National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 )

NATIONAL PLAN OF CONTROL AND INSPECTION FOR MARINE FISHERIES 2020 – 2024 NATIONAL PLAN OF CONTROL AND INSPECTION FOR MARINE FISHERIES 2020 – 2024 NATIONAL PLAN OF CONTROL AND INSPECTION FOR MARINE FISHERIES 2020 – 2024 KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Fisheries Administration ែផនករសកមមភពរតួតពិនិតយ និងអធិករកិចច ជលផលសមុរទ ឆន ំ២០២០ - ២០២៤ ែផនករសកមមភពរតួតពិនិតយ និងអធិករកិចច ជលផលសមុរទ ឆន ំ២០២០ - ២០២៤ រពះរជណចរកកមពុជ រកសងួកសកិមម រកុខរបមញ ់និងេនសទ រដឋបលជលផល ជតិ សសន រពះមហកសរត ែផនករសកមមភពរតួតពិនិតយ និងអធិករកិចច ជលផលសមុរទ ឆន ំ២០២០ - ២០២៤ i»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Table of Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................................. iii list of Tables •..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•.••.••.•..••.••.••.•..••.••.••.•..••.•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•.••.••..•.••.••.••.•..••.• iv list of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ v Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... vi 1. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Policy Framework ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Goal ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Objectives ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4. Srope ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.5. Context for the dE!\lelopment of the NPCl-MF ............................................................................................................. 1 1.6. Situation of Fisheries ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.7. Description of marine capture fisheries in Cambodia coastal and marine waters ....................................................... 3 1.7.1.Coastline and fishing grounds ................................................................................................. 3 1.7.2.Marine fisheries management measures ................................................................................. 4 1. 7 .3. Domestic fishing fleets, operators, and practices ...................................................................... 6 1.7.4.0perations by foreign vessels 1.7.5.Description of fishing ports, landing sites and processing plants ................................................ 8 1.8. Cambodian vessels operating in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) ............................................................... 8 1.9. Responsible Agencies .................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.9.1.Roles and Responsibilities of the Agencies ............................................................................... 9 1.10. Resources for fisheries control .................................................................................................................................... 10 1.11. Activities of Control and Inspection ............................................................................................................................ 11 1.12. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOlj analysis of MCS activities ............................................ 11 1.13. Key Challenges ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 1.14. Key Activities for the NPCl-MF .................................................................................................................................... 12 1.14.1. Strengthen compliance of fisheries operations .................................................................. 12 1.14.2. Strengthening the institutional capacity of Agencies in Monitoring, Control and inspection .13 1.14.3. Dealing with the lack of appropriate equipment ................................................................ 13 2. STRATEGY FOR FISHERIES CONTROL AND INSPECTION IN MARINE WATERS ..................................... 13 2.1. Strengthen administrative arrangements .................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.1.Establish MCS Offices at National and Provincial level to undertake Control and lnspection ...... 14 2.1.2.Establish a Serious Marine Offences Task Team (SMOTI) ........................................................ 14 2.1.3.Establish Provincial Task Teams (PTI) .................................................................................... 14 2.2. Procure Essential Equipment for Control and Inspection ........................................................................................... 15 2.2.1.Control equipment ............................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2.Surveillance equipment ........................................................................................................ 15 2.3. Improvement of recording and licensing obligations ................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1.Register and record all fishing vessels operating in the EEZ of Cambodia ................................. 17 2.3.2. License all fishing vessels ....••.•..••.•..••.•..••.•..••.•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•....••....••....••....••.•..••.•..••. 18 2.3.3.lssuing logbooks to large and Middle scale fishing vessels ....................................................... 18 2.3.4. Record all public and private landing sites ............................................................................. 18 2.4. Strengthen law Enforcement with Gear and Area restrictions through Inspection and Prosecution ....................... 19 2.4.1.lmplementing a strategy of "Education through Prosecution" ................................................. 19 2.4.2.ldentify fishing zones to address Trawling in inshore areas, Fishing in Prohibited and Protected and Conservation areas ................................................................................................. 19 2.4.3.Conduct control and Inspection activities .............................................................................. 19 2.5. Control and Inspection Benchmarks ........................................................................................................................... 21 2.6. Selection criteria for inspection ................................................................................................................................... 21 ii «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 3. ACTION PLAN FOR CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF ILLEGAL FISHING IN CAMBODIAN MARINE WATERS NPCl 23 3.1. Priorities Activities ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.2. Matrix of activities ............................................................................................................... 24 4. EXPENDITURE ............................................................................................................................... 33 4.1. Human Resources ....................................................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.1.Control activities .................................................................................................................. 33 4.1.2.0ther land based actions ...................................................................................................... 33 4.1.3.Budget and expenditure ....................................................................................................... 35 5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ................................................................................................... 39 5.1. Verification and achieved indicators .......................................................................................................................... 39 5.2. The sustainability of the Cambodian fisheries ............................................................................................................ 39 5.3. Reducing activities that is detrimental to stodcs ......................................................................................................... 40 SA. Cost benefit analysis .................................................................................................................................................... 40 5.5. Condusion ................................................................................................................................................................... 40 6. Annexes ....................................................................................................................................................................... 42 6.1. Annex 1: Action Plan ................................................................................................................................................... 42 6.2. Annex 2: Most Important Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 46 6.3. Annex 3: The implementation of fishing Vessel Monitoring System ......................................................................... 49 6.4. Annex 4: Fish Catch Assessment Surveys ................................................................................................................... 50 7. References ................................................................................................................................... 51 iii»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Preface Fisheries in Cambodia are known internationally for their extreme importance for food safety and livelihoods of people, especially for freshwater fisheries products. Similarly, marine fisheries product has grown rapidly in the last several decades, creating employment and food security for coastal communities. Cambodia's marine waters, especially the coastal zone, are rich in key important habitats for aquatic animals such as mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass. These habitats are highly productive, but are under threat from illegal and destructive fishing practices such as trawls. In order to prevent and combat these threats, we have produced new management measures, such as community-based fisheries management in coastal areas, including protecting habitats and Marine Fisheries Management Areas (MFMAs), which are managed by Community Fisheries (CFis) in cooperation with national agencies and provincial authorities. Despite these initiatives, there is evidence that marine fisheries resources are still under great pressures from habitat destruction and overexploitation. Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a key factor undermining fisheries management planning, therefore affecting future sustainability of fisheries and marine resources, and therefore on food security and vulnerable fishers. After the establishment of the National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Marine Fishing (NPOA-IUU) 2010-2024, the National Action Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries (NPCl-MF) is the second five-year plan, which has dear objectives, strategies and activities in order to strengthen and enhance the protection of coastal and marine fisheries resources. This will be achieved through capacity building of government staff, purchasing and implementing equipment, and strengthening cooperation between fisheries administrations at the national and sub-national level as well as with concerning institutions and community fisheries, to ensure highly effective implementation. The NPCl-MF, based on a consultative process with all relevant agencies and stakeholders involved in protecting and conserving the marine environment and fisheries resources, has identified key important strategies in resolving and reducing threats to coastal and marine fisheries resources. It also provides specific measures for dealing with IUU fishing and strengthening Cambodia's institutional capacity. I deeply appreciate leaders and officers of all fisheries administrations who have worked really hard on the development of this plan, especially the European Commission that has financially and technically supported developing the NPCl-MF and its future implementation. At the end, I really hope that this NPCl-MF will be really helpful and assist the FiA in effectively managing marine and coastal fisheries resources, especially in collaborating with concerning stakeholders for combating IUU fishing, to ensure that IUU fishing will be reduced to the minimum level and to secure sustainable fishing in Cambodia. Phnom Penh, 27 May 2020 Minister Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries iv»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) list of Tables Table 1. Coastline and coastal fishing villages .................................................................................................... 3 Table 2. Number of fishing vessels in all coastal provinces that census was conducted ................................... 6 Table 3. The classification of fishing boats as three types based on the lengths distributed along the coastal provinces .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Table 4: The classification of fishing boats as five types based on the lengths distributed along the coastal provinces .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Table 5. Implementation Cost of Equipment ................................................................................................... 16 Table 6. Target benchmarks of inspection ....................................................................................................... 21 Table 7. Criteria to Evaluate Risk ...................................................................................................................... 21 Table 8. Matrix of activities .............................................................................................................................. 25 Table 9. Specific priority operational actions, the specific human resources and activity levels .................... 33 Table 10. Status of human resources and activity levels ................................................................................. 34 Table 11. Operational and Capital cost of implementing the NPCl-MF ........................................................... 36 Table 12. Operational and capital cost for implementing the NPCl-MF .......................................................... 38 Table 13. Target indicators ............................................................................................................................... 39 v «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) list of Figures Figure 1. Coastal and marine fishing grounds of the Kingdom of Cambodia ..................................................... 3 Figure 2. Cambodia's maritime boundary with neighbouring countries ........................................................... 4 Figure 3. Coordination and jurisdiction of various actors in marine waters under Jurisdiction ...................... 10 Figure 4. Command, control and coordination ................................................................................................ 15 Figure 5: A concrete block used for preventing trawling ................................................................................. 46 Figure 6: Concrete blocks used for preventing fishing gear ............................................................................. 47 Figure 7: A concrete block used as a habitat for aquatic animals (artificial reef) ............................................ 47 vi»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Abbreviations ABNJ AMS APEC APFIC ASEAN ASS DP CFA CFi CITES CPUE DAAL DFA DFC DPFIC DPWT EC ECDG Mare EEZ FAO FAOCCRF FiA FIAC FMA GDC GDP GDWMTP GPS IPOA-IUU IUU fishing LOA MAFF MaFReDI MCS MFMA Mou MPWT MSY NACA NCMS NMCS NPOA-IUU NSDP PDAFF PDPWT PMCS PSM PTT RFMO RGC RPDA-IUU SEAFDEC SM OTT SPF UN CLOS UN FSA VMS Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction ASEAN Member State Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia Pacific Fisheries Commission Association of South East Asian Nations Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan Community Fisheries Area Community Fisheries Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Catch Per Unit Effort Department of Administration Affair and litigation Department of Fisheries Affair Department of Fisheries Conservation Department of Planning, Finance and International Cooperation (Provincial) Department of Public Works and Transport European Commission European Commission Directorate of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Exclusive Economic Zone Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Fisheries Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Provincial Fisheries Administration Cantonment Fisherles Management Area General Department of Customs Gross Domestic Product General Department of Waterway and Maritime Transport, and Ports Global Positioning System lnmmational Plan of Action to Prevent; Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported Fishing Illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing length Overall: maximum length of a vessel's hull measured parallel to the waterline Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Marine Fisheries Research and Development Institute Monitoring, Control and Surveillance Marine Fisheries Management Area Memoranda of Understanding Ministry of Public Works and Transport Maximum Sustainable Yield Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and the Pacific National Committee for Maritime Security National Monitor, Control and Surveillance team National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing National Strategic Development Plan Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport Provincial Monitor Control and Surveillance team Port State Measures Provincial Task Team Regional Fisheries Management Organizations Royal Government of Cambodia Regional Plan of Action to promote responsible fishing practices including combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in the Region South East Asian Fisheries Development Centre Serious Marine Offences Task Team The Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea United Nations Fish Stock Agreement Vessel Monitoring System 1»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 1. BACKGROUND 1.1. Policy Framework The National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries {NPCl-MF) is set against two policy frameworks: a) Cambodia's international and regional obligations, and policy commitments and b) Cambodia's domestic legal and policy framework, including the National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, 2020-2024 (NPOA-IUU, 2020 2024) and the Statement of the Royal Government of Cambodia on Cambodia's Marine Fisheries Management Key Principles, as well as the 2006 Fisheries Law, currently under revision. 