice yield with no harm to environment that is one part of green agriculture. Therefore, RGC shall have plans to reduce chem ical usages of pesticide by encouraging the use of organic fertilizers, as well as promotion and encouragement for participation in one village one i:;roduct. Agricultural conservation: it is based on harmlessness to productive soi l quality by using composted fertilizers, land improvement, soil erosion reduction, labor utilities, shorter-time, and less gas usage, and machinery maintenance for better and longer use. The RGC has determined not to levy taxes on agricultu ral lands to help people gain high income, benefit from poverty reduction, and maintain tradition of sustainable farming. In this regard, farmers know how to process and manage their farming lands by growing rice and other crops to get yields in all year round of land usage. At the same time, food quality system control is developed and non -chemical-food producers are encouraged to use natural fertil izers and are provided with a green certificate of merit and green awards, etc. Ecological agricu ltun:: as Cambodia' agricu lture is vulnerable to climate change, the RGC shall create an ecolcgical agricultural :,y~tem for better food security for the long term. Implementation of an ecological agriculture system is to increase yields and decrease adverse impacts on environment.

4.2. Sustainable Water Resources M,rnagcment Water is one of the important resources for green growth in Cambodia and is necessary for agriculture, huma,1 resource development and conservation of ecosystem. Particularly, water management encounters some current cirnllenges such as serious difficulties faced by agricultural fields re!ated to green growth in need of annual and seasonal water supply, according to the regions in order to reduce natural disasters caused by water rising to max~imum lev1::ls. In Cambodia, water utility in industry is focused on the 12 importance of sanitation and liquid disposal treatment so as to maintain sustainably ecological system as well as to access to clean water and sanitation. In order to ensure water security and effective water management, the RGC has considered water policy as one of its prioritized policies in management of water and water resources, preservation of water quality and wetland protection and watersheds for sustainability of water supply, distributing to the needs of development, and conservation which is the balance of ecosystem and qualitative food sources. Policy and iaw on water resource management has attracted people's participate through creation of water user community, and water management mechanism at sub-national administration . Vision for water security refers to usage of water and water resources with equity, efficiency, and sustainability in order to ensure .clean water supply, and various water uses with quality for people, fa11T1ers, entrepreneurs, and general water users, based on the principle of water safety, adequacy of water resources, water quality, water sanitation and reasonable price. The research, study and analysis have shown that water management and water resources are extremely important to support life, ecosystem well-being, environment health, and socioeconomic growth and water area is facing challenges worldwide, especially lack of freshwater and drinking water, due to scarcities of freshwater usage and adverse impacts from natural disasters, including climate change, especially an increase in a global warning and drought that is threatening and putting high pressure on human and animal life and plants. As a hasis in ensuring sustainability of safe and qualitative water supply in Cambodia, it requires full participation from stakeholders of al! strata of life at national and sub-national levels, .including general users by strictly adhering lo poiicy and legal formalities related to water management and usage. The sustainable water resources management to achieve green growth goals shall embrace the following strategies: Building and improving water infrastructure w ith green characteristics for sustainable water supply to prevent and avoid flood at national and sub-national levels. Prnparing and building water reser,oirs, irrigation schemes and irrigation system to increase green agriculture, green industries and green trade resi lient to drought and adaptive to climate change as well as resilient to climate. Promoting water sources a,:d watersheds protection at national and sub-national levels. BJJild ing a ccmmon liq~id treatment reservoir ~t the municipality/pr0vincial to\vns. Managing water for water security, rhe RGC 11eeds to restore and reconstruct irr:gation schemes, based on soil for production and water supply and sanitation in response to the needs of the local community. Access to clean water and sanitation and expanding irrigation system for agriculturai sector help enhance management and storage of water in each region for farming more often per year, gaining high yields and generating more income contributing to poverty reduction of people in the rural areas. 13 Managing water for economic advancement, creation of an information management system and monitoring water use per sector is the core coordination for water user community that is needed in water management activities and is required to establish forecasting system and warning signs for natural disasters related to water, which is a part to reduce possible damages. Early warning and raising awareness of climate change and hazards to people can reduce risks to people while flooding and storm etc. Integrating ecosystem and water resources management and strengthening capacity of constructing wastewater treatment reservoirs and solid waste management are for protection and keeping value of ecosystem and natural resources conservation. Clean water is provided in the rural areas through digging well s and ponds; virus killing medicines; educatior.al training on sanitation.

4.3. Effective Management of Energy and Renewable Energy Cambodia economy will be increasing in the future, and mixed energies will also do so. Managing energy fo r green growth is to save energy and supply additionally mixed energies to build a Cambodian society to become a low carbon emission society reducing environmental impacts and avoid a financial crisis for end-users, especially people in the rural. Effective management of energy and renewable energy to achieve green growth goals shall have the following strategies: Having efficient fossil fuel consumption and natural gas usage for the long tenn can effectively provide supplies to huge towns and the RGC's improving efficient usage of electric ity-generating factories run by ccals for the long term shall reduce environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emission from these electricity factories. Promoting renewable energy in the rural areas: the RGC has to reinforce biomass utilities for the short term in the rural areas with a green growth village. In order to strengthen effectiveness of better energy supply at the r:.irai areas, it needs to increase natural waste management and composted fertilizers production for sustainable agricultu.e. Creating a green trade environment with regulations related to energy production is to be promoted to have competition over use of renewable energy, improvement of energy effeciency and green industry development.

4.4. Management ar.d Sustain:ible Land Usage Land is a naiural resot1rce servir,g for development process according to different needs cf human being and increase in population needs to expand land usage and needs land for town and rural constructions. In order to reinforce the successful strategy practices, competent ministries shall have plans for sustainable land use, agro-industry cropping, forestry management, management of the protected areas, establishment of forestry communities and protected areas communities, development planning, investment and the private sector development. Zoning identification is promoted for a basis of land use planning and identifying environmental management zone in the protected areas as well as studying natural potentials to create provincial protected areas. This strategy supports, promotes, and participates in implementation of the state land title registration programs in the protected areas, the coastal areas, the forest protected areas, the industry areas, tourism attraction areas, and various land uses for the public needs, which requires cooperation with relevant ministries/institutions and local authorities at all levels. The Royal Government of Cambodia has carried out "Old Policy New Action on Land" to achieve a principle of sustainable land use with a clear identification between economic land concession and private land use of the people, such as agricultural land and residential land, etc. Success in comprehensive land reforms of the RGC targets at working out even more clearly the farmer's land ownership, according to the RGC's slogan 'No Farmers without Land for Farming,' even clearer land distribution of land for crop plantation and rice paddy and economic land concession, agro- industry or other economic land concessions to encourage investors, the conserved forest land, and the maintained permanent forest land for collecting forest and non-timber forest products, as well as land allocation for social land concession for farmers more effectively. 4.4.1.Conservation, Management an<l Sustainable Use of Natural Resources In natural resources management, competent ministries/institutions shall prepare strategy and distribution plar.ning and identify management zones for natural resources protection, such as mines, forests, water and fisheries by balancing between conservation and development to enhance national economy and rural economy. Strengthening and promoting conservation of forest and biodiversity for serving economy and environmental services through implementation of CARBON CREDIT is a factor for green growth and participation in successful and highly effective implementation of management policies of fishery, forest, mines and energy.

4.4.2. Cambodia's Coastline Usage Cambodia has a 440 km coastline stretching along four provinces adjacent to the seaside, i.e. Koh Kong, Sihanouk ville, Kampot, and Kep. The Cambodian be!lches are the beautiful tourism sites wi th white sand, fresh air and comforts. Therefore, the Cambodian beaches were granted with a full-fledged membershi? to the world's most beautiful beach dubs on 26 May 2011 . Management of the coastal areas with sustainability to achieve green growth goals shall have strategies as follows: Managing solid and liquid waste shall be conducted in cooperation with relevant institutions, local authorities and people living near the beaches. Identifying marine areas for developmental and conservation goals . . . ]5 Preparing for use of shoreline to build infrastructure, residence, public and private buildings to serve tourism, including land usage for agriculture and industrial development, etc. Studying, assessing, and analyzing in more detail the activities along coastline, sea, marine tributaries, rivers, channels (next to the sea) and island. Managing marine water resources and other marine related resources. Raising awareness of green growth at the coastline and providing education about it to the public.

