Turkana County Climate Change Action Plan 2023-2027

1.1. Introduction & Background ................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Purpose and process of the CCCAP ...................................................................................... 2

1.3 Underlying Climate Resilience Context ................................................................................ 3

1.3.1 Impacts of Climate Hazards in the County ........................................................................................... 3

1.3.2 County Climate Hazard Map ................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.3 Differentiated Climate exposure and Vulnerability of key groups and livelihoods .............................. 5 1.3.4 Brief Overview of Climate Change Actions in the County ..................................................................... 6

1.4 Brief Overview of Climate Change Actions in the County ...................................................... 6

1.4.1 Mainstreaming of NCCAP in County Actions ........................................................................................ 7

1.4.2 Climate Change in CIDP ......................................................................................................................... 7

1.4.3 Other key climate actions/strategies in the County ............................................................................. 7 2. Policy Environment ....................................................................................................... 8

2.1 National Policy Context ....................................................................................................... 8

2.1.1 The National Perspective ...................................................................................................................... 8

2.1.2 National Legal and Policy Framework ................................................................................................... 9

2.2 County Enabling Legal & Policy Framework ....................................................................... 10 3. Priority Climate Change Actions 2023-2027 ................................................................. 11 3.1 Identification of strategic climate action priorities in the PCRA .......................................... 12

3.2 Priority County Climate Change Actions............................................................................. 12

3.2.2 Priority Actions on Pastoralism ........................................................................................................... 13

3.2.3 Agropastoralism .................................................................................................................................. 13 3.2.4 Priority Actions and Strategies on Health, Sanitation and Human Settlement .................................. 14

3.2.6 Priority Strategies and Actions on Infrastructure............................................................. 16 4. Delivery Mechanisms for CCAP .................................................................................... 19

4.1 Enabling Factors ............................................................................................................... 19

4.1.1 Enabling Policy and Regulation ........................................................................................................... 19

4.1.2 Mainstreaming in the CIDP ................................................................................................................. 19

4.1.3 Multi-Stakeholder Participation Processes ......................................................................................... 20

4.1.4 Finance - County Climate Change Fund .............................................................................................. 21 v

4.1.5 Governance - County Government Structures ................................................................................... 22

4.1.6 Climate Information Services & Climate Data Access ......................................................................... 24

4.1.7 Resilience Planning Tools .................................................................................................................... 24

4.1.8 Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) .............................................................................. 25

4.1.9 Financial Requirements....................................................................................................................... 25

4.1.10 Institutional Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................ 26

4.2 Implementation and Coordination Mechanisms ................................................................ 29

4.2.1 Directorate of Climate Change............................................................................................................ 29

4.2 Implementation Matrix for CCCAP 2023-2027 .............................................................. 30 Annexes ......................................................................................................................... 36 Annex 1: List of Participants for The Participatory Climate Change Action Planning in 30 wards in Turkana ....................................................................................................... 36 Annex 2: Invitation Letter to Partners for The Participatory Climate Change Action Plan Validation Workshop ................................................................................................. 81 Annex 3: List of Participants for The Participatory Climate Change Action Planning Validation Workshop ......................................................................................................... 82 Annex 4: Program for The Participatory Climate Change Action Planning Validation Workshop ............................................................................................................................ 53 vi ACRONYMS UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change IOM - International Organization for Migration CIDP - County Integrated Development Plan INGOs - International Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs - Non-Governmental Organizations FBOs - Faith Based Organizations CSOs - Civil Society Organizations CCCPC - County Climate Change Planning Committee EAP - Early Action Protocol CADP - County Annual Development Plan CECM - County Executive Committee CCAP - County Climate Change Action KCCWG - Kenya Climate Change Working Group GCF - Green Climate Fund AF - Adaptation Fund SCCF - Special Climate Change Fund G-FLLoCA - Government Financing Locally–Led Climate Action CCAD - County Climate Change Directorate EWS - Early Warning System KMD – Kenya Meteorological Department NDMA – National Drought Management Authority WSP – Water Service Providers MECC - Migration Environment and Climate Change CCCD - County Climate Change Directorate vii DEFINITION OF TERMS Adaptation means adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. Adaptive capacity refers to the ability of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequences. Absentees are residents of the sub-location who have left their settlement because of the drought (death of animals, lack of food, lack of water, search for services), resource-based conflict, ethnic tensions or conflict, and flash floods or seasonal floods. Arrivals are persons (Kenyan Nationals) who have left their place of origin (internal or external) and arrived at the sub-location assessed because of the drought (death of animals, lack of food, lack of water, search for services), resource-based conflict, ethnic tensions or conflicts, and flash floods or seasonal floods. Returnees are the people (Kenyan Nationals) that had left the sub-location because of the drought (death of animals, lack of food, lack of water, search for services), resource-based conflict, ethnic tensions or conflict, flash floods or seasonal floods, and settled at a temporary site (in Kenya or in a foreign land) but came back because they have not found assistance, needed to rejoin the family, and/or have returned with assistance (IOM, 2022a). Carbon credits are generated by projects that deliver measurable reductions in GHG emissions. Climate change means a change in the climate system which is caused by significant changes in the concentration of greenhouse gases as a consequence of human activities and which is in addition to natural climate change that has been observed during a considerable period. Climate Migration refers to movement of a person or groups of persons who, predominantly for reasons of sudden or progressive change in the environment due to climate change, are obliged to leave their habitual place of residence, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, within a State or across an international border. Displacement movement of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters. Global warming refers to the gradual increase, observed or projected, in global surface temperature, as one of the consequences of climate change. Hazard refers to the potential occurrence of a natural or human-induced physical event or trend or physical impact that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, ecosystems, and environmental resources. Human Mobility The umbrella term ‘human mobility’ to refer to three forms of human mobility as used in Paragraph 14(f) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Cancun Climate Change Adaptation Framework, namely displacement (understood as the primarily forced movement of persons), migration (understood as the primarily voluntary movement of persons) viii and planned relocation (understood as planned process of settling persons or groups of persons to a new location). Migration refers to the movement of persons away from their place of usual residence, either across an international border or within a State. Mitigation means human interventions that seek to prevent or slow down the increase of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by limiting current or future emissions and enhancing potential sinks for greenhouse gases. Pastoralism refers to a livelihood strategy based on moving livestock to seasonal pastures primarily in order to convert grasses, forbs, tree-leaves, or crop residues into human food. The search for feed is however not the only reason for mobility; people and livestock may move to avoid various natural and/or social hazards, to avoid competition with others, or to seek more favorable conditions. Resilience refers to the capacity of social, economic and environmental systems to cope with a hazardous event or trend or disturbance, responding or reorganizing in ways that maintain their essential function, identity and structure, while also maintaining the capacity for adaptation, learning and transformation (IPCC, 2014, AR5 Glossary). Vulnerability refers to the propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected. Vulnerability encompasses a variety of concepts and elements including sensitivity or susceptibility to harm and lack of capacity to cope and adapt. ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Climate change is imposing an increasing burden on the national and county governments in their efforts to protect vulnerable populations and realize human rights. Changing precipitation patterns such as drought, and shorter but more intense rainfall, can have negative direct and indirect impacts on health and contribute to desertification and flooding, food insecurity, migration and increased conflict. Indigenous populations, poor and socially marginalized individuals, women, and people with disabilities, are often most affected. As an arid and semi-arid sub-county, Turkana is very vulnerable to climate change impacts that severely impact livelihoods of its community members. Prolonged drought resulting from climate change has for instance led to loss of livestock which are the main livelihood sources for many people in the region given that pastoralism is their main livelihood. Due to diminished grassland as result of climate change, human mobility is high in this the county both by the local pastoral community migrating to neighboring country in search for pasture and refugees from other countries. Climate change has increased the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events in Turkana causing loss of lives, diminished livelihoods, reduced crop and livestock production, and damaged infrastructure, among other adverse impacts. Due to the rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, failed rainfall seasons, associated with global climate change have put water resources in this region under pressure, leaving communities struggling to adapt to weather related challenges. Developing this climate change action plan was participatory in nature and involved stakeholders from national and county government, International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs), Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs,) Faith Based Organizations (FBOs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), state agencies, and community representatives. Key stakeholders engaged at the community level included area chiefs, members of the ward planning committees, community elders, women, youths, herders, and religious leaders, women, youth, ethnic minorities, people living with disabilities and other marginalized and vulnerable groups among others. x 1. Background and Context

1.1. Introduction & Background Climate change and variability have adversely affected communities’ pastoral livelihoods in Kenya. The country’s arid and semiarid lands (ASALs) including Turkana, which have faced increasing drought frequency and intensity are one of the most vulnerable and drought-prone regions in the country. Given the changing global climate, coupled with expected increase in evapotranspiration due to increased temperatures, the ASALs are expected to experience frequent climatic extremes, increased aridity, increased water stress, diminished yields from rain-fed agriculture, and increased food insecurity and malnutrition. Adaptation and coping practices are therefore necessary to reduce vulnerability to drought stresses as well as to prepare for possible future extreme climate events. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports (IPCC 2001, 2007, 2012) define adaptation as an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. Adaptation therefore involves adjustments in reducing the vulnerability of households to climatic variability and change. Climate variability and change is increasingly being recognized as a critical challenge to pastoral production systems in the arid and semi-arid rangelands. The projected climate scenarios are expected to aggravate some of the existing vulnerability of natural resource dependent communities, and likely to impose new risks beyond the range of current experiences. Dryland communities, especially pastoralists, are vulnerable to climate-induced stresses due to their low adaptive capacity and over dependence on climate-sensitive livelihood activities. Their vulnerability to increasing climate change is further compounded by other socio-economic, political and ecological factors including but not limited to inadequate sources of income, limited livestock marketing opportunities, political marginalization, changing land tenure, unclear property right regimes, and breakdown of traditional social and resource governance institutions Climate change has amplified the harsh weather conditions that were already being experienced in ASAL counties like Turkana. High temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns have become the norm resulting to extreme weather conditions like drought and floods. With most households’ livelihoods depending on natural resources, making a living has proven to be difficult. In order to survive, households are forced to rely on coping strategies which are unsustainable in cushioning them against adversities brought about by climate change. External assistance given is mostly short-term leaving vulnerable households without any sustainable means to adapt to climate change. Turkana County has shown its commitment to addressing climate change by the enactment of the Climate Change Policy Frameworks and Instruments required to address the impacts of climate change. The policy framework provides a pathway that ensures sustainable development and prioritises adaptation, recognising the importance of increasing the climate resilience of vulnerable groups including women, youth, people with disabilities, and marginalised and minority communities. 1

1.2 Purpose and process of the CCCAP The development of the County Climate Change Action Plan was a participatory process involving various stakeholders including Partners, National and county government and key stakeholders such as women, youth, ethnic minorities, people living with disabilities and other marginalized and vulnerable groups to identify climate change priorities and vulnerabilities at all the 30 wards in Turkana County. Before identifying appropriate climate change adaptation actions, it was important to understand the local vulnerabilities and risks including the most vulnerable economic sectors, social groups, and communities. This was achieved through a vulnerability assessment, which involved identifying, measuring (quantifying), and analysing vulnerability to climate change and hazards. The Ward and County Climate change vulnerability risk assessment has led to the development of Ward and County Climate Change Action Plan 2023-2027. This CCAP is expected to identify sectoral adaptation needs and also detail specific sectoral action plans, key implementing partners and indicative costs. The plan must be complementary and consistent with existing strategies of the National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS), National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP), as well as development and economic plans, principally the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) and County Annual Development Plan (CADP). During the Participatory Planning Process, 30 Wards for Data collection. Consultative workshops were conducted in every Ward. Data for this assessment was collected using structured questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) in each ward, Focus Group Discussion Guides (FGDs) in each Ward and review of relevant literature that include reports, policies, legislations, articles and books. Views were also gathered from community members through community engagements coordinated by the task team and the local community members. For the Household Surveys, the questionnaire was set up in KOBO Collect to allow for electronic data collection. The questionnaires were administered in the sampled groups by the experts and trained research assistants. The KIIs was prioritized from climate sensitive sectors like agriculture, Livestock, Natural Resources, Metrological, NDMA, Disaster, water, health and governance sectors, and substantially captured gender issues and vulnerable groups. FGDs were administered to ward climate change committee members in wards as well as opinion leaders and interest groups in each ward. The County Climate Change Action Planning was carried out through participatory processes involving all the key stakeholder groups such as relevant government agencies, academia, researchers, civil society organizations, the private sector, women, youth, ethnic minorities, people living with disabilities and other marginalized and vulnerable groups, and local communities in the County. The process will be evidence-based and will involve data collection and analysis. A feedback meeting was held to validate draft reports by stakeholders who participated in the assessment and other additional people. This activity was critical for the credibility, legitimacy, authority, and acceptability of the report. 2

1.3 Underlying Climate Resilience Context Communities already have a long record of adaptation to climate variability. However, the impacts of climatic and other human-made stresses have been growing continuously at a rate that often exceeds human and ecosystem tolerance levels. Consequently, many traditional adaptive knowledge and livelihood strategies practised in drylands for centuries no longer sufficient or are inefficient. Efforts to reduce the vulnerability of drylands populations, therefore, must reinforce their risk management and coping capacities by augmenting existing adaptation mechanisms and supplementing them with new options that are tailored to the unique local contexts. Building climate resilience requires that the County systems of governance, ecosystems and society can maintain competent function in the face of climate change. This would aid a return to some normal range of function even when faced with adverse impacts of climate change. Adaptive capacity is key to improving socioeconomic characteristics of communities, households and industry as it includes adjustments in behavior, resources and technologies, and is a necessary condition for design and implementation of effective adaptation strategies. There is mutual reliance in that the national adaptive capacity depends on the resilience of its systems.

