Cambodia’s Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production for the period of 2022-2035

Cambodia’s Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 A plan to strengthen the sustainability of Cambodia’s consumption and production systems 2022 Suggested citation General Directorate of Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia and SWITCH-Asia RPAC (2021). Cambodia’s Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035. Contact Information General Directorate of Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Environment: # Techo Building (Lot 503), Tonle Bassac, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. https://ncsd.moe.gov.kh Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed Memon Regional Coordinator for Resource Efficiency United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Project Manager, Regional Policy Advocacy Component The EU SWITCH-Asia Programme Email: memon@un.org © 2022 General Directorate of Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission the copyright holder. https://ncsd.moe.gov.kh/ mailto:memon@un.org Acknowledgement Cambodia’s Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production for the period of 2022-2035 was developed by the General Directorate of Policy and Strategy (Formerly known as the General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development (GSSD)), Ministry of Environment, Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC), with technical support from the consultants Fiona Lord, Researcher, Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Sovichea Leang, independent consultant, under the supervision of the Department of Green Economy, General Directorate of Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Environment, with financial support from the European Union (EU) through EU SWITCH-Asia Programme and in collaboration with the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) through the Regional Policy Advocacy Component (RPAC) and the EU SWITCH-Asia programme. The printing of this roadmap was sponsored by WWF Cambodia’s project on Sustainable Consumption and Production. The project is part of WWF’s Initiative ‘Future Food Together: Transforming Food Systems in the Global South’ supported by the German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection through the International Climate Initiative. Cambodia’s Roadmap for SCP 2022-2035 is supported by a ‘Scoping Study on Sustainable Consumption and Production in Cambodia’, which is published separately. The team would like to express thanks to the independent experts Fiona Lord and Leang Sovichea for their dedication and commitment to complete the Cambodia’s Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production. Our sincere appreciation goes to the experts for their technical and coordination support including Nop Sokhai and Chan Soknaran (GSSD/MoE). Special thanks are conveyed to our partners and the EU Delegation in Cambodia for their technical comments and inputs: Clemens BECKERS (EU), Moeko Saito-Jensen, PhD (UNDP), Tunnie Srisakulchairak (UNEP), Peter King (IGES), Dwayne Appleby (IGES), Chika Aoki (IGES), Rithy Uch (COMPED), Sam Phalla (COMPED) and Loraine Gatlabayan, EU SWITCH-Asia SCP Facility, Karolien Casaer-Diez (GGGI), Ravi Jayaweera (B4P), and Anthena Denise Galao (UN Women). Finally, heartfelt thanks on endless support during the preparation process to the following, in particular: H.E Tin Ponlok, Secretary of State of Ministry of Environment and 2nd Vice-Chair of NCSD. General Directorate of Policy and Strategy (GDPS), Ministry of Environment • H.E. Vann Monyneath, General Director, GDPS • H.E. Ngin Lina, Deputy General Director, GDPS • Mr. Taing Meng Eang, Director, Department of Green Economy • Mr. Nop Sokhai, Deputy Director, Department of Green Economy • Dr. Keo Vanthoeun, Deputy Director, Department of Green Economy • Mr. Chan Soknaran, Vice-Chief of Office, Department of Green Economy  Mr. Tang Punleu, Vice-Chief of Office, Department of Green Economy Table of Contents Preface............................................................................................................................ ...... Acronyms and abbreviations.......................................................................................................... Executive summary.......................................................................................................................... 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 2. Vision and mission for SCP........................................................................................................ 3. Goals for SCP................................................................................................................................ 4. Guiding principles....................................................................................................................... 5. Defining Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP)....................................................... 6. Strategic analysis........................................................................................................................ 6.1 Alignment with existing policies and sectoral plans in cambodia................................................. 6.2 Benefits of SCP for cambodia...................................................................................................... 6.3 Cambodia’s existing SCP policy actions..................................................................................... 6.4 Opportunities and challenges for sustainable consumption and production............................... 6.5 Opportunities for the implementation of SCP in key sectors....................................................... 6.6 Challenges for implementation of SCP........................................................................................ 7. Priority strategies and actions................................................................................................... 7.1 Sustainable production................................................................................................................ 1. Sustainable industry..................................................................................................................... 2. Sustainable primary production (fishing, agriculture, forestry)...................................................... 3. Sustainable natural resources extraction and production (minerals, oil, sand)............................. 4. Sustainable building design (construction and housing)............................................................... 5. Sustainable tourism and services................................................................................................. 6. Sustainable business initiatives.................................................................................................... 7.2 Sustainable distribution............................................................................................................... 1. Environmental labelling and product certification.......................................................................... 2. Sustainable packaging.................................................................................................................. 3. Trade incentives............................................................................................................................ 4. Sustainableproducttransportandlogistics...................................................................................... 7.3 Sustainable consumption............................................................................................................ 1. Waste prevention, recycling, and management............................................................................ 2. Sustainable energy consumption.................................................................................................. 3. Sustainable water consumption.................................................................................................... 4. Sustainable personal transport..................................................................................................... 5. Sustainable cities and neighbourhoods........................................................................................ I III V 1 2 2 3 4 6 6 8 9 10 10 13 15 15 16 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 7.4 Sustainable investment......................................................................................................................... 25 1. National funding for sustainable consumption and production................................................................ 25 2. Incentives for socially responsible investment ........................................................................................ 25 3. Sustainable public procurement............................................................................................................... 26 4. Innovative financing for sustainable technology....................................................................................... 26 7.5 Values for sustainability......................................................................................................................... 26 1. Education for sustainability....................................................................................................................... 27 2. Defining and measuring sustainability...................................................................................................... 27 3. Gender and socially inclusive sustainability............................................................................................. 28 4. Advancing knowledge and communications............................................................................................ 29 8. Institutional arrangements.................................................................................................................... 29 8.1 Overview of institutional arrangements for SCP in cambodia................................................................. 29 8.2 Stakeholder engagement and coordination.......................................................................................... 31 9. Budget and financial mechanisms..................................................................................................... 32 9.1 Domestic funding vehicles.................................................................................................................... 32 9.2 International support............................................................................................................................. 34 9.3 Non-governmental organisations and not-for-profit initiatives................................................................ 37 10. Monitoring, evaluation and learning..................................................................................................... 37 11. Conclusion............................................................................................................................................. 38 Appendix 1. Action matrix.......................................................................................................................... 39 Appendix 2. Relevant laws, policies, strategies and action plans......................................................... 78 Appendix 3. Summary of existing policies and initiative supporting SCP............................................. 80 Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................. 82 II List of Figures Figure 1. The Sustainable Consumption and Production System........................................................... 5 Figure 2. Hierarchy of National Plans and Strategies in Cambodia........................................................ 7 Figure 3. Policy and program interventions for SCP across the economy and society in Cambodia………… 9 Figure 4. National Council for Sustainable Development and its Technical Working Groups………... 30 Figure 5. Stakeholder Mapping for SCP Roadmap implementation.................................................... 31 Figure 6. National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) funding mobilized with Development Partners in 2016 to 2024................................................................................... 34 List of Table Table 1. Summary of opportunities for SCP across sectors and initiatives in Cambodia, as identified in the Scoping Study................................................................................................... 10 CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 III Acronyms and Abbreviations ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CCC Cambodia Chamber of Commerce CDC Council for Development of Cambodia C-SDG Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals DGE Department of Green Economy EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EU European Union FA Forestry Administration FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FASMEC Federation of Associations for Small and Medium Enterprises of Cambodia GGGI Global Green Growth Institute GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GMAC Garment Manufacturers Association of Cambodia GPP Green Public Procurement GDP Gross Domestic Product GSSD General Secretariat for Sustainable Development ISC Institute of Standards of Cambodia ITC Institute of Technology of Cambodia KICT Korean Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MISTI Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology, and Innovation MoC Ministry of Commerce MoE Ministry of Environment MoEYS Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport MoH Ministry of Health MoI Ministry of Interior MoLVT Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training MoP Ministry of Planning MoSVY Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation MoWRM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MoWA Ministry of Women’s Affairs of Cambodia MME Ministry of Mines and Energy MLMUPC Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction MPTC Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport MRD Ministry of Rural Development MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises NCDD National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development NCSD National Council for Sustainable Development CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 IV NGO Non-Government organization NSDP National Strategic Development Plan NTFP Non-Timber Forest Products REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation RGC Royal Government of Cambodia SCP Sustainable Consumption and Production SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SEZ Special Economic Zones SME Small to Medium Enterprise TWG Technical Working Group UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 V Executive Summary SCP is a holistic approach to minimising the negative environmental impacts from consumption and production systems while promoting quality of life for all, according to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, 2011). Recognising that the world is facing unprecedented challenges from the emergence of multiple crises related to natural resources and the environment – pandemics, climate change, water security, food security and biodiversity loss – SCP enables society to do more and better with less environmental impact. SCP strategies and actions support low-carbon development, more efficient use of natural resources, a circular economy, and promote sustainable lifestyles. Cambodia’s Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production (2022-2035) recognizes that Cambodia’s economy and societal well-being are closely linked to the quality of its environment and natural resources, and that SCP implementation will be foundational to the countries’ long-term socio-economic development and prosperity. Cambodia’s primary economic sectors – agriculture, tourism, construction, and manufacturing – all rely on natural resources and environmental quality, and therefore the holistic integration of sustainable production practices in these sectors is important for their longevity. Furthermore, the national roadmap recognizes that global supply chains are currently shifting towards greater awareness and integration of sustainability across all dimensions – ecological, social, cultural, and economic – driven by consumer demand and global agreements. This global shift requires Cambodia’s suppliers into global markets to have an increasing focus on, and transparency around, sustainability and corporate governance, as the industrial sector grows and diversifies. Cambodia’s Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production (2022-2035) establishes a a 14-year plan to strengthen the sustainability of Cambodia’s consumption and production systems through 5 strategic pillars, 23 practical strategies and 108 actions to be delivered over the short-, medium- and long-term. This national roadmap builds on a range of sustainability initiatives and policies already being implemented in Cambodia, for example, under the National Strategic Plan for Green Growth (2013-2030) and to achieve the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals and Cambodia’s updated Nationally Determined Contribution (2020). Cambodia’s national roadmap takes a multi-sector approach, and comprehensively considers SCP strategies and actions for all economic sectors, including the industrial sector, building construction, tourism and services, energy consumption, water, solid waste, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, protected areas, transport and logistics, mining, and education. Cambodia’s Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production (2022-2035) recognizes that improvements are needed across the entire consumption and production system – from investment to product design, distribution, marketing and consumption – as well engagement with the values underpinning consumption behaviour and social relations. Recognising this holistic approach, the roadmap identifies strategies and actions for each element of the SCP system (see Figure 1), including: VI CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 VI • Sustainable production: sustainable industry; sustainable primary production (forestry, fisheries, and agriculture), sustainable natural resources extraction and production (minerals, oils, sand); sustainable building design; sustainable tourism and services; and sustainable business initiatives • Sustainable distribution: environmental labelling and product certification; sustainable packaging; trade incentives; sustainable product transport and logistics • Sustainable consumption: waste prevention, recycling and management; sustainable energy consumption; sustainable water consumption; sustainable personal transport; and sustainable cities • Sustainable investment: national funding for SCP; incentives for socially responsible investment; sustainable/ green public procurement; and innovative financing for sustainable technology • Values for sustainability: education for sustainability; defining and measuring sustainability, gender and socially inclusive sustainability; and advancing knowledge and communications on SCP. Cambodia’s Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production (2022-2035) establishes institutional arrangements and discusses existing platforms to mobilize finance for its implementation. Implementation of the national roadmap for SCP requires long-term multi-stakeholder collaboration, including between the RGC’s line ministries, the private sector, civil society and development partners. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 VII Ministries and representatives of the SCP Technical Working Group under NCSD • General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development • Ministry of Environment • Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation • Ministry of Interior • Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries • Ministry of Mines and Energy • Ministry of Commerce • Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports • Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction • Ministry of Tourism • Ministry of Economy and Finance • Ministry of Planning • Ministry of Information • Ministry of Public Work and Transportation • Ministry of Women Affaires • Ministry of Health • Council for Development of Cambodia. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 9 1. Introduction Over the past two decades, Cambodia has made strong progress on economic growth and poverty reduction on the back of strong growth in agriculture, construction, garment manufacturing and tourism. Cambodia’s average annual economic growth rate was maintained at around 7% over the period 2006 to 2019, and Cambodia achieved lower-middle income status in 2015 (RGC, 2019b). While Cambodia’s poverty rate has dropped substantially from 52% in 2004 to 13.5% in 2014 (RGC, 2016), these recent gains have been threatened by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 has disrupted economic activity, particularly in tourism, manufacturing, and construction. However, Cambodia aims to recover from COVID-19 and become an upper middle-income country by 2030. At the same time, Cambodia faces increasing environmental sustainability challenges and is highly exposed and vulnerable to climate change. Cambodia faces increasing sustainability pressures associated with managing solid waste, air quality, water quality, biodiversity, climate change and managing land and soil quality. The COVID-19 economic recovery presents an opportunity for Cambodia to fast-track investment and business development in practices that support environmentally sustainable consumption and production. COVID-19 has already required society in Cambodia to adapt in many ways, including through greater reliance on digital technology, which has delivered some sustainability benefits. For example, the increased reliance on digital technology for communications has reduced the need to travel and meet face-to-face for business and government services, thereby reducing emissions from the transport sector. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has already developed Cambodia’s National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) (2019-2023) which commits Cambodia to “promoting resource efficiency and sustainability by implementing the principle of sustainable consumption and production.”1 In addition, Cambodia’s commitments under the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals (C-SDGs) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, align with the national goal of strengthening SCP in Cambodia, especially through the Cambodian SDG-12 on ‘Responsible Consumption and Production’.2 Moreover, under Cambodia’s National Strategic Plan for Green Growth (2013-2030), the RGC seeks to integrate green growth practices and policies, including SCP, into its economic and social development agenda. To join these commitments, the RGC through its National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) has identified the need to develop a ‘National Roadmap for Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) 2022-2035’ to accelerate SCP implementation in Cambodia. After identifying existing SCP experiences in Cambodia, and knowledge gaps on SCP, through a scoping studying commissioned by NCSD with support from the Regional Policy Advocacy Component, implemented by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) under the EU-funded SWITCH-Asia Programme, this SCP Roadmap develops a clear vision, goals, and actions, including measurable targets to achieve SCP implementation, within the short-, medium-, and long-term. The 1 NSDP 2019-2023, Action 4.190, page 219 (English version). 2 See Scoping Paper for this SCP Roadmap for the discussion on how SDG-12 has been modified in the Cambodian context. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 10 purpose of national SCP Roadmap is to identify potential opportunities for SCP practice across sectors, prioritise future SCP actions and SCP mainstreaming opportunities, clarify responsibilities for SCP priority actions, and identify potential resourcing opportunities for their implementation. The SCP Roadmap has been developed through a multi-stakeholder engagement approach, under the leadership of the NCSD’s Technical Working Group (TWG) for SCP and its Department of Green Economy (DGE). 2. Vision and Mission for SCP The RGC has the following vision, mission, and goals for SCP in Cambodia between 2022 and 2035. Vision Our vision is to drive sustainability in development in Cambodia that secures economic prosperity while safeguarding environmental quality and natural resource integrity. By 2035, our vision is for the development of all sectors of Cambodia’s society and economy to follow pathways leading to a sustainable and prosperous future for all citizens, a healthy environment, enhanced wellbeing and thriving ecosystems. Mission Our mission is to provide guidance and direction for the public and private sectors, academia, civil society organizations, and development partners to consider economic, social, and environmental development with the new way of living required to realize sustainable consumption and production in Cambodia. 3. Goals for SCP The RGC has the following goals for SCP in Cambodia, supporting its vision and mission. Goals 1. To promote sustainability in consumption and production of goods and services, thereby protecting the environment and social well-being while increasing business competitiveness and promoting innovation. 2. To identify and implement policies and programs, including incentives and regulations, which effectively and efficiently enable business and consumer practices to become more sustainable. 3. To strengthen research and development into business models, government services and community consumption behaviours to enhance SCP across the economy. 4. To promote SCP leadership across all sectors, including amongst government (national and sub-national), private sector and civil society, especially through advancing women’s leadership. 5. To raise awareness and build capacity to Cambodian citizens to participate in SCP implementation at all levels of society, and amongst the diverse range of communities within the population, especially the younger generation, women and girls, as well as marginalized groups. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 11 4. Guiding Principles The following principles guide the Cambodia’s SCP Roadmap and its priority actions: 1. Adherence and alignment to global commitments (C-SDGs and Paris Agreement) – ensuring our priority actions for SCP will support the RGC in meeting its commitments under the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, as outlined in Cambodia’s updated Nationally Determined Contribution (2020) 2. Supporting the RGC’s vision to achieve economic prosperity and upper middle-income status by 2030 and high-income status by 2050 – under the Rectangular Strategy, Phase IV and Cambodia’s Vision 2050 and sustainable development strategies 3. Environmental protection and sustainability – ensuring environmental sustainability and pre-emptive responses to climate change is fundamental to Cambodia’s prosperity and livelihoods, particularly the effective management and protection of the environment and natural resources 4. Maintaining well-being – improving and maintaining social well-being including public health in Cambodia is critical to the quality of life by reducing population health risks and illness associated with environmental challenges, such as air pollution, flood, droughts, declining water quality, contaminated land, and climate change; this includes ensuring that actions support the long-term recovery from COVID-19 pandemic as a central concern for the RGC and the Cambodian community 5. Sustainable and gender-inclusive development – maintaining the priority given to poverty reduction and inclusive economic growth is critical for effective action on SCP in Cambodia, particularly to ensure gender equity and responsiveness, and improve the quality of life of the poorest and most vulnerable groups 6. Multi-sector and multi-stakeholder approach – cross-sector coordination and collaboration between stakeholders across the public and private sectors and civil society will drive innovation in SCP practices in Cambodia and deliver benefits and opportunities across stakeholder groups 7. Adherence to integrated planning techniques – ensuring a comprehensive understanding of all relevant sectors and the integration of social, economic, and ecological issues through multi-disciplinary and inclusive planning processes and in the implementation of SCP actions. 5. Defining Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) The current ‘take-make-dispose’ practices of consumers and businesses around the world are adding enormous pressures on the environment and natural resources, including biodiversity, and leading to increased levels of waste generation, pollution and carbon emissions. SCP concepts introduce new systems and practices for both the public and private sectors to alter these environmentally unsustainable practices. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), “SCP is a holistic approach to minimising the negative environmental impacts from consumption and production systems while promoting quality of life for all” (UNEP, 2011). SCP promotes the use of sustainable materials and renewable energy as production inputs, and energy and production efficiency in the generation of commercial products and services. SCP also promotes more sustainable consumption behaviour through the minimization of single-use items such as single-use plastics, and through reuse and repair of products to sustain the lifecycle of products. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 12 SCP supports the transition of the economy from a traditional growth pattern that is harmful to the environment, human well-being and natural resources towards a circular economy approach and sustainable pathway. Economic growth in many contexts currently gives rise to negative environmental externalities, such as through resource extraction, and pollution of the air, unclean water, and soil degradation, as well as through increased volumes of waste. De-coupling of economic growth from environmental degradation is needed to sustain our quality of life and the quality of the natural environment. SCP supports a paradigm shift from the traditional model of economic growth to a ‘circular economy’ approach, which is based on three things including designing-out of waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems (RGC, 2021). SCP requires improvements to the entire circular consumption and production system – from investment to product design, distribution, marketing, and consumption – as well as the engagement with the values underpinning consumption behaviours and social relations (see Figure 1). Figure 1. The Sustainable Consumption and Production System (source: authors, adapted from Barber (2014)). Sustainable Production Sustainable Distribution/ Marketing SCP System CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 13 Measures to support sustainability can be implemented across the entire SCP system within the economy: (1) Production, (2) Distribution, (3) Consumption, (4) Investment and (5) Values, as seen in Figure 1. Each element of the SCP system presents opportunities for reform measures, as follows: • production system – industrial ecology, lifecycle analysis, clean production/pollution prevention, sustainable manufacturing, extended producer responsibility, product design • distribution system – advertising reform, eco-labelling, fair trade, certification, sustainable packaging, full cost pricing • consumption system – lifestyles/voluntary simplicity, consumer information, right to know, education for sustainability, consumer action, ethical shopping, waste minimization • investment system – socially responsible investment, institutional procurement, subsidy reform, eco tax/tax shifting, ethical investment guidelines, financial institutional reform, philanthropy • values – redefining progress, happiness research, well-being research, defining and measuring sustainability, national sustainability strategies, new narratives, and visioning 6. Strategic Analysis The SCP Roadmap is supported by the RGC because of (1) alignment with the existing policies and sectoral plans in Cambodia, and (2) the benefits of SCP for Cambodia. This section also discusses Cambodia’s existing regulations, policies and strategies which support SCP, as well as the opportunities and challenges for implementation of SCP across Cambodia’s economy and society. 6.1 Alignment with existing policies and sectoral plans in Cambodia This SCP Roadmap is developed in alignment with the RGC’s existing policies, regulations, national development plans, strategies, priorities, and sustainable development goals as summarized in Figure 2 and listed in Appendix 2. Under Cambodia’s Vision 2050, Cambodia is aiming to become an upper-middle income country by 2030 and a high-income country by 2050, as well as to promote economic inclusion and environmental sustainability via achieving the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals (2016-2030). To achieving this vision, the RGC has put in place policies and the Cambodia’s Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency, Phase IV to gain high benefits from Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) economic integration and transition from a lower-middle-income country to and an upper-middle-income country. The SCP Roadmap aligns with Cambodia’s National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) (2019-2023). Under the NSDP (2019-2023), environmental sustainability is highlighted as an important element of economic development, as follows “the management of the environment and natural resources, including climate change, is an important issue in terms of sustainability and stability of Cambodia’s economic growth and development” (page 21). The NSDP (2019-2023) highlights the following challenges for environmental sustainability and economic growth; (1) strengthening the capacity for cross-sector coordination and cooperation on issues such as land, forests, and air quality in urban and rural areas; (2) the need to focus on reforestation to restore forest cover; (3) managing the effects of climate change, urbanization and industrialization growth which will put an additional burden on Cambodia’s natural resources and ecosystems. Under the NSDP (2019-2023), the RGC has established the priority strategy to “Ensure the environmental sustainability and pre-emptive CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 14 response to climate change” (see Section 6.4), and to implement SCP through the action: “Promoting resource efficiency and sustainability by implementing the principle of sustainable consumption and production” (Action 4.190, page 219). Cambodia Vision 2050 Rectangular Strategy / RGC’s Policies, and CSDGs NSDP 2019-2023, 2024-2028, 2029-2033…. Sectoral Strategy and Development Plans, Laws and Regulations Other policies, action plans and regulations Figure 2. Hierarchy of National Plans and Strategies in Cambodia Cambodia has established a fully localized framework for the SDGs, known as the Cambodian SDGs (C-SDGs). The C-SDGs comprise 18 goals, 88 nationally relevant targets and 148 globally and locally defined indicators. Cambodia’s first Voluntary National Review of the C-SDG implementation was submitted in 2019 to the United Nations (RGC, 2019a). SDG-12 (‘ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns’) is the most relevant to the SCP Roadmap and includes 11 global targets that have been adapted in the Cambodian context.3 Additionally, the implementation of the SCP Roadmap will support Cambodia to achieve other C-SDGs, including C-SDG 13 (‘take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts’), C-SDG 6 (‘ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’), C-SDG 14 (‘conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development’), and C-SDG 15 (‘protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss’). Cambodia’s updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) was also developed and released in 2020 to strongly support multilateral action on climate change under the Paris climate agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The NDC demonstrates Cambodian’s commitments and needs for the next decade towards a low carbon and climate-resilient 3 See Scoping Study for this SCP Roadmap for the discussion on how SDG-12 has been modified in the Cambodian context. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 15 society. This document consists of 51 mitigation and 86 adaptation measures or actions across the wide range of all relevant governmental agencies’ responsibilities. There is close alignment between Cambodia’s the NDC and the SCP actions under this SCP Roadmap (see Action Matrix at Appendix 1). Cambodia has adopted several conventions, regulations, policies, and accelerating strategies for SCP, responding to the United Nation’s 10-YFP on Sustainable Consumption and Production, including: • Stockholm Convention related to the reduction of persistent organic pollutants • Minamata Convention on Mercury for Mercury usage reduction • Sub-Decree No. 113 on Municipal Waste and Solid Waste Management • Sub-Decree No. 238 on Environmental and Social Fund • Sub-Decree No. 16 on the Management of Electrical and Electronic Waste • Sub-Decree No. 168 on the Management of Plastic Bags • Sub-Decree No. 235 on the Management of Sewage System and Wastewater Treatment. 6.2 Benefits of SCP for Cambodia Cambodia’s economy and societal well-being are closely linked to the quality of its environment and natural resources. Cambodia’s primary economic sectors – agriculture, tourism, construction, and manufacturing – all rely on environment and natural resources. Cambodia is also amongst the countries that are the most vulnerable to global environmental crises, such as climate change, water security and pollution. For these reasons, Cambodia has a strong interest in protecting its environment and natural resources for the human well-being and contribute to global efforts to address environmental crises. Current pressures on natural resources from socio-economic changes are pushing the sustainability of ecological systems to their limits. For instance, land degradation from expansion of agricultural development and growth in agricultural production is reducing the provision of ecosystem services and has estimated to be cost of 677 million USD, which is equivalent to about 8% of Cambodia’s GDP (UNCDD, 2018). Economic growth and sustained poverty reduction in Cambodia will require increased levels of resources consumption, particularly for the meeting the basic needs of the poorest communities. However, through technology improvements and increased resource efficiency, growing the economy no longer requires consumption practices that degrade the environment. New cleaner technologies and circular production processes present opportunities to produce sustainable products and services that reduce costs, generate new jobs, create new markets, and achieve competitive business advantages. Moreover, global supply chains are currently shifting towards a greater awareness of sustainability across all dimensions – ecological, social, cultural, and economic – driven by consumer demand. This global shift will result in Cambodian suppliers into global markets to have an increasing focus on, and greater transparency around environmental, social, and corporate governance, as the industrial sector grows and diversifies (Silk, D.M., et al, 2020). Furthermore, investment in new business practices and economic opportunities through SCP, can create co-benefits and opportunities for gender equality and social inclusion, for example through promoting women’s entrepreneurship in SCP related business development. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 16 Therefore, to achieve sustainable development over the coming decades, Cambodia has the opportunity to reorient its investment environment, business models and consumer practices through implementation of SCP to achieve these dual goals of (1) economic growth and poverty reduction, and (2) environment and natural resources protection, through policies, regulations, incentives, and information campaigns. 6.3 Cambodia’s existing SCP policy actions The RGC aims to mainstream the SCP principles and actions into different sectors including industry, tourism, construction, and agriculture through the draft Environment and Natural Resources Code. This draft Code promotes SCP practices through eco-labels and sustainable/green public procurement. Other SCP and relevant documents, policies, regulations, and measures are newly developed and on-going to support and complement this SCP Roadmap, including the Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan (2021-2025). A range of sector-specific regulations, strategies and policies have been adopted that to some extent support SCP or are currently being designed in areas such as tourism, energy, manufacturing and building construction (see Figure 3). Further analysis of Cambodia’s existing regulations, strategies and policies that support SCP is available in the Scoping Paper to support this SCP Roadmap. Figure 3. Policy and program interventions for SCP across the economy and society in Cambodia (source: adapted from UNEP (2012)). CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 17 6.4 Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Consumption and Production Building on Cambodia’s existing initiatives, the foundation for SCP implementation in Cambodia is now being established, for example design of the draft Environment and Natural Resources Code and recently developed Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan (2021-2025). Opportunities and challenges for the implementation of SCP in Cambodia have been identified through the Scoping Paper and multi-stakeholder consultations for the design of this SCP Roadmap and are summarised below. 