4.5. Conservation and Sustainable Fishery Management Law on Fishery 2006 and Policy on Fishery Resources Increas ing as well as relevant regulations have been effectively improved to maintain and increase freshwater and seawater fish. The Fishery Administration, in cooperation with rele vant ministries/institutions, especially sub-national administrations, has strengthened the governance of fishery resources management with participation from fishmongers through a fishing community. As fishery and biodiversity resources of both freshw?.ter and sea water are food source consisting of rich protein and necessary to support people's livelihoods and for expo:1s, the relevant ministries/institutions work together cooperatively to manage fisheri es, according to the fishery law and policy to maintain sustainability. Despite the existing laws and policies, the anarchy, illegal fishin g, illegal business and a destruction of natural resources still continue. Comprt:hens ive action of Deep Reform on the Fishery :;ector has increased natural fish stock, ensured food security, contributed to macroeconomic stability and helped organize the zoni ng for areas to be conserved, such as community fisheries, people's fishery zone, fi shery conserved area, and public fishery zone, as well as has enhanced responsibil ity of a sub-national administration in natural resources management. In accordance with this comprehensively Deep Fishery Reform, the Royal Government of Cambodia has recently decided to eliminate fishing iots to allow people to carry out family fishing and promote increase in fishery stocks, of which people can use these resources, being the owners.

4.6. Infrastructure Development and Green Transports Creating transports infnistructure ;s an important factor ii: Cambodia, due to many rr.aj,x chailenges difficult to be solved, such as traffic jams, lack of public transports, traffic law violation, lack of vehicle matriculation control along the reads, and shortage of a sidewalk space for ped·estrians along the rond leading to an increase in the polluting gas emission to the:. atmosphere. Therefore, in order to successfully implement this strategy, it is important to carry out some activities, such as green sidewalk space al location along the roads, ,re~ p lanting and forest conservmion, sharing of green · transports by using buses, electrically-run trains, renewable energy-run vehicles, and electrically-run bicycles and !6 motorcycles for travelling in towns. In addition, there shall be a regular analysis of gas emission from vehicles.

4.7. Green Tourism Development The Royal Government of Cambodia is strongly committed to promote effective and sustainable tourism development, largely depending on conditions of peace, political stability, social safety and green growth. In order to achieve green tourism strategy, it is important to promote Cambodia's cultural and natural tourism to become the worid class green tourism targets, including green tourism zones, green tourism services, green tourists, green food supply, green infrastructure development for serving the tourism field, green environment, green agriculture and industry products, and green transports in line with a slogan, 'Clean City, Clean Resort, Good Service.' Developing green tourism helps promote and attract more national and international visitors to visit cultural and natural tourism sites and have a longer stay, ascribed to the attractions of food products, accommodations, as well as green and comfortable infrastructures. Green tourism development to achieve green growth goals shall have the following strategies: Promoting tourism with positive potentials for a national economy. Organizing tourism development to cope with challenges from a financial crisis. · Expanding green tourism to create green jobs. Preparing for tourism development to foster a local economy and poverty reduction. Promoting eco-tourism and co!llmunity-based tcurism . Encouraging green tourism investments to help reduce expenses on the use of energy, water, waste, and maintain value of ecosystem and nat;onal heritage. Promoting tourism development in cities, based on the concept of"Clean City, Green City." Attracting tourists through green tourism development by improving product quality and tourism serv ices. Having involvement and support of the orivate sectors for green tourism. Having economic.: potential for green tourism, depe;,ding on small and med ium enterprises. Promoting practices of a strategic tourism development plan for green tourism. Encouraging the private sectors on green tourism. Encouraging tourists to be engaged in the green transports.

4.8. EnvironmeTttal Quality Improvement Quality of environment refers to environment with no pollution, such ac; quality of water, land and air, noise and vibration distraction, as well as all types of appropriate waste management. This includes quality of food and sustainable food supply that fulfill the needs of peopl~, as well as ecological welfare enhancement linked to the publi~ ·health through env ironment sanitation and food hygiene. 17 Enhancing environmental quality relies on management of rubbish, solid waste, and harmful waste, monitoring water pollution and air pollution, and the necessity for implementation in accordance with existing regulations to enhance effectiveness of rubbish management, solid waste and hazardous waste in the Kingdom of Cambodia for environmental quality protection and public health. The government shall adheres to a principle of reducing, recycling and reusing (3R) and a charging principle for the dischargers of more waste and for those polluting environment. At the same time, the government shall enhance effectiveness of air pollutant management, air pollution management, noise, and vibration distraction, and strengthen follow-up and monitoring these pollutions in the targeted areas. In order to contribute to enhancing environmental quality, development in both the public and private sector needs to take into account equipping factories/enterprises with a liquid waste treatment basin, constructing a waste storage basin from toilets in developmental zones, a treatment system for processing excrements into natural fertilizers, organizing landfill sites, constructing rubbish processing factories and organic waste in main towns, organizing medical disposal incinerators at the hospitals and installing small and medium clean water production factories within the town and main cities. 5. Human Resources Development and Green Education Human resources development is a main factor in effective green growth in Cambodia. The Royal Government of Cambodia faces challenges, such as lack of human resources related to green growth in both the public and private sectors and civil society. At the time of speedily growing development, this requires human resources with both quality and quantity to foster green growth. The human resources development and green education shall have the following strategi~s:

5.1. Promoting Green Growth in a Formal Systematic Education Creati:-1g green growth in a formal systematic education in educational institutes for al: levels to mainstream green growth m0re comprehensively for pupils 2nd students to become green ycuths at schools. Establishing educational institutes of green growth at national levels as attraction to investors, donors, development partners and member states of International Green Organizations to assist the Cambodian education sector in the area.

5.2. Promoting Green Growth in a Non-Systematic EcJuca(iou Conducting training on green growth in a non-systematic education to the public and private 5ectors, and in villages and corr.munes in order :o raise awareness of green growth to RGC's officers at national and sub-national leve ls to become green youths in ministries/institutions. Conducting training for youths and gender at villages and communes in order for them to become g:-ecn ycuth and green village youths, who are green ym1th models and will continue green growth work. 18

5.3. Exchanging green knowledge, experience and technology Creating a green network at national and sub-national levels. Exchanging experience and sharing knowledge to support and actively participate in green growth in Cambodia. Exchanging green experience and technology about green growth between Asian countries and member states of the GGGI and the world.

5.4. Dissemination and Education through Media Providing information about green growth to public through media about green growth. Creating programs and platforms to discuss green growth amongst pupils, students, professors, researchers and scientists. Establishing a green information Centre, green library, green information technology system and green academia. 6. Effective Green Technology Management Relevant ministries-institutions shall develop educ&tional programs by integrating green technology that brings with less use of natural resources, maintaining environmental quality, increasi ng productivity and quality based on market demands, and consistent with the RGC 's policies. Use of technological systems and gree;i technology, namely greenhouse gas emission reduction technology, environment pol lution proliferation reduction technology, technology for effective use of energy, clean developme11t technology and technology for reducing, reusing and recycling the used resources. Effective Green Technology Management shall have the strategies as follows:

6.1. Equipping Green Technology Developing green agriculture, green industry, green business, green infrastructure and transportation, green tourism, green energy, green construction and building, green telecommunication, green research and green growth, green skills and green technology, green design, green workplace, green markets, green prod:.1ct promotion, green sale and servic~s, and green finance procurement, all of which they shall be equipped with green technology. Exchanging and transferring green technology between the public and private sectors through cooperation with the GGGI and International Organizations and with the developed and developing countric~. Promoting green technology bu~iness in green ngr:culture, green industry, green business, green infrastructure and transportation, green tourism, green energy, green construction and building, green telecommunication, green research and g;-een growth, green skills and green technology, green design, green workplace, green markets, green product promotion, green sale and services and green finance procurement. 19

6.2. Training on Green Technology Encouraging and supporting green technology researchers of both the public and private sectors and civil societies to implement the green technology. Providing knowledge about green technology. Participating in training on green technology through national and international workshops. Organizing training courses on green technology.

