National Food And Nutrition Security Policy Implementation Framework 2017-2022

1 2 i REPUBLIC OF KENYA NATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY POLICY IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 2017-2022 . JUNE 2017 ii (C) Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Kilimo House P.O Box 30028 – 00100 Nairobi iii TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES AND TABLES ............................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................. vii FOREWARD ................................................................................................................................ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................................................xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. xiii 1.0 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT ...........................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................1 1.2 Food and Nutrition Security ..............................................................................................1 1.3. Food and Nutrition Security Status ..................................................................................2 1.3.1 Chronic and acute malnutrition .................................................................................3 1.3.2 Micronutrient Deficiencies ........................................................................................3 1.3.3 Other diet-related Non-Communicable Diseases .................................................3 1.4 Agricultural Performance and Economic Growth .........................................................4 1.5 National Food and Nutrition Security Policy ...................................................................4 1.5.1 Policy Scope and Context .........................................................................................4 1.5.2. Policy Implementation Framework .........................................................................5 2.0 ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY OBJECTIVES ..........................................................................7 2.1 National Food Availability .................................................................................................7 2.1.1 Overview............................................................................................................. 7 2.1.2 Domestic production ................................................................................................ 7 2.1.3 Domestic, Regional and International Food Trade .............................................. 8 2.1.4 Agro-Processing and Value-Addition .................................................................... 8 2.1.5 Storage facilities ....................................................................................................... 9 2.1.6 Strategic Food Reserve ............................................................................................. 9 2.1.7 Commercialization of Agriculture .......................................................................... 10 2.2 Food Accessibility........................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Improvement and Expansion of On-Farm and Off-Farm Employment ............... 11 2.2.2 Improvement of Urban and Peri-Urban Food Accessibility ................................... 11 2.2.3 Improving Food Access and Functioning of Markets ............................................ 12 2.2.4 Cultural, Social and Political Aspects in Food Access .......................................... 12 2.3 Household Resource Productivity ................................................................................ 13 2.3.1 Accessibility to Productive Resources for Rural Agriculture .................................13 2.3.2 Sustainable Intensification and Diversification of Agricultural Production Systems ........14 2.3.3 Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture ............................................................................14 iv 2.3.4 Food Storage, Preservation and Value-addition .................................................. 15 2.4 Food Safety And Quality ............................................................................................... 15 3.0 NUTRITION IMPROVEMENT ............................................................................................ 17 3.1 Nutrition Throughout Life Cycle ................................................................................... 17 3.2 Micronutrient Deficiency Prevention and Control ..................................................... 17 3.3 Nutrition Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization .............................. 18 3.4 Nutrition and Infection ................................................................................................ 19 3.5 Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases ............................................................. 19 3.6 Urban Nutrition .............................................................................................................. 20 3.7 Nutrition in Schools, Public and Private Institutions ................................................... 20 3.8 Food and Nutrition Education in Schools and Institutions ....................................... 21 4.0 FOOD AND NUTRITION DURING CRISIS AND EMERGENCY .......................................... 23 4.1 Emergency Preparedness ..............................................................................................23 4.2 Emergency Response ....................................................................................................23 4.3 Recovery, Building Resilience and Long-Term Development ...................................24 5.0 FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION ........................................25 5.1 Data Collection and Information Management .......................................................25 5.2 Information, Education and Communication ............................................................25 6.0 INSTITUTIONAL, LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND FINANCING ..................................................27 6.1 Institutional Framework ................................................................................................27 6.1.1 National Structures ...................................................................................................28 6.1.2 County Institutional Structures ................................................................................30 6.1.3 Stakeholder Technical Committees for Food and Nutrition (STC-FN) ................32 6.2 Legal Framework ...........................................................................................................32 6.3 Financing the Implementation of the Food and Nutrition Security policy ...............33 7.0 IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX ................................................................................................35 8.0 THE STRATEGIC RESULTS FRAMEWORK ............................................................................36 9.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION .....................................................................................37 9.1 Rationale and Objectives .............................................................................................37 9.2 Performance Indicators ..............................................................................................37 10 RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................... 39 APPENDIX I: IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX ................................................................................. 42 FOOD SECURITY ....................................................................................................................42 PRIORITY AREAS, RESULTS, INTERVENTIONS AND BUDGETS ................................................42 NUTRITION IMPROVEMENT .....................................................................................................54 FOOD AND NUTRITION IN CRISIS, EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ..............................................61 5.0 Food and Nutrition Information & Communication ....................................................64 v 6.0 INSTITUTIONAL, LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND FINANCING ...............................................66 Other Food Security Indicators ..........................................................................................71 NUTRITION IMPROVEMENT KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ............................................72 CRISIS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ...........................................................................79 APPENDIX III: TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ...............................81 LIST OF REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................82 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS ................................................................................................83 vi FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1: Elements of national and household food and nutrition security (Adopted from FANTA) .........................................................................................................................................2 Figure 2: National Food and Nutrition Security Policy Implementation Coordination Structure ................................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 3: Schematic Representation of the National Food and Nutrition Security Results Framework ................................................................................................................................36 Table 1: Priority listing of risks.................................................................................................. 39 Table 2: Risk Analysis and Evaluation Matrix ........................................................................ 39 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 4H Head, Heart, Hands and Health 4K Kuungana, Kufanya, Kusaidia, Kenya ASAL Arid and Semi-Arid Lands ASCU Agricultural Sector Coordination Unit ASDS Agricultural Sector Development Strategy AUC African Union Commission ATFFND African Task Force on Food and Nutrition Development SBCC Behaviour Change Communication BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CFNSS County Food and Nutrition Security Secretariats CG County Government CoG Council of Governors CSTC-FN County Stakeholder Technical Committees on Food and Nutrition CSO Civil Society Organizations ERS Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation FAO Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FBO Faith Based Organization FNSC Food and Nutrition Security Council FSNIF Food and Nutrition Security Implementation Framework GDP Gross Domestic Product GIZ German Corporation for International Cooperation IEC Information, Education and Communication ISCFN Inter-ministerial Steering Committee on Food and Nutrition KALRO Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization KDHS Kenya Demographic and Health Survey KEPHIS Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services KES Kenya Shilling KFSM Kenya Food Security Meeting KIPPRA Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research Analysis KNBS Kenya National Bureau of Statistics KNMS Kenya National Micronutrient Survey MFI Micro Finance Institutions MoALF Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries MoDP Ministry of Devolution and Planning MoE Ministry of Education MoENR Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources MoH Ministry of Health MoL Ministry of Lands viii MoPSY&GA Ministry of Public Service,Youth and Gender Affairs MoRPW Ministry of Roads and Public Works MoTC Ministry of Trade and Cooperatives MoWI Ministry of Water and Irrigation MSE Medium and Small Enterprises MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework MTIP Medium Term Investment Plan MTP Medium Term Plan NCD Non-Communicable Diseases NCPB National Cereals and Produce Board NCST National Council of Science and Technology NDMA National Drought Management Authority NDOC National Disaster Operations Center NEPAD New Partnership for African Development NFNEC National Food and Nutrition Steering Committee NFNS National Food and Nutrition Secretariat NFNSC National Food and Nutrition Steering Committee NFNSP National Food and Nutrition Security Policy NFNSP-IF National Food and Nutrition Security Policy Implementation Framework NFSCC National Food Safety Coordination Committee NFNSC National Food and Nutrition Steering Committee NFSNP National Food Security and Nutrition Policy NGO Non-Governmental Organization OP Office of the President PLWHA People Living with HIV and AIDS PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper SBCC Social and Behaviour Change Communicattion SDG Sustainable Development Goals SFR Strategic Food Reserves SGR Strategic Grain Reserves SP Social Protection SRA Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture STC Stakeholder Technical Committee TWG Technical Working Group UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children Education Fund VAT Value-Added Tax WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WFS World Food Summit ix FOREWARD Food and nutrition security is key to achieving both human and economic development agenda of our country. Indeed the Government strives to achieve a food secure, healthy, productive and wealthy nation as enshrined in the Constitution of Kenya 2010 Article 43 (c), that assures kenyans of the right to be free from hunger and to have adequate food of acceptable quality. This is further emphasized in the country’s long term development blue print, Kenya Vision 2030 whose vision is “A globally competitive and prosperous country with a high quality of life [for its people] by 2030”. Rapid population growth, poverty, unsustainable production systems and climate change pose the biggest challenge to sustainable food production, consumption expectations and patterns. Kenya experiences a 20 30% deficit in staple foods every year as the overall national food production has not increased in tandem with population growth. This scenerio is likely to continue especially with the current increase in the annual population growth rate by 2.6% (World Bank report, 2015). At this rate it is projected that the Kenyan population may reach 64 million by year 2030. Thus, more effort is needed to increase food production and productivity to satisfy future demand for food by the increasing population Transformation strategies beyond dependence on rain fed agricultural production and embracing irrigation, mechanization and modern technologies are required to improve stability of food availability and access. This also implies that environmental sustainability for food production be assured at all times. We are aware of the social cultural and political obstacles that should be addressed as part of the prevailing food insecurity challenges. The National Food and Nutrition Security Policy adopts a wide range of approaches to address these challenges to attain the desired food and nutrition security status at individual, household, community and national levels. The overall goal of the policy is to ensure that all Kenyans throughout their lifecycle enjoy at all times safe food in sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy their nutritional needs for optimal health. It provides an overarching framework that covers the four dimensions of food security— availability, accessibility, utilization and stability. Studies have shown that a significant proportion of the population cannot meet their daily food requirements. The Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS, 2014) report indicates that, nationally, 25% of children under five years are stunted. The attributing factors include: poverty, diseases and household resource constraints that many Kenyans face. The impact of acute malnutrition in early life has irreversible lifelong damages. A malnourished child is less able to fight off illness, cannot thrive, often ends up with poor cognitive development and is physically stunted. Such children are less likely to achieve highly in school due to poor attention, reasoning, learning and memory. Affected individuals later get trapped in the poverty and malnutrition cycle, which is difficult to break without external support. Good nutrition balance through dietary diversity is therefore key to achieving our human development goals. It is important to ensure availability of diverse, wholesome and nutritious foods, not just for survival, but for people to thrive and grow to their full potential for meaningful contribution to the socio-economic development of our country. On the flipside, however, the opposite scenario of over-nutrition and increasing cases of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has emerged as the new public health concern. This is associated with poor food choices and lifestyle mainly due to inadequate nutrition knowledge. The complications include overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, gout and some types of cancers, among others. Increased effort is necessary to enhance nutrition education in order to improve nutrition knowledge among the populace. This would enable Kenyans to make better food choices, proper food utilization and adjust their lifestyles for better nutrition and health to lead more productive lives. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) issues are also essential for human nutrition and health. About 50% of cases of under nutrition and 25% of stunting cases are tied to chronic diarrhoea, intestinal worms, and other diseases that are linked to poor WASH. This implementation framework (2016-2020) puts into consideration the complex nature of food and nutrition insecurity and recommends priority strategies for achieving our common goals and objectives. The proposed strategies embrace the multi-dimensional, multi-sectoral and holistic life cycle approaches x adopted in the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy. Based on the elements of our national and household food and nutrition security, a multi-sectoral approach will be employed involving the wide range of actors in Agriculture, Health, Water, Education, Food and other relevant sectors. The proposed priority interventions will also target the vulnerable populations including the poor, mothers, children, people with disabilities and the elderly citizens. Further, appropriate social protection programs will be scaled up or established to ensure regular access to adequate wholesome food by all people at all times. The impact of such initiatives will be felt by the populations today and in future. This Implementation Framework is a tool for effective implementation of the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy. The main policy areas are elucidated in terms of the, development objectives, priority interventions, implementation approaches and result areas as described in the Implementation Matrix. It will guide all stakeholders in the implementation of the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy for the period 2017 to 2020. It is therefore recommended as the guide for developing effective programs, strategies, or action plans. The Implementation framework may be contextualized at all levels to satisfy the needs of diverse social economic and ecosystem settings. This will also guide in partnerships, mobilization and commitment of resources. The Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) aspects, critical to affirming nutritionally adequate and safe food are also specified this framework to measure performance and demonstrate results. Good progress in the implementation of the Policy will require enhanced collaboration, mutual accountability and strengthening of coordination of all actors to ensure greater coherence, desired momentum and synergy of all food and nutrition security programs. This will be achieved through utilization of the mandates of relevant ministries and establishing effective linkages between existing institutional structures as proposed in this framework. All relevant stakeholders’ interests shall be integrated through the joint Secretariat that will be responsible for establishing appropriate horizontal and vertical linkages in order to promote broad multi-sectoral collaboration of diverse stakeholders. This framework provides the institutional coordination structure that will facilitate high level commitment, leadership by the Government, collaboration and joint planning by all sectors and stakeholders at all levels. This will be achieved through the establishment of the envisaged Food and Nutrition Security Council and Steering Committee. This Implementation Framework was developed through a highly consultative and participatory process by a multi-disciplinary committee drawn from all key ministries. It is comprehensive enough to address most of the issues relating to food and nutrition security in our context. We acknowledge that overcoming these challenges is our collective responsibility and we should work together to achieve our objectives. We are confident that this Implementation Framework will guide us to realize our national food and nutrition security goal: ― “Ensuring that all Kenyans enjoy at all times safe food in sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy their nutritional needs for optimal health”. Mr. Willy Bett, EGH Cabinet Secretary Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Dr. Cleopa Kilonzo Mailu, EGH Cabinet Secretary Ministry of Health Hon. Mwangi Kiunjuri, EGH Cabinet Secretary Ministry of Devolution and Planning Dr. Fred O. Matiang’i, EGH Cabinet Secretary Ministry of Education Hon. Eugene Wamalwa, EGH Cabinet Secretary Ministry of Water and Irrigation H.E Hon. Josphat Nanok, Chair, Council of Governors Governor Turkana County xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Food and nutrition security is a basic human right. It is with this in mind that the government through the relevant sector ministries developed the Food and Nutrition Security Policy and now this Implementation Framework as a guide in the development of action plans and programmes that address food and nutrition security matters. This Implementation Framework is a product of the review of the 2013-2017 draft that was not finalized after the adoption of the devolved governance system in 2013. Its development was through highly consultative and participatory processes led by a multi-disciplinary Technical Committee drawn from relevant sector ministries, with financial resources mobilized from the State Department of Agriculture. The additional financial support of the German Corporation for International Coorporation (GIZ) and United Nations Children Education Fund (UNICEF) at some stages during development of this Implementation Framework is highly acknowledged. I wish to acknowledge the leadership and guidance provided by the Cabinet Secretaries: Willy Bett (EGH) Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries; Hon. Eugene Wamalwa (EGH), Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation; Dr. Cleopa K. Mailu (EGH), Ministry of Health; Mr. Mwangi Kiunjuri (EGH), Ministry of Devolution and Planning; and Dr. Fred Matiang’I (EGH), Ministry of Education, in developing this Implementation Framework. The contributions of the County Executive Committee (CEC) Members responsible for Food and Nutrition Security matters during the County consultations are highly appreciated. The active role of Agriculture Secretary Ms. Ann Onyango and Dr. Johnson Irungu, Director Crops Resources, Agribusiness and Market Development in steering the review process is also highly acknowledged. The exemplary dedication and good work of the following members of the National Inter-ministerial Food and Nutrition Security Policy dissemination committee, under the coordination of Mary Mwale, is specially acknowledged: Stephen Andika, Hilda Njoroge, Jacinta Ngwiri, Christopher Macharia, Jane Wambugu, Eng. Musa Sang, Leonard K. Kamaru, Tom Kinara, and Kithama Mbolu of the Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries; Ian Thande Githae and Phanuel Webi of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation; Gladys Mugambi, Grace Gichohi, Leila Akinyi and Florence Mugo of the Ministry of Health; Tom Obunde of the Ministry of Devolution and Planning; and Sicily Matu of UNICEF. The team successfully conducted extensive consultations at both National and County levels during review of the first Draft Implementation Framework (2013-2017) to give rise to this version. Dr. Richard L. Lesiyampe, (PhD), CBS Principal Secretary, State Department of Agriculture xii xiii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY About 40% of Kenya’s population is poor and on average, 25% suffer from chronic food insecurity and poor nutrition. In recent years, it is estimated that at any one time about two million people require relief food assistance. During periods of drought, floods, or other calamities, the number of people in need more than doubles. The growing problem of food and nutrition insecurity in Kenya is linked to the stagnated growth of agricultural production, low use of agricultural technology, high food prices, frequent disasters and climatic change. These factors have a direct effect on most of the country’s population (75%) as they reside in the rural areas where agriculture dominates. Even though the country has generally experienced positive growth in agricultural output over the past four decades, it has experienced serious periodic food deficits especially the main staples. While Kenya has achieved modest and sustained economic growth, and maternal and child nutrition over the last two decades, food insecurity and poverty levels have not shown satisfactory improvement. The high burden of malnutrition in Kenya is not only a threat to the achievement of the goal of Kenya Vision 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but also a clear indication of inadequate realization of human rights. Regional disparities in nutrition indicators are significant with the chronically food-insecure spread across all counties in Kenya. While this scenario is true for some regions, some sections of the population especially in urban areas are showing an increase in over nutrition. Kenya’s past policies have had limited success in addressing the country’s food and nutrition insecurity due to several reasons. Chief among these being inadequate budgetary allocations to agriculture and health, unstable macro-economic conditions, limited involvement of the private sector, inadequate sectoral coordination, lack of effective monitoring and evaluation systems, limited stakeholder participation, and lack of a clear food and nutrition security strategy. This Implementation Framework is aligned to the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (NFNSP), in which both food security and nutrition are recognized as basic human rights. The framework takes the view that the right to food includes not only sufficient numbers of calories but the right to nutritious foods that guarantee health, growth and development throughout a person’s lifecycle. The overall goal of this framework for action to achieve food and nutrition security is “ensuring that all Kenyans enjoy at all times safe food in sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy their nutritional needs for optimal health”. The overarching framework covers all the four dimensions of food security—availability, accessibility, stability and meeting nutritional requirements. It also addresses the synergy linking food and nutrition security with poverty reduction. Four broad objectives have been derived from the overall goal: 1. To achieve good nutrition for optimum health of all Kenyans; 2. To increase the quantity and quality of food available, accessible and affordable to all Kenyans at all times; 3. To protect vulnerable populations using innovative and cost-effective safety nets and emergency relief programs linked to long-term development; and 4. To develop implementation arrangements that would achieve the objective of the policy. This Implementation Framework has been developed through a participatory and consultative process that was steered by a multi-disciplinary committee from all relevant Government ministries. The participants included technical staff of relevant government ministries including Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Public Health and Sanitation, Education, Water and Irrigation, Environment and Mineral Resources, Devolution and Planning. Several steps were undertaken in the process that included stakeholder consultative workshops and meetings to share relevant international, regional and national experiences, and to analyse both existing and new programs whose improved or new strategies had the potential to increase food security or address current nutrition challenges. The FNSP-IF recognizes the potential and significant efforts and range of on-going programs by all sectors and aims to support these initiatives and develop new xiv ones based on the identified cross-sectorial gaps and sector vision. The main goals of the IF are: i. To ensure that all Kenyans have the means to access affordable, nutritious and personally acceptable foods; ii. To guarantee a sustainable, safe and high quality food supply; and iii. To promote food consumption patterns that maximizes health and minimizes disease. These three goals will be addressed through strategic interventions discussed in this Implementation Framework. A multi-sector implementation structure is proposed to achieve the desired linkages, and to coordinate and monitor food and nutrition strategies at both national and county levels. The implementation structure emphasizes strong leadership at the Executive level and strengthening of inter-sectoral collaboration of all actors to create the desired synergy for achievement of the common goal. This will be achieved through the establishment of the National Food and Nutrition Security Council and Inter-ministerial Steering Committees at both National and County levels. The Council will be supported by a joint National Food and Nutrition Security Secretariat. The Secretariat will link the decision making and implementation actors at all levels. A robust Monitoring and Evaluation system is recommended in this framework. The Food and Nutrition Security Policy statements inform the implementation approaches, which are discussed in Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The objectives in the framework are supported by strategic interventions creating the Implementation Matrix captured in Appendix 1. Chapter 8 discusses the monitoring and evaluation framework critical to demonstrating results and measure performance of the implementation processes. A number of related programs are on-going and will require continued support and strengthening. In order to measure performance and achievement of results, a set of critical indicators harmonized with the Strategic Results Framework are set out in Appendix II. Finally, this FNSP-IF recognizes that policies without workable and fundable plans do not have much impact; strategies are needed to identify areas where better linkages will work; and that food and nutrition security improvement requires much greater cross-sectoral collaboration and synergies, which this Implementation Framework recommends. 