1.3.1 Impacts of Climate Hazards in the County Climate change has also been associated with disasters such as floods capable of causing loss of life and property, drought and famine, loss of livestock, and increased vector borne diseases. Drought incidences occur in Turkana County on a regular basis due to increasingly erratic climate conditions and ineffective water cycling. These drought episodes cause significant stress on the county, with loss of human life and increased rates of malnutrition due to inadequate food supplies and access to clean water, as well as loss of livestock. Increasing drought conditions, in combination with existing political, environmental and economic development challenges in Turkana, negatively impact local livelihoods (Human Rights Watch 2015). As the County experiences higher temperatures and unpredictable rainy seasons, in conjunction with a growing human population, there is increased pressure on water resources. This has caused less dry season grazing land, diminished livestock herds, and increased competition over grazing lands. Competition for the depleting resources in northern Turkana has heightened the likelihood of conflict and insecurity (Human Rights Watch 2015). The conflict over water points in certain wards in Turkana could be linked to the spread of the aridity and movement of the nomadic populations into farmlands and fishing. Conflict negatively impacts investment. As such, the private sector is also interesting in supporting the County peace building efforts. Climate change has also been associated with disasters such as floods capable of causing loss of life and property, drought and famine, loss of livestock, and increased vector borne diseases. Given the dry environment, Respiratory tract infections are common due to the dusty environment. Other common diseases include pneumonia, malnutrition, and skin, eye and ear infections (Department of Health and Sanitation 2017). 3

1.3.2 County Climate Hazard Map ETHIOPIA . ~- L.ogand - ..,.. ... 'f'O~ __ ,._ .Pl,l9Qc: K,bli 1 Oel - ,.coo ~-a2111■ ,._ ....., . ~ o - ,-~FM ~ = » ~ t ~y ~ . a:,_..,,.,._, b.p&Ud r.. ~ C f f l ~ I P : , .u ·• Lo - - CJ c•-,, 2t>l.-7»PN . . ~t1>0.'0ltolllill·•11~••, ;"34. - 1 , 4 : > ' ? r o . o - ~ ~ - ~• ~ \ . 1..W•2..117P'Mef41~,o,O,OtJVll/tt1rtHt, z.,e 1e . 7 c ~ - . . ~c.-'nOr--3'91-tJUn..n._.., /.. c::: ~..~ Y l';Jtl>lt,o q> --...... . . ·~"' . \ . . . . • ~ ~ lapa = ~ r f/ ""- GA DA t '- Figure1: A map Showing Turkana Drought-Physical Exposure 4 HI PI • Town t rpo,nt 1 Do " 2.000 Households Road R r FIOOd Pton Areas Couty Waterbody Figure 2: A map Showing Turkana County-Flood Prone Areas

1.3.3 Differentiated Climate exposure and Vulnerability of key groups and livelihoods Poverty, food insecurity and the difficulty of making a livelihood from pastoralism are causing many Turkana to adopt alternative livelihoods (Opiyo et al 2015). In particular women, who are more traditionally linked to small-scale manufacturing and petty trade, and youth who do not have access to livestock assets, demonstrate aspirations to engage in alternative livelihoods. Examples include crop production (particularly using irrigation), charcoal production and sale, manufacture and sale of handicrafts (especially baskets), petty trade (especially of household goods and small livestock), honey production, the sale of other nature-based products, and casual labor (Watson and Binsbergen 2008; Save the Children 2016). The impacts of drought, climate change, environmental degradation and population growth on the pastoralist economy in Turkana have not been uniform. New forms of social differentiation are emerging that have important implications for the future of the County. As it has become more difficult to make a sustainable livelihood from pastoralism, livestock ownership has become increasingly the preserve of wealthier households. Both McDowell 5 (2016) and Save the Children (2016) show that nowadays it is primarily middle- and upper- income households that derive a significant proportion of their food and income from livestock products and livestock sales. By contrast, poor and very poor households derive only a small proportion of their food and income from livestock. These households tend to rely more heavily on food sources such as food aid, payments in kind, crops and wild foods, and to rely on safety nets, crop sales, self-employment and casual employment as income sources. Thus, while pastoralism remains an important part of the Turkana economy, the role livestock herding plays in the County is changing rapidly. Poorer households now tend to have very small herds, mainly of goats and sheep, that cannot maintain a sustainable livelihood. Many of these households are either ‘dropping out’ of pastoralism or choosing alternative livelihoods options, which is driving a rapid diversification in the economy of Turkana. In particular, many Turkana youth (both male and female) no longer aspire to being pastoralist herders and would prefer to receive an education, find jobs or open businesses. Unfortunately, in their search for an alternative to pastoralism many poor Turkana households have been forced to engage in livelihoods activities that have a negative impact on the environment. In particular, cutting of trees for fuel wood or for charcoal manufacture has become a mainstay of the economy for many poorer households, who now no longer see these activities as a coping strategy of last resort but as a primary source of livelihoods (Watson and Binsbergen 2008; Opiyo et al 2015).

1.3.4 Brief Overview of Climate Change Actions in the County Turkana County has shown its commitment to addressing climate change by the enactment of the Climate Change Policy Frameworks and Instruments required to address the impacts of climate change. The county has already established a climate fund which forms 2% of the county’s budget, and established the county and ward climate change committees that will support the implementation of the County Climate Change Action Plan. The policy framework provides a pathway that ensures sustainable development and prioritises adaptation, recognising the importance of increasing the climate resilience of vulnerable groups including women, youth, people with disabilities, and marginalised and minority communities. The County has established Turkana County climate Change Policy 2021, Turkana County Climate Change Act 2021, and Climate Change Regulation 2021. The County Government of Turkana has mainstreamed climate change issues into the CIDP III to ensure that the adaptive capacity of the local communities is improved.

1.4 Brief Overview of Climate Change Actions in the County Turkana County Government has set up various policy frameworks to support the implementation of Programmes and activities geared towards addressing climate change impacts. The county already developed Turkana County Climate change Policy, Turkana County Climate Change Act, 2021 and Turkana County Climate Change Fund respectively. 6

1.4.1 Mainstreaming of NCCAP in County Actions The Kenya Climate Change Act (Number 11 of 2016) requires the Government to develop five-year National Climate Change Action Plans (NCCAP) to guide the mainstreaming of adaptation and mitigation actions into sector functions of the National and County Governments. The NCCAP provides a framework for mainstreaming climate change into sector functions at the national and county level. The County Government of Turkana has successfully mainstreamed the NCCAP by: Nominating a County Executive Committee (CEC) Member to be in charge of coordinating implementation of climate change actions; working closely with the Climate Change Directorate to ensure that County Climate Change Units are established, strengthened, and functional, leading to effective implementation of NCCAP; Mainstreaming climate change actions in their respective CIDPs, and implementing and reporting on these actions over the next five years; Generating best practices, including development of County legislation that supports climate change action; setting up a reporting system for annual reporting at the end of every financial year, to the County Assembly on progress achieved on the implementation of climate change actions.

1.4.2 Climate Change in CIDP Climate change issues are well addressed in the Turkana County CIDP. The county through its CIDP aims to sustainably exploit the natural resources and promote cultural heritage in health environment and in climate change responsive ways to improve the quality of life of the citizens. The CIDP has integrated and budgeted for various activities aimed at improving adaptive capacity of the local community members. Some of the activities include: development and adoption of ward climate change action plans, capacity building of climate change committees, strengthening of climate change directorate in implementing climate change functions, Proper and adequate understanding on MVR, climate risk assessments, implementation of biophysical research activities on existing environmental and Natural resource; floods and drought management; early warning and real-time alerts; Well- coordinated dissemination of information; Enhanced community resilience through; and locally-led interventions

1.4.3 Other key climate actions/strategies in the County The Turkana County Climate Change Policy aims to facilitate a coordinated, coherent and effective response to the local, national and global challenges and opportunities presented by climate change. An overarching mainstreaming approach has been adopted to ensure the integration of climate change considerations into development planning, budgeting and implementation in all sectors and at all levels of the county government. The goal of this Policy, therefore, is to enhance the resilience of communities and natural systems to steer Turkana County towards a low carbon pathway for sustainable development. 7 2. Policy Environment

2.1 National Policy Context Over the past decade, Kenya has been experiencing successive impacts of climate change resulting to great socio-economic losses estimated ta 3-5% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) annually, and impeding development efforts. The situation is exacerbated by the country's dependence on climate sensitive natural resources. Despite the country’s negligible contribution to global greenhouse gas (GIG) emissions less than 0.1% in 2018), Kenya has put up ambitious policies and measures to pursue her low carbon climate resilient development pathway to realize Vision 2030 (NDC, 202). A robust regulatory framework comprising laws, policies, plans and institutions have been established at the National and County levels to address climate change. Constitution of Kenya (2010) is the foundation of the institutional and legal framework for climate change actions. Kenya has developed the National Climate Change Response Strategy (2010), first NCCAP (2013-2017), National Adaptation Plan (NAP 2015- 2030), Kenya Climate-Smart Agriculture Strategy (2017-2026), Climate Risk Management Framework (2017), National Climate Change Policy (2018) and National Climate Finance Policy (2018), among other sector plans and policies that address aspects of climate change. NCCAP 2018-2022 aims to provide mechanisms and measures to achieve low carbon climate-resilient development in a manner that prioritizes adaptation.

2.1.1 The National Perspective Over 84% of Kenya's land area si arid and semi-arid, with poor infrastructure and other developmental challenges, leaving less than 16% of the land area to support over 80% of the population. The Kenyan economy is dependent on climate-sensitive sectors, such as rain-fed agriculture, water, energy, tourism, wildlife, and health, whose vulnerability is increased by climate change. Increased intensities and magnitudes of climate related risks in Kenya aggravate conflicts, mostly over natural resources. This has frequently forced the country to reallocate development resources to address climate related emergencies. These impacts are not gender neutral, impacting men, women and other gender groups differently (NDC, 202). Kenya developed a National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS) in 2010, the first National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) in 2013, and a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) in 2015. The strategy and plans jointly provide a vision for low carbon and climate resilient development pathway, while a National Climate Change Framework Policy was adopted and Climate Change Act (2016) enacted to facilitate effective response to climate change. Kenya has operationalized these policies and plans through the implementation of climate change actions in various sectoral plans, programmes and projects such as afforestation and reforestation, geothermal and other clean energy development, energy efficiency, climate smart agriculture, and drought management, amongst others (NDC, 2020). Compared to Kenya’s first NDC target of 30 % emission reduction, the updated NDC commits to Abate GHG emissions by 32%by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario of 143 MtCO2eq; and in line with our sustainable development agenda and national circumstances. The timeframe for implementation of the NDC is up to 2030, with milestone targets at 2025. The total cost of implementing mitigation and adaptation actions in the Updated NDC is estimated at USD 62 Billion. 8