1.2. Goal The goal of the NPCl-MF is the development of a "control" strategy and organisation of "control" resources in a cost-efficient way to curb illegal activities and ensure compliance in marine fisheries, where "control" means monitoring, surveillance and inspection. 1.3. Objectives The objectives of the NPCl-MF are to: a) Provide guidance and support for the implementation of activities to implement the relevant international and national legal obligations; b) Implement the strategic guidance for control and inspection; c) Support implementation of marine fisheries management (including future Marine Fisheries Management Plan) and d) Support the implementation of the NPOA-IUU. 1.4.Scope The NPCl-MF shall be applicable to international and national conservation and management measures to be enforced, including, inter alia: a) All marine capture fisheries in Cambodia's EEZ, including the territorial sea, for small-scale and commercial scale fishing activities; b) All marine capture fisheries involving Cambodian fishing vessels in the EEZ of other States and the high seas; c) All Cambodian fishing ports and landing sites where fishing vessels land their catch, transhipment points and seafood processing companies; and d) All export of fish and fisheries products originating from Cambodia, and import from third party countries and vessels. 1.5. Context for the development of the N PCl-MF The development a NPCl-MF came about as one of the measures as a result of a negotiating process between the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) and the European Commission (EC). The RGC and the EC-DG MARE of the EC initiated dialogue on IUU fishing which ultimately led to the agreement on cooperating efforts to effectively address the issues of IUU-Fishing, which included: a) National fishery policy for marine fisheries resources; b) National Plan of Action for combating IUU fishing; c) Strengthening administrative institution and capacity building; d) Fisheries legal framework; e) Fisheries Management Plan; f) Scientific assessment of fish stocks; g) Fishing vessels' registration and licensing; h) Monitoring, control and surveillance {MCS); and i) International cooperation. 2 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Cambodia has consistently strived to introduce and adopt enabling measures that would result in the lifting of the 'red card'. The FiA has completed the development and adapt of the National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing (NPOA-IUU, 2020-2024), followed by a three­ year rolling work plan for implementation. Finally, the NPCl-MF, which contributes to the MCS of FAQ has been developed, which will eventually contribute to the lifting Cambodia from the list of non-cooperating third countries in combating IUU-Fishing. The NPCl-MF is an instrument developed by DG MARE and enshrined in the European Commission (EC) Council Regulation (EC) No 1224/2009. While the definitions used in this document differ somewhat from the definitions of Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), both NPCl-MF and MCS follow the same strategic goal of ensuring compliance with fisheries management rules and regulations. The NPCl-MF should be implemented in concert with the revised legal and regulatory framework and aligned with the NPOA IUU. Together they are crucial activities for Cambodia's marine fisheries reform. The NPCl-MF has two important measures: (1) fishing related activities in Cambodia's EEZ, including cross­ border trade of fish and fisheries products; and (2) fishing activities by Cambodian vessels in foreign EEZs and international waters. Therefore, the NPCl-MF will: a) identify control and inspection measures to be put in place in case Cambodia decides to reopen its international registry; and b) estimate related costs such as VMS and observer programmes, based on the situation that prevailed before the closure of the registry (in terms of number and types of fishing vessels and fishing grounds, etc.). 1.6. Situation of Fisheries Fisheries in Cambodia consist of inland fisheries, marine fisheries and aquaculture. Participants in these sectors include the family scale fishers- use artisanal fishing gear with boats without engine, the small-scale fishers - which use "low technology" fishing gear, and middle-scale and commercial-scale fishers that use "modern" fishing gear and equipment. Data from the Fisheries Administration (FiA) show that total fisheries production (including aquaculture) was around 900,000 tonnes in 2018, valued at about USD1.8 billion and providing 8-10% to the country's GDP. The value of fish exports has been estimated to be as high as USDlOO million per year. In addition to official exports, a substantial quantity of marine fishery products, mainly high-value finfish, shrimp and squids, crosses the border to Thailand and Vietnam without being reported (UNIDO/MAFF, 2015). Marine fisheries in Cambodia have developed slowly relative to inland fisheries and marine fisheries in neighbouring Thailand. However, there has been a dramatic increase in catch over the past 15 years. FiA statistics suggest a tripling of marine fish landings from 36,000 tonnes in 2000 to 120,500 tonnes in 2017 (MAFF, 2015). landings appear to have plateaued just above 120,000 tonnes. The marine component of the fisheries sector contributes about 14-16% of total fisheries production in the country. A recent report indicated that small-scale fishing, especially subsistence fishing, was under-reported, and if accounted for could bring total marine fisheries production to 200,000 tonnes (Teh et al, 2014). The dramatic increase in catch since 2000 indicates that the amount of fishing effort has remarkably increased over this period. There has been an equally dramatic increase in the number and size of vessels, the number and size of fishing gear and the amount of time fishers spend fishing. Fisheries related activities provide for the livelihoods of almost half of the country's population, with about 25% engaged in full time fishing, and the rest engaged in part-time fishing or fishing rarely (FIA, 2016-a). Fish and other aquatic animals are crucial for food and nutrition in Cambodia, where malnutrition rates are among the highest in the Asia-Pacific region. Deficiency of protein, energy and micronutrients are still 3»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) prevalent, especially in rural areas and among preschool-aged children and lactating women. Fish, a rich source of protein, fatty acids, and essential vitamins and minerals, and other aquatic animals, account for 81.5% of total animal protein intake (FiA, 2016-b). 1.7. Descrtptlon of marine capture fisheries In cambodla coastal and marine waters 1.7.1. Coastline and fishfq srounds The marine fisheries of Cambodia are located along the Gulf of Thailand from the Thai border in the northwest to the Vietnamese border in the southeast. The coastal area includes several large bays and numerous islands, and stretches across the provinces of Koh Kong, Preah Sihanouk, Kampot and Kep (Figure 1). In accordance with the current Fisheries Law, the "marine fishery domain" extends from the coastline to the outer boundary of the EEZ and covers approximately 55,000 km2 (Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, 1999). The area is relatively shallow with an average depth of about 50 metres. The length of coastline is 435 km, there are approximately 192 coastal villages (Table 1) and the current coastal population in excess of 1 million (938,986 according to 2008 Census}. Landing sites (landing areas) are distributed along the coast, with the larger ones located in the towns of Koh Kong, Preah Sihanouk, Kampot and Kep. Figure 1. Coastal and marine fishing grounds of the Kingdom of Cambodia Ma:p Defines lhc Conslal Fishing Arca in Cnmbodia h~dby f l!illtt')' IJ•:n\Jln Ofti,'C l1.lwnnA.:lmu11-•l1.lll1011 l\dubm.J..u~r .. rn.,.. lM:I l~\h Net Me.::hlllO Opm11C9 Table 1. Coastline and coastal fishing villages (FAO, 2004; cambodia 2008 Census, 2008) Province Length of coastltne Number of coastal Population (2008 (km) viii ages census) Koh Kong 237 127 117,481 Preah Sihanouk 105 35 199,902 Kam pot 67 23 585,850 Kep 26 1 35,753 Total 435 192 938,986 4 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Fishing grounds are currently divided into in-shore waters (<20m depth) and off-shore waters (>20m depth). Fishing grounds cannot be adequately discussed without some mention of the disputed areas (Figure 2). Vietnam listed an EEZ claim In 1971, followed by Cambodia In 1972, which was followed by a counter clatm by Thailand in 1973. Both these claims substantially impact on the territorial waters and EEZ of cambodia. The current status is that the overlapping claims area with Thailand is managed by the National Committee for Maritime Security (NCMS) and the Committee for Combating Illegal Activities and Monitoring Fishing in the Fishing Grounds of Koh Kong province, along the border with Thailand, which allows for fishing by both Cambodian and Thai vessels in the overlapping claims area. The Joint Historic Waters Area with Vietnam has also not been resolved, and Vietnamese Coast Guard vessels often shepherd Vietnamese industrial and pair trawling vessels into the waters of the historic zone (Figure 2) . .... .-.\ '"'•: I ~l 1'h6Dd 1m=, MYANMAril ,, 11"' / "'11'41"'C1(1t10t ,.// mic.... ........, .... 1912<0"1. ... .,,~ CAMBODIA j ~ :::=\ ~~ ,....--;-~~-+---~ q, ... " THAILAND Figure 2. cambodia's maritime boundary with neighbouring countries (Parliamentary Institute of cambodia) 1.7 .2. Marine fisheries management measures The marine fisheries domains are open access, and there is no barrier to any cambodian national entering the fisheries, with a vessel of any size, provided it is recorded with the FiA (for small fishing vessels that are independent of the obligation of MPWT), is licenced and fishes with authorised fishing gear. Marine fishers can fish for the whole year round and they may change fishing practices seasonally. According to 2018 FIA data1 trash fish (bycatch) constituted 40% of the total fish catch. This was followed by penaeld shrimp, squid and octopus, anchovies and blue swimming crabs. Landings of cockles and other shellfish are also high. Of commercially valuable fish1 species including threadfin bream, jacks and scads, mackerel, rays, needle fish and lizard fish are the most common groups caught. About 20% of catch is made up of relatively small quantities of high value fish such as grouper, barramundi, snapper, threadfin, croakers, queenfish1 and pomfrets. Mud crabs, mantis shrimps, scallops, undulate venus and other squid and octopus are also taken. 5»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) The open access nature of Cambodia's marine fisheries indicates that there are no effective controls to limit fishing capacity to a sustainable level. licences are currently used to collect access fees rather than control the access to the resources. Despite the existence of Fisheries Law (2006) that empowers the government to control illegal activities, this has not been effectively enforced in the marine environment. Main management measures for fishing in Cambodia are mentioned in the Fisheries law of 2006. This provides for the distinction between small scale fishing, previously colloquially referred to "family scale" fishing, and middle and large/industrial scale fishing. The FiA will subdivide its management structures to accommodate the distinction between small scale fishing and family scale (subsistence) fishing. Furthermore, the law of 2006 recognises commercial fishing and designates the responsible agency as the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), within which the Fisheries Department (FIA) is the lead department. Many of the management and enforcement functions have been devolved to the provincial level, the Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (PDAFF), which is then enacted in the province by the Fisheries Administration Cantonment (FiAC). Provincial structures report to the Governor of the Province (see Figure 34). a) The main fisheries management measures are: The prohibition of trawl fishing, outside the allowed zones, in waters shallower than 20m; The list of authorised fishing gear and restricted mesh size; The proclamation of a closed season from January to March for species of short body and Indian mackerels; and The prohibition of fishing in fishery conservation areas, seagrass and coral reefs. The Fisheries law of 2006, Article 11, indicates that inter alia, groups of islands, seagrass beds, coral reef areas, and mangrove forests are very important for sustainability of fisheries resources and categorized as "fisheries management areas". In addition, Article 18 specifies that these areas, which are of importance for the sustainability of fishery resources shall be classified as Protected and Conservation Areas of Fishery Resources. b) To date, two Marine Fisheries Management Areas (MFMA) have been created. These are: A 405 km' of MFMA around the islands of Koh Rong and Koh Rong Sanloem (Adapted in 2016); and The Kep Archipelago MFMA, with a total area of 11,354 ha (Adapted in 2018). Closely linked to MFMAs is the Law on Protected Areas, 2008 of Ministry of Environment. The MFMA of Koh Rong has been declared as a National Marine Park by the sub-decree of the Royal Government of Cambodia. c) Other administrative measures include: Adherence to CITES rules; The need for transport permits; and Import and export permits and transhipment restrictions on fisheries products. Of these requirements, only evidence of import and export permits could be found in use. Co-management with Community Fisheries (CFi) is a secondary management measure undertaken in Cambodia. This allows community fisheries to manage specific fishing areas. The process of establishment of a CFi is defined by Prakas 316 on Guidelines for Community Fisheries (adopted in 2007). Within the Community Fisheries Area (CFA), there is usually at least one additional fisheries conservation area, which regulates fishing within a demarcated geographic area and may be classified as a "no-take marine protected area". There are several challenges with CFAs. For example, CFis do not control the access of non- community fishers. CFi members have the right to combat illegal fishing in their CFA, but they do not have the right to fine and have limited budget to implement other management activities. These Community-based Fisheries Management Areas are assisted in enforcement by the officers of the FIA and FiACs. 6 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Catch data related to marine fishing is reported to the Fisheries Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). Catch data are obtained from logbooks and enumerated by the FiACs, but the FiACs indicated that they have compiled, estimated fish catches and submitted these data to the FIA by themselves, since very few logbooks are in circulation and used for recording data. The veracity of the data is uncertain and unverifiable because much of it is estimated from "unknown" catch sources, and then extrapolated for the total number of vessels. The existence of length frequency data, Catch Per Unit Effort data or species composition data could not be verified. No effective stock assessments have taken place for the marine fishery due to the limitations in the quality and quantity of the data. 1.7.3. Domestic fishing fleets, operators, and practices a) Fishing vessels classification The estimated total number of fishing vessels was estimated at 7352, according to the preliminary result of a FiA census conducted in 2018, shown in the table 2 below: Table 2. Number of fishing vessels in all coastal provinces that census was conducted Coastal provinces Number of fishing vessels Percentage Koh Kong 3,396 45.0% Preah Sihanouk 2,523 33.4% Kam pot 1,039 13.8% Kep 594 7.9% Total 7,552 100.0% Classification of marine fishing vessels based on length: Classification of marine fishing vessels can be done via two possible options: Option 1: Based on the Fisheries Law, all marine fishing boats are categorized into vessels of lengths equal and greater than 24 meters, between 12-24 meters, and less than 12 meters. According to the below table, there are 10 vessels longer than 24 meters, 2,324 from 12 to 24 meters, and 5,218 less than 12 meters in length accounted for. These are distributed in the four coastal provinces, as shown in Table 3 below: Table 3. The classification of fishing boats as three types based on the lengths distnbuted along the coastal provinces length-based classification Koh Kong Preah Sihanouk Kampot Kep Total (meter) ;;, 24 10 0 0 0 10 12-24 773 930 317 304 2,324 <12 2,613 1,593 722 290 S,218 Total 3,3!16 2,523 1,03!1 5!14 7,552 Option 2: In order to make it easy for management, fishing boats are classified into five types: fishing boats that of length 24 meters or longer (10 vessels), those of 18 to 24 meters accounted (115 vessels), those between 12-18 meters (2,209 vessels), those from 6 to 12 meters (4,294 vessels), and those less than 6 meters (924 vessels). Table 4 describes fishing boats that are classified into these five types and their distribution along the coastal provinces: 7»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Table 4· The classification of fishing boats as five types based on the lengths distributed along the coastal provinces length-based classification Koh Kong Preah Sihanouk Kam pot Kep Total (meter) ~24 10 0 0 0 10 18-24 67 42 6 0 115 12 - <18 706 888 311 304 2,209 6- <12 1,727 1,559 718 290 4,294 <6 886 34 4 0 !124 Total 3,396 2,523 1,039 594 7,552 In addition, there are 3 main types of fishing vessels in Cambodia according to characteristics or position of the engine: non-motorized row boats; outboard engine boats, and inboard mounted boats. The number of row boats is about 12% of boats and may be the only "true" artisanal or family fishing vessels. These vessels use crab traps, fish gillnets, and collapsible (rat-tail) traps which are currently illegal. Fishers also use these boats to penetrate mangroves to look for clams and crabs. Outboard-mounted vessels - essentially un-decked wooden boats called "long-tail" boats - make up most fishing vessels (some estimated 3,500 vessels). Length can vary from 6 to 15m LOA. They are classified as "family-scale fishing vessels", but if these boats use fishing gear exceeding what is mentioned in Declaration No. 319 Pro.Kor, these must be classified as commercial fishing boats. Most long-tail fishing boats use fishing various fishing gear types including crab gillnets, shrimp gillnets, fish gillnets, and crab traps. Other fishing gear that such long-tail boats use includes squid traps, mackerel gillnets, pelagic gillnets (Scomberomorus gillnets), longlines, push nets, seine nets (beach purse seine), and collapsible (rat-tail) traps. Most fishing boats use more than one type of fishing gear (based on season). Most fishing activities take place in shallow water areas (less than 20 meters depth). Long-tail fishing boats travel up to 120km from the beach. Inboard engine vessels - vessels with a deck - make up the remaining sector of fishing vessels. Engine range varies from 14 Hp (and 9 m long) to more than 300 Hp (+/-23 m long). These vessels have electronic equipment such as radio communication and GPS. The majority of decked vessels are operating using gill nets, squid traps, "flying net" pelagic trawl nets, etc. The trawl net used on the trawlers consists of "hard" - exposed chain "foot rope" (which can have metal discs), heavy metal and wooden doors (also known as "otter boards"), double lined nets and triple lined cod­ ends. Trawlers catch various aquatic animals including finfish, crab, shrimp, squid and trash fish, etc. Small trawlers are usually operating at night time and in waters shallower than 20 meters' depth. Inboard-engine fishing vessels use purse seines, sea cucumber push nets and squid traps, as they fish in waters deeper than 20m. Aside from this, in Koh Kong province there are fishing vessels longer than 20 meters in total length, using the inboard engines of higher than 180 Hp, operating in deeper than 20m of water contour, and using purse seines. Inboard engine vessels may also use pelagic trawl nets (also known as "flying trawl") used to catch pelagic fish, squid or large pelagic tunas or mackerel. When lined with small mesh (0.Smm) it can also be used to target anchovies or other small pelagic fish. At night time, the boats can be changed to operate longline fishing for squid. They also operate gillnets, small mesh-size surrounding nets, deep water traps for fish, shallow water traps for squid/cuttlefish, push nets for sea cucumber and blood cockle trawling. Some trawlers have changed to electrified trawl nets and pelagic trawl nets. 8 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) bl Fleet capacity A capacity assessment is an estimation of the maximum CPUE of the vessel and fleet. This takes into account vessel characteristics (length/beam, hold capacity), specific gear CPUE and effectiveness in terms of gear design, horsepower ofvessel and skill of fishers. In 2018, the FiA conducted a marine fishing vessel census, which will provide data on fishing vessel characteristics in more detail, such as power and engine configuration, hold capacity, LOA, beam, etc., and can be seen as a first step towards a fishing fleet capacity assessment. These data will advance the understanding and calculation of the specific fishing capacity for the Cambodian fleet. c) Ownership of the marine fishing vessels The result from marine fishing vessel census in 2018 showed that, fishers own one fishing vessel is 89%, two fishing vessels are 8%, three fishing vessels are 2% and <!:four fishing vessels are 1% (only in Koh Kong and Preas Sihanouk province). Most small-scale and medium scale fishing vessels (<15m) are owner-operator owned. d) Registration and licensing of fishing vessels The current number of licensed fishing vessels accounted for 116 vessels in 2018. One of the challenges is that according to current regulations, fishing vessels are required to have prior registration with the MPWT. During the census in 2018 conducted by the FiA, total marine fishing vessels accounted for 7,552 units and were marked and owners were provided with vessel ID. Among them were 10 vessels longer than 24 meters, 2,324 vessels between 12-24 meters, and 5,218 vessels less than 12 meters. 1.7.4. Operations by foreign vessels Two trawlers from China have been authorized by the Cambodian Government to fish in Cambodia in 2018, but they have yet to be presented. 1.7.5. Description of fishing ports, landing sites and processing plants There appears to be no designated port for use in Cambodia by foreign fishing vessels, as prescribed in the FAO PSM agreement. Cambodia is currently deliberating internally to allocate a port designated for landing of foreign flagged vessels. There is a licensing process prescribed for registering fish landing sites as well as semi-industrial and industrial processing facilities. Currently almost all landings and discharges of fish catch take place at private facilities, and the management of these landing facilities are still limited. There are few large private-owned facilities in Koh Kong and Preah Sihanouk province. Transhipment of fish catch occurs at sea, as well as at some landing sites, especially those close to borders where fish are shipped to neighbouring countries. The movement of fish from moored fishing vessels to buyers on shore is not viewed as transhipment, but as an additional transport of fish catch under the supervision of the fishing vessel's owners. 1.8. Cambodian vessels operating in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) Cambodia's international shipping registration was closed in August 2015. Currently no fishing vessels are registered to fish in ABNJ. The MPWT is considering re-opening its register to shipping and fishing vessels in the future. Before, there were 6 Cambodian flagged vessels operating in the waters under the management of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine living Resources (CCAMLR) and one fish carrier operating under the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT). Cambodia is debating its own registration system (as a flag state) for non-IUU vessels in order to fish in other State's EEZs, in international waters and RFMO areas. 9»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 1.9. Responsible Agencies 1.9.1. Roles and Responsibilities of the Agencies Principally, the agencies involved in Control and Inspection actions are the FiA Inspectorate for marine fisheries (based in Preah Sihanouk City) and the FiACs of the coastal provinces (under the PDAFFs). The Marine Police (technically the Marine Border Police) conduct separate patrols but not specifically aimed at fisheries enforcement, with a significant presence at border regions. The National Committee for Maritime Security (NCMS) was created in December 2009 to promote inter­ agency coordination for cooperation with neighbouring countries and other countries in the region, security partners, and international institutions in order to strengthen maritime security and respond to all kinds of threats, including terrorism, piracy, human trafficking, cross-border crimes, drug trafficking, illegal fishing, environmental pollution, destruction of natural resources and natural disasters. The NCMS is leaded by Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Ministry of National Defence, it connects key institutions such as Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, MPWT, MAFF, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Environment, Fisheries Administration (FiA Inspectorate and FiAC), General Department of Customs (GDC), and governors of the coastal provinces. To facilitate the joint operation of combined forces, the NCMS has its own front-line command structure - Tactical Commend Headquarter of General Secretariat of NCMS, located at Ream Maritime base. The Tactical Commend Headquarter of General Secretariat of NCMS host monthly coordination meetings at national and provincial level, where threats are discussed and briefings provided on intended patrol plans and areas. The NCMS host meeting twice per year. In addition, there is another committee for combating illegal activities and monitoring fishing in the fishing grounds of Koh Kong province, along the border with Thailand. This committee's members consist of the governor of Koh Kong, advisor of the Prime Minister, Commander of the Maritime Border, and provincial departments and concerning institutions in Koh Kong. This committee has the duty to: combat anarchic (illegal) fishing and protect the legal fishing practices of local people; combat illegal transportation of forestry products, non-timber forest products, and processed timber; combat smuggled goods, drugs and other illegal activities; to cooperate and communicate with responsible Thai authorities on fish exploitation and other relevant matters on the maritime waters of Cambodia and Thailand and overlapping claims area between Cambodia and Thailand, and discuss and solve any conflicts with Thai counterparts in a friendly and peaceful way, etc. This committee conducts meeting every three months in order to summarize activities and discuss results of the work in order to submit to the Royal Government of Cambodia. The police guard the water border of the Ministry of Interior is also plays role to inspect activities at sea, including fishing vessels. However, the coordination at an operational day-to-day level at the FiAC and lower tiers of government are not integrated, primarily because they are very influenced by weather, seasonal staff availability and operational status of patrol vessels and vehicles. 10 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) \\fatcr beyond national jurisdic1ion Exclusive Economic Zone 20 n1 isoba1hs •••••• ••••• 1Vlarinc Protected Arc-a. No lishing Overlapping Clai1ns Area Nmion:il (iQ\'crnmcnl: t>.tiniS1l)' Of Ag.ticuhurc Forcs1r>• and FiS:hcrics : and Fisheries Adm;nis1ra1ton National ComrniU\.'<: for lvlaritimt S«ur ity A Commiucc f'Ot' comb..'l1ilg illegal acti,•ities and 1nonit0ting fishing in the fishing grounds of Koh Kt'mg prQ\'incc, along lhc border wilh Thailand !Xpanmcnt of f\1arinc Cc.>nscn·atton ... ~-a<-~ ••••• AA~,.,.,. ..... .. ... . . .... ar)(I Coos1al Zo11c and Provincial •••·· • •• · ...... ........ • !Xpatlmcnt of Environment District border -:' t;F.: 7 ./ -+-t- ,Provinci:1I f\dn1inis1rn1ion: ,... Dc1>artnlelll of .-\gricullUrc Forcsuy a11d Fisheries. Fishcrics Cruuonnlelll Fishcrk'$ Adm;nis1ra1ion l)i\' isions (District lc, 'cl) ... . -+-- Marine Traflic Blolicc . .. .. Community Fishing Areas Fiaure 3. Coordiriation and jurisdictiori oharious actor.; iri waters under Cambodian Jurisdictiori 1.10. Resources fvrftsherfes control 1.10.1. Equipment and Materials There are e>ctremely llmlted materlals and equipment avallable fvr enforcement at the national and provlnclal level. The FIA lrispectorate Is the best equipped of all the non-military agencies that are part of the NCMS with two operatlonal patrol boats with the total length of 18 meters of each, which despite being 36 years old and with minimal modem survelllance equipment, stlll regularly undertake patrolllng. The FIA.CS In Koh Kong, Preah Sihanouk and Kep have one patrol boat, and the Kampot FiAC has two patrol boats. Almost all these patrol vessels do not have surveillance equipment, communication equipment or an echo sounder. There Is no Vessel Monltorlne System (VMS) to track domestic fishing vessels but the Navy does operate radar stations to detect surface vessel movements. Vessel position data from the International Automatic ldentlflcatlon System (AIS), supplied via an arrangemerit wtth China, Is available but does not cover the flshlng fleet. There Is a vehlcle at the Marine Inspectorate for patrolltng, wh!le all FIACS do not have a vehicle for patrolllnc or inspection on land or at fish landine sites. There is no aerial surveillance activity at sea. 1.10.2. Human resources One key challenge Is human resource at the national and provlnclal level. The multi-disciplinary status of most staff occurs at natlonal and prollfnclal level. Most of the work corislsts of community flsherles development, administration, law enforcement, and aquaculture development and conservation, etc. National fisheries staff work based on their technical e>1pertise. All coastal provincial staff, which have the duty to work on law enforcement, consist of: 2 people in Kep; 8 people in Kampot, 9 people in Preah Sihanouk and S people in Koh Kong. The Marine Fisheries Inspectorate has 27 staff, which consists of one director, siK deputy director, five administrators, and 1S patrol team members (Includlne two drivers, two enetneers, and two chiefs on two patrol boats). lbere are 19 jurldlcal pollce officers. In order to effectively fulfll the duty, more staff should be reau!ted for the coastal FIA.Cs. 11»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Officers of the Marine Fisheries Inspectorate and coastal FiACs have been undertaking training on basic control and inspection with other local authorities and agencies for some time, but they need additional training courses on skill development, including: a) Procedure of Port State Measures - boarding and inspection procedure; b) Marine criminal law, inspection at sea, document fraud, fish species identification, fishing gear identification, evidence collection, etc. to juridical police officers; and c) Monitoring, collection and analysis of data of inspection for implementing a Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). 1.11. Activities of Control and Inspection The Marine Fisheries Inspectorate undertakes the bulk of patrols at sea. Patrolling takes place approximately 10-15 days per month for the two large patrol vessels (each). The vessel patrols are the most active control activities and concentrate on illegal gear and illegal vessels. The FiACs indicate a range of patrolling activities taking place on average 7 - 10 days per month. Patrolling using land vehicles has limitations at local bases due to a lack of means of transportation and budget. 1.12. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of MCS activities Regarding MCS activities, SWOT analysis has been conducted to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. There are a few opportunities and strengths, while a key threat is lack of political will. The main weaknesses, are: a) A lack of stakeholder's attention on fisheries due to low perceived contribution of fisheries to the country's GDP. This has, therefore, resulted in an extremely limited budget allocation for fisheries management (including MCS). The lack of data indicating the health of the stocks and the perception of the fisheries contribution to the poor resulted in food security issues. b) Issuing a license for a fishing boat is challenging due to the fact that prior to issuing a license, registration of the fishing boat at the MPWT is required. c) Fishing and transporting fisheries products across borders between Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam has not been properly managed. 1.13. Key Challenges Main IUU fishing activities include Unregulated fishing activities: Almost fishing vessels operate without fishing vessel registration or fishing licenses in the Cambodian EEZ; Fishing capacity is increasing in public fishing grounds; "Big trawl fishing vessels" with large hold capacity and horsepower, several times larger than the average trawl vessel, are being constructed; Fishing activity is essentially operated without following existing regulations; Exporting fisheries products from IUU fishing to neighbouring countries; Fish landing at unregistered landing sites; Fish processing facilities are unregistered or unlicensed; Foreign vessels fishing without licensing from their flag state. Unreported fishing activities: The number of Thai and Vietnamese vessels fishing illegally in the waters under Cambodian jurisdiction is not known; No record of catch from Cambodian vessels landed in the landing sites of neighbouring countries; No record of fish catch landed in Cambodia, and the ~ quality exported to neighbouring countries; No information on fish catch, catch by species composition or length frequency analyses. 12 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Illegal activities By Cambodian fishing vessels o Some fishing boats fishing without registration, or recording or licensing; o Violations of trawlers in fishing grounds that are shallower than 20m deep contour; o Habitat destruction by fishing vessels (seagrass and coral reef); o legal and illegal vessels use fishing gear with illegal mesh sizes for trawls, gillnets, crab traps, purse seines, and other modified illegal gear such as small mesh "bags" in cod-end of trawlers. electrocuted trawls, or undefined fishing gear such as pelagic trawls or sea­ cucumber harrows; o Use of banned gear such as dynamite, motorized push nets, electrocuted trawls, collapsible (rat-tail) traps, and sea-cucumber harrows; o Use of fishing gear not on the list of authorised fishing gear, such as rat-tail traps, pots and sea cucumber harrows; o Violation of gear limits by "family scale" fishing vessels; o Violation of closed seasons; o Fishing in dosed areas {conservation areas) of community fishing areas; o Fishing with prohibited gear in community fishing areas. By foreign vessels o Possible neighbouring countries IUU vessels landing fish catch in Cambodia (currently, Thai vessels are tracked with AIS for only bigger than 30 GT). llwt tl'ley Thai vessels could be able to land their catches in Cambodia if there is authorization from the FiA; o Fishing vessels from neighbouring countries fishing in Cambodian waters without authorization and use of gear that are not legal in Cambodia (pair trawl, electrocuted trawl and light-attracting fishing. By Cambodian citizens o Transhipment and transport of possible IUU fisheries products from neighbouring countries; o Export of possible IUU fisheries products to neighbouring countries; o Destruction of fishery habitats (e.g. mangrove forests, seagrass beds and coral reefs). Neighbouring countries o Export of re-branded fisheries products from probable IUU origin in Cambodia; o Allowing landing of Cambodian fishing vessels; o Use of unregulated and illegally imported trash fish from Cambodia in mariculture and livestock feed processing plants. 1.14. Key Activities for the NPCl-MF 1.14.1. Strengthen compliance of fisheries operations The assessment of risks, fisheries resources, sustainability of fish stocks and conservation areas which have been conducted during the implementation of NPOA IUU and the review of the NPCI process, have identified the sustainability of fisheries resources and food security as the biggest threats, and these threats as used to determine the objectives of the NPCl-MF. This assessment clearly identified key areas where strategic intervention is required: Licensing to fishing vessels, which includes registration/recording of fishing vessels, and communication and coordination between the FiA and the MPWT; Stopping fishing in unauthorised or protected areas (such as trawling waters shallower than 20m, fishing in community conservation areas, fishing in closed areas of MFMAs); Preventing fishing with illegal gear, including unauthorised fishing gear; Apprehending foreign vessels fishing without authorisation in waters under Cambodian jurisdiction. 