1 1.0 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1.1 Introduction Freedom from hunger is a constitutional right for all Kenyans and the Government is strongly committed to reducing hunger and malnutrition, build self-reliance to reduce chronic food insecurity, as well as institute measures that assist those in need when emergencies occur. The Food and Nutrition Security Policy (FNSP) was developed as an overarching framework that covers multiple dimensions of food security and nutrition improvement to add value and create synergy to existing sectoral and other government and partner initiatives. It is framed in the context of basic human rights, child rights and women’s rights, including the universal ‘Right to Food’. This Food and Nutrition Security Policy Implementation Framework (FNSP-IF) is derived from the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (NFSNP) and expresses the scope within which action should occur. It further integrates the major policies, objectives, programs, institutional structures and related actions into a coordinated and cohesive approach to managing the multifaceted challenges of food and nutrition security. Thus, the FNSP-IF provides a mechanism through which the government, private sector, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other stakeholders will facilitate, in a comprehensive and coordinated manner, the implementation of actions to improve and ensure the food and nutrition security requirements of Kenyans. This will, in the most part, assist in boosting other spheres of the country’s economy and thus contribute to national development. It is only a food and nutritionally secure citizenry that can effectively participate in socio-economic activities. The elements of the Implementation Framework (IF) are aimed at achieving the objectives of the Food and Nutrition Security Policy by making food accessible to all Kenyans at all times in safe and nutritionally acceptable quality. It also seeks to improve food security for Kenyans even in times of instability, emergencies and natural calamities. This IF will strengthen coordination and networking among relevant public and private institutions across sectors such as agriculture, trade water and health locally, regionally and globally. In addition, it reinforces efforts to safeguard food and nutrition security for the vulnerable groups in society, youth and women in urban, rural and other institutional contexts. 1.2 Food and Nutrition Security Food security is understood to exist when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Ensuring food and nutrition security in Kenya is a critical challenge. Food security encompasses food availability through production, storage or imports; and the access to food by people through their purchasing power in markets. Access derives from the constitutionally ensured entitlements a household has to food, either through own-production of foodstuffs or through income to buy food in the market. The household makes decisions over the amount and kind of food produced or bought, prepared, and its internal distribution within the household. To achieve nutrition security, food security should be combined with education, a sanitary environment, clean water, adequate health services and proper care and feeding practices for all household members. The main elements of food and nutrition security, which are understood to include adequate food availability, adequate food access, and appropriate food use and nourishment, are influenced by several national and/ or household-level attributes. Food availability and access are influenced by both on-farm production and off farm factors. The on-farm factors include farm resources (inputs) such as land, capital assets and access to information from research through extension; while off-farm factors include infrastructural development, marketing, processing and wage employment. Food security is further seen as a relationship between household food consumption (which depends on availability and access) on the one hand and household structure (attributes), national and community level factors and on-farm and off--farm linkages on the other. Figure 1 shows the elements of national and household food and nutrition security, providing a simple conceptual scheme of food security and nutrition. 2 Resources: Natural Physical Human Technical Financial Adequate food availability (Own, other) Adequate food access (Own, other) Appropriate food use and nourishment Nutrition and Health Consumption: Food (own, purchased) Income: Farm Non-farm Production: -Farm Non-farm on-farm Non-farm off-farm NATIONAL/HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL ELEMENTS FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION ELEMENTS Improved availability through increased production, productivity and use efficiency of inputs Increased and stable incomes through sales, adequate markets for exchange, and wages Increased household food intake National and in house food distribution Food security and reduced poverty Figure 1: Elements of national and household food and nutrition security (Adopted from FANTA) One of the major attributes that determine the ability of a household to acquire adequate food is its ability to produce or purchase food. Implied in this is the ability of the household to use available resources efficiently. In turn, the resources should be sufficiently productive. Other attributes include the nature and extent of endowment of these resources to the household, production processes, income accrued from production, and the level and methods of consumption. Household food availability is influenced by own-production, production by other households (which influences the availability of loans and gifts), and food markets. Production levels are, in turn, influenced by the productivity of the resources (inputs) available. The resources may be natural, physical, human, technological and financial. Another major component of household-level elements of food security is production of farm and non-farm outputs, using the resources available such as land and labour. When land is limited, the labour resource of a household determines the income to be earned from non-farm employment to supplement own-farm production. Households may also be involved in generation of income from farm and/ or non-farm product sales. In addition to improved production, there should be improved in-house food distribution resulting in appropriate food use and intake and, therefore, adequate food consumption. When improved food availability and access is achieved, and assuming food is appropriately used, the household is then likely to realize improved nutrition and health. 1.3. Food and Nutrition Security Status Food and nutrition insecurity is closely linked to poverty. About 50% of the Kenyan population fall below the poverty line. Among these are those living in extreme poverty. Some of these are resident in relatively well-endowed rural and urban areas. Chronically food insecure people suffer from extreme poverty and 3 with no access to some of the safety net programmes available to those suffering acute food shortages during emergencies. Under-nutrition in Kenya is a serious public health challenge. For instance, chronic and acute malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and infectious diseases are prevalent, particularly among the rural populations and the urban poor. The main problems contributing to childhood malnutrition include inadequate household food security, inadequate care giving capacity, and an unhealthy environment coupled with limited access to health facilities, predisposing the young children to infections. Nutritional deficiencies significant in public health in Kenya include protein and energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency disorders, iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin A and zinc deficiencies. 1.3.1 Chronic and acute malnutrition Nutritional trends show that, nationally, 26% of children less than five years are stunted1, depicting chronic undernourishment, which remains a serious and national development concern. The 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) report shows that 4% are wasted and 11% are underweight (KDHS, 2014). There are significant regional disparities in nutrition indicators with the chronically food insecure in arid and semi-arid areas showing consistently higher levels of acute malnutrition with Turkana leading at 22.9%. Stunting is considered most serious because of the irreversible consequences. Stunting is highest in West Pokot and Kitui counties at 46%; Kilifi, Mandera, Bomet, Tharaka Nithi, Narok and Uasin Gishu counties at (31-39%); Kwale, Tana River, Lamu, Wajir, Marsabit, Meru, Embu, Machakos, Nyandarua, Samburu, Trans Nzoia, Uasin Gishu, Elgeyo Marakwet, Nandi, Baringo, Laikipia, Kericho, Kakamega, and Nairobi counties at (26-30%). The level of stunted children in the remaining counties range between 16-25%; while Nyeri, Garissa and Kiambu have the lowest with 15% (KDHS report 2014). As in many other parts of the world, children living in rural areas and children from poorer households are more likely to be malnourished. Urban poverty and vulnerability are increasingly at the forefront of joint efforts to address the needs of the increasing number of malnourished people living in informal settlements. This represents more than 60% of the population of Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu cities. 1.3.2 Micronutrient Deficiencies Micronutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent in Kenya, particularly at the critical stages of life when requirements for specific micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) are high. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies exist even among population groups with sufficient food in terms of meeting energy requirements. The Kenya National Micronutrient Survey (KNMS)2 conducted in 2011 showed that children under five years are particularly affected by micronutrient deficiencies: vitamin A (9.2%), anemia is 26.3%, iron deficiency 21.3% and iron deficiency anemia is 13.3%, zinc (83.3%), Women, especially pregnant women, are also among the most vulnerable with anemia prevalence of 41.6%, iron deficiency 36.1% and iron deficiency anemia is 26% among pregnant woman. Among non-pregnant women of reproductive age anemia prevalence is 21.9%, iron deficiency 21.3% and iron deficiency anemia 14%. (KNMS, 2011). The average national per capita calorie supply per day is less than the FAO recommended rate of 2,200 Kcal. Even in years of food self-sufficiency, chronic under-nutrition (nutritional stunting) affects nearly 30% of children, indicating insufficient food intake. This suggests that the problem goes well beyond national food availability and access. Thus, other major constraints to attaining good nutritional status include inadequate awareness and knowledge on nutritionally adequate diets, and limited resource allocation and capacity to support the implementation of comprehensive nutrition programs in the country. 1.3.3 Other diet-related Non-Communicable Diseases Kenya is increasingly faced with the emergence of diet-related non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, obesity and gout. These diseases are mainly caused by a change in lifestyle characterised by excessive intake of highly refined and high-fat foods, sugar and salt, coupled with limited 1. KDHS, 2014 2. Kenya National Micronutrient Survey, 2011 4 physical activity, a characteristic of urban settings. Obesity is especially a big challenge in urban areas with 33% of women of reproductive age being overweight or obese. The Kenya Stepwise Survey for NCD risk factors (2015) shows that 28% of Kenyans aged 18-69 years are either overweight or obese. With the percentage being significantly higher in women (38.5%) than men (17.5%). It is especially high in urban areas with 43% as compared to rural areas (26%). 47% of women in Nairobi overweight or obese and 4th and 5th wealth quintile being the most affected with 41% and 50% respectively. Almost half of women living in Nyeri, Kirinyaga and Mombasa are overweight or obese. NCDs account for 50% of total hospital admissions and over 55% of hospital deaths. Approximately 7% of Kenyans die from cancer, 22.6% of adults aged 18-69 years have raised blood pressure or currently on medication for raised BP while 2.3 have elevated levels of fasting blood glucose (Ministry of Health, 2015). Further, food safety is an important component of food security and nutrition considering that millions of children and adults suffer from ill-health due to effects of food-borne diseases. 1.4 Agricultural Performance and Economic Growth Economic performance has a direct bearing on the food and nutrition situation of the Kenyan people. In the first two decades after independence, the country was food self-sufficient and witnessed acceptable per capita consumption with significant economic growth and improvement in living standards. However, economic growth was not in tandem with population growth rates, therefore affecting per capita consumption patterns. The agricultural sector plays an important role in the overall economy of Kenya. Currently, the sector directly contributes about 26% of the GDP and an additional 25% through linkages with manufacturing, distribution and service sectors. In the years when the agricultural sector has shown impressive growth, so has the gross domestic product (GDP); when the sector has slipped, so has GDP. During the second half of the 1980s, for example, the annual growth in GDP peaked in 1986 at 5.5%. In that year, the agricultural sector grew at an impressive rate of 4.9%, similar to that of the early years after independence. In 1991, agricultural output fell by 1.1% and GDP declined to 2.3%. In 1992, it fell further by 4.2% and GDP slipped to its lowest level of 0.4% in the post-independence period. Within the period 1980–1990, the average economic growth declined to 3.5%, closely associated with dwindling agricultural performance. The period between 1990–2000, the average economic growth had declined to 1.3%, a reflection of the low agricultural growth rate compared to that of 6% during the first two decades after independence. In 2012 the agriculture sector powered the GDP growth from 4.4% in 2011 to 4.7% in 2012. This was attributed to the sector growth The growing problem of food and nutrition insecurity in Kenya is linked to the slow growth of agricultural production. Kenya has about 75% of its population residing in the rural areas where agriculture dominates. Over the last four decades, the country has generally experienced positive growth in agricultural output but has often not managed to achieve national food self-sufficiency. This is partly due to over reliance on rain fed agriculture (98%), which results in recurrent crop failures due to vagaries of weather and climate change; and fast human population growth. The net deficit in staple foods has been met mainly through food imports annually. Kenya often experiences episodic food deficits and in a number of cases acute food shortages. The per capita food availability has declined by about 25% over the past three decades. 1.5 National Food and Nutrition Security Policy 1.5.1 Policy Scope and Context The National Food and Nutrition Security Policy Sessional Paper Number 1 of 2012, recognizes food security as a basic human right. The overall goal of the policy is to ensure that all Kenyans throughout their lifecycle enjoy at all times safe food in sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy their nutritional needs for optimal health. The Policy provides an overarching framework covering all the four dimensions of food security— availability, accessibility, utilization and stability, as recognised by the World Food Summit. It also addresses the synergy linking food security and nutrition with poverty eradication. The broad objectives of the Policy are: 5 1) To achieve good nutrition for optimum health of all Kenyans 2) To increase the quantity and quality of food available, accessible and affordable to all Kenyans at all times 3) To protect vulnerable populations using innovative and cost-effective safety nets and emergency relief programs linked to long-term development The success of the NFNSP is anchored in several international and national initiatives and commitments to end hunger and extreme poverty. The policy is formulated within the context of the international conventions, ratified by the country. The new initiatives to improve food and nutrition security are in line with the declaration of the World Food Summit (WFS) of 1996; the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Task Force on Food and Nutrition Development (ATFFND); the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) of 2002; the Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Program (CAADP); and the Malabo Declaration of 2014. The Policy is also aligned to relevant national strategic planning documents including the Kenya Vision 2030 and the Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (ASDS) 2010-2020. Further, the policy is framed in the context of basic Human Rights, Child Rights and Women’s Rights; the Constitution of Kenya 2010: Article 43 (1) (c), Article 53 (l) (c), Article 21and Article 27. All these guarantee the right to food and adequate nutrition and the universal right to food and nutritional health and protection from discrimination. The right to food is considered as not only sufficient numbers of calories, but the right to nutritious foods that guarantee optimal health, growth and development throughout a person’s lifecycle. In the context of Child and Women’s Rights that are fundamental values, the policy also focuses on the right of every woman and child to share equally or to have greater shares of the available food because of their special needs, required for growth and development. 1.5.2. Policy Implementation Framework Past food policies have had limited success in addressing food and nutrition insecurity in the country. Some of the factors that have hindered effective implementation of the food policies include inadequate budgetary allocations, unstable macro-economic conditions, limited involvement of the private sector, inadequate sectoral coordination, ineffective monitoring and evaluation systems, and limited stakeholder participation. A major impetus for this Implementation Framework (IF) is the need to achieve higher levels of success in improving food and nutrition security. The IF recognizes the significant efforts and range of programs relevant to food and nutrition security that are on-going or are being planned for implementation within multiple sectors. The aim is to support these initiatives and develop new ones based on the identified cross-sectoral gaps. Thus, the IF identifies priority areas and implementation approaches to achieve food and nutrition security. It also includes a snap shot of programs and projects that operate in support of the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy. Among the factors underpinning the implementation framework is the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy that calls for multi-disciplinary approach at both National and County levels. An integrated approach with strong coordination mechanisms involving public-private partnerships, inter-ministerial linkages, County and National government synergies are clear requirements in achieving the envisaged goals. This implementation framework also proposes the strengthening of oversight and implementation structure, legislations and coordination mechanism for purposes of ensuring harmonised implementation in an accountable manner. Establishment of a National Food and Security Council, Steering Committees and other support institutions for supervision and coordination of all food and nutrition matters in the country are necessary. To enhance monitoring and evaluation (M&E), a framework including regular surveys at all levels will continuously provide feedback on progress of policy implementation by all stakeholders. Objectives of the Implementation Framework The main development objectives supported in this implementation plan are: 6 1. To guarantee a sustainable, adequate, safe and high quality food availability, 2. To ensure that all citizens have access to affordable, nutritious and socially acceptable foods, 3. To promote food consumption patterns that maximize health and minimize disease, and 4. To ensure collaboration and synergy among the institutions and related sector actors working to foster food and nutrition security The main challenges to be addressed include: • Low agricultural productivity hence low food self-sufficiency at household level. • Recurrent/chronic food insecurity affecting large populations both in urban and rural Kenya. • Poorly integrated and inefficient markets in agricultural sector that threaten food security. • Low access to high quality foods for many rural and urban population groups. • High levels of protein/energy malnutrition and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. • Low collaboration and synergy between some existing actors and programs. The priority program areas identified in this IF include: • National food availability • Food accessibility • Household resource productivity • Food safety, standards and quality control. • Nutrition improvement • Food and nutrition education in Schools and institutions • Food and nutrition in crisis and emergency • Food and nutrition security data and information management • Domestic water availability and access. These priority areas do not stand alone but are linked in a results matrix that brings development logic and causal effects to bear ( refer to figure 3). National and local governments implement many of these interventions, while the private sector, development partners and CSOs also implement related programs. Food and nutrition security requires robust collaboration and institutional strategies to identify areas where better linkage will work, and close the gaps. The IF indicates that policies without workable and fundable programs and cross linkages cannot be fully implemented. Thus, another important part of the implementation plan is the institutional framework that links the many existing partners. The IF aims at strengthening the sectoral impact by converging knowledge, actions, and learning across all relevant sectors and groups. Finally, this IF builds upon from the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy in several ways. First, it sets out implementation approaches, development objectives and interventions for the main Policy areas, discussed in 2, 3, 4, and 5. The objectives in the framework are supported by outputs and interventions to create a comprehensive framework, the Implementation Matrix, discussed in Appendix 1. Chapter 6, 8, and 7 presents the institutional and coordination arrangement, Results Framework and Monitoring and evaluation framework critical to demonstrate results and measure performance. 7 2.0 ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY OBJECTIVES 2.1 National Food Availability 2.1.1 Overview Food availability in the country is mainly considered in terms of cereal supply, however, at the national level, food availability is a combination of domestic food production, domestic food stocks, commercial food imports and food aid. Food availability is influenced by the ability of individuals and households to produce their own food in sufficient quantity and/or presence of adequate stocks in the food supply chain. Other factors include access and control of productive resources (land, seed and water), governance, legal and regulatory frameworks, the macroeconomic environment, gender dynamics, pests and disease outbreaks, emergencies and conflicts. Kenya’s per capita food availability has however declined by about 25% over the last three decades due to population increase and declining agricultural land productivity and the effects of climate change. The NFNSP presents the micro and macro-economic framework and incentives needed to increase food production and access in a sustainable manner; enhance availability of food that is diversified to promote health; expand food trade and market opportunities based on comparative and competitive advantages at domestic, regional and global levels; promote agro-processing and value addition; encourage investment in storage of surplus produce; establish and effectively manage strategic food reserves at county and national levels and improve re-distribution and accessibility of food from areas of high supply to deficit areas. 2.1.2 Domestic production Agricultural production systems are largely rain fed (98%), making them susceptible to impacts of climate change such as droughts and floods, which hinder production. ( Water Master plan 2030). The country has diverse agro–ecological zones. Areas with relatively high rainfall have experienced rapid population growth, deforestation and continuous cultivation of soils which has decreased farming area, and led to a decline in soil fertility and yields. The arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), which cover about 84% of the country, have the highest rate of food insecurity, due to unsustainable land and natural resources management practices such as over grazing and bush clearing and burning for charcoal. Significant loss of bio-diversity has been witnessed, which has adversely affected traditional sources of food, income and other basic needs of many rural communities. In addition the low budgetary allocation to the sector has affected the overall production of food for these communities. Urban and peril-urban agriculture holds potential to improve food access and overall food and nutrition security. However, there has been inadequate support, guidance and concerted effort to develop this potential, including support to capture fisheries and aquaculture. Further, food production potential is often unexploited due to the high cost of inputs. The objective is to increase agricultural productivity and production of food that is diversified, affordable and able to meet diverse nutritional requirements of all people. Strategic interventions: • Establishment of an Agricultural Development Fund • Increase in funding to food and agriculture sectors by at least 10% of the national budget • Promote sustainable food production systems with special attention to increasing soil fertility, agro biodiversity, organic farming and sustainable range and livestock management systems • Promote nutrient-rich foods through increased production, diversification and bio-fortification • Promote, expand and support sustainable irrigation and water management systems 8 • Promote measures that reduce cost of agricultural food production • Support and promote agro-forestry, afforestation and re-afforestation to enhance livelihood systems and environmental resources • Support investments in infrastructure, including roads, water, power, communications and markets, throughout the country to increase agricultural productivity • Promote integrated climate change adaptation in agricultural development programmes and policies • Improve weather forecasts and climatic change information dissemination to support communities respond to new opportunities and challenges • Promote Urban and Peri-Urban agriculture to improve food availability and access for better nutrition. 2.1.3 Domestic, Regional and International Food Trade Kenya has increasingly become dependent on food imports (30-40%) to bridge the national deficit. This is attributed to declining per capita food production and self-sufficiency, urbanisation and globalisation trends and changing feeding habits. While consumers may benefit from cheap food imports, there should be deliberate efforts to improve local production and food distribution. Cross-border trade in the region has been on the increase which improves regional food availability. However, the major challenge is to improve on distributive and market efficiency to reduce the cost of production for enhanced competitiveness. Whereas some parts of the country occasionally experience surplus, poor infrastructural networks have hampered food distribution from surplus to deficit areas. The objective is to promote national food availability and access through strategic liberalization of food trade and private sector participation along the value chains. Strategic interventions: • Review and harmonise food and related trade policies and regulations to promote domestic, regional and international food trade • Increase competitiveness of local agricultural produce by addressing the cost of production including infrastructural constraints • Support harmonization of regional and international food safety and quality standards and regulations • Institutionalize multi-sectoral food and agricultural trade, policy formulation, implementation and coordination • Negotiate for the removal of free trade barriers to trade by trade partners 2.1.4 Agro-Processing and Value-Addition The returns to agricultural production are relatively low as most produce is sold in its primary form. Small scale farmers operate at the lower levels of the commodity value-chains, with low profit margins, owing to their inability to engage in cottage industries or farm level agro-processing and value-addition. Whereas most of Kenya’s high quality agricultural produce such as tea and coffee is widely used for blending relatively low quality produce from other countries, the additional proceeds from the resultant products do not benefit the producers. The country has not adequately promoted the use of appropriate technology for value addition by small and medium scale enterprises. This has been exacerbated by inadequate infrastructure and insufficient access to sources of credit, knowledge and skills on appropriate technology. The objectives is to increase the level of value-addition for agricultural produce meant for domestic and export markets through adoption of appropriate technology and enhance net returns. 9 Strategic interventions: • Provide incentives to promote value-addition and agro-processing industries both in rural and urban areas. • Establish a fund to support SMEs involved in agro-processing and other means of value-addition • Empower youth and women to utilize allocated development funds for promotion of value-addition, cottage type industries and agro-processing development • Develop key infrastructure such as roads, power and water both in rural and urban areas to stimulate development of value-addition processes • Capacity development of agro-processors, particularly SMEs, to meet relevant quality and safety standards • Promote research and adoption of appropriate food processing methods and equipment suitable to the needs of small scale enterprise • Promote technology incubation or value addition equipment development 2.1.5 Storage facilities During periods of sufficient rainfall, Kenya often realises surplus harvests of many agricultural commodities, particularly maize, fruits, milk and pasture/fodder. However, a significant proportion of produce is lost due to inadequate and inappropriate storage facilities, poor storage practices and lack of deliberate initiatives in post-harvest management. It has been estimated that post-harvest losses for small scale producers for maize range from 30–40%; up to 50% for fruits and about 7% for milk per annum. Although the country generally lacks storage capacity, there are pockets of surplus capacity spread across the country under the management of National Cereals and Produce Board (NCPB). Out of the total NCPB storage capacity of 21 million bags (1.89 million tonnes), on average only about 40% of this is utilized. Farmers are at times forced to dispose of their produce at very low prices during glut periods due to lack of appropriate storage facilities. The objectives are to promote appropriate storage practices and expansion of storage facilities to extend shelf life and reduce farm losses. Strategic interventions: • Promote appropriate household post harvest handling of produce and food storage structures and practices for improved food and nutrition security • Develop farmers’ capacity to manage appropriate storage facilities from community to national level. 