2.1.2 National Legal and Policy Framework The Constitution of Kenya (2010) provides ground for the formulation of adaptation and mitigation legislation, policies and strategies through a number of relevant articles. It goes further to guarantee the right to a clean and healthy environment under the Bill of Rights (Chapter 4, Article 42) which provides that every Kenyan has a right to a clean and healthy environment. In Article 43 on Economic and Social rights, the constitutions states that “every person has a right to be free from hunger, and to have adequate food of acceptable quality”. In chapter 5 on Land and Environment, article 69 provides for obligations in respect of the environment while Article 72 requires Parliament to pass legislation relating to the environment. Kenya Vision 2030 and its Medium-Term Plans: Kenya Vision 2030, is the country’s development blueprint. Its objective is to help transform Kenya into a “newly industrializing, middle-income country providing a high quality of life to all its citizens by 2030 in a clean and secure environment.” The vision recognized climate change as a risk that could slow the country’s development. Climate change actions were identified in the Second Medium Term Plan (MTP) (2013-2017). The Third Medium Term Plan (2018-2022) recognized climate change as a crosscutting thematic area, and mainstreamed climate change actions in sector plans. Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy (2017- 2026): The objective of the Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy (KCSAS) is to adapt to climate change and build the resilience of agricultural systems, while minimizing GHG emissions. CSA aims to achieve three main objectives: sustainably increase agricultural productivity and incomes; adapt and build resilience to climate change; and reduce and/or remove greenhouse gas emissions, where possible. Planned actions will lead to enhanced food and nutritional security, and improved livelihoods. National Climate Change Action Plan (2018-2022): NCCAP 2018-2022 furthers the achievement of Kenya’s development goals by providing mechanisms to realize low carbon climate resilient development. It emphasizes sustainability, while prioritizing adaptation and enhanced climate resilience for vulnerable groups. NCCAP 2018-2022 has identified seven priority areas, including: Disaster Risk Management; Food and Nutrition Security; Water and the Blue Economy; Forestry; Wildlife, and Tourism; Health, Sanitation, and Human Settlements; Manufacturing; and Energy and Transport. Climate Risk Management Framework (2017): The Climate Risk Management Framework for Kenya integrates disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and sustainable development, so that they are pursued as mutually supportive rather than stand-alone goals. It promotes an integrated climate risk management approach as a central part of policy and planning at National and County levels. Kenya’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) (2020): Kenya’s NDC under the Paris Agreement of the UNFCCC includes mitigation and adaptation contributions. In regard to adaptation, “Kenya will ensure enhanced resilience to climate change towards the attainment of Vision 2030, by mainstreaming climate change into Medium Term Plans (MTPs), and implementing adaptation actions. Compared to Kenya’s first NDC target of 30 % emission reduction, the updated NDC commits to Abate GHG emissions by 32%by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario of 143 MtCO2eq; and in line with our sustainable development agenda and national circumstances. National Climate Finance Policy (2018): The National Climate Finance Policy promotes the establishment of legal, institutional, and reporting frameworks for access to, and management of climate finance. The goal of the policy is to further Kenya’s national development goals through enhanced mobilization of climate finance that contributes to low carbon climate resilient development 9 goals. This Policy establishes the legal, institutional and reporting frameworks to access and manage climate finance, consistent with the institutional structures and framework set out in the Climate Change Act, 2016. Climate Change Act (No. 11 of 2016): The Climate Change Act (No. 11 of 2016) is the first comprehensive legal framework for climate change governance in Kenya. The objective of the Act is to “Enhance climate change resilience and low carbon development for sustainable development of Kenya.” The Act establishes the National Climate Change Council (Section 5), Climate Change Directorate (Section 9), and Climate Change Fund (Section 25). National Adaptation Plan (2015-2030) (NAP): Kenya’s National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030 (NAP) was submitted to the UNFCCC in 2017. The aim of NAP is to consolidate the country’s vision on adaptation supported by macro-level adaptation actions that relate with the economic sectors and county level vulnerabilities to enhance long term resilience and adaptive capacity. National Climate Change Framework Policy (2018): The National Climate Change Framework Policy aims at ensuring the integration of climate change considerations into planning, budgeting, implementation, and decision-making at the National and County levels, and across all sectors. The National Policy for the Sustainable Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands: The goal of the policy is to facilitate and fast-track sustainable development in Northern Kenya and other arid lands by increasing investment in the region and ensuring that the use of those resources is fully reconciled with the realities of people’s lives. It focuses on climate resilience requiring the government to find solutions to address climate challenges and to come up with measures to manage drought and strengthen livelihoods. The policy also focuses on an enabling environment for accelerated investments in “foundations” to reduce poverty and build resilience and growth. The County Governments Act, 2012: The Act states that a county government shall plan within a framework that integrates economic, physical, social, environmental and spatial planning, protect and develop natural resources in a manner that aligns national and county government policies. Environment and climate change is a function of the national and county government and requires concurrent jurisdiction across both levels.

2.2 County Enabling Legal & Policy Framework This Plan focuses on appropriate mechanisms to enhance climate resilience and adaptive capacity, and the transition to low carbon growth. Climate governance determines success of climate actions and is a key component of climate financing (Odhengo et al., 2019). Effective climate change governance in the context of climate financing requires strong political leadership, technical knowledge, policy coherence and stakeholder engagement (Worker, 2017). The current Turkana County Annual Development Plan (CADP) 2020/2021 outlines key climate action areas including: public sensitization on climate change adaptation and mitigation, building climate resilience among the community members, training technical staff on fundraising, mainstreaming stakeholders’ engagement in climate actions, establishing early warning committees and formulating legal frameworks on climate change. Climate change governance at the county, sub-county and the wards is well stipulated in the various sectoral laws and policies such as Turkana County Climate Change Policy, Act and Regulation. In Turkana County, climate change is domiciled in the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, Natural Resources and Climate Change under the directorate of the Climate Change. The County Government of 10 Turkana has established county climate change committees and the ward climate change committees at the village level under the name of ward climate change adaptation committee. Other relevant policies include Turkana County Water, Sanitation Services Sector Strategic Plan 2017-2021; The Turkana County Water and Sewerage Services Sector Policy, 2016; Turkana County Disaster Risk Management Policy, 2017; Turkana County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) II, 2018-2022 and County Annual Development Plan (CADP) 2020/2021, Sector Plans and County Coordination Development Policy (NDC, 2020). County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs) present an opportunity to identify climate change priorities and actions at the county level, and to integrate these actions in programmes and initiatives. Under the County Governments Act (2012), CIDPs must have clear outcomes, monitoring and evaluation, and reporting mechanisms. In addition, CIDPs must set out a resource mobilization and management structure. The mandatory requirement for development of sectoral plans allows room for detailed analysis of climate change priorities and investment needs at the county level 3. Priority Climate Change Actions 2023-2027 The County Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP 2023-2027) takes cognisance of the impacts of climate change on Turkana’s livelihood system and socioeconomic sectors. It identifies strategic areas where climate action over the next five years is linked to the counties’ development agenda, recognising that climate change is likely to limit the achievement objectives under the CIDP. Adaptation actions are prioritised in CCCAP 2013-2027 because of the devastating impacts of droughts and floods, and the negative effects of climate change on vulnerable groups, including women, older members of society, persons with disabilities, children, youth, and members of minority and marginalised communities. These actions will be undertaken, where possible, in a way to limit GHG emissions to ensure that the country achieves its NDC under the Paris Agreement to reduce GHG emissions by 30% by 2030 relative to the business-as- usual scenario of 143 MtCO2e. The Turkana County Climate Change Action Plan will contribute to achieving sustainable development benefits. These actions will benefit vulnerable groups through direct and indirect benefits, such as increased agricultural productivity and improved water accessibility. CCAP 2023-2027 actions provide benefits for women through access to clean cooking, climate smart agriculture, green technologies, and forest restoration and agroforestry actions that provide energy and water sources. The priority climate change actions in this Action Plan reflect input received from National and County Governments; vulnerable groups including women, youth, persons with disabilities, and members of marginalised and minority communities; private sector; civil society; and sector experts. These climate change actions are mainstreamed in the Country Integrated Development Plans and the County Annual Development Plans to ensure that strategic climate change actions are taken up across the county and in all relevant sectors. 11

3.1 Identification of strategic climate action priorities in the PCRA Through the Participatory Climate Risk Vulnerability assessment, various strategic climate actions priorities that will improve adaptation and mitigation from 2023 to 2027 have been identified. These priority actions: enable all sectors to take action to achieve climate change adaptation and mitigation objectives; Support achievement of the county development goals as outlined in the CIDP; enhance the adaptive capacity and resilience of communities, with an emphasis on vulnerable groups within society; recommend actions that limit GHG emissions to ensure that the county meets its mitigation as provided in the NDC; and enables actions to be undertaken in an integrated manner that address several priorities. The priority climate change actions are summarized in the table below. Table 1: Priority climate change actions Priorities Objectives Disaster Risk (Floods and Drought) Reduce risks to communities and infrastructure resulting from climate- Management related disasters such as droughts and floods. Food and Nutrition Security Increase food and nutrition security through enhanced productivity and resilience of the agricultural sector in as low-carbon a manner as possible. Water and the Blue Economy Enhance resilience of the water sector by ensuring access to and efficient use of water for agriculture, manufacturing, domestic, wildlife and other uses. Forestry, Wildlife and Tourism Iincrease forest cover to 10% of total land area; rehabilitate degraded lands, including rangelands; increase resilience of the wildlife and tourism sector. Health, Sanitation and Human Reduce incidence of waterborne diseases, malaria and other diseases Settlements expected to increase because of climate change; promote climate resilient buildings and settlements, including urban centers, ASALs and coastal areas; and encourage climate- resilient solid waste management. Energy and Transport Climate-proof energy and transport infrastructure; promote renewable energy development; increase uptake of clean cooking solutions; and develop sustainable transport systems. Human Mobility Reduced risks related to immigration Pastoralism and Agropastoralism Reduced exposure to climate change impacts on pastoral and agro pastoral community members

3.2 Priority County Climate Change Actions

3.2.1 Water Sector Water insecurity as a result of climate change impacts poses significant threats to livelihood systems in Turkana. Given the fragile environment resulting from climate change impacts, water reservoir systems, water quality, and water supply infrastructure remain vulnerable to prolonged drought incidences. Higher temperatures lead to more rapid evaporation, which could affect access to surface water for irrigation, household use, and livestock production. This effect could also lead to the persistence of moisture deficits for longer periods. Reducing vulnerability to these and other water- related hazards would reduce risks to investments and production, and hence would contribute to poverty reduction. Some priority climate change actions include:  Invests in community-led protection of water resources  Develops and implement a comprehensive waste management policy and strategy to reduce pressure on the environment and ecosystems 12  Conserves protected areas to withstand increasing pressures and effects of changing climate  Sustainably develops, maintain and monitor water resources

3.2.2 Priority Actions on Pastoralism This assessment has found out that climate change, in combination with existing political, environmental and economic development challenges in Turkana, has had an impact on the Turkana people's ability to access food, water, health and security. The effects of climate change in Turkana include unpredictable rainfall, extreme rainfall, frequent and prolonged dry spells, and increased daytime temperatures. Climate hazards that have been observed in the county include drought, floods, and intense rainfall. Some priority climate change actions include:  Increase livestock productivity and production in a sustainable manner  Provide a framework for funding climate change response initiatives issues  Selective breeding of drought tolerant species,  Capacity building on breeding to increase production, offtake of less adapted species (destocking); enhancing indigenous knowledge, enhancing government intervention within Ward e.g., extension services/ research;  Enhancing vaccinations across county; early warning systems (surveillance) and communication infrastructure e.g., Safaricom, telecommunication lines  Using early warning systems, early destocking, constructing modernized meat- processing unit within the county;  Improving transport infrastructure (climate-smart roads) and mapping grazing routes for early access;  Mapping dry grazing areas for ease of access and increasing bulking areas within the county

3.2.3 Agropastoralism Agropastoralism is among the main source of livelihood in Turkana County. It creates more than 50% of household incomes and employs more than 40% of the population. Most farmers rely on pastoralism and rain-fed agriculture. This makes them more vulnerable to climate change and variability. The effects of climate change in Turkana County include unpredictable rainfall, extreme rainfall, frequent and prolonged dry spells, and increased daytime temperatures. Climate hazards that have been observed in the county include drought, floods, and intense rainfall. These hazards pose a growing threat to the agricultural sector. Drought and heat stress are major threats to the county that often result in loss of pasture, starving livestock, drying water sources, and conflict among pastoralists over resources. On farm adaptation strategies include conservation agriculture, rainwater harvesting, fodder conservation, and planting early-maturing and drought-tolerant crops as well as drought-resistant and high-value livestock breeds. Off-farm adaptation strategies include education and research on climate smart agriculture practices, early warning systems and climate-based advisories, extension services, livestock and crop insurance, afforestation, and reforestation. Women and youth contribute significantly to certain value chains. It is therefore important to promote the involvement of women and youth, and support their economic gains, decision-making powers, and participation. Inadequate resources and poor coordination between different institutions has undermined Turkana County’s ability to adapt to climate change. The establishment of community action groups and the support of 13 governmental institutions and stakeholders has empowered Turkana’s farmers to help protect the environment and use natural resources sustainably. Adaptation Strategies and Priorities include:  Strengthening disaster risk management Helping communities adapt to climate change Fortifying communities against climate hazards  Mobilizing climate change-related finance  Recommending adaptations that minimize risks and maximizing opportunities  Providing effective policy and a legal and institutional framework to combat climate change  Establishing cold chains for vaccines in each sub-county; employing/ deploying more government veterinary officers;  Increase number of community disease reporters, and vaccination Programmes;  On-farm feed formulation and capacity building for farmers on better feeding Programmes;  Constructing chicken houses suitable for dry areas and enhancing capacity built