13»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 1.14.2. Strengthening the institutional capacity of Agencies in Monitoring. Control and inspection Priority actions are: Strengthen the FiA's leadership role at MAFF. To achieve this, the FiA shall establish a National MCS Management Team under the leadership of the DDG. This management team shall implement the objectives of the NPCI at the National and Provincial level; Establishing a professional Inspectorate which will exclusively undertake MCS and combat IUU issues by implementing the objectives of the NPCl-MF; Establishing provincial coastal MCS management teams in each province Assist FiACs to build professional skills in inspection, to allow them to exclusively deal with MCS and IUU issues. 1.14.3. Dealing with the lack of appropriate equipment Equipment is one of the fundamental enabling conditions of effective implementation of the NPCl-MF. Effective equipment, such as patrol vessels, aerial surveillance and Vessel Monitoring Systems will greatly enhance the ability to effectively and efficiently undertake MCS operation to combat IUU fishing. New patrol vessels will greatly increase the effectiveness of inspection because new vessels would be able to travel more economically, carry more people, have a longer range and remain at sea longer and in more unsettled weather. A VMS will enhance the effectiveness of patrol vessels by providing them with information on target areas that contain high concentrations of fishing vessels, allow patrol vessels to travel to such fishing vessel concentrations faster, or track vessels heading across borders, which they would previously not have known about. VMS would also increase protection of protected areas and increase the productivity of marine resources, leading to an increase in fish catch. Chartering aircraft to conduct aerial surveillance can dramatically improving fisheries compliance. Flights to search for fishing patterns, distribution of fishing effort and areas of fishing will greatly assist in adding knowledge and effectiveness in identifying areas and deploying patrol vessels to the areas where they are needed - thereby reducing patrol time, fuel costs and staff time. Several cost-effective aerial surveillance options can be found even in Cambodia, and range from drones to manned aircraft. 2. STRATEGY FOR FISHERIES CONTROL AND INSPECTION IN MARINE WATERS The Strategic Goal is to address the 4 key areas identified in the risk assessment. The first risk to the fishery resources is primarily Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fishing. Thus, IUU fishing should be addressed in a comprehensive manner to exert control over all fishing activities and fishing vessels operating in the waters under its jurisdiction, as well as vessels on the Cambodian Register fishing in areas beyond national jurisdiction. The specific strategic goals shall include inter a/ia: Ensuring that all fishing vessels and all fishing operations comply with national legislation and Cambodia's international obligations, including catch, processing, import and export provisions; Implement measures to ensure coordination at national and provincial levels between stakeholders to improve the effectiveness of management and reduce duplication of efforts; Maintain fish stocks at sustainable levels through reducing and eliminating IUU fishing and improving management through the development of Fisheries management plans. To reduce, deter and eliminate these risks identified in point 1.13 and 1.14 above, the NPCl-MF contains four strategic objectives: 1. Strengthen the administrative arrangement of the FiA and the FiAC; 2. Procure essential facilities and materials for patrol boats and other equipment for patrolling work; 3. Undertake registration and licensing of the Cambodian fishing fieet; 4. Undertake patrolling using vessels and vehicles, and implement an educational principle through prosecution. 14 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 2.1.Strengthen administrative arrangements 2.1.1. Establish MCS Offices at National and Provincial level to undertake Control and Inspection The National MCS Management Team will be responsible with the implementation of the NPCl-MF and shall report to the DG of the FIA. The FiA's DG who shall report to the Minister of MAFF and via appropriate reporting mechanisms, provide information to the Coastal Provincial Governors. It will also be responsible for liaising with the NCMS for intervention support (Figure 4). The National MCS Management Team should facilitate the implementation of the NPCl-MF by: Reviewing information on IUU fishing and implement specific plans to prevent, deter and eliminate serious offences using SMOTT (Figure 4}; and Ensure that administrative actions are implemented, such as licensing and registration of fishing vessels and strengthening Control and Inspection to verify the administrative mechanisms are in place and adhered to by participants in fishing. The National MCS Management Team shall also assist the PDAFF and FiAC to establish a Provincial Coastal MCS Management Team in each coastal province under the leadership of f'DAFF and with the coordination of the FiA. The PMCS Management Teams (PCMS) will consist of officers from FiACs and other concerning responsible agencies in order to undertake routine coordinated action plans. The PMCS Management teams shall report to the NMCS Task Team and support with communication between National and provincial authorities. 2.1.2. Establish a Serious Marine Offences Task Team (SMOTT) Once established, the National MCS Management Team shall establish a special task team to address serious marine offences, undertake investigations and plan for Control and Inspection. It is proposed that the Serious Marine Offences Task Team (SMOTT) consist of FIA judicial police officers under the lead of a senior judicial officer from the FiA Inspectorate. 2.1.3. Establish Provincial Task Teams (PTT) The PMCS Management teams will establish Provincial Task Teams (PTT) in each province, consisting of FiAC Judicial officers and staff from other concerning agencies (the specific make-up to be determined based on available resources). These PTTs will be responsible for PMCS Management teams, and report the operations, successes and challenges. The PTTs shall: prevent, deter and combat illegal fishing mentioned in the Fisheries Law of 2006; plan and conduct marine and land-based operations; liaise with the Serious Marine Offense Task Team (SMOTT) and report to the National MCS Management Team; Implement the routine fisheries inspection at sea and on land; and Assist FiACs in protecting their fisheries resources. 15»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Prime Minister National Committee on Maritime Security-NCMS MAFF FiA National MCS Management Team Serious Marine Offense Task Team-SMOTT Provincial Task Teams-PTT Provincial MCS Management Team PDAFFs and FiACs Provincial Governars Committee for combating illegal activities and monitoring fishing in the fishing grounds of Koh Kong province, along the border with Thailand 16 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) FiA should strongly consider implementing a vessel monitoring system with an operations room (see recommendation on VMS above). Proposed essential equipment and facilities, and indicative cost are listed below (investment coasts must be identified and auctioned by a private company): Table 5. Implementation Cost of Equipment Type ""'' Current existing Government Number of resources/equip Equlpment/facflltles equipment/ Cost of equipment/facilities Operatlonal cost (annual), not Including: ment needed facilities salaries requested Smart tool's Papers based 120 set of Black.view Inland and USO +l~ 7 to 800 !!!l!r unit support report moblle phones Marlne equipment for Inspectorate inspectors and and FiAC and FIACto monitor and record their activities Border Patrol 2slowand A vessel: 20- 24 m 1 vessel, USO +la 7 to 800 000 with USO 360 000 I vear fUSD 30,000 I month) boat for inefficient patrol Hull: Aluminium. with crew of 4 domestic build of Aluminium with 15 days use per month. operating along vessels, lncapable Accommodation: 14 x to operate krt vessel, with marlnrzed [Alm fur 100 l/h. engine, meaning 2 the border and of apprehending berths. vessel truck engines. engines x 10h/day x 1 USO/I = USO EEZ IUU vessels. No Engines: 3 x CATC32 and 12-15 2,000/day] electronic ACERT D·Rating. Speed Fisheries USD +/- 100,000 for radar, Additional undetermined costs: survelllance @ Cruise: 16 Knots, officers on communication, and Service and maintenance: equipment such Speed @ Full: 22 Knots. "'"d satnav/plotter, 8.5 m USDS0,000/year as radar. 80001 fuel capacity inspection vessel and Fire- Insurance: N/A No modern tanks {add additional fighting equipment.I DSAs: 19 people x 10 days x 12 months x navigatron or 5 0001 fuel) USD35"' USD79,800/year communh::at1on Air-conditioners equipment Sterndrive and stern launched Rescue Boat: 8.5m Guardian Interceptor with a launch & recovery Davit. Deck Space: 51sqm. FfF! equipment Inshore and At least: 4 lnshore Opt!onl: 4 Inshore Purchasing second hand: -Expenses: USD72,000 x 4 vessels= offshore patrol patrol vessels but 14m MANOMA/ Patrol Vessels, US0200,000 to 500,000 X 4 US028B,OOO boats slow and catamaran with with crew of 3 vessels= USO 800.000 to ~Operations: USD6,000/month and 10 inefficient, accommodation per vessel and 2.000.00(.12. days/month incapable of capacity to -Fuel consumption: 100 I/hour (for both apprehending transport If locally built, it costs around engines), to be used 6 hours/day= 600 I x IUU vessels 8-12 Fisheries USD300,000/vessel USD1/I "' USD600/day/vessel officers on board Additional undetermined costs: Service and maintenance: USDS0,000/year Insurance: N/A DSAs: 15 people x 10 days x 12 months x USD35 = USD63,000/year. Option2: 2 vessels, with USO 600.IXlO {USO 300,000 Ex~nse of USD144,000~ar or 12-14m new wooden crew of3 per each) to be built locally. USD6,000 per month. And vessel vessel built. These vessel operated at 10 days per month with: vessels could patrol the and 8-12 501/hour {using both engines) x 12h/day x protected areas and Fisheries 2 vessels x 1 USD/I = USO 1,200/day play an important role officers in vlslble polrclng. Patrol vehicles 1 vehicle for FIA, 4x4 double cab (Nissan 6 vehicles (2 fur USD240.000 (purchase price -Expenses: USO 57,600 per year for the 6 1 vehicle for or Toyota) FIA for 6 vehicles) vehldes (USD9,600/ year/vehlde or Marine [+Inspectorate] USDSOO/month. Inspectorate, 4 and 1 for each -Fuel consumption per vehicle: 401/day x vehldes for 4 FiAC/ Province) 20 days x USD1/I =USD800/month/ FIACs (each get vehicle I one). ~Additional undetermined costs: Service and maintenance: US2,500/year/vehlde x 6 vehicles "' USD15,000/year Insurance: USDl,200/vehicle x 6 vehicles "' USD7,200/year. DSAs: 4 people x 20 days x 12 months x USD35=U5D33,600/year 17»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Type Cost Current exist.Ing Government Number of resources/equip Equipment/facilities equipment/ Cost of equlpment/f'adllties Operational cost (annual), not including ment needed fadllltles salaries requested Hiring aerial USD -Average estimation: USD 430,000 per surveillance 4,000/hour, year; plane For 2 fisheries - Highest estimation: USD 570,000/ year officers of (12hr/month); Marine m Lowest estimation: USD 288,000/year Inspectorate (6hr/month). Concrete 1,000 units Private sector, or NGOs, +/-1,000 units USD500,000 fur construction The cost fur transportation is included in blocks for (budget from or development to be deployed and deployment of 1,000 the construction's cost. habitat externally funded partners to construct units at an average of protection and projects) concrete blocks USD500/unft. enhancement Satellite based No VMS In place, Procurement and 10 units at Outsourcing the management To be installed for 10 vessels VMS for vessels insufficient staff contracting for USD3000/unit and operation of VMS with !ntheABNJ at Natlonal installatlon the cost cf USD 6000/ vessel, Departments and the FIA to purchase VMS w!th the cost of USOl00,000/unit. VMS Units for Procurement and 120 units USD +/-1 million {units and USD60,000 middle scale contracting for software, at USD.500 /unit) fishing vessels installation >18m ;{Satelllte AIS) VMS for middle Procurement and Download GSM Contract with a company at USD100,000 scale fishing contracting for software for approximately vessels installation installing 3,000 USD0.5 to USD1 million < 18m and units of mobile (estimated) to procure and trawl <12M; phone Install units and provide {GSM mobile equipment and database fer a phone app) centralised VMS system for FIA to administer Fisheries Procurement of 4 to 6 Fisheries Monitoring hardware and software officers Center Total Cost lndlcative com: Indicative toSt: Lowest OE!;lons = USD 4 USDl.5 mllllon/y@ar mlllfon H~er oE!;lon =USO 6 mll!lon 2.3. Improvement of recording and licensing obligations The main driver of administrative non-compliance with the Fisheries Law of 2006 - FiA being unable to provide licensing for many fishing vessels - is that the task of fishing registration is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport and Provincial Coastal Departments of Public Works. Progress with amending the law of MPWT to revise the registration process is slow and it is unclear when the draft will be adopted by parliament. The FiA will initiate closer cooperation with the General Department of Waterway and Maritime Transport and Ports (GDWMTP), and provincial Department of Public Works and Transport (DPWT) on registration of fishing vessels through the joint technical working group between the two agencies. 2.3.1. Register and record all fishing vessels operating in the EEZ of Cambodia In parallel to the ongoing work of the joint technical working group, the FiA implemented a census of all fishing vessels in 2018, and all motorized fishing vessels that were identified have received a Census Card with a census number. These data were collated in a database and will form the basis of Cambodia's National Record of Fishing vessels. Fishing vessels that were allocated a Census card have been provided with a Certificate of Licensing. FiA shall continue with recording all new fishing vessels which are constructed or imported. The classification of marine fishing vessels was clarified by the FiA, as follows: Large scale vessels: <! 24 m LOA Middle scale vessels: 12-< 24 m LOA, and trawlers of less than 12 m LOA Small scale vessels: Less than 12 m LOA, excluding trawlers Subsistence/family-scale vessels: vessels without an engine. 18 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 2.3.2. License all fishing vessels The FiA should provide licenses to fishing vessels even if they are not registered at the time with the General Department of Waterway and Maritime Transport and Ports (GDWMTP) or provincial Department of Public Works and Transport (DPWT), if these fishing vessels have census cards (recorded). The FiA shall establish license conditions for fishing vessels and issue them to all licensed fishing vessels, where the license conditions shall: a) Identify the type of vessel (or class, such as large, middle scale, etc.) and fishing gear thatthe license conditions shall apply to; b) Identify the type of gear that a vessel is allowed to deploy and specify the particular areas and/or season. For example, no mackerel nets may be on-board in the closed season from 15 January to 31 March; and c) A Prakas be promulgated that dearly identifies legal and illegal fishing gear and specifically illegal fishing practices such as modifying trawl gear. For example, "double knotted cod-end" of a trawler. Following this, the FiA and FiACs shall immediately license all fishing vessels in possession of a Census Card (see above). The approach should be staggered with, for example: Year 1: Initiate the process to licence fishing vessels > 18 m to be licenced in period January to December 2020; Year 2: During 2021 commence on the licensing of all fishing vessels which are < 18. A provisional licensing schedule is provided in the Matrix of Activities in Error! Reference source not found.; From 3 to year 5, FiA and FiACs shall undertake annual renewal of fishing licenses for all vessels that have been issued a licence during past years. 2.3.3. Issuing logbooks to large and Middle scale fishing vessels The administrative bottle neck caused by the lack of registration is affecting FiA's ability to fully manage its fisheries. Fisheries recording in logbooks can be a useful method to collect fisheries information. The current legislation does not require fishing vessels that do not have a license to have a log book. Where possible, the FiA may issue logbooks to large and middle scale fishing vessel upon licensing. The fisheries specific data from medium scale, small scale and family scale will be collected through a sampling or survey strategy to be developed by the FIA. Please find more detail in Error! Reference source not found •. Reservations regarding Implementation of observer schemes However, when evaluating the estimates of the catch assessment programs costs, implementing the recommended number of sampling would not be too high, even with a 5% sampling coverage for family scale vessels. A more cost-effective method would be to encourage self-reporting for family scale vessels, with bi­ annual statistical catch assessments, rather than domestic the catch assessment programs. Examples of self­ reporting data systems (using mobile technology) called "Our fish" or "Abalobi". The self-reporting apps have the benefit that they operate in real-time, are "user pays", which means the fishers will pay for data costs. This software can provide stock assessment-type data, species composition, position of fishing fleet, and catch per unit effort data. Generally, these data use data compressing techniques and are very cost effective. large and medium scale fishing vessels can be targeted with the catch assessment programs, but the level of sampling representative is as low as 2-4%, and may be statistically significant because the vessels use similar gear and fish in the same fishing grounds and target the same stocks. Thus 2% - 3% of sampling would be scientifically viable and cost effective. These the catch assessment programs can be phased step by step to the fisheries in a similar manner as the proposed licensing of fishing vessels. 