2.1.6 Strategic Food Reserve The Strategic Food Reserve, currently managed by NCPB, comprises of mainly maize grain. The reserve acts as a buffer to stabilize supply of cereals in the market. The Strategic Food Reserve Trust Fund is also meant to cushion farmers from depressed market prices during glut periods, and to provide a first line of protection for coping with food emergencies. The recommended stocking level of the SFR, is at least 4 million Bags (3.6million MT) plus a cash equivalent for the same quantity of grain. However, NCPB is often not able to make prompt purchases of grain for the strategic reserve owing to insufficient funds. Further, other foods, other than maize should be included in the SFR. The objective therefore is to diversify and attain sufficient nutritious foods in the SFR to stabilize food supply and staple food market prices. 10 Strategic interventions: • Increase budget support to the SFR to include other critical foodstuffs such as sorghum, millet, rice, pulses, milk, meat, fish, root crops, fruits, nuts and livestock feeds. • Regularly review the appropriate stocks and cash levels for the SFR based on demographic, economic and climate dynamics. • Institutionalise and strengthen management of the Strategic Food Reserve (SFR) at national and county levels. • Encourage continuous research and technology transfer for effective management of the SFR 2.1.7 Commercialization of Agriculture The vision of the Government is to transform Kenya’s agriculture into a profitable commercially oriented, internationally and regionally competitive Sector that provides gainful employment. Currently, the major hindrances to commercialization of agriculture include low profitability of the agricultural sector due to high cost of production, poor access to agricultural support services, multiple taxation, and inefficient market systems. The sector can provide gainful employment and income if productivity and profitability area guaranteed. The objective is to increase net incomes from farming and related value chain activities. Strategic interventions: • Build the capacity of farmers, SMEs and Cooperatives to undertake farming as a business along commodity value-chains • Strengthen support services including extension and provision of financial services for sustainable commercialization of Agriculture. • Support marketing of agricultural produce and products both locally and internationally. • Promote the development and consumption of locally produced agricultural products. • Promote linkages between supply and market demands through Public Private Partnerships. • Strengthen legislation of food marketing and institutions to protect all actors along commodity value chains • Expand food production through irrigation especially in the ASALs • Promote agricultural research, innovation and technology transfer and uptake in production and post harvest management • Streamline the taxation regime for food commodities to avoid multiple taxation along the value chains 2.2 Food Accessibility Food access is ensured when all households and individuals within those households have sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet. It is dependent on the level of household resources: – capital, labour and knowledge; and on food prices. Access is influenced by the ability of individuals and households to produce their own food in sufficient quantity and to generate sufficient income to purchase food, effectiveness and efficiency of infrastructure, effectiveness of food distribution systems and the affordability of food prices. Other limiting factors include: control of productive resources (land, seed and water), governance, legal and regulatory frameworks, the macroeconomic environment, gender dynamics, disabling diseases, emergencies and conflicts. High poverty levels have affected household access to food. While most of the poor live in rural areas, the number of urban poor is rising fast and requires special focus and support. Kenyans living in urban areas 11 mainly rely on markets for some or all of their food needs, therefore there is need to improve markets and access to food. 2.2.1 Improvement and Expansion of On-Farm and Off-Farm Employment Agricultural enterprises provide the bulk of employment to the rural population. However, income levels in these areas are generally low with high unemployment rates. These have exacerbated rural-urban migration putting pressure on the services and resources in urban centres. The high unemployment rates and low incomes are due to limited access to productive resources, low technology uptake, inadequate marketing infrastructure, low value-addition initiatives and inadequate regulatory frameworks. The target of the government is to collaborate with other stakeholders in the creation of on-farm jobs to increase on-farm employment at a rate of 5% per year on a sustainable basis; and double the share of off farm employment with respect to on-farm employment. The objective is to support measures that enhance rural employment opportunities as a means of increasing the level of food and nutrition security. Strategic interventions: • Support measures that improve security and access to land, water and technologies especially by women, pastoralists and child-headed households. • Support cooperatives, out-grower schemes and fair trade policies to increase the share of small producers in the production and export of high value crops and livestock. • Review minimum wages regularly to taking into account the food and nutrition needs, inflation rates and labour productivity. • Simplify business registration, licensing and regulation through the introduction of multi-user licences and operationalization of the Single Business Permits to minimize bureaucracy. • Provide legal and institutional support to small rural enterprises • Enhance linkages with training institutions to diversify technological innovations, research and development • Strengthen business linkage opportunities by encouraging the establishment of agro-processing enterprises. • Support investment in rural infrastructure including access roads and locally generated renewable energy to lower production and marketing costs. 2.2.2 Improvement of Urban and Peri-Urban Food Accessibility Urban and peri-urban agriculture is increasingly being practiced and holds potential to improved food access and overall food and nutrition security in these areas. However, to date, there has been inadequate support, guidance and effort to develop this potential. Past policies and strategies did not adequately address chronic food insecurity of urban and peri-urban poor. Additionally, regulatory guidelines do not guarantee the safety and quality of food produced, sold and consumed in these areas. Though the informal sector provides the bulk of employment opportunities, the wages are generally low. While the government has taken some measures to provide a favourable environment for urban food trade, the production, value addition and processing activities are not closely monitored resulting in the emergence of new challenges of food safety and quality assurance. The situation is further exacerbated by uncoordinated and poor waste management, and lack of safe water for irrigation. 12 Domestic and industrial wastewater is at times used in urban farming because it is the only reliable source of water for irrigation. However, use of untreated wastewater introduces the risk of exposure to high microbial and chemical contaminants by handlers and consumers of the agricultural produce. Poor waste disposal may also increase the risk of contamination of crops and farm produce. The objective is to promote and regulate safe peri-urban agriculture for enhanced food security, and to promote employment creation activities for improved household incomes in order to enhance food accessibility in the urban and peri-urban settings. Strategic interventions: • Fast track implementation of the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) policy. • Review and streamline regulatory frameworks governing urban and peri-urban agriculture. • Review and streamline regulatory frameworks governing formal and informal sectors focusing on employment creation and poverty alleviation. • Support and promote mechanisms that enhance agro-processing, small businesses and entrepreneurial skills. • Provide an appropriate working environment and suitable zones for the informal sector. • Support activities that enhance the income generation capacity of vulnerable people with special needs.. • Promote urban and peri-urban agricultural extension services for safe food production 2.2.3 Improving Food Access and Functioning of Markets Efficient and effective markets are a pre-requisite for optimum benefit for producers, intermediary traders, processors and consumers. There are on-going government efforts to enhance infrastructure development geared towards addressing inadequate access to markets. The key market infrastructure includes roads, power, telecommunications, work spaces, water and sanitation, among others. Furthermore, poor market information systems have significantly contributed towards poor functioning of the markets. The objective is to improve market infrastructure, marketing skills and information systems for effective and efficient market functioning and access to food. Strategic interventions: • Establish and maintain efficient market infrastructure to facilitate food access. • Develop capacity building programs for food producers and traders. • Improve governance and accountability of service providers in development and modernization of food commodity markets. • Enforce the physical planning rules and regulations in market systems. • Develop a comprehensive data base for agricultural products, markets and an information flow system for food market players. 2.2.4 Cultural, Social and Political Aspects in Food Access Cultural, social, governance and political factors play a key role in food production, processing, distribution, storage and consumption. Culture is known to influence intra-household food access. Women play a key role in primary agricultural production. Men and youth are more interested in cash intensive activities leaving the perceived low income generating food production to the women. This has contributed to the current status of food insecurity since women do not have adequate access to improved technologies and other productive resources. There is need to integrate more men and youth in food value chain systems. 13 Food accessibility is further influenced by the political environment which is exacerbated by the slow pace of appropriate policy development and implementation, corruption, lack of accountability and poor governance. Lack of basic water and sanitation services also perpetuate the cycle of poverty, reduces household resources and opportunities to access nutritious foods. The poorest households spend a significant proportion of their income on securing water for general household needs, including food preparation. This is often diverted from their meagre food budget, and even when food is available, sometimes households cannot afford water for cooking and drinking. The objective is to mainstream cultural, social and political considerations in the food and nutrition security strategies and activities, with particular attention to vulnerable groups (such as women, children and PLWHA). Strategic interventions: • Advocate for the enforcement of Human Right to Food and Nutritional Health; and protection from hunger, discrimination of right holders by duty bearers. • Sensitize communities to discard retrogressive cultural practices with regard to access to nutritious foods. • Facilitate access to land and other production resources especially for youth and women • Promote active involvement of youth and men in food production activities. • Enhance access to technology and promote adoption by vulnerable groups especially women and youth • Fast track development and implementation of policies that enhance access to food. • Promote accountability and good governance at all levels. 2.3 Household Resource Productivity 2.3.1 Accessibility to Productive Resources for Rural Agriculture High levels of poverty in the country have exacerbated food insecurity and vulnerability problems. At the household level the problem of poverty includes, in addition to inadequate incomes, factors such as poor access to productive resources like land (including pasture), seeds, water, technology and affordable credit. Other limitations relate to inadequate knowledge on existing agricultural and livestock support services. There is unequal access to, control and management of productive resources across gender which needs to be addressed. Poor organisation of farmers and their institutions have further compromised their abil ity to advocate and demand for better services. Disabling diseases such as HIV/AIDS pandemic have also impacted negatively on agricultural labour and service delivery, compounding the problem of erosion of productive resources. The objective is to improve equity in access and control of productive resources and harness the existing potential of productive resources by all genders and vulnerable groups. Strategic interventions: • Develop an Agriculture Land Use Master Plan • Establish an efficient and easily accessible land registry system. • Adopt participatory approaches to rural development and sustainable management of productive resources. • Promote equitable access to, control and management of productive resources across gender. 14 • Strengthen the capacity of communities to adapt to changing needs, environmental and socio economic conditions. • Promote technical and social options for improvement of productivity and incomes in marginal agricultural areas and other fragile ecosystems. • Improve information flow and networking among stakeholders. • Facilitate benefit sharing from community resources through sustainable management and conservation 2.3.2 Sustainable Intensification and Diversification of Agricultural Production Systems The growth rate in per capita food production has not kept pace with population growth rate in the country. High population density in high and medium agro-ecological areas has placed too much pressure on land leading to sub-divisions into non-economical units and encroachment into fragile ecosystems. In addition, over-reliance on rain-fed agriculture, unsustainable water, pastures and land use management practices have exacerbated this problem. High costs of inputs and limited diversification in terms of production of nutrient-rich foods have increased the risks of livelihood failure and health challenges. Increased produc tivity of small land units and marginal ecosystems can be ensured through intensification of the production processes and diversification for adaptability to various agro-ecological zones. The objective is to promote agricultural intensification through sustainable and efficient use of produc tive resources and reduce the risk of livelihood failure and nutritional health challenges facing vulnerable households. Strategic interventions: • Promote appropriate intensified and sustainable agricultural production systems that are friendly to fragile ecosystems • Promote diversification and production of nutrient rich foods • Strengthen research and research-extension-farmer linkages to enhance flow and utilisation of technical information appropriate for intensified and diversified agricultural production systems. • Support the development of training guidelines for the promotion of intensified and diversified agricultural production systems. 2.3.3 Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture Although urban and peri-urban areas have generally very small land holdings, there exists substantial po tential for agricultural production. However, the urban by-laws discourage any agricultural activities within municipalities. There are instances where water from raw sewage, including waste products from indus tries, is used to grow crops in urban and peri-urban areas. Keeping animals in urban and peri-urban areas can also be a public nuisance particularly in congested areas. There is need to develop guidelines for agri cultural land use in urban and peri-urban areas. The objective is to improve household food availability, through urban and peri-urban agriculture. Strategic interventions: • Develop guidelines for urban and peri-urban agriculture • Review the urban and peri-urban agriculture regulatory framework to align it with the developed legislation and guidelines. • Target sensitization and capacity building of farmers and other stakeholders on good agricultural practices in urban and peri-urban areas. 15 • Strengthen monitoring and surveillance system in enforcement of urban/peri-urban agricultural production rules and regulations. 2.3.4 Food Storage, Preservation and Value-addition The post-harvest losses and food waste at household level as a result of poor storage facilities, utilization and handling practices are high. These ranges from 10% - 40% of maize produced locally, 50% of fresh vegetable produce and an average of 2-5% of milk produced per annum. There are also high levels of post harvest contamination that pose health risk to consumers. Effective preservation and processing of food is hindered by factors such as access to and limited knowledge on storage and preservation techniques and fluctuations in output due to seasonality and over-reliance on rain-fed agriculture. There is need to enhance use and application of modern cost-effective food and forage storage and preservation technologies at household level for the realization of food and nutrition security. The objective is to minimize post-harvest losses and waste at house-hold level by enhancing capacity of households in food and forage storage, preservation and processing /value addition. Strategic interventions: • Sensitize and promote community based food storage and preservation. • Promote research and development of appropriate technologies for food/forage handling, preservation, value-addition and storage. • Enhance capacity of households on indigenous technical knowledge and appropriate safe handling, preservation, value-addition and storage technologies of food products. • Facilitate development of support infrastructure for cold storage and processing in food production zones. • Promote warehouse receipting systems for storage of grains and other foods in all counties 2.4 Food Safety And Quality The Kenyan food safety and quality control system is multi-sectoral in approach and is embodied in various statutes implemented by various Government ministries/departments and regulatory agencies. This has cre ated inefficiencies, gaps or lack of accountability in the national food safety control system resulting in re currence of food related hazards, rejections of export food shipments and other undesirable consequences. The National Food Safety Bill 2007, proposes to addresses Food Safety concerns in the broad areas of legislation, institutional framework, monitoring and evaluation, traceability, resources, information, educa tion and communication. The Bill envisages protecting and promoting consumer health while facilitating the orderly development of the food industries as well as fair practices in food trade. This will also ensure the country fulfils the international obligations or conventions, particularly those arising from member ship in international organizations such as in the World Trade Organization. Furtherance to this, through the implementation of the National Food Safety Policy, all the existing food control infrastructure and services will be effectively coordinated to eliminate areas of overlap and conflict. There is therefore need to develop participatory national food safety legislation to ensure the policy is implemented systematically and effectively. While the proposed National Food Safety Bill provides for the formal food safety control mechanisms, the responsibility of food safety rests with all players along the food chains. The main objective is to establish and maintain a rational, integrated farm-to-fork food safety system and to protect the public health and nutrition. Strategic interventions: • Review and harmonize the current laws and regulations to address emerging challenges pertaining to food safety and provide for functional responsibilities along the food value chain at both 16 national and counties levels. • Enhance linkages between research and industry to promote food safety and quality control. • Develop an effective farm to folk food safety monitoring and evaluation system to ensure that only safe food is availed to consumers. • Strengthen capacity of institutions to undertake risk analysis and early warning at both national and county levels in order to prevent outbreak of food borne illnesses and diseases. • Mobilize resources to mainstream food safety and quality concerns in programme planning and implementation at both national and county levels • Develop a mechanism for certification and accreditation of food testing laboratories and maintain an inventory of certified/accredited laboratories for food testing and analysis • Establish data banks on food safety at National and County levels by taking inventory of expertise and scientific works. • Harmonize and strengthen inter-agency efforts in food safety and quality control monitoring to minimize overlaps and inter-agency conflicts. • Develop a safeguard mechanism for safe food trade, communication, feedback and information dissemination for consumer protection and other food chain actors 17 3.0 NUTRITION IMPROVEMENT Achieving food security will only translate to nutrition security if utilization component of food is well addressed. Agriculture production also leads to increased income. This is further enhanced with increased youth and women empowerment in agricultural production. 3.1 Nutrition Throughout Life Cycle This Policy Implementation Framework adopts a lifecycle approach, which focuses on the health and nutri tion needs of individuals. The lifecycle approach focuses on the health and nutrition needs of individuals through the six stages of human developmental and physiological lifecycle. The six stages include; preg nancy and the new-born, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, adulthood and the older persons. The nutritional needs change with different physiological states and developmental life cycle stages in terms of specific nutrient types, amounts and varieties of food. Using the lifecycle approach will ensure that nutritional needs of different age groups and stages of life are addressed appropriately. This will entail promoting optimal maternal, infant and young child nutrition; and improving nutrition care and support systems for older children, adolescents, adults and elderly persons. The objective is to maintain optimal nutrition for developmental and physiological functions at all stages throughout the human lifecycle. Strategic interventions: • Develop, review and disseminate appropriate cohort specific nutrition guidelines • Institutionalise routine assessment and monitoring of the nutritional status of all cohorts • Strengthen and support nutrition support systems for all cohorts at community, health facilities and workplaces. • Promote and scale up high impact nutrition interventions while addressing disparities in various contexts including informal child care centres • Promote consumption of diversified and nutritionally adequate diet across cohorts in the lifecycle. • Implement and enforce Food and Nutrition related legislation and regulations • Strengthen linkages with other sectors to promote good nutrition in all cohorts. • Strengthen and support integration of nutrition agenda in all agriculture sector projects and programs designs and plans in value chains and food security activities • Promote hygienic food preparation, research and adoption of appropriate household food processing methods to reduce post-harvest losses and seasonality of food 3.2 Micronutrient Deficiency Prevention and Control There is a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the population in Kenya that affects mostly children under five years and women of reproductive age. There is a need to focus on micronutrients since they contribute to reduction in morbidity, mortality and improve overall development and well being of an individual. Strategies to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies include short term strategies such as supple mentation, promotion of consumption of micronutrient rich foods and long-term strategies such as dietary diversification, fortification and public health measures, among others. The objective is to reduce and prevent micro-nutrient deficiencies and disorders to promote public health among all cohort groups in Kenya. 18 Strategic interventions: • Promote production, appropriate utilization and preservation of micronutrient-rich foods at household level. • Promote consumption of diversified and nutritionally adequate diets throughout the lifecycle. • Formulate legislation to promote blending of flours using traditional high value crops to guarantee production, productivity and consumption of these crops for improved food and nutrition security. • Scale-up programs to promote and facilitate fortification, or bio-fortification of widely consumed staple foods, cooking oils and sugar. • Strengthen routine and therapeutic micronutrient supplementation (vitamin A, iron and folate, zinc) for children, women and identified vulnerable groups • Scale up interventions on public health measures that prevent micronutrient deficiencies • Develop a monitoring and evaluation system on micronutrient deficiency prevention and control. • Develop, review and implement micronutrient guidelines and strategies 3.3 Nutrition Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization Food and nutrition promotion agenda has not been given the priority it deserves for a long time. There is need to advocate for promotion of food and nutrition agenda to ensure that it is well articulated and prior itized by Government and other stakeholders in decision making and planning. Reducing malnutrition calls for a multi-sectorial focus, driven by a political good will that acknowledges the integral role that nutrition plays in ensuring a healthy population and productive workforce. At population level, nutrition knowledge is a key aspect in confronting malnutrition at all levels of society and in all sectors. Therefore, there is need to foster social mobilization and communication strategies in order to influence decision making, behaviour change and modelling for healthy lifestyles. The objectives are: i. To improve prioritization, generate demand and adoption of food and nutrition agenda ii. To enhance knowledge on nutrition and encourage attitude change towards diets among the population for enhanced and healthy lifestyles. Strategic interventions: • Increase and sustain the political prioritization of nutrition at both National and County levels • Improve and maintain an enabling policy environment in support of an affectively coordinated and integrated food and nutrition sector. • Increase financial resource allocation and expenditure on nutrition programmes. • Develop and implement a comprehensive nutrition advocacy, communication and social mobilization strategy. • Scale up and strengthen the human capacity and skills for nutrition promotion in the sector • Improve knowledge and attitudes on optimal nutrition for increased demand of nutrition services and practices • Strengthen community engagement, participation and feedback mechanism in nutrition services and decision making processes • Promote utilization of appropriate energy and time saving technologies for nutrition promotion. 19 3.4 Nutrition and Infection Infection compromises the nutritional status of people, particularly the vulnerable who include children, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly. Malnutrition is the single greatest underlying cause of child mortality in Kenya, estimated at 50%. Very often, infection and malnutrition become a spiral that leads to more illness and malnutrition, and for many, especially young children, to death. Improved survival and quality of life of individuals is therefore achieved through adequate nutrition. The aim of nutrition care and support for people with infections is to attain and maintain healthy weight and body composition, improve the immune system and optimize medical therapy. An integrated approach for nutritional care and support in disease management is necessary. Further, food safety in the home, at school lunch programs, and in the work place through the use of hygiene practices such as safe drinking water and washing of hands are cru cial for food safety and disease prevention. Inadequate safe drinking water, poor sanitation, and improper hygiene often cause under-nutrition due to diarrheal and other intestinal tract diseases. The objective is to improve the nutritional care, treatment and support during illness to support optimal body healing and functioning. Strategic interventions: • Review, develop,and implement national guidelines and standards for nutritional care and support during illness and diseases management. • Strengthen the capacity of healthcare providers to give optimal nutrition care, treatment and support in management of illnesses/diseases • Promote programs on awareness creation on disease prevention strategies at household level including investment in safe water and sanitation facilities • Promote integration of water sanitation and hygiene with food and nutrition promotion • Promote resource allocation and mobilization for medical nutrition therapy in all health facilities. • Increase public awareness on nutrition management during infection and illness • Promote appropriate management of malnutrition of pregnant and lactating women • Strengthen referral mechanisms and linkage between the community and health facility 3.5 Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases There is an increase in the prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, some cancers, kidney and liver diseases in Kenya. This is largely attributed to dietary change reflected in the consumption of foods low in fibre and highly refined foods high in fat, sugar, and salt. These changes have been occasioned by changing lifestyles due to increased urbanization and globalization. There is limited awareness in the population about the effects of these lifestyle changes on health. There is an urgent need to determine the magnitude and effect of these diseases and to address their prevention, control and management modalities. The objective is to halt and reverse the prevalence of diet related NCDs and enhances their control and management. Strategic interventions: • Develop and implement a national nutrition guidelines for the management of NCDs • Promote routine screening of diet related NCDs • Increase support to programs on Screening, assessment, prevention and management of diet related NCDs. • Support research and monitor prevalence and trends of NCDs using the life cycle approach to create healthy lifestyles and effective nutrition interventions 20 • Sensitize and create awareness on the economic impacts of diet related NCDs and the importance of healthy lifestyles to prevent diet related diseases. • Promote increased production and utilization of nutrient dense indigenous foods to prevent common nutrition related NCDs. • Enhance public sensitization on healthy diets and lifestyles to reduce diet related diseases conditions. 