6.3. Green technology Investment Encouraging investors to invest capital on green technology in the green agriculture, green industry, green business, green infrastructure and transports, green tourism, green energy, green construction and building, green telecommunication, green research and green growth, green skills an~ green technology, green design, green workplace, green markets, green product promotion, green sale and services, as well as green finance procurement in order to effectively develop green technology. Promoting the establishment of new green technology. 7. Promotion of a Green Social Safety System Based on the most successful experience in implementing the RGC's Rectangular Strategy for growth, employment, equity, and efficiency in economy, environment, society und culture, the government sets out strategies for natural resources manage;nent, i.e. water, land, forest, fishery, mines and energy to be sustainable and long- lastin g for the next generation. The gi)Vernm ent's policies ir, sustainable water management, and comprehensive deep reforms on Land, Forestry and Fishery, are promoting a country to reach a green economy development as a good model rP.cogni zed as a society with high socioeconomic development with low carbon emission movi!lg towards building a long-lasting green culture social safety. This success with a noticeable pride encourages and reinforces the government to take its further efforts to ensure a green culture social safety system, based on green growth principles. Promotion of a green culture sociai safety system shall hav~ the following strategies:

7.1. Green Culture Social Safety This safety refers to social development, based on strategic direction of green growth commencing from a society with low carbon emission, environmental sustainabi iity. aatu,al resources su~tainability, ecosystem safety in promoting socio-economic development to adapt to climate change and resilient to climate with the use of a social protection sy~tem and green growth means, green economy and green technology whereby the safety is based on the pillars of national development, especially green youths, green mothers and green people with gender equity. 20

7.2. Social Protection The social protection focuses on policies and job markets, social insurances with contribution (pension, health insurance, social security, national fund, social security support) social safety net with no contribution and additional social welfare services. This social protection takes into effect based on social safety net, green economic growth - stable blue economy and ecosystem safety. The social safety net refers to public construction programs (cash or food for work), support in cash or in kind, support in capital in order to provide access to public facility, health, and housing, in accordance with the RGC's National Social Support Strategy for the Poor and the Vulnerable People. Enhancing social protection and green culture society relies on quality of life and environment health and improving welfare for women, children, youths, disables, farmers, indigenous people, the elderly, and communities through green economy growth and a green social safety system. The participation from the public in social protection ensures socio-economic development through developmental effectiveness in balance with quality of life, green social safety system and ecosystem sa.fety. Therefore, these ensure a social safety system and enhancement of environmental quality, ecosystem health and public he<1lth to encourage and protect pecple' s welfare. 8. Uphold and Protection of Green Cultural Heritage and National Identity Law on Protection of Cultural Heritage 1996 is to protect national cultural heritage and general cultural property. This law provides a high priority to uphold and development on cultural heritage and promotion of ancient m asterpiece. To contribute to cultural heritage protection, the RGC has created an alive human heritage management mechanism to maintain and encourage the work of the celebrity, so as to maintain and better promote a national significant culture, lasting forever, following the Conventions for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and Law on Composers ' Property Rights and Other Similar Rights and Law on Intellectual Property Rights that eDsure intellectual property rights ,especially invention protection, trademarks, innovation, and new inventions. These regulations implementation is to have national cultural heritage being of stability and sustainability, focusing on maintenance, protection, conserv;;tion and development of general nationai cultural property in line with national advancement and globalization of ~conom ic activities, based on green growth. Through comprehensively integrating Cambodia into the ASEAN region and the world where there are shrines, sacred places, religion, traditions, and ancient 1emples, espec;ally Angkor Wat, Angkor Thom, Bakheng.1?anteay Srl!i, and Preah Vihear, as well as natural resorts, !1ainely w~~erfalls, ~ountair.s, forests, Tonie Sap Lake and beaches, these areas become green natural tourism de>stinat:ons th~.t attn:ct national and international tourists to visit, do business, and invest more in tht Kingdom of Cambodia. This can also 21 boost up national revenue from natural and cultural tourism of approximately US$ 1,786 mill ion in 2010 and US$ l ,850 million in 2011 and in 2020 is estimated to increase to approxim ately US$5,000 million. Regarding National Strategic Plan on Green Growth 2012-2030, Cambodia will become the developed country, based on the most successful experience of Win-Win Policy and RGC's Rectangular Strategy, which maintains peace, political stability, security, social order, and stable macroeconomic growth. These days, the greatest achievements having resulted from the most successful practices of the Rectangular Strategy makes green growth become a core catalyst in economic development to keep up with environmental protection to reduce poverty nationwide with high effectiveness and improve livelihoods of the people. Achieving green growth goals requires active participation from all relevant stakeholders of both the public and private sectors through implementation of National Policy on Green Growth and National Strategic Plan on Green Growth (NSPGG) in order to promote green growth in Cambodia towards a flourishing cultural society that will make green growth recognized as a core means of economic development, environmental protection, national cultural property protection and maintenance, together with tangible and intangible cultural heritages. Particularly, socio-economic development with low carbon emission, natural resources management, and effective and sustai nab le development of green economy and blue economy are surely to help Cambodia maintain national heritage and green national cultural property for a long-term perpetuity and persistence reducing poverty to a great extent, increasing social fraternity, gender equality and equity, increa:;ing macroeconomic growth, together with maintaining ecosystem safoty and environm ent. This green cultural heritage strategy focuses mainly on reforming ancient temples of national cultural heritage and natural resorts to become the Green Gold tourism destinations, aligned with the RGC's Strategic Tourism Development Plan 2012-2020. This also mai nta;ns national cultural identity keeping up with development and conservation, raising value and providing green beauty. Uphold and Protection of Green Cultural Heritage and Identity shall have the strategies as follows:

8.1. Uphold and Protection of Green Culture Exchanging experience, knowledge and green technology that he lp rai se awan::ness of cultural va lue of botl~ natural c 1.1ltural proi:;erty and hi.:mc.n-made cultural property. Maintaining, protecting, conserving, modernizing, and int~gr::-iting cultu ral heritage, intangible c ultural heritage and green social culture through culture.I diversification, and cultural change, religion, tradition, customs of living, tourism, sports, education, new innovation, and green technology. 22 Enhancing national prestige and maintaining national identity, based on green growth principles and evolution in the green agriculture, green business, green industry, green infrastructure, green building and construction, green financial tools, green investment and green markets etc.

8.2. Green Cultural Heritage Conservation Conserving the cultural heritage produced or naturally endowed or discovered in the soil of the country being the human masterpiece and natural products with green science, history, or religion and nature. Increasing economic progress, environment, society and culture of the country, linked to evolution of green growth . Promoting advanced civilization in nature reflecting national green cultural property for the sake of people and the whole country.

8.3. Enhancement of Intangible Cultural Heritage Enhancing and encouraging operation, performance, speeches, knowledge and know-how, including object tools originated from artificial objects, green spaces, and cultural diversification recogn ized and accepted in the society. Promoting continuance of Intangible Cultural Heritage and all of masterpieces from one generation to another. Encouraging permanent new reinvention oflntangible Cultural Heritage, hased on green gr::,wth . Creating human harmonizaticn with nature, including their history, geography, religions, tradit ions, customs, and literatures. Exchang ing and transferring masterpieces, innovation for contributing to promote different cultural respects and human innovation. 9. Good Gov\!rnance on Green Growth Governance is an inevitable factor in green growth movement. This requires participation from all relevant stakeholders and public. Awareness of green grow1h strategy requires dissemination of policies and understanding. Good green governance principle will bt: main streamed into the green youth, students and green model person through key passages, spirits of national and international lt:gal fo1malities in order to e,1sure trans;:>are:1cy of management, leadership, responsibiiity, accountability and effectiveness. The Royal Go\·ernment of Cambodia under the leadership of Samuech Prime Minhter, has set out a National Program for Sub-National Democratic Development 20 IO - 2019 under direct coordination leadership by a National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development, stemmed from successful practices of Decentralization and Deco-centralization strategy, Law on Commune-Sangkat Electioni Law on Commune-Sangkat Administration and Law on Administrative Management of the Municipality/Province. According to a National Program for Sub-National Dl!mocratic Development 20 I 0 - 2019, governance focuses on comprehensive institutional refonns to effectively implement decentralization and deco-centralization strategy, ensuring successful poverty reduction, based on sub- national intuitional organization, financial resources, human resources, functioning of the institution that provide more effective public services and rapid democratic development. Necessity and efficiency of the governance are to improve accountability, transparency, sub-national responsibility, information sharing, raising awareness of policy, and the RGC's strategies, especially related to gender mainstreaming, green growth at national and sub-national levels , promoting macroeconomic stability, climate change adaptation and climate resilience and poverty reduction. Piecemeal mainstreaming strategy for green growth will contribute to public administration reforms, based on a principle of the RGC's policy on public services. Officers will get more awareness of their roles, duties, and responsibility for provision of public services to people in order to better serve people in line with slogan "civil officers has no supervision culture but only service providers." In this, green governance consists of close linkage with decentralization and deco-centralization strategy, public administration reforms and the RGC's National Program for Sub-National Democratic Development, and will need to be integrated into all activities of these policies and strategies implementation aiming at improving effectiveness and efficiency in both the public and private sectors. Green governance refers to governance, management, and leadership of both institution, and legal entity to achieve strategic objectives such as green investment and creating green jobs, green economy management to balance with environment, sustainable blue economy development, green environme:ital management, and natural resources, human resources management and g;-een education, green technology management to be more effective, promoting green social safety net and maintaining and protecting green heritage and national identity. Governance includes official and unofficial ones linking with national and subnationai authorities, civil societies, and private sectors, tnd their quality is based on comprehensive reciprocity, confidential, and legality. This governance is promoted by mechanism and opportunity for coordination, negotiation, and correct organization of public and private sectors and civil societies. Local authorities shall have immediate responsibilities in line with hierarchy, regulations, and financial rules in green infrastructure invc:;tments, green economic development and sustainable municipality development principles. A:;cordine to principles of green growth, it ensu.-es governance at naticnal and suh-national levels, imp lements transparent works, accountability, and responsibili!y, strengthens foreign policies on green growth as well as integrating green growth into all relevant levels. 24 Good Governance on Green Growth shall have strategies as follows:

9.1. Promote cooperation on good governance between national and international green institutions Exchanging experience of leadership and management on green growth with global green technology, member st11.tes of international organizations and international organizations. Building partnership with relevant ministries/institutions, municipal/provinc ial authorities and national organizations to achieve the efficiency and effectiveness of green growth. Using green technology to make green governance effective.

9.2. Preparing legal framework and policy Preparing a legal framework and action plans in green nature. Reviewing the existing law and legal formalities. Promoting gocd green governance on strategic objectives Making law on green growth.

9.3. Human Capacity Building Strengthening good green governance capacity at national and municipal/provincial levels. Upgrading green growth education through strengthening capacity of teachers at all levels. Training trainers as contact persons and focal points on green growth to be skil lful in green governance to scale up knowledge, exchange experiences and mainstreaming green governance principle into ministries /institutions.

9.4. Mob!lize finance and development funds Attracting foreign investors to promote good green govem&nce at national and sub-national levels. Mobilizing all financial resources at national and international levels, especialiy development partners, as well as the GGGI to attain all strategic objectives of green governance. Enco~raging the private sector to implement good green governance, along with its investment as well as trade, and project implementation in order to use natural resources 1;ffectively and achieve its object!ves.

9.5. Enhancing Transparence, Accountability, and Responsibility Mainstreaming awareness of ,1 good green governance principle fo r the civil officials, public officers, green youths, gender equity, sub-national administration and the private sectors to ra ise vocational conscience, responsibility for the public services within their own authority and jurisdiction. Encouraging delegation, financial resources and responsibilities through making activity plans in order tv ensure efficie.1cy and effcctiver.ess of quality services. 25 Enhancing rights eligible to acquire information related to green growth through exchanging experiences, sharing information, dissemination, awareness raising, support, and participation to implement green growth principles, as well as good green governance at all levels, especially in all the green growth objectives. 6. Activities

6.1. Institutional Structure Strengthen green growth structure at national and sub-national level s to implement legal formalities, policies, strategic plan s, programs and action plans on green growth.

6.2. Developing Legal F·r amework Prepare and develop legal formalities on green growth, such as law on green growth etc.

6.3. Green Growth Action Plan According to the presentation on strengths, challenges, and strategy practices t0 achieve a v ision of green growth, the Royal Government of Cambodia has set out the strategies to promote green growth in Cambodia as planed in the strategic obj ectives. Implementation of the action plan of this strategic plan is divided into two phases : !). for a short term from 201 3 to 201 7 (3-5 years), trying to achieve it; 2). For a medium and long term from 2018 to 2030 (6- 13 years) for sustainability o f economy development, in balance w ith env ironment, society, and culture. This implementation requires acti ve part i~ipation from the puhlic and private sectors, civil society, development pari ners and the public. 6.3 .1. Green Growth and Green Job Creation Activities to be implemented for short, medium and Jong tern1s are as follows: Engaging green investors in renewable energy, lands, forests and fisheries and green industry and commercialization at national and sub-national levels. Mainstreaming green growth into economy, banks, and fin ance systems. Issuing green certificates to companies, industries, hotels, restaurants, organizations, financial institutes, investment banks, and commercial banks which contribute to protect and preserve the e nvironment and use natural resources effectiv ely . E nhancing green bus inesses and indt.:stries by using green techno logy. Preparing law and regulation and green commercial polic ies. Expanding green product sales in both the local and international markets. E ncouraging investors investing in green products, especially nonchemical fannin g products. Enhanc ing j ob opportunities for people, including green tourism, green environment, green energy, green farm ing, green industr; , green techno logies, green tradt: anci green serv ices. 26 Facilitating the relevant investments and change technologies for green production and green markets. Mainstreaming a sustainable production and consumption framework into the investment project concerning the use of natural resources. Using natural resources by implementing a principle that polluter shall be fined. Refonning financial management of the public and private sectors by carrying out governance principles. Formulating budget plan and pilot green projects at national and sub-national levels. Allocating budget to each field of green growth more effectively. Promoting transparency, accountability of expense of public and private sectors m each development sector to reach green growth goals. Monitoring, allocating, and managing budget of the public and private sectors to ensure national green growth more effectively. Establishing a green environmental accounting for green growth at national and international levels. Providing training on green environment accounting fundamentals at national and sub-national levels. Mainstreaming green environment accounting fundamentals into national accounting. Monitoring account and finance related to green growth.

6.3.2. Managing green economy to balance with environment Activities to be implemented for the short, medium and long terms ~re as follows: Preparing law and regulations and g.een ecor.omy policy. Preparing green tax policy consistent with green growth principles. Preparing indicators to show green economy development based on grnen economy development principles. Organizing a management mechanism in transition towards effective green economy. Improving quality of effective green economy development by increasing productivity and product quantity. Transforming a tradition al economy structure into a green economy to mainstream, synchronize and adapt between economy and ecosystem more effectively. Developing green effociive infrastructures through green economy planning. Creating green commercial opportunity at national levels. Strengthening welfare protection for woinen, children, youth, disable, farmers, ind igenous people, the elder and the communities by strengthening a green economy and green social safety. Promoting economic development, based on low c::irbon emi:;sion. Prep«ring law, reg1Jlat;ons and financial poli(;y with regards to green growth. 27 Mainstreaming green growth principles into finance and banking systems. Preparing procedures and green procurement management. Providing credit - green loan basing on green growth principles of financial companies , finance institutes, commercial banks, public banks, and National Bank of Cambodia. Developing green financial market. Allowing the public and people to access green financial and banking system services. Reducing poverty by offering green financial and banking services and green products, such as clean financial operation, financial skills, and green banks, green services, exchange rates for environmental quality initiated from financial companies, finance institutions and National Bank of Cambodia. Developing policies and law and regulations on payment for ecosystem services. Promoting productivity of ecosystem services in the natural areas protecti!lg nature, the conservative areas, reserved areas, and coastal zone. Promoting the implementation of green growth principles in the areas, which protects nature, the conservation area, reserve area, and coastal zone. Using a system of payment for ecosystem services as the encouraging tools fo r the local community and all stakeholders in order to work together and maintain sustainable natural resources. Creating a system of payment for ecosystem services, based on green growth principles. Mainstreaming a system of payment for ecosystem services into green growth in all development fields. Attracting carbon credit markets through applying a system of payment for ecosystem services in the protected areas, the conservation area, the reserved area, and coastal zone at national and sub- national levels. Coordinating zoning identification io classify areas for productivity of environment protection services. Monitoring revenue-expense of both the public and private sectors to promote green economy and reduce poverty.

6.3.3. Effective Implementation of Blue Ecouomy Activities to be implemented for the short, medium, and long terms are as follows: Coordinating with relevant institutions at national and international levels to strengthen blue economy development to be balanced with environment and society in the coastal areas. M imaging marine resources, coastline, marine ecosystem for safety and sustainability. Conducting conservation and utilizing marine resources sustainably. Control!ing marine and releva!lt ecosystem pollution. Observ ing and inspecting quality of seawater ha\'ing acid substance. · 28 Encouraging researchers having found the polluting substance in the seawater and maintain its quality. Maximizing fish stocks yield and conducting aquacultures to have sufficient food supply leading to green growth goals achievement. Strengthening capacity of conservation and marine environmental management. Conducting research and analysis on climate change causing sea level rise and coastal erosion. Preparing, preventing, and protecting natural disasters at the sea.