2.3.4. Record all public and private landing sites While it is incumbent on the operators of both public and private landing sites to obtain permission and a license, there is poor compliance with the process. FiA will record the position of all active public and 19»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) b) FiA should identify high-risk fishing areas such as seagrass beds, coral reefs and borderline areas with neighbouring countries in order to map them and set up concrete blocks (artificial reefs), and conduct frequent monitoring based on the plan (see on Zonation and deployment of concrete blocks and passive protection options). FiA should also establish new MFMAs; 20 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) a) Vessel based control measures: Vessel based inspection and control measures are essential for most effective MCS. Below are some of the successful components of a vessel-based control: An effective system to licensing of vessels; A Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) for industrial and middle scale vessels; Observer systems should be established (shore based or sea based); and An effective data collection system and stock assessment methodology should be established. bl Vessel inspection at sea Vessel-based patrols have proven to be an effective measure to control fishing activity at sea to reduce, prevent and eliminate IUU fishing. In order to undertake effective vessel-based control and inspection, patrol vessels need to be cost effective, able to intercept and apprehend threats and provide a visible deterrence (more on this topic later). Inspections at sea can address many issues: Documentation: license and registration, fishing crew documentation, competency certificates of vessel's captain; VMS function (functional/not); Observers (health treatment of crews, report of delinquent behaviour); Fishing gear: types of fishing gear, lengths, mesh sizes, numbers, and attachments; Catch: assessment (volume [capacity or weight], size, by-catch), comparison with logbook/landing declaration (sampling, etc); Verifying foreign flagged fishing vessels on innocent passages. c) Inspection on landing and mooring sites: Validity of landing sites' permit/authority; Documentation on fishing vessel: license and registration, fishing crew documentation; VMS function; Observers (treatment, report of delinquent behaviour); Fishing gear: types of fishing gear, mesh sizes, number of traps, length of fishing gear allowed and attachments; Catch: assessment (volume [capacity or weight], size, by-catch), comparison with logbook/landing declaration (sampling, etc); and Check fishing vessels operating under foreign flags. d) Inspection on land: Control activities should take place at fishing port and/or landing sites, fish transferring sites, temporary or permanent parking sites, and undertake the following: Check validity of permission to fish (expiry dates); Check documents for registration, licensing, vessel logbook, and competency certificates of vessel's captain; VMS (whether it is functional or not); Observers (health check and report on behaviour); Fishing gear, type of fishing gear, length, size, mesh size, numbers and attachments; Catch: assessment (volume [capacity or weight], size, by-catch), comparison with logbook/landing declaration (sampling, etc); If any fish is transported - check transport permits; Transhipment monitoring; Implementation of provisions of Port State Measures agreement (when inspecting foreign fishing vessels); and Fishing activities in allowable zones (Note: Zonation for fishing was strongly recommended during consultation with FiA, FiACs and concerning institutions. Zonation should be implemented through an amendment to the Fisheries law, a sub-decree on marine fisheries and fishing in international waters, or a condition written in the licensing document. See Annex 2 on Zonation and Concrete Blocks). e) Inspection of marketing and processing establishments: The inspection at fish markets and processing plants should look at key important points in the following: 21»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Validity of processing establishment's permit/authority; Health certification; Transport permits of fish; Length/size of fish; and Import/export documentation, inter alia, the origin of the fish and fisheries products. f) Inspection at points of entry and exit Import/Export documentation (such as a Certificate of Origin of the products); CITES Permits (for endangered species); and Compliance with the Fisheries law, such as a catch certification that provides a Certificate of Origin for the products. 2.5.Control and Inspection Benchmarks The benchmarks of control and inspection is important for measuring the effectiveness of these activities. Below (Table 6) is the list of inspection benchmarks that the provincial authorities (FiACs and/or PDAFFs) and the FiA should reach to ensure successful control and inspection. Table 6. Target benchmarks of inspection Targets to be set in terms of number of vessels or activities or areas per province{%) Activity 2020 2024 Data recorded on activities (Year 1) (Year 5) undertaken, preferable on an electronic: system such as "Smarr' or "Abalobi" Inspection of fishing vessels in Port, 5% of vessels 80% inspected in Data verified and analysed transhipments or landing sites by FiA and inspected last 5 years by FiAC in each province in their area of competence Inspection of vessels at sea by FlA and by 5% of registered 80% of registered Data verified and analysed by FiAC in each province in their area of vessels inspected vessels inspected at inspection at fishing ports/landing competence sea in the last 5 sites. Reports to be posted in years websites of the port's owners. Inspect that VMS installed on all trawlers, 0% 100% of vessels 80% of all fishing vessels inspected semi-industrial by FiA and by FiAC in each within 5 years province in their area of competence Inspection and certification of fish 5% 50% with certified Data verified and analysed. 50% of processing facilities by FiA and by FiAC in letter of locations all processing facilities inspected in each province in their area of competence and products in 5 past 5 years years Community fisheries areas adequately 10%ofCFAs 80% offishing Data verified and analysed. 80% of patrolled and inspected by FiACs patrolled vessels all CFAs inspected in 5-year period Fishing vessel Registration system initiated 0% 100% of vessels Liaison with MPWT and reports and completed by FiA and by FiAC in each from FiACs, to be compared data province in their area of competence with the census Fishing vessel licensing system initiating 0% 100% of vessels FiA and FIACs to Imitate and and completed by FiA and by FiAC in each complete licensing. province in their area of competence 2.6. Selection criteria for inspection Below (Table 7) is illustrated how Cambodia has defined criteria to evaluate the level of risk of non­ compliance (risk profile) in order to determine a "risk code" for vessels (high, medium and low risk). The majority of these actions will be conducted during field inspections, with some verification by officials based at the national offices. Table 7. Criteria to Evaluate Risk Activity Risk profile Inspection action Low/medium/high Note or Inspect Previous compliance and inspection No record of violations - low If low - Note only history of the vessel; master; processing less than 3 violations in past 5 If Medium - Inspect if time allows and no plant; importer or exporter years- Medium other higher risk activities detected 22 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Activity Risk profile Inspection action Low/medium/high Note or Inspect More than 3 violations - high If High - Inspect. The introduction of new rules and Medium/High If Medium - Inspect if time allows and no regulations; other higher risk activities detected If High - Inspect. Report from legal operator and/or CFl High Inspect. committee; Industrial scale of vessel with illegal gear High Inspect. and/or fish in illegal zones; Semi-industrial Category of vessel wlth Low/medium If Low - Note only gear restrictions and I or zone restrictions If Medium - Inspect if time allows and no for fishing; and Family scale vessels other higher risk activities detected Consistency among documents and actual Consistent- low If Low - Note only inspection results (e.g. fish catch not Minor Inconsistency- Medium If Medium - Inspect if time allows and no consistent with fishing gear); Significant inconsistency- High other higher risk activities detected If High - Inspect. Reliabillty and accuracy of required Consistent- low If low - Note only documents especially log books; Minor Inconsistency- Medium If Medium - Inspect lf time allows and no Significant inconsistency- High other higher risk activities detected If High - Inspect. Fishing inside EEZ Low/medium/high If low - Note only If Medium - Inspect if time allows and no other higher rfsk activities detected 11 High - Inspect. Fishing inside EEZ Medium or High If Medium - Inspect if time allows and no other higher risk activities detected Fishing adjacent boundaries of High If High - Inspect. Conservation and Protection areas and in dose proximity of borders Origin of vessel - Domestic Low/Medium If Low - Note only If Medium - Inspect lf time allows and no other higher risk activities detected Origin of vessel (foreign flagged) High If High - Inspect. Quantity of fish landed Low or Medium If low - Note only If Medium - Inspect if time allows and no other higher risk activities detected Quantity of fish landed (either caught or High If High - Inspect. transhipped) Type and price of fish landed imported or Medium/High If Medium - Inspect if time allows and no processed other higher risk activities detected If High - Inspect. Type and reliability of electronic Consistent - low If Low - Note only surveillance equipment (e.g. VMS); Minor Inconsistency - If Medium - Inspect if time allows and no Medium other higher risk activities detected Significant inconsistency - High If High - Inspect. Amount of catch in relation to actual Consistent - low If Low - Note only vessel slze and fishing effort of a fishing Minor Inconsistency - If Medium - Inspect lf time allows and no trip (under-reporting); Medium other higher risk activities detected Significant inconsistency - High If High - Inspect. Quality and reliability of ob.server data; Consistent - low If low - Note only Minor Inconsistency - If Medium - Inspect lf time allows and no Medium other higher risk activities detected Significant inconsistency - High If High - Inspect. Monitoring seasonal closures High If High - Inspect. Zonal/spatial closures High If High - Inspect. A Ministerial or Parllamentary enquiry Medium/High Medium - Inspect if time allows and no other higher risk activitles detected 23»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Activity Risk prolile Inspection action Law/medium/high Note or Inspect If High-Inspect. Media reports of IUU Medium/High Medium - Inspect if time allows and no other higher risk activities detected If High - Inspect. 3. ACTION PLAN FOR CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF ILLEGAL FISHING IN CAMBODIAN MARINE WATERS-NPCI 3.1. Priorities Activities The following 5 priority activities need to be implemented by the SMOTT and the PTT to ensure IUU fishing is reduced and law enforcement is enhanced. Specific guidance to the implementation of these activities are: Specific vessel-based actions; Identification of target for conservation areas; Identification of target of illegal/prohibited and non-compliant fishing gear; Control illegal foreign fishing vessels in Cambodia; Control import and export of marine fisheries products A shortened Operational Implementation Plan is provided that can be used as an implementation template. The matrix of activities below provides for the activities and times of actions. The underline outputs are set to measure implementation activities, agreed indicators between EU, MEF and MAFF. 24 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 3.2. Matrix of activities The matric of activities to implement the NPCl-MF, is set out below Table 8. Matrix of activities with key output are underline No Action Tasks 20211 1. Strategic objective 1: Strengthen administrative arrangements 1.1 Establish effective MCS units at National and Provincial levels 1 Establish a National MCS Approval obtained from National MCS Team Management team to Minister to form unlt from established supervise implementation existing fisheries personnel. of the NPC! and outputs are achieved 2 Establish Provincial MCS Approval obtained from Provincial MCS Management teams to Governor to form unit from Management teams supervise lmplementatlon existing FiACs' personnel. established in al! 4 of the NPC! and outputs coastal provinces are achieved at provlnclal level 1.2 Establish a Serious Marine Offences Task Team (SMOTT) 3 The National MCS Quarterly management Management team meetings (Staff travel to appoints the Serious Phnom Penh) Marine Offences Task Team (SMOTT}. The SMOTT will undertake active MCS operations nationally, and inter alio, provide Inspectors for patrol boats, judicial actions 1.3 Establish Provincial Task Teams (PTT) 4 The Provincial MCS Quarterly management Management team meetings with appoints the Provincial representative from FiA Task Team (PTI). The PTT located along the coastal will undertake active MCS zones operations within the whole province under its jurldlcal area 2. Strategic objective :z : Procure MCS equipment 2.1 Patrol boat procurement Output Responsible 2021 2022 2023 2024 entity At least Quarterly At least Quarterly At least Quarterly At least Quarterly FiA meeting and report of meeting and report of meeting and report of meeting and report of progress work progress work progress work progress work Quarterly meeting and Quarterly meeting and Quarterly meeting and Quarterly meeting and PDAFF & report of progress work report of progress work report of progress work report of progress work FiAC of Kep, Quarterly meeting Kam pot, Preah Sihanouk and Koh Kong Serious Marine At least Quarterly At least Quarterly At least Quarterly FiA/MAFF Offences Unlt Task meeting and report of meeting and report of meeting and report of Team established progress work progress work progress work Provincial Task Teams At least Quarterly At least Quarterly At least Quarterly PDAFF and established in all 4 meeting and report of meeting and report of meeting and report of FiAC of Kep, coastal provinces progress work progress work progress work Kam pot, Preah Sihanouk and Koh Kong 25 »» National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) No Action Tasks Output Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 entity 5 Procure 1 large patrol The FIA should finalize the Vessel s1;1ecifications Tenders adjudicated Vessel delive!}'. of 1 FiA/MAfF vessels specific requirements of the determined and and awarded large gatrol boats patrol vessels. agreed. This wtll include the exact Procurement dossier build specifications, such as aiggroved and Australian Build launched, specification for commercial vessels; The specific manufacture of the main components of the vessel refer to inter alia the engine, gearbox, shafts, radio communication, radar, stand-by generators, and inspection equipment specifications for a large patrol vessel. Guarantees of built quality, timelines and delivery, satisfactory sea trials and ongoing (15 years) availability of spare parts of major components. 6 Procure up to four small Vessel s12ecifications Procurement ~rocess patrol vessels determined and com~leted and tenders agreed. adjudicated and Procurement dossier awarded aii;,i:i;iroved and Vessel delivent: of 4 launched. small (;!atrol boats 7 Procure 6 Patrol vehicle The FlA should finalize the Patrol vehicle Tender adjudicated and specific requirements of the s~eclflcations awarded patrol vessels. determined and 6 Patrol vehicle agreed. delivered Procurement dossier a(;!~roved and launched. 8 Procure Smart tool's FIA inspectorlate and FiAC Smart tool's support support equipment for will use smart tool to equipment determined inspectors monitor and report and agreed. inspection activities Procurement dossier completed and tenders adjudicated and awarded. SMART handsets delivered and deployed. 2.2 Establishment of GSM~based VMS (Global System for Moblle C.Ommunlcatlons} 26 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) No Actlon Tasks Output Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 entity 9 VMS Tender advertised GSM based VMS specified Procurement dossier Tender adiudlcated and FiA: DFA, and awarded. and tender issued for a a[l!Qroved and awarded DML, service provider to launched. MaFReDI, implement a GSM based Marine VMS system. The service Inspectorate, provider shall provide the FIACs; base station to Cambodia's 24 hr operations room. The service provider shall ensure sufficient (up to 3000 VMS) units are available. The service provider shall plan and implement the VMS through mobllemphone GSM system, including installation of units and the service provider shall manage ce!IMphone contracts used to activate and maintain communication from the GSM units. The furnishing of a VMS base station for the VMS operations room should be part of the tender specifications. Equipment for VMS is set for bidding. Service provider is a company that should be in partnership with a local company in order to maintain a presence and provide support for the duration of VMS installation and operation until the end of 2023. 27 »» National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) No Action Tasks Output Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 entity 10 Setting up of a VMS FiA will need to deploy staff Procurement dossier VMS Operations room FiA operations room to an operations room to approved and established manage the 24/7 launched. operations. The Operation Room equipment (software and hardware) should be provided by the service provider and should include at 3 sets of computers {including monitors) and high speed internet connection. This room should be housed in a secure office. Training to the staff on VMS data interpretations, trouble shooting, and communications should also be provided by the service provider. 