3.6 Urban Nutrition Urban poverty and vulnerability is on the increase affecting about 50% of the people living in informal set tlements. Urban households spend up to 70 % of their income on staple foods, and are the most affected by inflation of basic food commodities. This impacts negatively on school attendance as families try to cope. On the other hand, there is an increase in diet related chronic diseases as a result of obesity due to utiliza tion of highly processed foods. This poses a double burden of nutrition nationally. The objective is to promote optimal nutrition and health for urban dwellers. Strategic Interventions: • Establish an effective monitoring system to track urban malnutrition and other issues affecting people living in urban areas. • Analyse and address the barriers to multi-sectorial scaling up of high impact nutrition interventions in urban areas. • Promote multi-sectoral coordination, joint planning and implementation by establishing linkages with relevant sectors for enhanced urban nutrition. 3.7 Nutrition in Schools, Public and Private Institutions Good nutrition is important for an active, productive and healthy life. Individuals who are confined or spend long hours away for their homes need special nutrition attention to ensure optimum nutritional health. There is need to review and harmonize guidelines for the achievement of adequate nutrition in schools, hospitals, institutions for higher learning, prisons, children’s homes, early childhood development centres, and homes for older persons, among others. School meals and nutrition program in Kenya is one of the successful institutional meals programs. How ever, this is only implemented in some parts of the country, mainly to address short term hunger. Many chil dren go to school without breakfast and do not carry snacks to eat during time spent in school. This leads to under-nutrition and affects learning, resulting in poor performance, absenteeism and dropouts. There is need to improve nutrition status of school children to increase enrolment, retention and performance at school. Malnutrition in early childhood affects school enrolment, retention and overall performance. Good nutri tion therefore is essential to realise the learning potential of children and to maximise returns to educational investments. Nutrition education and promotion of good nutrition practices in schools are known to have a significant effect in fostering healthy eating habits. Further, schools provide an ideal setting to promote nutrition education and good nutrition habits early in life. Institutional meals and nutrition needs to be regulated and monitored to ensure optimal nutrition for differ ent target groups. Nutrition management in the hospital is disease specific and individualized. Currently, the health management system does not adequately respond to patients’ nutrition needs. In addition, regulatory mechanisms need to be developed or strengthened in order to monitor public health nutrition aspects in all institutions. The objective is to transition institutional meals and nutrition programs to ensure optimal nutritional health for all individuals in the institutions. 21 Strategic interventions: • Develop, harmonize and disseminate institutional meals and nutrition guidelines to promote the provision of nutritious meals to individuals in schools, private and public institutions • Promote appropriate food safety, water sanitation and hygiene interventions in all institutions where provision of meals is part of the programs. • Promote establishment of agricultural production projects at institutions (gardens, livestock and fish) for diverse foods and income generation. • Mainstream basic nutrition training curriculum for all meal service providers in schools and other institutions • Enforce compliance to food standards through capacity building, certification and licensing of food handlers and other service providers in the institutions • Promote use of time and energy saving technologies to enhance institutional capacity in providing nutritionally adequate diets. • Establish linkages between routine health and nutrition services providers and institutions • Scale up home grown institutional meals approaches in all areas 3.8 Food and Nutrition Education in Schools and Institutions The current curriculum for primary and secondary schools, and institutions of higher learning does not include nutrition as a core subject. As a result, a significant proportion of the school population is not ad equately sensitized on good nutrition. Nutrition education can be a long team measure in addressing the challenges of malnutrition through fostering long term healthy eating habits. This has immediate and long term health benefits for individuals and their families.. The objective is to create and promote nutrition knowledge in schools and institutions for the achievement of optimal nutritional health and active life. Strategic interventions: • Integrate food and nutrition education in school curricula at all levels including teacher training, pre-service and in-service training institutions • Build the capacity of school management and teachers on early identification of health and nutrition problems and timely referral for appropriate action. • Develop, review and disseminate appropriate food and nutrition Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials • Strengthen and establish young farmers 4K and 4H clubs for demonstrations on production of nutrient rich foods that promote nutrition and health • Promote linkages between routine health and nutrition services providers, including regular monitoring of nutritional status; • Support the detection and referral of malnourished individuals to health facilities, counselling services, social protection, or meals programmes and other community agencies and services. 22 23 4.0 FOOD AND NUTRITION DURING CRISIS AND EMERGENCY 4.1 Emergency Preparedness The main disasters that lead to food and nutrition emergencies in Kenya are droughts, floods, fires, land slides, armed conflict and displacements, human/wildlife conflicts, political upheavals, pest and diseases outbreak, market disruptions, food price fluctuations, chronic poverty and marginalization. Some disasters such as droughts and floods are predictable and can be planned for with a view to reducing their adverse impact. Generally, poor management of crises in the past have contributed to poor access to water, sanita tion, health care and erosion of livelihoods, leading to emergencies. The Government is tasked with the protection of people’s right to adequate quantity and quality of food at all times and to ensure that food security and nutrition is sustained even in times of emergencies. The objective of emergency preparedness is to reduce risk and vulnerability to food insecurity and malnu trition occasioned by such disasters, thus preventing crises from developing into emergencies. Strategic interventions: • Strengthen and support early warning system(s) to detect and provide timely crucial information on potential food insecurity and malnutrition. • Support integrated vulnerability analysis for emergency preparedness • Establish and strengthen food and animal feed distribution infrastructure and networks in crisis prone areas. • Enhance support to appropriate social protection (SP), schemes to protect vulnerable populations. • Enhance budget support to the Strategic Food Reserves for maintenance of appropriate food reserve stocks and price controls. • Enhance capacities and opportunities for improving and sustaining food security livelihood assets and strategies. • Enhance the contingency funds to manage emerging food and nutrition crises. • Support continuous peace building initiatives and enhancement of national security • Develop capacity of disaster response institutions to mitigate disasters effectively. 4.2 Emergency Response Emergency interventions during crisis are always costly and outweigh the capacity of Government to re spond in an effective and timely manner. The response to crisis has generally been affected by ineffective coordination, poor resource management and accountability. The decision making processes have been top-down sometimes leading to implementation of programmes in some instances without considering the preferential needs of the recipients. Poor and untimely responses in many cases has in the past led to an increase in malnutrition, loss of lives and livelihoods amongst the affected. The Government is committed to reducing vulnerability to shocks and to assist those in need when emer gencies occur and to reduce recurrent food insecurity and malnutrition. Food and nutrition emergencies arise when depleted food supplies are not replaced in the short term which predisposes people to a high risk, or actual rise in mortality due to acute malnutrition. This therefore is considered the most serious public health problem in an emergency. Emergency food security and nutrition interventions are intended to pro tect affected populations to maintain access to adequate and nutritious food. The objective is to establish a well-coordinated response mechanism that ensures all persons in emergen cies receive timely and appropriate assistance to protect their food security and nutritional status and to avoid loss of lives and livelihoods. 24 Strategic interventions: • Strengthen public-private sector for effective coordination mechanisms for efficient and effective emergency response. • Streamline and harmonies guidelines for timely management of targeted responses during emergencies • Promote and support mechanisms for devolved decision making for emergency response • Strengthen financial and technical capacity of devolved structures to respond to crisis. • Promote timely operationalization of contingency programmes, plans and funds • Promote priority intervention actions that minimize the loss of lives and livelihoods • Promote emergency intervention programs that address special nutrition needs of the affected population. • Establish an effective monitoring and evaluation system for the assessment of impacts of responses. 4.3 Recovery, Building Resilience and Long-Term Development Recovery from emergency situations has been poor leading to cumulative loss of livelihood assets. The problem has been accentuated by the climatic variability, global economic downturn, political uprising and conflict over resources. It is therefore necessary to deliberately plan for interventions that link emergency to recovery and long-term development to ultimately lift affected populations out of high vulnerability situ ations. All emergency response interventions should have recovery and long term development plans integrated in the programme design. To effectively address the issue of chronic poverty, it is essential to move poor households from relief to resilience and development. Traditionally emergency response and development programming have been distinctly separated in both Government and Development Partner programming. The objective is to improve post-emergency recovery through resilience building and long term develop ment in order to reduce vulnerability of the populations to food and nutrition insecurity. Strategic interventions: • Invest in disaster recovery programmes to mitigate the impact of disasters • Promote household and community managed disaster risk reduction and resilience building measures • Promote appropriate social protection schemes to protect communities from food and nutrition insecurity. • Support integration of Supplementary and Therapeutic feeding programs for populations with specific nutrition needs. • Promote and support livelihood recovery programs by addressing primary production factors to improve food availability and access. • Promote programs that activate market functioning and service provision • Support primary health care/essential nutrition action programmes to promote health and nutrition security. • Enhance school enrolment, retention and completion rates among food insecure households through appropriate programming. • Establish and promote livelihood insurance schemes to cushion and support communities to recover from emergencies 25 5.0 FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION 5.1 Data Collection and Information Management There are many organizations, both government and non-governmental, involved in food and nutrition programs. Currently, there are several information systems serving different sub-sectors of the agricultural sector yet these are not linked in any way. This situation is compounded by the lack of a harmonised ag ricultural information management system. Most analyses in food and nutrition are usually conducted for specific purposes and therefore limited in scope and depth. Capacity for cross-sectoral analysis of food and nutrition security is inadequate. There is need to enhance capacity and coordination of food and nutrition information and knowledge systems, including data collection and management. The objective is to enhance capacity for cross-sectoral data collection and management and coordination to facilitate information sharing and widespread utilization. Strategic interventions: • Establish and strengthen coordination mechanisms on food and nutrition security information systems. • Strengthen capacity of the relevant institutions in cross-sectoral data collection and management at national and county levels. • Streamline management and sharing of food and nutrition security information and knowledge management systems across sectors. • Conduct inventory/diagnosis and needs assessment of data collection and management systems for both short and long-term decision making. • Standardize and harmonize data sets and storage between the two levels of government and in various institutions for improved data sharing. • Review existing legislation on data collection and sharing to enhance access and transparency • Develop and implement an audit and validation mechanism to data collection and management 5.2 Information, Education and Communication Although food and nutrition information is available from various sources, the awareness of its existence among the population is low. Information generation and dissemination are not demand driven at the mo ment. The general packaging and medium of communication are also not always appropriate to the needs of the users. There is therefore, a need to link appropriately packaged information to potential users at all levels. Strategic interventions: • Strengthen the capacity to collect, collate, analyse and disseminate food and nutrition security information among all stakeholders. • Develop and implement communication strategy for food and nutrition security information. • Develop a mechanism to ensure smooth flow of information between generators and uses of food and nutrition security information 26 27 6.0 INSTITUTIONAL, LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND FINANCING Introduction Past food policies in Kenya have not been very successful in addressing food and nutrition insecurity in part because of lack of a results and implementation framework. Other factors that have contributed to inadequacies in implementation include inadequate budgetary allocations, unstable macro-economic condi tions, limited involvement of all stakeholders, inadequate sectoral coordination, and weak monitoring and evaluation systems. This chapter sets out the implementation framework consisting of institutional and legal framework, fund ing, and implementation matrix. The framework takes into consideration the wide range of actors who will be involved in the implementation of the NFNSP. The chapter thus describes a coordinated framework for effective management of resources, by building on the existing structures to implement programs and pro jects. However, successful implementation requires a parallel advocacy plan based on principles of social justice and equity, environmental sustainability and health as they relate to issues of nutrition and food. 6.1 Institutional Framework Improvement in the country’s food and nutrition security requires multi-dimensional and multi-sectoral in terventions. In order to achieve the overall goal of food and nutrition security, the complexities of the four dimensions; availability, accessibility, utilization and stability must be addressed concurrently by establish ing effective linkages for collaboration and coordination of all sectors. The existing structures lack clarity of function and are not effectively linked and coordinated. As a result, there are gaps and overlaps in dealing with implementation of food and nutrition policies and programs at both national and county levels. It is therefore important to strengthen linkages and put in place institutional structures involving the National and County governments, development partners’ private sector, civil so ciety, and local communities. To achieve this, certain steps must be taken to establish functional, organiza tional and legal frameworks. These include establishing effective leadership, coordination and stakeholder platforms at all levels that require the setting up of a National Food and Nutrition Security Council, at both levels Government, Food and Nutrition Security Steering Committees and Secretariats; and/or strengthen ing Food and Nutrition Security Stakeholder Technical Committees. The envisaged structures are essential for creating an enabling environment to facilitate multi-sectorial stakeholder participation. These will also enable effective flow of information from policy making to the implementation and beneficiary levels. Figure 3 shows the recommended National Food and Nutrition Se curity Policy implementation coordination structure. 28 Figure 2: National Food and Nutrition Security Policy Implementation Coordination Structure 6.1.1 National Structures National Food Security and Nutrition Council The National Food and Nutrition Security Council will be the highest decision making body in the proposed structure. It will provide leadership and a national platform for review of progress on implementation of the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy. The Council will: • Direct commitment of national resources for effective implementation of the FNS policy • Provide policy direction, guidance and oversight on food and nutrition security matters • Direct commitment of national resources for effective implementation of the Food and Nutrition Security strategy • Approve and oversee the implementation of the National Food and Nutrition Implementation Framework • Ensure mainstreaming of national food and nutrition policy function by the national and county governments. Membership of the Council The membership of the Council shall be drawn from both state and non-state actors working on diverse is sues and in diverse ways in the area of food nutrition and security. The Membership shall include the following: i. The Presidency , Chair ii. Chair of the Council of Governors 29 iii. Cabinet Secretaries responsible for matters related to Food and Nutrition Security: Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Health, The National Treasury, Devolution, Planning, Interior ,Coordination of National Government, Water, Irrigation, Education, Industrialization and Enterprise Development iv. The Head of the National Food and Nutrition Security Secretariat will be an Ex-officio member and Secretary to the Council. v. The Council may co-opt the following and not limited to representatives from: Strategic Food Reserve/Strategic Food Trust Fund, Apex body for Consumers, Apex body for farmers, Apex body for the private sector, Donors/Development Partners, Civil Society Organizations representative, the United Nations; Science, Research media and Academia Meetings of the Council 1) The Council shall meet at least two times in every financial year and not more than six months shall elapse between the date of one meeting and the date of the next meeting. 2) The Presidency may convene a special meeting of the Council where it is expedient for the transaction of the business of the Council. National Food Security and Nutrition Steering Committee The National Food and Nutrition Steering Committee (NFNSC) shall be composed of Principal Secretaries of implementing/line ministries and representatives of the County Executive Committees. The committee shall be chaired by a Principal Secretary on rotational basis as determined by the Committee. The Head of the NFNS Secretariat shall be the secretary of Steering Committee. The committee shall meet at least once every quarter in a fiscal year. The National Food and Nutrition Steering Committee will: • Recommend for approval Policies to the Council, • Provide Policy direction, guidance and oversight to implementing agencies • Prepare the National Food and Nutrition Security status report to the Council • Facilitate resource mobilization, allocation, supervision and guidance for FNSP implementation. • Facilitate cross-section collaboration and cooperation between government ministries, development partners, civil society, the private sector, and academia in addressing Food and Nutrition Security matters • Facilitate capacity building, research and analysis to improve food and nutrition security • Coordinate development of national gender and inter-generational responsive public education strategy and implementation program for Food and Nutrition Security National Food and Nutrition Secretariat (NFNS) It is recommended that The National Food and Nutrition Secretariat (NFN Secretariat) be set up in the Of fice of the President. The Secretariat shall be headed by a Chief Executive Officer, and will be the Secretary to the Council. The Secretariat shall have at least four desks for coordinating emergencies; monitoring of food production, availability and access; food safety and standards; and monitoring of the SFR. It will work with all relevant institutions to ensure that they work collectively in addressing issues of food and nutrition in the country. The Secretariat shall be the center of coordination of all actors. It will draw two critical factors into the institutional coordination process and decision making. Firstly it will bring Government and all stakehold ers (public and private) together; and secondly ensure strong technical competencies are included and co ordinated in addressing national food and nutrition security challenges. The inclusion of various relevant sectors and stakeholders will ensure appropriate linkages such that each will contribute from their own 30 technical and operational base to achieving the immediate and longer-term objectives. An important early task for the NFN Secretariat is to establish the right set of committees, technical working groups and draw appropriate stakeholders into them. The mandates of the National Food and Nutrition Secretariat will be to: • Provide technical support and back-up to the Food and Nutrition Security Council and Steering Committee • Collate, consolidate, monitor & review progress on performance of key food and nutrition performance indicators and reports • Analyse budget performance of food and nutrition programmes, constraints to implementation, and provide strategic direction. • Coordinate development, formulation, review and implementation of national policy, programs, projects and plans that promote food and nutrition security across sectors. • Monitor and support joint monitoring of food and nutrition security situation, emergency response, including SFR, food safety and quality control • Support, joint monitoring and evaluation of food and nutrition plans and strategies including ensuring that international obligations are met. • Facilitate and coordinate broad, multi-sectoral collaboration for effective implementation of all food and nutrition programs in the country. • Set standards for Food and Nutrition Security actions during and after emergencies • Convey executive decisions and recommendations to relevant stakeholders • Create and manage a database on food and nutrition security interventions. • Prepare progress reports for the NFNSC. 6.1.2 County Institutional Structures In line with the policy on devolution, counties will establish their local coordination structures. County Food and Nutrition Steering Committees will be established supported by a County Food and Nutrition Security Secretariat. The Steering Committees will be chaired by the Governors in each County. The general role of the county institutions will be to plan, coordinate, implement and monitor food and nutrition security activities. A County may directly establish County Stakeholder Technical Committees (STCs) incorporating recognized local institutions, including communities’ and other stakeholders’ partici pation to effectively address food and nutrition security concerns. The Council of Governors The Council of Governors (CoG) deal collectively with matters of public policy and governance that con cern Counties. In this respect, the role of the Council of Governors shall include identifying priority food and nutrition security programs for their counties in line with the National Policy; considering matters of common interest to County governments and promoting best practice where necessary; mitigating food in security by promoting linkages between various stakeholders and the national government; and monitoring the implementation of inter- agency and inter-county agreements on food and nutrition security. County Food and Nutrition Steering Committees (CFNSC) The County Food and Nutrition Security Steering Committees shall provide leadership, oversight and policy guidance to achieve FNS objectives at the county level. The committees will facilitate appropriate linkages between diverse sectors operating in the county to facilitate stakeholder collaboration and harmonization of their activities to achieve the developmental goals. The committees shall approve and monitor all food 31 and nutrition security programs in the county, mobilize resources and recommend commitment of county resources to facilitate implementation of the Food and Nutrition Security programs. Specific functions of the Steering Committee will be to: • Provide policy direction, guidance and oversight to implementing agencies at the county level. • Facilitate preparation and approval of the County Food and Nutrition Security status report for the county executive committee for necessary action. • Facilitate resource mobilization and allocation for implementation of the FNS activities. • Facilitate cross-sector collaboration and cooperation between departments, development partners, civil society, the private sector, and academia. • Facilitate undertaking of research, analysis and uptake to improve food and nutrition security • Provide the vital link to the County Executive Committee, Assembly and National -level committees. County Food and Nutrition Security Secretariats (CFNSS) The County FNSS will be set up in the department of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries and directly sup port the County FNS Steering Committee. It will be responsible for facilitating cross sector collaboration of all stakeholders in the county level. Their role will be to convey decisions of the steering committee and executive to the stakeholder technical; committees and ensure their responses and activities are appropri ately synchronized. The main functions of the Secretariat will be: • Consolidate, monitor & review progress on performance of key food and nutrition security indicators. • Coordinate development, review and implementation of county plans, programs and projects that promote food and nutrition security. • Support, joint monitoring and evaluation of food and nutrition plans and strategies. • Coordinate development, review and implementation of County plans, programs and projects that promote food and nutrition security. • Collate and review progress monitoring reports from counties’ food and nutrition security programs and projects. • Facilitate and coordinate policy and strategy harmonization, review and formulation as necessary, • Monitor implementation of policies and convey executive decisions and recommendations to relevant stakeholders. • Coordinate response and the participation of relevant ministries, institutions, stakeholders for effective implementation of food and nutrition programs in the country. • Apply National Standards for FNS interventions during emergency and recovery stages in the county. • Facilitate appropriate horizontal and vertical linkages to promote broad, multi-sectoral collaboration between all stakeholders. • Prepare quarterly reports on implementation plans and progress reports and report to the NFNS Responsible for knowledge management to facilitate information sharing among all actors, and archiving of FSN data. • Responsible for consolidation and sharing of food security updates with the national secretariat and communication of feedback to counties. 32 6.1.3 Stakeholder Technical Committees for Food and Nutrition (STC-FN) The STC-FN will provide a platform for cooperation, collaboration and coordination of all food and nutri tion security programmes. They will be the technical advisory groups responsible for generating pertinent information on food and nutrition security programs to be shared with the Secretariats. The Committees will plan jointly to create synergies and harmonization of programs to avoid overlap and gaps in activities of independent organizations. The stakeholder committees will specifically be responsible for: • Implementation and adherence to all relevant government policies and legislation. • Generation, analysis and sharing of food and nutrition security data and information • Facilitation and implementation of food security and nutrition security programs and projects • Implementation protocols and standards on food security and nutrition interventions and responses • Provision of support to the national and county Food and Nutrition Secretariat (NFNS) 6.2 Legal Framework The “right to food” is a human right. This was first formally recognized by the United Nations in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), UDHR Article 25, protecting the right for people to feed themselves in dignity. Further, at the UN World Food Summit of 1996, the Heads of States and Govern ments reaffirmed the right of everyone to have access to safe and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger. They pledged their political will and commitment to achieving food security for all and eradicate poverty and hunger in all countries. In 1990, the United Nations set the Millennium Development Goal to halve the number of people suffering from hunger by 2015. Later, in September 2015, Kenya was among 153 United Nations (UN) countries that unanimously adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030, among them the common goal to eradicate Hunger. To achieve this goal, everyone must play their part: governments, private sector, civil society and individuals. The Constitution of Kenya 2010: Article 43 (1) (c), Article 53 (l) (c), Article 21 and Article 27 guarantees the right to food and adequate nutrition and the universal right to food and nutritional health, and protection from discrimination. The Policy implementation process shall involve revision of existing legislation and formulating new laws, regulations and guidelines to ensure availability and access of adequate, safe and quality food; and adher ence to internationally recognized standards and nutritional guidelines. To ensure food and nutrition secu rity is achieved, the National and County Governments shall: • Review/Enact legislation for efficient and effective implementation of the FNSP at both national and county levels. • Develop regulations and guidelines for implementation of the NFNS Policy • Support measures to ensure compliance and enforcement of existing laws and regulations on Food and Nutrition Security. • Establish or review existing laws, regulations and guidelines governing all institutions related to FNSP. • Domesticate international and regional treaties, declarations and conventions related to food and nutrition security. • Submit annual report to parliament on the national food and nutrition security status of the country in fulfilling its constitutional obligation. 