3.2.4 Priority Actions and Strategies on Health, Sanitation and Human Settlement Within the constraints of current knowledge, the government has identified malaria and water-borne diseases (such as cholera and typhoid), as some of the health impacts that are likely to grow due to climate change (WHO, 2010). Climate change increases risks for human health by impacting human settlements. Towns in Turkana and the built environment concentrate populations, economic activities and built environments, thus increasing the risk of flooding, heat waves, and other climate and other weather hazards. The most affected populations are the urban poor who tend to live along river banks, on flood plains, near polluted grounds, in unstable structures vulnerable to collapse in heavy rains, and along waterfronts. This is especially true in informal settlements and other low-income areas, where high population density and lack of infrastructure aggravates these problems. Improving the resilience of the built environment in human settlements is needed including flood control, green building technologies, and waste management. The assessment recommends that the county:  Establishes an effective early warning system and preparedness to save lives and protect assets;  Establishes a social protection mechanism including Insurance-based solutions to make the population better able to cope with shocks;  Improve the health care system to improve resilience and build capacity to prepare for climate change-induced health emergencies;  Ensure equity by providing targeted gender interventions and specific measures to protect vulnerable populations in all sectors, including the prevention of gender- based violence (GBV);  Ensure a conducive policy environment that will facilitate the creation of green jobs.  Scale-up community level interventions, with an emphasis on women as community health workers, on malaria control country-wide  Flood ways (manmade channels to divert flood water) constructed in select urban centers  Improve the surveillance and monitoring of climate related diseases. 14  Track the health impacts of the transition to clean cooking  Develop county/ ward-based waste management plans and regulations that are consistent with the National Waste Management Strategy and other relevant policies  Develop policy for green building, and green building codes and regulations that account for climate information  Enforce laws on urban planning and storm water management in urban areas – desilting of drainage, riparian protection

3.2.5 Priority Strategies and Actions on Disaster Risk Management (Drought and Flood) Prolonged droughts lead to crop failure, shrinking of productive crop areas, and loss of livestock leading to reduced food security and increased malnutrition with impacts particularly for pregnant women, lactating mothers, children and the elderly. Droughts increase water scarcity with negative impacts for communities, especially for women and girls who have to travel long distances for water and have less water for hygiene. Droughts mean that women work harder to feed and care for their families, and women take up roles that used to be the preserve of men, who often migrate to take up paid work in urban areas. Droughts have negative impacts on pastoralists in the ASALs, including livestock deaths due to lack of forage and water, and increases in insecurity and conflicts within Kenya and across national borders. Many pastoralists keep large livestock herds for cultural reasons, but also to cushion against the adversities of drought, that can have negative impacts on rangeland management. A significant number of people from marginalized and minority groups in the ASALs rely on emergency assistance in times of drought. Droughts negatively impact businesses through reduced water for manufacturing processes, increased costs of inputs in the agro-processing sector, and increased prices for electricity as hydropower declines and is replaced by diesel generators. Floods have more immediate, and often large-scale impacts. Persons with disabilities and the elderly are particularly at-risk during floods and disasters because they may be left behind or abandoned during evacuation. The priority climate actions promote a proactive, rather than reactive, approach to climate related disasters. The actions work to ensure that disasters are curtailed, do not result in emergencies, and build the capacity of people to cope with the impacts of climate change. The actions include flood and drought early warning systems including at the community level, improved social protection Programmes for chronically food insecure populations, implementation of flood management plans. County Climate Change Funds for locally-identified priority adaptation actions, and community-level capacity building to raise awareness and educate on disaster management and flood hazards. In particular, women, as central players in disaster response, are provided with resources and support to carry out these roles effectively. Priority adaptation actions include:  Increase number of households and entities benefiting from devolved adaptive services. This can be achieved by ensuring that: Number of beneficiaries of social protection mechanisms and other safeguards (under the Hunger Safety Net Programme) increased, and Number of households better able to cope with climate change because of receiving benefit from County Climate Change Funds increased  Ensure that the County Climate Change Funds address local adaptation priorities that are identified and monitored by community committees comprised of women and men. 15  Improve Drought early warning systems, including the promotion of people-centered systems at the county levels.  Develop effective climate information system  Flood early warning systems improved, taking advantage of widespread access to mobile technology that provides an avenue for disseminating information.  Develop a floods management strategy/ plan for the wards/ county  Improve the coordination of disaster risk management (including floods, droughts, disease outbreaks, landslides and other disasters) by enacting and implementing the Disaster Risk Management Act  Expertise developed to customize and manage satellite generated vegetation condition index used for drought early warning and response  Research on migration as an adaptation strategy

3.2.6 Priority Strategies and Actions on Infrastructure Climate change will affect infrastructure provision and operation, with the severity of these effects depending on the overall emissions pathway and decisions resulting in increased exposure of assets and maladaptation. Demand for infrastructure services is projected to go up, for example, changing patterns of demand driven by climate change, such as increased energy; demand for air-conditioning during drought seasons; or increased water demand for irrigation. It is expected that there will be increased demand for protective infrastructure, such as buffer zones to address rising lake levels. There will be a need for the provision of infrastructure services, for example, increased cost of supply, as climate change may increase the costs of providing the same level of service (e.g., larger reservoirs needed to address more variable precipitation) Infrastructure specifically designed to reduce vulnerability to climate variability (e.g., flood control structures and decentralized energy systems) and general public health infrastructure (e.g., sanitation facilities, wastewater treatment systems, laboratory buildings) enhance adaptive capacity. However, infrastructure (mainly if immovable) can be adversely affected by climate, especially in extreme events such as floods. Current settlement trends in the county lead to unplanned development, including in areas with significant and increased levels of natural risks such as flood-prone areas, wetlands, and lakeshores. To address the problem, the study recommends the following measures:  Develop a comprehensive digitalized spatial plan for the whole county to control and prevent development in unsafe areas and reduce the vulnerability of settlement areas.  Partner with the private sector to provide safe and affordable housing solutions in the county  Work with the private sector to strengthen the quality and availability of affordable local construction and building materials industry.  Assess the efficiency of the rental market and work to ensure that it meets the needs of the extremely poor.  Upgrade informal settlements for current and future risks by adopting a passive planning approach for in situ upgrading of the settlements. 16 Table 2: A summary of priority climate change actions identified in the ward consultations is provided in the table below. Adaptation Adaptation/ Mitigation Drought Forestry  Establishment of early warning systems  Afforestation, reforestation, tree planting  Livelihoods diversification  Agroforestry  Flood water harvesting  Reducing deforestation and forest degradation  Food and nutritional supplements (such as  Establishment of tree nurseries school feeding programmes)  School tree planting programs/ County tree planting days Flooding  Planned grazing and management of rangelands  Commercial wood lots  Establishment of early warning systems  Promote non-timber forest products  Protection of riparian areas along rivers  Introduction of new tree species Strategic placement of dams / dykes  Farmer-managed natural regeneration  Drainage systems for flood waters / flood water harvesting  Insurance systems Food security Crops Mitigation  Farm forestry / agroforestry Manufacturing  Drought tolerant crops  Climate smart agriculture  Regulations and laws for charcoal production  Establishment of irrigation systems, such as  Promotion of the briquette industry construction of dams for irrigation and up- scaling drip irrigation Energy  Improved agricultural extension services  Soil and water conservation / conservation  Renewable/green energy (wind, solar, biogas) agriculture  Promotion of efficient cookstoves  Water efficient technologies  Crop diversification Transport  Climate information services for farmers  Urban agriculture  Legal and policy instruments to promote high  Promotion of non-rain agricultural practices efficiency vehicles (greenhouse farming) Waste management Livestock  Waste to energy  Proper management of pasture lands /  Proper waste management – including recycling controlled grazing  Fodder banks Enabling  Drought-resistant breeds  Adoption of new animal husbandry techniques Education  Livestock insurance  Enhance community awareness Fisheries  Increase accessibility to learning materials and tools  Fish harvesting  Improve network reception  Fish farming  Synchronize school calendar with weather-  Controlled mangrove harvesting related events 17 Disaster management  Establish disaster response unit  Establish disaster management fund / recovery “kitty” for post-drought and post-flood Water Human settlements  Water harvesting  Proper planning of towns / county spatial  Dams, boreholes and water pans planning / land use planning  Spring / water catchment protection  Water storage  Water treatment  Capture of water run-off on roads  Management of ground waters Ecosystem degradation Human-wildlife conflict  Restore water catchment areas  Community sensitization  Soil conservation and erosion control (terracing, gabions) Conflict Resolution  Promote conservation of natural resources  Protection of wetlands  Strengthening of conflict resolution mechanisms  Rehabilitate degraded rivers Infrastructure Climate monitoring and information  Climate proof infrastructure – concrete poles,  Weather monitoring infrastructure bridges and dykes, roads Health Climate change regulatory framework  Vaccination / immunization campaigns  Establish institutional and legal frameworks for  Disease surveillance and reporting climate change  Mosquito nets  Establish climate change fund / ward  Promote family planning development funds to address local problems 18 4. Delivery Mechanisms for CCAP

4.1 Enabling Factors A range of crosscutting enabling actions are required to implement the adaptation and mitigation actions set out in the priority climate change areas described in Chapter 3. These enabling actions equip the county government and stakeholders with the finance, knowledge, skills and technologies needed to deliver and report on adaptation and mitigation actions. The crosscutting enabling actions described in this section include:  Enabling policy and regulation;  Mainstreaming in the CIDP;  Multi-Stakeholder participation processes;  Finance - County Climate Change Fund  Governance - County Government Structures  Governance - Climate Change Planning Committees  Climate Information Services & Climate Data Access  Resilience Planning Tools  Measurement, Reporting and Verification  Institutional roles and responsibilities

4.1.1 Enabling Policy and Regulation Various sectoral laws and policies such as Turkana County Climate Change Policy, Act and Regulation 2021have been developed by the County Government of Turkana to provide the legislative basis for specific actions to enhance the sub-county capability to address climate change challenges and exploit emerging opportunities. This complex undertaking forms a foundation for the attainment of low carbon climate-resilient development, and sets the basis for climate change mainstreaming at ward levels. Turkana county government has undertaken various interventions to ensure coordinated implementation of climate change responses and action plans. The establishment and training of ward and county climate change committees helps in having institutional coordination mechanism with strategic convening power to enhance the inter-sectoral response to climate change. The planning process highlights technical and institutional frameworks that guide climate change action plans and functional implementation of climate change legal obligations of the national, county governments and the sub-county offices. These plans observe the requirements for gender equality mandated by the 2010 constitution. The adoption of a gender mainstreaming approach involves assessing the implications for children, youth, women and men and vulnerable groups within the County to achieve gender equality.

4.1.2 Mainstreaming in the CIDP Climate change has been mainstreamed in the CIDP and other county development plans among them the County Annual Development Plans. In pursuit of achieving inclusive and sustainable development across the County, the Turkana CIDP III has mainstreamed cross cutting issues such as gender, disability, youth and climate change as well as integrated the Bottom-up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA) priorities. The CIDP III key priorities include to improve access to health services; 19 increase crop and livestock production and productivity; enhance access to ECDE; increase access to potable water; increase the road, transport and communication network; and strengthen the cooperative movement.