11 VMS implemented for all The seivice provider should Report from field trip VMS installed to large GMS installed, GMS installed, FiA: DFA, middle- and large-scale initiate a small team of VMS to coastal province, by scale fishing vessels continuing with trawl continuing with all DA.AL, vessels and progressively units to test the installation VMS's Specialist to (EEZ >24m) fishing vessels with the trawlers under 12 m MaFReDI, installed procedure, and operations conduct survey and outside and inside EEZ; category of 12- 18 m; Marine Room software and workshop on VMS VMS installed, extend Inspectorate, hardware. Thereafter, the strategy to medium scale start FiACs; service provider should roll from 18ma24m out the installation progressively 3. Strategic objective 3: Improve compliance with recording and licensing 3.1 Registration and recording 12 A database developed to Convert the census Database able to Database able to Data on vessel licensing The data fs linked with FiA: DFA, serve as the record of all database to a foundational generate re2orts on generate re2orts on added to the database VMS to ensure DPFIC, DAAL, marine fishing vessels for database that will form the 40% of the vessels that 100% of all vessels that effective control of all Marine Cambodia record of fishing vessels; were recorded in the were recorded in the Database ogerational vessels with VMS and Inspectorate, which FiA, FiACs, and census. FiA, FiACs, and census. FiA, FiACs, and and searchable~ in the database FiACs; GDWMTP get access to the GDWMTP have rights GDWMTP have rights JnsQectors at sea. database to access to the to access to the The data is linked with database. database. VMS to ensure Database sgecialist to Data on vessel licensing effective control of all finalise database and added to the database vessels with VMS and clean. Database ogerational in the database and searchable by lnsQectors at sea 18 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) No Action Tasks Output Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 20:!4 entity 13 PDAFF to provide a FiACs to mobilise teams, Prepare certificate of "Certificate of Record" ~ertificate of Record" FiA, Marine "Certificate of Record" to similar to census teams to record and actlv!ties issued to 80% of small- Issued to 100% of Inspectorate, all small-scale vessel physically go to fishing plan. 4 work.shops wlth scale vessels <12m that small-scale vessels FiAC of Kep, <12m, that are not vessels and issue a stakeholders on the are not trawlers in all 4 <12m that are not Kam pot, trawlers certificate of Record. certification coastal provinces trawlers in all 4 coastal Preah "Certificate of Record" provinces Sihanouk issued to 50% of small- and Koh scale vessels <12m that Kong are not trawlers in all 4 coastal provinces 3.l. Licensing to all fishing vessels 14 Providing license to all Mobilize "Licensing teams" A2gointing licencing Provide licenses and Provide licenses and Provide licenses and Provide licenses and FiA, DFA, middle and lame scale A team could consist of 3-5 teams. Planning on issue logbooks to issue lggbooks to issue logbooks to issue logbooks to Marine fishing vessels people and be able to dei;iloj'.ment of m all fishing vessel m all fishing vessel m all fishing vessel m all fishing vessel Inspectorate undertake the full scope of !icencing teams and the >18m (renewal} >18m {renewal) >18m (renewal) >18m {renewal) the required licensing schedule for visiting the - 40% of fishing vessels - 70% of fishing vessels - a!l 100% of fishing - all 100% of fishing activity. It is required to coastal !;!rovinces. between 12~1Sm (new) between 12~18m (40% vessels between 12- vessels between 12 have 2 to 3 such teams. Provide licenses and renewal - 30% new) 18m {70% renewal - 18m {renewalj issue logbooks to all 30% new) fishing vessel >1Sm 3.3 Catch monitoring 15 Plan and undertake fish FiA, MaFReD was accessed Adopt Guldellnes for F1A, MaFReDI FiA, MaFReDI FIA, MaFReDI FiA, MaFReDI FIA, catch assessment surveys by scientists and experts the sclentiftc undertake catch undertake catch undertake catch undertake catch MaFReDI, and catch monitoring from the FAO, SEAFDEC, monitoring of marine assessment surveys assessment surveys assessment surveys assessment surveys NGOs, and NGOs to develop guideline catch. with select of marine with select of marine with select of marine with select of marine SEAFDEC for scientific monitoring of Train the concerned fishing vessels base on fishing vessels base on fishing vessels base on fishing vessels base on marine catch and conduct staff on the agreed guidelines agreed guidelines agreed guldellnes agreed guidelines catch assessment survey methodology Produce 12 monthly Produce 12 monthly Produce 12 monthly Produce 12 monthly and catch monitoring, Commence catch statistical tables and 1 statistical tables and 1 statistical tables and 1 statistical tables and 1 effectiveness analyses for assessment and catch annual report annual report annual report annual report reporting, which can be monitoring surveys used for stock assessment developing database. FJA develop a database purposes. Model testing of to host and import all database and outputs the data collected including fish lengths and during the fish catch effectiveness analyses, assessment. This which can be used for stock includes data from the assessment purposes. provinces. u;- FiA and FiACs to conduct Planning fur conducting FiA and FiACs to FiA and FiACs to FiA and FiACs to FiAand all catch monitoring at landlng catch monitoring undertake catch undertake catch undertake catch four coastal sites and collect catch based commences with monitoring with all monitoring wlth all monitoring with all FiACs on size and fishing effort SEAFDEC/ FAO base on scale fishing vessels (20 scale fishing vessels scale fishing vessels data. logbook or mobile Fishing vessels) in (100FV) in all 4 coastal (200FV) in all 4 coastal application selected coastal provinces. provinces. Technical planning and provinces. Submit catch Submit catch methodology testing of monitoring report monitoring report 29 »» National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) No Action Tasks Output Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 entity catch monitoring takes Submit catch places monitoring report 3.4 Recordln1 of fish landln1 sites 17 Undertake recording of FiA assists the FiACs in FiA assists the FiACs in All landing sites DPFIC, landing sites planning and support to planning and support recorded and mapped MAFReDI, undertake landing site to undertake landing Marine recording site recording, Inspectorate, reporting and mapping. and four coastal FiACs. 4. Strategic objective 4: Improve compliance with gear and protected areas 4.1 Designate legal and lllepl fishing par, and control Its use In marine fishing domain 18 Update the list of legal The FiA. FiACs and CFis to The (!ro<:lamation on The (!reclamation on DFA, DFC, fishing gears and sizes, undertake meetings to legal and illegal fishing legal and illegal fishing CF is, and Illegal fishing gears determine what gear is legal geci rs, including the gecirs is ado(!ted, M1:1FReDI, and what gear is illegal. definitions and fishing l!Ublished and shared and Marine Such legal fishing gear 1:1re conditions is drafted. Inspectorate then described by a proclamation. 19 Adopt 1:1 zoning for inshore Identify 1:1nd maps the cireas Plan and prepare a A (!ro(!er-scale ma 11, of DFA, DFC, trawling within the inshore water(< methodology for the the authorized areas CF is, 20 m deep) where trawling mapping exercise for inshore trawling is MaFReDI, can be authorized without 11re11ared and 11u blished four coastal damaging protected or !l!otentiallll: 1 ma(! ~r FiACs, and conservation arecis, such as 11rovincel CF is the seagrass beds and coral reefs. 4.2 Fishing zone classification to address inshore trawling and fishing in protected and conservation areas 20 Undertake a survey to find FiA undertakes a survey to Plan and prepare a Undertake the surv~. DFA, DFC, and map all seagrass beds find and map all seagrass survey to locate, assess All seagrass beds, coral MaFReDI, and coral reefs or beds and coral reefs or and map all seagrass reefs and other and four important potential areas important potential areas to beds, coral reefs and im(!ortant (!Otential coastal to be identified as be identified as protected or other important areas are identified. FiACs, and potentially protected or conservation areas. Collect potential areas. A l!rOl!er-scale ma 111 CF is conservation areas. sampling and test whether with the known an area is Ii kely to have seagrass and coral reef seagrass or coral reefs. areas, is (!re(!ared and (!ublished 30 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) No Action Tasks Output Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 entity 21 Designate Frsherles Promulgate in a Conduct consultatlons Develog1 adogt and DFI\, DFC, Management proclamation (Prakas) of to identify key areas to !;!:romulgate the MaFReDI, critical areas that need to classify for protection (!:roclamation of and four be classified as conseivation and conservation Fisheries Management coastal areas, protection areas or purpose Areas to designate FlACs, and fisheries refugia Protected or CFis Conservation Areas" where no trawling shall take place. Is (!:romulgated and 11ubllshed 22 Establish fishing zonesln On the basis on the Develop adopt and 25% of the fishing 50% of the fishing 100% of the fishing DFI\, DFC, the inshore waters mapping of the critical promulgate the zones are demarcated zones are demarcated zones are demarcated MaFReDI, (shallower than 20m habitats and of areas proclamation the and four depth),. and describe the suitable for trawling, FIA proclamation on fishing coastal conditions of fishing and national experts to zones and applying FIACs, and prepare a proclamation on conditions of fishing. CFis the zoning of the inshore waters and the conditions of fishing 1n those different zones (gears authorized, season, etc) and demarcate these different zones wlth poles and/or buoys 23 Formulate and implement Fi.A and other regional 25% seagrass and coral 50% seagrass and coral 75% seagrass and coral 100% seagrass and DFA, DFC, an action plan for experts to prepare an action reefs are ~rotected reefs are ~rotected reefs are ~rotected coral reefs are MaFReDI, management of protected plan for management of through the through the through the ~rotected through the and four or conservation areas, protected or conservation de~IQ)fment of de~loyment of de~IQ)fment of de~loyment of coastal including the deployment areas, lncludfng the "concrete blocks". "concrete blocks". "concrete blocks". "concrete blocks". FlACs, and of "concrete blocks" deployment of "concrete CFls blocks". The design of concrete blocks to be finalised, and the concrete blocks to be deployed in protected or conservation areas. 4.3 Control and Inspection: Domestic vessels; foreign flshlnu; vessels prevalent In boundary and disputed areas 24 Patrol vessels (large and Fi.A's SMOTI of the 4 days per month 4 days per month 4 days per month 4 days per month 4 days per month FiA, Marine small) to patrol along the Inspectorate should patrol within a 20 nm patrol within a 20 nm patrol within a 20 nm patrol within a 20 nm patrol within a 20 nm Inspectorate boundary region, starting undertake monthly risk. strip along the borders strip along the borders strip along the borders strip along the borders strip along the borders from the terrltorlal waters assessment based on to the outer limit of the information to determine EEZ high risk areas. Then, FiA should prepare monthly planning secessions through coordination with the NCMS, to plan and conduct 31 »» National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) No Acllon Tasks Output Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 entity patrols in high risk areas marine areas. 25 Large patrol vessel to SMOTI in cooperating with At least 7 da)fs£month ( At least 7 dalt:slmonth ( At least 7 da!a:lmonth ' At least 7 da;tslmonth ( At least 7 da:a£month I FiA, Marine patrol: fishing zone (the Marine Inspectorate should with the ob!ective to wlth the objective to with the objective to with the objective to wlth the objective to Inspectorate area from 20m depth to undertake monthly rlsk control the target 125 control the target 300 control the target 300 control the target 300 control the target 300 the outer limit of the assessment based on marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels fishing zone) in the area information to determine and recorded in Smart and recorded in Smart and recorded in Smart and recorded in Smart and recorded in Smart bordered with Vietnam ln high risk areas. Then, FIA !.Q2!l !.Q2!l !.Q2!l !.Q2!l l2!!!l the south and with should conduct monthly Thailand in the north and planning secessions through West. coordination with the NCMS, to plan and conduct patrols in high risk marine areas. 26 Using small patrol vessels The FiAC's PTI should be in At least 7 day:slmonth At least 7 day:slmonth At least 7 da~lmonth At least 7 dayslmonth At least 7 da~lmonth FiACs (Kep, in each province, patrol coordination with Marine ( with the objective to (with the oblectlve to { with the ob[ective to (with the objective to (with the obiective to Preah the area within the 20m Inspectorate to undertake a control the target 400 control the target 960 control the target 960 control the target 960 control the target 960 Sihanouk, isobath, and possibly be in monthly risk assessment marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels Kampotand deeper areas (areas under based on information to and recorded In Smart and recorded in Smart and recorded in Smart and recorded in Smart and recorded in Smart Koh Kong) provincial juridical areas) determine high risk areas. !Qfill !Qfill !QQJ.l !Qfill !QQ1l Then, FiACs should conduct 5 months monthly planning secessions through coordination with Marine Inspectorate, to plan and conduct patrols in high risk marine areas. 4.3. Collaboration between coastal provinces 27 Establish an information Establish a communication Communication Quarterly meetings Quarterly meetings Quarterly meetings Quarterly meetlngs FIA, four sharing and network and select officers network established, conducted. conducted. conducted. conducted. coastal FiACs communication network within the FiACs including and responsible officers between coastal FiACs for conducting regularly selected. Quarterly preventing and combating quarterly meetings. meetings conducted. provincial transboundary illegal fishing 4A Aerial surveillance 28 Aerial surveillance Undertake aerial Determine the Conduct aerial Conduct aerial Conduct aerial Conduct aerial FiA, Marine surveillance to determine conditions of aerial survelllanoo in the EEZ, surveillance in the EEZ, surveillance in the EEZ, surveillance ln the EEZ, Inspectorate. the distribution of fishing surveillance (manned at least once a month at least once a month at least once a month at least once a month boats and support missions or drones} and organization of control identiflt: service missions at sea providers 4.5 Inspection of Fishing Ports, Landing sites and import/export 32 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) No Action Tasks Output Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 entity 29 Inspection of foreign FiA to undertake on land- Identified designated 1 port is designated 1 port is designated 2 port is designated 2 port is designated and FIA, Marine vessels in designated based inspections at ports fishing port for PSMA. and inspected and inspected and inspected inspected Inspectorate ports (PSMA) using a and landlng sites for Port Inspections at selected vehicle State Measures (PSM) and ports are planned, and All foreign vessels are All foreign vessels are All foreign vessels are All foreign vessels are import/export locations officers selected, Inspected if any inspected if any inspected if any inspected if any {ports and border posts) 30 Inspection at !anding sites FiACs to undertake on land- At !east 7 davs/month At least 7 davs/month At least 7 davs/month At least 7 davs/month At least 7 davs/month All four FiACs in each Province by the based inspections at ports ( with the objective to { with the objective to ' with the objective to ( with the objective to { with the objective to FIACs and using land- and !anding sites control the target 400 control the target 960 control the target 960 control the target 960 control the target 960 based vehicles. marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels marine fishing vessels and recorded in Smart and recorded In Smart and recorded in Smart and recorded ln Smart and recorded in Smart 1QQ!l !ll!l!l !ll!l!l !Q.Q!1 !QQ!1 33 »» National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 4. EXPENDITURE 4.1. Human Resources 4.1.1. Control activities Table 9 below illustrates the specific priority operational actions, specific human resources and activity levels to be initiated by the FIA and the FiACs in order to effectively implement the NPCl-MF. Table 9. Specific priority operational actions, the specific human resources and activity levels Priority actions to be Fishing grounds Implementing Activities to be implemented Duration Human Resources at FIA Human Resources at FIACs implemented institutions 1. Specific vessel- >20m FiA 15 days/month 8-15ps (existing staff) based actions at sea <20m FiACs Monitoring and prevention of: 10 days/month for 4 -Kep: 2ps + 6ps (contracted staff) Fishing in conservation areas (Article coastal FiACs -Kampot: 8ps + 4ps 18 of Fisheries law of 2006) -Koh Kong: 5ps + Sps Illegal fishing gear at sea -PSH: 9ps + 6ps Illegal foreign vessels in Cambodia 2. Specific vessel- FiA+ FiACs Targeting illegal fishing gear on land 8days/month for all lour 8-15ps (existing staff) -Kep: 2ps + 6ps (contracted staff) based actions on Uoint) FiACs -Kampot: 8ps + 4ps land -Koh Kong: Sps + Sps PSH: 9ps + 6ps 3. Cambodian vessels ABNJ FiA FiA & DPFIC, whether there is any fishing outside Cambodian fishing vessel fishing in C.mbodla ABNJ 4.1.2. Other land based actions Table 10 below illustrates the, specific human resources and activity levels to be initiated by fiA and specific priority land-based activities that fiACs to effectively implement. 34 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Table 10. Status of human resources and activity levels Who What When Resources FiA Resoun:es FIAC licensing scheme to fishing vessels (key FiA >18m Start in 2020, and renew every 2 existing officers agencies to be identified, will be determined by FIA) year FiACs <18m Start in 2021, and renew every 3 existing officers year Providing identification card to small~ FiAC Small-scale Family fishing 2020: Training scale vessels (motorized boat) 2021: Implement (5%/year) Collect data and catch reporting system FiA Plan for catch Start in 2020 -DFA-2 staff Existing staff, but needs to {fishing log book) assessment surveys DFPIC - 2 staff have cooperation with FiACs FiACs Participate in planning Start in 2020 for catch assessment surveys Conduct scientific sampling FiA in cooperation with Family-scale fishing 2020: Pilot and testing FiA: Bps (existing staff) and in FIA: 8ps for taking random FiACs & MaFReDI 2021: Implementation of cooperation with MaFReDI sampling. Planning in cooperation with DPFIC. Scientific sampling (Error! Reference source not found.). Electronic documentation system for FIA All imports and exports fisheries lmport/elljlort FiACs All landing -FIA: 2 existing officers (DPFIC) sites/province/2yrs Marine Inspectorate (piloting for 1 landing site/ province/yr.) Recording of landing sites FiA All landing Piloting 1 landing sites/province/2yrs site/province/yr. 35»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 4.1.3. Budget and expenditure Below is the list of capital and operational expenditure items required (Table 11). The rationale of the expenditure is provided in the Priorities Issues section. Items underlined are essential activities. The other aspects will greatly contribute to improved implementation of the NPCI, but are not essential. The expenditure is also reliant on policy decisions such as: a} logbooks are essential, but they will probably carry a substantial and ongoing cost of printing and dissemination. logbooks are cumbersome data collection instruments and require full time data entry, management and meticulous quality control. It is recommended that a dedicated catch assessment survey rather be undertaken, that will maximize accurate data collection. b) The Vessel Monitoring System is potentially the highest cost item. If there is a significant uptake of VMS, its benefits to reduce patrol costs and to improve fisheries and fleet management. The FiA of MAFF has selected three options: a. either pay for the VMS units, monitoring station and the communication costs (USD 6.5 million), or b. only pay for the procurement of the VMS units and monitoring station (USDBS0,000, and let fishermen pay for the communication costs [USD 10- 30/month]), or c. Fishermen pay for everything (once off cost of unit USD300 & monthly communication cost of USDl0-30), but with the option of a rebate from the government to small trawlers (with less than 12 m length). See Error! found .. 