33 6.3 Financing the Implementation of the Food and Nutrition Security policy There has been limited awareness and linkage between planning priorities and budgets for food and nutri tion security. Awareness and commitment needs to be improved to ensure effective planning and increased budgetary allocations for food and nutrition security activities by all sectors. The National and County governments shall commit financial resources annually through the normal budgetary processes to meet the goals of the FNSP. In addition, the National and County Secretariats shall adopt clear and consistent strate gies for advocacy and resource mobilization over the implementation period. The County Secretariats will establish specific budget lines for administration, coordination and operational purposes, which should be approved by the County FNS Steering Committees. Detailed rationalised budg ets developed through consultative processes involving various stakeholders will be drawn each year to fund specific activities of the Secretariats. The objective is to achieve high level commitment and increase overall budgetary allocation for food and nutrition activities. Strategic interventions • Introduce specific budget lines for sustainable implementation of Food and Nutrition Security programs/projects at both National and County levels. • Establish resource mobilization desks for the inclusion of all stakeholders in financing Food and Nutrition Security programs/projects • Develop guidelines for access and allocation of Food and Nutrition Security funds by various stakeholders • Establish a mechanism for maintaining accountability and auditing in utilization of the Food and Nutrition Security funds 34 35 7.0 IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX The past Food and Nutrition Security Policies have not shown significant impact because Policy documents are often shelved and not implemented. This is partly attributed to lack of high level commitment and lead ership in implementation of policies. Consequently, resources allocated for roll out and full implementa tions of Policy interventions are usually inadequate. In this IF, it is recognized that a FNS policy without feasible plans, funds, and cross linkages between programs cannot work. The Implementation Matrix pre sented in Appendix 1 highlights the desired objectives and outcomes, including the necessary interventions with associated indicative budgets for each program area. The mandates, roles and functions of the wide range of actors to be involved in its implementation and their contribution to the overall Policy objective is recognized. The detailed indicative budgets on specific sub-programs are provided in the Implementation Matrix (Ap pendix 1). The matrix indicates the critical interventions that should be undertaken according to the speci fied time-frames in order to successfully achieve the desired food and nutrition security impact. This will require a combination of immediate, short term and long term interventions. The matrix is informed by estimates from ongoing FNS programs, including Vision 2030 among others. For each intervention area, lead ministries/agencies are identified (highlighted in the Table in Appendix 1) together with the collaborat ing link agencies for which work plans and result matrices will be developed. It will be therefore important to harmonize all new and follow-on projects, matching the priorities identified, to support the priorities of this Implementation framework. 36 8.0 THE STRATEGIC RESULTS FRAMEWORK A key part of the Implementation Framework is the Strategic Results Framework that sets out the goals, objectives and outcomes that build a logical framework to achieve food and nutrition security (figure 3). This will create a strategic frame where programs fit together and support the higher level goal and objectives. The Implementation Framework operates as an effective communication tool as it succinctly captures the elements of the multi-sector approach. Further, the harmonization of programs by the counties, develop ment partners and other investors will be facilitated through the use of this Strategic Results Framework. The design of individual programs and the selection of their inputs, outputs and outcomes will be driven by this results framework. The existing food and nutrition programs operating across multiple sectors also have outcomes that support the planned results. As illustrated in the results framework ( Figure 3), the first objective — improved (nutritious) food avail ability and access — will be supported by achieving three outcomes, namely: improved household resource productivity; improved national food availability; and improved food/market access and incomes. The sec ond objective — improved quality and safety of food — will be supported by achieving improved food safety and quality control, improved public food service and domestic water supply. The third objective — which is improved food utilization/consumption for maximum health and minimum disease, is expected to be achieved through four main outcomes: improved nutrition in public institutions and among consumers; improved food and nutrition education in schools; improved food nutrition in crisis and emergency; and im proved food nutrition information and communication, and improved water availability, access and safety. This Implementation Framework also provides a hierarchy of results and a set of indicators needed to design and implement a robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system. An effective M&E system is critical to monitoring and comparing county performance and information arising from the performance indicators will therefore be useful in revising and improving implementation of programs. Program 2 Improvem ent of food production and processing Program 3 Improvem ent of household resource productivit y Program 4 Improvem ent of Food safety and quality Program 5 Improveme nt of Food Service and Public Health Program 6 Improvem ent of Domestic Water Supply Program 7 Improve ment of Nutrition Program 8 Improved Food and Nutrition in Crisis and Emergency Program 9 Improved Food and Nutrition Education in Institutions Program 10 Improvem ent of Domestic Water Availability Supply Program 1 Improvem ent of food and markets access Result 1: Improved food availability and access Result 3: Improved Food Utilization and Nutritional Health Result 2: Improved Food Quality and Safety GOAL: Improved Food and Nutrition Figure 3: Schematic Representation of the National Food and Nutrition Security Results Framework 37 9.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION Introduction An effective, harmonized and well coordinated Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework is an im portant aspect of the overall strategy given that a wide range of actors are involved in the implementation of the Food and Nutrition Security programs and for the management of the available resources. The aim is to determine a set of appropriate indicators to measure performance and results during implementation of the food and nutrition security programs. The common results framework in the implementation matrix will guide the development of objectively verifiable indicators and performance targets. Overall, a set of performance indicators for each thematic area are provided in Appendix 2. The Secretariats will refer to the results framework to harmonize outcomes, and draw indicators for the performance targets at each level. The results framework provides missing linkage between policy and im plementation of food and nutrition security programs and the results framework. This will show the causal linkage and enable effective performance monitoring toward achievement of our National Food and Nutri tion Security Goal. 9.1 Rationale and Objectives Monitoring feedback for policy makers and other stakeholders on the outcomes of their interventions is important. The rationale for putting in place a food and nutrition security monitoring system is to provide feedback information concerning emerging developments, which in turn would form the basis for program design/redesign and implementation during planning. A participatory M&E system helps to improve pro gram design and delivery; and also provides the basis for timely corrective actions in case of poor per formance. The objectives is to institutionalise effective M&E and link Food and Nutrition Security invest ments to other development programs. A robust monitoring and evaluation tool shall be designed to collect and analyze information on all indica tors covering the four food and nutrition security pillars. This will effectively stimulate the active participa tion and reporting of all stakeholders in order to ensure improved planning and implementation of programs towards the achievement of the common FNS goal. 9.2 Performance Indicators The monitoring and evaluation of policy impact on food and nutrition security would require taking into account the long term measurement of global level performance indicators and the national sectoral goals and objectives. Careful selection of indicators at all levels is therefore crucial for effective monitoring and evaluation. The selection of program performance indicators should take place at the design stage of each of the food and nutrition security programs areas, and harmonized with the Strategic Results Framework (Figure 3). The indicators should take into consideration the program objectives and outputs, and include performance measures for activities and inputs. Outcome or impact indicators measure the effect of activities in respect of the extent to which they meet the set objectives, while process and output indicators measure how activi ties are planned and implemented. The national indicators considered in the M&E framework is illustrated in Table 3. The elements of food security and nutrition as illustrated in Figure 1 and the goals and programs of the FSNP-IF shown in Figure 3 provide a framework for determining the major categories of indicators related to the four dimensions of food and nutrition security; —improved food availability, increased food access, increased stability in food pro duction, reduced vulnerability and nutritional adequacy. These indicators include increased food production, improved food access and food markets, increased income of households and individuals, reduced inflation, reduced consumer price index, and increased employment opportunities. Others are stable food production, increased food stocks, increased food intake, more appropriate food use, and increased nourishment. Howev 38 er, the precise indicators and measures will depend on the program and aspect of food security it is addressing, taking into account the specific nature of target groups, such as women, children and farmers, consumers e.t.c. 39 10 RISK ASSESSMENT Risk analysis is the systematic use of available information to determine how often specified events may occur and the magnitude of their consequences. Risk evaluation is used to determine risk management pri orities whereby the level of risk is compared against predetermined standards or target risk levels. The successful implementation of the FNSP will require enhanced coordination of the relevant stakehold ers. In addition, political goodwill and support is necessary to provide an enabling environment for policy implementation, including adequate resources and accountability. The threats to food and nutrition security require constant monitoring and assessment for appropriate mitigation and accountability measures. The highly consultative process through which the policy and Implementation Framework were developed provides an opportunity for the harmony and therefore efficiency with which the implementing minis tries and other collaborators will perform. Furthermore, considering that Kenya has successfully managed food and nutrition security crisis and emergencies, through the Kenya Food and Nutrition Security Meeting (KFSM), the institutional memory will provide vital lessons learnt for this implementation framework for the Policy. Table 3 and Table 4 show the risk priority listing, risk analysis and evaluation matrix. Table 1: Priority listing of risks Likelihood of Occurence Impact High Medium Low Highf 5 4 3 Medium 4 3 2 Low 3 2 1 Key: The Numers represent the risk ranking:- Where 5 is High and 1 is Low Table 2: Risk Analysis and Evaluation Matrix Risk event Risk consequence Likelihood Impact Risk priority Strategy Responsibility Inadequate political support Inadequate funding affecting implementation Medium High 4 • Adapt FSNP-IF to the changed political landscape, identifying new key stakeholders and frameworks in which they operate • Stakeholder advocacy to maintain momentum for implementation. • Empowerment of rural communities in the monitoring process. FNS Council, Development Partners Civil society Inadequate funding • Activities slowed or halted. • Implementation linkages and relationships disrupted. High High 5 • Maintain dialogue with Development Partner funders to facilitate funding forecasts. • Identify possible alternative funding streams. • Identify and adopt contingency plans based on priority interventions. FNS Council, FNS Secretariats, Development Partners 40 Risk event Risk consequence Likelihood Impact Risk priority Strategy Responsibility Mechanisms for financial management and external funding not consolidated Timely implementation of activities disrupted medium High 3 Streamline financial management system with a view to enhancing accountability and reducing red-tape. FNS Council, Development Partners Disasters (drought, floods, landslides, fires, earthquakes) • Unable to respond to disasters on time and therefore unable to achieve the national/county FSNS goals and objectives Medium High 5 • Monitor situation and develop contingency plans. • Estsblish contingency fund for Instituting mitigation plans and early response. • Mainstream in all relevant sectors. FNS Council, FNS Secretariats, Development Partners Deterioration in security • Interruption of FNS programs, projects and communication infrastructure. Human safety risk. Medium High 4 Continous monitoring through early warning system and development of effective contingency plans FNS Council, FNS Secretariats, Ministry of Interior and Coordination of Government. Poor adherence to financial agreements • Ineffective and inefficient program implementation. • Poor accountability and credibility in implementation of FNS programs and Low Medium 3 • All stakeholders to promote accountability as part of program sensitization and ensure transparent procedures. • Ensure monitoring systems are in place with appropriate mechanisms for enforcing compliance consistent with legislative requirements. • Enhance feedback mechanisms between implementers and accounting officers. FNS Council, Development Partners Resistance to collaboration by key stakeholders • Fragmentation and duplication of FNS programs and projects • Lack of accountability, confusion and mistrust among stakeholders Low High 4 • Initiate regular dialogue with stakeholders at all levels. • Sensitization and development of stakeholder operational and consultation procedures • Joint planning and prioritization of interventions by all stakeholders • Regular reporting and briefings on the programs. FNS Council FNS Secretariats, Development Partners Beneficiary communities 41 Risk event Risk consequence Likelihood Impact Risk priority Strategy Responsibility Poor resource absorption and responsive capacity management of the collaborating partners • Resource wastage. • Support constricted. • FSNP-IF objectives not realised to the detriment of beneficiaries. Medium Medium 4 • Sound and effective work plans • Streamlining and reduction of ecessive procurement procedures and bureaucracy. • Effective monitoring and support at all levels. FNS Secretariat, Development Partners 42 A PP EN D IX I: IM PL EM EN TA TI O N M A TR IX FO O D S EC UR IT Y PR IO RI TY A RE A S, R ES UL TS , I N TE RV EN TI O N S A N D B UD G ET S R E SU LT A R E A 1 :I M P R O V IN G F O O D A VA IL A B IL T Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 2. 1 N at io na l f oo d A va ila bi lit y 2. 1. 2. Im pr ov in g do m es tic fo od av ai la bi lit y To in cr ea se fo od pr od uc tiv ity a nd pr od uc tio n of fo od th at is d iv er si fie d aff or da bl e an d ab le to m ee t di ve rs e nu tr iti on al re qu ir em en ts o f a ll pe op le . A gr ic ul tu ra l f un d E st ab lis he d E st ab lis h an A gr ic ul tu ra l D ev el op m en t F un d 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F , T re as ur y, D P, C G Fu nd in g to a gr ic ul tu re s ec to r en ha nc ed to 1 0% o f n at io na l b ud ge t. In cr ea se fu nd in g to th e fo od a nd a gr ic ul tu re se ct or s to 1 0% o f t he n at io na l b ud ge t 20 17 2 02 2 Su st ai na bl e fo od p ro du ct io n sy st em s pr om ot ed Pr om ot e su st ai na bl e fo od p ro du ct io n sy st em s 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , D P, In cr ea se d nu tr ie nt r ic h fo od s pr od uc ed Pr om ot e pr od uc tio n of tr ad iti on al h ig h va lu e an d nu tr ie nt r ic h fo od s 25 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G Ir ri ga tio n an d w at er m an ag em en t sy st em s pr om ot ed a nd s up po rt ed Pr om ot e an d su pp or t s us ta in ab le ir ri ga tio n an d w at er m an ag em en t s ys te m s 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M W I, M O A L F, D P, C G Im pr ov ed a cc es si bi lit y to a ff or da bl e fa rm in pu ts a nd c re di ts . Im pr ov e ac ce ss ib ili ty to a ff or da bl e fa rm in pu ts an d cr ed its 70 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , D P, In cr ea se d co ns er va tio n of N at ur al re so ur ce s. Pr om ot e na tu ra l r es ou rc e m an ag em en t f or im pr ov ed l iv el ih oo ds 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , M E N R , D P In cr ea se d in ve st m en ts in in fr as tr uc tu re d ev el op m en t t o in cr ea se fo od p ro du ct io n an d av ai la bi lit y Su pp or t i nv es tm en ts in in fr as tr uc tu re , t o in cr ea se fo od p ro du ct io n; a nd a va ila bi lit y 40 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , D P C lim at e ch an ge a da pt at io n an d m iti ga tio n pr ac tic es in a gr ic ul tu ra l de ve lo pm en t p ro gr am m es a nd p ol ic ie s ad op te d Pr om ot e in te gr at io n of c lim at e ch an ge ad ap ta tio n an d m iti ga tio n pr ac tic es in ag ri cu ltu ra l d ev el op m en t p ro gr am m es a nd po lic ie s 80 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , M W I, M E N R , D P U rb an a nd p er i ur ba n ag ri cu ltu re pr om ot ed fo r b et te r f oo d an d nu tr iti on se cu ri ty . Pr om ot e U rb an a nd P er i U rb an a gr ic ul tu re to im pr ov e fo od a va ila bi lit y an d ac ce ss fo r b et te r nu tr iti on 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , D P, 43 R E SU LT A R E A 1 :I M P R O V IN G F O O D A VA IL A B IL T Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * Su b To ta l 2, 03 0 2. 1. 3 D om es tic , R eg io na l a nd In te rn at io na l F oo d Tr ad e To p ro m ot e na tio na l fo od a va ila bi lit y an d ac ce ss th ro ug h st ra te gi c lib er al iz at io n of fo od tr ad e an d pr iv at e se ct or pa rt ic ip at io n al on g th e va lu e ch ai ns H ar m on iz ed fo od a nd re la te d tr ad e po lic ie s an d re gu la tio ns to e nh an ce fo od fl ow . R ev ie w a nd h ar m on is e th e ex is tin g fo od a nd re la te d tr ad e po lic ie s an d re gu la tio ns 20 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, M FA Im po ve d ac ce ss to fo od b y ad dr es si ng th e hi gh c os t o f p ro du ct io n. In cr ea se th e co m pe tit iv en es s of K en ya ’s ag ri cu ltu ra l p ro du ce b y ad dr es si ng th e hi gh co st o f p ro du ct io n. 50 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , M FA In cr ea se d do m es tic , r eg io na l a nd in te rn at io na l f oo d tr ad e Pr om ot e do m es tic , r eg io na l a nd in te rn at io na l fo od tr ad e 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, M FA , E A C & IT Fo od s af et y an d qu al ity s ta nd ar ds a nd re gu la tio ns h ar m on iz ed . Su pp or t h ar m on iz at io n of re gi on al a nd in te rn at io na l f oo d sa fe ty a nd q ua lit y st an da rd s an d re gu la tio ns to im pr ov e he al th 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, M FA A gr ib us in es s C ou nc il es ta bl is he d an d op er at io na liz ed In st itu tio na liz e m ul ti se ct or al fo od a nd ag ri cu ltu ra l t ra de , p ol ic y fo rm ul at io n im pl em en ta tio n an d co or di na tio n (C re at e an ag ri bu si ne ss C ou nc il) 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F , M O T E & In du st ri al iz at io n Tr ad e su bs id ie s an d ot he r b ar ri er s by tr ad e pa rt ne rs n eg ot ia te d an d re m ov ed N eg ot ia te fo r t he re m ov al o f f re e tr ad e ba rr ie rs by tr ad e pa rt ne rs 10 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, T re as ur y, M O A L F, In re as ed ir ri ga te d ag ri cu ltu re Im pr ov e ir ri ga tio n in fr as tr uc tu re to p ro m ot e ir ri ga te d ag ri cu ltu re 60 20 17 2 02 2 M oW I, M oA LF In cr ea se d w at er h ar ve st in g an d st io ra ge W at er h ar ve st in g a nd s to ra ge 50 20 17 2 02 2 M oW I, M oA LF Su b To ta l 59 0 44 R E SU LT A R E A 1 :I M P R O V IN G F O O D A VA IL A B IL T Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 2. 1. 4 A gr o Pr oc es si ng a nd V al ue A dd iti on To in cr ea se th e le ve l of v al ue a dd iti on fo r ag ri cu ltu ra l p ro du ce m ea nt fo r d om es tic an d ex po rt m ar ke ts th ro ug h ad op tio n of a pp ro pr ia te te ch no lo gy . Ta x in ce nt iv es to p ro m ot e va lu e ad di tio n an d ag ro p ro ce ss in g in du st ri es b ot h in ru ra l a nd u rb an ar ea s in p la ce Pr ov id e ta x in ce nt iv es to p ro m ot e va lu e ad di tio n an d ag ro p ro ce ss in g in du st ri es b ot h in ru ra l a nd u rb an a re as 50 0 20 17 2 02 2 Tr ea su ry , M O A L F, M O T E & In du st ri al iz at io n Fu nd fo r s up po rt in g SM E S in A gr o pr oc es si ng e st ab lis he d E st ab lis h a fu nd to s up po rt S M E s in vo lv ed in a gr o pr oc es si ng a nd o th er m ea ns o f v al ue ad di tio n 50 0 20 17 2 02 2 Tr ea su ry , M O A L F, M O T E & I In cr ea se d nu m be r o f y ou th a nd w om en a cc es si ng a llo ca te d fu nd s fo r in ve st m en t i n va lu e ad di tio n, c ot ta ge in du st ri es a nd a gr o pr oc es si ng E m po w er y ou th a nd w om en to u til iz e al lo ca te d fu nd s fo r p ro m ot io n of v al ue ad di tio n, c ot ta ge in du st ri es a nd a gr o pr oc es si ng d ev el op m en t. 50 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, T re as ur y, M O A L F, K ey in fr as tr uc tu re s uc h as ro ad s, po w er a nd w at er b ot h in ru ra l a nd ur ba n ar ea s to s tim ul at e de ve lo pm en t of v al ue a dd iti on p ro ce ss es d ev el op ed D ev el op k ey in fr as tr uc tu re s uc h as ro ad s, po w er a nd w at er b ot h in ru ra l a nd u rb an a re as to s tim ul at e de ve lo pm en t o f v al ue a dd iti on pr oc es se s 80 0 20 17 2 02 2 M oI T re as ur y, D P A gr o pr oc es so rs , p ar tic ul ar ly S M E s, ab le to m ee t i nt er na tio na l q ua lit y an d sa fe ty s ta nd ar ds D ev el op c ap ac ity o f a gr o pr oc es so rs , pa rt ic ul ar ly S M E s, to m ee t i nt er na tio na l qu al ity a nd s af et y st an da rd s 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, T re as ur y, M O A L F, R es ea rc h fo r a pp ro pr ia te p ro ce ss in g m et ho ds a nd e qu ip m en t s ui ta bl e to sm al l s ca le e nt er pr is e ne ed s pr om ot ed an d ad op tio n Pr om ot e re se ar ch a nd a do pt io n fo r a pp ro pr ia te pr oc es si ng m et ho ds a nd e qu ip m en t s ui ta bl e to sm al l s ca le e nt er pr is e ne ed s 90 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , T re as ur y In cr ea se d nu m be r o f v al ue a dd iti on pr od uc ts a nd e qu ip m en t Pr om ot e te ch no lo gy in cu ba tio n or v al ue ad di tio n eq ui pm en t d ev el op m en t. 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, N A C O ST I Tr ea su ry , M O A L F, Su b To ta l 2, 59 0 2. 1. 5 Im pr ov in g fo od s to ra ge fa ci lit ie s To p ro m ot e ap pr op ri at e st or ag e pr ac tic es a nd ex pa ns io n of s to ra ge fa ci lit ie s to e xt en d sh el f l if e an d re du ce fa rm lo ss es Im pr ov ed fo od s to ra ge s tr uc tu re s an d pr ac tic es Pr om ot e ap pr op ri at e ho us eh ol d fo od s to ra ge st ru ct ur es a nd p ra ct ic es fo r i np ro ve d fo od a nd nu tr iti on s ec ur ity 25 20 17 2 02 2 M oA LF Im pr ov ed in st itu tio na l a nd fa rm er s ca pa ci ty to m an ag e fo od s to ra ge fa ci lit ie s D ev el op fa rm er s’ c ap ac ity fo r m an ag em en t o f ap pr op ri at e st or ag e fa ci lit ie s fr om c om m un ity to n at io na l l ev el . 50 20 17 2 02 2 M oA LF Su b To ta l 75 45 R E SU LT A R E A 1 :I M P R O V IN G F O O D A VA IL A B IL T Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 2. 1. 6 St ra te gi c Fo od R es er ve To d iv er si fy a nd a tta in su ffi ci en t n ut ri tio us fo od s in th e SF R to st ab ili ze fo od s up pl y an d fo od m ar ke t p ri ce s R ec om m en de d St ra te gi c Fo od R es er ve b ud ge t i nc re as ed a nd o th er cr iti ca l f oo d st uff s in cl ud ed : s or gh um , m ill et , r ic e, p ul se s, m ilk , m ea t, fis h, ro ot c ro ps , f ru its , n ut s an d liv es to ck fe ed s In cr ea se b ud ge t s up po rt to th e St ra te gi c Fo od R es er ve to in cl ud e ot he r c ri tic al fo od st uff s su ch a s so rg hu m , m ill et , r ic e, p ul se s, m ilk , m ea t, fis h, ro ot c ro ps , f ru its , n ut s an d liv es to ck fe ed s 39 ,0 00 20 17 2 02 2 Tr ea su ry , M O A L F, N C PB A de qu at e SF R s to ck a nd c as h le ve ls ac hi ev ed a nd m ai nt ai ne d ba se d on de m og ra ph ic , e co no m ic a nd c lim at e dy na m ic s R eg ul ar ly re vi ew th e ap pr op ri at e st oc k an d ca sh le ve ls fo r t he S FR b as ed o n de m og ra ph ic , ec on om ic a nd c lim at e dy na m ic s 20 20 17 2 02 2 Tr ea su ry , M O A L F, N C PB SF R m an ag em en t i ns tit ut io na liz ed an d es ta bl is he d at b ot h N at io na l a nd C ou nt y le ve ls . St re ng th en m an ag em en t o f S FR a t n at io na l an d C ou nt y le ve ls 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A F , C G SF R e ff ec tiv el y m an ag ed . E nc ou ra ge c on tin uo us re se ar ch a nd te ch no lo gy tr an sf er o n pr es er va tio n te ch no lo gi es In st itu tio na lis e m an ag em en t o f S FR 80 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , K A R L O Su b To ta l 39 ,3 00 2. 1. 7 C om m er ci al iz at io n of A gr ic ul tu re To in cr ea se n et in co m es fr om fa rm in g an d re la te d va lu e ch ai n ac tiv iti es . C ap ac ity o f f ar m er s, S M E , co op er at iv es t o un de rt ak e fa rm in g as a bu si ne ss e nh an ce d St re ng th en c ap ac ity o f f ar m er s, S M E s an d C oo pe ra tiv es to u nd er ta ke fa rm in g as a bu si ne ss a cr os s th e co m m od ity v al ue c ha in s 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M D P , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts Su pp or t s er vi ce s in cl ud in g ex te ns io n an d pr ov is io n of fi na nc ia l s er vi ce s fo r s us ta in ab le c om m er ci al iz at io n of A gr ic ul tu re s tr en gt he ne d St re ng th en s up po rt s er vi ce s in cl ud in g ex te ns io n an d pr ov is io n of fi na nc ia l s er vi ce s fo r s us ta in ab le c om m er ci al iz at io n of A gr ic ul tu re . 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M D P , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts C on su m pt io n of lo ca lly p ro du ce d ag ri cu ltu ra l p ro du ct s in cr ea se d Pr om ot e de ve lo pm en t a nd c on su m pt io n of lo ca lly p ro du ce d ag ri cu ltu ra l p ro du ct s. 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F , C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , M T & In du st ry L in ka ge s be tw ee n su pp ly a nd m ar ke t de m an ds s tr en gt he ne d. Pr om ot e lin ka ge s be tw ee n fo od s up pl y an d m ar ke t d em an ds th ro ug h Pu bl ic P ri va te Pa rt ne rs hi ps 30 20 17 2 02 2 M D P, M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts 46 R E SU LT A R E A 1 :I M P R O V IN G F O O D A VA IL A B IL T Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * L eg is la tio n an d re gu la tio ns o n fo od m ar ke tin g an d in st itu tio ns to p ro te ct al l a ct or s al on g co m m od ity v al ue ch ai ns in p la ce St re ng th en le gi sl at io n an d re gu la tio ns o f f oo d m ar ke tin g an d in st itu tio ns to p ro te ct a ll ac to rs al on g co m m od ity v al ue c ha in s 20 20 17 2 02 2 M D P, M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , K A R L O , A FA A gr ic ul tu ra l r es ea rc h, in no va tio n an d te ch no lo gy tr an sf er p ro m ot ed Pr om ot e ag ri cu ltu ra l r es ea rc h, in no va tio n an d te ch no lo gy tr an sf er a nd u pt ak e in p ro du ct io n an d po st h ar ve st m an ag em en t 60 20 17 2 02 2 M D P, M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts Ta xa tio n re gi m e to a vo id m ul tip le ta xa tio n al on g th e fo od c om m od iti es va lu e ch ai ns s tr ea m lin ed St re am lin e th e ta xa tio n re gi m e fo r f oo d co m m od iti es to a vo id m ul tip le ta xa tio n al on g th e va lu e ch ai ns 5 20 17 2 02 2 M D P, M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , K A R L O , T re as ur y, M FA Su b To ta l 41 5 R E SU LT A R E A 1 :I M P R O V IN G F O O D A C C E SS IB IL IT Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 2. 3 N at io na l f oo d A cc es si bi lit y 2. 2. 