4.1.3 Multi-Stakeholder Participation Processes Various stakeholders are expected to support in implementing the ward climate change action plans and addressing climate change, including: Public: The public play a role in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of climate change interventions, with an emphasis on enhancing adaptive capacity and improving ability to withstand climate shocks. Private sector: The private sector needs to focus on building resilience and adapting to climate change, while identifying and acting on both risks and opportunities. Strengthened engagement with the government will enable the private sector to help with the implementation of the ward climate change action plan. The private sector can help to improve adaptive capacity by ensuring that businesses activities in the region are resilient to climate change impacts. The existing local private sectors and individual partners should be linked with key private sector entities to partner in ward climate change adaption investments particularly in the beef, agricultural, water, irrigation, trade, and tourism sectors. This will contribute to increased public-private partnership for improved economic growth and resilience to climate change. Public Benefit Organizations: This includes INGOs, NGOs, CSOs, FBOs, amongst others. They have been involved in climate change activities in the county and sub-county and play important roles in the areas of adaptation activities, education, training and public awareness related to climate change, public awareness creation, policy research and analysis, and advocacy on key socio-economic issues including climate change. Specifically, they support capacity building of pastoralists in project identification, design, implementation and management, assist in provision of material and financial support to pastoralists and those in environmental conservation; provide forestry and farm inputs and train members on new technologies and innovation, savings, credit, and marketing. Vulnerable groups within society: This group includes women, older members of society, persons with disabilities, children, youth, migrants, refugees, and members of minority or marginalized communities. They are engaged through an inclusive approach to climate change action. Due to inequities and disparities, these groups face disproportionate climate impacts. Climate change actions will be delivered in a way that accounts for the unique needs of these groups. Women: Gender equality is a critical component of the County/ Ward Climate Change Action Plan and women will be engaged through planning, implementation, and monitoring of climate change interventions. Youth: Engagement of youth will be encouraged through schools, post-secondary institutions, and youth-focused organizations. Youth are agents of change and have influence on the broader community through their families. They will be engaged through climate change actions, and the development and implementation of plans. Pastoralists and fisher communities: These groups are a critical and efforts must be put in place to ensure they participate in the planned activities. The livelihoods of these 20 communities are at risk because of climate change thus the need to involve them in adaption actions. Migrants and refugees: These groups are very vulnerable to climate change impacts. They face challenges accessing basic needs such as food and water which are impacted on by climate change. Their involvement in climate change committees is very important in enhancing Addressing climate change effects. Academia and research institutions: Researchers help to provide the evidence and science for knowledge-based decision making by the stakeholders through research on different aspects of climate change. Some research institutions in Turkana include: the University of Nairobi and Oxford University REACH Programme, currently leading research in Climate change, the Turkana University, and colleges. Media: The media provides vital information at times of emergency and will play a critical role in early warning and dissemination of climate information. Accurate, timely, and relevant information is a critical component of resilience and appropriate climate change action. State Parastatals: State Parastatals such as National Drought Management Authority (NDMA), Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD), Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS), National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), and Kenya Forest Services (KFS) play very significant roles in addressing climate change impacts. These institutions will support the county Government of Turkana in addressing some of the climate change issues highlighted in the WCCAP. Financial Institutions: Climate actions are substantially expensive investments that demand significant financing. Banks, Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies and Mobile Banking Services will provide financial support to pastoralists and help them save their money and access credit. Financial institutions in Turkana County include Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB), Cooperative Bank, Equity bank, Post Bank, farmer SACCOs and cooperatives such as Ukulima, and Safaricom (Mpesa) outlets. These financial institutions act as channels for accessing money in support of the vulnerable people. SACCOs and Cooperatives enhance income-generating opportunities by enabling the poor to save and establish a buffer against shocks, thus reducing vulnerability and poverty. Linkages with climate change funding institutions would be very important. Some of these institutions include and are not limited to: IOM, UNDP, UNEP, UNICEF, GEF, USAID, WFP, GIZ, FAO, Mercy Corps, Practical Action, TROCAIRE, global adaptation fund, climate justice and resilient funds, World Bank, African Development Bank, International Monetary Fund, and Green Climate Fund.

4.1.4 Finance - County Climate Change Fund Effective climate change responses call for robust financial mechanisms, including public and private facilities that are available at local, national and multilateral levels. Climate actions are substantially ex- pensive investments that demand significant financing. To effectively mitigate and build community resilience against climate change impacts, adequate financing is required to promote large-scale application and replication of various climate change programmes in the county. The County Government of Turkana has established Turkana County Climate Change Fund for financing climate change actions and has committed a minimum of 2% (percent) of the county annual development budget to the Fund climate change adaptation and mitigation. The CCCF mechanism offers a robust approach to mobilize financing from diverse sources to support local climate actions (Odhengo et al., 21 2019). It does not only facilitate the flow of climate finance to county governments but also empower locals through strengthening public participation in the use of those funds and build their climate resilience. The mechanism aims to help identify, prioritise and facilitate finance investments for reducing climate risks while achieving adaptation priorities. A wide scope of national and multilateral climate financing facilities exists for Turkana County to explore to support Turkana County; including the Green Climate Fund (GCF), Adaptation Fund (AF), and Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) for Financing Environmental Solutions among others. Currently, the county is a beneficiary of Government Financing Locally–Led Climate Action Program (G-FLLoCA) derived from the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) with a strong county lens, looking at both enabling environment activities and a system of incentives for local climate action. The objective of the G-FLLoCA is to strengthen local resilience to the impact of climate change, natural hazards, and other shocks/stressors by building the country’s capacity to plan, implement, and monitor resilience investments in partnership with county governments and communities. As an important component of climate financing, various civil society organizations have invested and financed climate actions, particularly at project and program levels in Turkana County. These have made significant contributions in addressing climate risks and vulnerabilities in Turkana County. Among such institutions include Trócaire, Child Fund Kenya, Kenya Climate Change Working Group (KCCWG), Inter-Religious Council of Kenya, World Vision. Such project-based financing of climate actions plays important comple-mentary roles to support the efforts and investment by the county and national government in Turkana County. Leveraging private sector investment in climate actions is an equally important climate financing window. Several private sector initiatives exist such as: Centre for Energy Efficiency and Conservation at the Kenya Association of Manufacturers; Grassroots Business Fund; Kenya Climate Innovation Centre; Kenya Green Energy Foundation; Regional Technical Assistance Programme, and Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund. Such initiatives provide wider opportunities for investment and financing innovative climate actions (Trócaire, 2020)

4.1.5 Governance - County Government Structures In Turkana County, climate change is domiciled in the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, Natural Resources and Climate Change under the Directorate of Climate Change. The county government has established the Turkana County Climate Change Policy, Act and Financial Regulation (2021) that guide implementation of climate change activities. Further, the county government has established climate change committees at the ward levels to support in planning, implementation and sourcing of funds for climate change activities. In regard to implementation of climate change actions and implementation of the climate change action plans, the county government is responsible for integrating and mainstreaming climate change into CIDPs, designating a County Executive Committee Member (CECM) member to coordinate climate change affairs, and reporting on the implementation of climate change on an annual basis. County governments are expected to establish Climate Change Units, led by the CECM member responsible for climate change that will oversee the implementation of climate change actions stipulated in the 2023-2027 CIDPs. There are a number of people and institutions involved in the implementation of the climate change policy. Coordination between various partners and institutions is very important for higher adaptive capacity. Poor coordination and management can increase vulnerability and Stakeholders can’t work 22 in isolation as climate change is cross-cutting. Some of the stakeholders leading climate change governance at the sub-county level include:  Office of the Governor – The governor chairs the County Climate Change Steering Committee whose functions are to assist in mainstreaming of the county climate change matters into county planning and development matters.  The County Climate Change Steering Committee – Works hand in hand with the Governor to ensure promulgated laws, regulations, policies, or guidelines are well achieved so that climate change matters are well addressed. Constitutes of the Governor, Deputy Governor, Executive committee members in charge of county treasury, CEC, representative from county assembly, representatives from various sensitive climate sensitive areas.  Climate Change Directorate – Ensures that the policies adopted by the steering committee and laws passed by the assembly on climate change are well implemented. This team is within the department where climate change is domiciled.  County Climate Change Planning Committee (CCCPC) – This committee is responsible for the formulation and implementation of climate change response projects within the county. The committee links ward climate change planning committee, steering committee, and climate change directorate. This committee is comprised representatives from ward committee, NGOs and Community Based Organizations.  Ward Climate Change Planning Committees – These committees are tasked with implementation of the proposed climate change response projects as advised by the County Climate Change Planning Committee. They present proposals for activities or plans relevant to the wards to CCCPC for escalation to the steering committee for approval and funding.  Other stakeholders – Media for education and public awareness; INGOs, NGOs, Community Based Organizations, FBOs, CSOs, the local community members. Functions of ward planning committees 1. Coordinate and mobilize communities and other stakeholders in the ward to design and implement climate change response activities 2. Hold consultative meetings with communities and relevant government sectors, planners, agencies and local organizations 3. Participate in livelihood and resilience assessment to enable different community groups identify challenges arising from increasing climate variability 4. Facilitate research and knowledge management at the ward level on climate change issues 5. Facilitate public education, awareness, and capacity building 6. Prepare project proposals and submit them to the county planning committee for consideration and approval 7. Participate in county planning and budgeting processes to ensure climate change is mainstreamed 23 8. Facilitate public participation in climate change governance, implementation of activities and monitoring of activities

4.1.6 Climate Information Services & Climate Data Access Provision of easily accessible, timely and decision-relevant climate information can help the society to cope with current climate variability and change; and in turn prevent or limit the economic and social damage caused by climate-related disasters. The ability of the County to respond effectively to climate change is dependent on its ability to understand and assess the vulnerability and impacts. Information management involves development of appropriate systems and processes for climate related data collection and processing, public participation input, data storage and utilization. Access, on the other hand, deals with the ease with which the information that has been collected or processed is disseminated and made accessible to the relevant stakeholders for their action. There are data gaps on climate change issues therefore generating evidence to inform decisions and prioritization for climate financing is a great challenge. Most programmes on climate change are scattered given the lack of synergies and harmonization of efforts across various private and public institutions working on adaptation programmes in various counties in Kenya due to lack of a coordination mechanism. Climate change funding gaps and governance of the funds have remained an issue which can be addressed with the help of private players, especially global financial institutions. In this regard, exploring all available choices of suitable channels is also very imperative. Other challenges include lack of reliable data on private flows of climate change funds to the county, sub-counties, wards, and villages. There is inadequate local information on how climate change elements such as temperature rise, change in precipitation, extreme weather events and other seasonal shifts will affect phenomena such as floods, droughts, water shortages, human health risks, and habitat loss. Limited information regarding the county’s vulnerability to climate change impacts is a major gap given lack of comprehensive climate change risk and vulnerability assessment. This is also true regarding the knowledge level of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions and mitigation capacity (carbon-dioxide absorption/sequestration capacity) of key natural resources such as rangelands. The level of understanding of climate change and its impacts is quite low in the county. This calls for a focused awareness campaign that simplifies the science and impacts of climate change in a language that is more understandable to the pastoralists and others living in rural areas in Turkana West Sub- County and Turkana County in general. There is also inadequate data on the current and future climate change risks and as such it is insufficient to draw conclusions for climate change analysis and acts as an impediment in developing and implementing proper adaptation measures. Turkana County Government through its policies aims to advance climate information services and access to climate data by: Creating a framework for the provision of climate information services; Supporting development and use of indigenous knowledge to compliment the conventional system in weather and climate information gathering and use; Establishing infrastructure for data collection, monitoring and early warning systems; Packaging and communicating climate information using appropriate channels for different audiences; and Providing gender-sensitive early warning and alerts of extreme weather and climate events such as droughts and floods, for the safety of life and optimization of weather and climate dependent natural resources.

4.1.7 Resilience Planning Tools Improving climate resilience involves assessing how climate change will create new, or alter current, climate-related risks, and taking steps to better cope with these risks. The County Government of 24 Turkana will apply various tools to plan, budget, implement and monitor resilience investments in a way that promotes collaborative partnerships between communities, national and county governments.

4.1.8 Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) The County Climate Change Directorate (CCCD) is responsible for MRV of WCCAP 2022-2027. Through the Turkana County Climate Change Act, 2021 and Turkana County Climate Change Fund Regulation 2021, the CCCD is responsible for assessing the performance of climate change projects towards contribution to sustainable development. The directorate plays a role in formulating a framework strategy on climate change to serve as the basis for MRV of activities on climate change. The directorates’ review will utilize reports from county government departments, as well as inputs from relevant stakeholders. Important stakeholders in the review process include private sector, academia, women, youth, and minority and marginalized groups including pastoralists, hunter gatherers, and fisher communities. The Measuring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system will focus on demonstrating that investment in adaptation and mitigation actions leads to real climate results and development benefits. The MRV process will further track implementation and results of WCCAP 2022-2027, and climate finance raised to deliver on the plan. This will provide the evidence base for planning and implementing future actions, seeking support for funding. Monitoring and Evaluation: The Turkana County Government will develop an implementation strategy for the CCAP. The Strategy will include a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework with critical milestones over the next five-year period as well as an annual implementation plan. The M&E Framework is linked to the planned outcomes and outputs of the Strategy and is instrumental in ensuring the full implementation of the CCAP by the various stakeholders involved. The M&E Framework shall specify performance indicators and targets for each priority action, and propose accountability mechanisms

4.1.9 Financial Requirements The County Climate Change Directorate (CCAD) will require approximately KES 222 million annually to carry out its duties and functions to ensure effective coordination and delivery of CCCAP 2023- 2027. This funding will enable CCCD officials to participate in national, international discussions and negotiations on climate change funding; build capacity of Turkana County Government ministries and departments, and other stakeholders; develop regulations and guidelines; mobilise and track climate finance to deliver CCCAP 2023-2027; and monitor and report on climate actions. 25