6.5 Opportunities for the implementation of SCP in key sectors Building on existing policies and strategies outlined above, there are a range of opportunities for SCP implementation in Cambodia across key sectors and initiatives (see Table 1). For some of these opportunities identified, the design of new policy measures, laws and regulations has already commenced, or is well advanced, as discussed in detail for each sector in the Scoping Study for this SCP Roadmap and summarised in Appendix 3. These opportunities listed in Table 1 have been prioritized through multi-stakeholder consultations and feasibility analysis and form the basis of the strategies and priority actions for SCP listed in section 5 of this SCP Roadmap (see Action Matrix – Appendix 1). Table 1. Summary of opportunities for SCP across sectors and initiatives in Cambodia, as identified in the Scoping Study Sector / initiative Opportunities for SCP in Cambodia Industry (manufacturing) • Increase efficiency use of resources (energy, garments and textiles, water , materials) and pollution control in factories • Establish new guidelines, networks, and training for industrial enterprises, especially small- to-medium- enterprises (SMEs) on SCP • Update and strengthen Cambodia’s environmental quality and effluent standards for factories • Monitor and enforce of environment quality and effluent standards • Upgrade green/sustainable technology in factories, with support from programs for environmental technology and increased access to finance. • Increase sound waste management practices, including 3R policies, industrial waste source sorting, re-use and recycling of textiles, and final proper disposal. Building construction and housing • Promote green/sustainable building design, through green building guidelines, including energy efficiency and water use efficiency, climate responsive urban design and use of materials that promote healthy lifestyles CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 11 Sector / initiative Opportunities for SCP in Cambodia • Establish minimum performance standards within the green building guidelines for retrofitting and construction of buildings • Integrate green building guidelines into Cambodia’s building codes • Respect and conserve cultural heritage. Tourism and services • Promote responsible and sustainable tourism and hospitality, which protects natural resources while supporting community economic development • Promote eco-tourism and the strengthening of capacity, planning and regulations for community-based eco-tourism and livelihood opportunities. Public procurement • Promote sustainable products and services through sustainable/green procurement practices (GPP) in public and the private sectors • Establish minimum environmental criteria and performance requirements for procurement of products and services by government agencies/ institutions. Eco-labelling • Design an eco-labelling program for consumer products, including tourism and services, which identifies the life-cycle of a product, and enables importers, retailers, and consumers to review the sustainability of the product • Design national standards and guidelines for eco-labelling, alongside institutional arrangements for the certification of standards • Promote the eco-labelling programs amongst consumers and Cambodia’s trading partners. Solid waste reduction and management • Promote the improvements to waste segregation, product reuse and recycling/upcycling, organic waste management and waste minimization • Promote sustainable consumption and production of plastic, including through alternatives to single-use plastics, especially single use food packaging, and establish plastic production standards • Implement extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes • Support waste-to-energy for residual waste treatment • Support improvements in landfill disposal and operations • Support improvements to the waste collection system and promote inclusive waste management systems • Develop regulations/tax to discourage/ban the single-use plastic • Support and promote the development of guidelines and any regulations to manage waste from hospital or related to COVID-19 pandemic • Strengthen institutions to support the environmentally sound management of chemicals and implementation of international commitments on chemicals. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 12 Sector / initiative Opportunities for SCP in Cambodia Agriculture, fisheries, and forestry • Support sustainable management of agrochemicals (chemical fertilizers and pesticides) • Reduce illegal deforestation and support sustainable forest management, including through forest certification • Support sustainable soils management and sustainable food production • Support sustainable fisheries management, including through certification • Support sustainable soft wood industry, including sustainable wood pellets and plantation • Protect right to Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) in all initiatives, especially in the use of resources. Transport and logistics • Promote the use of low/no-emission vehicles and use of biofuels • Increase the efficiency, accessibility, and usage of multi-nodal and mobility systems, including public transit systems (buses, railways) • Provide for and promote cycling and pedestrian friendly infrastructure. Sustainable cities and neighborhoods • Promote concepts such as smart, sustainable, liveable, and resilient cities • Support mixed land-use, qualified urban density, green/blue infrastructure, and material recycling within neighborhoods • Promote climate protection and urban resilience through provision of green space and urban tree planting • Promote participatory and inclusive planning process for neighborhoods. Water consumption and use • Promote efficiency water use in industries and households • Introduce equitable wastewater tariffs to support sustainable financing of wastewater treatment and management • Restore of green infrastructure, including natural lakes and streams • Increase the use of decentralized wastewater treatment infrastructure • Improve drainage systems, household sanitation and school-based sanitation • Promote the reduction of potable water demand by wastewater recycling, using local sources and utilizing rainwater. Energy consumption • Promote energy efficiency in industry, buildings, and transport • Promote energy efficiency, including through labelling systems for products, energy efficiency audits and awareness raising • Establish regulations to promote renewable energy and energy efficiency. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 13 Sector / initiative Opportunities for SCP in Cambodia Mining • Ensure mineral resource extraction is excluded from protected areas • Support public-private partnerships that enable responsible mining practices, with environmental protection, and provision of jobs and education opportunities for local communities, including Indigenous peoples. Financing • Incentivize more sustainable businesses and investments in through banking and finance sector lending practices that promote environmental sustainability • Reduce the risk of sustainable investments (e.g., in energy efficiency) through partnering with donors and multilateral development banks. Education and awareness • Encourage the expansion of the eco-schools’ programme • Promote sustainability communication and leadership in businesses and workplaces through certification, awards, and recognition • Increase public awareness campaigns on sustainable lifestyles • Recognize contributions and promote initiatives of women, women’s organisations and civil society organisations in SCP • Strengthen of vocational training opportunities in sustainability businesses. 6.6 Challenges for implementation of SCP The challenges for implementing SCP in Cambodia span across multiple themes discussed below. Policies and laws: While Cambodia’s national policy framework from its highest level is supportive of SCP, including the Rectangular Strategy Phase IV, NSDP (2019-2023), and the National Strategic Plan for Green Growth (2013-2030), there is currently no clear direction and steps for implementation of SCP. A range of sector-specific regulations, strategies and policies have been adopted that to some extent support SCP (see Appendix 3) or are currently being designed in areas such as tourism, energy, manufacturing and building construction. However, many of those sector-specific policies, strategies and regulations are not well aligned, which gives limited effect on SCP implementation overall. Additionally, for each government policy and strategy, practical guidance and clear milestones need to be defined over the next five, ten or twenty years to enable SCP implementation, such as for design of eco-labels, green building certification, eco-tourism and green public procurement. Coordination and responsibility: The roles and responsibilities of many stakeholders in the implementation of SCP is currently unclear, leading to a lack of coordination especially amongst ministries and between the national and sub-national levels of government. For example, the institutional arrangements for monitoring the implementation of the C-SDGs are currently unclear and coordination among ministries and stakeholders responsible for the various targets that relate to SCP remains ad hoc. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 14 Research: Studies and research on SCP in Cambodia, and the impact of SCP measures, are currently very limited. There are currently few studies that relate to the whole SCP system in Cambodia, including the elements of production, distribution, consumption, investment, and values. Policy research is needed to inform the strengthening of Cambodia’s tax and regulatory framework for SCP (KEI, 2018). Human resources and financial resources: A range of laws, regulations, strategies, and policies have been established supporting SCP, but their implementation is inconsistent, due to insufficient resources, both in terms of human and financial capacity. Limited financial and technical resources are available for SCP for introducing new initiatives, such as eco-labelling and green public procurement, through partnerships between the RGC and international development agencies. Efforts should be increased to better mainstream the priorities for SCP into the national budget, in line with the work undertaken by NCSD and MEF in recent years for climate responsive budgeting in pilot ministries (KEI, 2018). The achievement of SCP implementation across all sectors in the economy will require the commitment and allocation of resources from a range of government institutions at the national and sub-national levels (KEI, 2018). Furthermore, measures to mobilize private sector resources and public-private partnerships for sustainable businesses and sustainable consumer practices should be expanded in Cambodia. Incentives for the private sector: Cambodia does not currently have many policy incentives in place that address the negative externalities of the private sector activities, such as the pollution and environmental degradation resulting from certain private enterprises and private consumption activities (such as manufacturing, building construction, transportation, forestry, and agriculture). The absence of incentives to internalize environmental and social externalities causes harmful goods and services to be over produced, whereas socially beneficial ones remain under-supplied (KEI, 2018). It is therefore critically important that efforts at an institutional level, led by the national government, are directed at measures to embed the social and environmental costs into the private function and business activities. For example, levies, carbon taxes and other taxes and regulatory incentives can be put in place. Sustainability awareness of consumers and businesses: research is needed to determine the extent to which Cambodian consumers have environmental awareness and knowledge of the impact of their consumer choices. Awareness raising and education are powerful tools to promote environmentally friendly business and consumer practices and products. Sustainability communication is needed between key actors including product producers, consumers, retailers, investors, regulators, by raising awareness, and understanding the social and environmental impacts of unsustainable consumption and production. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 15 Monitoring, reporting, evaluation, and learning: While Cambodia has set up a national monitoring and reporting framework for the C-SDGs, there are very few indicators to monitor progress on goals related to SCP. For example, under C-SDG 12, on ‘Responsible Consumption and Production’, there are indicators that focus on chemical pollution and waste management and recycling, whereas other important global targets (focused on sustainable business practices, food waste, sustainable tourism etc.) have not been locally adopted in Cambodia and are not being monitored. An expanded set of targets could be established for SCP monitoring in Cambodia, aligned with the monitoring framework proposed under Cambodia’s Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan (2021-2025). Monitoring and reporting are important for providing transparent information to the community, as well as in supporting evaluation and learning, enabling a better understanding of the effectiveness of SCP measures. 7. Priority Strategies and Actions The following priority strategies and actions will support Cambodia to achieve its vision and goals for sustainable consumption and production over the next fifteen years. These strategies and actions are organised to support the entire SCP system in Cambodia (see Figure 1). The roles and responsibilities, timeframes for their implementation, and NDC’s incorporation are outlined in the Action Matrix -Appendix 1. 7.1 Sustainable Production This pillar includes actions to support sustainable production of goods and services in Cambodia, which will reduce energy consumption, increase resource efficiency, generate less waste and minimize pollution. The strategy of sustainable production has the following strategic objectives: a) Increase productivity while minimising environmental footprint of the industrial sector b) Increase the ecological resilience of natural resources relied on for primary production c) Increase the environmental and social sustainability of the resource extraction sector d) Integrate sustainability principles into construction, tourism, services, and other business activities. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 16 Strategy Priority Actions 1. Sustainable industry A strategy for promoting the use of sustainable materials, energy efficiency, safe chemical use, water use efficiency and environmental pollution control in Cambodia’s industrial sector. a) Design new mandatory environment quality and effluent standards for factories in Cambodia to minimize the emission of pollutants into water, land, and air, and strengthen monitoring, regular reporting, and enforcement of these mandatory standards in factories. The new standards will update and/or replace existing laws and regulations on air emissions and atmospheric ambient air quality; water quality for ground water and surface water resources and maritime and estuary water resources; effluent, including wastewater; noise and vibration; and solid, liquid and hazardous waste. b) Establish resource efficiency assessment guidelines and auditing processes for certification of factories and incentives towards sustainability, including for energyi4 , garments and textiles, material and water use efficiency. c) Strengthen the institutional framework for regulating chemical management across industries through capacity building and training, strengthening data reporting mechanisms and collaboration between ministries. d) Scale-up the application of resource efficiency guidelines and the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies (TEST) methodology in industry through training and technical assistance. e) Implement the Cambodian Green Industry Award to promote inclusive and sustainable industrial development, incentivizing and rewarding the effort of companies adopting environmentally friendly approaches, especially for women-led businesses. f) Establish and enforce spatial land-use plans in all urban and peri-urban areas to direct industries away from flood prone areas, agriculture and residential areas. 4 This should include Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for industrial energy consuming equipment (boilers, motors etc) and standards for reuse/ remanufactured products. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 17 Strategy Priority Actions 2. Sustainable primary production (fishing, agriculture, forestry) A strategy for promotion of sustainable and responsible production processes for food, fibre, and natural resource systems in Cambodia. a) Establish policy framework for Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) that promotes enterprise development, value addition, tax incentives, product quality, production systems and investment and financing, delivering benefits to communities. b) Establish a traceability system and certification standards for aquaculture, fish and fish products, and other seafood products, to provide consumer information on the sustainability of fish products and other seafood products and finance community fisheries. c) Establish a program of incentives and strengthen law enforcement measures to support a sustainable seafood industry that will reduce and eliminate harmful marine fishing practices, including over-fishing and use of fishing trawlers at shallow depths, and prevent illegal fishing in Marine Protected Areas. d) Expand agricultural extension services and regulatory incentives for climate-smart agriculture, supporting climate-resilient crops and diversification, resilient agricultural infrastructure and enable importing of resilient seed varieties. e) Prevent the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, which reduce soil and water quality, through awareness raising, capacity development and regulation enforcement. In addition, promote organic agriculture and recognize local indigenous knowledge as an alternative practice. f) Reduce pollution from the livestock sector (for example from animal waste, antibiotics, and hormones) through awareness raising, capacity development and regulation enforcement. g) Develop incentives (levy or subsidies) and a certification system to promote sustainable forest products and forest management, including soft wood industry, charcoal, and firewood, to provide consumer information on the sustainability of forest products and help finance community-based natural resources management (e.g., community forestry and community protected areas). CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 18 Strategy Priority Actions 3. Sustainable natural resources extraction and production (minerals, oil, sand) A strategy for supporting Cambodia’s natural resources extraction sector to maintain environmental protections and contribute to community s ocio-economic development. a) Strengthen the sustainability of mining practices, including through exploration phases, and do not allow any licenses for mining exploration and extractive projects in protected areas (wildlife sanctuaries and protected forests). b) Implement all measures identified in Cambodia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2016) under “Theme 4: Sustainable Mining”. c) Establish a legal instrument on artisanal and small-scale mining to ensure safe, efficient, and environmentally sustainable practices. d) Encourage public-private partnerships that enable responsible mining practices, including jobs and education opportunities for local communities, including Indigenous peoples and women. 4. Sustainable building design (construction and housing) A strategy for promoting sustainable and green building design in Cambodia’s construction and housing sector, including energy efficiency, recyclable materials, water efficiency and cultural heritage protection. a) Design and pilot Guidelines and a Certification system for construction and retrofitting of Green Buildings in Cambodia. b) Propose options for institutional arrangements, such as establishing a Green Building Council, led by Government or a public-private partnership with support from NCSD and MLMUPC, and ensuring gender equity in the institutional set up. c) Update building technical regulations with minimum green, workplace safety, disaster-resilient, and climate-proof building requirements. d) Deliver gender inclusive capacity building and awareness raising amongst architecture and planning professionals and the community on green buildings and green construction materials. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 19 Strategy Priority Actions 5. Sustainable tourism and services A strategy for providing responsible and sustainable tourism and services opportunities in Cambodia, considering the protection of the environment and natural resources and community development. a) Prepare ecotourism destination planning, guidelines, standards and management. b) Set up funding mechanisms to strengthen eco-tourism, especially community-based eco-tourism. c) Deliver capacity building and knowledge sharing on eco- tourism. d) Establish a public-private partnership to deliver a Cambodian eco-tourism certification program, which is aligned to international eco-tourism certification programs. e) Expand eco-tourism projects with community benefit sharing and payments for ecosystem services, ensuring positive outcomes and benefits from eco-tourism to communities involved through inclusive planning and community development. 6. Sustainable business initiatives A strategy to promote sustainable business initiatives in Cambodia, such as Corporate Social Responsibility, life-cycle analysis, and eco-product design. a) Improve manufacturing processes and the design of products, including for handicrafts, to promote the use of sustainable materials and make products more easily recyclable and repairable. b) Undertake Life-Cycle Analysis to evaluate the environmental impact of products through its life cycle encompassing extraction and processing of the raw materials, manufacturing, distribution, use, recycling, and final disposal. c) Undertake Life-Cost Analysis to evaluate the cost-benefit (over the longer term) of using more efficient or recyclable and repairable equipment or products. d) Prepare a sector-based Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for each extractive industry (including oil, gas, minerals, metals etc.), which integrates considerations of gender equality. e) Support business incubation and entrepreneurship for businesses that promote sustainability in consumption and production, especially for businesses led by women and indigenous people, and including through supporting SMEs to join the World Fair Trade Organization. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 20 7.2 Sustainable Distribution This pillar includes actions to support the distribution of sustainable products and services, such as eco-labelling and product certification programs, sustainable packaging, and product transport and logistics. The strategy of sustainable distribution has the following strategic objectives: a) Increase consumer awareness and choice about the sustainability of products and services b) Build an enabling environment for sustainable packaging and sustainable product distribution c) Reduce the volume of pollutants, including greenhouse gas emissions from product distribution d) Increase alignment with trading partners, particularly ASEAN, on product sustainability. Strategy Priority Actions 1. Environmental labelling and product certification A strategy for design and implementation of voluntary schemes in Cambodia that promotes the eco-sustainability of products or services. a) Design criteria and standard of an eco-labelling program for export products manufactured in Cambodia (such as garments and textiles, softwood, footwear, food, and beverages), which is compatible with existing international frameworks and to provide assurance of the assessment and optimization of material ingredients. b) Design criteria and standard of an eco-labelling program for sustainable cookstoves, household appliances, electronics, and other domestic household items.5 c) Promote international eco-labelling programs for the tourism services and products in Cambodia (e.g., Green Globe Certification, ASEAN Green Hotel Award). d) Provide support to small- to medium-enterprises (SMEs) seeking to obtain certification through the eco-labelling program and promote the program amongst SMEs, especially to women-led SMEs. 2. Sustainable packaging A strategy for supporting the distribution of products through environmentally sustainable packaging. a) Develop EPR schemes and plastic production standards to increase the recyclability of plastic products, consistent with Cambodia’s Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan, Priority Action 1.5. b) Establish incentives (levy or subsidies) and regulations to control for the production, importing and sales to minimize the use of single-use plastic products. 5 Note for all electrical appliances and equipment, this eco-labelling program will be consistent with and support the energy efficiency standards and labelling program listed in Strategy 3.2 (Sustainable Energy Consumption). CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 21 Strategy Priority Actions c) Promote production of single-use plastic alternatives, consistent with Cambodia’s Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan, Priority Action 1.2. d) Develop and promote sustainable business models for minimising waste in the packaging of food and beverages. 3. Trade incentives A strategy for incentivizing distribution of sustainable products and services through import tariff exemptions and Special Economic Zones (SEZs). a) Establish import tariff exemptions for equipment and technology used for energy efficiency that meets the standard requirement. b) Establish import tariffs exemptions for equipment and technology used wastewater treatment and solid waste recycling that meets the standard requirement. c) Harmonize eco-labelling standards and certification schemes with international frameworks and trading partners (especially within ASEAN). d) Design incentives for Special Economic Zones to implement sustainable practices, including reducing waste and pollution output, and increasing resource efficiency (water and energy consumption). 4. Sustainable product transport and logistics A strategy to support environmentally sustainable, climate resilient and economically efficient distribution of goods and services. a) Establish vehicle emissions standards for pollutants (NOx, CO, SOx, and PM) and fuel quality standards. b) Strengthen import control of harmful chemicals, supporting the implementation of the Rotterdam Convention, using the list of chemical substance banned from international use under the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemical (ZDHC) Programme. c) Improve the road, rail and port facility infrastructure in Cambodia to enable efficient transportation of products and reduce emissions. d) Strengthen green and climate resilient infrastructure, especially road networks susceptible to flooding and landslide. e) Expand the use of smart technology to support traffic management and reduce traffic congestion. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 22 7.3 Sustainable Consumption This pillar includes actions to enable sustainable consumption, such as through promoting more sustainable consumer behaviour in waste management and recycling, energy consumption, water consumption and personal transport. The strategy of sustainable consumption has the following strategic objectives: a) Reduce the volume of solid waste going to landfill and the use of single-use products b) Reduce the consumption of energy across sectors, minimising greenhouse gas emissions and saving electricity costs c) Reduce water use and minimize water pollution, supporting the protection of water resources. d) Reduce pollution from the transport sector, including minimising greenhouse gas emissions e) Increase the livability and resilience of urban areas and lower their environmental footprint. Strategy Priority Actions 1. Waste prevention, recycling, and management A strategy for promoting waste reduction, reuse, organics composting, and recycling, consistent with Cambodia’s Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan, Strategic Objective 3 “Enhance Waste Collection and Recycling”. a) Enforce waste separation and effective collection for treatments of recyclable materials (e.g., plastic, paper, softwood, metals etc.) through effective partnerships between subnational authorities and waste service providers. b) Strengthen support to subnational (communes, municipalities, and district and provincial) authorities in implementation of the 4Rs policy (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle), including through knowledge sharing and networks between sub-national authorities. c) Improve organic waste management and organics recycling at source from households, businesses, marketplaces, and agriculture, through the introduction of incentives. d) Support improvements to the waste collection system through effective partnerships between subnational authorities and waste service providers. e) Support and promote the development of guidelines and any regulations to manage waste from hospital or related to COVID-19. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 23 Strategy Priority Actions 2. Sustainable energy consumption A strategy to promote efficient consumption of energy by households, businesses, and government agencies and sustainable energy production. a) Establish regulations to promote energy efficiency and sustainable energy development. b) Develop standards and a labelling program for energy efficient electrical appliances and equipment, including testing and certification procedures.6 c) Conduct energy efficiency audits across all government services and properties and establish energy management plans for each Ministry. d) Finalise the National Energy Efficiency Policy and implement its measures, including education and awareness raising on energy efficiency for the public, residential and commercial sectors. 3. Sustainable water consumption A strategy to enable sustainable financing of wastewater treatment infrastructure and improve water quality through pollution control and green infrastructure. a) Develop national regulations on wastewater tariff settings to support the sustainable financing of sanitation infrastructure. b) Promote public-private investment in decentralized wastewater treatment infrastructure, and safe wastewater recycling for landscape irrigation, in new urban developments and schools. c) Improve drainage and natural filtration in flood prone areas through green infrastructure that uses natural hydrological systems. d) Strengthen water treatment and water quality monitoring against national water quality standards, especially amongst small water enterprises. e) Promote the reduction of potable water demand by wastewater recycling, using local sources and utilizing rainwater. f) Implement all measures identified in Cambodia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2016) under “Theme 7: Sustainable Water Resources”. g) Strengthen monitoring, reporting and enforcement of water pollution control regulations, including effluent standards in both industrial and residential areas. 6 Note: the standards and labelling program for energy efficient electrical appliances and equipment will be designed to be consistent with the eco-labelling program listed in Strategy 2.1 (Environmental labelling and product certification). CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 24 Strategy Priority Actions 4. Sustainable personal transport A strategy for improving mobility, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution (buses, cycling, walking, electric vehicles). a) Enable pedestrian and bicycle mobility through sidewalks and cycling infrastructure, and enforcement of parking regulations. b) Provide fiscal and regulatory incentives (levies/ subsidies) and infrastructure to shift to low/no- emissions vehicles, including electric motorbikes and cars, and study options for phasing out old vehicles. c) Increase public and private investment in urban public transport improvement programs (railway, rapid bus transit, ferries). d) Promote multimodal mobility through car/motorbike sharing, public bike systems and other micro-mobility modes of transport. 5. Sustainable cities and neighbourhoods A strategy for the design of urban areas to support environmentally sustainable lifestyles and an improved quality of life for all residents. a) Promote concepts such as smart, sustainable, liveable, and resilient cities in Master Plans on Land Use and Plans on Land Use at Municipal, Provincial, District, Khan, and Commune levels.7 b) Support mixed land-use, qualified urban density, green/ blue infrastructure, and material recycling within neighborhoods. c) Enforce existing regulations that require the provision of green spaces and tree planting within built up (construction) areas.8 d) Promote participatory and inclusive planning processes for neighborhood, with full public consultation in the preparation of the Master Plans on Land Use and Plans on Land Use. 7 Master Plans on Land Use and detailed Plans on Land Use are required at Municipal, Provincial, District and Khan levels, and Commune levels, under sub-decree #42 on Urbanization of the Capital City, Towns, and Urban Areas (2015). 8 Sub-decree #42 includes provisions that at least 30% of the land in an urban area should be restricted from buildings as control areas (i.e., as agricultural zone, forest zone, water resource zone, protection zones), and that within the buildable areas, that at least 15% of the land where construction can take place should be dedicated to green surfaces and public spaces. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 25 7.4 Sustainable Investment This pillar includes actions to enable sustainable investment by the public and private sectors, including through the national budget, partnerships with development agencies, partnerships with the private sector, sustainable public procurement, incentives for responsible investment and innovating financing. The strategy of sustainable investment has the following strategic objectives: a) Increase investment funding available for SCP actions across the public and private sectors b) Build an enabling environment for sustainable business activities through banking and finance c) Build a market for sustainable products and services through sustainable public procurement d) Lower the financial barriers to sustainable models of business, particular for SMEs. Strategy Priority Actions 1. National funding for sustainable consumption and production A strategy to prioritise national public investment in SCP and catalyze additional funding. a) Establish the Cambodian Institution for Green Financing with support from the Green Climate Fund to support SCP projects. b) Mainstream the priorities of SCP into the national budget. c) Mobilize technical and financial support from development partners, including multilateral organisations and bilateral partners, to support the implementation of the SCP Roadmap. d) Mobilize technical and financial support from the private sector, including international investors and Chambers of Commerce, to support the implementation of the SCP Roadmap. 2. Incentives for socially responsible investment A strategy to incentivize socially and environmentally responsible investment in Cambodia. a) Expand sustainable financing programs for conservation (e.g., REDD+, payments for ecosystem services, community-based ecotourism, environmental certification, and trust funds for conservation outcomes). b) Design guidelines for socially responsible investment in Cambodia. c) Develop new programs that provide preferential loans and subsidies for SMEs to invest in clean technology and sustainable production practices, especially women-led SMEs. d) Promote the implementation of the Cambodian Sustainable Finance Principles by the banking sector in Cambodia. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 26 Strategy Priority Actions 3. Sustainable public procurement A strategy for Cambodia’s public sector institutions and agencies to procure environmentally sustainable products and services. a) Set up a sustainable / green procurement standard, under the National Council for Sustainable Development and Ministry of Economy and Finance. b) Design environmental criteria and performance requirements for priority products and services to be procured by the government, in alignment with action 2.1 (‘environmental labelling and product certification’). c) Integrate sustainable / green procurement standards into the public procurement system under the Ministry of Economy and Finance (including the amendment of public procurement law). d) Provide technical guidance to Ministries and agencies in implementing the sustainable / green procurement standards and implement monitoring and reporting on the standards. 4. Innovative financing for sustainable technology A strategy to expand innovative financing approaches that support technology improvements for sustainability. a) Expand financial leasing programs that support SMEs, especially women-led SMEs, to upgrade technology and equipment for sustainability. b) Establish a revolving fund to address SME access to finance and remove barriers for investments in energy efficiency and other technology improvements for sustainability. 7.5 Values for sustainability This pillar includes action on education for sustainability, monitoring of the SCP Roadmap, ensuring gender and socially inclusive implementation of the SCP Roadmap, and in research and communications. The strategy of promoting values for sustainability has the following strategic objectives: a) Increase the awareness and motivation for SCP, particularly from a young age through education b) Track and report on SCP performance improvements, and reward progress made by the public and private sectors c) Increase opportunities for women, poor and vulnerable communities to generate new income and receive benefits through SCP actions d) Advance knowledge on SCP in Cambodia to inform the design of policies and programs. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 27 Strategy Priority Actions 1. Education for sustainability A strategy for promoting sustainability in schools and workplaces and promoting responsible consumption practices. a) Expand the eco-schools’ programme to all schools in Cambodia, ensuring equitable participation by girls and boys.9 b) Promote sustainability leadership in businesses and workplaces through champions, certification, awards, and recognition, and promoting women’s leadership in sustainability. c) Expand vocational training opportunities in sustainability businesses (e.g., waste recycling, energy efficiency, green buildings), ensuring equitable participation by women and men. d) Strengthen training of industry units on monitoring, measuring, and reporting of resource use and environmental parameters for compliance monitoring and reporting. e) Encourage youth participation and leadership on SCP actions, especially among female youth, including through information and awareness raising. f) Strengthen human resources capacity across the public and private sectors to promote SCP, for example through professional development and vocational training and workshops, particularly on pollution control and waste management for SMEs and MSMEs. 2. Defining and measuring sustainability A strategy for measuring and reporting sustainability and tracking performance of sustainability measures. a) Expand the targets under C-SDG 12 to include a more comprehensive set of indicators related to SCP and address data gaps by ensuring the monitoring of C- SDGs is adequately funded. b) Design a Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting and Learning Plan, and a data collection system, which includes monitoring and reporting at sub-national levels of government on the implementation of the SCP Roadmap actions. Ensure the collection and analysis of sex-age disaggregated data in tracking the SCP actions and ensure periodic reporting of information to key decision-makers and the public. 9 National Eco-Schools Program is jointly implemented by MoE and MoEYS (since 2016) and aims to raise awareness to students and communities on environmental issues. It supported the National Guidelines on Eco-School in Cambodia (2016), and has criteria and awards aligned to the ASEAN Eco-Schools Guidelines and ASEAN Eco-School Awards CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 28 Strategy Priority Actions c) Establish a scientifically based monitoring program for monitoring the use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Cambodia to track the extent to which POPs are released into the environment. d) Encourage the private sector to monitor and publish the sustainability of their products and services through product life-cycle analysis and environmental product declarations. e) Meet twice annually with the SCP Technical Working Group of NCSD to track progress on implementation of SCP actions. 3. Gender and socially inclusive sustainability A strategy to ensure gender and social inclusion in the implementation of the SCP Roadmap. a) Ensure all SCP policy measures and programs are socially inclusive and gender responsive, including through undertaking gender analysis in the development of SCP initiatives and providing capacity building throughout the initiatives. b) Promote women’s leadership in businesses and workplaces that promote sustainability in production and consumption. c) Expand programs that support job creation opportunities in SCP, especially for the poor and vulnerable and ethnic groups. d) Integrate monitoring and reporting of gender and social inclusion metrics into the reporting of the SCP-12 at sub-national levels. e) Ensure strong coordination with the Ministry of Women’s Affairs along with gender focal points of other relevant ministries to ensure coherence in SCP actions and synergies with ongoing gender-related actions. f) Allocate adequate resources for mainstreaming gender equality and social inclusion. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 29 Strategy Priority Actions 4. Advancing knowledge and communications A strategy for increasing research, knowledge sharing and communications on sustainable consumption and production. a) Develop and implement a national communications strategy for promotion of SCP. b) Deliver public awareness raising campaigns on sustainable lifestyles (for example, on reducing consumption of energy and water and reducing plastic and food waste). c) Provide opportunities for knowledge sharing on SCP both within Cambodia (across sectors and provinces) and between Cambodia and other countries, particularly in Southeast Asia. d) Increase research and development (R&D) on the SCP system in Cambodia to inform policy/regulatory design through research partnerships between Cambodian universities and Cambodian government agencies. e) Strengthen science, technology, and innovation across the public and private sectors to support SCP implementation, consistent with Cambodia’s Science, Technology and Innovation Roadmap for 2030. 8. Institutional arrangements 8.1Overview of institutional arrangements for SCP in Cambodia Cambodia’s National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) has been designated to lead inter-governmental agencies to implement and mainstream SCP into relevant sectors and set Cambodia’s vision, goals, and objectives for SCP. NCSD was set up in 2015 and has been established as an inter-ministerial platform under the direction of the Minister for Environment to steer coordination across sectors and levels of government (Figure 4). For NCSD, the development of a national roadmap for SCP is a key policy priority. The NCSD established the SCP Technical Working Group (TWG) as the primary platform for reviewing policies and commenting on SCP, including the drafting of the SCP Roadmap. There are 24 representatives from 13 line-ministries and agencies joining SCP TWG led by NCSD. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 30 Figure 4. National Council for Sustainable Development and its Technical Working Groups (source: NCSD website). CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 31 8.2 Stakeholder Engagement and Coordination The NCSD and SCP TWG work as the RGC’s Secretariat to facilitate the SCP work with all relevant partners including line-ministries within the SCP TWG, development partners (DPs) and the private sector (see Figure 5). The SCP TWG provides a platform to engage the private sector on SCP, including with the Cambodian Chamber of Commerce, Special Economic Zones (SEZs), industry groups such as the Garment Manufacturing Association of Cambodia (GMAC), and other businesses, civil society organisations, and DP, especially those organisations representing women and marginalized groups. Under this SCP Roadmap, the SCP TWG will organise a forum with the private sector, civil society, and DPs at least once per year to discuss progress on the implementation of the SCP Roadmap. The Action Matrix (Appendix 1) provides further details of the roles and responsibilities of each relevant partners. Line- ministries MEF, MoE, MoP, MoT, MME, MISTI, MAFF, MoC, CDC, MLMUPC, MPWT, MoEYS, MoWA, MoH RGC NCSD DPs UNDP, UNIDO, GGGI, EU SCP TWG Civil Society Organisations GMAC, FASMEC, Local Indigenous and women Associations Private Sector SEZs, SMEs, Garment, ... Relevant Existing SCP regulations and CSDGs SCP Road map (Strategies and Actions) Sustainable Production Sustainable Distribution Sustainable Consumption Sustainable Investment Values for sustainability Figure 5. Stakeholder Mapping for SCP Roadmap implementation (source: authors) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 32 9. Budget and financial mechanisms Both domestic funding and external support are required for the implementation of the SCP Roadmap. The integration of funding for the SCP priority actions into Cambodia’s national budget will provide an important budget foundation for the implementation of the SCP Roadmap, including through the 3-year rolling public investment plans, sectoral development strategies, and investment programs. The RCG has already dedicated around 1% of the GDP in public expenditure to respond to climate change, based on the regular public expenditure review. This public investment to Cambodia’s climate change response will in-part support the implementation of SCP actions, where there is overlap between a priority SCP actions and climate change actions, such for energy efficiency and low-emissions transport. Moreover, in the new budget measures to support Cambodia’s recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, the RGC has the opportunity to ensure new measures to stimulate economic growth and promote SCP actions. As the responsible ministries and sub-national authorities design policies, regulations, and programs to implement the prioritized SCP actions in this Roadmap, it is likely that each ministry and sub-national authority will need to mobilize additional funding to support their implementation. Budgets are required for each phase of a priority SCP action, including project preparation, design and consultation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Detailed costing of each SCP action will need to be undertaken in the project preparation phase. Sources of finance include (a) national budget for sectoral development strategies and investment; (b) national funds dedicated to environmental and social improvements; (c) grant funding and concessional loans from development partners (multilateral and bilateral); (d) non-government organisations and not-for-profit initiatives; and (e) private investment (domestic and international resources). The analysis below highlights some of the key funding opportunities but is not exhaustive. An annual review of international financing and domestic budget support for implementation of the SCP Roadmap is required. 9.1 Domestic funding vehicles Cambodia has a range of financing vehicles that are dedicated to advancing sustainability, including responding to climate change, supporting environmental conservation, and social development, including in increasing access to business development and employment opportunities. While some of these funding vehicles are led by the RGC, such as the Social and Environment Fund, under Ministry of Environment, and others are commercially orientated, such as the SME Bank, each presents opportunities to increase access to funding, including grants, concessional loans, and blended finance, for sustainability initiatives that are aligned to the funding vehicles’ objectives and investment criteria. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 33 The Social and Environment Fund Sub-decree No. 238 established the Social and Environment Fund under MoE to support projects: (1) to protect the environment, forest conservation, biodiversity ecosystem, and sustainable lifestyle; (2) to restore environment and improve biodiversity and ecosystem; (3) to develop infrastructure and people livelihood; (4) to conduct scientific research on biodiversity and ecosystem, and environmental science; (5) to support environmental promotion; (6) to support protected area communities; (7) to support capacity building on the environment and natural resources; and (8) to promote protected area. This funding comes from fee of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or environmental contract with development projects, fee from environmental and ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation, and aid or donation from donors, development partners, national and international firms. Cambodian Institution for Green Financing Mekong Strategic Partners is leading the design of a Cambodian Institution for Green Financing, which aims to support the acceleration of Cambodia towards a greener economy and society, boosting its resilience to the impacts of climate change. This Institution is being established with support from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the RGC, and other international partners. It will be a private sector focused financial institution that has the capability to source and attract international climate finance into Cambodia, which will be lent onto local businesses and projects, which have strong climate outcomes. National Committee for Subnational Democratic Development (NCDD) NCDD is the inter-ministerial mechanism for promoting democratic development and de-concentration reforms in Cambodia. Its core mission is to coordinate Cambodia’s National Programme for Sub-National Democratic Development. NCDD’s Secretariat has been accredited to the GCF as a national entity to receive finance for the implementation of projects for climate change adaptation and mitigation. NCDD’s Secretariat engages with local government bodies in areas such as livelihood enhancement, infrastructure, and water security, which have the potential to enhance SCP. NCDD’s Secretariat therefore provides a funding vehicle to strengthen capacity of sub-national authorities with GCF funding. SME Bank Established in February 2020, the SME Bank is a state-owned commercial bank that provides finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Cambodia. The SME Bank has a goal of supporting the RGC’s aspiration in catering to the needs of Cambodian SME businesses. The SME Bank will provide better and affordable access to financing for SMEs in key priority sectors, including food manufacturing and processing, the manufacturing of local consumer goods, waste recycling, production of goods for the tourism sector and making finished products, spare parts or CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 34 assembling parts to supply other manufacturing, research and development associated with information and technology (IT), or the supply of IT-based services and enterprises located in SME cluster zones and enterprises developing a cluster zone. The SME Bank has a co-financing scheme which is jointly supported by the RGC and participating financial institutions (banks and micro-finance institutions). The co-financing scheme aims to facilitate SMEs to have access to affordable and adequate financing in an active and sustainable manner. The scheme prioritizes SMEs that invest in sustainable businesses, such as materials recovery processes. This SME Bank could open opportunities for SMEs to investment in business improvements for sustainability, such as technology upgrading, where access to finance could have been a barrier before. 9.2 International support Development partners are providing technical assistance through grants and trust funds, and concessional financing to support the implementation of priority SCP actions. NCSD is also supported by range of development partners. According to NCSD’s annual review in 2020, between 2016 to 2024, NCSD has mobilized $55,683,718 for 18 projects/programs (see Figure 6). These projects and programs aim to achieve sustainable development goals, climate change response, green growth, biodiversity conservation, green cities and promote SCP. NCSD and key line ministries will need to continue to mobilize support from development partners to sustain the implementation of the SCP Roadmap, especially in areas that are currently under-funded. Examples of existing project funding that support the SCP Roadmap are provided below and further examples are included in the Scoping Study for this SCP Roadmap. The proposed annual review of international financing and domestic budget support for implementation of the SCP Roadmap should track the financial support provided by development partners and the RGC including the line ministries. Figure 6. National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) funding mobilized with Development Partners in 2016 to 2024 (source: MoE Annual conference, 2020). CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 35 Guidelines and Certification for Green Buildings in Cambodia NCSD’s Secretariat is currently developing a green buildings certification system. This is supported by the project on design of Guidelines and Certification system for Green Buildings in Cambodia (2019-2021) implemented by NCSD and the Korean Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), under support of Mekong-ROK Cooperation Fund (MKCF). This project aims to: 1. Formulate guidelines (criteria), a certification scheme and operations scheme 2. Establish interim institutional arrangements for certification 3. Pilot the guidelines and certification process in residential and government office building 4. Improve awareness of industry, government and households on green building certification and design 5. Improve knowledge sharing and networking between Korea and Cambodia on green buildings. Green Public Procurement and Eco-labelling NCSD’s Secretariat and MEF are developing a project with GIZ on ‘National Green Public Procurement and Environmental Labels’. This project aims to set up a mechanism for green public procurement and develop procurement standards based on relevant international standards. It is proposed that the General Department of Procurement, Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) will take responsibility to oversee all green public procurement activities, including monitoring and validation. The project is also supporting the scoping of the design of environmental labels or eco-labels in Cambodia. Sustainable Garment Industries Under the SWITCH-Asia programme of the European Union (EU), the ‘Switch Garment’ project led by the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) in 2020 to 2024 will support sustainable garment industries in Cambodia. The project aims to: • promote the adoption of sustainable energy practices in garment manufacturing in Cambodia • support to regulatory and enforcement measures, • stimulate demand for sustainable energy technologies/services and increasing the supply of technologies/services, and • provide financial solutions for cleaner production. Under the SWITCH-Asia programme of the EU, the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) and the Cambodian Education and Waste Management Organization (COMPED) are developing a Policy Analysis to Enhance Sustainable Consumption and Production in the Garment Industry in Cambodia, to be completed late 2021. The project will support the implementation of Cambodia’s SCP Roadmap through providing policy analysis, technical support and capacity building on SCP and the Circular Economy in the garment sector for government and supply chain stakeholders. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 36 Sustainable Tourism In partnership with MoE and Ministry of Rural Development, the World Bank has set up the ‘Cambodia Sustainable Landscape and Ecotourism Project’ to be implemented over 2019-2025 (US$50.66 million). The project aims to improve protected areas’ management and promote ecotourism opportunities and non-timber forest product value chains in the Cardamom Mountains and Tonle Sap landscape. Sustainable Forestry The EU and United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) are working with Cambodia’s Forestry Administration (FA) on a timber tracking system to verify sustainable origins, known as the ‘Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade’ (FLEGT) Programme. The project is strengthening the regulatory framework for plantations as a source of legal timber and livelihoods for small-scale tree farmers, including through improving the use of data to identify options for future wood supply. Combatting Plastic Production The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is currently implementing the project of ‘Building an Enabling Environment for Sustainable Development’ which is supported by the Embassy of Sweden. This project includes a focus on combatting plastic pollution in Cambodia, including the production and promotion of viable plastic alternatives, national and sub-national capacity building, effective communication strategies, and improved education on environmental matters. Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology (TEST) in industry Under the project “Low-carbon development for productivity and climate change mitigation through the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology (TEST) methodology”, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is supporting the Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation and other stakeholders, with funding from the Global Environment Facility to implement resource efficiency and cleaner production practices in industry. The project has four components: 1. Policy framework strengthening and capacity building on resource efficiency 2. Promotion of incentive mechanism - the Green Industry Award 3. Training and technical assistance to scale up TEST methodology through demonstration projects in industry 4. Awareness raising and dissemination. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 37 Green Invest Asia The USAID funded ‘Green Invest Asia’ initiative connects investors with sustainable agriculture and forestry. In Cambodia the project seeks to support companies’ readiness to secure finance for the sustainable production of cashews, charcoal (made from coconut waste and recycled wood) and teak. Other projects The Scoping Study for this SCP Roadmap identified a range of other projects supported by development partners that are aligning to the objectives and priority actions of the SCP Roadmap. 9.3 Non-governmental organisations and not-for-profit initiatives Non-governmental organisations and not-for-profit initiatives are playing an important role in promoting sustainability in consumption and production, across a range of sectors including waste, water, energy, housing, and tourism. These initiatives should be promoted and encouraged by the RCG to accelerate the implementation of the SCP Roadmap. Community benefit sharing is critical to the success of these initiatives, for example in strengthening rural and eco-tourism, whereby local communities can be supported with income generation opportunities. A range of existing NGO-led projects that support the SCP Roadmap implementation have been identified in the Scoping Study for this SCP Roadmap. 10. Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning The planning period for the SCP Roadmap is a 14-year period (2022-2035) to largely coincide with other strategic plans of the national government. The SCP Roadmap will be reviewed by the SCP TWG every 5 years with three main timeframes: short-term (5 years), medium-term (10 years), and long-term (14 years) to evaluate progress, adjust and make course corrections, as required. A milestone and results framework with indicators, lead agencies and performance milestone with each timeframe (short, medium, and long term) for each strategy and actions will be used to monitor implementation of the SCP Roadmap (see Appendix 1). Monitoring and regular reporting need to be standardized to measure progress in achieving annual milestones or targets, and a data collection system needs to be designed through the establishment of a Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting and Learning Plan with baseline data for the SCP Roadmap within the first year of the SCP Roadmap. The monitoring system will include gender-age disaggregated data and measurement of gendered impacts. Results from monitoring and evaluation will be included in national reports and key recommendations for policy formulation, knowledge sharing, lesson learnt and further actions toward sustainable consumption and production. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 38 11. Conclusion Cambodia’s SCP Roadmap provides a 14-year plan to strengthen the sustainability of Cambodia’s consumption patterns and production systems through practical strategies and actions. Cambodia’s SCP Roadmap builds on a range of initiatives already underway in Cambodia by both the public and private sectors and prioritizes future actions that builds on this foundational work. The SCP Roadmap identifies short, medium, and long-term actions that the Cambodian government can take to enable SCP, alongside Cambodian and international businesses, and civil society organisations, and support by development partners. Cambodia’s SCP Roadmap comprehensively considers SCP strategies for all sectors, including the industrial sector, building construction, tourism and services, energy consumption, water, solid waste, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, protected areas, transport and logistics, mining, and education. Cambodia’s SCP Roadmap is an important communications tool that will be used to promote the efforts of the RGC and the community on SCP. It will be used to mobilize new partnerships and financial resources for specific strategies and actions identified in the SCP Roadmap. This SCP Roadmap will also be used to track progress on the achievement of its specific strategies and actions and raise awareness both within the RGC at national and sub-national levels and amongst the population. Implementation of the SCP Roadmap requires multi-stakeholder collaboration, including between the RGC’s line ministries, the private sector and with development partners. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 39 Appendix 1. Action Matrix 1. Sustainable Production Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 1.1 Sustainable industry a) Design new mandatory environment quality and effluent standards for factories in Cambodia to minimize the emission of pollutants into water, land, and air, and strengthen monitoring, regular reporting and enforcement of these mandatory standards in factories. The new standards will update and/ or replace existing laws and regulations on air emissions and atmospheric ambient air quality; water quality for ground water and surface water resources and maritime and estuary water resources; effluent, including wastewater; noise and vibration; and solid, liquid, and hazardous waste. • Design new mandatory environmental quality and effluent standards by 2025. • Monitoring of standards increased to 50% of factories by 2030. • Monitoring of standards increased to 100% of factories by 2035. X X X MISTI MoE (EPA) NCSD GMAC Factories NDC mitigation action #11, #25, #46, #49 C-SDG #6 (target 6.3), #12 (targets 12.4, 12.5) b) Strengthen the institutional framework for regulating chemical management across industries through capacity building and training, strengthening data reporting mechanisms, and collaboration between ministries. • Establish a data management and reporting system for certification of chemicals used in industry, under Prakas 148 on “Procedures and Issuance of Certification of Items and Quantities of Chemical Substance Use”, by 2022. • Identify data gaps and strengthen data reporting capacities by businesses on chemical use and management in industry by 2025. X X MISTI MoE GMAC Factories NDC mitigation action #49 C-SDG #12 (target 12.4), #6 (target 6.3) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 40 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment c) Establish resource efficiency assessment guidelines and auditing processes for certification of factories and incentives towards sustainability, including for energy, garments and textiles, material and water use efficiency. • Design new guidelines and auditing processes for certification, aligned to existing auditing processes, by 2023. • Pilot the guidelines and auditing processes for certification by 2025. • Implement the guidelines and auditing processes across the manufacturing sectors by 2030. X X X MISTI MME MoE NCSD GMAC Factories NDC mitigation action #24, #25 C-SDG #7 (target 7.3), #6 (target 6.4) d) Scale up the application of resource efficiency guidelines and the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies (TEST) methodology in industry through training and technical assistance. • Provide training and technical assistance on resource efficiency and the TEST methodology for at least 38 factories by 2022. • Review and update the training program and provide ongoing support to factories by 2024. X X MISTI MoE UNIDO Factories Global Environment Facility (GEF) NDC mitigation action #24, #25 C-SDG #7 (target 7.3), #6 (target 6.4), #8 (target 8.2) e) Implement the Cambodian Green Industry Award to promote inclusive and sustainable industrial development, incentivizing and rewarding the effort of companies adopting environmentally friendly approaches, especially for women-led businesses. • Initiate call for applicants for the Cambodia Green Industry Award and conduct selection process for the awards, ensuring that at least half of the awards are given to women-led businesses, and publicize the results by 2022. X MISTI MoE UNIDO Manufacturing companies Industry supporting services Green start-ups C-SDG #7 (target 7.3), #6 (target 6.4), #5 (target 5.