1. Im pr ov em en t an d E xp an si on o f O n Fa rm a nd O ff Fa rm E m pl oy m en t To e nh an ce ru ra l em pl oy m en t op po rt un iti es a s a m ea ns o f i nc re as in g th e le ve l o f f oo d an d nu tr iti on s ec ur ity Im pr ov ed a cc es s to H ou se ho ld re so ur ce s Su pp or t m ea su re s th at im pr ov e se cu ri ty an d ac ce ss to la nd , w at er a nd te ch no lo gi es es pe ci al ly b y w om en , p as to ra lis ts a nd c hi ld he ad ed h ou se ho ld s 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F , T re as ur y, D P, C G Pr od uc tio n a nd m ar ke tin g of sm al lh ol de r p ro du ce e nh an ce d. Su pp or t c oo pe ra tiv es , o ut g ro w er s ch em es a nd fa ir tr ad e po lic ie s to in cr ea se th e sh ar e of s m al l pr od uc er s in th e pr od uc tio n an d ex po rt o f h ig h va lu e cr op s an d liv es to ck 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F , C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , M T & In du st ry Im pr ov ed fo od a cc es s R ev ie w m in im um w ag es re gu la rl y to ta ke ac co un t o f f oo d an d nu tr iti on n ee ds , i nfl at io n ra te s an d la bo ur p ro du ct iv ity 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , D P, C G 47 R E SU LT A R E A 1 :I M P R O V IN G F O O D A C C E SS IB IL IT Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * In cr ea se d fo od tr ad e Si m pl if y bu si ne ss re gi st ra tio n, li ce ns in g an d re gu la tio n th ro ug h th e in tr od uc tio n of m ul ti us er li ce nc es a nd o pe ra tio na liz at io n of th e Si ng le B us in es s Pe rm its to m in im iz e bu re au cr ac y 50 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G In cr ea se d fo od p ro du ct io n Pr ov id e le ga l a nd in st itu tio na l s up po rt to s m al l ru ra l e nt er pr is es 50 20 17 2 02 2 M W I, M O A L F, D P, C G In cr ea se d an d di ve rs ifi ed fo od pr od uc tio n E nh an ce li nk ag es w ith tr ai ni ng in st itu tio ns to di ve rs if y te ch no lo gi ca l i nn ov at io ns , r es ea rc h an d de ve lo pm en t 25 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , D P, In cr ea se d fo od tr ad e an d va lu e ad di tio n St re ng th en b us in es s lin ka ge o pp or tu ni tie s by e nc ou ra gi ng th e es ta bl is hm en t o f a gr o pr oc es si ng e nt er pr is es 40 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , M E N R , D P In pr ov ed fo od a cc es s Su pp or t i nv es tm en t i n ru ra l i nf ra st ru ct ur e in cl ud in g ac ce ss ro ad s an d lo ca lly g en er at ed re ne w ab le e ne rg y to lo w er p ro du ct io n an d m ar ke tin g co st s 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C G , D P Su b To ta l 1, 45 0 2. 2. 2 Im pr ov em en t of U rb an a nd Pe ri U rb an F oo d A cc es si bi lit y To p ro m ot e an d re gu la te s af e pe ri ur ba n ag ri cu ltu re a nd to im pr ov e ho us eh ol d in co m es in o rd er to e nh an ce fo od ac ce ss ib ili ty Po lic y im pl em en te d Fa st tr ac k im pl em en ta tio n of th e m ic ro , s m al l an d m ed iu m e nt er pr is es (M SM E ) p ol ic y. 20 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, M FA R eg ul at or y fr am ew or k in p la ce a nd en fo rc ed R ev ie w a nd s tr ea m lin e re gu la to ry fr am ew or ks go ve rn in g ur ba n an d pe ri u rb an a gr ic ul tu re . 20 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , M FA R ev ie w a nd s tr ea m lin e re gu la to ry fr am ew or ks go ve rn in g fo rm al a nd in fo rm al s ec to rs fo cu si ng o n em pl oy m en t c re at io n an d po ve rt y al le vi at io n. 50 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, M FA , E A C & IT , D P, C oG 48 R E SU LT A R E A 1 :I M P R O V IN G F O O D A C C E SS IB IL IT Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * Im pr ov ed fo od p ro ce ss in g sk ill s Su pp or t a nd p ro m ot e m ec ha ni sm s to e nh an ce ag ro p ro ce ss in g, s m al l b us in es se s an d en tr ep re ne ur ia l s ki lls . 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, M FA , D P, C oG A pp ro pr ia te w or ki ng e nv ir on m en t a nd su ita bl e zo ne s fo r t he in fo rm al s ec to r Pr ov id e an a pp ro pr ia te w or ki ng e nv ir on m en t an d su ita bl e zo ne s fo r t he in fo rm al s ec to r. 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F , M O T E & In du st ri al iz at io n, D P, C oG In co m e ge ne ra tio n ca pa ci ty o f vu ln er ab le p eo pl e en ha nc ed Su pp or t a ct iv iti es th at e nh an ce th e in co m e ge ne ra tio n ca pa ci ty o f v ul ne ra bl e pe op le w ith sp ec ia l n ee ds . 50 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, T re as ur y, M O A L F, C oG Sa fe fo od p ro du ct io n in u rb an a nd pe ri u rb an a re as Pr om ot e ur ba n an d pe ri u rb an a gr ic ul tu ra l ex te ns io n se rv ic es fo r s af e fo od p ro du ct io n 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, M FA , D P, C oG Su b To ta l 99 0 2. 2. 3 Im pr ov in g Fo od A cc es s an d Fu nc tio ni ng o f M ar ke ts To im pr ov e m ar ke t in fr as tr uc tu re , m ar ke tin g sk ill s an d in fo rm at io n sy st em s fo r e ff ec tiv e an d effi ci en t m ar ke t fu nc tio ni ng a nd fo od ac ce ss Im pr ov ed m ar ke ts a cc es s an d ro ad s M ar ke ts in st al le d w ith a pp ro pr ia te fa ci lit ie s E st ab lis h an d m ai nt ai n effi ci en t m ar ke t in fr as tr uc tu re to fa ci lit at e fo od a cc es s. 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 Tr ea su ry , M O A L F, M O T E & In du st ri al iz at io n, C oG C ap ac ity o f f oo d pr od uc er s en ha ce d D ev el op c ap ac ity b ui ld in g pr og ra m s fo r f oo d pr od uc er s an d tr ad er s. 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 Tr ea su ry , M O A L F, M O T E & I, C oG Im pr ov ed g ov er na nc e an d ac co un ta bi lit y of m ar ke t s er vi ce pr ov id er s Im pr ov e go ve rn an ce a nd a cc ou nt ab ili ty of s er vi ce p ro vi de rs in d ev el op m en t a nd m od er ni za tio n of fo od c om m od ity m ar ke ts . 50 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, T re as ur y, M O A L F, C oG Im pr ov ed p hy si ca l p la nn in g an d ru nn in g of fo od m ar ke ts E nf or ce th e ph ys ic al p la nn in g ru le s an d re gu la tio ns in m ar ke t s ys te m s. 20 20 17 2 02 2 M oI T re as ur y, D on or s, C oG M ar ke t i nf or m at io n an d te ch no lo gy en ha nc ed D ev el op a c om pr eh en si ve d at a ba se fo r ag ri cu ltu ra l p ro du ct s, m ar ke ts a nd a n in fo rm at io n flo w s ys te m fo r f oo d m ar ke t pl ay er s. 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O T E & I, T re as ur y, M O A L F, C oG Su b To ta l 37 0 49 R E SU LT A R E A 1 :I M P R O V IN G F O O D A C C E SS IB IL IT Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 2. 2. 4 A dd re ss cu ltu ra l, So ci al a nd Po lit ic al A sp ec ts aff ec tin g Fo od A cc es s To m ai ns tr ea m cu ltu ra l, so ci al an d po lit ic al co ns id er at io ns in th e fo od a nd n ut ri tio n se cu ri ty s tr at eg ie s an d ac tiv iti es , w ith pa rt ic ul ar a tte nt io n to vu ln er ab le g ro up s H um an R ig ht to F oo d an d nu tr iti on al he al th e ff ec te d A dv oc at e fo r t he e nf or ce m en t o f H um an R ig ht to F oo d an d nu tr iti on al h ea lth ; a nd pr ot ec tio n of ri gh t h ol de rs fr om h un ge r a nd di sc ri m in at io n of b y du ty b ea re rs . 50 20 17 2 02 2 C om m un iti es s en si tiz ed o n re tr og re ss iv e pr ac tic es w ith re ga rd to in di vu du al s’ a cc es s to n ut ri tio us fo od s. Se ns iti ze c om m un iti es to d is ca rd re tr og re ss iv e cu ltu ra l p ra ct ic es w ith re ga rd to a cc es s to nu tr iti ou s fo od s. 80 20 17 2 02 2 Im pr ov ed a cc es s to la nd a nd o th er pr od uc tio n re so ur ce s es pe ci al ly fo r yo ut h an d w om en Fa ci lit at e ac ce ss to la nd a nd o th er p ro du ct io n re so ur ce s es pe ci al ly fo r y ou th a nd w om en 20 20 17 2 02 2 In vo lv em en t o f y ou th a nd m en in fo od pr od uc tio n ac tiv iti es e nh an ce d Pr om ot e ac tiv e in vo lv em en t o f y ou th a nd m en in fo od p ro du ct io n ac tiv iti es 40 0 20 17 2 02 2 Te ch no lo gy a cc es s an d ad op tio n by vu ln er ab le g ro up s es pe ci al ly w om en an d yo ut h en ha nc ed . E nh an ce te ch no lo gy a cc es s an d ad op tio n by v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps e sp ec ia lly w om en a nd yo ut h. 20 20 17 2 02 2 Po lic ie s to e nh an ce fo od a cc es s in pl ac e Fa st tr ac k de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en ta tio n of po lic ie s th at w ill e nh an ce fo od a cc es s. 20 20 17 2 02 2 A cc ou nt ab ili ty a nd g oo d go ve rn an ce en ha nc ed a t a ll le ve ls Pr om ot e ac co un ta bi lit y an d go od g ov er na nc e at a ll le ve ls . 40 20 17 2 02 2 Su b To ta l 63 0 50 R E SU LT A R E A : 2 .3 I M P R O V IN G H O U SE H O L D R E SO U R C E P R O D U C T IV IT Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 2. 3. 1 A cc es si bi lit y to P ro du ct iv e R es ou rc es fo r R ur al A gr ic ul tu re To im pr ov e eq ui ty in ac ce ss a nd c on tr ol o f pr od uc tiv e re so ur ce s an d h ar ne ss th e ex is tin g po te nt ia l o f p ro du ct iv e re so ur ce s by a ll ge nd er s an d vu ln er ab le g ro up s A gr ic ul tu re la nd u se M as te r P la n de ve lo pe d D ev el op m en t o f a n A gr ic ul tu re L an d U se M as te r P la n 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 E ffi ci en t a nd re ad ily a cc es si bl e la nd re gi st ry s ys te m d ev el op ed E st ab lis h an e ffi ci en t a nd e as ily a cc es si bl e la nd re gi st ry s ys te m . 15 20 17 2 02 2 Su st ai na bl e m an ag em en t o f pr od uc tiv e re so ur ce s A do pt p ar tic ip at or y ap pr oa ch es to ru ra l de ve lo pm en t a nd s us ta in ab le m an ag em en t o f pr od uc tiv e re so ur ce s. 20 20 17 2 02 2 Im pr ov ed a cc es s to , c on tr ol an d m an ag em en t o f p ro du ct iv e re so ur ce s ac ro ss g en de rs Pr om ot e eq ui ta bl e ac ce ss to , c on tr ol a nd m an ag em en t o f p ro du ct iv e re so ur ce s ac ro ss ge nd er in cl ud in g w om en a nd y ou th . 20 20 17 2 02 2 C ap ac ity o f c om m un iti es to ad ap t t o ch an gi ng n ee ds a nd en vi ro nm en ta l a nd s oc io e co no m ic co nd iti on s st re ng th en ed . St re ng th en th e ca pa ci ty o f c om m un iti es to ad ap t t o ch an gi ng n ee ds a nd e nv ir on m en ta l an d so ci o ec on om ic c on di tio ns . 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 Te ch ni ca l a nd s oc ia l o pt io ns fo r im pr ov em en t o f p ro du ct iv ity a nd in co m es in m ar gi na l a gr ic ul tu ra l ar ea s an d ot he r f ra gi le e co sy st em s pr om ot ed . Pr om ot e te ch ni ca l a nd s oc ia l o pt io ns fo r im pr ov em en t o f p ro du ct iv ity a nd in co m es in m ar gi na l a gr ic ul tu ra l a re as a nd o th er fr ag ile ec os ys te m s. 60 20 17 2 02 2 Im pr ov ed in fo rm at io n flo w a nd ne tw or ki ng a m on g st ak eh ol de rs Im pr ov e in fo rm at io n flo w a nd n et w or ki ng am on g st ak eh ol de rs . 20 20 17 2 02 2 Im pr ov ed b en efi t s ha ri ng fr om co m m un ity re so ur ce s Fa ci lit at e be ne fit s ha ri ng fr om c om m un ity re so ur ce s th ro ug h su st ai na bl e m an ag em en t an d co ns er va tio n 20 20 17 2 02 2 35 0 51 R E SU LT A R E A : 2 .3 I M P R O V IN G H O U SE H O L D R E SO U R C E P R O D U C T IV IT Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 2. 3. 2 Su st ai na bl e In te ns ifi ca tio n an d D iv er si fic at io n of A gr ic ul tu ra l Pr od uc tio n Sy st em s To p ro m ot e ag ri cu ltu ra l in te ns ifi ca tio n th ro ug h su st ai na bl e an d effi ci en t us e of p ro du ct iv e re so ur ce s an d re du ce th e ri sk s of li ve lih oo d fa ilu re In cr ea se d ou tp ut p er u ni t a re a Pr om ot e ap pr op ri at e in te ns ifi ed a nd su st ai na bl e ag ri cu ltu ra l p ro du ct io n sy st em s th at a re fr ie nd ly to fr ag ile e co sy st em s 10 00 20 17 2 02 2 Im pr ov ed d iv er si fic at io n an d pr od uc tio n of n ut ri en t r ic h fo od s Pr om ot e di ve rs ifi ca tio n an d pr od uc tio n of nu tr ie nt ri ch fo od s 25 20 17 2 02 2 R es ea rc h an d re se ar ch e xt en si on fa rm er li nk ag es to e nh an ce d St re ng th en re se ar ch a nd re se ar ch ex te ns io n fa rm er li nk ag es to e nh an ce fl ow an d ut ili sa tio n of te ch ni ca l i nf or m at io n ap pr op ri at e fo r i nt en si fie d an d di ve rs ifi ed ag ri cu ltu ra l p ro du ct io n sy st em s. 50 20 17 2 02 2 Tr ai ni ng g ui de lin es fo r pr om ot io n of in te ns ifi ca tio n an d di ve rs ifi ca tio n of a gr ic ul tu ra l pr od uc tio n sy st em s de ve lo pe d Su pp or t d ev el op m en t o f t ra in in g gu id el in es fo r p ro m ot io n of in te ns ifi ca tio n an d di ve rs ifi ca tio n of a gr ic ul tu ra l p ro du ct io n sy st em s. 10 20 17 2 02 2 2. 3. 3 Im pr ov in g U rb an a nd Pe ri u rb an A gr ic ul tu re To im pr ov e ho us eh ol d fo od a va ila bi lit y, th ro ug h ur ba n an d pe ri ur ba n ag ri cu ltu re G ui de lin es fo r u rb an a nd p er i ur ba n ag ri cu ltu re d ev el op ed D ev el op g ui de lin es fo r u rb an a nd p er i ur ba n ag ri cu ltu re 10 20 17 2 02 2 U rb an a nd p er i ur ba n ag ri cu ltu re re gu la to ry fr am ew or k re vi ew ed R ev ie w th e ur ba n an d pe ri u rb an a gr ic ul tu re re gu la to ry fr am ew or k to b e in li ne w ith th e de ve lo pe d le gi sl at io n an d gu id el in es . 20 20 17 2 02 2 Fa rm er s se ns iti ze d on g oo d ag ri cu ltu ra l p ra ct ic es in u rb an a nd pe ri u rb an a re as Se ns iti za tio n an d ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g of fa rm er s an d ot he r s ta ke ho ld er s on g oo d ag ri cu ltu ra l pr ac tic es in u rb an a nd p er i ur ba n ar ea s. 20 20 17 2 02 2 M on ito ri ng a nd s ur ve ill an ce sy st em in e nf or ce m en t o f u rb an / pe ri u rb an a gr ic ul tu ra l p ro du ct io n ru le s an d re gu la tio ns s tr en gt he ne d. St re ng th en m on ito ri ng a nd s ur ve ill an ce sy st em in e nf or ce m en t o f u rb an /p er i ur ba n ag ri cu ltu ra l p ro du ct io n ru le s an d re gu la tio ns . 20 20 17 2 02 2 2. 3. 4 Im pr ov in g Fo od S to ra ge , Pr es er va tio n an d V al ue a dd iti on a t ho us eh ol d le ve l. To m in im iz e po st ha rv es t l os se s an d w as te at h ou se h ol d le ve l b y en ha nc in g ca pa ci ty of h ou se ho ld s in fo od an d fo ra ge s to ra ge , pr es er va tio n an d va lu e ad di tio n. C om m un ity b as ed fo od s to ra ge an d pr es er va tio n sy st em s pr om ot ed Se ns iti za tio n an d pr om ot io n of c om m un ity ba se d fo od s to ra ge a nd p re se rv at io n. 20 20 17 2 02 2 52 R E SU LT A R E A : 2 .3 I M P R O V IN G H O U SE H O L D R E SO U R C E P R O D U C T IV IT Y P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * A pp ro pr ia te te ch no lo gi es fo rf oo d/ fo ra ge h an dl in g, p re se rv at io n, va lu e ad di tio n an d st or ag e in pl ac e. Pr om ot e re se ar ch a nd d ev el op m en t o f ap pr op ri at e te ch no lo gi es o f f oo d/ fo ra ge ha nd lin g, p re se rv at io n, v al ue a dd iti on a nd st or ag e. 20 20 17 2 02 2 H ou se ho ld s kn ow le dg e on ap pr op ri at e sa fe h an dl in g, pr es er va tio n, v al ue a dd iti on a nd st or ag e te ch no lo gi es e nh an ce d E nh an ce c ap ac ity o f h ou se ho ld s on in di ge no us k no w le dg e an d ap pr op ri at e sa fe ha nd lin g, p re se rv at io n, v al ue a dd iti on a nd st or ag e te ch no lo gi es o f f oo d pr od uc ts . 20 20 17 2 02 2 Su pp or t i nf ra st ru ct ur e fo r c ol d st or ag e an d pr oc es si ng in fo od pr od uc tio n zo ne s pr om ot ed . Fa ci lit at e de ve lo pm en t o f s up po rt in fr as tr uc tu re fo r c ol d st or ag e an d pr oc es si ng in fo od p ro du ct io n zo ne s. 10 00 20 17 2 02 2 W ar eh ou se re ce ip tin g sy st em s fo r st or ag e of g ra in s an d ot he r f oo ds pr om ot ed Pr om ot e w ar eh ou se re ce ip tin g sy st em s fo r s to ra ge o f g ra in s an d ot he r f oo ds in a ll co un tie s 60 20 17 2 02 2 Su b To ta l 1, 37 0 R E SU LT A R E A : 2. 4 I M P R O V IN G F O O D S A F E T Y A N D Q U A L IT Y A SS U R A N C E P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 2. 4 Pr ot ec t t he pu bl ic h ea lth a nd nu tr iti on o f a ll H ar m on iz in g th e In st itu tio na l an d L eg is la tiv e Fr am ew or k fo r p ro te ct in g fo od s af et y an d qu al ity . To e st ab lis h an d m ai nt ai n a ra tio na l, in te gr at ed fa rm t o fo rk fo od s af et y sy st em to pr ot ec t pu bl ic h ea lth an d nu tr iti on L aw s an d re gu la tio ns to a dd re ss em er gi ng c ha lle ng es p er ta in in g to fo od s af et y an d qu al ity re vi ew ed an d ha rm on iz ed . R ev ie w a nd h ar m on iz e th e cu rr en t l aw s an d re gu la tio ns to a dd re ss e m er gi ng c ha lle ng es pe rt ai ni ng to fo od s af et y an d pr ov id e fo r fu nc tio na l r es po ns ib ili tie s at a lo ng th e fo od va lu e ch ai n at b ot h na tio na l a nd c ou nt ie s le ve ls . 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M oA L F, M oH , M oD P, M T IC , D P, C G E nh an ce d lin ka ge s be tw ee n re se ar ch a nd in du st ry to p ro m ot e fo od s af et y an d qu al ity c on tr ol . E nh an ce li nk ag es b et w ee n re se ar ch a nd in du st ry to p ro m ot e fo od s af et y an d qu al ity co nt ro l. 20 20 17 2 02 2 M oA L F, M oH , M oD P, M T IC , D P, C G To c re at ed e ffi ci en ci es in th e na tio na l f oo d sa fe ty c on tr ol s ys te m , A n eff ec tiv e fa rm to fo lk fo od sa fe ty m on ito ri ng a nd e va lu at io n sy st em in d ev el op ed . D ev el op a n eff ec tiv e fa rm to fo lk fo od s af et y m on ito ri ng a nd e va lu at io n sy st em to e ns ur e th at o nl y sa fe fo od is a va ile d to c on su m er s. 20 20 17 2 02 2 M oA L F, M oH , M oD P, M T IC , D P, C G 53 R E SU LT A R E A : 2. 4 I M P R O V IN G F O O D S A F E T Y A N D Q U A L IT Y A SS U R A N C E P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M ill . K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * To re du ce g ap s or la ck o f a cc ou nt ab ili ty re su lti ng in re cu rr en ce of fo od re la te d ha za rd s, C ap ac ity o f i ns tit ut io ns to un de rt ak e ri sk a na ly si s an d ea rl y w ar ni ng e nh an ce d. St re ng th en c ap ac ity o f i ns tit ut io ns to un de rt ak e ri sk a na ly si s an d ea rl y w ar ni ng a t bo th n at io na l a nd c ou nt y le ve ls in o rd er to pr ev en t o ut br ea k of fo od b or ne il ln es s an d di se as es . 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M oA L F, M oH , M oD P, M T IC , D P, C G In cr ea se d re so ur ce s fo r m ai ns tr ea m in g fo od s af et y an d qu al ity c on ce rn s at a ll le ve ls . M ob ili ze re so ur ce s to m ai ns tr ea m fo od s af et y an d qu al ity c on ce rn s in p ro gr am m e pl an ni ng an d im pl em en ta tio n at b ot h na tio na l a nd co un ty le ve ls 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M oA L F, M oH , M oD P, M T IC , D P, C G A m ec ha ni sm fo r c er tifi ca tio n an d ac cr ed ita tio n of fo od te st in g la bo ra to ri es in p l;a ce A n in ve nt or y of c er tifi ed / ac cr ed ite d la bo ra to ri es fo r f oo d te st in g an d an al ys is in p la ce D ev el op a m ec ha ni sm fo r c er tifi ca tio n an d ac cr ed ita tio n of fo od te st in g la bo ra to ri es a nd m ai nt ai n an in ve nt or y of c er tifi ed /a cc re di te d la bo ra to ri es fo r f oo d te st in g an d an al ys is 20 20 17 2 02 2 M oA L F, M oH , M oD P, M T IC , D P, C G D at a ba nk o n fo od s af et y de ve lo pe d. E st ab lis h da ta b an k on fo od s af et y at N at io na l an d C ou nt y le ve ls b y ta ki ng in ve nt or y of ex pe rt is e an d sc ie nt ifi c w or ks . 20 20 17 2 02 2 M oA L F, M oH , M oD P, M T IC , D P, C G A h ar m on iz ed a nd c oo rd in at ed in te r – a ge nc y in st itu tio na l fr am ew or k in p la ce . Fo od s af et y re gu la tio ns th at a re in c on fo rm ity w ith lo ca l a nd in te rn at io na l t ra de re qu ir em en ts in p la ce H ar m on iz e an d st re ng th en in te r ag en cy e ff or ts in fo od s af et y an d qu al ity c on tr ol m on ito ri ng to m in im iz e ov er la ps a nd in te r ag en cy co nfl ic ts . 20 20 17 2 02 2 M oA L F, M oH , M oD P, M T IC , D P, C G A s af eg ua rd m ec ha ni sm fo r sa fe fo od tr ad e, c om m un ic at io n, fe ed ba ck a nd in fo rm at io n di ss em in at io n fo r c on su m er s pr ot ec tio n an d ot he r f oo d ch ai n ac to rs in p la ce . D ev el op a s af eg ua rd m ec ha ni sm fo r s af e fo od tr ad e, c om m un ic at io n, fe ed ba ck a nd in fo rm at io n di ss em in at io n fo r c on su m er s pr ot ec tio n an d ot he r f oo d ch ai n ac to rs 20 20 17 2 02 2 M oA L F, M oH , M oD P, M T IC , D P, C G Su b To ta l 42 0 54 N UT RI TI O N IM PR O V EM EN T 3. 0 N U T R IT IO N I M P R O V E M E N T P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 3. 1 L if ec yc le A pp ro ac h to N ut ri tio n Im pr ov em en t To a ch ie ve op tim al n ut ri tio n de ve lo pm en ta l an d ph ys io lo gi ca l fu nc tio ns a t a ll st ag es th ro ug ho ut h um an lif ec yc le . D ev el op ed , r ev ie w ed a nd di ss em in at ed a pp ro pr ia te co ho rt s pe ci fic n ut ri tio n gu id el in es D ev el op , r ev ie w a nd d is se m in at e ap pr op ri at e co ho rt s pe ci fic n ut ri tio n gu id el in es 10 5 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs R ou tin e as se ss m en t a nd m on ito ri ng o f t he n ut ri tio na l st at us o f a ll co ho rt s in st itu tio na liz ed Pr om ot e ro ut in e as se ss m en t a nd m on ito ri ng o f t he n ut ri tio na l s ta tu s of a ll co ho rt s a t c om m un ity , h ea lth fa ci lit ie s an d w or kp la ce 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns N ut ri tio n sy st em s fo r a ll co ho rt s at c om m un ity , h ea lth fa ci lit ie s an d w or kp la ce st re ng th en ed a nd s up po rt ed St re ng th en a nd s up po rt n ut ri tio n sy st em s fo r a ll co ho rt s at c om m un ity , he al th fa ci lit ie s an d w or kp la ce 60 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O PD , C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns G oo d n ut ri tio n pr ac tic es am on g al l l if ec yc le c oh or ts pr om ot ed Pr om ot e go od n ut ri tio n pr ac tic es am on g co ho rt s 80 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O E , M oA L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts ,D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns C on su m pt io n of d iv er si fie d an d nu tr iti on al ly a de qu at e di et ac ro ss th e lif ec yc le p ro m ot ed Pr om ot e co ns um pt io n of d iv er si fie d an d nu tr iti on al ly a de qu at e di et a cr os s th e lif ec yc le . 80 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O D P, M oA L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns Im pl em en te d an d en fo rc ed fo od a nd n ut ri tio n re la te d le gi sl at io ns a nd la w s Im pl em en t a nd e nf or ce th e fo od a nd nu tr iti on r el at ed le gi sl at io ns a nd la w s 50 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O W I, M O E , M O D P, M oA L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns , E m pl oy er s N ut ri tio n ag en da in a ll ag ri cu ltu re s ec to r p ro je ct s an d pr og ra m s in d es ig ns a nd pl an s in v al ue c ha in s an d fo od se cu ri ty a ct iv iti es in te gr at ed St re ng th en a nd s up po rt in te gr at io n of nu tr iti on a ge nd a in a ll ag ri cu ltu re s ec to r pr oj ec ts a nd p ro gr am s de si gn s an d pl an s in v al ue c ha in s an d fo od s ec ur ity ac tiv iti es 60 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M oA L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns , 55 3. 0 N U T R IT IO N I M P R O V E M E N T P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * H yg ie ni c fo od p re pa ra tio n, re se ar ch a nd a do pt io n of ap pr op ri at e ho us eh ol d fo od pr oc es si ng m et ho ds to re du ce po st h ar ve st lo ss es a nd se as on al ity o f f oo d pr om ot ed Pr om ot e hy gi en ic fo od p re pa ra tio n, re se ar ch a nd a do pt io n of a pp ro pr ia te ho us eh ol d fo od p ro ce ss in g m et ho ds to re du ce p os t ha rv es t l os se s an d se as on al ity o f f oo d 60 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M oA L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns , To ta l 3, 66 5 3. 2. M ic ro nu tr ie nt D efi ci en cy Pr ev en tio n an d C on tr ol To p re ve nt a nd re du ce m ic ro n ut ri en t de fic ie nc y di so rd er s, Pr od uc tio n, b io f or tifi ca tio n an d pr es er va tio n of m ic ro nu tr ie nt r ic h fo od s at ho us eh ol d le ve l p ro m ot ed . Pr om ot e pr od uc tio n, b io f or tifi ca tio n an d pr es er va tio n of m ic ro nu tr ie nt r ic h fo od s at h ou se ho ld le ve l. 90 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, M O H , M O E , C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns , r es ea rc h in st itu tio ns C on su m pt io n of d iv er si fie d an d nu tr iti on al ly a de qu at e di et th ro ug ho ut th e lif e cy cl e pr om ot ed . Pr om ot e co ns um pt io n of d iv er si fie d an d nu tr iti on al ly a de qu at e di et th ro ug ho ut th e lif ec yc le . 60 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, M O H ,M O E , C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns Sc al ed u p pr og ra m s to pr om ot e an d fa ci lit at e fo rt ifi ca tio n of w id el y co ns um ed s ta pl e fo od s, co ok in g oi ls a nd s ug ar . Sc al e up p ro gr am s to p ro m ot e an d fa ci lit at e fo rt ifi ca tio n of w id el y co ns um ed s ta pl e fo od s, c oo ki ng o ils an d su ga r. 80 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns St re ng th en ed ro ut in e an d th er ap eu tic m ic ro nu tr ie nt su pp le m en ta tio n (v ita m in A , ir on a nd fo la te , M N Ps ) f or ch ild re n, w om en a nd id en tifi ed vu ln er ab le g ro up s. St re ng th en ro ut in e an d th er ap eu tic m ic ro nu tr ie nt s up pl em en ta tio n (v ita m in A , i ro n an d fo lia te , z in c) fo r c hi ld re n, w om en a nd id en tifi ed v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps . 75 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O E , M O D P, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns Sc al e up in te rv en tio ns o f pu bl ic h ea lth m ea su re s th at p re ve nt m ic ro nu tr ie nt de fic ie nc ie s su pp or te d Su pp or t S ca le u p in te rv en tio ns o n pu bl ic h ea lth m ea su re s th at p re ve nt m ic ro nu tr ie nt d efi ci en ci es 11 7 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te in st itu tio ns M on ito ri ng a nd e va lu at io n sy st em o n m ic ro nu tr ie nt de fic ie nc y pr ev en tio n an d co nt ro l d ev el op ed a nd re vi ew ed D ev el op a nd ,r ev ie w a m on ito ri ng a nd ev al ua tio n sy st em o n m ic ro nu tr ie nt de fic ie nc y pr ev en tio n an d co nt ro l 30 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , d ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te se ct or 56 3. 0 N U T R IT IO N I M P R O V E M E N T P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * D ev el op ed , r ev ie w ed a nd im pl em en te d m ic ro nu tr ie nt gu id el in es a nd s tr at eg ie s D ev el op , r ev ie w a nd im pl em en t m ic ro nu tr ie nt g ui de lin es a nd s tr at eg ie s 40 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , d ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te se ct or Su b to ta l 2, 56 2 3. 3 N ut ri ti on ad vo ca cy , co m m un ic at io n an d so ci al m ob ili za ti on am on g th e po pu la ti on T he o bj ec tiv e is to im pr ov e pr io ri tiz at io n of fo od a nd n ut ri tio n ag en da T o ge ne ra te de m an d an d ad op tio n of fo od a nd n ut ri tio n se rv ic es a nd p ra ct ic es . T he p ol iti ca l p ri or iti za tio n of nu tr iti on a t r eg io na l, na tio na l an d co un ty le ve l i nc re as ed a nd su st ai ne d In cr ea se a nd s us ta in th e po lit ic al pr io ri tiz at io n of n ut ri tio n at re gi on al , na tio na l a nd c ou nt y le ve l 94 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , S U N N E T W O R K S, E na bl in g po lic y en vi ro nm en t in s up po rt o f a c oo rd in at ed in te gr at ed a nd e ff ec tiv e nu tr iti on n s ec to r I m pr ov ed an d m ai nt ai ne d Im pr ov e an d m ai nt ai n an e na bl in g po lic y en vi ro nm en t i n su pp or t o f a co or di na te d in te gr at ed a nd e ff ec tiv e nu tr iti on s ec to r 23 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , S U N N E T W O R K S In cr ea se d fin an ci al re so ur ce al lo ca tio n an d ex pe nd itu re on n ut ri tio n fo r s us ta in ed a nd m or e eq ui ta bl e se rv ic es In cr ea se th e fin an ci al re so ur ce al lo ca tio n an d ex pe nd itu re o n nu tr iti on fo r s us ta in ed a nd m or e eq ui ta bl e se rv ic es 90 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , S U N N E T W O R K S In cr ea se a nd s tr en gt he ni ng o f th e hu m an c ap ac ity a nd s ki lls of th e nu tr iti on s ec to r s ca le d up Sc al e up th e In cr ea se a nd s tr en gt he ni ng of th e hu m an c ap ac ity a nd s ki lls o f t he nu tr iti on s ec to r 75 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , S U N N E T W O R K S T he e ffi ci en cy o f n ut ri tio n se ct or fi na nc ia l, m on ito ri ng an d ev al ua tio n, a nd k no w le dg e m an ag em en t s ys te m s Im pr ov e th e effi ci en cy o f n ut ri tio n se ct or fi na nc ia l m on ito ri ng , e va lu at io n an d kn ow le dg e m an ag em en t s ys te m s 11 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , S U N N E T W O R K S K no w le dg e at tit ud es a nd pr ac tic e on o pt im al n ut ri tio n im pr ov ed a nd d em an d nu tr iti on s er vi ce s an d pr ac tic e in cr ea se d Im pr ov e kn ow le dg e an d at tit ud es o n op tim al n ut ri tio n fo r i nc re as ed d em an d of n ut ri tio n se rv ic es a nd p ra ct ic e 30 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , S U N N E T W O R K S C om m un ity e ng ag em en t, pa rt ic ip at io n an d fe ed ba ck m ec ha ni sm in n ut ri tio n se rv ic es a nd d ec is io n m ak in g pr oc es se s st re ng th en ed . St re ng th en C om m un ity e ng ag em en t, pa rt ic ip at io n an d fe ed ba ck m ec ha ni sm in n ut ri tio n se rv ic es a nd d ec is io n m ak in g pr oc es se s 12 5 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , S U N N E T W O R K S 57 3. 0 N U T R IT IO N I M P R O V E M E N T P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * Pr io ri tiz at io n of re so ur ce al lo ca tio n to s up po rt m ed ic al nu tr iti on th er ap y in h os pi ta ls Pr io ri tiz at io n of re so ur ce a llo ca tio n to su pp or t m ed ic al n ut ri tio n th er ap y in ho sp ita ls 60 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H T he a do pt io n of n ut ri tio n ap pr oa ch es b y se ct or a ct or s to re ac h an d su pp or t i nd iv id ua ls w ith n ut ri tio n in cr ea se d In cr ea se th e ad op tio n of n ut ri tio n ap pr oa ch es b y se ct or a ct or s to re ac h an d su pp or t i nd iv id ua ls w ith n ut ri tio n 12 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , S U N N E T W O R K S Su b to ta l 1, 64 5 3. 4 N ut ri ti on an d In fe ct io n To im pr ov e th e nu tr iti on al c ar e, tr ea tm en t a nd s up po rt du ri ng il ln es s N at io na l g ui de lin es a nd st an da rd s fo r n ut ri tio na l c ar e an d su pp or t d ur in g ill ne ss an d di se as es m an ag em en t de ve lo pe d, re vi ew ed a nd di ss em in at ed . D ev el op , r ev ie w a nd d is se m in at e na tio na l g ui de lin es a nd s ta nd ar ds fo r nu tr iti on al c ar e an d su pp or t d ur in g ill ne ss a nd d is ea se s m an ag em en t 11 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,d ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te se ct or , p ub lic a nd p ri va te re fe rr al h os pi ta ls , t ra in in g in st itu tio ns C ap ac ity o f h ea lth ca re pr ov id er s to g iv e op tim al nu tr iti on c ar e, tr ea tm en t a nd su pp or t i n m an ag em en t o f co m m on d is ea se s st re ng th en ed St re ng th en th e ca pa ci ty o f h ea lth ca re pr ov id er s to g iv e op tim al n ut ri tio n ca re , tr ea tm en t a nd s up po rt in m an ag em en t of c om m on d is ea se s 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls Pr og ra m s on a w ar en es s cr ea tio n on d is ea se p re ve nt io n st ra te gi es a t h ou se ho ld le ve l in cl ud in g in ve st m en t i n sa fe w at er a nd s an ita tio n fa ci lit ie s pr om ot ed Pr om ot e pr og ra m s on a w ar en es s cr ea tio n on d is ea se p re ve nt io n st ra te gi es a t h ou se ho ld le ve l i nc lu di ng in ve st m en t i n sa fe w at er a nd s an ita tio n fa ci lit ie s 30 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te p ar tn er s In te gr at io n of w at er s an ita tio n an d hy gi en e w ith n ut ri tio n pr om ot ed Pr om ot e in te gr at io n of w at er s an ita tio n an d hy gi en e w ith n ut ri tio n 20 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O D P, M O W I, C ou nt y G ov er nm en ts , d ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te an d m is si on h os pi ta ls Pr oc ur ed m ed ic al n ut ri tio n th er ap y eq ui pm en t Pr oc ur e m ed ic al n ut ri tio n th er ap y eq ui pm en t 14 ,0 00 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,C ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls 58 3. 0 N U T R IT IO N I M P R O V E M E N T P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * A pp ro pr ia te m an ag em en t o f m al nu tr iti on o f pr eg na nt a nd la ct at in g w om en , c hi ld re n an d ot he r l if ec yc le c oh or ts pr om ot ed Pr om ot e ap pr op ri at e m an ag em en t o f m al nu tr iti on fo r p re gn an t, la ct at in g w om en , c hi ld re n< 5 ye ar s an d ot he r lif ec yc le c oh or ts 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls . st re ng th en ed re fe rr al m ec ha ni sm s an d lin ka ge b et w ee n th e co m m un ity a nd h ea lth fa ci lit y St re ng th en th e re fe rr al m ec ha ni sm s an d lin ka ge b et w ee n th e co m m un ity a nd he al th fa ci lit y 10 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , C O U N T Y G O V E R N M E N T, d ev el op m en t an d im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , pr iv at e an d m is si on h os pi ta ls Pe rs on s w ith o th er c hr on ic co nd iti on s ou ns el le d on g oo d nu tr iti on p ra ct ic es E ns ur e pe rs on s w ith o th er c hr on ic co nd iti on s ar e ou ns el le d on g oo d nu tr iti on p ra ct ic es 70 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls Su b To ta l 15 ,5 40 3. 5 N ut ri ti on an d N on C om m un ic ab le D is ea se s To h al t a nd re ve rs e th e pr ev al en ce o f d ie t re la te d N C D s an d en ha nc e th ei r c on tr ol an d m an ag em en t D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en ta tio n of n at io na l nu tr iti on s tr at eg ie s an d gu id el in es fo r m an ag em en t o f N C D s su pp or te d Su pp or t d ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en ta tio n of n at io na l n ut ri tio n st ra te gi es a nd g ui de lin es fo r m an ag em en t o f N C D s 10 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs R ou tin e sc re en in g of d ie t re la te d N C D s an d its pr ed is po si ng fa ct or s lik e ov er w ei gh t a nd o be si ty pr om ot ed Pr om ot e ro ut in e sc re en in g of d ie t re la te d N C D s an d its p re di sp os in g fa ct or s lik e ov er w ei gh t a nd o be si ty 70 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls Su pp or t t o pr og ra m s on as se ss m en t; pr ev en tio n an d m an ag em en t o f d ie t r el at ed N C D s in cr ea se d. In cr ea se s up po rt to p ro gr am s on a ss es sm en t; pr ev en tio n an d m an ag em en t o f d ie t r el at ed N C D s. 1, 17 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls 59 3. 0 N U T R IT IO N I M P R O V E M E N T P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * R es ea rc h an d m on ito r pr ev al en ce a nd tr en ds o f N C D s us in g th e lif e cy cl e ap pr oa ch to c re at e he al th y lif es ty le s an d eff ec tiv e nu tr iti on in te rv en tio ns su pp or te d Su pp or t r es ea rc h an d m on ito r pr ev al en ce a nd tr en ds o f N C D s us in g th e lif e cy cl e ap pr oa ch to c re at e he al th y lif es ty le s an d eff ec tiv e nu tr iti on in te rv en tio ns 70 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls Su bt ot al 19 50 3. 6 U rb an N ut ri ti on To p ro m ot e op tim al nu tr iti on a nd h ea lth fo r u rb an d w el le rs Tr ac ki ng s ys te m n fo r u rb an m al nu tr iti on in e st ab lis he d E st ab lis h an e ff ec tiv e m on ito ri ng sy st em to tr ac k m al nu tr iti on in u rb an in di vi du al s 80 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , C ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls H ig h im pa ct n ut ri tio n in te rv en tio ns s ca le d up in ur ba n ar ea s Sc al e up o f h ig h im pa ct n ut ri tio n in te rv en tio ns in u rb an a re as 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , C ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls M ul ti se ct or al c oo rd in at io n pl at fo rm e st ab lis he d in u rb an ar ea s E st ab lis h a m ul ti se ct or al c oo rd in at io n, jo in t p la nn in g an d im pl em en ta tio n m ec ha ni sm in u rb an a re as 20 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , C ou nt y go ve rn m en t, de ve lo pm en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te a nd m is si on ho sp ita ls Su b to ta l 20 0 3. 7 N ut ri ti on in sc ho ol s, p ub lic an d pr iv at e in st it ut io ns To im pr ov e op tim al nu tr iti on a nd h ea lth fo r i nd iv id ua ls in th es e in st itu tio ns . In st itu tio na l m ea ls a nd nu tr iti on s tr at eg ie s an d gu id el in es d ev el op ed ha rm on iz ed a nd d is se m in at ed D ev el op , h ar m on iz e an d di ss em in at e in st itu tio na l m ea ls a nd n ut ri tio n st ra te gi es a nd g ui de lin es 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, Pr om ot e th e pr ov is io n of nu tr iti ou s m ea ls to in di vi du al s in s ch oo ls , p ri va te a nd pu bl ic in st itu tio ns d ev el op ed ha rm on iz ed a nd d is se m in at ed Pr om ot e th e pr ov is io n of n ut ri tio us m ea ls to in di vi du al s in s ch oo ls , p ri va te an d pu bl ic in st itu tio ns 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, B as ic n ut ri tio n tr ai ni ng m ai ns tr ea m ed in a ll sc ho ol s an d ot he r i ns tit ut io ns c ur ri cu la M ai ns tr ea m b as ic n ut ri tio n tr ai ni ng in a ll sc ho ol s an d ot he r i ns tit ut io ns cu rr ic ul a 40 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, K IC D 60 3. 0 N U T R IT IO N I M P R O V E M E N T P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S) T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * A pp ro pr ia te n ut ri tio n in te rv en tio ns in s ch oo ls a nd ot he r i ns tit ut io ns im pl em en te d Su pp or t i m pl em en t o f a pp ro pr ia te nu tr iti on in te rv en tio ns in s ch oo ls a nd ot he r i ns tit ut io ns . 3, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P co un ty g ov er nm en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , E st ab lis hm en t o f a gr ic ul tu ra l pr od uc tio n (g ar de ns , l iv es to ck an d fis h) fo r f oo d an d nu tr iti on ed uc at io n an d To in cr ea se ac ce ss to d iv er se fo od s an d fo r in co m e ge ne ra tio n pr om ot ed Pr om ot e es ta bl is hm en t o f a gr ic ul tu ra l pr od uc tio n (g ar de ns , l iv es to ck a nd fi sh ) fo r f oo d an d nu tr iti on e du ca tio n an d to in cr ea se a cc es s to d iv er se fo od s an d fo r in co m e ge ne ra tio n. 50 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , C ap ac iti es o f s ch oo l m an ag em en t a nd te ac he rs o n ea rl y id en tifi ca tio n of h ea lth an d nu tr iti on p ro bl em s an d tim el y re fe rr al fo r a pp ro pr ia te ac tio n bu ild . C ap ac ity b ui ld in g of s ch oo l m an ag em en t a nd te ac he rs o n ea rl y id en tifi ca tio n of h ea lth a nd n ut ri tio n pr ob le m s an d tim el y re fe rr al fo r ap pr op ri at e ac tio n. 50 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , L in ka ge s be tw ee n ro ut in e he al th a nd n ut ri tio n se rv ic es an d sc ho ol a ct iv iti es , i nc lu di ng re gu la r m on ito ri ng o f nu tr iti on al s ta tu s pr om ot ed ; Pr om ot e lin ka ge s be tw ee n ro ut in e he al th a nd n ut ri tio n se rv ic es a nd s ch oo l ac tiv iti es , i nc lu di ng re gu la r m on ito ri ng of n ut ri tio na l s ta tu s. 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , D et ec tio n an d re fe rr al o f m al no ur is he d st ud en ts to he al th fa ci lit ie s, c ou ns el in g se rv ic es , s oc ia l p ro te ct io n, or m ea ls p ro gr am s an d ot he r co m m un ity a ge nc ie s an d se rv ic es s up po rt ed . Su pp or t t he d et ec tio n an d re fe rr al of m al no ur is he d st ud en ts to h ea lth fa ci lit ie s, c ou ns el in g se rv ic es , s oc ia l pr ot ec tio n, o r m ea ls p ro gr am s an d ot he r co m m un ity a ge nc ie s an d se rv ic es . 15 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P co un ty g ov er nm en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs ,, U se o f t im e an d en er gy s av in g te ch no lo gi es to e nh an ce ca pa ci tie s of h ou se ho ld s to pr ov id en ut ri tio na lly a de qu at e di et s pr om ot ed . Pr om ot e us e of ti m e an d en er gy s av in g te ch no lo gi es to e nh an ce c ap ac iti es o f ho us eh ol ds to p ro vi de n ut ri tio na lly ad eq ua te d ie ts . 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs . Pr io ri tiz at io n of re so ur ce al lo ca tio n to s up po rt m ed ic al nu tr iti on th er ap y in h os pi ta ls Pr io ri tiz at io n of re so ur ce a llo ca tio n to su pp or t m ed ic al n ut ri tio n th er ap y in ho sp ita ls 60 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , p ri va te p ar tn er s Su b to ta l 5, 04 0 61 FO O D A N D N UT RI TI O N IN C RI SI S, E M ER G EN C Y SI TU A TI O N S P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * (M ill . K E S) 4. 0 F O O D A N D N U T R IT IO N I N C R IS IS , E M E R G E N C Y A N D R E C O V E R Y 4. 1 E m er ge nc y pr ep ar ed ne ss To m an ag e ri sk a nd vu ln er ab ili ty to fo od in se cu ri ty a nd m al nu tr iti on oc ca si on ed b y ca ta st ro ph es , th us p re ve nt in g cr is es fr om d ev el op in g in to em er ge nc ie s. R ed uc ed im pa ct o f d ro ug ht a nd o th er ca ta st ro ph e on h um an li ve s an d liv el ih oo d as se t R ed uc ed m or bi di ty a nd p re va le nc e of m ic ro nu tr ie nt d efi ci en ci es d ur in g em er ge nc ie s M or ta lit y an d m al nu tr iti on le ve ls m ai nt ai ne d be lo w th e em er ge nc y th re sh ol ds . L os s of p ro du ct iv e liv el ih oo d as se ts du ri ng e m er ge nc y re du ce d by 7 5% b y 20 17 . E ff ec tiv e ea rl y w ar ni ng in fo rm at io n sy st em in p la ce T im el y an d eff ec tiv e di sa st er re sp on se an d m an ag em en t of re lie f o pe ra tio ns C ap ac ity o f c om m un iti es to s us ta in fo od se cu ri ty a nd n ut ri tio n en ha nc ed St re ng th en a nd s up po rt e ar ly w ar ni ng s ys te m (s ) t o de te ct a nd pr ov id e tim el y cr uc ia l i nf or m at io n on p ot en tia l f oo d in se cu ri ty a nd m al nu tr iti on . 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 N D M A , M O H Su pp or t i nt eg ra te d vu ln er ab ili ty an al ys is fo r e m er ge nc y pr ep ar ed ne ss 10 0 20 17 /1 8 M O D P, N D M A E st ab lis hm en t a nd s tr en gt he ni ng fo od a nd a ni m al fe ed d is tr ib ut io n in fr as tr uc tu re a nd n et w or ks in cr is is p ro ne a re as . 1, 50 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, N D M A E nh an ce b ud ge t s up po rt to th e St ra te gi c Fo od R es er ve s fo r m ai nt en an ce o f a pp ro pr ia te fo od re se rv e st oc ks . 5, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, M O D P E nh an ci ng c ap ac iti es a nd op po rt un iti es fo r i m pr ov in g an d su st ai ni ng fo od s ec ur ity li ve lih oo d as se ts a nd s tr at eg ie s. 25 ,0 00 20 17 2 02 2 N D M A E nh an ce th e co nt in ge nc y fu nd s to m an ag e em er gi ng fo od a nd nu tr iti on c ri se s. 1 5, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 N D M A Su pp or t t o co nt in uo us p ea ce bu ild in g in iti at iv es a nd en ha nc em en t o f n at io na l s ec ur ity 50 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O IC N G , N D M A 62 P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * (M ill . K E S) Su pp or t c ap ac ity a nd d ev el op m en t to d is as te r r es po ns e in st itu tio n an d ce nt re fo r i m pr ov em en t o f co or di na tio n 2 50 20 17 2 02 2 M O IC N G , N D M A 32 ,5 50 4. 2 E m er ge nc y R es po ns e To e st ab lis h a w el l co or di na te d re sp on se m ec ha ni sm th at e ns ur es al l p er so ns in e m er ge nc ie s re ce iv e tim el y an d ap pr op ri at e as si st an ce to pr ot ec t t he ir fo od s ec ur ity an d nu tr iti on al s ta tu s, a nd to a vo id lo ss o f l iv es a nd liv el ih oo ds . H um an li ve s, n ut ri tio na l s ta tu s an d liv el ih oo ds p ro te ct ed M or ta lit y an d m al nu tr iti on le ve ls m ai nt ai ne d be lo w th e em er ge nc y th re sh ol ds . R ed uc ed lo ss o f l iv el ih oo d as se ts to ca ta st ro ph es . E ff ec tiv en es s an d tim el in es s of in te rv en tio ns im pr ov ed Fu nc tio na l m ul ti se ct or al c oo rd in at io n st ru ct ur es fo r h um an ita ri an re sp on se in pl ac e Jo in t p la nn in g fo r h um an ita ri an re sp on se a ch ie ve d Ti m el y di ss em in at io n of e ar ly w ar ni ng in fo rm at io n fr om a ll re le va nt s ou rc es In te r se ct or al li nk ag es a nd e ff ec tiv e co or di na tio n of h um an ita ri an re sp on se ac hi ev ed . H ar m on iz ed s ta nd ar ds , f or H um an ita ri an a ss is ta nc e in p la ce H ar m on iz ed p ro to co l f or H um an ita ri an as si st an ce in p la ce St re ng th en p ub lic p ri va te pa rt ne rs hi p to e ns ur e eff ec tiv e co or di na tio n fo r e ffi ci en t a nd eff ec tiv e re sp on se . 10 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, M O A L F, N D M A St re am lin e an d ha rm on is e gu id el in es fo r t im el y m an ag em en t of ta rg et ed re sp on se d ur in g em er ge nc ie s 30 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, M O A L F, N D M A Pr om ot e an d su pp or t m ec ha ni sm s fo r d ev ol ve d de ci si on m ak in g fo r em er ge nc y re sp on se 12 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG , N D M A St re ng th en fi na nc ia l a nd te ch ni ca l ca pa ci ty o f d ev ol ve d st ru ct ur es to re sp on d to c ri si s. 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG Ti m el y op er at io na liz at io n of co nt in ge nc y pr og ra m m es , p la ns an d fu nd s 80 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, N D M A Pr om ot e pr io ri ty in te rv en tio n ac tio ns th at m in im is e th e lo ss o f liv es a nd li ve lih oo ds 25 00 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG , M O A L F, M O W I, M O H , M O E , N D M A Pr om ot e em er ge nc y in te rv en tio n pr og ra m s th at a dd re ss s pe ci al nu tr iti on n ee ds o f t he a ff ec te d po pu la tio n. 8, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F E st ab lis hm en t o f a n eff ec tiv e an d m on ito ri ng a nd e va lu at io n sy st em fo r t he a ss es sm en t o f i m pa ct o f re sp on se . 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG , M O A L F, M O W I, M O H , M O E , N D M A 11 ,2 30 63 P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * (M ill . K E S) 4. 3 .R ec ov er y, R es ili en ce B ui ld in g an d L on g te rm D ev el op m en t To e ns ur e qu ic k re co ve ry fr om h az ar ds a nd b ui ld re si lie nc e in o rd er to re du ce v ul ne ra bi lit y of th e po pu la tio ns to fo od a nd nu tr iti on in se cu ri ty D is as te r r ec ov er y pr og ra m m es im pl em en te d In ve st in d is as te r r ec ov er y pr og ra m m es to m iti ga te th e im pa ct of d is as te rs 20 ,0 00 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG , M O A L F, M O W I, M O H , M O E , N D M A D is as te r r is k re du ct io n an d re si lie nc e bu ild in g ca rr ie d ou t Pr om ot e ho us eh ol d an d co m m un ity m an ag ed d is as te r r is k re du ct io n an d re si lie nc e bu ild in g m ea su re s 5, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG , M O A L F, M O W I, M O H , M O E , N D M A So ci al p ro te ct io n pr og ra m m es in tr od uc ed a nd im pl em en te d Pr om ot e ap pr op ri at e so ci al pr ot ec tio n sc he m es to p ro te ct co m m un iti es fr om fo od a nd nu tr iti on in se cu ri ty . 30 ,0 00 20 17 2 02 2 N D M A Po pu la tio ns w ith s pe ci fic n ut ri tio n ne ed s be ne fit fr om s up pl em en ta ry a nd th er ap eu tic fe ed in g pr og ra m s Su pp or t i nt eg ra tio n of Su pp le m en ta ry a nd T he ra pe ut ic fe ed in g pr og ra m s fo r p op ul at io ns w ith s pe ci fic n ut ri tio n ne ed s. 4, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O E , C oG , M O D P, M O A L F L iv el ih oo d re co ve ry p ro gr am s su pp or te d Pr om ot e an d su pp or t l iv el ih oo d re co ve ry p ro gr am s by a dd re ss in g pr im ar y pr od uc tio n fa ct or s to im pr ov e fo od a va ila bi lit y an d ac ce ss . 5, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C oG , M O D P, M O W I, N D M A Pr og ra m s th at a ct iv at e m ar ke t fu nc tio ni ng a nd s er vi ce p ro vi si on pr om ot ed Pr om ot e pr og ra m s th at a ct iv at e m ar ke t f un ct io ni ng a nd s er vi ce pr ov is io n 1, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C oG , M O D P, N D M A Pr im ar y he al th c ar e/ e ss en tia l n ut ri tio n ac tio ns p ro gr am m es s up po rt ed Su pp or t t he p ri m ar y he al th ca re /e ss en tia l n ut ri tio n ac tio ns pr og ra m m es to p ro m ot e he al th a nd nu tr iti on s ec ur ity 5, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H , M O A L F, C oG , N D M A Sc ho ol e nr ol m en t, re te nt io n an d co m pl et io n ra te s am on g fo od in se cu re ho us eh ol ds e nh an ce d E nh an ce s ch oo l e nr ol m en t, re te nt io n an d co m pl et io n ra te s am on g fo od in se cu re h ou se ho ld s. 1 0, 00 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , C oG , M O D P, M O A L F, M O H , N D M A L iv el ih oo d in su ra nc e sc he m es es ta bl is he d an d pr om ot ed E st ab lis h an d pr om ot e liv el ih oo d in su ra nc e sc he m es to c us hi on a nd su pp or t c om m un iti es to re co ve r fr om e m er ge nc ie s 15 ,0 00 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C oG , M O D P, N D M A Su b to ta l 85 ,0 00 64 5. 0 Fo od a nd N ut rit io n In fo rm a tio n & C om m un ic a tio n P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T PU T S IN T E RV E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S T IM E FR A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 5. 1 d at a co lle ct io n an d in fo rm at io n m an ag em en t To im pr ov e fo od a nd nu tr iti on in fo rm at io n an d co m m un ic at io n m an ag em en t C oo rd in at io n m ec ha ni sm s of fo od a nd nu tr iti on s ec ur ity in fo rm at io n sy st em s es ta bl is he d an d st re ng th en ed . E st ab lis h an d st re ng th en co or di na tio n m ec ha ni sm s fo r f oo d an d nu tr iti on s ec ur ity in fo rm at io n sy st em s. 40 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, , co un ty g ov er nm en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , C ap ac ity o f t he re le va nt in st itu tio ns in c ol le ct io n an d m an ag em en t o f f oo d an d nu tr iti on s ec ur ity d at a at n at io na l an d co un ty le ve ls s tr en gt he ne d. St re ng th en c ap ac ity o f t he re le va nt in st itu tio ns in c ol le ct io n an d m an ag em en t o f f oo d an d nu tr iti on se cu ri ty d at a at n at io na l a nd c ou nt y le ve ls . 64 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , M an ag em en t a nd s ha ri ng o f f oo d an d nu tr iti on s ec ur ity in fo rm at io n an d kn ow le dg e m an ag em en t s ys te m s ac ro ss s ec to rs s tr ea m lin ed . St re am lin e m an ag em en t a nd s ha ri ng of fo od a nd n ut ri tio n se cu ri ty in fo rm at io n an d K no w le dg e m an ag em en t s ys te m s ac ro ss s ec to rs . 14 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , In ve nt or y/ di ag no si s an d ne ed s as se ss m en t o f d at a co lle ct io n an d m an ag em en t s ys te m s fo r b ot h sh or t an d lo ng t er m d ec is io n m ak in g co nd uc t. C on du ct in ve nt or y/ di ag no si s an d ne ed s as se ss m en t f or fo od an d nu tr iti on d at a co lle ct io n an d m an ag em en t s ys te m s fo r b ot h sh or t an d lo ng t er m d ec is io n m ak in g. 27 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, , co un ty g ov er nm en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , D at a se ts a nd s to ra ge b et w ee n th e tw o le ve ls o f g ov er nm en t a nd in v ar io us in st itu tio ns fo r i m pr ov ed d at a sh ar in g St an da rd iz at io n an d ha rm on iz at io n. St an da rd iz at io n an d ha rm on iz at io n da ta s et s an d st or ag e be tw ee n th e tw o le ve ls o f g ov er nm en t a nd in va ri ou s in st itu tio ns fo r i m pr ov ed da ta s ha ri ng . 70 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , Pr om ot e us e of a pp ro pr ia te te ch no lo gy to e nh an ce q ua lit y of d at a co lle ct io n. Pr om ot e us e of a pp ro pr ia te te ch no lo gy to e nh an ce q ua lit y of da ta c ol le ct io n. 70 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , E xi st in g le gi sl at io n on d at a co lle ct io n an d sh ar in g to e nh an ce a cc es s an d tr an sp ar en cy r ev ie w ed R ev ie w e xi st in g le gi sl at io n on d at a co lle ct io n an d sh ar in g to e nh an ce ac ce ss a nd tr an sp ar en cy 80 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, , co un ty g ov er nm en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , 65 P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T PU T S IN T E RV E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S T IM E FR A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * A n au di t a nd v al id at io n m ec ha ni sm to d at a co lle ct io n an d m an ag em en t de ve lo pe d an d im pl em en te d D ev el op a nd im pl em en t a n au di t an d va lid at io n m ec ha ni sm fo r d at a co lle ct io n an d m an ag em en t 70 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , R es ea rc h co or di na tio n m ec ha ni sm s at na tio na l a nd c ou nt y le ve l s tr en gt he ne d/ es ta bl is he d St re ng th en /e st ab lis h re se ar ch co or di na tio n m ec ha ni sm s at n at io na l an d co un ty le ve l 85 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , R es ou rc e m ob ili za tio n to a dd re ss cr iti ca l g ap s in fo od a nd n ut ri tio n re se ar ch c on du ct ed C on du ct re so ur ce m ob ili za tio n to ad dr es s cr iti ca l g ap s in fo od a nd nu tr iti on re se ar ch 45 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P N ee d ba se d re se ar ch to in fo rm p ol ic y, pr og ra m d es ig n an d im pl em en ta tio n fo r f oo d an d nu tr iti on c on du ct ed C on du ct n ee d ba se d re se ar ch to in fo rm p ol ic y, p ro gr am d es ig n an d im pl em en ta tio n fo r f oo d an d nu tr iti on p ro gr am s 21 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs ,, C ap ac ity o f r el ev an t r es ea rc h in st itu tio ns to c on du ct fo od a nd nu tr iti on re se ar ch s tr en gt he ne d St re ng th en th e ca pa ci ty o f r el ev an t re se ar ch in st itu tio ns to c on du ct fo od an d nu tr iti on re se ar ch 14 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, , co un ty g ov er nm en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , A n at io na l m on ito ri ng p la n fo r nu tr iti on c om m od iti es d ev el op ed D ev el op a n at io na l m on ito ri ng p la n fo r n ut ri tio n co m m od iti es 70 20 17 2 02 2 M O E , M O H , M O A L F, M O D P, c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs ,, 2, 92 0 5. 2 In fr om at io n, E du ca ti on , C om m un ic at io n To c on tr ib ut e to th e im pr ov em en t o f nu tr iti on a nd h ea lth ou tc om es th ro ug h en ha nc ed s er vi ce pr ov is io n E xi st en ce o f s ys te m at ic , or ga ni za tio na l, te ch ni ca l a nd co m m un ity c ap ac ity s ys te m s fo r su pp or tin g nu tr iti on s er vi ce d el iv er y su pp or te d Su pp or t t he e xi st en ce o f e st ab lis he d sy st em at ic , o rg an iz at io na l, te ch ni ca l an d co m m un ity c ap ac ity s ys te m s fo r su pp or tin g nu tr iti on s er vi ce d el iv er y 45 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O A ,D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, M O E , r es ea rc h in st itu tio ns , r eg ul at or y bo di es Sy st em w id e ca pa ci ty d ev el op m en t to im pr ov e ov er al l e nv ir on m en t f or fo od a nd n ut ri tio n se rv ic e de liv er y st re ng th en ed St re ng th en s ys te m w id e ca pa ci ty de ve lo pm en t t o im pr ov e ov er al l en vi ro nm en t f or n ut ri tio n se rv ic e de liv er y 15 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O A , D ev el op m en t an d im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs M O E ,C ou nt y go ve rn m en t, re se ar ch in st itu tio ns , r eg ul at or y bo di es 66 P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T PU T S IN T E RV E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E (M iL L K E S T IM E FR A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * T he w or ki ng a rr an ge m en ts a nd co or di na tio n fr am ew or k of ke y in st itu tio ns fo r i m pr ov ed or ga ni za tio na l c ap ac ity fo r n ut ri tio n en ha nc ed E nh an ce th e w or ki ng a rr an ge m en ts an d co or di na tio n fr am ew or k of ke y in st itu tio ns fo r i m pr ov ed or ga ni za tio na l c ap ac ity fo r n ut ri tio n 1, 21 5 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O A , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs M O E , re se ar ch in st itu tio ns , r eg ul at or y bo di es T he c om m un ity a bi lit y to a cc es s, co ns um e an d de m an d fo r f oo d an d nu tr iti on s er vi ce s th ro ug h in cr ea se d nu tr iti on s er vi ce a w ar en es s st re ng th en ed St re ng th en th e co m m un ity a bi lit y to a cc es s, c on su m e an d de m an d fo r nu tr iti on s er vi ce s th ro ug h in cr ea se d nu tr iti on s er vi ce a w ar en es s 40 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O A , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , M O E , re se ar ch in st itu tio ns T he p re se nc e as w el l a s th e pr ofi ci en cy le ve ls o f f oo d an d nu tr iti on s er vi ce pr ov id er s su pp or te d an d st re ng th en ed Su pp or t a nd s tr en gt he n th e pr es en ce as w el l a s th e pr ofi ci en cy le ve ls o f fo od a nd n ut ri tio n se rv ic e pr ov id er s. 86 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O H ,M O A , c ou nt y go ve rn m en t, D ev el op m en t a nd im pl em en tin g pa rt ne rs , M O E , re se ar ch in st itu tio ns , 2, 31 0 6. 0 IN ST IT UT IO N A L, L EG A L FR A M EW O RK A N D F IN A N C IN G P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * 6. 1 a nd 6 .2 . In st itu tio na l a nd L eg al F ra m ew or k To e st ab lis h an d st re ng th en in st itu tio na l fr am ew or k fo r e ff ec tiv e co or di na tio n, ov er si gh t a nd im pl em en ta tio n of th e N FN SP • N at io na l F oo d an d N ut ri tio n Se cu ri ty C ou nc il es ta bl is he d an d op er at io na liz ed • N at io na l F oo d an d N ut ri tio n Se cu ri ty S te er in g C om m itt ee es ta bl is he d an d op er at io na liz ed • N at io na l F oo d an d N ut ri tio n Se cu ri ty S ec re ta ri at e st ab lis he d an d op er at io na liz ed • R el ev an t S ta ke ho ld er te ch ni ca l c om m itt ee s in p la ce • E st ab lis h an d op er at io na liz e N at io na l F oo d an d N ut ri tio n Se cu ri ty C ou nc il, S te er in g C om m itt ee a nd S ec re ta ri at • E st ab lis h an d op er at io na liz e re le va nt S ta ke ho ld er T ec hn ic al C om m itt ee s at N at io na l l ev el . 4 00 20 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A L F, C oG , M O D P, M O W I, M O H , M O E , N D M A 67 P R IO R IT Y P R O G R A M A R E A S O B JE C T IV E S O U T P U T S IN T E R V E N T IO N S C O ST E ST IM A T E T IM E F R A M E R E SP O N SI B IL IT Y * • C ou nt y Fo od a nd N ut ri tio n Se cu ri ty S te er in g C om m itt ee es ta bl is he d an d op er at io na liz ed • C ou nt y Fo od a nd N ut ri tio n Se cu ri ty S ec re ta ri at e st ab lis he d an d op er at io na liz ed . • E st ab lis h an d op er at io na liz e C ou nt y le ve l F oo d an d N ut ri tio n Se cu ri ty S te er in g C om m itt ee s a nd Se cr et ar ia ts • E st ab lis h an d op er at io na liz e re le va nt S ta ke ho ld er T ec hn ic al C om m itt ee s at c ou nt ie s le ve ls . 30 0 20 17 2 02 2 M O A LF , C oG , M O D P, M O W I, M O H , M O E, N D M A To p ro vi de a le ga l an d re gu la to ry fr am ew or k fo r im pl em en ta tio n of th e N FN SP L eg is la tiv e fr am ew or k an d gu id el in es fo r e ffi ci en t i m pl em en ta tio n of th e FN SP d ev el op ed / r ev ie w ed R ev ie w th e ex is tin g le gi sl at iv e fr am ew or k an d gu id el in es fo r effi ci en t i m pl em en ta tio n of th e FN SP 20 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG , M O A L F, M O W I, M O H , M O E , N D M A L eg is la tio n re gu la tin g en ac te d an d en fo rc ed E na ct le gi sl at io n an d gu id el in es re gu la tin g eff ec tiv e im pl em en ta tio n of th e FN SP a t b ot h th e na tio na l a nd co un ty le ve ls E nf or ce e xi st in g le gi sl at io n on F oo d an d nu tr iti on s ec ur ity 30 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG , M O A L F, M O W I, M O H , M O E , N D M A M ea su re s to e ns ur e co m pl ia nc e w ith e xi st in g la w s an d re gu la tio ns su pp or te d Su pp or t m ea su re s to e ns ur e co m pl ia nc e an d en fo rc em en t o f ex is tin g la w s an d re gu la tio ns 60 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG , M O A L F, M O W I, M O H , M O E , N D M A , K E B S In te rn at io na l a nd re gi on al tr ea tie s, de cl ar at io ns a nd c on ve nt io ns re la te d to fo od a nd n ut ri tio n se cu ri ty do m es tic at ed D om es tic at e in te rn at io na l a nd re gi on al tr ea tie s, d ec la ra tio ns a nd co nv en tio ns re la te d to fo od a nd nu tr iti on s ec ur ity 60 20 17 2 02 2 M O D P, C oG , M O A L F, M O W I, M O H , M O E , N D M A , K E B S Su b To ta l 1, 07 0 6. 3 Fu nd in g Im pl em en ta tio n of th e N FN S To m ob ili ze a nd ad vo ca te fo r re so ur ce s fo r eff ec tiv e pl an ni ng an d im pl em en ta tio n of N FN SP A dv oc ac y an d re so ur ce m ob ili za tio n de sk a t t he N FN S es ta bl is he d R es ou rc e M ob ili za tio n St ra te gy de ve lo pe d B ud ge ta ry a llo ca tio n fo r f oo d an d nu tr iti on s ec ur ity in te rv en tio ns E st ab lis h an A dv oc ac y an d R es ou rc e M ob ili za tio n D es k at th e N FN S. D ev el op a g ov er nm en t R es ou rc e M ob ili za tio n St ra te gy 50 20 20 17 /1 8 20 17 /1 8 M O A L F M O A L F, M O D P, N D M A , M O W I, C oG , M O H , M O E Su b To ta l 70 *T he le ad m in is tr ie s (h ig hl ig ht ed ) re sp on si bl e fo r im pl em en ta tio n; th e re st a re li nk m in is tr ie s an d in st itu tio ns . T he m in is tr y na m es a re a s w er e kn ow n be fo re th e C oa lit io n G ov er nm en t w as fo rm ed in A pr il 20 08 . T he d ep ar tm en ts c on ce rn ed s til l r em ai n re le va nt . ** In cl ud es in fr as tr uc tu ra l c on st ru ct io n co st s, e .g . r oa ds . 