36 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Table 11. Operational and Capital cost of implementing the NPCl-MF Implementation cost of equipment and capital costs Operational costs Operating Essential services fur NPCI [Recommended actions and capital are underlined] cost for 5 years Item Cost/ Items Total Cost per Cast Annual Na of Operating Operation in a Operating unit capital day per per cost (or units/ cost per year cost total for item cost unit month per unit) time unit 5 years per unlt Law revision and stakeholder workshops Worksholi:!S costs on domestic legislatlon1 5,000 30 150,000 150,000 150,000 mostly: workshogs with all stakeholders in the grovinces and at PP. Estimated costs for 10 sets of !egislation1 and 3 meetings Qer Rrodamation = 30 (Qarticigants} Vessels Management: licensing and Certificate of Record of fishing vessels FiA licensing 50,000 5 250,000 250,000 250,000 PDAFFs to issue a certificate and record 20,000 4 80,000 5 400,000 400,000 400,000 to fishing vessels Recording of landing sites - part of normal 0 0 duties Patrol vessels Offshore (:!atrol vessel {22m-length Qatrol 850,000 1 850,000 2,000 40,000 480,000 1 480,000 5 2,400,000 3,250,000 3,250,000 vessel) Inshore 12atrol boats for Ogtion 1: 15m- 300,000 3 900,000 300 3,000 36,000 3 108,000 5 540,000 1,440,000 1,440,000 length vessels-multi-da~ltrig Inshore 12atrol boats for 0Qtion 2: Sm- 100,000 3 300,000 250 2,500 30,000 3 90,000 5 450,000 750,000 length vessels - Da~ & night triQ {24 hours) only:- no coming to ~ear at night Additional wooden patrol vessels (12- 250,000 2 500,000 480 4,800 57,600 2 115,200 5 576,000 1,076,000 14m) Patrol on land (to 12urchase 6 vehicles} 40,000 6 240,000 40 800 9,600 6 57,600 5 288,000 528,000 528,000 Aerial surveys, for 2 years only 4,000 64,0003 448,000 1 448,000 2 896,000 896,000 Habitat ~rotection (under conservation 500 1.,000 500,000 Program's budget) MarJ~ing of conservation areas-seagrass 20,000 1 20,000 20000 20000 beds and coral reefs 37 »» National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Training in ogerating eguiQment (FA01 500,000 2 500,000 500,000 500,000 but identified here on fish stock assessment; training on stock assessment; database and software TOTAL 3,810,000 5,890,000 9,700,000 5,788,000 38 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for M arine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Table 12. Operational and capital cost for implementing the NPCl-MF Cost of equipment and services for NPCI Capital costs Operational costs implementation [Recommended actions are underlined] Item Cost/ No. Total Cost/day Cost/month Cost/year No. Operating Operating Operating Option Option unit of capital Vunitl Vunit) Vunitl of Costs/unit years costs for 5 l's cost rs cost items cost units years Recommended mandatory requirement for Operating Operating Option Option 2 vessels fishing beyond the waters under cost year 1 cost years 1 Cambodian jurisdiction cellphone Satellite VMS VMS VMS units for ABNJ vessels ilO), Ogtion 1: 3,600 10 36,000 3 90 2,080 10 5 10,400 46,400 Service 12rovider monitors the vessels at USDl,OOOlvessel VMS for ABNJ vessels {lOl Ogtion 2: Cambodian 100,000 1 100,000 3 90 2,080 10 5 10,400 110,400 owned and operated satellite base station and software TOTAL 46,400 110,400 VMS for Domestic vessels Option 1: The Cambodian Government to procure the AIS units, but fishers to pay for communication and installation costs VMS Sat-AIS units - government procurement 300 3,000 900,000 0 900,000 VMS Sat-AIS unit communication m user pay (by 3 90 1,080 3,000 3,240,000 5 16,200,000 fishermen) VMS Sat-AIS based station Cambodian owned 50,000 1 50,000 S0,000 and operated in Operations Room Option 2: VMS - Cellghone s:tstem where fishermen buy: 250 3,000 750,000 5 the VMS unit from service g:roviders and 11a~ for communication costs VMS Cellphone system communication cost 1 30 360 3,000 1,080,000 5 5,400,000 VMS- Cell"1hone mtem where the government 250 3,000 750,000 750,000 bu~ the VMS unit from service groviders and r;iay: for communication costs VMS Cellphone system base station or 100,000 1 100,000 100,000 outsourced TOTAL 950,000 850,000 39»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 5.1. Verification and achieved indicators Verifying report and registration for each monitoring activity and inspection reports have to be integrated into a database, and then analysed (quality process, scoreboards and statistics) must be conducted at least on a yearly basis, in order to measure the effective implementation of the NPCI and the impacts of implementation. Verifying reports should be provided to monitoring authorities at all levels (conclusions on the impacts of control activities, the status of regulatory compliance, the types of infringements accounted for, and follow­ up activities). Implementation of the national illegal fishing control system and actual field implementation can be reinforced by the definition of procedures in evaluating the quality of control activities, and by the assessment of internal or external body for effective performances based on the defined objectives and procedures. Target indicators are provided below (Table 13), but the actual targets are provided in the Matrix of Activities, Error! Reference source not found .. Table 13. Target indicators % Targets: '% of offences per number of Inspectors offences Activity Current 2020 2024 Data recorded on activities undertaken1 level (Year 1) (Year 5) preferable on an electronic system "Smart (baseline) Tool"' Inspection of fishing vessels at >80% 50% 5% Data verified and analysed ports, transhipments or landing sites Inspection of vessels at sea >80% 50% 5% Data verified and analysed Port State Measures and Port >80% 50% 5% Data verified and analysed State control Inspection using VMS, and 100% 50% 5% Data verified and analysed installation of the surveillance equipment on all large- and middle- scale fishing vessels Inspection and certification of fish >80% 50% 5% Data verified and analysed processing facilities Active patrol and control in CFAs >80% 50% 5% Data verified and analysed Inspection of labour on fishing >80% 50% 5% Data verified and analysed vessels and in processing factories Conduct data collection on CPUEs FiAto Data CPUEs for 5 The analysis of CPU Es is from logbooks for for 5 key species identify collection key species statistics and stock assessment for 5 key the 5 started determined species species Conduct data collection for FiAto Data 100%of The analysis of CPU Es is from logbooks for estimating maximum sustainable identify collection fisheries at statistics and stock assessment for 5 key yield (MSY) the 5 started MSY species species Fishing vessel registration system <5% 100% liaison with MPWT and reports from FiACs initiated and completed Fishing vessel licensing system <5% 50% 100% FiA and FiACs to imitate and complete initiated and completed licensing system 5.2. The sustainability of the Cambodian fisheries The sustainability of fish stock in Cambodia will ultimately determine how successful the implementation of the NPCl-MF is. Monitoring of Total Catch against Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY): Following the determination of the MSY, monitoring is required to ensure that the total fish caught shall not exceed the determined MSY. Data on Total Catch, which combines all fish types in Cambodia need to be 40 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) assessed in order to determine if the landings of Cambodian fish catches exceed the maximum level (or over exploitation) of fish stocks. If the landings are below the estimated optimal yield, NPCI has been a success. If the landings are above the yield, the performance on Control and Inspection needs to improved and other alternative management measures need to be applied, such as closed seasons, dosed areas or gear restrictions. Fishing ports shall be responsible for reporting or providing data to the FiACs. The data shall be input into the database within three days of collection. The total weight of fish catch landed by individual fishing vessels shall be recorded in a quarterly summary report in terms of quantity and fishing effectiveness compared to the target level. The data collectors at the provincial level shall provide a summary monitoring report to provincial and regional MCS Centres on a weekly basis, in order to subsequently inform related institutions for further actions, such as the reduction of fishing effort and the closure of fishing grounds. S.3. Reducing activities that is detrimental to stocks Evaluation of the IUU Monitoring Activities: For the nine control and inspection activities reported above (see Section 6), an officer shall assume a number of responsibilities for each activity. First, he/she shall be responsible for inputting a surveillance report into the national-central database, and for retrieving relevant information for developing reports. By doing that, there will be an enhancement of the efficiency of his/her assigned surveillance area. For activities 2 to 6, the report frequency is once per week if an urgent case. For the 7'" activity, prior to issuing a document, past records must be checked for suspicious IUU fishing if there is any suspicious violation. Should any concerns arise regarding IUU fishing, an investigation should be taken place, issuing a new licence may be suspended as well as previous permits/certificates may be revoked. Under normal circumstances, the report shall be done once a month. Should any IUU fishing related suspicion arise, the report must be filed immediately into the central database. Additionally, the MCS team must report and alert relevant agencies for further surveillance actions. S.4. Cost benefit analysis Evaluation of costs and benefits: The MCS Centre will be responsible for calculating fund required for evaluating activities. Activities includes cross-checking documents with the origin countries and determine penalties for an IUU fishing violation. Also, the Centre will be responsible for comparing the cost of monitoring/surveillance with economic values of the marine resources. The most cost-effective method and report procedure shall be determined after the study. The evaluation will be done at least once a year. S.S. Conclusion The challenges to the sustainability of Cambodian fisheries are many and varied. However, key challenges are a lack of investment in management and administration of the sector and the increase in unsustainable fishing practices. The NPCl-MF can help marine fisheries management move toward sustainability, and improve management of marine fisheries resources. Foreign investment and support will make it possible for FiA to implement this plan. But ultimately, it is the Royal Government of Cambodia that has to take the decision to what level it wishes to intervene in its marine fisheries and environment, and its international and domestic commitments. The strategic interventions are not easy, but they are necessary: Ensuring that all fishing vessels comply with national legislations and Cambodia's international obligations; 41»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Ensuring that all fishing operations or other operations comply with national legislations and Cambodia's international obligations; including, fishing, processing, import and export provisions; Implementing all measures to ensure coordination at national and provincial levels between relevant stakeholders in order to improve the effectiveness of control and reduce duplication or overlapping of efforts; Maintaining fish stocks at a sustainable level through reducing and eliminating IUU fishing, and improving the management through the development of fisheries management plan. The possible strategic actions are: a. Preparation for implementing: Administrative arrangements to register, record and provide license to all small, middle and large-scale fishing vessels; Strengthen implementation through close cooperation with the MPWT and the PDPWT; After the registration of fishing vessels, the FiA shall provide licenses to all fishing vessels operating in the waters under Cambodian jurisdiction and shall record all vessels below 12m in length that are not trawlers; Providing logbooks for industrial fishing vessels; Undertaking catch assessment surveys for small-scale fisheries; and Registration of all public and private landing sites. b. Adopt a strategy of "Education through fining". c. Establish a SMOTI and PTI d. Procure adequate equipment and facilities, including patrol vessels, VMS system and other equipment to implement the NPCl-MF. In order to implement the Fisheries Control and Inspection Plan for Marine Fisheries more effectively, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries authorizes the Fisheries Administration to revise its action plan, key outputs in each years and timeline (Key outputs are underlines) in the Matrix table 9, as outlined by adhere to this annual practice in consultation with relevant institutions and entities. 42 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 6. Annexes 6.1. Annex 1: Action Plan Specific activities are contained in the Error! Reference source not found., but this sequence of actions will guide the implementation. After the NPCl-MF was approved - the operational implementation of the action plan can be taken place in the following. Action 1. Establish a Serious Marine Offences Task Team (SMOTT) and a Provincial Task Team A dedicated fisheries enforcement unit is needed at National and Provincial level to ensure that significant attention is paid to combat IUU fishing. Activity: a) The FiA shall establish the special task team to address the serious marine offences to undertake intelligence driven, and planned interventions. The Serious Marine Offences Task Team (SMOTT) consists of FiA judicial police officers and the officers of the Police, and the SMOTT shall be led by a senior judicial officer in the FiA Inspectorate; bl The MAFF, through the FIA shall assist PDAFF and FiAC to establish a Provincial MCS Management Team in each province. The Provincial MCS Management teams will implement routine Control and Inspections services, and will be conducted as planned. The PMCS Management teams will form a Provincial Task Team (PTT) in each province; c) Human and operational resources needed to address fishing vessel-based actions: legal resource persons, who have expertise in law and finance, to undertake the amendment of the Fisheries Law and other legal frameworks; and Additional human resources, where additional staff are required: Kep - 6 people, Kampot - 4 people, Preah Sihanouk - 6 people and Koh Kong - 5 people. Action 2. Licensing to fishing vessels The FiA to begin with the issuing of fishing licenses immediately, irrespective of vessel registration status. The FiA will encourage marine vessel owners to register with the GDWMTP and PDPWT. Activity: FiA and FiACs to coordinate: a) Develop and integrated fishing vessel management system that will consist of licensing component, catch assessment and data collection component, landing site recording component, the implementation of VMS/GMS system for all fishing vessels above >12m, and all trawl vessels irrespective of the length. al. The implementation of the licensing component shall be as follows: Fishing vessels that have been provided with a Census Card or Certificate of Record should be provided with license for fishing. This data shall be entered into the record of fishing vessels (database of fishing census). [Note -the revised Fisheries Law (fishing boats that have been provided with Census Cards) should indicate that the record of fishing vessels shall be deemed as Cambodia's Record of Fishing vessels]. These activities should have implementation plans in the following: Year 1: Preparing plans for licensing team and schedule for all four coastal provinces; Year 2: During 2020 commence on licensing for all middle-scale decked fishing vessels with the length of more than 18m; From year 3 to year 5: Implement the activities in the Matrix of activities table 8. Beside activities are mentioned in point a), the following activities can be implemented as follow: b) Inspection of fishing vessels at sea and at landing sites shall commence immediately at a rate of 5% of the number of all fishing vessels per month per province; c) A VMS implementation plan shall be prepared by the FiA in cooperation with FiACs; d) The integrated vessel management system, such as a cell phone app for a) registration and b) logbooks to facilitate the participation of small-scale fishers; could be developed; e) Logbook Component 43»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) All licensed industrial fishing vessels (longer than 24 m length) and middle-scale (18m to 24m) that have a licence, shall be provided with a logbook; The logbooks shall be collected by the FiACs on monthly basis, and 12 logbooks shall be provided to a fishing vessel in a year; Data for middle-scale vessels (12m-18m length) and small-scale, will be evaluated via a statistical surveys and to be undertaken at least every two years. f) Recording data at landing sites and fisheries production sites. Action 3: Conservation areas: enforcing Article 18 of the Fisheries Law of 2006, "Fisheries Management Areas-FMA" This article is specific in the protection and conservation of marine conservation areas, particularly, coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangrove areas. Since these areas are of high ecological importance for both the lifecycle of shrimps, cephalopods and nursery areas for many aquatic juveniles, the protection is imperative for sustainability of the fisheries. Significant habitat modification has taken place in many seagrass beds and coral reef areas, could potentially change these aquatic animals. While enforcement is considered as important actions, such as monitoring and surveillance, it can also employ tactics in order to deter, prevent and eliminate IUU fishing. Cambodia has initiated actions to prevent and deter fishing in vulnerable fishing areas (coral reef, seagrass and mangrove areas) with the deployment of "concrete blocks", which are essential to prevent fishing with large- and middle-scale fishing gear in such areas. Taken into consideration that these concrete blocks shall not be deployed in an area that can damage coral reefs but in the adjacent areas, to protect and prevent fishing on coral reefs. Activity: a) All areas that have been mentioned in Article 18 (seagrass beds, coral reefs and mangroves) should be identified immediately; b) A map of these areas and buffer zones should be drafted and shall be formally identified as Protected and Conservation Areas with a prohibition to fish. This prohibition shall be made part of the conditions to fish in the EEZ of Cambodia (beyond 12nm) may be identified as areas of highly important for conservation; c) Construction of "concrete blocks" shall built with complete amounts and they shall be deployed in areas in a patchy mode to prevent and deter fishing. The FiA and FiAC could cooperate on the deployment of the concrete blocks; d) Actively patrolling in the conservation and protected habitats exists shall be undertaken by all relevant stakeholders. 