6.3.4. Green environment and natural resources management Activities to be implemented for the short, medium, and long terms are as follows: Strengthening green agriculture development, conservation of agriculture and ecosystems. Encouraging participation of one village one product movement. Controlling over rubbish, solid waste, and harmful waste, monitoring water and air pollutions. Implementing a principle of reducing, recycling, and reusing (3R) and exploit resource from the wastes. Introducing a payment principle for those discharging lots of waste and those polluting environment. Managing Water for water security and economic growth. Strengthening conservation of forest resources and biodiversity for serv111g environmental economic services through implementing the credit carbon projects. Identifying coastal areas for development and conservation goals. - - .Preparing and using shoreline . . Studying, assessing and an~lyzing in detail the activities related to coastline and area related to !he sea. Managing seawater resources and sea related resources. Disseminating and educating g:-een growth at the coastline to the public. Establishing sustainable land use for tourism, agriculture, industry and residential land. Arranging development and investment projects and private sector's development. Encouraging sustainable fossil fuel usage and promoting renewable energy uses in the rural areas. Making competition in renewable energy use, improvement of energy efficiency and green industry development for the publ ic and private sector. Developing green transports infrastructure at ,1ational and sub-national levels. Implementing green transports through using buses, electricity-run trnins, uses of bicycles and electricity-run motorcycles for vehicles for travelling in towns. Analyzing carbon emission from vehicles in the Phnom Penh cities and provinces. StrengthP.ning tourism deve!opment to cope witli challenges for financial downturn. Strengthening the tourism secto, that supports the local economy and poverty reduction. 29 . Encouraging the private sector to support green tourism. Promoting tourism development in small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

6.3.5. Green Human Resources Development Activities to be implemented for the short, medium, and long terms are as follows: Increasing capacity building at national and sub-national levels to create ideas and information about commercial industry issues, agriculture, crafts and green services. Integrating education about green growth in education institutes at all levels. Establishing educational institutes for green growth at a national level. Prov id ing training on green growth in non-systematic education to the public and private sector and in villages and communes. Preparing and creating a green growth network at national and sub-national levels. Changing experience and sharing knowledge about green growth in Cambodia. Exchanging experience and green technologies about green growth in ASEAN countries, member states of the GGGI and the world. Providing information about green growth to the public through media about green growth. Providing programs and consultation platform about green growth amongst pupils, students, professors, researchers and scie ntists. Building a green informat ion Centre, green library, green information technology and green research institutes.

6.3.6. Effective Technology Management Activities to be implemented for the short, medium, anci long terms are as follows: Equipping green techno logies in all areas. Helping coordinate with relevant investment and changes in technologies for green producti on and green markets. Bdnging environmenta l technologies to the poor to facilitate use and broaden capacity of exports at a national le·,el about environment technologies (effective solar panels). Changing and transferring gree11 technologies between the public and private sectors. Trading green technoiogies in all sectors. Studying, researching and analyzing new green techr.ologies. Providing training on green technologies to the public and private sectors and civil society. Participating in training on green technologies t:1rough national and international workshops. Attracti ne investments in green technologies in all sectors. 30

6.3.7. Promotion ofa Green Social Safety System Activities to be implemented for the short, medium, and long terms are as follows: Creating a green village for economic development through sustainability and sustainable environment. Strengthening gender role practices in green grnwth. Improving the medical sector to strengthen green growth practices. Developing the SME for sustainable economic development. Mainstreaming green growth into the employment sector and vocational training. - Encouraging competition between clean city and rural areas.

6.3.8. Uphold and Protection of Green Cultural Heritage and National Identity Changing experience, knowledge and green technologies on green culture heritages. Maintaining, protecting, reserving, modernizing, and integrating cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage and green social culture. Maintaining national identity based on green growth principles and evolution. Strengthening uphold and conservation of cultural heritage. Harmonizing between economy, environment, society, and culture by green growth principles. Changing experience and knowledge in promoting civilization advancement naturally. Encouraging new reinvention of intangible cultural heritage, based on green growth principles. Encouraging masterpiece passing-on and innovation. Strengthening capacity about green growth and its evolution in the traditional culture and national identity.