68 A PP EN D IX II : F O O D S EC UR IT Y PE RF O RM A N C E IN D IC A TO RS St ra te g ic O b je ct iv e: G oa l: Im p ro ve d fo od s el f s uf fic ie nc y O b je ct iv e: In cr ea se o ve ra ll fo od p ro d uc tio n a nd p ro ce ss in g P ro gr am / pr oj ec t E xp ec te d ou tp ut O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e in di ca to r M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et (2 02 2) B as el in e A nn ua l T ar ge ts 20 17 /1 8 20 18 /1 9 20 19 /2 0 20 20 /2 1 20 21 /2 2 20 22 /2 02 3 C er ea ls pr od uc tio n Im pr ov e st ap le ce re al s pr od uc tio n To ta l a nn ua l ce re al fo od pr od uc tio n K IH B S re po rt , A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 6. 57 m M T 4. 05 m M T 4. 55 4m M T 5. 05 8m M T 5. 56 2m M T 6. 06 6m M T 6. 57 m M T 7. 17 m M T Pr ot ei n Fo od s (M T ) Se lf s uffi ci en cy in pr ot ei n fo od s. To ta l a nn ua l pr ot ei n fo od pr od uc tio n K IH B S re po rt A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 1. 44 5m M T 1 .6 56 m M T FI FI 1. 48 3m M T 1. 52 2m M T 1. 56 1m M T 1. 60 2M T 1 .6 43 m M T 1. 68 6, 05 7M T A ni m al p ro te in so ur ce s (M T ) Se lf s uffi ci en cy in an im al p ro te in s To ta l a nn ua l an im al pr ot ei n fo od s pr od uc tio n K IH B S re po rt , A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 66 2, 47 5M T 4, 83 9, 41 6M T 59 3, 19 2M T 60 8, 61 5M T 62 4, 43 9M T 64 0, 67 5M T 65 7, 33 2M T 67 4, 42 3M T Pl an t p ro te in so ur ce s (M T ) Se lf s uffi ci en cy in pl an t p ro te in s To ta l a nn ua l pl an t p ro te in fo od s pr od uc tio n K IH B S re po rt , A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 99 3, 71 3M T 88 9, 78 8M T 91 2, 92 3M T 93 6, 65 9M T 96 1, 01 2M T 98 5, 99 8M T 1, 01 1, 63 4 M T 69 P ro gr am / pr oj ec t E xp ec te d ou tp ut O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e in di ca to r M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et (2 02 2) B as el in e A nn ua l T ar ge ts 20 17 /1 8 20 18 /1 9 20 19 /2 0 20 20 /2 1 20 21 /2 2 20 22 /2 02 3 N ut s /o il cr op s (F at s/ oi ls ) ( M T ) 35 % in cr ea se in n ut s an d oi ls cr op s To ta l a nn ua l an im al pr ot ei n pr od uc tio n K IH B S re po rt , K IH B S re po rt , A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 28 0, 66 2 M T 18 7, 10 8 20 0, 20 6M T 21 4, 22 0M T 22 9, 21 5M T 24 5, 26 0M T 26 2, 42 9M T 28 0, 79 9M T V eg et ab le pr od uc tio n (M T ) C ur re nt 4, 11 7, 20 0, 00 0M T To ta l a nn ua l ve ge ta bl e pr od uc tio n K IH B S re po rt , A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 4. 81 8 m M T T B D Fr ui t p ro du ct io n C ur re nt 2, 74 4, 80 0M T To ta l an nu al fr ui t pr od uc tio n K IH B S re po rt , A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 3. 21 2m M T T B D M ai ze pr od uc tio n pe r un it ar ea In cr ea se d m ai ze pr od uc tio n pe r un it ar ea Y ie ld p er H a A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 4. 05 1. 9 M T 2. 28 2. 74 3. 28 3. 94 4. 73 5. 68 M ai ze pr od uc tio n co st R ed uc ed / aff or da bl e co st o f pr od uc tio n C os t o f pr od uc in g on e ba g of m ai ze A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s L es s th at 10 % a nn ua l st ea dy in cr ea se in pr od uc tio n co st 1, 80 0 1, 80 0 R oo ts a nd tu be r c ro ps pr od uc tio n Im pr ov ed pr od uc tio n of ro ot /tu be r c ro ps To ta l a nn ua l ro ot s an d tu be r c ro ps pr od uc tio n A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 12 9, 60 0 M T 81 M T 91 10 2 11 4 12 7 14 3 70 P ro gr am / pr oj ec t E xp ec te d ou tp ut O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e in di ca to r M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et (2 02 2) B as el in e A nn ua l T ar ge ts 20 17 /1 8 20 18 /1 9 20 19 /2 0 20 20 /2 1 20 21 /2 2 20 22 /2 02 3 U til iz at io n of tr ad iti on al h ig h va lu e fo od cr op s In cr ea se d ut ili za tio n of Tr ad iti on al h ig h va lu e fo od s N um be r o f hi gh v al ue tr ad iti on al fo od c ro ps w id el y co ns um ed . A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 10 % in cr ea se 2% 3% 5% 7% 8% 10 % Fe rt ili ze r c os t re du ct io n (K sh ) In cr ea se d us e of fe rt ili ze r Fe rt ili ze r m ar ke t p ri ce A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 2, 00 0 3, 20 0 2, 00 0 2, 00 0 2, 00 0 2, 00 0 2, 00 0 C er ea l Pr od uc tio n yi el d ga p R ed uc ed pr od uc tio n yi el d ga p C er ea l y ie ld ga p A nn ua l f oo d pr od uc tio n re po rt s, F oo d as se ss m en t re po rt s 50 % 0% 30 % 20 % 10 % 10 % 0% A gr ic ul tu ra l m ec ha ni za tio n eq ui pm en t/ m ac hi ne ry In cr ea se d ag ri cu ltu ra l m ec ha ni za tio n eq ui pm en t / m ac hi ne ry N um be r of fa rm eq ui pm en t/ tr ac to rs A nn ua l ag ri cu ltu ra l m ec ha ni za tio n re po rt s 16 ,0 00 12 ,6 00 13 ,2 30 13 ,8 92 14 ,5 86 15 ,3 15 16 ,0 81 Ir ri ga te d A gr ic ul tu re In cr ea se d ir ri ga te d ag ri cu ltu re A re a un de r ir ri ga te d ag ri cu ltu re A nn ua l w at er an d ir ri ga tio n re po rt s, 60 0, 00 0 H a 16 1, 84 0 21 0, 39 2. 00 27 3, 50 9. 60 35 5, 56 2. 48 46 2, 23 1. 22 60 0, 90 0. 59 W at er ha rv es tin g an d st or ag e In cr ea se a m ou nt of w at er h ar ve st ed an d st or ed A nn ua l w at er ha rv es te d an d st or ed A nn ua l w at er an d ir ri ga tio n re po rt s T B D T B D D om es tic w at er To in cr ea se am ou nt o t w at er ha rv es te d an d st or ed A m ou nt ot w at er ha rv es te d an d st or ed C en su s re po rt , ho us eh ol d su rv ey re po rt s 80 % 65 % 68 % 70 % 75 % 78 % 80 % SF R b ud ge t In cr ea se d SF R al lo ca tio n SF R al lo ca tio n A nn ua l b ud ge t es tim at es , S FR m in ut es , SF R re po rt s 2 m on th s st oc ks fo r 10 % o f po pu la tio n 5 B ill io n 24 B ill io n 24 B 30 B 30 B 36 B 30 B 71 P ro gr am / pr oj ec t E xp ec te d ou tp ut O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e in di ca to r M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et (2 02 2) B as el in e A nn ua l T ar ge ts 20 17 /1 8 20 18 /1 9 20 19 /2 0 20 20 /2 1 20 21 /2 2 20 22 /2 02 3 SF R fo od s to ck s (B ag s of m ai ze or e qu iv al en t) . R ec om m en de d SF R le ve l ac hi ev ed . SF R le ve l N C PB re po rt s, SF R m in ut es , SF R re po rt s 12 M ill io n ba gs 1. 67 M ill io n ba gs 8M 9M 10 M 11 M 12 M 13 M A gr ic ul tu re se ct or b ud ge t al lo ca tio n To a llo ca te a t le as t 1 0% o f t he N at io na l b ud ge t to A gr ic ul tu re Se ct or . A llo ca tio n at le as t 1 0% . A gr ic ul tu re se ct or b ud ge t A nn ua l ec on om ic su rv ey re po rt s, A nn ua l pr in te d es tim at es , 10 % (2 29 B ill io n) 2. 8% (3 5B ) 6% 7% 8% 9% 10 % O th er F oo d S ec ur ity In d ic a to rs P ro gr am / pr oj ec t O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou tp ut O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e in di ca to r M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et (2 02 2) B as el in e A nn ua l T ar ge ts 20 17 /1 8 20 18 /1 9 20 19 /2 0 20 20 /2 1 20 21 /2 2 20 22 /2 02 3 C on su m er pr ic e in de x (C PI ) R ed uc e th e co ns um er pr ic e le ve l i nd ex to an a ff or da bl e C PI re du ce d an d m ai nt ai ne d w ith in aff or da bl e ra ng e M on th ly C PI A nn ua l ec on om ic s ur ve y re po rt s, K N B S C on su m er su rv ey re po rt s 99 18 2. 98 Fo od in fla tio n ra te Fo od in fla tio n re du ce d be lo w 3% M on th ly Fo od in fla tio n A nn ua l ec on om ic s ur ve y re po rt s , K N B S C on su m er su rv ey re po rt s <3 % 18 .5 6% Tr ee c ov er In cr ea se to ta l l an d fo re st c ov er to th e re co m m en de d le ve l. Im pr ov ed la nd pr od uc tiv ity To ta l l an d fo re st c ov er A nn ua l N R M re po rt s 10 % 6. 7% 7% 8% 9% 10 % 10 % L an d us e m an ag em en t (s oi l f er til ity ) To c on se rv e ag ri cu ltu ra l l an d Im pr ov ed la nd pr od uc tiv ity C on se rv ed la nd a re a L an d de gr ad at io n m ap s. 40 % 37 .5 % 35 % 32 .5 % 30 % 27 .5 % 25 % 72 P ro gr am / pr oj ec t O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou tp ut O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e in di ca to r M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et (2 02 2) B as el in e A nn ua l T ar ge ts 20 17 /1 8 20 18 /1 9 20 19 /2 0 20 20 /2 1 20 21 /2 2 20 22 /2 02 3 E m er rg en cy an d cr is is m an ag em en t To re du ce th e ri sk o f fo od in se cu ri ty a nd m al nu tr iti on R ed uc ed fo od in se cu ri ty a nd em er ge nc ie s N um be r of fo od in se cu re pe op le Fo od s ec ur ity re po rt s Fo od s ec ur ity as se ss m en t re po rt s 26 % 5% 20 % 20 % 20 % 20 % 20 % To p re ve nt c ri si s fr om d ev el op in g in to em er ge nc ie s Ti m el y re sp on se to cr is is a nd em er ge nc ie s N um be r of c ri si s ep is od es th at de ve lo p in to cr is is D is as te r m an ag em en t re po rt s N o em er ge nc y si tu at io ns re po rt ed N um be r of c ri si s de ve lo pi ng in to em er ge nc ie s N o cr is is de ve lo pi ng in to em er ge nc ie s N o cr is is de ve lo pi ng in to em er ge nc ie s N o cr is is de ve lo pi ng in to em er ge nc ie s N o cr is is de ve lo pi ng in to em er ge nc ie s N o cr is is de ve lo pi ng in to em er ge nc ie s In st itu tio na l st ru ct ur e fo r Fo od a nd nu tr iti on E st ab lis h a le ad er sh ip a nd co or di na tio ns tr uc tu re fo r i m pl em en ta tio n of th F N SP Fo od a nd N ut ri tio n Se cu ri y C ou nc il, St ee ri ng co m m itt ee a nd Se cr et ar ia ts in pl ac e E st ab lis he d C ou nc il, St ee ri ng C om m itt ee s, an d Se cr et ar ia ts fo r m an ag in g Fo od a nd N ut ri tio n Se cu ri ty Fo od a nd N ut ri tio n se cu ri ty re po rt s FN SP Im pl em en ta tio n C ou nc il, St ee ri ng C om m itt ee s an d Se cr et ar ia ts in p la ce N ot in p la ce In st itu tio na l st yr uc tu re in pl ac e In st itu tio na l st yr uc tu re in pl ac e In st itu tio na l st yr uc tu re in pl ac e In st itu tio na l st yr uc tu re in pl ac e In st itu tio na l st yr uc tu re in pl ac e N UT RI TI O N IM PR O V EM EN T KE Y PE RF O RM A N C E IN D IC A TO RS K E Y R E SU LT A R E A : N U T R IT IO N I M P R O V E M E N T P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou pu t/ ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 L if ec yc le ap pr oa ch to n ut ri tio n im pr ov em en t To a ch ie ve op tim al nu tr iti on fo r a ll co ho rt g ro up s th ro ug ho ut th e lif e cy cl e R ed uc ed le ve ls o f st un tin g am on g ch ild re n <5 y ea rs Pr op or tio n of ch ild re n < 5 ye ar s st un te d K D H S, nu tr iti on su rv ey s, K N M S 15 % 26 % (K D H s 20 14 ) 22 20 18 16 15 73 P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou pu t/ ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 R ed uc ed le ve ls of u nd er w ei gh t am on g ch ild re n <5 y ea rs Pr op or tio n re du ct io n in ch ild re n <5 y ea rs un de rw ei gh t K D H S, nu tr iti on su rv ey s, K N M S Su st at in be lo w 5 % as p er W H A ta rg et s 11 % (K D H s 20 14 ) 11 10 9 8 7 R ed uc ed le ve ls o f w as tin g am on g ch ild re n <5 y ea rs Pr op or tio n of ch ild re n <5 y ea rs w as te d K D H S, nu tr iti on su rv ey s, K N M S Su st ai n be lo w 5 % a s pe r t he W H A ta rg et s 4% (K D H s 20 14 ) <5 % < 5% <5 % < 5% < 5% R ed uc ed le ve ls of o ve rw ei gh t/ ob es ity in ch ild re n <5 y ea rs Pr op or tio n of ch ild re n <5 ye ar s w ho a re ov er w ei gh t o r ob es e K D H S, N ut ri tio n Su rv ey s, K N M S S us ta tin be lo w 5 % as p er W H A ta rg et s 4. 1% (K D H s 20 14 ) <5 % < 5% < 5% <5 % < 5% In cr ea se d ex cl us iv e br ea st fe ed in g ra te s fo r c hi ld re n ag ed b el ow s ix m on th s Pr op or tio n of ch ild re n <6 m on th s w ho ar e e xc lu si ve ly br ea st fe d K D H S, N ut ri tio n su rv ey s 75 % 61 % (K D H s 20 14 ) 6 5% 6 8% 70 % 7 2% 75 % In cr ea se d m in im um ac ce pt ab le d ie t am on g ch ild re n ag ed 6 2 3 m on th s w ith Pr op or tio n of ch ild re n 6 23 m on th s w ith m in im um ac ce pt ab le d ie t M IY C N K A P su rv ey , N ut ri tio n su rv ey s, K D H S 6 0% 3 1% (K D H s 20 14 ) 3 5% 40 5 0% 5 5% 6 0% In cr ea se d m in im um d ie ta ry di ve rs ity w om en Pr op or tio n of W R A w ith m in im um d ie ta ry di ve rs ity w om en M IY C N K A P su rv ey , N ut ri tio n su rv ey s 60 % T B D 74 P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou pu t/ ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 R ed uc ed ov er w ei gh t o r ob es ity a m on g ad ul ts a ge d 18 6 9 ye ar s Pr op or tio n of ad ul ts 1 8 69 ye ar s w ho a re ov er w ei gh t o r ob es e St ep w is e su rv ey , n ut ri tio n su rv ey re po rt s 20 % E ns ur e th at th er e is n o in cr ea se in ob es ity 28 % 26 % 24 % 22 % 21 % 20 % 2. 5. 2. M ic ro nu tr ie nt D efi ci en cy Pr ev en tio n an d C on tr ol To p re ve nt an d re du ce m ic ro n ut ri en t de fic ie nc y di so rd er s, R ed uc ed pr ev al en ce o f an ae m ia a m on g W R A Pr op or tio n re du ct io n in an ae m ia a m on g W R A K N M S R ep or t, 1 5% % 21 % 19 % 18 % 17 % 1 6% 1 5% R ed uc ed pr ev al en ce o f an ae m ia a m on g pr eg na nt w om en Pr op or tio n re du ct io n in an ae m ia a m on g pr eg na nt w om en K N M S R ep or t, 2 0% 36 % 3 0% 28 % 25 % 23 % 20 % In cr ea se d co ns um pt io n of fo rt ifi ed fo od s. Pr op or tio n of ho us eh ol ds co ns um in g fo rt ifi ed fo od s Su rv ey R ep or ts ; K D H S; K IH B S 80 % R ed uc ed pr ev al en ce o f z in c de fic ie nc y am on g pr eg na nt w om en Pr op or tio n of p re gn an t w om en w ith z in c de fic ie nc y K N M S re po rt , ot he r s tu dy a nd su rv ey re po rt s 5 5% 60 % 59 % 58 % 57 % 5 6% 5 5% R ed uc ed pr ev al en ce o f zi nc d efi ci en cy am on g pr e sc ho ol ch ild re n in K en ya Pr op or tio n of u nd er fi ve ch ild re n w ith zi nc d efi ci en cy am on g pr e sc ho ol c hi ld re n in K en ya K N M S, o th er st ud y an d su rv ey re po rt s 5 0% 83 .3 % 7 8% 7 0% 6 0% 65 % 5 0% 75 P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou pu t/ ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 R ed uc ed V ita m in A D efi ci en cy a m on g ch ild re n< 5 ye ar s Pr op or tio n of ch ild re n <5 y ea rs w ith V ita m in A de fic ie nc y K N M S, o th er st ud y an d su rv ey re po rt s 4% 9. 2% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% R ed uc ed io di ne D efi ci en cy a m on g ch ild re n< 5y ea rs Pr op or tio n of ch ild re n <5 y ea rs w ith io di ne de fic ie nc y K N M S, o th er st ud y an d su rv ey re po rt s <1 0% 22 % 1 8% 16 % 15 % 13 % < 10 % R ed uc ed io di ne de fic ie nc y am on g no n pr eg na nt w om en Pr op or tio n of no n pr eg na nt w om en w ith io di ne de fic ie nc y K N M S, o th er st ud y an d su rv ey re po rt s <1 0% 25 .6 % 22 % 20 % 27 % 15 % <1 0% R ed uc ed fo la te D efi ci en cy a m on g no n pr eg na nt w om en Pr op or tio n of no n pr eg na nt w om en w ith fo la te d efi ci en cy K N M S, o th er st ud y an d su rv ey re po rt s 20 % 39 % 35 % 30 % 36 % 30 % 20 % In cr ea se d po pu la tio n co ns um in g ir on ri ch fo od s Pr op or tio n of ch ild re n ag ed 6 23 m on th s w ho c on su m e ir on ri ch fo od s K D H S, P er io di c nu tr iti on pr og ra m as se ss m en ts 60 % 30 % 35 % 40 % 45 % 50 % 60 % In cr ea se d po pu la tio n co ns um in g vi ta m in A r ic h fo od s Pr op or tio n of ch ild re n ag ed 6 23 m on th s w ho c on su m e vi ta m in A r ic h fo od s K D H S, P er io di c nu tr iti on pr og ra m as se ss m en ts 80 % 68 % 70 % 72 % 73 % 75 % 80 % 76 P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou pu t/ ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 In cr ea se d po pu la tio n ad op tin g en er gy s av in g te ch no lo gi es Pr op or tio n of p op ul at io n w ho a do pt en er gy s av in g te ch no lo gi es A gr ic ul tu re se ct or re po rt s N ut ri tio n ad vo ca cy co m m un ic at io n an d so ci al m ob ili za tio n To im pr ov e nu tr iti on kn ow le dg e at tit ud e an d pr ac tic e of th e po pu la tio n fo r e nh an ce d nu tr iti on an d he al th y lif es ty le s In cr ea se d kn ow le dg e at tit ud e an d pr ac tic es in th e po pu la tio n Pr op or tio n of co m m un ity m em be rs re po rt in g aw ar en es s of ba si c nu tr iti on . n at io na l a nd co un ty re po rt s; K A P T B D In cr ea se d po pu la tio n ad op tin g he al th y di et s Pr op or tio n of po pu la tio n w ho ad op t h ea lth y di et s (i .e . p er ce nt ta ki ng v ar io us nu m be rs o f se rv in gs o f f ru its an d ve ge ta bl es on a ve ra ge p er da y) . K D H S, St ep w is e su rv ey 20 % 6% (> or e qu al to 5 se rv in gs ) (S te pw is e su rv ey ) 8% 10 % 13 % 16 % 20 % In cr ea se d kn ow le dg e on da ng er s of h ig h sa lt in ta ke Pr op or tio n of po pu la tio n w ith kn ow le dg e on da ng er s of h ig h sa lt in ta ke K D H S, St ep w is e su rv ey 90 % 78 % (S te pw is e su rv ey ) 80 % 82 % 84 % 86 % 90 % In cr ea se d po pu la tio n ad op tin g ph ys ic al ac tiv ity Pr op or tio n of po pu la tio n w ho ad op t p hy si ca l ac tiv ity K D H S, St ep w is e su rv ey 60 % 34 % 38 % 42 % 46 % 50 % 60 % 77 P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou pu t/ ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 E st ab lis hm en t of N at io na l a nd co un ty n ut ri tio n N ut ri tio n m ul ti st ak eh ol de r f or um M ul tis ta ke ho ld er Pl at fo rm s es ta bl is he d at N at io na l a nd co un ty le ve ls Pr og ra m pr og re ss im pl em en ta tio n re po rt 24 (0 % ) 0 10 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 0 In cr ea se d nu tr iti on is ts / di et ic ia ns em pl oy ed at n at io na l an d co un ty go ve rn m en ts N um be r of c lin ic al nu tr iti on is ts / di et ic ia ns em pl oy ed at n at io na l an d co un ty go ve rn m en ts H ea lth s ec to r re po rt s, 5, 40 0 (5 0% In cr ea se ) 2, 70 0 (A re re gi st er ed ) 3, 00 0 35 00 4, 00 0 4, 50 0 5, 40 0 N ut ri tio n an d in fe ct io n To im pr ov e th e nu tr iti on al ca re , t re at m en t an d su pp or t du ri ng il ln es s In cr ea se d al lo ca tio n fo r m ed ic al nu tr iti on th er ap y co m m od iti es a nd eq ui pm en t A llo ca tio n fo r pr oc ur em en t of m ed ic al nu tr iti on th er ap y co m m od iti es a nd eq ui pm en t a t bo th n at io na l a nd co un ty le ve ls A nn ua l pr oc ur em en t pl an s To s us ta in c ur e ra te s fo r a cu te m al nu tr iti on a t ab ov e 75 % In cr ea se d cu re ra te s of a cu te ly m al no ur is he d ch ild re n. Pr op or tio n of a cu te ly m al no ur is he d ch ild re n cu re d. D H IS M ai nt ai n SP H E R E st an da rd s (G re at er th an 75 % ) 82 % >7 5% >7 5% >7 5% >7 5% >7 5% To m ai nt ai n m or ta lit y ra te s at b el ow 1 0% fo r M A M a nd 3% fo r S A M R ed uc ed m or ta lit y ra te s am on g ac ut el y m al no ur is he d ch ild re n. Pr op or tio n of d ea th s am on g ac ut el y m al no ur is he d ch ild re n D H IS M ai nt ai n SP H E R E st an da rd s M A M m or ta lit y 0. 2% an d SA M 1 .7 % M ai nt ai n SP H E R E St an da rd s M ai nt ai n SP H E R E St an da rd s M ai nt ai n SP H E R E St an da rd s M ai nt ai n SP H E R E St an da rd s M ai nt ai n SP H E R E St an da rd s 78 P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou pu t/ ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 N on co m m un ic ab le di se as es To h al t a nd re ve rs e th e ri se of d ie t r el at ed N C D s an d en ha nc e th ei r co nt ro l a nd m an ag em en t R ed uc ed po pu la tio n w ith ra is ed b lo od pr es su re o r cu rr en tly o n m ed ic at io n fo r Pr op or tio n of po pu la tio n w ith ra is ed b lo od pr es su re o r cu rr en tly o n m ed ic at io n St ep w is e su rv ey s, h ea lth an d nu tr iti on su rv ey s 24 % R ed uc tio n of po pu la tio n w ith ra is ed fa st in g bl oo d su ga r Pr op or tio n of ad ul ts 1 8 69 ye ar s w ith ra is ed fa st in g bl oo d su ga r St ep w is e su rv ey s, h ea lth an d nu tr iti on su rv ey s 2. 3% In cr ea se in m en w ith n or m al w ai st hi p ra tio Pr op or tio n of m en w ith n or m al w ai st h ip ra tio St ep w is e su rv ey s, h ea lth an d nu tr iti on su rv ey s 7 3% In cr ea se in w om en w ith no rm al w ai st h ip ra tio Pr op or tio n of w om en w ith no rm al w ai st h ip ra tio St ep w is e su rv ey s, h ea lth an d nu tr iti on su rv ey s 6 4% N ut ri tio n in sc ho ol s, p ub lic an d pr iv at e in st itu tio ns Im pr ov e op tim al nu tr iti on a nd he al th fo r in di vi du al s in in st itu tio ns . In cr ea se d ag ri cu ltu ra l pr od uc tio n pr oj ec ts in sc ho ol s an d ot he r in st itu tio ns % of a gr ic ul tu ra l pr od uc tio n pr oj ec ts in sc ho ol s an d in st itu tio ns M in ut es of fe ed in g co m m itt ee In cr ea se d nu tr iti on kn ow le dg e am on g w or ke rs in s ch oo ls a nd in st itu tio ns de al in g w ith m ea ls a nd h ea lth fo r s ch oo ls % o f f oo d an d nu tr iti on sk ill ed s ta ff in in st itu tio ns 79 P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou pu t/ ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 Sc ho ol s an d in st itu tio ns off er in g nu tr iti ou s m ea ls N um be r o f sc ho ol s off er in g nu tr iti ou s m ea ls Sc ho ol as se ss m en t re po rt s, M on ito ri ng su rv ey re po rt s 90 % In cr ea se d sc ho ol s w ith s ch oo l ga rd en s N um be r o f sc ho ol s w ith sc ho ol g ar de ns Sc ho ol as se ss m en t re po rt s, s ur ve y re po rt s T B D T B D C RI SI S A N D E M ER G EN C Y M A N A G EM EN T K E Y P E R F O R M A N C E I N D IC A T O R S P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou tp ut / ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 E m er ge nc y pr ep ar ed ne ss To re du ce ri sk a nd vu ln er ab ili ty to fo od in se cu ri ty an d m al nu tr iti on oc ca si on ed b y di sa st er s In cr ea se d al lo ca tio n of d ro ug ht co nt in ge nc y fu nd to n ut ri tio n pr og ra m m in g Pr op or tio n of D ro ug ht c on tin ge nc y fu nd a llo ca te d to n ut ri tio n pr og ra m m in g N D M A E ar ly w ar ni ng re po rt s N D O C re po rt s M oD P C on tin ge nc y fu nd 1 0 B ill io n pe r y ea r 2% 4% 6% 8% 10 % C on tin ge nc y pl an s in p la ce in a ll co un tie s St ak eh ol de r di sa st er m an ag em en t pl an ni ng co m itt ee s in p la ce E m er ge nc y co nt in ge nc y pl an s S ta ke ho ld er di sa st er m an ag em en t te ch ni ca l c om m itt ee s in p la ce a t N at io na l an d C ou nt y le ve ls C on tin ge nc y pl an s M in ut es o f co nt in ge nc y pl an ni ng m ee tin gs 4 8 B ia nn ua l co nt in ge nc y pl an ni ng B ia nn ua l co nt in ge nc y pl an ni ng 80 P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou tp ut / ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 E m er ge nc y re sp on se Pr ev en t de te ri or at io n in fo od a nd nu tr iti on s ta tu s an d sa ve li ve s of v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps in em er ge nc ie s Ti m el y co nt in ge nc y pl an ni ng a t na tio na l a nd co un ty le ve l st re ng th en ed N um be r o f c ou nt ie s ha vi ng u pd at ed co nt in ge nc y pl an s C on tin ge nc y pl an s 48 C on tin ge nc y pl an s 23 C ou nt ie s 48 48 48 48 48 in cr ea se d in op er at io na liz at io n of c on tin ge nc y fu nd s % o f c on tin ge nc y fu nd s a llo ca te d % o f c on tin ge nc y fu nd s op er at io na liz ed N um be r o f su pp le m en ta ry a nd th er ap eu tic p ro gr am s Fi na nc ia l r et ur n re po rt 2 01 6/ 20 17 in cr ea se in co un tie s ca rr yi ng ou t m as s sc re en in g du ri ng em er ge nc ie s N um be r o f a ff ec te d co un tie s w ith N ut ri tio n m as s sc re en in g N ut ri tio n su rv ey re po rt s, A ss es sm en t r ep or ts , N D M A E ar ly w ar n in g re po rt 2 3 11 11 3 15 17 20 23 R ec ov er y, re si lie nc e bu ild in g a lo ng te rm de ve lo pm en t T o im pr ov e po st e m er ge nc y re co ve ry th ro ug h re si lie nc e bu ild in g an d lo ng te rm de ve lo pm en t pr og ra m m es In cr ea se d su pp le m en ta ry an d th er ap eu tic pr og ra m s N um be r o f fa ci lit ie s off er in g su pp le m en ta ry a nd th er ap eu tic p ro gr am s D H IS , c ov er ag e su rv ey s M ai nt ai n ab ov e 75 % 7 5% > 75 % >7 5% >7 5% > 75 % > 75 % In cr ea se in co un tie s im pl em en tin g SB C C s tr at eg y N o of c ou nt ie s im pl em en tin g an SB C C s tr at eg y C ap ac ity a ss es sm en t R ep or ts fr om Pa rt ne rs a nd M O H 15 4 8 10 12 14 15 D is as te r r ec ov er y pr og ra m m es in pl ac e N um be r o f pr og ra m m es Pr og ra nm /P ro je ct re po rt s 81 P ro gr am o r pr oj ec t a re a O bj ec ti ve E xp ec te d ou tp ut / ou tc om e O bj ec ti ve ly ve ri fia bl e In di ca to rs M ea ns o f ve ri fic at io n Ta rg et B as el in e ta rg et s Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 C om m un ity m an ag ed d is as te r ri sk re du ct io n an d re si lie nc e bu ild in g N um be r o f C om m un ity m an ag ed d is as te r ri sk re du ct io n an d re si lie nc e bu ild in g pr og ra m s in p la ce Pr og ra m /p ro je ct re po rt s 50 % T B D L iv el ih oo d in su ra nc e sc he m es to c us hi on an d su pp or t co m m un iti es to re co ve r f ro m em er ge nc ie s in pl ac e L iv el ih oo d in su ra nc e sc he m es in p la ce In su ra nc e pr og ra m m e re po rt s T B D 7 Fu nc tio na l D is at er ri sk re du ct io n co m m un ity u ni ts N um be r o f co m m un ity u ni ts fo rm ed a ga in st re co m m en de d C ap ac ity a ss es sm en t 50 % T B D 82 Appendix III: Technical Committee Members and Contributors NAME MINISTRY/STATE DEPARTMENT 1 Dr, Johnson Irungu Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 2 Ann Onyango Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 3 Mary Mwale Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 4 Stephen Andika Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 5 Hilda Njoroge, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6 Eng. Musa Sang Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7 Tom Kinara Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 8 Kithama Mbolu Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 9 Leonard K. Kamaru Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 10 Ian Thande Githae Ministry of Water and Irrigation 11 Phanuel Webi Ministry of Water and Irrigation 12 Gladys Mugambi, Ministry of Health 13 Grace Gichohi Ministry of Health 14 Leila Akinyi Ministry of Health 15 Florence Mugo Ministry of Health 16 Tom Obunde Ministry of Devolution and Planning 17 Paul Kimeu Ministry of Devolution and Planning 18 Jacinta Ngwiri, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 19 Christopher Macharia Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 20 David Ombalo Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 21 Jane Wanbugu Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 22 Dr. Boaz Otieno Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 22 Josephine Mogere Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 23 Demeke Mulat Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 24 Sicily Matu United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 25 Janet Ntwiga United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 26 Grainne Moloney United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 27 Shadrack Mutavi German Corperation for International Cooperation (GIZ) 83 LIST OF REFERENCES 1. Butta Z.A et al., Maternal and child under nutrition study group. What works? Interventions for Maternal and Child Under-nutrition and Survival. Lancet 2008:37:417-40. 2. Kenya national Bureau of statistics (KNBS) and ICF Macro.2010. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Calverton, Maryland: KNBS and ICF Macro. 3. Republic of Kenya (2005). Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey. Central 4. Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Nairobi, Kenya. 5. Republic of Kenya (2007). Basic Report on well-being in Kenya. Kenya National Bureau Of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Nairobi, Kenya 6. Republic of Kenya (2008). Kenya Vision 2030. A globally competitive and prosperous Kenya. Nairobi: Ministry of Planning and National Development and the National Economic and Social Council (NESC). 7. Republic of Kenya (2012). Food and Nutrition Security Strategy 8. Republic of Kenya (2011). The Kenya National Micronutrient Survey 2011. 9. Republic of Kenya (2012). The Kenya National Nutrition Action Plan 2012 – 2017. 10. Republic of Kenya (2012). National Food and Nutrition Security Policy 2012. Sessional Paper No. 1 of 2012 11. Republic of Kenya (MOH, 2015). Kenya STEPwise Survey for NCDs Risk Factors 2015 Report 12. Republic of Kenya (2017). National Disaster Risk Management Policy 13. FANTA (1999).Food Security Indicators and Framework for Use in the Monitoring and Evaluation of Food Aid Programs 14. Republic of Kenya( 2012). The National Policy for Sustainable Development of Northern Kenya and Other Arid lands: Sessional Paper No. 8 of 2012. 15. Republic of Kenya (2014). Kenya National Capacity Development Framework 2014-2019. 16. Republic of Kenya (2016). Kenya Nutrition Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization Strategy 2016 – 2020. 17. Republic of Kenya (MOH, 2017). Kenya Guidelines on Healthy diets and lifestyle 18. Republic of Kenya (2014). Ending Drought Emergencies: Common Programming Framework 19. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. (2016). Food Security mapping and Analysis Report 20. Republic of Kenya (2008). National Livestock Policy: Session Paper No 2 of 2008 21. Republic of Kenya (2016). Kenya National Bureau of Statistics: Economic Survey report 22. Republic of Kenya (2010). Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (2010-2020). 23. IPC Global Partners. 2012. Integrated Food Security Phase Classification Technical Manual Version 2.0. Evidence and Standards for Better Food Security Decisions. FAO 24. FAO. 2011. A Response Analysis Framework for Food and Nutrition Security Interventions. Rome. 25. FAO. 1996. World Food Summit (WFS) – Rome Declaration on World Food Security and WFS Plan of Action. Rome. 26. UNICEF (2013). Improving Child Nutrition. Newyork, United Nations Children’s Fund 84 Online resources www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/FSGuide.pdf http://www.fao.org/elearning/course/FA/en/pdf/P-01 RG Concept.pdf www.ipcinfo.org/.../docs/IPC-Manual-2-Interactive.pdf https://www.knbs.or.ke. Quarterly Gross Domestic Product Report First Quarter 2017 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org. SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture https://www.disasterriskreduction.net/east-central-africa/reglap http://www.urbangateway.org https://www.jica.go.jp/kenya/english/office/topics/140529.html http://ilakenya.org/three-out-of-ten-households-going-without-food-shows-new-survey 85 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS Adopted from UNICEF by Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) UNICEF’S Original Conceptual Framework of Malnutrition 86 FAO IPC Global Partners. 2012. Integrated Food Security Phase Classification Technical Manual Version 2.0. Evidence and Standards for Better Food Security Decisio 87 88