20% of patrol time shall be spent in and adjacent to the Protected and Conservation areas; e) Establish VMS system (see above). Action 4. Focusing on illegal fishing gear and illegal fishing practices Illegal fishing gear is hugely destructive on the fisheries resources, and can be hugely destructive to the habitats and ecosystems. Catches from illegal gear also distort the benefits of legal fishing practices, and making it harder for legal fishers to remain in fisheries, then in the face of overwhelming non-compliance, legal fishers also start fishing with illegal gear. Thus, it is imperative that the provision of the Proclamation No. 319 pror kor.kor sor kor of MAFF shall be implemented and updated on a regular basis based on the evaluation of new fishing gear technology. The list of illegal fishing gear currently in frequent use in Cambodia includes electro-equipped trawls, rat tail (collapsible) traps, sea-cucumber harrows, small-mesh size at the cod-end in trawl nets, pair trawls, mid­ water (flying) trawls, and light fishing at night. Activity: a. Develop a joint operational plan between the FiA and concerning institutions in order to initiate inspections for illegal fishing gear, including liaison with NCMS and Marine Police. b. Human resource, where additional staff at provincial level are required: Kep - 6 people; Kampot - 4 people and Preah Sihanouk province - 6 people, Koh Kong - S people (previously mentioned); 44 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) c. Inspect 5% of vessels/month/province; d. The three provinces in close proximity to borders with neighbouring countries should be primarily targeted first, starting in January 2019 for 3 months, then continue the work in Preah Sihanouk province for 3 months; e. Vessel patrols to be undertaken at night by one team, and vehicle patrol team to be undertaken at landing sites of fishing vessels during the day; f. Active vessel patrols in areas where the conservation and protected habitats exists shall be undertaken by all relevant stakeholders. 20% of patrol time should be spent in and adjacent to the Protected and Conservation areas; g. All illegal fishing gear to be confiscated and destroyed following due procedure; h. All perpetrators (illegal fishers) to be warned by official letter, copied to a Governor and the Minister of MAFF; i. Some fishing gear are currently classified as illegal, or have not been mentioned in the proclamation, deemed illegal. However, some of these fishing techniques may be less damaging than those current fishing practices, such as rat-tail traps, compared to inshore trawling. Fishing activities such as rat­ tail traps can have a low impact to the physical marine environment, but this gear catch only small juveniles may lead to the loss of fish stock replenishment. It is recommended that comparative studies to be undertaken in order to specifically determine the impacts of fishing gear on species, target aquatic animals, by-catch, demersal habitats, or on other environments. Action 5. Foreign Fishing vessels and fisheries resources in areas dose to marine borders with neighbouring countries Currently, the NCMS is tasked for conducting patrol and inspection on disputed areas with neighbouring countries, while the Marine Police undertake surveillance on this area as well. While little data exist to confirm the successful implementation of these two agencies, it does not negate the role of MAFF, in which the FiA is the core agency to plan and undertake its own fisheries patrols, and can be coordinated through the NCMS. The FiA should with immediate effect increase its presence and effectiveness inside the disputed areas of the waters under Cambodia's mandate, and undertake at least 1 marine patrol in each border area with of a minimum of 4 days per week. Activity: a) The FiA and the FiACs should liaison with inter a/ia, the NCMS and the Marine Police, in order to implement patrolling plan on quarterly basis and to patrol in the areas under the jurisdiction of Cambodia; b) The FiA and FiACs shall undertake at least 1 marine patrol in each boundary area with a minimum of 4 days per week; c) The FiA and FiACs shall develop an operational plan on how to deal with vessels detected and/or apprehended. Action 6. Control of Import and Export of marine products While the current legislation exists that allows for import and export permits, the current practices are in limitation. The current legislation mentioned that export and import of live or fresh fisheries products of exceeding 10 kg must obtain a permit. It is recommended that the FiA and FiACs to communicate with General Department of Customs (GDC), in order to develop a procedure for import and export fisheries products at the border posts, and to adopt the harmonised trade tariff codes, to identify fish and fisheries products. Activity: a. The FiA the develop or review procedures for issuing import and export permits and communicate with freight agents and import/export agencies, including the use of harmonised trade tariff codes in a standardized-value list. 45»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) b. The FiA and FiACs liaison with GDC to develop a joint methodology to verify and control import and export offisheries products at border posts. c. The FiA and FiACs initiate inspection by roving teams at provincial border posts and landing ports of fish and fisheries products. Human resources and operation needed to implement these activities are: legal expertise resource to undertake the legal revision and update according to national laws; Human resource, where additional staff at provincial level are required: Kep - 6 people; Kampot - 4 people, Preah Sihanouk province - 6 people, and Koh Kong - 5 people; Human resource and documents to undertake the licensing process, which can be either physically processed, or via electronic process on an app-based platform, and recording at landing sites and production sites; Resources to ensure habitat protection and enhancement with the construction concrete blocks; Production of maps that detail the distribution coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves, to demarcate protection and conservation areas; VMS or GMS systems to track marine fishing vessels; One large (20 - 30m Length overall minimum) ballistic protected, steel hulled, high speed patrol vessel, equipped with a ballistic protected unit, in order to undertake patrol in the border regions and the EEZ. Equipped with stern launch inspection boat to undertake inspection in shallow water and near shore; Five MANOMA/catamaran (not less than 12 m) vessels with protective keel strip and propeller protection to undertake shallow water and near shore patrol; 6 double cab 4x4 pick-ups for landing site inspection. 46 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 10»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 6.2. Annex 2: Most Important Recommendations a} Zoning for fishing on coastal zone One of the key factors to the non-compliance of demersal trawl fishing vessels is the distinction between designated fishing zones deeper and shallower than the 20m isobaths, as inside the shallower zone, trawling cannot take place. The main species that trawling catch are shrimp that inhabit in the shallow bottom with muddy-sandy substrate, including coral reefs and seagrass beds. Fishing vessels, especially trawlers, fish predominantly in inshore areas shallower than 20m, irrespective of the bottom topography or sediment. Appropriate zonation and designation for suitable trawl able areas within 20m isobaths is requested. However, seagrass beds and coral reefs, and areas In proximity to mangroves (Irrespective of bottom sediment) shall be determined as protected or conservation areas. Most large and middle-scale trawlers have GPS units on board, so small-scale trawlers should have GPS units on board as well. The GPS coordinates of non-trawling zones should be uploaded into all GPS units of the trawlers. Immediate roll-out of VMS units on all trawlers will facilitate the compliance with such zonation. By doing this, fish and other marine animals will be recovered in protected and conservation areas. FiA shall start an immediate process to identify aspects of zonation in areas shallower than 20m isobaths. The zones division could then be linked to the licensing condition of fishing vessels. These zones should be promulgated as a declaration by MAFF. b} Passive measures to enhance the environment protection and prevent trawllns The differences between surveyed data and monitored data on seagrass distribution indicate that there is still room for improvement. Kam pong Som Bay is almost devoid of reports on seagrass. While the impacts on ecosystems is critical, seagrass has been replanted, particularly in areas with high turbidity. While seagrass has been replanted, mangroves should be replanted in order to reduce the turbidity. The FiA should implement the activities in the following: Design an activity matrix for protection priorities; Select the best quality seagrass beds to be the highest priority; Any seagrass (irrespective of quality) that is important for endangered species (in CITES list or national criteria) or nursery grounds for commercially important juveniles as the highest priority; Select disturbing but not damaging seagrass beds to be 2nci top priority. Restore all patches into large ones. Select pilot areas to test whether seagrass beds can be restored as a prospective third priority, and alternate funding sources should be investigated. c) Construction and deployment of concrete blocks The primary function of concrete block construction (Figure 5 and Figure 6) is to reduce fishing in seagrass beds and designated coral reef areas. Anti-trawling concrete blocks will be the primary defence against trawling (Figure 5) in areas where it is prohibited. The construction of concrete blocks (Figure 6) for preventing other fishing gear from being used. The construction of concrete blocks (Figure 7) for habitat restoration, and it will be in the process of construction of more blocks. Figure 5: A concrete block used for preventing trawltng Construction method: It is built at the size of: lm x lm x 0.3m cement (stone, sand, cement, bamboo fibre), with 4 x 0.80m railway track, bent at 30 degree and re-welded at 0.25 cm from surface. 47»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Deployment: Random placement at 35 % coverage of 100ha {65 anti-trawl blocks per 100 ha). Deploy primarily at the routes/paths from which illegal vessels approach the seagrass beds. Try to identify the best/densest areas of seagrass, and ensure that the block placement is adjacent to these optimal seagrass beds. L Figure 6: Concrete blocks used for preventing fishing gear Construction method: O.Sm x O.Sm x O.Sm block on a 0.75m x 0.7Sm x O.lm base (stone, sand, cement, bamboo fibre), 16-mm Rebar 4 x lm - embedded in the block at 0.15 m depth, bent at the top for 30 - 60 cm. Make 4 additional 20-mm holes for potential replacement in the future. Deployment: Random place at 35% coverage of 100ha (65 anti-trawl blocks per 100 ha). Try to deploy these blocks in empty space at or near coral reefs. Habitat enhancement Construction Method: 3 x 3 x3 m cube, hollow block with uprights and crossbars of O.lm xO.lm x O.lm cement (stone, sand, cement, bamboo fibre or reinforced steel bars). Deployment: Find optimal habitat for Indian Mackerel species (consider on water depth and water quality). Deployment rate is suggested at 5 blocks per 100 ha. The design below is more complex, but a simple square upright and crossbeam design will be sufficient. Figure 7: A concrete block used as a habitat for aquatic animals (artificial reef) d) Coordination and capacity With the devolution of authority, provincial authorities are empowered to manage fisheries resources. This is legally correct for inland fisheries, however, in terms of Cambodia's Maritime Law and the Fisheries Law, the provincial government's jurisdiction ends at international waters. Based on the real practices is that day­ to-day management of fisheries resources is at the provincial level. However, based on the current practices of fisheries management, provincial authorities have not taken into consideration on provincial transboundary fisheries resources, which these resources could not be managed in disaggregated way. 48 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) Similarly, the enforcement cannot stop at the provincial water borders, when fishing vessels of all provinces arbitrarily cross borders and fish in neighbouring provinces. The coastal provincial authorities should cooperate for joint management of fisheries resources and law enforcement. The FiA has better resources and means in terms of patrol boats and operational capacity than the provincial authorities. Resources, means and facilities at the provincial level are at a lower operational level, making it difficult to effectively conduct Control and Inspection at sea for all coastal provinces. The FiA and the FiACs shall cooperate, where the FiA shall assist the FiAC of each province to undertake patrols in inshore areas (<20m isobath) for minimum of 7 working days per month, for a period of 5 years or until the specific FiAC has enough resources and equipment to undertake such patrols by themselves. 49»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 6.3. Annex 3: The implementation of fishing Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) The arrangements for the deployment of the cellphone VMS system, include: Procedural arrangement: a) The FiA shall select one service provider who will provide the data (vessel position) including software, hardware and training to the fishing vessel monitoring office; b} The selected service provider will sell the VMS equipment to fishermen through the establishment of a 2-year contract; c} The VMS sold to fishermen should include functionalities that are directly beneficial to fishermen, such as e.g. an auto alarm system; and d) Fishing vessels will have to be equipped before the owners making a request for a fishing license. VMS deployment will be started with firstly the largest vessels, then followed by other vessels (see Error! Reference source not found.) Cost: The large- and middle-scale fishing vessels will be required to purchase the VMS equipment and cellphone service contracts. Equipment for small trawlers (less than 12m LOA), there will be subsidized by the government for planting the VMS. It is expected that the VMS on small trawlers (<12m) will be in place in the third year of VMS deployment plan. These subsidies could take the form of direct payment to the supplier based on the number of units sold (no payment made to fishermen), or a discount on the cost of licensing for the first year of the plan. 50 «« National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 6.4. Annex 4: Fish Catch Assessment Surveys Arrangements for the monitoring marine catches are: logbooks will be only used for large and middle scale fishing vessels, as it will require a lot of resource for processing. logbooks from the middle-scale vessels (which are estimated to be in the range of 2,000 to 3,000) are without much workable as the information in most of the time is not reliable. In addition, monitoring of fish catch will rely on a combination of tools and methods, which are in the following: a) Voluntary catch reported by fishermen, using an application such as Abalobi {from previous experience, samples are around 20% within small-scale fishermen, mostly from women who also find that the tool is useful to record their sales and manage family business). b} Catch surveys to be conducted by MaFReDI, include: b.1) A marine fish catch assessment survey, which shall record all catches landed from all fishing boats at fishing ports or landing sites during identified number of days; and the survey shall be repeated twice a year. This type of survey shall provide a good understanding of the situation of fish stock and changes (through repeating survey); b.2) A statistical data collection from fishing ports or landing sites, which have promptly been selected as samples, for analysing within the whole year. 51»»National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries ( 2020-2024 ) 7. References Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia {1999). FAO (2004) and Cambodia 2008 Census. FiA (2016-a) Assessment report of fishing capacity and IUU in Cambodia's EEZ and high seas. FiA (2016-b) FiA Fishery Statistics 2016. Fishery Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. MAFF (2015) The Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries: Update for 2015-2024. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and FIA Fisheries Statistics for 2017. Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia. Political and geographical map of Cambodia. Teh, L, Shon D, Zylich K and Zeller D (2014) Reconstructing Cambodia's marine fisheries catch 1950 - 2010. The University of British Columbia Working Paper #2014-18. UNIDO/MAFF (2015) Value Chain Assessment of Marine Fisheries Sector and Roadmap for Development. United Nations Industrial Development Organization/Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.