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 41 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment f) Establish and enforce spatial land-use plans in all urban and peri-urban areas to direct industries away from flood prone areas, agriculture, and residential areas. • Spatial land-use plans established in 6 cities by 2025. • Spatial land-use plans established in 12 cities by 2030. • Spatial land-use plans established in all cities by 2035. X X X MLMUP Munici- palities and Capital NCSD Urban planners NDC mitigation action #1, #48 1.2 Sustainable primary production (fishing, agriculture, forestry a) Establish policy framework for NTFPs that promotes enterprise development, value addition, tax incentives, product quality, production systems and investment, financing, and jobs, delivering benefits to communities. • Policy framework options analysis for NTFPs completed by 2023. • Policy framework for NTFPs established by 2025. • New tax incentives, regulations and/ or sector budget support for NTFPs is established by 2027. X X X FA MAFF MoE (GDACP and GDLC) MEF CDC MISTI NTFP- Cambodia WWF NTFP- Exchange Programme Cambodia Banks NDC mitigation action #39 C-SDG #2 (target 2.3), #15 (target 15.2) b) Establish a traceability system and certification standards for aquaculture, fish and fish products, and other seafood products, to provide consumer information on the sustainability of fish products and other seafood products and finance community fisheries. • Options analysis for traceability system and certification standards completed by 2023. • Traceability system and certification standards for aquaculture, fish, and fish products, established by 2025. X X Fisheries Adminis- tration MISTI MoE (GDACP and GDLC) FAO WWF World Fish Center GIZ Fisheries associations NDC adaptation action #14, #15 CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 42 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment c) Establish a program of incentives and strengthened law enforcement measures to support a sustainable seafood industry that will reduce and eliminate harmful marine fishing practices, including over-fishing and use of fishing trawlers at shallow depths, and prevent illegal fishing in Marine Protected Areas. • Design and pilot program incentives and strengthened law enforcement measures to support a sustainable seafood industry, including through strengthening community fisheries by 2025. • Scale-up incentives and law enforcement areas to all marine fisheries locations by 2030. X X Fisheries Adminis- tration MISTI MoE (GDACP and GDLC) UNIDO NGOs Fisheries associations NDC adaptation action #15, #18, #19 C-SDG #14 (target 14.2), #2 (target 2.4) d) Expand agricultural extension services and regulatory incentives for climate-smart agriculture, supporting climate-resilient crops and diversification, resilient agricultural infrastructure and enable importing of resilient seed varieties. • Agricultural extension services and regulator incentives for climate-smart agriculture expanded to 30% of agricultural areas by 2025. • Agricultural extension services and regulator incentives for climate-smart agriculture expanded to 60% of agricultural areas by 2030. • Agricultural extension services and regulator incentives for climate-smart agriculture expanded to 100% of agricultural areas by 2035. X X X MAFF MRD (GDACP and GDLC) FAO Cambodian Partnership for Sustainable Agriculture (CPSA) Cambodian Farmer Association Federation of Agricultural Producers USAID NDC mitigation action #34, and adaptation action #2, #5, #7, #8, #16, #17 C-SDG #2 (target 2.4), #13 (target 13.1) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 43 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment e) Prevent the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, which reduce soil and water quality, through awareness raising, capacity development and regulation enforcement. In addition, promote organic agriculture and recognize local indigenous knowledge as an alternative practice. • Design and roll out a capacity building and awareness raising program for farmers on preventing the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by 2023. • Establish a long-term monitoring program to track and report on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture by 2025. X X MAFF Cambodian Farmer Association Federation of Agricultural Producers Universities FAO NDC mitigation action #34, #35 C-SDG #2 (target 2.4), #6 (target 6.3), #12 (target 12.4) f) Reduce pollution from the livestock sector (for example from animal waste, antibiotics, and hormones) through awareness raising, capacity development and regulation enforcement. • Design and roll out a capacity building and awareness raising program for farmers on sustainable livestock and animal production to reduce pollution by 2024. • Establish a long-term monitoring program to track and report on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture by 2026. X X MAFF Cambodian Farmer Association Federation of Agricultural Producers Universities FAO NDC mitigation action #37 C-SDG #2 (target 2.4) g) Develop incentives (levy or subsidies) and a certification system to promote sustainable forest products and forest management, including soft wood industry, charcoal and firewood, to provide consumer information on the sustainability of forest products and help finance community-based natural resources management (e.g., community forestry and community protected areas). • New incentives and a certification system for sustainable forest products and forest management designed by 2023. • Incentives and certification system for sustainable forest products and forest management established by 2025. X X FA MAFF NCSD EU & FAO USAID Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) UNDP NDC mitigation action #39 C-SDG #15 (target 15.2) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 44 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 1.3 Sustainable natural resources extraction and production (minerals, oil, sand) a) Strengthen the sustainability of mining practices, including through exploration phases, and do not allow any licenses for mining exploration and extractive projects in protected areas (wildlife sanctuaries and protected forests). • Design capacity building programs to increase enforcement of regulations that exclude mining and extractive projects from protected areas by 2022. • Implement capacity building programs to increase enforcement of regulations that exclude mining and extractive projects from protected areas by 2024. X X MME MoE MAFF NCSD Mining companies C-SDG #15 (target 15.5) b) Implement all measures identified in Cambodia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2016) under “Theme 4: Sustainable Mining”. • Assess the extent to which existing mining projects have integrated biodiversity protection considerations in mining activities, as required by 2023. • Strengthen through capacity building the adherence of the mining sector to the Voluntary Guidelines on Biodiversity-Inclusive Assessment CBD Decision VIII/28 also adopted by the Ramsar Convention) and (ii) the Akwé: Kon Voluntary guidelines for the conduct of cultural, environmental and social impact assessments regarding developments proposed to take place on, or which are likely to impact X X MME MoE MAFF NCSD Mining companies C-SDG #15 (target 15.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 45 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment on, sacred sites and on lands and waters traditionally occupied or used by indigenous and local communities (Annex to CBD decision VI/7 A) by 2025. c) Establish a legal instrument on artisanal and small-scale mining to ensure safe, efficient, and environmentally sustainable practices. • Complete legal analysis for design of a legal instrument by 2024. • Design legal instrument on artisanal and small-scale mining by 2027. X X MME NCSD Small-scale mining operations d) Encourage public-private partnerships that enable responsible mining practices, including jobs and education opportunities for local communities, including Indigenous peoples and women. • Establish an online public register of public-private partnerships that enable responsible mining practices by 2022. X MME CDC MAFF Mining companies 1.4 Sustainable building design (construction and housing) a) Design and pilot Guidelines and a Certification system for construction and retrofitting of Green Buildings in Cambodia. • Design Guidelines and a Certification System for Green Buildings by 2021, including criteria that is differentiated for buildings, districts/ neighbourhoods, and interiors, and for different uses. • Pilot Guidelines and Certification System for Green Buildings by 2022. X X NCSD MLMUPC Academia (ITC, RUFA, and other private universities delivering architec- ture) KICT & MKCF, DGNB GGGI EuroCham NDC mitigation action #14, #26, and adaptation action #44, #46, #53 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #7 (target 7.3) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 46 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment b) Propose options for institutional arrangements, such as establishing a Green Building Council, led by Government or a public-private partnership with support from NCSD and MLMUPC, and ensuring gender equity in the institutional set up. • Institutional arrangements for implementing the Green Building Guidelines and Certification System proposed in 2021. • Institutional arrangements for implementing the Green Building Guidelines and Certification System established by 2022. X X NCSD/ MoE MLMUPC Board of Architect Board of Engineer- ing Universi- ties KICT & MKCF NDC mitigation action #14, #26, and adaptation action #44, #46, #53 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #7 (target 7.3) c) Update building technical regulations with minimum green, workplace safety, disaster-resilient, and climate-proof building requirements. • Building technical regulations updated with minimum green building requirements by 2025, which include (among others) energy and water efficiency, use of materials, indoor environmental quality, workplace safety and mobility. X NCSD MLMUPC Other govern- ment ministries and agencies Board of Architect Board of Engineer- ing KICT & MKCF NDC mitigation action #14, #26, and adaptation action #44, #46, #53 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #7 (target 7.3) d) Deliver gender inclusive capacity building and awareness raising and partnership amongst architecture and planning professionals and the community on green buildings and green construction materials. • Capacity building programs delivered for architecture and planning professionals by 2026, with at least 50% women participants. • Awareness raising on green buildings for the community delivered by 2027. X X NCSD/ MoE MLMUPC Construc- tion associ- ation, Board of Architect., Board of Engineer- ing KICT & MKCF C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #7 (target 7.3), #5 (target 5.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 47 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 1.5 Sustainable tourism and services a) Prepare ecotourism destination planning, guidelines, standards, and management. • Ecotourism destination planning, guidelines, standards, and management completed on a region-by-region basis, by 2030. X MoT MoE NCSD MRD World Bank Cambodia Tourism Federation Cambodia Association of Travel Agents NDC mitigation action #41, #44, #45 C-SDG #8 (target 8.9) b) Set up funding mechanisms to strengthen eco-tourism, especially community-based eco-tourism. • Review funding mechanism options for eco-tourism by 2024. • Funding mechanism established to strengthen eco-tourism by the RCG by 2026. X X MoT MoE MEF NCSD World Bank Cambodia Tourism Federation Cambodia Association of Travel Agents NDC mitigation action #41, #44, #45 C-SDG #8 (target 8.9) c) Deliver capacity building and knowledge sharing on eco-tourism. • Deliver capacity building and knowledge sharing on eco-tourism opportunities, guidelines, and standards, on a region-by-region basis for the public and private sectors, by 2035. X MoT MoE Provincial and city authorities Cambodia Tourism Federation Cambodia Association of Travel Agents NDC mitigation action #41, #44, #45 C-SDG #8 (target 8.9) d) Establish a public-private partnership to deliver a Cambodian eco-tourism certification program, which is aligned to international eco-tourism certification programs. • Review options to establish a Cambodian eco-tourism certification program by 2024. • Certification program established through a public-private partnership by 2026. X X MoT NCSD World Bank Cambodia Tourism Federation Cambodia Association of Travel Agents Cambodia Hotel Associ- ation NDC mitigation action #41, #44, #45 C-SDG #8 (target 8.9) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 48 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment e) Expand eco-tourism projects with community benefit sharing and payments for ecosystem services, ensuring positive outcomes and benefits from eco-tourism to communities involved through inclusive planning and community development. • Develop a benefit sharing mechanism for ecotourism (either a new mechanism or existing one to ensure transparency) by 2022. • Establish an online public register of eco-tourism projects in Cambodia by 2022. • Establish a capacity development program to identify and support new eco-tourism projects by 2024. • Provide incentives for the private sector to invest in eco-tourism (e.g., tax incentives) by 2025. • Expand the number of eco-tourism projects by 20% by 2026. • Expand the number of eco-tourism projects by 40% by 2030 X X X X MoT NCSD MEF Cambodia Association of Travel Agents Cambodia Tourism Federation Camcon- scious Ecotourism Cambodia NDC mitigation action #41, #44, #45 C-SDG #8 (target 8.9) 1.6 Sustainable business initiatives a) Improve manufacturing processes and the design of products to promote the use of sustainable materials and make products more easily recyclable and repairable. • At least 50% of companies designing and/or manufacturing products in Cambodia identify manufacturing improvements to enable recycling and repair by 2026. X MISTI NCSD MoLVT MoEYS (ITC) MoWA GMAC Cambodian Chamber of Commerce C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #12 (target 12.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 49 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment • At least 80% of companies designing and/or manufacturing products in Cambodia identify manufacturing improvements to enable recycling and repair by 2030. • All companies designing and/or manufacturing products in Cambodia identify manufacturing improvements to enable recycling and repair by 2035. X X b) Undertake Life-Cycle Analysis to evaluate the environmental impact of products through its life cycle encompassing extraction and processing of the raw materials, manufacturing, distribution, use, recycling, and final disposal. • Pilot life-cycle analysis with 8 companies by 2025. • At least 14 companies undertake life-cycle analysis by 2028. • At least 20 companies undertake lifecycle analysis by 2032. X X X MISTI NCSD GMAC Cambodian Chamber of Commerce C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #12 (target 12.5) c) Undertake Life-Cost Analysis to evaluate the cost-benefit (over the longer term) of using more efficient or recyclable and repairable equipment or products. • Pilot life-cost analysis with 8 companies by 2025. • At least 14 companies undertake life-cost analysis by 2028. • At least 20 companies undertake life-cost analysis by 2032. X X X MISTI NCSD GMAC Cambodian Chamber of Commerce C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #12 (target 12.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 50 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment d) Prepare a sector-based Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for each extractive industry (including oil, gas, minerals, metals etc.), which integrates considerations of gender equality. • Complete pilot SEA for 1 extractive industry by 2024. • Complete SEA for 3 extractive industries by 2028. • Complete SEA for most extractive industries by 2035. X X X MME NCSD Companies with a mining license in Cambodia e) Support business incubation and entrepreneurship for businesses that promote sustainability in consumption and production, especially for businesses led by women and Indigenous people and including through supporting SMEs to join the World Fair Trade Organization. • Design and establish SCP focused business incubation program, especially targeting women-led businesses by 2024. • Provide business incubation support to at least 20 businesses across sectors for SCP by 2028. • Provide business incubation support to at least 40 businesses across sectors for SCP by 2032. X X X MISTI NCSD Federation of Associations for Small and Medium Enterprises of Cambodia (FASMEC) C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #12 (target 12.5), #5 (target 5.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 51 2. Sustainable Distribution Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 2.1 Environmental labelling and product certification a) Design criteria and standards of an eco-labelling program for export products manufactured in Cambodia (such as garments and textiles, footwear, food, and beverages), which is compatible with existing international frameworks and to provide assurance of the assessment and optimization of material ingredients. • Set up institutional arrangements for eco-labelling program in 2021. • Prioritise products for ecolabelling program, starting with simplest products to be piloted, in 2022. • Eco-labelling program for export products is piloted by 2024. • Eco-labelling program for export products is fully designed for implementation by 2026. X X X X NCSD Institute of Standards of Cambodia (ISC) MISTI MoC MoE GMAC FASMEC Cambodia Chamber of Commerce (CCC) NDC mitigation action #11, #24 C-SDG #8 (target 8.2), #9 (target 9.5), #12 (target 12.4) b) Design criteria and standards of an eco-labelling program for sustainable cookstoves, household appliances, electronics, and other domestic household items. • Eco-labelling program for cookstoves and other household appliances is designed in 2023. • Eco-labelling program for cookstoves and other household appliances is piloted in 2024. • Eco-labelling program for cookstoves and other household appliances is fully designed for implementation by 2026. X X X NCSD Institute of Standards of Cambodia MISTI MoC Electrical appliance companies (manu- facturers, distributors, retailers) NDC mitigation action #12, #16, #19 #24 C-SDG #8 (target 8.2), #9 (target 9.5), #12 (target 12.4) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 52 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment c) Promote international eco-labelling programs for the tourism and services sectors in Cambodia (e.g., Green Globe Certification, ASEAN Green Hotel Award). • Implement national certification and awards programs for sustainable tourism, including for green hotels, aligned to international standards by 2021. • Government website and communications materials highlight international eco-labelling programs for tourism and service sectors in Cambodia by 2023. X X MoT (including Municipal and provincial Depart- ments of Tourism) Cambodia Association of Travel Agents Cambodia Tourism Federation Cambodia Hotel Association C-SDG #8 (target 8.9) d) Provide support to SMEs seeking to obtain certification through the eco-labelling program and promote the program amongst SMEs, especially for women-led SMEs. • Pilot a support program for SMEs to obtain certification by 2027. • Scale-up the support program for SME certification to support at least 30 SMEs by 2030. • Further scale up the support program for SME certification to support at least 100 SMEs by 2035. X X X MISTI MoC NCSD FASMEC SME Bank C-SDG #8 (target 8.2), #9 (target 9.5), #12 (target 12.4) 2.2 Sustainable packaging a) Develop Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes and plastic production standards to increase the recyclability of plastic products, consistent with Cambodia’s Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan, PA 1.5. • Study options for Extended Producer Responsibility schemes in Cambodia by 2023. • Design and pilot Extended Producer Responsibility schemes in Cambodia with capacity building support by 2027. X X MoE NCSD Food and beverage companies (manufactur- ing) NDC mitigation action #11 C-SDG #12 (target 12.5), #11 (target 11.6) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 53 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment • Enact regulations to implement appropriate measures for Extended Producer Responsibility Schemes, supported by capacity building by 2033. • Develop plastic production standards supported by capacity building to enable community and business uptake by 2025. • Implement plastic production standards supported by capacity building by 2030. X X b) Establish incentives (levy or subsidies) and regulations to control for the production, importing and sales to minimize the use of single-use plastic products. • Options analysis for incentives and regulations to control single-use plastics completed by 2022. • Feasibility study for preferred incentives and regulations for control of single-use plastic completed in 2023. • Implementation of selected incentives and regulations to control single use plastics by 2024. X X X MoE NCSD Food and beverage companies (manufactur- ing) Retailers and hospitality services C-SDG #12 (target 12.5), #11 (target 11.6) c) Promote production of single-use plastic (SUP) alternatives. consistent with Cambodia’s Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan, PA1.2. • Prepare