6.3.9. Good Governance on Gi·een Growth Activities to be implemented for the short, medium, and long terms are as follows: Changing experience, leadership and managing green growth w ith international institutions. Strengthening partnership with relevant ministries/ institutions of municipalities- provinces and international organizations. Using green technologies to make green governance effective. Preparing legal formalities 11.nd action plans wi th green natuie. Reviewing the existing laws and legal fonnalities. Implementing good green governance in all strategic objectives. Establish;ng law on green growth. Strengthening good green governance capacity for all the civil officials, public officers, green youths, gender with equity, sub-national admiration and the private sector. Educating green growth through strengtheni.ig capacity for teachers at all levels. Pr'.)viding training to trainers as gi"een grn\.vtn cc.,ntacts at all ministries/instituti0ns. 3! Attracting foreign investors to promote good green governance at national levels and sub-national levels. Mobilizing financia l support from all financial resources at national and international levels. Strengthening the private sector to implement good green governance in its investment. Delegating power, finance resources and responsibilities at a national level. Be eligible to receiving information related to green growth. Prior projects for implementing a green growth action plan related to ministries/institutions by specifying for the short, medium and long terms attached in the annex. 7. Financial Resources Financial resources for supporting implementation for strategic plans come from a national budget and other resources. 8. Monitoring and Evaluation Strategic plan requires monitoring and evaluation on implementatic n in each phase, based on a basis of strategy and action plans that are set forth, including key indicators. After the Roya! Government of Cambodia's adoption of the Strategic Plan , National Council on Green Growth shall be implemented in each relevant sector. Therefore, monitoring and evaluation to ensure practices respond to the needs of people and the country. 9. Conclusion The Roya I Government of Cambodia highly appreciates National Strategic Plan on Green Growth 20 13- 2030 as a basis in implementing a national policy on green growth, based on 9 priority strategies, including: green investment, green investment, green economy development in balance with environment, sustainable blue economy development, green environment and natural resources management, human resources management, sustainable green technoiogy management, enhancement of a green social safety system, uphold and protection of green cultural heritage, and national identity and good governance on green growth, wh ic h consists of many small strategies, as a means for achieving vision, mission, goai, st;-dtegic cbjectives of a natioual strategic plan. All these strategies indicate a major importance of a Win- Win strategy through green growth and serve as the best solutions to heip to reduce poverty, sustainability of environmentally socio-economic development, maintaining national cultural heritage for national great prestige, aiming at ensuring political stability and macro economy, and the ccuntry will become a develc,ped country. 32 ANNEX Key projects for implementation of Strategic Plan on Green Growth 2013-2030 Short time Medium, long Leading or 2013-2017 2018- 2030 Responsible No. Priority Projects (3 years to (6 years to Ministries/ 5 years) 13 years) Institutions Green Investment and Green Jobs I. Creation National Council Attract green investors in renewable on Green Growth energy water, soil, forest and fishery (NCGG) and 1. ..J -J including enterprise and green trade at Council for national and sub-national levels Development of Cambodia (CDC) Ministry of Mainstreaming green growth into Economy and 2 econom;c development , banks and ..J Finance (MEF) and finance National Bank of Cambodia Ministry of Environment Issue green certificates to companies, (MoE), NCGG and enterprise, hotels, restaurants National 3 organization and fir.ance institutes, -J Committee for investment banks and commercial Clean City banks Assessment (CCCA), Ministry of Tourism (MoT) NCGG, Ministry of I commerce (Mc,C), Develop legal formalities and green I Cambodia National 4 -J conunercia! policies Supreme National Econom ic Councii (SNEC) Create rules to stimulate enhancement MoE, MAFF and 5 . 0f agricultural sustainability, i~clud;ng ..J- --J MEf ins!.lrance system based on index I 33 and/or financing Create a system for investment , 6 innovation to ensure sustainable '1 MoE and NCGG resource management, - Stimulate the development of public and private sector finance 7 '1 MEF and Mol management reforms through a good governance principle implementation Preparing budget for implementation MEF, 8 of programs and green pilot projects at '1 Municipality/Provi- national and sub-national levels ncial Authorities Preparing green environment NCGG, MEF, accounting fundamentals for green 9 '1 ,Municipality/Prov: growth at national and sub-national -ncial Authorities levels Provide training on green environment 10 ..J NCGG and MEF accounting fundamentals Monitoring and Evaluation accounting 11 ·J NCGG and MEF and fin ance re!ated to green growth Green Economy Management in II. Balance with Environment Preparing legal formalities and policy NCGG,MEF, and I ..J on green economy SNEC Prepare green tax categories, NCGG, MEF and 2 ..J according to green growth principles SNEC Organizing indicators to show green NCGG,MEF and 3 economy growth, based on green ..J SNEC growth principles Preparing a management mechanism 4 in pl1ase in transition to an efficient -.J I NCGG <.1nd SNEC green economy -- 11.iprove qua!ity of efficient e(:onomic NCGG , MEF and 5 development through increasing ..J SNEC productivity and products quantity Transforming traditional economy MoE, MAFF, structure into green growth to I 6 -.J I ..J MEF, SNEC I mainstream, hannonize and adapt I 34 between economy and ecosystems effectively Develop an efficient green NCGG, Ministry of 7 infrastructure through green economy ..J ..J Planning (MoP) planning and SNEC Stimulate and create green trade 8 ..J NCGG, MoC o pportunities for green products Mol, MoP, Ministry of Rural Development(MR Improve the well-being of women, D), Ministry of children, youth, disable, farmer, Women's Affairs indigenous people, the elderly, and 9 ..J ..J (MoWA), and communities through green economy growth and a green social safety Ministry of Social Affairs , Veteran system and Ycuth Rehabilitation (MoSAVYR) Enhance and stimulate economy JO development with low carbon ..J -y MoE emission Preparation of !egal formalities and NCGC,MEF, and 11 -y green fin,mcial policy SNEC Mainstreaming green growth NCGG, National 12 principles into finance and bank -y Bank of Cambodia systems and SNEC Preparation of green finance NCGG,MEF, and 13 -y procurement SNEC Preparation of green credit-loan based -y NCGG, MEF, a11d 14 on green growth principles in the ..J I SNEC public and privat~ sectors Preparation of green service systems through a·u tonomous machines for NCGG and MEF, 15 withdrawing and deposit in financial '1 ..J and SNEC I I institutions and banks -·-1 --7- L 16 Gevelop a green infrastructu~i1-1 finance and banks by using green _J_ -y NCGG, Ministry of Land Management, 35 technology, green building and green Urban Planning spaces and Construction (MLMUPC) and SNEC Use of green techr,ological systems to NCGG, MEF and 17 manage accounting Operational ,.j SNEC System and finance flow Creating favorable environmental conditions in finance companies, finance institutions and National Bank NCGG,MEF, 18 ,.j ,.j of Cambodia to increase eligibility to SNEC,NBC green finance at national and sub- national levels NCGG,MEF, and 19 Create green finance markets ,.j SNEC NCGG,MEF, Encourage the public and private National Bank of 20 sectors and public to use finance i i Cambodia and system and green banks SNEC Poverty reduction nationwide through 21 providing finance services and green i i Mo! anci MEF banks, as well as green products Pre!)aration of policies and legal 22 formalities for a system of payment i I MoEand SNEC for ecosystem services - MoE and National Enhancing production of ecosystem Committee for services in the protected areas, the 23 ,.j Cambodian Coastal conservation area, the preserved area, Zone Management and coastal zones and Development Stimulate green principles prai..:tice in the protected areas, the con~ervation 24 ,.j MoE and NCGG area, the preserved area, and coastal zones Use of environment protection service 25 commission payment system as -J ,.j MoE and NCGG incent;ve tool to local communi ty a:1d 36 · · all stakeholders Create a mechanism for a system of 26 payment for ecosystem services, based ...J ...J MoEandNCGG on green growth principles Mainstream a system of payment for 27 ecosystem services into green growth ...J ...J MoEand NCGG in all development fields Attract carbon credit markets through practices of a system of payment for 28 ...J ...J MoE and NCGG ecosystem serv ices at national and sub-national levels Facilitate zoning identification to 29 divide into the production zones of ...J .J NCGG ecosystem protection services Create a monitoring mechanism on NCGG,MEF, revenue-expenses of both public and National Bank of 30 ...J private sectors fo r efficiency of green Cambodia and econom y and poverty reduction SNEC Blue Economy Development with III. Sustainability MoE, MAFF and National Managing marine resources, ccastal Committee for I zones, and marine ecosystems in ...J ...J Cambodian Coastal safety, sustainability and continuity Zone Management and Development Moc, MAFF and National Conservation and sustainable use of Committee for 2 ...J -y marine resources Cambodian Coastal I Zone Management and Development MoE and 3 Marine toxic pollutants management ...J ...J MoWRAM Promote obse'."a6~n and inspection on ~ MoE and 4 ...J seawater quality with acid substance McWRAM 5 Research marine toxic substance and I r ---r MoE and 37 maintain quality of seawater MoWRAM Understanding climate change 6 -.J -.J MoE, MoWRAM disasters and marine pollution Identify strategy to capacity building in conservation and sustainable MoE and 7 -.J environment management benefiting MoWRAM fishmongers Study and research and analyze MoE and 8 climate change causing the sea level -.J '1 MoWRAM rise and coastal erosion - MoE and Preparedness, prevention, and 9 -.J -.J MoWRAM, protection from coastal disasters NCDM Green Environment and Natural IV. Resources Management Make green agriculture, agriculture I -.J -.J MAFF conservation, and eco-agriculture Management of debris, solid waste and hazardous water, water pcllution 2 control, and air pollution control to be -.J -.J MoE I implemented in line with a legal standard Create sustainability of strategic plan, 3 agriculture, and promote natural -.J MAFF fertilizer Sustainable water resources MoE and 4 -.J management MoWRAM Water resources management for 5 water security and economic -.J MoWRAM advancement Integration of eco~ystem and water M0E and 6 -.J resources m11nagcment MoWRAM Preparation of strategy and management plan for the Protected NCGG and 7 Areas, mine resources, forestry, water -.J -.J relevant ministries- and fisheries, being balanced between institutions conservation and development to 38 boost a national economy and rural economies Strengthening and promoting conservation on fo restry and 8 biodiversity for serving environmer,tal ..J ..J MoEandNCGG economic services through carbon credit project implementation Preparation of land use planning in MoE and 9 ..J ..J sustainability MLMUPC Development planning and 10 investment and private sector ..J CDC development Promote zoning identification as a MoE and 11 ..J ..J basis for land use planning MLMUPC Ministry of Efficiency of fossil fuel usage and Industry, Mines 12 stimulating renewable energy in the ..J ..J and Energy rural areas (MIME) and MRC Create green business environment with relevant regulations and energy