4.1.10 Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Table 3: Table showing institutions and their roles INSTITUTIONS/ SECTOR ROLES AND ACTIVITIES PLATFORMS  Provides extension services, inputs such as seed, vaccination of livestock, dissemination of appropriate technologies  Cross-border vaccination along the migratory routes  Promotion of pasture production and improved range management along migratory routes/cross border. Agriculture & Ministry of  Plays the role of coordinating the various stakeholders at the food security Agriculture county level  Provides policy support,  Promotes climate-smart technologies such as solar powered irrigation  Dissemination of the Early Warning System (EWS) information in collaboration with KMD, NDMA, and the community  Provision of climate information to the agriculture sector to enable scenario planning and early warning Kenya Climate Change  Installation of rain gauges and rainfall, temperatures wind data Meteorological Information collection Department Services  Early warning of impeding disasters droughts, heavy rains & (KMD) flooding  Integration of traditional and scientific weather forecasts  Management and regulation e.g., to avoid over abstraction upstream Water Resource  Issuing of water abstraction permits and collecting water use Authority (WRA) fees.  Capacity building of Water Resource User Associations  Community based associations for collective management of Water Resources water resources and resolution of conflicts concerning the use User Associations of water resources along the migratory routes. (WRUA) include  Roles include: Protection of catchment areas; Capacity building customary of water users; Provision of water and sewerage in rural area; association Management and maintenance of water and sewerage systems in rural area; Sensitization and awareness to users Water, Health and Sanitation  Water Service Providers (WSPs) is under the responsibility of Sector county governments who have the mandate to provide water Rural Water services. Services Provider  WSPs are responsible for provision of water services within the area specified in their licenses and development of county assets.  County water department mandated to lead policy development & legislation  Oversight of water service delivery  Sector leadership County Water  Financing Department  Provision & maintenance of water & sewerage services in urban centers  Infrastructural development  Capacity building Water Service Providers (WSPs) 26 Ministry of Health  Coordination of WASH programmes in the county and Sanitation  Capacity building of communities in water and sanitation  Payment for Water Services  Public Participation in policy and legislative development, Water Users implementation, Monitoring and evaluation Associations  Catchment management  Monitoring water resources  Environmental compliance enforcement  Tasked with guiding and overseeing enforcement of the NEMA legislation on the environment such distance allowed from a water body for settlement or cultivation  Promotes measures to conserve soil and water especially in riparian areas NDMA  Enhance environmental education and public awareness  Finances implementation of climate change action plans  Proper management of the environment within the county for which it is appointed; County  Develop a county strategic environmental action plan every five Environment years; Committee  Oversight role in environmental management activities being undertaken by the lead agencies  Ensure environmental monitoring / compliance Environment  Facilitates implementation of government policy,  mandated to develop, manage and protects Gazetted forests  Protect the forests and promote tree planting in collaboration KFS with other stakeholders.  Promotes agro-forestry and providing technical advice on conservation matters.  Conduct research in Forestry and allied natural resources  Disseminate research findings and technologies KEFRI  Establish partnerships and cooperate with other research organizations and institutions of higher learning in joint research and training.  KWS is involved in management of wildlife and conducting trainings on the importance of conserving wildlife KWS  Deals with human wildlife conflict migration  Compensate for human, livestock and crop damages Lands, Physical  Encourage climate mitigation by of renewable energy sources Planning, Urban like solar, wind power Areas Management,  Promotion of fuel-efficient cook stoves for rural households and Infrastructure Housing and institutions Energy, Ministry of Energy (Renewable Energy) KFS, NSA, 27  Planning and coordination stakeholders;  Identification tasks; CSG-Led by  Forum for resource mobilization; Coordination NDMA  Information sharing;  Technical working groups,  Regulation, supervision and Monitoring, internal audits  Provide financial resources, technical assistance, training and transfer of international experience  Complement government funding through various programmes CRS, DOL, Caritas, that improve food security and community resilience building – KfW, WFP, ILRI, through climate sensitive interventions eg water infrastructure CCAP-GIZ, DRP2- improvement to enhance livestock and agriculture productivity GIZ, FAO, World  Support relevant county departments, and local non- Bank, Mercy Corp, governmental organizations (NGOs) to implement climate Practical Action, change related programmes. TROCAIRE,  Advocate for proper management systems for all the water UNHCR, UNICEF infrastructure in the county for sustainability  Food for Asset (e.g., for water conservation measures for improved productivity)  Support to climate smart agriculture International Organizations  Train Turkana County Government officials on climate change mitigation and adaptation.  Introduce Migration Environment and Climate Change (MECC) thematic idea to Turkana County Government officials.  Support Turkana County Government on humanitarian border management. IOM UN Migration  Support Turkana County Government to incorporate human Agency mobility aspects into climate change and disaster risk reduction policies. Support Turkana County Government on strengthening programmes to prevent climate induced displacement such as: prevention and mitigation of natural resource-based conflicts, livelihood support to climate affected communities and emergency response for migrants displaced by climate change. LOKADO,  Local NGOs TUPADO, Kenya Commercial  Financial institutions act as channels for issuing government bank, Equity Bank, money for the vulnerable people. Financial Cooperative Bank Institutions and Mpesa Transfer Systems  The Private Sector acts as a source of agricultural and livestock Davis and Shirtliff, inputs, Solar Power and Private sector  Provides extension services and market to farmers. water equipment  Other suppliers of inputs are general dealer shops that are suppliers, Agrovets mostly found in urban areas. 28

4.2 Implementation and Coordination Mechanisms

4.2.1 Directorate of Climate Change The County Climate Change Directorate (CCCD) is responsible for the overall coordination of the implementation of this Sub-County/ Wards Climate Change Action Plan 2023-2027, including coordination and reporting on implementation of actions by partners. Section 2(13) of the Turkana County Climate Change Act, 2021, provides guidance on the role of the CCCD. Other committees responsible for the implementation and coordination of the CCCAP whose roles are defined in the Turkana County Climate Change Act include: County Climate Change Planning Committee; Ward Planning Committee; and County Climate Change Steering Committee 29

4.2 Implementation Matrix for CCCAP 2023-2027 Strategic Priority Actions Expected Outcome/ Key Performance Responsible Time Frame Source of Target Indicative Budget (KSh. Million) Objective Outputs Indicators Institutions Funds Groups Total 23/24 24/25 25/26 26/27 Agriculture Improved food security and strengthening communities’ livelihoods Improve crop 2023-2027 GoK/TC Farmers/ 240 48 48 48 48 / Food and productivity through the G/ Pastoralists/ Nutrition roll out of the Climate FLLoCA/ Private Smart Agriculture TCG Security DPs Producers/ actions Community  Introduction of agricultural activities GOK Based  Strengthen the capacity of smallholder farmers to undertake commercialized Organization agriculture in the county Partners s/ Small  Promotion of agricultural extension, research and development to improve farmer’s knowledge on crop production Scale and  Farm input subsidy and support to improve farmers’ resource capacity for improved Community Under crop production Privileged  Enhance horticultural crop diversification and farmers resilience through promotion Farmers of fruit trees and vegetables  Pest control and management to reduced pre-harvest loss through integrated pest management practices.  Establishment of restocking initiatives  Increase animals take off to reduce loss of livestock during drought  Introduction of and propagation of irrigation  Propagation of Farming activities  Kitchen gardening Irrigation and Land reclamation  Enhanced water use efficiency, increased crop and productivity through repair and improvement of irrigation technologies  Increase of land for crop and pasture production through mapping of potential areas, survey and design and construction of spate irrigation schemes. Human  Establish community land and natural resource management committees for the ward TCG GoK/TC Pastoralists/ 80 16 16 16 16 Mobility  Establish and capacity build grazing committees to guide and control grazing G/ Immigrants/ patterns FLLoCA/ Host GOK  Support the grazing committees in developing sustainable grazing plans for the DPs Communitie pastoralists s  Establish a community disaster preparedness committee to help in mobilizing Partners resources for disaster response  Establish livestock insurance schemes Community  Carry out trainings on rangeland management  Train local-level public servants on human mobility and migrants' rights  Establish livelihood diversification projects for the communities  Increase relief support during extreme drought situations  Establish cross-border peace building projects for the neighbouring communities to enhance peace and security  Need to establish livestock offtake programs in the area for pastoralists  Establish comprehensive measures to end livestock raiding and intercommunal violence, including incentives for individuals and communities to ensure peace and security  Map and offer support to the high at-risk communities, including indigenous communities and socially marginalized groups  Establish sub-county platforms/ forums on human mobility for the pastoralists to discuss their livelihood challenges  Provide alternative livelihood project to the high at-risk communities, including indigenous communities and socially marginalized groups 30  National ID card registration, through massive registration programme in collaboration with Huduma Center Provide Transhumance Certificates pastoralist when crossing IGAD member states borders (Uganda and South-Sudan) For people to move  Develop/update frameworks for planned relocation in a rights-based and participatory manner as a last resort option  Develop and implement plans that allow people to move across borders  Support to people who cannot return to the areas/ villages of origin  Develop regular migration pathways from climate vulnerable communities and disaster-prone areas  Develop and roll out targeted skills training in climate change-affected communities to support better migration outcomes  Integrate human mobility in CIDP, disaster risk reduction and development For people on the move  Facilitate the participation of migrants, displaced persons, and communities, especially the most vulnerable, in all climate actions  Factor in current disaster risk and future climate change impacts in human mobility programming for emergency preparedness, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation  Promote and roll out durable solutions for disaster displacement For people to stay  Facilitate the participation of migrants, displaced persons, and communities, especially the most vulnerable, in all climate actions  Facilitate the reintegration of returning migrants via “green reintegration” packages for climate change adaptation and mitigation  Develop climate resilient infrastructure in the face of natural hazards  Develop sustainable climate resilient livelihoods for populations at risk to support adaptation Disaster  Preparedness and Early Warning Programmes through EWS gathering, analysis and Reduce risks to TCG GoK/TC Persons with 120 24 24 24 24 Manageme dissemination and community sensitization on EWS communities and G/ disabilities; nt  Mitigation and Prevention Programmes through training, sensitization, vulnerability infrastructure FLLoCA/ Pastoral resulting from climate- GOK communities analysis, building codes, zoning and land use management, preventive health care DPs and exposures related disasters such in ASALs;  Response and emergency initiatives: Relief food and disaster assessments, Shelter as drought Partners Marginalised materials, search and rescue communities  Recovery and Rehabilitation by supporting rehabilitation and reconstruction of ; the elderly; livelihoods, infrastructure et Community Women and children. Livestock  Cross border livestock vaccination program Increase productivity in TCG GoK/TC 300 60 60 60 60  Proper management of pasture lands / controlled grazing the livestock sector G/  Introduce fodder banks GOK FLLoCA/  Drought-resistant breeds DPs Pastoralists/  New animal husbandry techniques Farmers;  Livestock insurance Partners Pastoral and  Development and improvement of livestock feeds through: agro-pastoral o pasture reseeding along migratory routes. communities Community in ASALs; o strategic livestock feed stores o purchase of supplementary livestock feeds Marginalised  Livestock diversification and breed improvement  Livestock risk management (restocking, off-take, response, water trucking, livestock insurance)  Rangeland management, pasture reseeding, seed bulking, hay production, resource conservation and mapping of wet and dry zones and migratory routes.  Establishment and Capacity building of grazing committees  Increase extension officers  Provision of animals’ feeds  Development of livestock value chain, market access, linkages and bench making/exposure for increased food, income and skills development  Livestock production extension services through sharing of technical information between professionals and end users 31 Vet Services  Establishment of Mass vaccination calendar of animals’ programmes  Vaccination and treatment and response to disease emergencies  Veterinary public health services through Improved control of zoonotic diseases Drought The climate-resilience of Adaptation TCG GoK/TC 180 36 36 36 36 and Flood Increase the number of households and entities benefiting from devolved adaptive services, the vulnerable members G/ Manageme including HSNP and CCCFs of society enhanced FLLoCA/ Number of GOK nt DPs Persons with beneficiaries of social disabilities; People better able to protection Partners Pastoral  Establishment of early warning systems cope with floods and mechanisms (food communities  Livelihoods diversification damage to infrastructure and cash transfers) in ASALs;  Flood water harvesting reduced Community Marginalised  Food and nutritional supplements (such as school feeding programmes) communities  Provision of relief services Amount of funding ; the elderly;  Provision of loans and grants as a capital allocated to climate Women and  Establishment of Livestock markets calendar and facilitate implementation change actions children.  Establishment of Livestock insurance schemes through CCCFs in  Introduction of agricultural activities counties that have  Establishment of Dam Safety Control Measure climate fund  WRUA capacity building regulations Number of early warning systems Dam safety needs assessment, safety manual and codes of practice published No. of WRUAs participating in training sessions Energy Renewable Energy Development Increase renewable TCG GoK/TC 70 14 14 14 14 energy for electricity G/ generation FLLoCA/  Installation of solar PV in public institutions GOK  Maintenance of solar PV in public institutions DPs Energy Efficiency, Conservation and Stakeholders Engagement Partners  Improved cook stoves for households Community  Capacity built the communities across the ward on the various sources of green Energy Water Water supply and storage Enhance resilience of TCG GoK/TC 200 40 40 40 40 the water sector by G/ ensuring access to and FLLoCA/  Design and establishment of new and rehabilitation, expansion and maintenance of efficient use of water for GOK Community ward water supply systems DPs members/ agriculture,  Drilling and equipping of boreholes along the migratory routes manufacturing, Pastoralists/ Partners  Maintenance of community water points along the migratory routs domestic, wildlife and Afro-  Design, construction and maintenance of infrastructure for surface water harvesting other uses pastoralists/ and storage and ground water recharge including water pans, sand dams for rural and Community Farmers livestock water supply  Rehabilitation of livestock existing water points 32  Supplying communities with water through water trucking in times of drought.  Setting up of water storage facilities within strategic grazing routes  Installing boreholes with real time underground monitoring tools  Desilting silted water pans  Rehabilitation of broken water pans  Water reticulation  Construction of elevated still tanks Water Resources management  Conduct activities in water catchment management between the county government, community and Partners  Demarcation, rehabilitation and protection of riparian and degraded catchment areas  Enhancing Community participation in management of water resources though Community sensitization on knowledge and Management of water resources and catchments  Empowerment of women to participate in water resource management  Training of Water Resource Users Associations  Water interventions to reduce cross border conflict Environme Environmental Governance and compliance TCG GoK/TCG/ 80 16 16 16 16 nt FLLoCA/  Develop and implement ward environment action plan GOK DPs Environmental protection and conservation Partners  Protect and conserve environment through o conservation of soil and water Community o Rehabilitation of degraded areas o Protection of fragile environment Climate change and adaptation  Early warning on weather patterns to reduce community vulnerability to adverse climate effects  Environmental education on climate change  Climate proof communities to climate change  Promote climate smart farming Supporting ward climate change committee on rangeland rehabilitation by acacia reseeding, protection and management of environment Forestry  Introduction of Agro forestry activities TCG GoK/TCG/ 60 12 12 12 12  Increase tree cover, and promote sustainable management of forests and tree FLLoCA/ resources DPs GOK  Increasing tree cover in private, community and county lands (Tree Planting)  Identification and setting a part of land for forest reservation, development and creation of ward forests Partners  Development of nature-based enterprises within ward forests.  Forestation and rehabilitation of fragile and degraded ecosystem/forest in Community community lands. Forestry Management, Conservation and Public Participation  Develop manpower and promote ecotourism, community-based enterprises and diversification of revenue streams from forest products for community and county  Establish and capacity build CFAs to ensure Forestry Protection  Prosopis management through development of forests products from the invasive species Fisheries  Support value addition in fish and livestock products TCG GoK/TCG/ 130 26 26 26 26  Development of fisheries value chain, market access and linkages for increased food, FLLoCA/ incomes and skill development DPs GOK  Fisheries information, extension services, training facilities and skill development  Development of fish infrastructure: Improve fish quality, hygiene and safety, establish an ice plant and cold storage facility to reduce post-harvest losses Partners  Fisheries resources management/ monitoring control and surveillance to enhance sustainable exploitation of fish resources Community  Establish more Beach Management Units (BMUs) and enhance value addition on fish products to increase market thus income for the local community members. 33  Support acquisition of modern fishing boats  Support the purchase of modern fish cooling and preservation equipment including solar driers  Support establishment of fish marketing cooperatives to bargain for best prices in the market  Develop and support linkages to external markets  Health  Improved household sanitation through development of WASH system TCG GoK/TCG/ 180 36 36 36 36 o Sensitization of households on the need of latrines FLLoCA/ o Training of households on hygiene promotion DPs GOK o Purification of drinking water  Construction of dispensaries  Provide enough drugs Partners  Vaccination / immunization campaigns  Disease surveillance and reporting Community  Promotion of family planning Education  Enhance community awareness TCG GoK/TCG/ 180 36 36 36 36  Increase accessibility to learning materials and tools FLLoCA/  Improve network reception GOK DPs  Synchronize school calendar with weather-related events Partners Community Economy  Manufacture and sale of handicrafts (especially baskets), petty trade (especially of TCG GoK/TCG/ 50 10 10 10 10 household goods and small livestock), honey production, the sale of other nature- FLLoCA/ based products DPs GOK  Construction, improvement and maintenance of markets and livestock sell yards  Provision of loans and credit facilities  Increase access to cash transfer programmes Partners Community Housing  Encourage use of environmentally friendly materials TCG GoK/TCG/ 100 20 20 20 20 and  Encourage use of invasive species such as Prosopis FLLoCA/ Buildings GOK DPs Partners Community Security  Strengthening of conflict resolution mechanisms TCG GoK/TCG/ 90 18 18 18 18  Establish and capacity build peace committees FLLoCA/  Strengthen cross-border peace engagements DPs GOK Partners 34 Community Tourism  Public awareness on eco-tourism TCG GoK/TCG/ 100 20 20 20 20 and  Map out environmental resources that can attract tourism FLLoCA/ GOK DPs Wildlife Partners Community Transport  Maintenance of roads linking the ward TCG GoK/TCG/ 70 14 14 14 14 and  Climate proof infrastructure- bridges and roads FLLoCA/ Infrastruct  Encourage climate mitigation by of renewable energy sources like solar, wind power GOK DPs ure  Upgrading of roads Partners Community Information  Climate information sharing TCG GoK/TCG/ 80 16 16 16 16  EWS through conventional and indigenous technologies FLLoCA/  Participation in Participatory scenario planning for seasons GOK DPs Partners Community TOTAL CCCAP 2023-2027 2310 416 416 416 416 35 Annexes