market analysis to define major SUPs and sustainable alternatives and engage the private sector manufacturers in promoting production of SUP alternatives, by 2023. X MoE NCSD Food and beverage companies (manufactur- ing) Retailers and hospitality services C-SDG #12 (target 12.5), #11 (target 11.6) 11.6) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 54 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment • Draft and enact regulations on SUP items by 2024. • Implement promotion and awareness raising campaign of single-use plastic alternatives by 2025. d) Develop and promote sustainable business models for minimising waste in the packaging of food and beverages. • Study options for reducing the volume of waste generated through packaging of food and beverages by 2022. • Pilot new business models and practices that minimize waste in food and beverage packaging by 2024. • Scale-up successful new business models that minimize waste in food and beverage packaging through regulations and/or incentives by 2026. X X X EPA, MoE NCSD Private sector partners – food and beverage companies C-SDG #12 (target 12.5), #11 (target 11.6) 2.3 Trade incentives a) Establish import tariff exemptions for equipment and technology used for energy efficiency that meets the standard requirement. • Study options for import tariff exemptions by 2023. • Present budget case for import tariff exemptions by 2025. • Update laws and regulations to implement import tariff exemptions by 2027. X X X MEF CDC General Depart- ment of Customs and Excise NCSD MoE MPWT MISTI MoC Cambodia Logistics Association GMAC Automotive Association C-SDG #7 (target 7.3) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 55 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment b) Establish import tariffs exemptions for equipment and technology used wastewater treatment and solid waste recycling that meets the standard requirement. • Study options for import tariff exemptions by 2023. • Present budget case for import tariff exemptions by 2025. • Update laws and regulations to implement import tariff exemptions by 2027. X X X C-SDG #6 (target 6.3), #12 (target 12.5) c) Harmonize eco-labelling standards and certification schemes with international frameworks and trading partners (especially within ASEAN). • Review eco-labelling standards and certification schemes in Cambodia and compare to the standards and certification schemes within ASEAN by 2025. • Update eco-labelling standards and certification schemes in Cambodia to harmonize with trading partners by 2027. X X NCSD ASEAN Secretariat d) Design incentives for Special Economic Zones (SEZ) to implement sustainable practices, including reducing waste and pollution output, and increasing resource efficiency (water and energy consumption). • Design incentives for SEZs by 2025. • Incentives for SEZs piloted in at least one SEZ by 2027. • Incentives scaled up to at least 5 SEZs by 2032. X X X MISTI CDC NCSD SEZs C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #9 (target 9.2) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 56 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 2.4 Sustainable product transport and logistics a) Establish vehicle emissions standards for pollutants (NOx, CO, SOx, and PM) and fuel quality standards. • Feasibility study for introduction of vehicle emissions standards for pollutants and fuel quality standards completed by 2023. • Design policy for introduction of vehicle emissions standards and fuel quality standards by 2025. • Enact regulations for new vehicle emission standards and fuel quality standards by 2027. X X X MoE MPWT NCSD General Depart- ment of Customs MME MEF Automobile Association of Cambodia Fuel compa- nies NDC mitigation action #30 b) Strengthen import control of harmful chemicals, supporting the implementation of the Rotterdam Convention, using the list of chemical substance banned from international use under the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemical (ZDHC) Programme. • Establish regulations to restrict the import of chemicals to Cambodia that are listed on the ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substances List, by 2024. • Enforce regulations restricting the import of chemicals on the ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substances List from enactment. X X MoE MISTI UNEP UNIDO GMAC C-SDG #11 (target 11.6) C-SDG #12 (target 12.4) c) Improve the road, rail, and port facility infrastructure in Cambodia to enable efficient transportation of products and reduce emissions. • Transport network upgrading and rehabilitation in line with the Intermodal Transport Master Plan (2021-2030) by 2035. X MPWT MRD Bilateral donors ADB, WB UNIDO NDC mitigation action #29, #33, and adaptation action #58 C-SDG #9 (target 9.1) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 57 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment d) Set up the Public Works and Transport Institution, supported by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, to train professional engineers for infrastructure (e.g., bridge, roads, and sewerage system) • Train 200 engineering students by 2026. X MPWT C-SDG #9 (target 9.1) e) Strengthen green and climate resilient infrastructure especially road networks susceptible to flooding and landslides. • Design and implement capacity development program for sub-national authorities (especially MPWT) on green infrastructure by 2025. • Ensure all transport construction and rehabilitation projects consider green infrastructure options in their design by 2030. X X MPWT NCSD MRD MLMUPC Bilateral donors ADB, WB NDC mitigation action #32, #48, and adaptation action #56 C-SDG #9 (target 9.1) f) Expand the use of smart technology to support traffic management and logistics flow. • Pilot the use of smart technology (software and applications) for improving traffic management and logistics in at least 1 city by 2024. • Scale up the use of smart technology for traffic management to at least 3 cities by 2030. • Replicate the smart city traffic management systems to at least 6 cities by 2035. X X X MPWT Municipal- ities and district authorities ASEAN Smart City initiative NDC mitigation action #29 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 58 3. Sustainable Consumption Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 3.1 Waste prevention, recycling, and management a) Enforce waste separation and effective collection for treatments of recyclable materials (e.g., plastic, paper, metals etc.) through effective partnerships between subnational authorities and waste service providers. • 6 municipalities introduce waste separation and effective collection to support recycling by 2025. • 12 municipalities introduce waste separation and effective collection to support recycling by 2028. • 18 municipalities introduce waste separation and effective collection to support recycling by 2030. • All municipalities introduce waste separation and effective collection to support recycling by 2035. X X X X MoE (EPA-Solid Waste Manage- ment Depart- ment) NCDD, MoI NCSD Municipal- ities and district authorities Waste collection service companies (e.g., Centri) NDC mitigation action #6, #8, #10 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #12 (target 12.5) b) Strengthen support to subnational (communes, municipalities, and district and provincial) authorities in implementation of the four Rs policy (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle), including through knowledge sharing and networks between sub-national authorities. • Implement capacity development program for sub-national authorities (especially MoE) on four Rs, which includes establishing a network for knowledge sharing between sub-national authorities, by 2023. X MoE NCDD MoI NCSD Waste collection service companies NDC mitigation action #6, #8 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #12 (target 12.5) c) Improve organic waste management and organics recycling at source from households, commercial enterprises, and agriculture. • Study the compost market and barriers to improving organic waste management and organics recycling in Cambodia by 2024. X MoE NCSD MoI NCDD Waste collection service companies and NGOs NDC mitigation action #6 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #12 (target 12.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 59 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment • Develop a business model with target sectors for piloting of organics recycling by 2030. • Establish a composting facility for organic waste in each of Cambodia’s cities by 2035. X X d) Support improvements of waste collection system through effective partnerships between subnational authorities and waste service providers. • Monitor and evaluate the current waste collection system by 2022. • Identify opportunities to strengthen public-private partnerships for the waste collection system by 2023. • Collect citizen feedback on the waste collection system and identify issues of concern by 2025. X X X MoE NCSD MoI NCDD Waste collection service companies and NGOs NDC mitigation action #8 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #12 (target 12.5) e) Support and promote the development of guidelines and any regulations to manage waste from hospitals or related to COVID-19. • Finalize and implement the draft guidelines and any regulations for management of waste from hospitals or related to COVID-19 by 2022. X MoE MoH Hospitals NGOs C-SDG #11 (target 11.6), #12 (target 12.5) 3.2 Sustainable energy consumption a) Establish regulations to promote energy efficiency and sustainable energy development. • Establish energy efficiency regulations by 2024 to support the implementation of Cambodia’s Energy Efficiency Policy. X MME NCSD UNDP NDC mitigation action #18, #26, #27 C-SDG #7 (targets 7.2, 7.3) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 60 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment • Establish regulations to promote renewable energy development in Cambodia by 2026. X b) Develop standards and a labelling system for energy efficient electrical appliances and equipment, including testing and certification procedures. • Enact a new regulation (sub-decree) for implementation of a standards and labelling system for energy efficient electrical appliances and equipment by 2021. • Roll out a standards and labelling system for energy efficient electrical appliances and equipment by 2023. X X MME NDC mitigation action #12, #24 C-SDG #7 (target 7.3) c) Conduct energy efficiency audits across all government services and properties and establish energy management plans for each Ministry. • Complete energy efficiency audits and establish energy management plans for 5 Ministries by 2025. • Complete energy efficiency audits and establish energy management plans for 10 Ministries by 2030. • Complete energy efficiency audits and establish energy management plans for all Ministries by 2035. X X X MME Professional auditors NDC mitigation action #23 C-SDG #7 (target 7.3) d) Finalise the National Energy Efficiency Policy and implement its measures, including education and awareness raising on energy efficiency for the public, residential and commercial sectors. • Finalise the National Energy Efficiency Policy by 2021. • Implement the measures in the National Energy Efficiency Policy by 2030. X X MME NDC mitigation action #26 C-SDG #7 (target 7.3 CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 61 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 3.3 Sustainable water consumption a) Develop national regulations on wastewater tariff settings to support the sustainable financing of sanitation infrastructure. • Establish National regulations on wastewater tariff setting by 2023. X MPWT MEF Water supply authority (MISTI) MoE NCSD DFAT Private water supply companies C-SDG #6 (target 6.3) b) Promote public-private investment in decentralized wastewater treatment infrastructure, and safe wastewater recycling for landscape irrigation, in new urban developments and schools. • Establish a public information and awareness raising campaign on decentralized wastewater treatment infrastructure by 2022. X MoE MPWT NCSD MoEYS MLMUPC BORDA NGOs C-SDG #6 (targets 6.3, 6.a) c) Improve drainage and natural filtration in flood prone areas through green infrastructure that uses natural hydrological systems. • Establish plans at the provincial scale for improving drainage and natural filtration in flood prone areas through green infrastructure, for the top 3 at risk areas by 2025. • Establish plans at the provincial scale for improving drainage and natural filtration in flood prone areas through green infrastructure for the top 6 at risk areas by 2030. • Establish plans at the provincial scale for improving drainage and natural filtration in flood prone areas through green infrastructure for remaining priority provinces with flood risks by 2035. X X X MoWRM MPWT MLMUPC MoE NCSD Sub- national authorities (provinces, districts and municipal- ities) KOICA, JICA, ADB, WB… NDC mitigation action #28, and adaptation actions #65, #82, #84 C-SDG #6 (target 6.3) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 62 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment d) Strengthen water treatment and water quality monitoring against national water quality standards, especially amongst small water enterprises.10 • Strengthen water quality testing and/ or treatment capacities amongst small water enterprises through improved licensing arrangements and technology support, by 2024. • Prepare and release an annual report on water quality compliance of licensed water suppliers with water quality standards from 2025. X X MISTI MoRD Cambodia water supply association Water supply enterprises NDC adaptation action #82, #86 C-SDG #6 (target 6.3) e) Promote the reduction of potable water demand by wastewater recycling, using local sources and utilizing rainwater. • Study options for increasing wastewater recycling and reducing potable water demand by 2024. • Establish incentives and/or regulations to increase wastewater recycling and use of local water sources and rainwater by 2027. • Review the effectiveness of incentives and/or regulations to promote wastewater recycling and use of local water sources and rainwater by 2032. X X X WoWRM MoE MISTI NCSD Architects and engineers C-SDG #6 (target 6.4) 10 These are water supply enterprisers that are typically serving small towns and rural areas. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 63 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment f) Implement all measures identified in Cambodia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2016) under “Theme 7: Sustainable Water Resource”. • Maintain water resources quality and quantity suitable for human consumption, and use in agriculture, livestock, and industries by 2027. • Reduce the effects of flooding and droughts on water supply and quality by 2030. X X MoE, MoWRM, NCSD, MAFF, MRD, MME, MoI UNDP NDC adaptation actions #65, #82, #84 C-SDG #15 (targets 15.1,15.5) g) Strengthen monitoring, reporting and enforcement of water pollution control regulations, including effluent standards in both industrial and residential areas. • Establish an online register of water pollution control monitoring and enforcement by 2025. • Increase capacity of agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcement of water pollution regulations by 20% by 2030. • Increase capacity of agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcement of water pollution regulations by 40% by 2035. X X X MoE (EPA) MISTI UNIDO Bilateral donors NGOs NDC mitigation action #11, and adaptation action #82 C-SDG #6 (target 6.3) 3.4 Sustainable personal transport a) Enable pedestrian and bicycle mobility through sidewalks and cycling infrastructure, and enforcement of parking regulations. • Increase capacity of agencies responsible for enforcement of parking regulations by 20% by 2022. • Establish a pedestrian and bicycle network in 3 cities by 2025. • Establish a pedestrian and bicycle network in 6 cities by 2028. X X X MoI MPWT MLMUPC NCSD Sub- national adminis- trations (Province, district and municipal- ities) Cambodian Cycling Federation NDC mitigation action #29 C-SDG #9 (target 9.1) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 64 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment • Establish a pedestrian and bicycle network in 9 cities by 2031. • Establish a pedestrian and bicycle network in 12 cities by 2033. • Establish a pedestrian and bicycle network in all cities by 2035. X X X b) Provide fiscal and reg- ulatory incentives (levies/ subsidies) and infrastructure to shift to low-emissions vehicles, including electric motorbikes and cars, and study options for phasing out old vehicles. • Develop feasibility analysis and business case for financing the implementation of incentives to shift to electric motorcycles (EM) and high polluting internal combustion engine motorcycles (ICEM), by 2022.11 • Implement new incentives to shift to low-emissions vehicles and phase out old vehicles by 2026. X X X MPWT MEF (General Depart- ment of Customs) NCSD MoE MoI Sub-na- tional adminis- trations MME (EdC) Electric Motorcycle companies (manu- facturing, distribution and retail) NDC mitigation action #31 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6) c) Increase public and private investment in urban public transport improvement programs (railway, rapid bus transit, ferries). • Establish regulations (a sub-decree) on public transport management by 2024. • Complete feasibility analysis and costings study for at least one new public transport project by 2028. • Secure financing partnership for at least one urban public transport project by 2030. X X X MPWT MLMUPC NCSD MoI Capital and sub- national adminis- trations Multilateral development banks Bilateral donors (e.g., Japan, France) NDC mitigation actions #29, #31, #33 C-SDG #9 (targets 9.1, 9.a) 11 See incentives identified in the report commissioned by the Global Green Growth Institute on behalf of the National Council for Sustainable Development and funded by the Green Climate Fund, 2021, ‘Promoting Green Mobility through Electric Motorbikes in Cambodia’. CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 65 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment • Design and build new urban public transport project by 2035. X d) Promote multimodal mobility through car/ motorbike sharing, public bike systems and other micro-mobility modes of transport. • Prepare pre-feasibility analysis to introduce car/motorbike sharing and/or public bike systems by 2023. • Prepare a business case and identify public-private partnership (PPP) models for mobility schemes by 2025. • Pilot new mobility schemes through a PPP by 2027. • Scale-up successful mobility through PPP schemes by 2035. X X X X MPWT NCSD Municipal- ities and district authorities Car sharing companies Bike sharing companies NDC mitigation action #29 C-SDG #9 (targets 9.1, 9.a) 3.5 Sustainable cities and neighbour- hoods a) Promote concepts such as smart, sustainable, liveable, and resilient cities in Master Plans on Land Use and Plans on Land Use at Municipal, Provincial, Districts and Commune levels. • Integrate smart, sustainable, liveable, and resilient city planning concepts into the design and/or review of masterplans for at least 5 cities or towns by 2025. • Integrate smart, sustainable, liveable, and resilient city planning concepts into the design and/or review of masterplans for at least 10 cities or towns by 2030 • Integrate smart, sustainable, liveable, and resilient city planning concepts into the design and/or review of masterplans for all cities or towns by 2035. X X X MoI Municipal- ities and district authorities MLMUPC NCSD MPWT NDC mitigation action #21, #29, #32, #48 and adaptation action #37, #50, #51, #55 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 66 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment b) Support mixed land-use, qualified urban density, green/blue infrastructure, and material recycling within neighborhoods. • Update city and town infrastructure rolling investment plans and land use plans to support mixed-land use, qualified urban density, blue/green infrastructure, and material recycling on a region-by- region basis by 2035. X MoI Municipal- ities and district authorities MLMUPC NCSD MPWT NDC mitigation action #28, #32, and adaptation action #50 C-SDG #11 (target 11.6) c) Enforce existing regulations that require the provision of green spaces and tree planting within built up (construction) areas. • Strengthen capacity for enforcement of construction permit requirements and urban planning requirements for green space and trees in urban areas, by 2024. X MLMUPC Cambodia constructors’ association NDC mitigation actions #28, #32, #48, and adaptation action #49 d) Promote participatory and inclusive planning processes for cities and neighborhoods, with full public consultation in the preparation of the Master Plans on Land Use and Plans on Land Use. • Monitor and enforce requirements for public consultation in the preparation and review of the draft Master Plan on Land Use from 2022, as required under sub-decree #42, Article 6. X MLMUPC Provincial, Municipal and District authorities NDC adaptation actions #47, #51 C-SDG #16 (tar- get 16.7) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 67 4. Sustainable Investment Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 4.1 National funding for sustainable consumption and production a) Establish the Cambodian Institution for Green Financing with support from the Green Climate Fund to support SCP projects. • Design and capitalization of Cambodian Institution for Green Financing by 2023. X NCSD MEF MoP MoE Mekong Strategic Partners Green Climate Fund CCC NDC adaptation action #69 C-SDG #17 (target 17.1) b) Mobilize technical and financial support from development partners, including multilateral