production to be encouraged to have 13 ..J MoE and MIME competition for renewable ene;gy, improving efficient energy and green industry development Ministry of Public Works and Create green transports infrastructure Transport (MPWT) 14 ..J ,J at national and sub-national levels and Municipal and provincial authorities ·- Shnring of green tramports by buses, I electricity-run tra ins, usage of MPWTand electricity-run bicycles, and Municipal and 15 ..J ..J motorcycles instead of vehicles for provincial travel in the towns/cities/ populated authorities areas 16 Develoµm ent of green tourism for ,I Ministry of 39 green development towards national Tourism (MoT) economic advancement Tourism development to resist challenges of a financial crisis, green 17 ..J ..J MoT jobs growth for supporting the lo(;al economy and poverty reduction Stimulate investment in green tourism to help reduce expenses on use of 18 energy, water, waste, and maintain ..J MoTand MoE ecosystem value and human heritage and nature Scale up participation from public and 19 private sectors and tourists supporting ..J MoT green tourism Potential economy in green tourism 20 ..J MoT for SME Developing policies and investments 21 for the green tourism-related private ..J NCGG and MoT sector Tourism development, based on community for improvi ng economic 22 ..J MoT development and increasing job "' opportunities Increasir.g green tourism to have a y 23 MoT positive potential to national economy Strengthening tourism development to y 24 y MoTand SNEC resist challenges of a fina:1cia l crisis National Committee for Identi fy 1.:oastal zone for development Cambod ian Coastal 25 ..J I ..J a,~d conservation goals Zone Management anrl Development (NCSC) and MoE Create Eco-labeling for tourism 26 MoT operators - - ·- - - ·- Preparation of shoreline sidewalk to '27 ..J NCSC and MoE construct infrastructure, residence, - · 40 public and private constructions fo r serving the tourism sector Study, assess and analyze activities in details in coastline, coastal alongside, 28 -J NCSC and MoE tributaries, rivers, char,nels, (connected to the sea and islands) Management of water resources and 29 -J -J MoWRAM the marine-related resources Dissemination and providing 30 education on green growth in the -J NCSC and MoE coastline to the public Developing a national strategy for green industry, based on resource 3I -J -J MoE efficiency and 3 R strategy ( reducing, , recycling and reus ing) Enhance efficient use of resources by 32 implementing a polluter payer -J -J MoE principle Water resource sustainability for 33 -J MoWRAM (drinking) and irrigation Creating and implementing 34 -J MAFF management of sustainable forests Develop a strategic plan for 35 -J I MIME sustainable use of energy Developing and effectively implementing a national strategic plan 36 -J MoE fo r waste management in the country with sustainability ·- Sustainabi lity of transports and green 37 -J MPWT infrastructure development Managing land use in a participatory approach and strength er. ing effi ciency 38 -J MLMUPC in land use planning for the indigenous people Developing and managing sustainable 39 coastal zone and researching on ecosystem and de,;elopment for grt:en " MoE and MAFF 41 growth Improve and practice science, technology for National Adaptation 40 Program of Action to Climate Change v v MoE to ensure sustainable development MoE and Improve and implem ent liquid waste 41 management with sustainability v Municipality authorities Land-use and city environment appropriate to environment and 42 provide good heaith and put into v MoE practices of policies for sustainable city development Sustainable use of fossil fuels by stimulating use of renewable energy in r1Jra! areas and creation of green 43 business environment , together with v v MIME regulations related to energy production ·- Assess clim ate change intensity and 44 creating climate change scenario and v MoE sea level rise Clean water supply and sanitatioP. for the rural communities and 45 development of substitution business v MRD to ear:i for a living Strengthen practices and awareness 46 raising of clean products and efficient v MIME practices, according to a legal standard -- Establishing green industry and 47 integrating into national strategic -./ MIME development - Devising a developmental planning to Municipal and 48 reduce congestion and traffic c.lccident v Provincial through pavement construction Authorities ... ·- Reducing Em ission from MAFF, MoE and 49 v Deforestation and Degradation l Municipal- 42 (REDD) Provincial Authorities Research and create programs in 50 response to climate change v MoE vulnerability Human Resources Development and V. Green Education NCGG and Capacity building at national and sub- M inistry of national level to scale up ideas and 1 information about green trade, v Education, Youth and Sport industry, agriculture, craft and services (MoEYS) Awareness raising and consultation process amongst others through 2 dissemination of educational materials ..J NCGG and MoE and information leaflets about green workplace and green residences I Integrate green growth education into 3 educational institutes at all levels v MoEYS Establish green educational institutes 4 at a national level -,J v NCGG - Provide training on green development in non-systematic education to the -,J y I 5 NCGG public and private sector and in vi llages and communes Establish and create green 6 development networking at national y NCGG and Mo! and sub-national levels Exchange experience and sharing 7 knowled ge about green growth in y v NCGG Cambodia I Exchange experience and green techniques of green growth between 8 Asian countries, member states of the ..J v NCGG GGGI and the world --- 9 I Prov:de informatio·n about green ..J N CGG I growth to the public through media on . 43 green growth Provide programs and consultation platforms about green growth amongst NCGG and 10 -.J -.J pupils, students, professors, MoEYS researchers and scientists Build a green information center, green library, green information 11 .,J NCGG technology and green research institutes Effective Green Technology VI. Management NCGG and Equipping green technology in all 1 1 -.J .,J Relevant Ministries developmental sectors -Institutions Help coordinate with relevant 2 investment and technology exchange .,J NCGG and CDC for green products and green markets Bring environmental technol0gy to the poor to facilitate utilities and MoE and Relevant 3 expanding national exports capacities -.J Min istries/Institutio about environmental technologies ( ns solar panel s , efficient er.ergy etc) Exchange and tran~fer green 4 technologies between the public and .,J MoEandNCGG private ~ectors Trade on green technology at all Ministry of 5 .,J .,J sectors Commerce Study and research and analyze green 6 .,J NCGG technology Training on green technology to the ,.., -J .,J I publ ic and priv<1te sector~ and civil NCGG soc iety Provide training about green 8 technology in national and ..j -.J NCGG - 9 international schools Attracting investment in green technology in all sectors .,J .,J NCGG and CDC I 44 Promotion of a Green Social Safety VII. System Create villages for economic I development with sustainability and ,J MoE sustainable environment Ministry of Development and implementation of 2 ,.J Women's Affairs gender roles in green growth ( MOWA) Improve a medical sector to strengthen 3 '1 MoH the implementation of green growth Development of industry, SME for 4 '1 MIME sustainable economic development Integrate concepts about green growth Ministry of Labor 5 in the employment and vocational '1 and Vocational training sector Training Uphold and Protection of Green VIII. Cultural Heritage and National Identity NCGG Ministry of Change experience, knowledge and Cult, Fint: Arts, and 1 green technologies on green culture ,.J ABSARA heritages. Authority Ministry of Cu lture Maintain, protect conserve, modernize, and integrate culture & Fine Arts I 2 '1 '1 (MCFA) and heritage, intangible culture heritage APSARA and green social culture. Authority Enhancement of national prestige and NCGG, MCFA and 3 maintain national identity based on ,J '1 APSARA green growth principles. Authority Strcng!hen uphold and conservation of 4 ,.J ,.J MCFA I culture heritage. - NCGG, MCFA and Harmonization between economy, Relevant 5 envi ronment, society, and culture by ,.J Ministries/lnstitutio using green growth principles. ns Change experience and knowledge in 6 promoting civilization advancement NCGG&MCFA naturally. "' MCfA and Enhance and encourage operation, Relevant 7 performance, speech, knowledge and ..j Ministries/ lnstitutio know-how, including objects/tools. ns Encourage new invention of 8 permanent intangible culture heritage ..j NCGG and MCFA based on green grc wth principles NCGG, MCFA and Create harmony of people with Relevant 9 nature "' Min istries/Institutio ns MCFA, MoC and Encourage masterpiece passing-on and Relevant 10 innovation. "' Ministries/Institutio ns NCGG and Enhance quality of life by Relevant 11 ..j implem enting green growth principles Ministries/Institutio ns NCGG M CF A and Awareness raising of green growth and green progress in traditional I ..j Relevant 12 culture and national identity "' Min istries/In~titutio Ins IX. Good Governance on Green Growth - Change experience, leadership and 1 manage green growth with NCGG I international institutions I "' - Strengthen partnership with relevant NCGG u11d ministr ies/ institutions of Relevant 2 munic ipalities- provinces and international organizations. " "' Min istries/lnstitutio ns Making law on green growth and legal 3 ..j ..j .NCGG forma lities related io green growth - 4 Strengthen cap2city on governance on 46 " " M e l and NCGG green growth at national and sub- national levels. Use green technologies to make green 5 -,J Moland NCGG governance more effective. Prepare legal formalities and green 6 -,J -,J NCGG action plans Review existing law and legal 7 -,J -,J NCGG formalities. Implementing good green governance 8 -,J -,J NCGG in all strategic objectives. 9 Making law on green growth. -,J NCGG Strengthen green governance capacity to all civil officials, public officers, 10 green youths, gender equity, sub- -,J -,J NCGG national administration and the private sector. Educate green growth through NCGG and 11 strengthening capacity to all level -,J -,J MoEYS teachers. Provide g reen training to trainers at all i2 -,J -,J NCGG ministries/ institutio ns. ·- Attract foreign investors to promote 13 good green governance at national -,J Mo! and NCGG levels and sub-national levels. Mobilizing financial suppo1t from all 14 financiai resources at national and -,J -,J MEF international levels. Strengthen the private sector to implement good green governance in -,J NCGC and MEF 15 its investment. I ME:_J Delegation of power, finance 16 resources and responsibilities at a -,J national level. Any relevant ministries/institutions that are not mentioned above m compliance with the law on the establishment of the ministries/institutions and Sub-decree on Organization and Functioning of the li ne ministries / institutions shall cooperate with the leading or respons ible ministries to carry o ut thi s prioritized project. 47 GLOSSARY Green Agriculture refers to agriculture production, based on techniques and technologies which provide no damage to environment and do not affect human and animal lives by using only the organic substance (non-chemicals ), such as organic fertilizers, organic crop varieties, organic morphological resources ( water, soil, air, geology, nature) for agriculture production and productivity. Green agriculture helps boost green economy, agro-industry, and green-tourism (natural tourism or ecotourism). Green Job refers to activities of individuals engaging in the green agriculture sector, green industry, green economy, green investment, green tourism, green infrastructure, and other green growth-related sectors, earning appropriate income. Green Transport refers to ·infrastructure, transportation means by land, water, air, communication and electricity power channd that enhance green environment, such as railways, buses carrying passengers, watercourses, optic cables, satellite and electricity wires. Green Growth Principle refers to development having green features and nature to ensure accesses to development, such as green environment jobs and natural resources, water resources jobs, and sanitation, food security, and food safety, sustainable land use, economy and investment jobs, telecommunication and transport jobs, industry and energy jobs, and green tourism jobs. Green Energy refers to energy efficiency, especially production and use of renewable energy, such as wind energy, solar energy, v;ave energy, biogas, biomass, biofuel, and hydropower. Green Market refers to a market for vending, purchasing, exchanging and trading green services and products ensuring cultural-social safety system, ecosystem safety and macroeconomic stability. Green Tourism refers to tourism development 2nd tourists without any damage to the sustainable green environment and natural resources by keeping natural beaury, ever green natural view and ecosystem, with serious consideration about socioeconomic development and upholding cultural identity through harmonization between development and conservation for the efficiency in the scarce resources use, necessarily to be preserved for the next generation to have natural property for their future. Green Telecommunication refers to installation and use of infrastructure through green technology and green information technology with use ofleast resources and increasing high yields by taking into account the risks of radiation which affects public health and environmerit. Green Library refers to buiiuings and constructions equipped with green technology for keeping and archiving docurn.::nts related to green growth, sustainable development, green economy, blue economy, green infonnation technology, green human capital, especially green civilization, a:; wt>II a.s other relevant documents to tum a library into a model of green growth for study, research, invem ion and create green services and products, as well as to increase knowledge about green growth. Green Technology refers to technique system and technology that cause no damage to environment, i.e. greenhouse gas emission reduction technoiogy, environment toxic pollutants reductio n technology, efficient energy use techr.ology, clean development technology for recyding and re using the used resources. 48 Green Environment refers to good and c lean env ironment without pollutants through clean development, non-polluting environment, maintaining quality of water, quality of land and air and ecosystem safety, by ensuring food safety, managing national resources, forestry, water resources sustainably and sustainable land use, and enhancing public health, all of which are the main factors to boost green economy to be balanced with environment, society and culture. Green Cultural Heritage refers to cultural heritage produced or originated from nature or discovered in the country's water and soil as the man-made masterpiece and natural products with scientific, hhistoric, artistic or religious with green nature, which illustrates social, cultural socio-econom ic evolution of the country linked with evolution of green growth and civilization advancement in nature and national cultural heritage providing benefits for the people and the whole country. Green Intangible Cultural Heritage refers to operation, performance, speech, knowledge, know-how, including objects/tools originated from artificial sources, green spaces, and cultural diversity, recognition and acceptance in society, passed on from one generation to another and permanently re-established in communities and group of people, depending on the places increasing harmonization of people with nature, including history, geography, sacred areas, religion, tradition, customs, and literacy of them and transferrin g sentiment of identity and sustainability contributing to the promotion of various cultural worships and new inven tion of people. Sustainable Production and Consumption refers to effici ent use of natural resources to fulfill production and consum ptio!1 needs in the socioeconomic sector, targeting at maintaining natu ral resourr:es s ustainabi lity, ecosystem safety, the least waste emission, and toxic pollution re<luction, reusing and recycling for the current needs and the next generations. Green Tax refers to environmenta l pollution tax, liquid and solid waste release tax and natural resources use tax, all of which arise from developmental activity polluting and causing danger to environment, along w ith bus iness activity and natural resources use. The tax imposition is to achieve the development goals w ith envi ronmental sustainability. Green Trade refers to imports and exports of green agricultural produces, green industry products and green services posing no damage to environment and society. Gre~n Hliman Capital refers to :in individual or person with understanding, knowl edge, experience and professional skili in green growth by ac tively participating in harmonization ~mong four pillars, i.e. economy, envirnm ne!1t, soci':!ty and cultu,·e, and becoming a key green growth person/focal point with affection consc ience for nature, as well as protection and preservation of the Planet Earth for sustainability. Green Information Technology refers to data and inform ation related to green growth, green economy, blue economy, natura l resources, env irc nmental state, ecosystem, green society and culture and green technology t0 be .!Xchanged by means of information-technology and media, i.e. radio, televisi0n, internet, green telecomm unication, satellite system and opti~ cable network . . · 49 Green Procurement refers to procedure and process of purchasing raw material and green products with quality, which ensures ecosystem safety through a rightful use with effectiveness, transparency, accountability and opportunity, based on green growth principles. Green Space refers to place and space that keep green beauty and environmental health through green infrastructure, green building, saving energy and water and effective land-use. Green Culture refers to uphold, protection, conservation, modernization, integration of intangible culture heritage and green sociai culture through cultural diversity and cultural changes, religion, tradition, customs of living, tourism, sports, education, new discoveries and green technologies that uphold and enhance national prestige and national identity in line with green growth principles and evolution being achieved in the green agriculture sector, green trade, green industry, green industries and green buildings and construction, green financial instruments, green investment and green finance markets. Green Institute refers to research and education institutes constructed by green buildings and constructions, and being equipped with green technology to serve as a center of educating, study, research and analyzing data, as well as information related to green growth, sustainable development, green economy, blue economy, green information technology, green human capital, especially green civilization, as well as exchanging experience, knowledge and findings from research study. They are to instill green conscience to the present and next generations, which renders a country having development in all sectors till reaching green civilization. Green Investment refers projects or investment activities in green growth, focusing on green technology, eco.1omy and finance, green environment and natural resources, water resources and sanitation, food security and food safety, sustainable land use, telecommunication and transport, industry and energy and green tourism. Green Economy refers to development of an economy with efficiency in using natural resources, envi ronmental sustainability, green jobs, green technology and economic reforms with further consideration into green encouragement, including green tax, green finance, especially green credit and micro-finance, anti so on. Blue Economy refers to economic activities from the development of coastline zone, following green growth principles. Green ~ervice refers to service delivery in both the publ;c and private sector, such as goods deiivery, goc,ds sales, goods transportation, c:ntrepreneur management, consultation, interest rate and innovation, ensuring economic development keeping up with green growth. Green Building and Constructior.s refers to physical infrastructure construction, such as bµildings, workplace, residence, accommodation, entertainment sites, hospital, school, and other pub lic places to be 50 · equipped with green technologies and using green techniques in increasing green beauty, comfort, and quality of life and human being in harmony with nature. Green Finance refers to financial instruments, such as check, share, bond, corporate bond, treasury bill, asset, property, credit and insurance as well as financial market which enhances purchase and sale of green products and green services to encourage investments in green agriculture, green industry, green business, green infrastructure and transport, green tourism, green energy, green construction and building, green telecommunication, green development and research, green technique and skill, green design, green workplace, green market, advertisement of green products, sale of green products and services as well as green finance procurement. Green Growth refers to sustainable economy development that will cause no damage to env ironment, which is based on the least use of natural resources with high yields, energy efficiency, low waste emission, clean development, green maintenance and natural heritage, livelihood improvement to achieve balance of economy development with sustainable sustainability that focus on great interest of whole society. Sustainable Development refers to development of economy having no damage to environment, based on the minimum use of natural resources with high output, energy efficiency, minimum waste release, clean development, preservation of gre':!n nature and natural heritages as well as enhancement of people's quality of life in order to achieve balance of economic development with environmental sustainab ility, being the welfare of the entire society. Green Industry refers to clean production that use green technologies, efficient use of energy and reduction in natural resources use in produ-::tion chain of small medium large enterprises in order to ensure sustainability of natural reso'.lrces, following sustainable production and consumption pr;nciple. Green Civilization refers to an understanding of green growth and its progress, boosting and maintaining customs, traditional culture and national identity, with green economy growth and socio-economic prosperity, based on green growth principles: 1. Sustainable use of raw materials and natural resources, 2. green technology, including techniques for reducing, reusing, a!1d recycling (-3Rs), 3. Environmental quality refers to quality of products and services with no pollution of wakr, land, ai r, forestry, fishery, biodiversity, and ecosystem, 4. Low waste emission,5. Renewable energy and energy efficiency that makes efficient production and use of energy with low cost based on a modernized techno logy and green technology, 6. Economical water and energy usage, 7. Green micro and macro finance, such as green credit, which helps protect enviro!11nent and keep ecosystem in safety, 8. Low carbon em ission economy development refer:, to climate change adaptation and climate resilience, 9- Green taxts, such as tax for environmental poll~1tion reduction, tax on sol id and liquid disposals and tax on use of natural resources, including environmental protection services and payment for environmental services. Green Industry refers to clean production that use green technique, efficient use of energy and natural resources utilities reduction in production ~hain_ of SMEs in order to ensure sustainability of !1atural resources by proJuction implementation principle and sustainable use. 51