Annex 1: List of Participants for The Participatory Climate Change Action Planning in 30 wards in Turkana 1 Participants from Kalobeyei Ward ORG/SECTOR & NO. NAME DESIGNATION COUNTY 1 Lokaala Gideon TCG Village Administrator 2 Lorem Desmond Kalobeyei Community Youth Representative 3 Nakiria Hurdson W.C.C.C P.W.D 4 Echwa Martin Ekaale TCG Village Administrator 5 Akal Alice Ebei Kalobeyei Community Women Representative 6 Edung Alexander Natoo Administration Village Admin 7 Alfred Kapoko Kalobeyei Community Opinion Leader 8 Eremon Gerald NG Asst Chief 9 Eyapan Joseph Lokidor Kalobeyei WRUA Youth Representative 10 Lobeyo John Kalobeyei Community Opinion Leader 11 Kebo Geoffrey Kalobeyei Community Member 12 Sylvia Kapua Lokeun W.C.C.C Women Representative 13 Alexander Lopeyok Kalobeyei Community Youth Representative 14 Akwee Aregae Papa W.C.C.C Member 15 Eleman Lokisiau Kalobeyei Community Elder 16 Raphael Lokuron Egiron Kalobeyei Community Religious Leader 17 Alimlim Lomor Epero Kalobeyei Community Women Representative 18 Amoni Munyen Lochul Kalobeyei Community Women Representative 19 Alimoit Nauren Ekaal Kalobeyei Community Women Representative 20 Sarah Logilae Kalobeyei Community Farmer 21 Lopeyok Lowangiro Esinyen Kalobeyei Community Member 22 Esther Ngachuro Nangolol Kalobeyei Community Member 36 23 Hellen Lorot Ekuwam W.C.C.C Member 24 Patricia Nakale Lopokor Kalobeyei Community Farmer 25 Fatuma Nimo Abdi Kalobeyei Community Opinion Leader 26 Hellen Akai Lokiriama Kalobeyei Community Farmer 27 Akitela Epong Longole Kalobeyei Community Member 28 Nachomin Muria Lokadelio Kalobeyei Community Farmer 29 Joseph Emuria Logeor Kalobeyei Community Farmer 30 Lokungol Arem Nakurui Kalobeyei Community Elder 31 Regina Korinyang Lokui Kalobeyei Community Member 2 Participants from Letea Ward Org/Sector & Designation County No. Name 1 James Nangolol Ekal W.C.C.C Youth Representative 2 Hellen Echor Letea Community Pwd 3 Erukudi Ngiriele Namate Letea Community P.B.O 5 Jacob Aemun W.C.C.C Elder James Namorungole 6 Lokwameri W.C.C.C Member 7 Lochilia Emase Chipire W.C.C.C Member 8 Peter Kerio Loeri Letea Community Faith Based Organization Representative 9 James Naweet Kiyonga Letea Community Village Elder 10 Joseph Adika Letea Community Chief Rep 11 Seline Apus Lopus Letea Community Pwd 12 Martha Amoni Letea Community P.B.O 13 Lucas Matiya Napas Letea Community Kraal Leader 14 Jamuhuri Lydia Ikaru Letea Community Member 15 Joseph Tioko Eyaran Letea Community Opinion Leader 16 Elizabeth Awesit Nakeru Letea Community Cso 37 17 Lourien Lokucha Letea Community Farmer 18 Josephine Akai Ekilan Letea Community Women Representative 19 Ekoomwa Tioko Iyanae Letea Community Youth Representative 20 Ekal Lowoton Lorot Letea Community Kraal Leader 21 Paul Lopem Adou Letea Community F.B.O 22 Melo Abuka Letea Community Elder 23 Dorcas Akai Kamar Letea Community Farmer 24 Arot Lemuya Pokotom Letea Community Cso 25 Lokong Ikaru Lokaala Letea Community Opinion Leader 26 Lotieng Muya Nakadio Letea Community Elder 27 Etaan Nanok Ikaru Letea Community Kraal Leader 28 Mathew Kalapatan Lomodei Letea Community Fbo Representative 29 Lokuja Losuru Ekaran Letea Community Women Rep 3 Participants from Loima Ward No. Name Org/Sector & County Designation 1 Ekowma James Community Religious Leader 2 John Esekon Community Member 3 Maria Akipetot Lotiyan Community Member 4 Mathew Lemuya Community Member 5 Ken Munyes Lobur Community Member 6 Pascaline Losike Ekutan Community Member 7 Longol Ewoi Ilukol Community Member 8 James Itao Community Member 9 Ekadeli Esekon Community Member 10 Paul Edipo Lomekwi Community Member 38 11 Lomurukao Epungure Community Member 12 Anyang Lokwang Lokotio Community Member 13 Lomekwi Ataan Aumo Community Member 14 Alice Apuwa Community Member 15 Lena Elimu Karononi Community Member 16 Ann Aroon Community Member 17 Daudi Eiyen Community Member 18 Kuya Ewoi Echakan Community Member 19 Jesca Nasuru Community Member 20 Anderson Nyangaa Community Member 21 Lokeun Lomura Community Member 22 Kangiloi Ekalale Community Member 23 Ekaskout Losapirei Community Member 24 Paulina Akiru Community Member 25 William Ejore Community Member 26 Levi Esukuku Lotieng Community Member 27 Gladys Atol Lotukoi Community Member 4 Participants from Lokichoggio Ward No. Name Org/Sector & County Designation 1 Akai Lorot W.C.C.C Youth Representative 2 Takaale Napeyok Lokichoggio Community Women Representative 3 Emuria Veronica W.C.C.C P.W.D 4 Daniel Losil Oop Chief 5 Elaar Salmon Ekadeli C.A M.C.A Office Manager 6 Ekata Angeline Administration Village Admin 7 Nangolol Lokitaung Lokichoggio Community Kraal Leader 39 8 Emoru Emoni Puuno P.Amp Member 9 Achoto Lopakai Lokichoggio Wrua Member 10 Philip Ngikeny Lokichoggio Community Youth Representative 11 Egialan Etengan Lokichoggio Community Member 12 Magrate Egule Lokichoggio Community Member 13 Ebenyo Nadima W.C.C.C Member 14 Lomor Nakali Lokichoggio Community Member 15 Patrick Ekunoit Lokichoggio Community Member 16 Akiru Ekope Lokichoggio Community Farmer 17 Patrick Lokwameri Lokichoggio Community Kraal Leader 18 July Nato Etoot Lokichoggio Community Women Representative 19 Etabo Gabriel Lokichoggio Community Member 20 Lomaluk Nelson Lokichoggio Community Farmer 21 David Kolonyo Lokichoggio Community Member 22 Allan Eyapan Lokichoggio Community Member 23 Janet Napeibur W.C.C.C Member 24 Judy Lokol Lokichoggio Community Farmer 25 James Ekiru Adiaka Lokichoggio Community Kraal Leader 26 Ekal Jacob Lokichoggio Community Farmer 27 Akadae Lokuwom Lokichoggio Community Kraal Leader 28 Mathew Loter Lokichoggio Community Farmer 29 Nangolol Eloto Lokichoggio Community Farmer 30 Musa Lochongor Lokichoggio Community Farmer 5 Participants from Lopur No. Name Org/Sector & County Designation 40 1 Emuron N. Eliud W.C.C.C Village Administrator 2 Lokipaka Etoot Lemuyawa Tcg Village Administrator 3 Jalton Aita Lokiren Tcg Village Administrator 4 Apua Lochilia Longolea Lopur Community Member 5 Lodwar Ekutan Augustine W.C.C.C Village Administrator 6 Ekal Atian Abong W.C.C.C Member 7 Kakuta Abong W.C.C.C Member 8 Stephen Eyanae Oop Chief 9 James Ekomwa Esinyen Oop Chief 10 Stephen Ewoi Erukudi Lopur Community Member 11 Ebei Echwa Lotubwa Lopur Community Member 12 Sheila Akidor Nakoi Lopur Community Member 13 Margaret Natoot Kole Lopur Community Kraal Leader 14 Ngititi Akorinyang Lopur Community Men Representative 15 Albert Ngipuo Lopur Community Opinion Leader 16 Ekapel Lokeun Lopur Community Member 17 Kapuchor Lokited Lopachio Lopur Community Farmer 18 Lochomin Lopong Lotuk Lopur Community Member 19 John Puku Lopur Community Youth Representative 20 Kidiriyo Etaan Lopur Community Member 21 Nancy Ikiru Ekalale Lopur Community F.B.O 22 Samson Esekon Lopur Community Member 23 Ekiru Ekal Ome Lopur Community Farmer 24 Ajero Emmanuel Lopur Community Member 25 Ngakolia Emoru Lokupuratmoe Lopur Community Opinion Leader 26 John Epeta Lopur Community Elder 27 Ibuya Obadia Emuria Lopur Community Member 28 Nakachalak Belinda Lopur Community Fbo Representative 41 29 Alice Imoit Lopur Community Women Rep 30 Michael Nagum Lopur Community Member 31 Florance Epus Lopur Community Member 6 Participants from Nakalale Ward No. Name Org/Sector & County Designation 1 Joseph Lobur Ewoi Kuya Tcg Teacher 2 Kones Moses Lotiir Nakalale Community Youth Rep 3 Jackson Lomosingo Nakalale Community Member 4 Ann Louyei Nakalale Community Member 5 Marry Akai Ebei Nakalale Community Member 6 Christine Aukot Akiru W.C.C.C Member 7 Rosemary Arunye Ngasuban Nakalale Community Member 8 Ewaare Achuka Lobuin Nakalale Community Elder 9 Awesit Lydia Eregae Nakalale Community Fbo 10 Eyanae Gabriel Ekai Nakalale Community Youth Rep 11 Nachukul Ekeru Nakalale Community Elder 12 Esther Akiriket Nakalale Community Member 13 Lowosa Paul Ikaale Nakalale Community Professional Rep 14 Dellah Arukudi Egiron Nakalale Community Fbo 15 Ebei Namuya Mercy Nakalale Community Member 16 Simon Marok Loirien Nakalale Community Fbo-Pastor 17 Barnabus Eloiloi Nakalale Community Elder 42 18 Belida Akai Nakalale Community Member 19 Selina Natesiro Ekai Nakalale Community Member 20 Damaris Igole Longora Nakalale Community Member 21 Peter Kangole Atoot Nakalale Community Elder 22 Atoot Lomugeite Lokorinyang Nakalale Community Member 23 Ekai John Nangorok Tcg Clerical Officer 24 Samuel Ekulan Nakalale Community Member 25 James Erukudi Lopurucho Nakalale Community Elder 26 Ekwee Ebaich Ethekon Nakalale Community Member 27 Lowosa Akolom Andrew Oop Chief 28 Ekutan Elizabeth Ekiru Tcg Village Administrator 29 Zakayo Lomanat Lokopon Nakalale Community Member 7 Participants from Nanam Ward No. Name Org/Sector & County Designation 1 Lotumwon Lopatan W.C.C.C Member 2 Longatunyo Dominic Nanam Community Youth Representative 3 Natuom Ebenyo Kokuro Nanam Community Farmer 4 Akajekel Lobuin Nanam Community Farmer 5 Namuge Kangor Lailo Nanam Community Kraal Leader 6 Naro Lopeto Ebei Nanam Community Pwd Representative 7 Emuria Heyomo Longichar Nanam Community Pwd Representative 8 John Kapetadie Lokuwam W.C.C.C Male Representative 9 Penina A. Lobaang Nanam Community Water Committee 10 Christine Lomeyan Echom Nanam Community Women Representative 11 Auren Lotukoi Nanam Community Aloe Vera Group 43 12 Peter Kiyoi Lokero Cso Cso Member 13 Lobuin Christopher W.C.C.C Member 14 Ebenyo Aporoto Nanam Community Cdr 15 Philip Lokope Nanam Community Cdr 16 Ramina Ewesit Atapar Nanam Community Farmer 17 Namuge Nachi Namuge Nanam Community Kraal Leader 18 Atabo Lokwang Lokaamoe Nanam Community Women Representative 19 Samwel Koomwa Oop Assistant Chief 20 Epur Eminit Nanam Community Farmer 21 Brenda Aling'a Nanam Community Women Representative 22 Aloch Emuria Napokor Nanam Community Women Representative 23 Paulina Eris Nanam Community Member 24 Ng'ajerei Losike Lonyamani Nanam Community Farmer 25 Emuria Eleya Lokuruka Nanam Community Kraal Leader 26 Fred Lotaparin Nanam Community Aloe Vera Member 27 Eleya Kiyong'a Lokuruka Nanam Community Kraal Leader 28 Evans Longok Nanam Community Youth Representative 29 Esther Amodonyang Ikale Nanam Community Women Leader 30 Julius Ilete Oop Snr. Chief 8 Participants from Songot No. Name Org/Sector & County Designation 1 Lodakach Lorenge Songot Community Pwd 2 Nicodemus Erupe Songot Community P.B.O 3 Ejiem James Tukur Songot Community Member 4 Aregae Etoot Songot Community Women Representative 44 5 Kaidio Nachodo Ekitela Songot Community Member 6 Natukoi Etaaba Songot Community Member 7 John Erot Ekeru Songot Community Member 8 Samuel Lotiir Ereng Songot Community Village Elder 9 Catherine Abei Kalimapus Songot Community Member 10 Nicholas Kaaman Songot Community Member 11 Nicodemus Egiron Kiyo Songot Community P.B.O 12 Julius Chila Akutan Songot Community Kraal Leader 13 Terry Akolong Adome Songot Community Women Rep 14 Emmanuel Eyeen Emuria Songot Community Opinion Leader 15 Loyalot Lopeto Songot Community Member 16 Rebecca Ngikito Nanok Songot Community Farmer 17 Akaran Lowoi Apoko Songot Community Women Representative 18 Nakaitan Lokarach Kiletwa Songot Community Member 19 Emuria Charles Ngamon Tcg Village Administrator 20 Ngasike Naregae Edaan W.C.C.C Member 21 Arupe Ebenyo Ekidor W.C.C.C Member 22 James Ekamais Nawoto Songot Community Farmer 23 Ekunoit Ewoi Maide Songot Community Member 24 Rebecca Edukon Ebei Songot Community Women Representative 25 Ekai Maraka Ekidor Songot Community Elder 26 Timu Nicholas Songot Community Kraal Leader 27 Ngaukon Emoni Songot Community Member 28 Nawoto Naweet Xavier Tcg Village Administrator 29 Micah Allany Lokalei Tcg Village Administrator 30 Jonas Epas Lokwakol Ng Chief Songot 31 Rodah Akalale Songot Community Member 45 9 Participants from Turkwel Ward No. Name Org/Sector & County Designation 1 Ezra Ebei Adome Turkwel Community Member 2 Ewoton Lowote Lokure Turkwel Community Member 3 Mercy Ewoton Lobuin Turkwel Community Member 4 Rebecca Nasuru Turkwel Community Member 5 Damaris Ekitela Ajikon Turkwel Community Member 6 Becky Ekalimon Turkwel Community Member 7 Janerose Ekal Lotesiro Turkwel Community Member 8 Mary Ngala Moruita Turkwel Community Member 9 Sammy Lokato Monti Turkwel Community Member 10 Lopeyok John Lorot Turkwel Community Member 11 Patrick Nachuch Turkwel Community Member 12 Esibitar Charles Turkwel Community Member 13 Regina Nayapar Turkwel Community Member 14 Lokwom Ameyan Turkwel Community Member 15 Lokaito Maru Esekon Turkwel Community Member 16 Paulina Lokwasinyena Turkwel Community Member 17 James Kalotum Jama Turkwel Community Member 18 Philip Ewwar Munyes Turkwel Community Member 19 Jackline Apaaya Turkwel Community Member 20 Atabo Adekei Turkwel Community Member 21 Ekadeli Lopongo Lokoom Turkwel Community Member 22 Elizabeth Alimlim Ekuwam Turkwel Community Member 23 James Erukudi Turkwel Community Member 24 Thomas Areki Amenele Turkwel Community Member 25 Lokadio Elim Peter Turkwel Community Member 46 26 Chamale Millicent Turkwel Community Member 27 Patrick Ekunoit Turkwel Community Member 28 Eleman David Turkwel Community Member 29 Amuria Florence Turkwel Community Member 30 Ariong Edukon Turkwel Community Member 10 Participants from Lobei Kotaruk Ward No. Name Org/Sector & County Designation 1 Simon Muya Community Snr.Chief Lobei 2 Ikalale Longorio Community Member 3 Ekutan Lomorukai Community Member 4 Regina Lokui Community Member 5 Ekorot Paul Community Member 6 Kuya Lotuk Community Member 7 Rebecca Asinyen Community Member 8 Chamale Millicent Community Member 9 Ann Nakuchu Community Member 10 Peter Lopeyok Community Member 11 Emuria Imoni Community Member 12 Loregae Inok Community Member 13 Naur Ejikon Community Member 14 Lochomin Lodukae Community Member 15 Julius Edome Community Member 16 Samuel Ekwam Ewoi Community Member 17 Lokadokoi Yanae Community Member 47 18 Erukwan Sekon Community Member 19 Walakan Lokwawi Community Member 20 Patrick Eyangan Community Member 21 Mark Imana Community Member 22 Patrick Ekunoit Community Member 23 Justus Nabei Community Member 24 Simale Elim Community Member 25 Peter Ekai Community Member 26 Esinyen Lokutiano Community Member 27 Daniel Lomorukai Community Member 28 Apollo Benson Community Member 29 Michael Lomorukai Community Member 30 Paul Emanman Community Member 11 Participants from Lokiriama Ward No. Name Org/Sector & County Designation 1 Nathan Longorio Akal Lokiriama Community Member 2 Francis Esuron Nachuch Lokiriama Community Member 3 Philip Edung Lokwawi Lokiriama Community Member 4 Lowokol Lokwang Titus Lokiriama Community Member 5 Teresa Eyanae Lokwakori Lokiriama Community Member 6 Sanya Ekitela Eloiloi Lokiriama Community Member 7 Amoni Nakoel Tioko Lokiriama Community Member 8 Adukan Achuka Lokiriama Community Member 9 Victor Napak Lokiriama Community Member 48 10 Jonathan Kaliba Lokirika Lokiriama Community Member 11 Eregae Ekitelaa Lokwawi Lokiriama Community Member 12 Peter Lokoumoit Walakan Lokiriama Community Member 13 Alex Lomorukai Lolem Lokiriama Community Member 14 James Edapal Lokiriama Community Member 15 Lokwawi Longorio Lokiriama Community Member 16 Lokoda Ingetan Lokalei Lokiriama Community Member 17 Iko 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Annex 2: Invitation Letter to Partners for The Participatory Climate Change Action Plan Validation Workshop 81

Annex 3: List of Participants for The Participatory Climate Change Action Planning Validation Workshop 82 83 84 51 | P a g e 52 | P a g e

Annex 4: Program for The Participatory Climate Change Action Planning Validation Workshop TURKANA COUNTY GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF TOURISM, CULTURE, NATURAL RESOURCES & CLIMATE CHANGE WORKSHOP PROGRAMME VALIDATION WORKSHOP FOR PARTICIPATORY CLIMATE VULNERABILITY RISK ASSESSMENT (PCVRA) AND WARD CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLANS IN TURKANA COUNTY ON 26TH MAY 2023 AT STEGRA HOTEL TIME DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY RESPONSIBLE 8.00 am – 8.30 am Arrival and registration of participants Grace Lotoom 8.30 am – 9.45am Welcoming Remarks by Deputy Director Climate Deputy Director CC, Change, CCOs & CECM Tourism, Culture, Natural CCOs & CECM Resources and Climate Change 8.45 am-9.00am Opening Remarks by Chairperson CAT committee Hon. James Ikeny on Water, Environment and Natural Resources 9:00 am – 9:20 am National Climate Change Amendment Bill Ikal Ang’elei-Director FoLT 9.20 am - 10.00 am Overview of the PCVRA process Dr. Ong’ech 10.00 am – 10.30 am Assessment methodology Dr. Ong’ech 10.30 am – 11.00 am Tea break ALL 11.00 am – 12.30 pm PCVRA Findings presentation Dr. Ong’ech 12.30 pm-1.00 pm PCVRA Report validation ALL 53 | P a g e 1.00 pm – 2.00 pm Lunch Break ALL 2.00 pm – 3. 00 pm Climate Change Action Plan overview Dr. Ong’ech 3.00 pm – 3.30 pm County Climate Change Action Plan validation ALL 3.30 pm – 4.00 pm Deliberations and commitments on way forward Dr. Ong’ech & Deputy Director Climate Change 4.00 pm – 4.20 pm Vote of thanks and closing remarks CECM TCNR&CC 4.20 pm – 5.00 pm 4 O’clock Tea ALL 54 | P a g e Financing Locally-Led Climate Action (FLLoCA) Program 55 | P a g e