organisations and bilateral partners, to support the implementation of the SCP Roadmap. • At least one new partnership is established to provide technical and financial support for implementation of the SCP Roadmap in Cambodia by 2022. • At least 3 new partnerships are established to provide technical and financial support for implementation of the SCP Roadmap in Cambodia by 2025. X X NCSD GIZ ADB WB JICA KOICA DFAT UNDP UNIDO UNEP GGGI NDC adaptation action #69 C-SDG #17 (target 17.1) c) Mobilize technical and financial support from the private sector, including international investors and Chambers of Commerce, to support the implementation of the SCP Roadmap. • An annual forum with the private sector to mobilize private sector technical and financial support for the SCP Roadmap implementation is held from 2023. X NCSD Chambers of Commerce FASMEC C-SDG #17 (targets 17.1, 17.17) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 68 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 4.2 Incentives for socially responsible investment a) Design guidelines for socially responsible investment in Cambodia. • Design new guidelines for socially responsible investment in Cambodia by 2025. X CDC (Rural Devel- opment Bank) NCSD MoLVT MoE Cambodia Chamber of Commerce C-SDG #17 (targets 17.1, 17.17) b) Develop new programs that provide preferential loans and subsidies for SMEs to invest in clean technology and sustainable production practices, especially women-led SMEs. • Design new programs (loans, subsidies) for SMEs to invest in clean technology and sustainable production practices by 2024. • Pilot new programs by 2026. • Roll out new programs by 2028. X X X MITSI MEF NCSD MAFF MME FASMEC GMAC C-SDG #17 (targets 17.1, 17.17) c) Promote the implementation of the Cambodian Sustainable Finance Principles by the banking sector in Cambodia. • Implement a communications campaign on the Cambodian Sustainable Finance Principles for the banking sector by 2022. X Association of Banks of Cambodia C-SDG #17 (targets 17.1, 17.17) 4.3 Sustainable public procurement a) Set up a sustainable (green) procurement standard, under the National Council for Sustainable Development and Ministry of Economy and Finance. • Study options for a sustainable procurement standard by 2021. • Create procurement database system for the sustainable procurement standard by 2023. • Draft and enact a new regulation (sub-decree) enabling the establishment of a sustainable (green) procurement standard by 2025. X X X NCSD MEF (General Depart- ment of Public Procure- ment) MISTI ISC GIZ UNEP UNIDO GGGI ADB WB International Finance Corporation GMAC FASMEC CCC CLA CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 69 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment b) Design environmental criteria and performance requirements for priority products and services to be procured by the government, in alignment with action 2.1 (‘environmental labelling and product certification’). • Establish environmental criteria and technical specifications for priority products and services (including for energy consumption, carbon emissions, waste, hazardous substances, water use) by 2022. • Pilot the environmental criteria and technical specifications with a priority set of products and services to be procured by the government by 2023. X X NCSD MEF GIZ c) Integrate sustainable / green procurement standards into the public procurement system under the Ministry of Economy and Finance (including the amendment of public procurement law). • Update the public procurement regulations and guidelines in Cambodia to integrate the environmental criteria and technical specifications by 2025. • Establish the monitoring and reporting system for sustainable procurement by 2026. X X NCSD MEF GIZ d) Provide technical guidance to Ministries and agencies in implementing the sustainable / green procurement standards and implement monitoring and reporting on the standards. • Establish on-demand technical support to Ministries and agencies in the implementation of the sustainable (green) procurement standards by 2026. X NCSD MEF GIZ CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 70 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 4.4 Innovative financing for sustainable technology a) Expand financial leasing programs that support SMEs, especially women-led SMEs, to upgrade technology and equipment for sustainability. • Evaluate existing financial leasing programs in Cambodia and their key success factors, by 2023. • Establish a public-private partnership to co-design the financial leasing program, by 2025. • Implement the expanded financial leasing program for SMEs to upgrade technology and equipment for sustainability, by 2027. X X X MISTI MEF NCSD FASMEC GMAC C-SDG #5 (target 5.5) #17 (targets 17.1, 17.17) b) Establish a revolving fund to address SME access to finance and remove barriers for investments in energy efficiency and other technology improvements for sustainability. • Identify seed funding for a revolving fund that increases access to finance for SMEs to invest in energy efficiency and other technology improvements by 2023. • Design and capitalize a revolving fund by 2025. • Operationalize a revolving fund by 2027. X X X MEF MISTI NCSD SME Bank C-SDG #7 (target 7.3), #17 (targets 17.1, 17.17) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 71 5. Values for sustainability Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 5.1 Education for sustainability a) Expand the eco-schools’ programme to all schools in Cambodia, ensuring equitable participation by girls and boys. • 30% of schools participate in the eco-schools’ programme by 2025. • 60% of schools participate in the eco-schools’ programme by 2030. • 100% of schools participate in the eco-schools’ programme by 2035. X X X MoEYS MoE MoLVT MoSVY Educational institutions and association UNDP GIZ NDC adaptation actions #20, #21 C-SDG #5 (target 5.1) b) Promote sustainability leadership in businesses and workplaces through champions, certification, awards, and recognition, and promoting women’s leadership in sustainability. • Initiation of a sustainability leadership awards programme by 2025, with at least 50% of awards granted to women leaders. X NCSD Chambers of Commerce NDC adaptation actions #21, #77 C-SDG #5 (target 5.5) c) Expand vocational training opportunities in sustainability businesses (e.g., waste recycling, energy efficiency, green buildings), ensuring equitable participation by women and men. • Review existing vocational education training curriculum to identify opportunities to expand courses on sustainable businesses by 2025. • Update curriculum for vocational training by 2027. • Implement new curriculum for vocational training on sustainable businesses by 2030. X X X MoEYS MoE MME NCSD MLMUPC Vocational training institutions C-SDG #5 (target 5.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 72 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment d) Strengthen training of industry units on monitoring, measuring, and reporting of resource use and environmental parameters for compliance monitoring and reporting. • Establish training for industrial enterprises on monitoring, measuring, and reporting of resource use and environmental compliance, through public-private partnerships, by 2022. X MISTI MoLVT MoE GMAC Factories GGGI Vocational training institutions NDC mitigation actions #46, #49 e) Encourage youth participation and leadership on SCP actions, especially among female youth, including through information and awareness raising. • Establish a youth platform at an annual forum for the public and private sectors to share knowledge and innovation on SCP, from 2023. X NCSD Chambers of Commerce Universities NDC mitigation action #13, and adaptation action #22 f) Strengthen human resources capacity across the public and private sectors to promote SCP, for example through professional development and vocational training and workshops, particularly on pollution control and waste management for SMEs and MSMEs. • Review capacity and capability gaps in human resources in the public and private sectors for the implementation of the SCP roadmap by 2022. • Implement capacity development programs for the public and private sectors at national and sub-national levels to support the implementation of the SCP Roadmap by 2024, ensuring equitable participation by women and men. X X NCSD Universities Vocational training institutions NDC adaptation actions #22, #23, #77 CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 73 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 5.2 Defining and measuring sustainability a) Expand the targets under C-SDG 12 to include a more comprehensive set of indicators related to SCP and address data gaps by ensuring the monitoring of C-SDGs is adequately funded. • Review the global SDG-12 targets and indicators and their relevance to Cambodia by 2022. • Update the Cambodian SDG-12 targets and indicators to include a more comprehensive set of indicators that have a clear definition, data cycle, and which use the official data or statistics in the national survey, by 2024. X X MoP NCSD MoE MEF UNDP UNESCO UNEP, GIZ, UNIDO C-SDG #17 (target 17.18), #12 b) Design a Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting and Learning Plan, and a data collection system, which includes monitoring and reporting at sub-national levels of government on the implementation of the SCP Roadmap actions. Ensure the collection and analysis of sex-age disaggregated data in tracking the SCP actions and ensure periodic reporting of information to key decision-makers and the public. • Design a Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Plan and data collection system for the SCP Roadmap by 2022. • Commence monitoring and reporting for national and sub-national levels of government on the SCP Roadmap, by 2023. X X MoP (Provincial MoP) MoE/ NCSD MoI NCDD UNDP, UNESCO, UENP, GIZ, UNIDO NDC adaptation action #70 c) Establish a scientifically based monitoring program for monitoring the use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Cambodia to track the extent to which POPs are released into the environment. • Establish a scientifically based monitoring baseline on the extent to which POPs are released into the environment through cooking, power generation, transportation, waste management, crematories, and other sources by 2023. X MoE NDC mitigation action #46, #47 C-SDG #12 (target 12.4) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 74 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment • Implement ongoing monitoring of POPs against the established baseline by 2025. X d) Encourage the private sector to monitor and publish the sustainability of their products and services through product life-cycle analysis and environmental product declarations. • Provide information to the private sector on life-cycle analysis and environmental product declarations by 2025. X NCSD/ MoE MoC MISTI Cambodia Chamber of Commerce, GIZ, UNDP, UNIDO C-SDG #12 (target 12.5) e) Meet twice annually with the SCP Technical Working Group of NCSD to track progress on implementation of SCP actions. • Establish twice annual meetings of the Technical Working Group for SCP on the SCP Roadmap implementation by 2022. X NCSD MoE (SCP TWG) GGGI, UNDP, UNIDO, UNEP, EU Switch Asia 5.3 Gender and socially inclusive sustainability a) Ensure all SCP policy measures and programs are socially inclusive and gender responsive, including through undertaking gender analysis in the development of SCP initiatives and providing capacity building throughout the initiatives. • All SCP policy measures and programs are to be reviewed in their design phase to ensure they are socially inclusive and gender responsive. • All SCP policy measures and programs are to be reviewed after 4 years of implementation to track the extent to which they are socially inclusive and gender responsive. X X NCSD MoWA NDC adaptation action #26, #29 C-SDG 5 (target 5.c) b) Promote women’s leadership in businesses and workplaces that promote sustainability in production and consumption. • At least 15-30% of initiatives for SCP in businesses and workplaces are to be led by women by 2025. X NCSD MoWA NGOs FASMEC NDC adaptation actions #26, #31 C-SDG #5 (target 5.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 75 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment c) Expand programs that support job creation opportunities in SCP, especially for the poor and vulnerable and ethnic groups. • Identify job creation opportunities, especially for the poor, through design of SCP programs by 2022. • Expand the SCP programs that create jobs, especially for the poor, by 2024. X X NCSD MoWA NGOs FASMEC NDC adaptation action #26, #27 C-SDG #8 (target 8.3) d) Integrate monitoring and reporting of gender and social inclusion metrics into the reporting of the SCP-12 at sub-national levels. • Update the Cambodian SDG-12 targets and indicators to include a more comprehensive set of indicators, including gender and social inclusion metrics by 2022. X NCSD MoP MoWA NDC adaptation actions #26, #28 C-SDG #17 (target 17.18) e) Ensure strong coordination with the Ministry of Women’s Affairs along with gender focal points of other relevant ministries to ensure coherence in SCP actions and synergies with ongoing gender-related actions. • Ensure Ministry of Women’s Affairs are invited to participate in all SCP Technical Working Group meetings by 2022. • Ensure gender focal points of other relevant ministries are informed of the SCP roadmap by 2022. X NCSD MoWA C-SDG 5 (target 5.c.2) f) Allocate adequate resources for mainstreaming gender equality and social inclusion. • Undertake a budget needs analysis for SCP and mainstreaming of gender equality and social inclusion, by 2023. X MoEF MoWA NCSD C-SDG 5 (target 5.c.1) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 76 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment 5.4 Advancing knowledge and commu- nications a) Develop and implement a national communications strategy for promotion of SCP. • Design a national communications strategy for SCP by 2023. • Implement a national communications strategy for promotion of SCP by 2025. X X NCSD MoE (GDEKI) MEF MoEYS MPTC Ministry of Information UNEP GIZ UNDP NDC mitigation action #13, #40, #42, #43, and adaptation action #59, #79 b) Deliver public awareness raising campaigns on sustainable lifestyles (for example, on reducing consumption of energy and water and reducing plastic and food waste). • Design a public awareness campaign on sustainable lifestyles by 2026. • Implement a public awareness campaign on sustainable lifestyles implemented by 2027. X X NCSD MoEYS NDC mitigation action #13, #40, #42, #43, and a action #79 c) Provide opportunities for knowledge sharing on SCP both within Cambodia (across sectors and provinces) and between Cambodia and other countries, particularly in Southeast Asia. • Organise an annual forum for the public and private sectors and academia to attend to share knowledge and innovation on SCP in Cambodia, by 2023. • Participate in ASEAN regional cooperation and knowledge sharing on SCP. X X NCSD ASEAN Secretariat d) Increase research and development (R&D) on the SCP system in Cambodia to inform policy/regulatory design through research partnerships between Cambodian universities and Cambodian government agencies. • Establish a research plan for SCP in Cambodia by 2022. • Mobilize partnerships for the implementation of the SCP research plan by 2023. • Implement the SCP research plan from 2024. • Review and update the research plan by 2028. X X X X NCSD Universities Cambodian Development Resources Institute CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 77 Strategy Actions Result Indicators Milestone Responsibilities Alignment Short term (2022- 2025) Medium term (2026- 2030) Long term (2031- 2035) Agencies Private sector and development partners C-SDG and NDC alignment e) Strengthen science, technology, and innovation (STI) across the public and private sectors to support SCP implementation, consistent with Cambodia’s Science, Technology and Innovation Roadmap for 2030 • Review gaps and opportunities for STI to support SCP implementation in Cambodia, by 2024. • Design a program to strengthen STI collaboration, education, and research to support SCP implementation, by 2026. • Mobilize partnerships for the implementation of the STI program for SCP by 2027. • Implement the STI program for SCP from 2028. • Review and update the STI program by 2032. X X X X X MISTI MoLVT MoEYS UNESCO CCC Universities NDC adaptation action #79 C-SDG #9 (target 9.5) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 78 Appendix 2. Relevant Laws, Policies, Strategies and Action Plans The following non-exhaustive list of laws, policies, strategies, and action plans in Cambodia are relevant to the effective implementation of SCP in Cambodia: 1. Rectangular Strategy Phase IV of Cambodia 2. Cambodia Vision 2050 3. National Strategic Development Plan (2019-2023) 4. Cambodia Sustainable Development Goals Framework (2016-2030) 5. Cambodia’s Voluntary National Review 2019 on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 6. Cambodia’s National Environmental Strategy and Action Plan (2016-2023) 7. Cambodia’s Climate Change Strategic Plan (2014-2023) 8. Cambodia’s First (2002) and Second (2015) National Communication to the UNFCCC 9. Cambodia’s First Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and Second NDC (2020) to the UNFCCC 10. Cambodia’s National Green Growth Roadmap (2009) 11. Cambodia’s National Policy and Strategic Plan on Green Growth (2013-2030) 12. Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management (1996) 13. Natural Resources and Environmental Code (draft) 14. Cambodia’s National REDD+ Strategy (2017-2026) 15. National Protected Area Strategic Management Plan (2017-2031) 16. National Forest Programme (2009-2029) 17. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2016) 18. Cambodia Industrial Development Policy (2015 – 2025) 19. Cambodia Trade Integration Strategy (2019-2023) 20. Cambodia’s Law on Public Procurement (2012) 21. Law on Construction (2019) No. NS/RKM/1119/019 22. Law on Standards of Cambodia (2007) 23. Cambodia’s Basic Energy Plan (2019) 24. Climate Change Action Plan for Energy Sector (2021-2023) 25. Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan (2014-2018) 26. Phnom Penh Sustainable City Plan (2018-2030) 27. Phnom Penh Waste Management Strategy and Action Plan (2018-2035) 28. Cambodia’s Green Infrastructure Guide (2019) 29. National Guidelines on Eco-School in Cambodia (2016) 30. National Ecotourism Policy (2019-2030) 31. National Policy for Water Supply and Sanitation (2003) 32. National Strategic Plan for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2014-2025) 33. Cambodia’s Financial Sector Development Strategy (2011-2020) 34. The National Waste Management Strategy and Action Plan (2018-2030) 35. Municipal Solid Waste Management Policy (2020-2030) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 79 36. Cambodia’s Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan (2021-2025) 37. Cambodia’s Science, Technology, and Innovation Roadmap for 2030 38. National Energy Efficiency Policy (2021-2030) (draft). 39. The Intermodal Transport Master Plan (2021-2030) (draft) 40. Production forest Strategic Plan (2018-2032) (draft) 41. Sustainable City Strategic Plan for Seven Secondary Cities (2020-2030) (draft) 42. Guideline for Green Building and Certification System (draft) 43. Plastic Action Plan and Roadmap (draft) 44. Guideline for Green Office and Green Event and Evaluation Mechanism (draft) 45. Zero Plastic Communication Strategy (draft) 46. Cambodia Plastic Policy Stakeholder Engagement Plan (draft) CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 80 Appendix 3. Summary of existing policies and initiative supporting SCP Table 1 provides a summary of the existing policies and initiatives supporting SCP in Cambodia, identified through the Scoping Paper supporting this SCP Roadmap. Table 1. Regulations, strategies and polices that support SCP in Cambodia Sectors Policies and Initiatives Public Procure- ment Labelling and certification Trade and investment incentives Subsidy Levy/ tax Other regulation/ guidelines Awareness and Education Waste Manage- ment and Recycling Business and NGO initiatives Sustainable production Manufacturing X X X X Fisheries X X Forestry X X Agriculture X X Construction X X X Mining X Tourism X X X X X Energy X X X Services X X X X Logistics (transport) X X X X Public Procurement X X Labelling X X Waste X X X Sustainable consumption Energy X X Buildings X X Food Water X X Personal transport X X Land use CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 81 Sectors Policies and Initiatives Public Procure- ment Labelling and certification Trade and investment incentives Subsidy Levy/ tax Other regulation/ guidelines Awareness and Education Waste Manage- ment and Recycling Business and NGO initiatives Household appliances Information Communica- tions Technology Garments X X Education (School Levels) X X Other services CAMBODIA’S ROADMAP For Sustainable Consumption and Production 2022-2035 82 Bibliography ADB. 2021. 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Country Profile: Cambodia - Investing in Land Degradation Neutrality: Making the Case - An Overview of Indicators and Assessments. The Global Mechanism, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCDD). UNEP. 2011. Paving the way for Sustainable Consumption and Production: the Marrakech Process Progress Report. UNEP. 2012. Sustainable Consumption and Production: A Handbook for Policy Makers with cases from Asia and the Pacific. Disclaimer: This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the SWITCH-Asia Regional Policy Advocacy Component and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union i The printing was sponsored by: Technical and Financial Support by: