Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan 2023-2027

1.0 Background and Context ........................................................................................................ 13

1.1 Climate Change in Marsabit County ........................................................................................ 13

1.1.1 Geography ...................................................................................................................... 13

1.1.2 Administration, Demography and Urbanization ................................................... 14

1.1.3 Socio-economic characteristics...................................................................................... 14

1.1.4 Agro-ecological zones ....................................................................................................... 15

1.1.6 Climate ............................................................................................................................. 16

1.1.7 Climate trends and projections ................................................................................. 17

1.2 Underlying Climate Resilience Context .................................................................................... 22

1.2.1 Hazard map .......................................................................................................................... 22

1.2.2 Historical Climate Hazards and trends in the county ................................................ 22

1.2.3 Major Hazards experienced in the county ................................................................... 23

1.2.4 Spatial Distribution of Climate Hazards in the County .............................................. 24

1.2.5 Impacts of Climate Hazards in the County .................................................................. 25 1.2.6 Summary of Differentiated Climate exposure and Vulnerability of key groups 28

1.3 Brief Overview of Climate Change Actions in the County .............................................. 29 1.3.1 Mainstreaming of National Climate Change Action Plan in County Actions 29

1.3.2 Climate Change in the CIDP ........................................................................................ 30

1.3.3 Other key climate actions/strategies in the County .............................................. 31 2. Policy Environment............................................................................................................................ 32

2.1 International Policy Context..................................................................................................... 32

2.2 Regional Policy Context ............................................................................................................ 33

2.3 National Policy Context ............................................................................................................ 34

2.4 County Enabling Legal & Policy Framework ....................................................................... 35 5 3. Priority Climate Change Actions ................................................................................................... 37

3.1 Strategic climate actions .......................................................................................................... 37

3.1.1 Priority actions in the PCRA ............................................................................................... 37 3.1.2 Purpose of the Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan ............................. 38 3.1.3 Process of developing the Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan ...... 39

3.1.4 Vision, Mission and Objectives ......................................................................................... 40

3.2 Sectoral Climate Change Action Priorities .......................................................................... 40 4. Delivery Mechanisms for the Action Plan ................................................................................... 58

4.1 Enabling Factors .......................................................................................................................... 58

4.1.1 Enabling Policy and Regulation ...................................................................................... 58

4.1.2 Mainstreaming in the CIDP ............................................................................................... 58

4.1.3 Multi-stakeholder participation processes .................................................................... 59

4.1.4 Resource mobilization strategy ........................................................................................ 60

4.1.5 Climate Information Services & Climate Data Access ............................................. 61

4.1.6 Resilience Planning Tools ................................................................................................... 61

4.1.7 Measurement, Reporting and Verification ................................................................... 63

4.2.1 Coordination structures ...................................................................................................... 64 Annexes .................................................................................................................................................... 84 Annex 1: List of Participants ............................................................................................................ 84 Annex 2: Ward Adaptation Priorities............................................................................................. 95 Annex 3; List of Stakeholders .......................................................................................................... 99 6 List of Figures Figure 1: Rainfall pattern from Jan 1981 to Dec 2022 in Marsabit County......................................... 16 Figure 2: Marsabit County temperature trends maps (1980 – 2014): Source REGAL IR 2016........... 18 Figure 3: Forecasted rainfall pattern from Jan 2023 to Dec 2032 in Marsabit County ..................... 19 Figure 4: Marsabit County Rainfall data from Jan 1980 to Dec 2021 and forecast from Jan 2023 to Dec 2032 .................................................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 5: County hazard map ................................................................................................................. 22 Figure 6: Marsabit County Climate governance structure .................................................................. 67 7 List of Tables Table 1: Next Decade and Last Decade Comparison .................................................................................. 22 Table 2: Historical timeline of hazards in Marsabit County......................................................... 24 Table 3: Major hazards experienced in the county ..................................................................... 25 Table 4: Implementation Matrix ......................................................................................................... 57 Table 5: List of participants ..................................................................................................................74 Table 6 : Ward adaptation priorities .................................................................................................84 8 Acronyms AU African Union ADP Annual Development Plans AMCEN African Ministerial Conference on Environment ASAL Arid and Semi-Arid Lands BMU Beach Management Unit CFA Community Forest Association CSA Climate-Smart Agriculture CLMC Community Land Management Committee CIDP County Integrated Development Plan CIMES County Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System COP Conference of Parties CSA Climate Smart Agriculture CSP County Spatial Plan LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LULC Land Use Land Cover EAC Intergovernmental Authority on Development EMC Environment Management Committee EDE Ending Drought Emergencies FLLoCA Financing Locally Led Climate Actions FFA Food for Assets IDDRSI IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development LULC Land Use Land Cover MCCCAP Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MTP Medium Term Plan NCCAP National Climate Change Action Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contributions NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NIMES National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System PCRA Participatory Climate Risk Assessment PPP Public-Private Partnerships PWD People with Disability SDG Sustainable Development Goals UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WUA Water User Association WRUA Water Resource User Association 9 Definition of Terms Weather refers to atmospheric conditions at a particular time in a particular location, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, wind, and visibility. Weather conditions do not happen in isolation, they have a ripple effect. The weather in one region will eventually affect the weather hundreds or thousands of kilometers away. Climate is the average of weather patterns in a specific area over a longer period of time, usually 30 or more years, which represents the overall state of the climate system. Greenhouse gases are gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, causing global warming and climate change. The main greenhouse gases released by human activity are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, as well as fluorinated gases used for cooling and refrigeration. Global warming is an increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature that occurs when the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases. These gases absorb more solar radiation and trap more heat, thus causing the planet to get hotter. Burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests, and farming livestock are some human activities that release greenhouse gases and contribute to global warming. Climate change refers to the long-term changes in the Earth’s climate that are warming the atmosphere, ocean and land. Climate change is affecting the balance of ecosystems that support life and biodiversity, and impacting health. It also causes more extreme weather events, such as more intense and/or frequent hurricanes, floods, heat waves, and droughts, and leads to sea level rise and coastal erosion as a result of ocean warming, melting of glaciers, ad loss of ice sheets. The climate crisis refers to the serious problems that are being caused or are likely to be caused by changes in the planet’s climate. Mitigation refers to any action taken by governments, businesses, and people to reduce, sequester, or prevent greenhouse gas emissions. Examples of mitigation include transitioning to renewable energy like wind and solar, investing in carbon-free transportation, promoting sustainable agriculture and land use, planting forests to act as carbon sinks, and changing consumption practices and diet behaviors. Adaptation refers to actions that help reduce vulnerability to the current or expected impacts of climate change. Examples of adaptation include planting crop varieties that are more resistant to drought or changing conditions, 10 managing land to reduce wildfire risks, building stronger flood defences, relocating infrastructure from coastal areas affected by sea level rise, and developing insurance mechanisms specific to climate-related threats. Resilience is the capacity of a community or environment to anticipate and manage dangerous climatic events and recover and transform after the ensuing shock, with minimal damage to societal wellbeing, economic activity, and the environment. Examples of increasing resilience in a community include long-term planning, early warning systems, training for new skills, diversifying the sources of household income, strengthening nature-based solutions, and building robust communal response and recovery capacities. Climate justice means putting equity and human rights at the core of decision- making and action on climate change. Nature-based solutions support climate change adaptation and mitigation by using natural systems and processes to restore ecosystems, conserve biodiversity, and enable sustainable livelihoods. Climate finance refers to financial resources and instruments that are used to support action on climate change. Climate finance is critical to addressing climate change because of the large-scale investments that are needed to transition to a low-carbon global economy and to help societies build resilience and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Adaptive capacity: Ability of systems, institutions, humans, and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, take advantage of opportunities, or respond to consequences. Vulnerability: Propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected. It encompasses sensitivity or susceptibility to harm, and lack of capacity to cope and adapt. Hazard: is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or circumstances can constitute hazards when their nature would allow them, even just theoretically, to cause damage to health, life, property, or any other interest of value Disaster Risk Reduction: systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. Aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster and the environmental and other hazards that trigger them Disaster: the serious disruption of the functioning of society causing widespread human, material or environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the affected communities to cope using their own resources. Disasters occur when the negative effects of the hazards are not well managed. 11 Disaster risk reduction: is a framework and a tool that determines the degree of risk and describes measures to increase capacities and reduce hazard impact on the elements at risk so that disaster will be avoided. Risk: is the potential for negative consequences to something that is valued when the occurrence and degree of a future outcome is uncertain. Risks from climate change impacts arise from the interaction between a hazard (triggered by an event or trend related to climate change), vulnerability (susceptibility to harm) and exposure (people, assets or ecosystems at risk). Risk assessment: qualitative and/or quantitative scientific estimation of risks. Risk management: plans, actions, strategies or policies to reduce the likelihood and/or consequences of risks or to respond to consequences. 12

1.0 Background and Context

1.1 Climate Change in Marsabit County

1.1.1 Geography Located along the border lines in the furthest of Northern Kenya, Marsabit County has international boundary with Ethiopia to the North, borders Lake Turkana to the West, Samburu County to the South and Wajir and Isiolo Counties to the East. It covers a considerably wider land mass approximated at 70, 691km2 and therewith making it the largest county in Kenya. The County is divided into four sub-counties namely Saku, North Horr, Moyale and Laisamis. The four administrative zones also serve as political units comprising 4 constituencies and 20 wards. There are also 100 village units—representing the lowest administrative structures under the devolved governance system. Much of the county’s landmass comprises an extensive plains lying between 300m and 900m above sea level, sloping gently towards the southeast. The plains are bordered to the west and north by hills and mountain ranges, occasionally broken by volcanic cones and calderas. The most notable topographical features of the county include Ol Donyo Ranges (2066m above sea level) in the South West; Mt. Marsabit (1865m above sea level) in the Central part of the county; Hurri Hills (1685m above sea level) in the North-Eastern part of the county; Mt. Kulal (2235m above sea level) in North West; and Sololo-Moyale escarpment (up to 1400m above sea level) in the North East. The distinct physical feature for which the county is famous is the Chalbi Desert. The desert forms a large depression covering an area of 948 Km2 and lies between 435m and 500m elevation. The depression is within the Great Rift Valley and is separated from Lake Turkana by a ridge that rises to 700m. There are no permanent rivers in the county, but four drainage systems exist. Chalbi Desert is the largest of these drainage systems. The depression receives run-off from Mt. Marsabit, Hurri Hills, Mt. Kulal and the Ethiopian plateau. The seasonal rivers of Malgis and Merille to the extreme south flow eastward and drain into the Sori Adhi Swamp. Other drainage systems include the Diid Galgallu plains which receive run-off from the eastern slopes of Hurri hills and Lake Turkana into which seasonal rivers from Kulal and Nyiro Mountains drain. There are springs and oasis Korolle, Medate, North Horr, and Maikona. There exists several shallow wells and lakes holding water seasonally around Mt. Marsabit including Haite, Badasa, Sagante, Hulahula, Ilchuta, and Lake Paradise—only permanent Crater Lake in the county. 13

1.1.2 Administration, Demography and Urbanization Administratively, the County is divided into four sub-counties namely Saku, North Horr, Moyale and Laisamis. Politically it is divided into four (4) Constituencies of Laisamis, North Horr, Saku and Moyale, 20 Assembly Wards and 100 Village Units. According to the 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census, The National population was 47,564,296 persons, with Male population consisting of 23,548,056 and female population consisting of 24,014,716 persons and 1,524 inter-sex, while the County population was 459,785 consisting of 243,548 males, 216,219 females and 18 inter-sex, as indicated in table 1.4. Compared to the national population, the county constitutes 1% of the Total population. The county has a population growth rate of 3.4%, while nationally the growth rate is at 2.2%, with a population projection of 539,101 and 565,091 by the end of the year 2025 and 2027 respectively. The majority of the population in the county is between 0-24 years. This is an indicator of a young and growing population, which will potentially exert pressure on the county’s resources in the future if the trend continues. Major towns in the county include Moyale and Marsabit while the main urban centers are Sololo, Loiyangalani, North Horr, and Laisamis.

1.1.3 Socio-economic characteristics Economic activities in Marsabit County include agriculture, cottage industries, wholesale and retail trade, quarrying and artisanal mining. Agriculture is the main economic activity in the county including livestock keeping, crop production, bee keeping, fishing and agroforestry. Agricultural production in the county is predominantly livestock-based. Approximately 81, 16, and 3 percent of the population is engaged in pastoralism, agro-pastoralism, and other livelihoods respectively. The livestock types reared in the county include cattle, goats, sheep, camels, donkeys, and poultry. Bee keeping is also practiced, and fishing is mainly done along the shores of Lake Turkana. Crop production is limited to a few areas given the low and erratic rainfall in most parts of the county. The main crops grown include maize, green grams, wheat, teff, beans, millet, vegetables and fruits. Fruit trees are considered as part of agroforestry, a practice limited to areas around Mt. Marsabit and Sessi. The sale of livestock & livestock products are the main sources of cash income in the Pastoral and Agro Pastoral livelihood zones contributing 82 and 60 percent of cash income respectively. Food crop production contributes 20 percent of cash income in the Agro Pastoral livelihood zone while in the Pastoral livelihood zone; formal waged labour and petty trade contribute 11 percent of cash income. The proportion of population that is below the poverty line was 80 and 69 percent in the Pastoral and Agro Pastoral livelihood zones respectively. 14 The social landscape of the county is characterized by chronic food shortage, insecurity, high levels of and dependency on food aid and rapidly changing livelihoods owing to climate change. The latest SMART survey conducted in January 2023 indicated an overall critical nutrition situation in Marsabit County that ranged from Alert levels in Saku (8.4percent), Critical levels in Moyale (15.2percent) and North Horr (29.6 percent) and Extremely Critical levels in Laisamis counties at 32.6percent. The monetary poverty rate for Marsabit is 63.2% which is 36-percentage point higher than the national rate of 35.7% with approximately 290,358 people in Marsabit being monetarily poor. Marsabit has a multi-dimensional poverty rate of 85.8%, which is 22-percentage point higher than the monetary poverty rate of 63.2% with a total of 394,561 people being multi-dimensionally poor. Access to water remains low and is often impacted by climate change. For instance, only about 2% of the households have access to improved latrines, 20% pit latrines with the majority of 78% practice open defecation (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 2010).

1.1.4 Agro-ecological zones Ecological Zone II - Forest Zones (Sub-Humid): The zone is characterized by high rainfall amounts of up to 1,000mm per annum, low evapotranspiration and high suitability for agricultural activities. The soils are suitable for agricultural production. The zone includes parts of Mt. Marsabit above 1,500m and Mt. Kulal above 1,700m which supports dense evergreen forests. This is an important water catchment area, covering just about one per cent of the county. Ecological Zone IV - Woodland Zone (Semi-Arid): The zone is semi-arid with medium potential. It has become an area of sedentarized agro-pastoral activities. It constitutes the lower slopes of Mt. Marsabit, the middle slopes of Mt. Kulal and the top of Huri Hills. Areas of Sololo and Moyale are also included in this zone. Ecological Zone V - Bushland Zone (Arid): This zone includes the lower slopes of volcanic and basement piles lying between 700 and 1,000m. The soils are shallow and stony clay loams with rock outcrops. The flatter areas are covered by grass. The zone consists of the plains of Dida Galgallu, Bure Dera, Milgis and parts of the slope of Mt. Marsabit and Huri Hills. These areas are characterized by steeper slopes which may favor greater surface run-off and hence may experience greater sheet wash erosion. Ecological Zone VI - Dwarf Scrubland Zone (Very Arid): This is the most extensive zone in the county. The typical vegetation is dwarf-shrub grassland or a very dry form of bushed grassland. The extremely dry areas may be properly termed “bushed stone land”. The zone includes all the hills and plains below 700m. Grazing season in these areas is extremely short, lasting not more than two 15 months after the rains. When the rain fails, the only vegetation available in this area is dwarf-shrub, which supports goats and camels, but not cattle.

1.1.6 Climate Rainfall is erratic and highly variable with high evaporation rates that exceed rainfall more than 10 times. The county experiences tropical climatic conditions with extreme temperatures ranging from a minimum of 15º C to a maximum of 26º C, with an annual average of 20.5º C (World Weather and Climate Information, 2015). Rainfall ranges between 200 mm and 1,000 mm per annum and its duration, amount and reliability increases as altitude rises. The lowest part of the County like North Horr (550 m asl) has a mean annual rainfall of 150 mm while Mt. Marsabit and Moyale receive a mean annual rainfall of 800 mm and 700 mm respectively (CIDP 2013) Figure 1: Rainfall pattern from Jan 1981 to Dec 2022 in Marsabit County Source: NDMA 16

1.1.7 Climate trends and projections The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007, recommended indicators that can be used to detect climate change. Some of these indicators include the “number of nights with temperature below/above certain threshold values”, cold and warm spells indicators, the daily temperature range, extremely wet days, and the number of heavy precipitation days; among others. Several approaches can be used for the analysis of climate change, including statistical and graphical techniques. Modelling is one technique used to simulate climatic variables to generate projections of climatic conditions in the future. However, these projections are based on assumptions and have high uncertainties, to inform responses and address current and future climate- related impacts.

1.1.6.1. Temperature Change Trends and projections Climate change is expected to cause global average surface temperature to increase some 1 to 2.5 °C by 2030 and it is predicted that during this period, billions of people, particularly those in developing countries will face changes in rainfall patterns and extreme events, such as severe water short-ages, droughts or flooding. These events will increase the risk of land degradation and biodiversity loss. Climate change will also affect the length of growing seasons, and crop and livestock yields, and bring about increased risk of food shortages, insecurity, and pest and disease incidence, putting populations at greater health and livelihood risks. The mean annual temperature in Kenya has increased by 1.0°C since 1960 and daily temperature observations show a significant upward trend in the frequency of hot days, and an even larger upward trend in the frequency of hot nights. The frequency of cold days has decreased significantly, and the frequency of cold nights has decreased even more rapidly and significantly, in all seasons. It is largely assumed that temperatures will continue to increase. Long term temperature change trends for Marsabit (1980-2014) revealed an increase in average temperatures of about 1.5ºC. The trend demonstrates that while temperature is increasing with time, the rainfall does not follow the same trend. 17 Figure 2: Marsabit County temperature trends maps (1980 – 2014): Source REGAL IR 2016 y = 0.025x + 32.71 34 R² = 0.318 34 33 Temperature (0C) 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1991 1992 1993 1994 1996 1998 1999 2007 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1990 1995 1997 2001 2013 Years KARGI/ SOUTH HORR KORR/NGURUNIT LAISAMIS MAIKONA MARSABIT CENTRAL TURBI URAN

1.6.1.2. Rainfall trends and projections Rainfall projections for the future in Kenya are inconsistent. A range of models and scenarios suggest both increases and decreases in total precipitation (www.cimatewizard). The large influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as well as uncertainties, and inaccuracies for county levels in climate models make it very hard to find scientific evidence that the climate is going to change in Marsabit County. It is however, largely taken that temperatures continue to increase, and rainfall will even be more erratic than it already is today. 18 Figure 3: Forecasted rainfall pattern from Jan 2023 to Dec 2032 in Marsabit County Source: KMD and NDMA The forecasted rainfall for Marsabit County shows a trend with the highest peak experienced in April followed by November, then October, March, December and finally May. These are the 6 months with notable high rainfall ranging from 30.75mm in Dec to 98.62mm in April. This can be translated to long rains from March, peaking in April with an average of 98.56mm across the decade and ending in May and short rains starting in October, peaking in November at an average of 51.50mm across the years and ending in December. Subsequently, April and November are the months with the highest rainfall all through the years, whereas September is the month with the least rainfall at an average of 2.58mm over the decade followed by June at 4.16mm. 19 Figure 4: Marsabit County Rainfall data from Jan 1980 to Dec 2021 and forecast from Jan 2023 to Dec 2032 (Source: KMD and NDMA) Comparably, the months with the highest rainfall in the previous decade were April, November, October, March, December and May each averaging at 115.28mm, 52.56mm, 44.05mm, 43.74mm, 30.41mm and 28.72mm respectively and across the decade. On the other hand, September and June were also the driest months with 3.11mm and 3.88mm monthly average across the last 10 years. The forecast data gives a similar trend as the most dry and wet months of both decades, mirror. 20 Table 1: Next Decade and Last Decade Comparison Next Decade and Last Decade Comparison Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Last Decade 11.34 11.08 39.49 98.56 28.78 4.16 7.65 4.65 2.58 40.09 51.50 30.74 Next Decade 9.68 11.18 43.74 115.28 28.72 3.88 7.68 4.54 3.11 44.05 52.56 30.41 (Source: KMD and NDMA) In the coming decade, Marsabit County will experience a monthly average rainfall of 27.55mm and a decade sum of 3306.14mm compared to the previous decade that had a decade sum of 3548.23mm and 29.57mm monthly mean rainfall. Taken together, this represents a 6.82% reduction in the amount of rainfall in Marsabit County for the coming decade.

1.6.1.3. Vegetation Cover Changes and productivity trends Monitoring vegetation productivity is important in assessing threats to environment and to ensure feed and food sustainability to humans and animals. Past studies have estimated vegetation productivity using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which is an indicator of photosynthetic activity in a living plant. NDVI has also been used as an indicator (proxy) for vegetation vigor and vitality. Droughts are caused by precipitation well below normal averages and a major climatic condition which affect vegetation and livelihoods in the ASALs. Among the effects of drought is the low vegetation quality and quantity. Indeed, vegetation productivity during the dry seasons is one of the most limiting factors to pastoral livelihood sustainability in Marsabit County and the entire the ASALs. A time series vegetation cover studies (1990-2015) by REGAL-IR in 2016 for Marsabit confirmed a shift from forests, woodlands, bushlands and herbaceous cover to grasslands and shrub land marking the beginning of the disappearance of the typical savannah vegetation in Marsabit. In 1979, for instance, shrub land covered an estimated area of 4,076,584.71 Ha followed by grassland at 2,839,840.64 Ha cropland covering an estimated area of 11,469.19 ha with the least dominant LULC type then being a settlement which covered an estimated area of 44.51 Ha. Major changes were recorded in Marsabit between 1979 and 2014 across nearly all LULC types, with a total of 380,001.52 Ha immersed bare land over the 35 years. It is noteworthy to mention that a huge fraction of this change (90.33 percent; 343,260.82 Ha) was gained during the 2010 and 2014 window. Conversely, grassland registered the highest losses within the same period. Again, most (394,867.73 Ha) of this loss occurred between the 2010 and 2014 period. It will be remembered that Kenya has 21 experienced successive drought episodes beginning late 2009 through 2017, only varying in intensity.

1.2 Underlying Climate Resilience Context

1.2.1 Hazard map Figure 5: County hazard map

1.2.2 Historical Climate Hazards and trends in the county YEAR EVENT/HAZARD NEGATIVE EFFECTS/IMPACTS POSITIVE EFFECTS/IMPACTS 1990-1992 Drought Livestock deaths, human Active butter trade, for example starvation, conflicts and (Somali Posho) Rendille (goats) migrations 1993-1994 Conflicts Displacements, loss of life and Currently the some areas serves property as livestock grazing fallback area, it also falls under national reserve with wildlife i.e. elephants, Lions, Giraffe etc. 1997-1998 El –Nino Outbreak of livestock diseases, Upsurge in mudfish, enhanced destruction of infrastructure, pasture regeneration and crop shortage of food supplies, production/yields, (maize, Beans, interrupted communication Sorghum) channels, loss of livestock, human diseases 22 YEAR EVENT/HAZARD NEGATIVE EFFECTS/IMPACTS POSITIVE EFFECTS/IMPACTS 1999-2000 Human diseases ( Loss of human lives, closure of Response from Government with Cholera schools and business enterprises medicines, water treatment outbreak) particularly eateries and hotels, chemicals, relief food supplies by markets medicine stock-out at NGOs, temporary employment major health facilities for CHWs to sensitize communities, (the present day CHVs) 2001- Drought Conflicts, migrations, outbreak of Initiation of Government relief 2004/5 diseases, livestock diseases, programme (EMOP) shortage of food due to loss of livelihoods (Livestock) 2005-2006 Conflict-Turbi -Massive human deaths, loss of Initiation of the Kenya Police Massacre/plane livelihoods/livestock, closure of reservists (KPR) currently National crash businesses police Reservists (NPR) - All the four-constituency Peace prevailed among the member of parliaments for warring communities, formation Marsabit county perished of ambassador positions in the region 2008-2011 Drought Conflicts, migrations, outbreak of Construction of water harvesting diseases, livestock diseases, infrastructure, livestock market- shortage of food due to loss of based and slaughter-based livelihoods (Livestock), massive offtake, bird-shooting as a school drop-outs to join bird livelihood, establishment of shooting as a livelihood NDMA through a legal notice to manage issues of drought 2009 Human Loss of human lives, closure of Equipment of medical facilities diseases(Cholera) schools and business enterprises by government particularly eateries and hotels, markets medicine stock-out at major health facilities 2014-2015 Drought Conflicts, migrations, outbreak of Development of integrated diseases, livestock diseases, county drought contingency shortage of food due to loss of plan livelihoods (Livestock), massive school drop-outs to join bird shooting as a livelihood 2019-2020 Covid-19 Closure of businesses, movement Improvement in health centers restrictions, 2019-2020 Desert locusts, Destruction of crops and -Youth employment to monitor Fall armyworms vegetation cover locust 2019-2022 Drought Massive livestock deaths, Formation of the national estimated at over50% of the steering committee on drought total herd response bringing together the public and private sectors at the national level 2023 Flood Destruction of farm Productive rangelands, land/crops/rangeland. Human emerging of wild fruits and livestock deaths Table 2: Historical timeline of hazards in Marsabit County

1.2.3 Major Hazards experienced in the county Drought, ethnic conflict, livestock pest and diseases are the most pressing hazards that are experienced in the agro-pastoral livelihood zone almost every 23 year in the last 10 years. Besides, crop pest and diseases and flooding are ranked at position 4, 5 and 6 respectively. Other hazards that are experienced every year but are not as important include human wildlife conflict, high variable food prices, and shortage of food in the market, shortage of drinking water among others. These findings were provided by the National Drought Management Authority office in Marsabit and corroborated by community discussions during the PCRA process. Table 3: Major hazards and Risk experienced in the county Name of Risk Rank of No of years Wards Hazard importance experienced in last 10 years Drought ✓ Scarcity of water 1 4 Township, Hellu ✓ Food insecurity/shortage Manyatta, Butiye, of food Golbo, Ubbu, ✓ Animal theft Uran,Sololo, N.horr, ✓ Human wildlife conflict Maikona, DuKana, ✓ Scarcity of pasture Illeret,Turbi/Bubisa,Lai ✓ Erratic rainfall samis, ✓ Bush fire during dry spell Logologo/Kamboe, ✓ Prolong dry spell Korr/Ngurunet, Kargi, Loiyangalani/Mt Kulal, Mountain, Sagate/Jaldesa and Karare/Songa Resources ✓ Land degradation 2 3 Logolo/Kamboe, based conflict ✓ Shortage of human and Mountain, Karare, livestock water use Sagante/Jaldesa, ✓ Unclear boundary issues Kari, Maikona, ✓ Ethnicity/tribalism Turbi,Uran Dukana, ✓ Political incitement Loiyangalani/Mt Kulal ✓ Competition over scarce and Illerel resources during dry spell Human and ✓ Weak livestock body 3 10 Kargi/S. horr, livestock condition during drought Sagate/Jaldesa, Diseases ✓ Water borne diseases due Logologo/Kamboe, to water scarcity Laisamis, Dukana, ✓ Terminal illness Illeret Flooding ✓ Strong heat and dry 4 10 Obbu, Sololo, condition makes soil loose Logologo/Kamboe, hence prone to flood Uran, Butiye, Dukana ✓ Poor drainage ✓ Destruction of properties ✓ Human and livestock deaths ✓ Increase in water borne diseases ✓ High winds/cyclones

1.2.4 Spatial Distribution of Climate Hazards in the County Drought: As shown in the hazard map, drought is experienced in the entire county with its intensity of effect varying according to sub county vulnerability 24 exposure. Laisamis and North Horr Sub Counties are mostly affected due to their aridity and over-dependence on pastoralism. Disease outbreaks: With changing climate, some regions have also experienced unique disease outbreaks like Kalaazar (disease caused by sand flies) which has mainly affected herders. The cases of kalaazar have been reported in Laisamis Sub county (Gudas, Logologo, Kargi, Laisamis among other areas), North Horr Sub County (shurr) and Saku Sub County (Kupiqalo and Segel). Marsabit County has been known as a malaria free-zone. However, there have been recent reported cases of malaria in Kargi, causing the deaths of 10 people in a span of two weeks, immediately following the short rains of 2023. Other malaria cases were reported in Dukana, illeret and Saku. Resource based conflicts: resource-based conflict is another hazard mostly caused by competition for scarce rangeland resources (water and water). Recurring drought and keeping of large number of livestock has led to environment degradation that sustains competition for the scarce resources. Where proper negotiation on utilization those resources has not been met, conflict occurs leading to loss of lives and livelihoods. Climate change is increasing the rate of rangeland degradation and associated conflicts while political incitement and boundary disputes remain other triggers. Conflict hotspots include Saku, Songa Badasa, Shurr, Jaldesa, Gudas, Orender, Yel, Kambimye/Segel, Arapal/Gas, Sarima, Kom, Elebor/Eledimtu, Funanqubi, Forole, Illeret and North Horr among others. Floods: After a prolonged drought, the County is always visited by flash floods following heavy down pour. The ongoing short rains of 2023 has led to widespread flooding in areas like Moyale Sub County (Dabel, Kinisa, Godoma, Watiti) Sololo (Anona, Watiti, Bori, Antut, Qate, Madowadi, Uran and elebor, Bathanareno, Ambalo), Saku town, Balesa, Milgis and Kargi. This has led to destruction of property, social infrastructure, and loss of livehoods and disease outbreaks.

1.2.5 Impacts of Climate Hazards in the County Livestock and Pastoralism: Given the recourse to mobility to manage climate variability, Pastoralism is inherently adaptive cli-mate change (ASAL Policy 2016). However, the increased frequencies of extreme weather events multiply the impact of factors that constrain pastoralists’ livelihood. Recurrent droughts and degradation of natural resource base have made local population in the County more vulnerable and dependent on food aid and emergency relief. Scarcity of water, pasture and fodders; incidences of diseases and pests and limited use and access to inputs; increased cases of human/wildlife conflict caused by wild animals attacking livestock as pasture and water in their normal 25 habitats are reduced, and insecurity play a major role in limiting livestock productivity. . Agriculture: Over the last 10 years extreme climatic variation coupled with improper land use systems have resulted into farmers reporting successive crop failure thereby increasing the county’s food insecurity. The pockets of high potential areas in the county are already experiencing significant crop losses in three out of four consecutive seasons. A number of indirect impacts, such as increased rates of runoff, soil erosion, and increased crop losses from wild-life migration, insects, diseases and invasive weeds, notwithstanding limited crop production inputs could significantly magnify production losses. Decline in agricultural production will be detrimental for food security and human health of small subsistence farmers and their local communities. Increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events will also lead to loss of productive assets, personal possession and even life. This has been already observed, but will intensify in the future if efforts are not raised to stop global warming. Fisheries: Lake Turkana, the world’s largest permanent desert lake is the main source of fish in Marsabit County. Fishing is an important livelihood activity for several communities namely El-Mollo, Turkana, and Daasanach who live along its shores. Fishing provides direct employment to the fishermen, traders, transporters, and boat builders. Fishing from the lake involves mainly men while women are engaged in processing (gutting) and preservation activities such as drying and salting. Application of appropriate technologies in fish harvesting and preservation is still very low, due to lack of skills and finances. Climate Change will negatively affect plankton abundance and other aquatic life; reduced volumes of water due to evaporation and alteration of chemical composition will affect water quality and aquatic life; temperature changes will most likely result in changes in upwelling patterns of water, affecting fish spawning period and success of larvae thereby altering the entire life cycle and fish population. Fishing in Lake Turkana is also likely to be affected by recurrent droughts that starve the lake of inflowing water and nutrients leading to reduction in water level with consequences of changing water quality and reduction in fish stock. Taken together, this will affect the adaptive capacity of the fisher folks due to lack of alternative livelihood. Water and Sanitation: There are no permanent rivers in the county, though four main drainage systems exist. Ground water is also on the verge of being over- extracted and in many areas not suitable either for human and livestock consumption or irrigation. Besides quality issues, most of the water sources do not have sufficient water to satisfy human and livestock demand. Over the last 20 years major drainages systems in the region like Ewaso Nyiro River have also experienced severe reduced volumes during droughts while seasonal rivers have dried up completely affecting recharge rates tremendously. Impacts of 26 climate change on water sources will affect drops in water levels as a result of reduced recharge rates; water catchment degradation; siltation and contaminations of surface waters because of severe erosions by run-off occasioned by degradation of environment; reduced water quality and incidences of water borne diseases; depletion of sub-surface aquifers emanating from haphazard developments of boreholes in the rangelands without regard to environmental compliance; high levels of salinity as a result of changes in water chemical composition, poor recharge rates/ high evaporation and drying up of springs and oasis. Rangelands and Wildlife Resources: Rangelands are primarily arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) where other land uses like crop farming are not economically feasible. The rangelands are home to many important plant and wildlife species which contribute greatly to daily sustenance of local communities. Impacts of climate change on the rangeland include changes in water availability, pasture productivity; frequent droughts leading to massive livestock and wildlife deaths; increased human―wildlife conflict due to changes in migration patterns and or dispersal corridors and incidences of vector borne diseases on the tourism industry; increased resource based conflicts between pastoralists as a result of livestock migration and convergence in drought pastures; loss of biological diversity (plants, animal species, bees migration /die out) and reduced aesthetics of landscape as result of degradation; invasive species (encroachment) and over-stocking as result of poor grazing plans leading to pasture depletion. Tourism: Marsabit County has great tourism potential. It has unique cultural and geographical diversity. The County is regarded as the cradle of mankind and hosts the world famous Koobi Fora Archaeological Site where the fossils of the earliest hominids were discovered. Other unique tourism attraction sites are Chalbi Desert, craters, Lake Paradise on Mt Marsabit, unique natural forest/island in the desert, Desert museum, South Island National Park in Lake Turkana, the Petrified Forest in Sibilo National Park, and Marsabit National Park. Frequent and severe droughts experienced in the rangelands over the last 20 years as result of climate change/global warming are likely to affect and even destroy some of the above unique sites like Mt Marsabit forest/National Park and the rangelands that host the majority of wildlife. Observable change in the forage and vegetation pattern across the County is already forcing the wildlife species to migrate to newer sites, neighboring Counties and or even across international borders, inter communal conflict / human wildlife conflicts are leading to reduced visitation and loss of revenue. 27

1.2.6 Summary of Differentiated Climate exposure and Vulnerability of key groups As a society, we have structured our day-to-day lives around historical and current climate conditions. We are accustomed to a normal range of conditions and may be sensitive to extremes that fall outside of this range. Climate change could affect our society through impacts on a number of different social, cultural, and natural resources. Some groups of people will likely face greater challenges than others. Climate change may especially impact people who live in areas that are prone to drought, flood, conflict or people who live in poverty, older adults, and marginalized communities as explained in the sections that follow. Women: Drought disproportionately affects women and girls in Marsabit County. It is women, who often bear the primary responsibility for household and family care and may face greater challenges accessing quality health services due to shifts in priorities caused by climate change. They may also experience family instability, as men are forced to travel long distances to find grazing land for their livestock. Gender disparities also mean that women often travel long distances in search of water due to drying up of water reservoirs. Youth: Youth represent a crossover between the present and future generations, yet they are seldom involved in climate change response strategies. Climate change is already contributing to increased youth unemployment in sensitive sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing and tourism. This is particularly problematic for youth in Marsabit County, among whom, 83.3% are multi- dimensionally poor compared to a national average of 48.1% (CIDP; 2023-2027). For youths aged 18-34, the core drivers of multidimensional poverty are housing (79.9%), nutrition (76%), education (74.5%), sanitation (71.4%) and economic activity (55.8%). Limited economic opportunities will likely result in youths dropping out of school, turning to crime like cattle rustling, rural-urban migration and poor performance in school Elders: For the elderly population in Marsabit County, 91% are multi-dimensionally poor compared to a national average of 55.7%. Among adults aged 35-59, the core drivers of multidimensional poverty are education (90.2%), housing (80.2%), economic activity (80.4%), and sanitation (69.9%). Among the elderly aged 60+, the core drivers of multidimensional poverty are education (95.9%), housing (88.9%), nutrition (88.6%), and sanitation (78.5%). At the same time, climate change risks such as droughts tend to increase elder’s vulnerabilities: appropriate foods may be unavailable, their mobility might be reduced and their dependence on others may increase. Droughts also negatively affect the traditional roles of older people, and perhaps more specifically their social 28 position, as communities and power and support structures are dismantled, leaving older people with less influence and power. Children: 85.3% of children in Marsabit are multi-dimensionally poor. This is 33- percentage points higher than the national average of 52.5%. Among children aged 0-17, the core drivers of multidimensional poverty are nutrition (87%), housing (83.8%), information (79%) and water (60.4%) census 2019. Children are among the most vulnerable to the climate risk hazard such as drought. Families have been driven to an increased reliance on negative coping mechanisms and strategies, which indirectly or directly affects children. When families are faced with difficult decisions in order to survive, they may be forced to leave their children, including at streets/relatives, so they can search for work or pasture; reduce the mouths they need to feed by engaging their children in forced marriage; or rely on their children for financial support and essential household activities. Negative coping mechanisms and strategies involving children have long-term repercussions, especially as children often do not have the same agency as adults, making them vulnerable to the decisions taken by their caregivers. Extremely high rate of malnutrition has been also recorded among children in the county owing to frequent droughts that impact feeding. Persons with Disability (PWDs and Minority groups: As the climate continues to change, hundreds of marginalized people in Marsabit County face increasing challenges in terms of extreme events, health effects, food, water, and livelihood security, migration and forced displacement, loss of cultural identity, and other related risks. PWDs are already grappling with discrimination and mobility challenges. Drought and floods often push them to the periphery owing to their mobility challenges. Minority groups in Marsabit County are also impacted by climate change. For instance, climate change is contributing to chemical changes in L. Turkana and the resultant reduction in fish stocks means that the El Mollo people are increasingly finding it difficult to meet their livelihood needs. Assimilation by neighboring communities also threatens the cultural identity of the community. This is particularly of concern to policy makers at both levels of government. In response, the government has initiated plans to develop the El Mollo dictionary to preserve the language―that very few members of the community speak.

1.3 Brief Overview of Climate Change Actions in the County

1.3.1 Mainstreaming of National Climate Change Action Plan in County Actions The Climate Change Act (2016) provides the regulatory mechanisms to implement climate change resilience and low-carbon actions in both public and private sector development activities and has enshrined the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) – to be developed in 5-year cycles and 29 aligned with the Medium Term Expenditure Plans (MTP IV)—as its principal implementation instrument. It requires County governments to domesticate the Act through plans, policies, and programs and finance such programs through the public expenditure management cycle. The Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan (2018-2022) identified the most vulnerable sectors negatively impacted by climate change, associated action plans, implementing agencies, and indicative budget. Among others, the plan recommends the following adaptation actions: promoting climate- smart agriculture, livelihood diversifications, and water catchment protection, building the resilience of at-risk communities, rangeland rehabilitation, and stakeholders’ awareness on climate change and mainstreaming adaptation actions across all county departments. The second plan (2023-2027) replaces the initial plan and is aligned with the third generation CIDP (2023-2027) for enhanced implementation. The MCCCAP (2023-2027) identifies specific investments for building resilience to climate change in the county. Following the adoption of this plan, next steps will focus on cross-county/regional bloc planning for climate resilience and integrating the CCCAPs into the national climate change action planning process. This provides a pathway for bottom-up integration of counties’ climate resilience priorities into the National Climate Change Action Plan (2023-2027).

1.3.2 Climate Change in the CIDP The Marsabit County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP; 2023-2027) is the county’s 5-year master plan for socio-economic development. The CIDP forms the basis for allocation of resources to County projects. It is one of the primary development blue prints for counties to engage the public and prioritize critical areas of development. Indeed, the County Government Act (2012) and the Public Finance Management Act (2013) provides that no public funds shall be appropriated outside a planning framework developed by the county executive committee and approved by the county assembly. The county planning framework shall integrate economic, physical, social, environmental (climate change) and spatial matters. In fact, the current CIDP provides key indicators for tracking climate change response across all sectors of the county economy. The CIDP also informs the ADP and county annual budget. These shall be based on the annual development priorities and performance targets as provided in the CIDP. As such, the CIDP a critical entry point for the public engagement in the county’s planning and development, mainstreaming climate change, tracking progress regarding the implementation of climate actions and contributing towards the national climate targets through Medium Term Plans. 30

1.3.3 Other key climate actions/strategies in the County The County Government of Marsabit has developed other frameworks to deepen climate change response in the county. These include among others, Marsabit County Climate Change Mainstreaming Guidelines that provide direction to county policy makers and implementers on how to mainstream climate actions across sensitive sectors including agriculture, water and sanitation, health, emergency response, trade and energy while placing an emphasis on the vulnerable groups. The county has also enacted complimentary policy frameworks on enterprise development, co-operatives development, livestock production, rangeland management, community health, ECDE education, tourism and promotion of cultural heritage. Most importantly, the county is implementing flagship projects with a bearing on climate change adaptation and mitigation in concert with the national government, private sector and development partners. These include, among others, Lake Turkana Wind Power Project, climate smart agriculture projects, mega water and sanitation projects, roads and other communication infrastructure as well as security interventions. 31 2. Policy Environment

2.1 International Policy Context The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) sets an overall framework for intergovernmental response to climate change, recognizing that the climate system can be affected by industrial and other emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The UNFCCC was adopted on May 9th, 1992 and opened for signatures at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development the same year. Among others, the conference also adopted the Agenda 21, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. It is a non-binding agreement. Currently, there are 197 state parties to the Convention, including Kenya. Through its Conference of the Parties (COP), the UNFCCC provides a platform for state parties and other key stakeholders to take stock of the status of implementation of climate change actions as well as recommendations necessary to promote the effective implementation of the Convention. Decisions made and agreed to by Parties at the COP are binding to all the UNFCCC Party States, and therefore to sub-national governments under the Party States. This is the relevance of the Convention to Marsabit County for Kenya is a Party to the Convention. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): The UN Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) jointly established the IPCC in 1989 to provide broad and balanced information about climate change. The IPCC fulfils this role by reviewing and assessing the most recent scientific, technical and socioeconomic information produced worldwide relevant to the understanding of climate change and translating this information into IPCC Assessment Reports and other periodic releases. IPCC’s mandate to member states such as Kenya and its sub-national entities such as Marsabit County Government enables provision of scientific, technical and other relevant information that informs climate change actions that entities should adopt. Such information includes projected temperature and rainfall changes and associated spatial and temporal socio-economic impacts. The Paris Agreement: The Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC, just like the Kyoto Protocol is an instrument of the UNFCCC. The Convention is a consensual, non- binding agreement that must be implemented by politically binding agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and others that will be agreed to, under the COPs. The Paris Agreement was adopted in Paris, France in 2015 in COP 21 and came into force on November 4th, 2016. To date, 32 187 Parties of the 197 Parties to the UNFCCC have ratified the Agreement. Kenya ratified it on December 28th, 2016. The Paris Agreement mandates all Parties to the UNFCCC to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its effects, with enhanced support to assist developing countries to do so. This is achieved primarily through the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which are country-specific and owned action plans detailing mitigation, adaptation and other related actions individual countries intend to undertake in order to combat climate change. NDCs are implemented at both national and sub- national levels, and many actions in Kenya’s first NDC relate to a number of devolved functions of interest to Marsabit County.

2.2 Regional Policy Context African Ministerial Conference on Environment: The African Ministerial Conference on Environment (AMCEN) was established in December 1985, following a conference of African ministers of environment held in Cairo, Egypt. AMCEN is a platform that brings together African ministers for environment to deliberate on common environmental and sustainable development issues of the continent. AMCEN has increasingly played a key role in advancing Africa’s common positions on climate change, particularly with respect to the COPs and is therefore of relevance to sub-national governments like Marsabit. For instance, issues that inform the common positions that AMCEN advances at the COPs are discussed at both national and county levels. Kenya has particularly been active as well as played a key role in AMCEN given its role as the host of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) that provides secretariat services for the platform. The East African Community (EAC) Climate Change Policy (2010) guides Partner States on the preparation and implementation of collective measures to address climate change in the region. The African Union’s Agenda 2063 commits to climate change action that priorities adaptation and calls on member countries to implement the Programme on Climate Action in Africa including a climate-resilient agricultural development program. Moreover, AU’s Agenda 2063 commits to building climate-resilient economies and communities. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) has also prepared the IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability (IDDRS) Strategy. IGAD Member States, Kenya included, developed Country Programming Papers (CPPs) for the Ending Drought Emergencies (EDE) interventions to be undertaken at the national level, from which the County Governments can now draw on for their drought resilience initiatives. Lastly, the African Union (AU) Policy Framework for Pastoralism in Africa aims to secure, protect and improve the lives, livelihoods, and rights of African pastoralists. 33

2.3 National Policy Context The Constitution of Kenya 2010 forms the foundation of the institutional and legal framework for climate change action. Article 10 sets out the National values such as sustainable development. Article 42 provides the right to a clean and healthy environment for every Kenyan. The constitution created 47 devolved County Governments which have a key delivery role in climate response. For instance, the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution mandates counties to intervene on climate-sensitive sectors such as water and sanitation, agriculture, forestry, public works, health, and tourism. Kenya Vision 2030 and its Medium Term Plans: The Vision 2030 presents opportunities to identify climate-related actions and priorities through its implementation tools; the medium term plans (MTPs). The Fourth MTP (2023- 2027) thus has a dedicated section on climate change, in addition to treating the same as a crosscutting theme in all sectors of the economy including governance and the rule of law. This is a key lesson for counties on how to mainstream climate change. The MTP IV identifies actions to address climate change, including implementation of the second National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP 2018-2022) and the Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan (GESIP 2016-2030) as well as mainstreaming of the Climate Change Act 2016 into sector policies, programs and projects formulation. Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan 2016-2030: The Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan (GESIP) 2016-2030 aims at providing guidance to all development actors to adopt pathways with higher green growth, cleaner environment and higher productivity relative to the business as usual growth scenario. It will aid Kenya’s transition to a low carbon development path through promotion of economic resilience and resource efficiency, sustainable management of natural resources, development of sustainable infrastructure and providing support for social inclusion. Similar to the other plans, policies and strategies for green growth/climate change response, GESIP recommends for mainstreaming of its proposed actions into development planning at both national and county levels, complemented by sound inter- governmental coordination for creating synergies. Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy 2017-2026: The Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy 2026 was developed to address the effects of climate change on the agricultural sector, taking cognizance of the importance of the sector to the country’s economy. Agriculture being a devolved function, implementation of the strategy largely rests with county governments. The strategy thus recommends that each county develops CSA policies, strategies and plans to guide implementation or integrate County specific strategies into its County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs) and other plans. 34 Public Finance Management (Climate Change Fund) Regulations, 2018: The draft Public Finance Management (Climate Change Fund) Regulations, 2018 aim at operationalizing the Climate Change Fund. The Regulations provide for the disbursement of the Fund’s resources in the form of loans, grants or equity to eligible implementing agencies including county governments, as provided for in Section 25, for development of innovative actions that benefit climate change responses in Kenya. The Climate Change Act (2016) provides the regulatory mechanisms to implement climate change resilience and low-carbon actions in both public and private sector development activities and has enshrined the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) – to be developed in 5-year cycles and aligned with the Medium Term Expenditure Plans (MTP IV)—as its principal implementation instrument. It requires County governments to domesticate the Act. The National Adaptation Plan (2015-2030) aims to integrate climate change into national and county level development planning and budgeting, as well as enhance the resilience of vulnerable populations to climate shocks. Section 19 of the act has given Counties role to integrate and mainstream climate actions into County planning, that, County Integrated Development Plan, Sectoral plans) it also allows Counties to designate CECM in charge of climate actions/affairs to coordinate and submit progress report on County climate actions. It also allows Counties to enact legislation to implement Climate Change Act of 2016

2.4 County Enabling Legal & Policy Framework The Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan (2018-2022) identifies the most vulnerable sectors negatively impacted by climate change, associated action plans, implementing agencies, and indicative budget. Among others, the plan recommends the following adaptation actions: promoting climate-smart agriculture, livelihood diversifications, and water catchment protection, building the resilience of at-risk communities, rangeland rehabilitation, and stakeholders’ awareness on climate change and mainstreaming adaptation actions across all county departments. Marsabit County Climate Change Adaptation Policy (2019) is a major milestone in addressing county residents’ vulnerability to climate change. The policy’s overarching objective is to reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate change by building adaptive capacity, enhancing climate change resilience and strengthening capacities for disaster risk reduction. The policy also provides a framework for mainstreaming climate change adaptation in county planning and budgeting cycle, promotes climate change awareness, mechanisms for mobilizing climate finance, and mainstreams gender in the county’s climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts. The policy also creates a robust 35 institutional framework for climate change response, recommends the adoption of specific legislation to better implement locally-led climate change response activities in Marsabit County. Marsabit County Climate Change Fund Act (2020) creates a Fund that will, among others, finance climate change programs in the county, mainstream climate response in the county planning and budgeting cycle, domesticate national climate change policies, support climate change awareness in the county, and create various institutions including community-level structures such as Ward Climate Change Planning Committees. The Act offers guidance on how to access additional finance for climate change interventions, including but not limited to the National Climate Change Fund and mechanisms to leverage Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a vehicles for implementing low carbon climate resilient development activities in the county. Marsabit County Climate Finance Framework (2023-2025). Section 14 of Marsabit County Climate Change Fund Act (2020) mandates the County Government to publish a County Climate Finance framework every three (3) years. Among other objectives, the Framework seeks to unlock financial resources necessary for the implementation of the County Climate Change Policy and County Climate Change Fund Act, establish an optimal mix of policy and financing tools thereby making climate change investments more attractive to private investors, provide assurances that the climate funds are used effectively and guarantee that climate change activities are undertaken as efficiently, mainstream climate change response into county planning and budgeting cycle and promote balanced and fair access to climate funds available so that vulnerable communities have equal access through affirmative action. 36 3. Priority Climate Change Actions

3.1 Strategic climate actions

3.1.1 Priority actions in the PCRA Recurring Droughts: Drought is one of the major hazards in Marsabit County and therefore the choice of the right adaptation strategy and its effectiveness is extremely important. Adaptation strategies proposed during the PCRA: Investing in water harvesting and ground water structures, investing in climate smart agriculture and diversification of livelihoods. Effectiveness of adaptation strategies: Investing in water harvesting and ground water structures has been working well in the drought emergency hotspots within the County. In areas where these interventions have been implemented, return trekking distances to water sources has reduced and waiting time at water sources has also reduced. Water consumption per household per day has increased and the cost of water for a 20 litre jerry can has reduced. While this strategy has been effective, due to the vast geographical coverage of the County, the scope of this work needs to be up-scaled to cover more household and institutions in the far flung areas of the County. Resource-based Conflicts: Most conflicts within Marsabit County are due to scarce water and pasture resources that are located within communally owned rangelands. Adaptation strategies proposed during the PCRA include: investment in water harvesting and ground water structures, promotion of participatory rangeland management and investing in peace building initiative. Effectiveness of adaptation strategies: Through rain water harvesting and ground water structure, conflicts over scarce water and pasture can be reduced when more rain water is harvested and utilized through dams and pans, rock catchments, underground tanks and other appropriate rain water harvesting technologies. Rangeland management and investment into peace building activities can reduce conflicts over shared natural resources and improve communal co-existence and harmony. More of such investment needs to be replicated elsewhere in the County as adaptation strategies for reducing natural resource based conflicts. Human and wild life conflicts can also be reduced when investment into water harvesting infrastructures takes into consideration water for wild-life too. Environmental degradation: Environmental degradation has remained one of the major challenges in Marsabit County. Adaptation strategies proposed during the PCRA include: Proper land management (contours, terraces, bridges, 37 promotion of participatory rangeland management and Sustainable waste management. Effectiveness of adaptation strategies: Intervention into soil and water conservation structures can improve soil moisture content, soil water retention potential and this will greatly contribute to improving the vegetation cover of the degraded rangelands. Livestock and human diseases: Livestock and human diseases affect large population of both the people their livestock in the County. Adaptation strategies proposed during the PCRA include: Control of livestock movement, promotion of participatory rangeland management, mass vaccination of livestock and equipping of health centers with drugs. Effectiveness of adaptation strategies: Control of livestock movement limits transmission of livestock and human diseases. Participatory range management gives the community the ownership of their land resources and therefore sustainability of rangeland management become a collective responsibility of every local person living within that ecosystem. Through vaccination, immunity of both livestock and young children would be strengthened and deaths reduced. Flash floods: In addition to other hazards, we also have major flush flood hotspots in the County. Adaptation strategies proposed during the PCRA include: Timely early warning disseminations, Proper land management and capacity building of communities. Effectiveness of adaptation strategies: Through use of early warning bulletins and advisories provided by Kenya Meteorological Department and National Drought Management Authority to those who are living within flush flood prone areas, lives and livelihood have been saved. Continuous capacity building of the local communities to cope with hazards such as flush floods have increased chances of resilience and building their adaptive capacities during emergencies.

3.1.2 Purpose of the Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan Marsabit County’s ability to cope with the impacts of climate change is compounded by many factors including poverty, weak institutions, poor infrastructure, lack of information, poor access to financial services and conflicts due to scramble for diminishing environmental resources. It is vital that policies and measures for adaptation to climate change are put in place across all the vulnerable sectors in order to minimize the impeding climate change disasters. 38 The delivery of a participatory Action Plan is important for Marsabit County. If the County is to avoid the worst effects of climate change it will need to put in place a conducive and enabling framework and a concerted program of action to combat impact of climate change. An informed public on climate change and its impact is the first step. A second step is the setting up of an institutional framework for strengthening partnership, planning and implementation of climate related sectors activities in the national and county governments, Non State Actors (International organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations) and private sector, pastoralists, farmers and all vulnerable groups. The third is step is consolidation of adaptation priorities through participatory process. The fourth step involves budgetary allocation and implementation of priority actions. The fifth step involves monitoring, evaluation, learning and adapting the lessons learnt for program improvement. The MCCCAAP’s primary focus is ensuring that adaptation and mitigation measures are integrated in the CIDP (2023-2027). This calls for collaborative and joint action with all stakeholders in dealing with impacts of climate change. The emphasis is to prioritize the most vulnerable sectors of the economy namely agriculture/livestock food security, water, forestry, rangelands, health, social infrastructure, trade and education.

3.1.3 Process of developing the Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan The first step involved the development of Marsabit County Participatory Climate Change Risk Assessment (PCRA) Report. The PCRA report identified and ranked the major hazards and risk affecting the local residents of Marsabit County and their livelihoods. The Report has also captured proposed climate adaptation actions that the communities felt, if implemented, would help them build their adaptive capacities to climate change risk/shocks. Relevant reviews of the previous Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan (2018-2022) was done and lessons on what worked well and what did not work well were captured. This process also benefited from climate change priorities in the CIDP (2023-2027). At this stage, CIDP priorities were merged with climate actions proposed during the PCRA process to aid implementation through the county planning and expenditure framework. Multi-stakeholder validation workshop took place and feedback from the public was incorporated into the revised plan. The second draft of the plan was presented to the Cabinet for approval. Upon approval by the Cabinet, it was presented to the County Assembly for adoption. The adoption of the plan by the County Assembly would now pave way for the implementation of locally led climate actions as envisaged in Marsabit County Climate Change Fund Act (2020). 39 Once adopted at the County level, the Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan (2023-2027) will also feed into the National Climate Change Action Plan (2023-2027), Vision 2030, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other National and International Climate Change priorities. Finally, a ceremonial launch of the new Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan (2023-2027) was done by the Governor and copies of the Document released to the public

3.1.4 Vision, Mission and Objectives Vision: A prosperous and climate-resilient County Mission: To strengthen county-wide actions towards adapting to and mitigating against a changing climate by engaging all stakeholders while taking into vulnerable groups. Objectives: To respond to climate change by: • Assessing the evidence and impact of climate change in Marsabit County; • Recommending robust adaptation measures in all priority vulnerable sectors to minimize risks associated with climate change while maximizing opportunities; • Enhancing understanding of climate change and its impact for stakeholders, relevant cli-mate related departments, non-state actors and local communities; • Recommending research and technological needs and avenues for transferring existing technologies; • Providing a conducive and enabling policy, legal and institutional framework to combat climate change; and • Providing concerted action plan, resources mobilization plan and monitoring and evaluation plan.

3.2 Sectoral Climate Change Action Priorities The County is extremely susceptible to impacts of a changing climate because most livelihoods and economic activities are reliant on climate sensitive sectors. The most vulnerable sectors impacted on by climate change are Water and Sanitation, Agriculture and Livestock, Fisheries, Environment, Forestry, Education, social infrastructure. Understanding of hazards, causes and risk helped in identifying climate action priorities as per below table 40 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk Drought Water and Increased Erratic rain Invest in water -Storm water harvesting Sololo, Obbu, Sanitation scarcity of development through construction of 5 Towship, Hellu water Prolong dry spell infrastructure mega dams Manyattta, -Investment technologies Golbo, Sololol, Water over abstraction Proper water to reduce water loses Uran, Maikona, Inadequate governance and increase revenue Illeret,Dukana, into 12 replicable and N.horr, Turbi, Implement water Environmental destruction scalable business models Laisamis, (wetlands) related (Water ATMs 12No) Korr/ngurunit, policies/framework -Purchase of 1000 plastic Kargi/south s water tanks for each horr, Logologo, ward in the county; Loiyangalani Clear rapid -Promotion of water response plan harvesting, retention and during drought re-charge technologies – Invest in check dams/weir construction technology in -Establish 8 strategic and water provision contingency boreholes in rangelands fall back grazing areas; - Strengthen capacity building of 15 water resource user associations / WUAs -Development of 3 sub catchment management plans -Review and update 1 water & sanitation training manuals to 41 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk strengthen WUAs/WRUAs Increase of Prolong dry spell; shortage of Provision of water -Conduct Sagante, water borne water through water regular/quarterly water Township, diseases structure quality testing & Illeret, Hellu investment monitoring based on Manyatta, WRA / NEMA guidelines Promotion of -Increasing urban & rural hygiene practices; domestic water supplies community led & urban sewage services total sanitation to help combating water (CLTs) borne diseases, their social & economic Support home impacts by connecting based and 5000 household to tap institution water water treatments -Conduct 8 Community awareness for promotion of better hygiene campaigns Agriculture Reduction in Low soil moisture Initiate modern Saku, Sagante, Livestock yield and tradition soil -Promotion of 4 Karare, Delayed onset of rain erosion/conservati community based Logologo, Sololo Increase in on techniques adaptation strategies, and Uran household food Poor farming techniques like seed bulking of Promotion of drought tolerant Increase in Late planting climate smart traditional food crops livestock/huma agriculture n diseases Recurring drought -Development of canals and water Invest in early harvesting/irrigation Loss of livestock Harvesting losses warning systems accessories to facilitate and infrastructure irrigation in high yielding 42 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk Inadequate farming techniques boreholes and skills Investment in strategic livestock -Promote flood based Inadequate livestock markets markets irrigation in six sites Establish markets -Promoting Climate days Smart Agriculture (CSA) -Promoting improved post-harvest storage and management of crops; and -Supporting weather index-based crop insurance to cushion farmers against crop failure and livestock loses due to drought. -Promotion of 2,500 appropriate water harvesting technology for household level crop production; sack gardens, shade nets, sustainable green houses, Zai Pits; and -Train 80 extension officers on agricultural extension services 43 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk Loss of livestock Weak livestock body condition -Strengthen natural -Construction of one Laisamis, North resources livestock laboratory and 4 horr, Moyale -Environmental degradation governance cattle dips and Saku systems - Overgrazing -Investment in Construction/completion livestock of 1 abattoir production -Strengthening of 400 -Strengthen disease reporters disease -Strengthen disease surveillance surveillance and regular -Support livestock vaccination to reduce market during disease normal conditions outbreaks;500,000,000 livestock’s vaccinated -Support 4 Livestock value chain addition -Management and conservation of drought tolerant livestock breeds suitable for the County ecosystems; 500 herders capacity built -Promotion of economic diversification among pastoral communities (emerging livestock / game farming;220 WCCPC capacity build -Capacity building on livestock / livestock by- products value addition and production system 44 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk that is orientated to market. -Strengthen the strategies (e.g. grazing reserves, communal fodder enclosures) used by communities to adapt to climate variability to reduce and manage the risks of natural disasters; -Strengthen indexed based livestock insurance schemes for 10000 HH against adverse effects of droughts shocks -Support regular livestock marketing systems to cushion pastoralists against drought; -Construction of 4 livestock market -Assess status of strategic infrastructure along major stock routes for rehabilitation -Promote 50 Ha commercial pasture production, seed banks and strategic feed reserves including alternative feed resources as part of 45 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk contingency planning; -Strengthen grazing management committees, environmental management committees for enforcement of good grazing practices; and -Landscape/rangeland restoration, reseeding, and fodder production Environment, Loss of Delayed onset of rains Environment -Protect and conserve 4 Central, Forestry an Land biodiversity conservation water catchment Loiyangalani/Mt use Overgrazing awareness areas/watersheds, rivers Kulal, Sololo, Human wildlife banks, spring / water Sagante, Karare, conflict Water over abstraction Restoration of ways and flood plains Logologo, Uran degraded from degradation and Environmental Emerging/spread of invasive rangelands contamination; degradation species -Establishment of 3 mega Increase County nurseries and initiate tree Illegal charcoal burning/logging tree cover growing campaigns - Promote environment Extreme flooding Storm water clean up days management -Develop Marsabit Investment in County Climate Finance locally led climate Framework action structures -Formation, training and induction of Ward Develop and Climate Change Planning actualize Committees all the wards environment and -Develop and implement climate change locally-led climate 46 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk related resilience actions polices/legal -Disseminate early frameworks warning information by ward to enhance -Increase public preparedness awareness -Identify and assess campaigns on pockets of degraded natural resource forest areas in county for and ecosystem rehabilitation ; management for -Restoration of communities in key forests/woodlands on the biodiversity degraded rangelands ecologies through planting of suitable tree species and in-situ conservation and regeneration of indigenous tree; and -Promote greening program in schools through establishing 5 trees nurseries and planting over 10,00 seedlings; and -Strengthening capacity of community-based forest management committee/associations (CFAs, EMCs) for the conservation of close canopy forests and woodlands -Support communities of 47 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk interest to gazette 5 fragile ecosystems like springs, forest buffer zones, riverine, watersheds etc. -Support alternative livelihood opportunities to charcoal/firewood as a source of income (distribution of energy saving jikos to 1000 households Fisheries (Blue Low fish catch Over harvesting of fish Investment in cold -Supporting livelihood Illeret and economy) chain to increase diversification strategies Loiyangalani Fishing from breading sites fish shelf life which add value within the fisheries sector, Overgrazing of livestock at fish Provision of fishing promotion of formal and breading sites gears informal job creation, Increase in water temperature self-employment and during pro-long dry spell Protection of entrepreneurship breeding sites relevant to the need of both women and men; -Training of 15 Beach Management Units (BMUs) to carry out fisheries monitoring, control and surveillances; -Identifying and protecting 4 core fish breeding sites to minimize unsustainable fisheries practices and 48 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk habitat destruction; and -Strengthening community participation in fisheries resources management and value addition. -Domesticate National fisheries policies, and regulation -Provision of appropriate fishing technologies -Conduct fisheries resources survey -Develop 5 cold storage and drying facilities to reduce post-harvest losses -Local campaigns on fish utilization and marketing fish products -Training fisher folks on hygiene handling of fish and fish products Education Low school Pupils move with livestock during Investment in -100 Climate-proofed enrollment migration when looking for mobile schools construction of ECDE pasture and water classrooms Support school -19 Uni-huts installed for Water scarcity at school feeding programs mobile ECDE schools to during drought cover pastoralist families Food availability at school moving with their Initiate food for children Lack of fees fees programs -40 Energy-saving stoves 49 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk during hast times and equipment supplied Destruction of schools to ECDE schools infrastructure by wind and floods -24 Plastic/collapsible water tanks installed -Water pipeline extension from the nearest source to 7 ECDE school -Construction of 4 sub- county ECDE food stores for enhanced supply chain management -Capitation of 83,000 ECDE leaners to ease school fees payment on parents -Expansion of ECDE school feeing program to reduce malnutrition in the county 80,000 learners fed on nutritious CSB+ -Expansion of empowerment programs for 470 vulnerable youth Health Increased Food insecurity at household Conduct SMART -Strengthened capacity of Sololo, Obbu, spread of level survey to inform emergency response, Towship, Hellu human and the intervention early detection, Manyattta, livestock Loss of livelihood-livestock prevention, and Golbo, Sololol, diseases Spray mosquitos treatment of wasting. Uran, Maikona, Poor hygiene practices breeding ground -Support health facilities Illeret,Dukana, Increase in pest to conduct mass N.horr, Turbi, 50 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk diseases-Locus Link nutrition to screening of malnutrition Laisamis, homegrown cases Korr/ngurunit, Increase in vegetables/crops- -Training of health Kargi/south malnutrition kitchen gardening workers to deliver horr, Logologo, rate among effective nutrition Loiyangalani under 5, services Pregnant and -Strengthening evidence- Lactation based nutrition planning, mothers information, budgeting and implementation through SMART surveys -High-level nutrition advocacy at the county level to enhance budgetary allocation -Integration of nutrition and climate change concerns in the training and service delivery by CHVs -Enhance surveillance of climate-related diseases and manage outbreaks including the development of Malaria Outbreak Preparedness Plan -Formulate Marsabit County Environmental Health and Sanitation Policy -Train healthcare workers 51 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk on malaria case management -Procure and distribute mosquito nets (LLiTN) -Trigger villages on the CLTS model as a means of improving sanitation especially in the flood- prone areas Social Infrastructure Loss of life Provide guidelines -Strengthening disaster Central, infrastructures destruction on standard preparedness through Township, Transport destructions climate proof improved public health Sololo, Uran infrastructure systems (including Obbu, Increase in food prices personnel, infrastructure, Loiyngalani, Korr Construction of medicine and and Laisamis climate proof equipment); infrastructure -Support spatial planning in urban centers and Cleaning of areas prone to disasters; drainage before -Formation and onset of rain strengthening of resident / committees Units that Proper solid waste can respond to management emergencies and involving them in key decision making; -Establishment of disaster management response committee in towns and municipalities; -Develop disaster response plans based 52 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk periodic assessments and surveillance reports -Formulate County Climate-Proofing Strategy to enhance compliance when designing and developing county infrastructure projects Resources based conflict Water and Water insecurity -Ethnicity indifferences Strengthen water -Promotion of tradition Sanitation -Land degradation governance governance system in -Shortage of human and livestock systems resource management to water use reduce conflict -Unclear boundary issues Map and Equip -Development of by-laws -Ethnicity/tribalism strategic water in resource benefit Political incitement structures in sharing conflict zone areas -Organizing for peace meetings in worrying Invest in resources communities sharing agreement -Investment in water among worrying structures to increase communities water availabilities for livestock and household Rehabilitate use degraded -Resolve boundary issues rangeland -Fast track of community land registration Agriculture Loss of livestock Competition over scarce water Initiate grazing -Develop wet and dry Saku, Sagante, and and pasture resources patterns grazing patterns Karare, Livestock Loss of lives -Facilitate 10 community Logologo, Sololo 53 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk Unclear boundaries Strengthen perception resource and Uran tradition maps Bad cultural practices governance -Digitalization of 10 systems community perception resources maps Conduct -Initiate reseeding in community degraded land and resources mapping establish pasture farms and clean plan on to have more pasture sustainable during drought utilizations Environment, Loss of bio-diversity Over harvesting in few areas to Initiate grazing -Develop wet and dry Saku, Karare, Forestry an avoid conflict zone areas patterns grazing plans Sagante, Land use Loiyangalani/Mt Illegal charcoal during Environmental -Support natural Kulal, Sololo, conservation resources governance Hurri hills Increase in climate change awareness system immigrant-destruction in resettling -Environmental awareness programs -Trainings on environmental conservation Education Loss of live Increase trauma in learners Support peace -Initiate and support Laisamis, N.horr, ambassador peace ambassador Moyale and Destruction of leaning sessions program Saku Initiate peace talks Loss of loves ones among learners -Provide security to schools that are affected during hash times 54 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk -Support food programs Human and Livestock Diseases Water and Loss of lives -Water borne diseases Water treatment -Support household and N.horr, Laisamis, Sanitation through contamination of institution water Moyale, Saku water from livestock carcass Hygiene promotion treatment -Promote home based Proper solid and liquid water treatment waste management -Carrying of hygiene training and promotion activities –Community led total sanitation Agriculture and Low yield -Weak livestock body -Mass vaccination and -Mass vaccination and Saku,Sagante, Livestock) production condition strategic treatment strategic treatment Karare, -Terminal illness -Livestock and crops Logologo, Sololo Livestock - weak livestock immunity disease surveillance - livestock and crop and Uran mortalities -increased vector population -Strengthen diseases disease surveillance or new/emerging pathogens reporters -crop infestation by pest -institute vector control measures -control of pests in crop field Education Low turn up in -Loss of live Water treatment -Support water Saku, Laisamis, school treatment North horr, Hygiene promotion -Installation of hand washing facilities and Proper solid and liquid improve sanitation waste management facilities 55 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk -Carrying of hygiene training and promotion activities – Community/school led total sanitation Flooding Water and -Destruction of -Soil erosion -Proper site location to Sololo, Uran, Sanitation water structures - avoid construction of -Construction of dykes Korr, Laisamis, -High winds/cyclones water structure in and dams to harvest Logologo, flood prone areas storm water loiyangalani -Soil erosion control measures -Practice construction of gabions in water structure at risk of erosion Agriculture and Loss of -Crops washed away by flush - livestock vaccination Saku, Sagante, Livestock) crops/yield floods against RVF and other -Adoption of flood based Karare, - livestock being drown by flood related diseases’ irrigation system for crop Logologo, Sololo Livestock flooding water -Adopt flood based and fodder production and Uran mortality -Outbreak of diseases related irrigation for to flooding e.g. Rift Valley crop/pasture - Vaccination of livestock Fever production in flood and vector control to -Increase in population of hot spot areas prevent outbreak of RVF vectors and other risk factor -vector control to -Animals getting stuck in mud protect livestock from following flooding episodes disease transmission - pastoralists/local community awareness creation on flood and its effects Education Low turn Destruction of school Diversion of water infrastructure Storm water harvesting 56 Sector Risk Stressor/shock/cause/what is Adaptation strategies Climate action Priorities Wards behind the risk Proper inclusion of to reduce intensity Disruption f learning social and environment risk Construction of Loss of lives assessment to identify dykes/check dams to anticipated risk divert water Social Infrastructural destruction Provide guidelines on Sololo, Uran, infrastructure construction of -Construction of dykes Korr, Laisamis, Road transport interference climate proof and dams to harvest Logologo, infrastructure storm water loiyangalani Market destruction -Practice construction of gabions in high risk erosion site 57 4. Delivery Mechanisms for the Action Plan

4.1 Enabling Factors

4.1.1 Enabling Policy and Regulation County Governments are the “first line of responders” to community challenges including negative impacts of climate change like droughts, floods, sea level rises and resource conflicts. In any case, climate-sensitive sectors such as, agriculture, health, disaster management and water services are now devolved. An enabling policy environment provides counties with an opportunity for effective response to climate change. Article 185 and 186 of the Constitution of Kenya (2010) empowers County Governments to develop policies for better implementation of devolved functions. The national Climate Change Act (2016) also mandates counties to mainstream climate change actions in their policies, plans, and budgets. The County Government of Marsabit has initiated measures aimed at strengthening its climate governance. These include, among others, mainstreaming climate change in the Marsabit County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP; 2023-2027) and adoption of other climate governance frameworks including the Marsabit County Climate Change Action Plan (2018-2022), Marsabit County Climate Change Policy (2019), Marsabit County Climate Change Fund Act (2020), Marsabit County Climate Change Fund (Rules and Regulations) and Marsabit County Climate Finance Framework (2023-2025). The Act puts in place a framework for facilitating communities to respond effectively to effects of climate change through appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures. The Act also creates an elaborate institutional structure to drive implementation. Most importantly, the Act creates a county-level Climate Change Fund. Among other sources of finance, the Fund will benefit from moneys appropriated annually by the County Assembly, moneys received from the National Climate Change Fund, moneys from international climate finance mechanisms, and donations by development partners.

4.1.2 Mainstreaming in the CIDP Climate change affects fundamental economic, social and environmental aspects of Marsabit County’s development. Climate change is multi-faceted and impacts all sectors of the County economy. To achieve scale and impact, climate change actions must be integrated in all county programs. For coordinated actions on climate change and to ensure that all sectors significantly contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation, such actions must be included in all county planning and budgeting processes. 58 The Marsabit County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP; 2023-2027) is the county’s 5-year master plan for socio-economic development. The CIDP forms the basis for allocation of resources to County projects. It is one of the primary development blue prints for Counties to engage the public and prioritize critical areas of development. Indeed, the County Government Act (2012) provides that no public funds shall be appropriated outside a planning framework developed by the county executive committee and approved by the county assembly. The county planning framework shall integrate economic, physical, social, environmental and spatial matters. The CIDP informs the county’s budget which shall be based on the annual development priorities and performance targets. CIDP is also a critical entry point for the public engagement in the county’s planning and development. The Annual Development Plan (ADP) contains strategic priorities for the medium term and reflects the county government’s plans for the specified year. It is usually derived from the 5-year CIDP and it informs the following: strategic priorities to which the program will contribute; services or goods to be provided; measurable indicators of performance; and allocated budget estimates to the program. The County Executive shall submit the ADP to the County Assembly for approval by 1 September in each year, with a copy to the Commission on Revenue Allocation and National Treasury.

4.1.3 Multi-stakeholder participation processes Public participation is a thread that runs throughout the Constitution of Kenya (2010) and other enabling legislation, among others, the County Government Act (2012) and the Public Finance Management Act (2013). The climate crisis cannot afford the loss of any allies. Therefore, there is need to involve relevant stakeholders in identifying climate risks, prioritizing climate response actions, implementation of climate change adaptation and mitigation programs, evaluation of program impacts and tweaking response strategies based on lessons learnt. It is particularly important to involve frontline communities affected by climate change for they also have ideas on how to better design and implement government response measures. The following agencies will play the role assigned to them as stated below: National Government: The role of Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies will be to develop and establish standards and norms for ensuring mainstreaming, prevention and adaptation to climate change and further provide technical support in implementing adaptation and mitigation strategies. County Governments: The role of the county will be to create a favorable environment for all stakeholders to thrive. County Government will establish, promote and implement set standards and norms, prepare and implement actions plans, facilitate public education on climate change. Within this policy 59 framework, Governments at the two levels will foster linkages with various development partners to provide financial, material and technical support as well as shape capacity for sustainability. The County government will facilitate research in collaboration with research institutions and academia Development Partners: Development partners will play a complementary role towards realization of development of the goals and objectives of this policy. In particular, they will assist in leveraging resources and facilitating capacity support for climate change resilience, prevention and adaptation. The role of non-state actors will be to collaborate with Government to mobilize communities and resources, disseminate the policy and participate in capacity building for both for all stakeholders. This support will include awareness in the various aspects of climate change. Private sector: The private sector has played an important role in helping communities such as small holder farmers adapt to climate change while simultaneously supporting market integration.. This policy prioritizes actions such as climate smart agricultural technologies, value addition, and extension that are of interest to the private sector. Communities: Public policy is formulated for the protection of communities. Citizens are the main pillars of the policy and have to actively be involved in the implementation of this policy including being actively engaged in monitoring, evaluation and learning. They have a duty to be engaged and be allowed to contribute effectively. Communities are expected to exercise their sovereignty by holding duty bearers and all other agencies to account.

4.1.4 Resource mobilization strategy Devolution of climate funds remains a major priority for climate financing in Kenya because it ensures that resources reach the neediest. County governments provide a good opportunity to create institutional linkages for devolving funds from the national to local level. Climate finance is also critical in enabling Marsabit County to achieve goals set out in in the third generation County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP 2023-2027), Vision 2030 economic blueprint, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the 2015 Paris Agreement, and the African Union Agenda 2063. With the onset of climate change, Marsabit and other counties have established local climate change fund through the Climate Change Fund Mechanisms (CCCF). CCCF is a mechanism through which counties can create, access and use climate finance from different sources to build communities resilience and reduce vulnerabilities to a changing climate in a more coordinated way. The county climate finance mechanisms creates the county climate finance committees consisting of the ward planning committees to ensure the following principles are well inculcated in the administration of the funds. 60 Section 14 of Marsabit County Climate Change Fund Act (2020) mandates the County Government to publish a County Climate Finance framework every three (3) years. Among other objectives, the Marsabit County Climate Finance Framework (2023-2025) seeks to unlock financial resources necessary for the implementation of the County Climate Change Policy and County Climate Change Fund Act, establish an optimal mix of policy and financing tools thereby making climate change investments more attractive to private investors, coordinate the implementation and reporting mechanisms of climate finance in the county through a responsive monitoring and evaluation framework, provide assurances that the climate funds are used effectively and guarantee that climate change activities are undertaken as efficiently, mainstream climate change response into county planning and budgeting cycle and promote balanced and fair access to climate funds available so that vulnerable communities have equal access through affirmative action.

4.1.5 Climate Information Services & Climate Data Access Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) has been giving climate information for many years but the uptake has been limited due to a number of reasons including, among others, relevance of the climate information services and channels of communication. This Action Plan recommends the development of Marsabit County Climate Information Services (CIS) Plan. The CIS Plan will collect, consolidate, analyze and disseminate down-scaled weather and climate information which can support ward, sub-county and county-level decision making processes. Most importantly, the CIS Plan will give priority to information that can enable farmers, fisher folks, traders and others make climate-smart decisions well advance of slow-onset disasters like floods and droughts. This Action Plan is aware that timely communication of climate information helps prevent the economic setbacks and humanitarian disasters that can result from climate extremes and long-term climate change. The CIS Plan will also play a crucial role in development planning—both for managing development opportunities and risks and as well as mitigation and adaptation. Operationalization of the CIS Plan is resource-intensive and requires financial and human resources that are mobilized well beyond the government provisions. This is where collaboration between state and non-state actors in Marsabit comes in.

4.1.6 Resilience Planning Tools Resilience is a multidimensional issue that is based on human, social, natural, productive, financial and political capital – yet the institutions involved in implementing resilience interventions have their own sector- specific views on which one of these building blocks counts more than others. In such a situation, 61 a shared understanding of the multi- pronged nature of resilience can help county governments to position different projects as different building blocks of resilience and understand how they fit into the overall picture. There are several resilience planning tools in use by both state and non-state actors. Therefore, this Action Plan will use a mix of these planning tools, albeit within the county planning and budgeting cycle. Planning and budgeting tools: The CIDP forms the basis for allocation of resources to County projects. It is one of the primary development blue prints for Counties to engage the public and prioritize critical areas of development. The CIDP integrates economic, physical, social, environmental and spatial matters. The CIDP informs the county’s budget which shall be based on the annual development priorities and performance targets. The CIDP is also a critical entry point for the public engagement in the county’s planning and development. Conversely, the Annual Development Plan (ADP) contains strategic priorities for the medium term and reflects the county government’s plans for the specified year. Once the ADP priorities are subjected to budget ceilings, the next step is development of annual budget to resource the implementation of priority actions, including climate change adaptation and mitigation. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) is an innovative multi- stakeholder initiative to improve analysis and decision-making on food security and nutrition. Using the IPC classification and analytical approach, governments, UN agencies, NGOs, and other stakeholders work together to determine the severity and extent of acute and chronic food insecurity and acute malnutrition situations within countries, according to internationally recognized standards. Early Warning Bulletins: The National Drought Management Authority Act (2016) mandates the Authority to exercise overall coordination over all matters relating to drought risk management and to establish mechanisms, either on its own or with stakeholders that will end drought emergencies in Kenya. The Government, together with development partners under the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) in collaboration with the respective County Steering Groups (CSGs) routinely carry out the seasonal Long /Short Rains Food and Nutritional Security Assessment. NDMA also publishes Drought Early Warning Bulletin especially focusing on the counties at risk. It is this information that informs the decision to declare “drought a national disaster” by the President following which certain drastic response measures are initiated. NDMA also relies on the IPC data. Community Managed Disaster Risk reduction (CMDRR) is an empowering process where a community systematically manages its disaster risks for increased resilience. It places community at the center of participatory disaster 62 risk assessment, planning and implementation. It emphasizes the importance of communities being empowered to prepare and respond to micro level hazards and link their efforts to government processes for sustainability. Contingency plans and development plans generated from the CMDRR process often inform ward-level priorities by the county government or even development partners. Participatory Climate Risk Assessment (PCRA) Tool: Marsabit County PCRA report informed the priorities in this Action Plan. Climate risk assessment is essential in identifying climate risks, impacts and priority resilience options to build local capacities through locally-led action. The participatory climate risk assessment (PCRA) results in the development of a county climate risk assessment report, which identifies the key climate risks for the county as well as strategic investment areas for climate resilience. Other resilience planning tools include Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, the Coping Strategy Index (CSI), vulnerability assessment and Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool. Marsabit County Climate Finance Framework (2022): The Marsabit County Climate Change Act (2020) mandates the County Government to publish a County Climate Finance framework every three (3) years. Among other objectives, the framework addresses the status of climate change awareness in the county, impact of climate change in the county, human activities in the county that impact climate change, and climate change adaptation and mitigation activities relevant to the county. Therefore, the Climate Finance Framework compliments both the CIDP and Action Plan in coming up with priority actions on climate response.

4.1.7 Measurement, Reporting and Verification Monitoring and Evaluation System (NIMES) as a mechanism for tracking climate finance implementation under the Medium-Term Plan (MTP IV) of Kenya’s Vision 2030. At the county level, results management is undertaken through the County Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System (CIMES) that is linked to NIMES. However, incomplete policy reform has meant that majority of counties lack dedicated M&E departments and, where they exist, they seldom have adequate capacity to effectively discharge their mandate. This Action Plan reinforces Kenya’s global commitments regarding climate change reporting. Kenya is part of the transparency framework under the Paris Agreement and is expected to provide frequent information (at least biennially) on the support required and needed under Articles 9 (Finance for mitigation and adaptation) and technology development (10) and transfer (11) capacity building. The Public Finance Management Act, 2012 also provides a framework for tracking and reporting on climate finance. Besides, the CIDP allows counties to develop SMART indicators on climate change to help track climate response. 63 The Financing Locally-Led Climate Actions (FLLoCA) Monitoring and Evaluation Manual also helps program implementers (like Marsabit County), to understand M&E procedures and processes for the program, decide how progress will be monitored to enable any adjustments where necessary and gather the necessary information to be used during various evaluation studies. Taken together, this Action Plan seeks to support a robust monitoring and evaluation system that is linked to CIMES to track the impacts of climate investments in the county. The M&E System twill also track the effectiveness of climate actions being implemented, lessons learnt and necessary tweaks based on what is working and what is not working.

4.2 Implementation and Coordination Mechanisms

4.2.1 Coordination structures Climate risk management strategies in Marsabit County are implemented mainly through the collaboration between various actors, both state and non-state. Government departments mainly provide technical support and policy direction in collaboration with non-state actors provide the research, funding, and implementation for the adaptations. Even though there is a good deal of collaboration among the various stakeholders mentioned, there is lack of an institutionalized framework for structuring and organizing the collaborations between actors. This lack of structured interaction contributes to a lack of accountability on the part of the actors. Institutional arrangements are critical in implementation and coordination of climate change actions. The cross-cutting nature of climate change requires that all sectors are involved at different levels in implementation. It is drawing from the partners’ knowledge, expertise and financial contributions that will make it possible for the county to realize its climate change goals. The implementation of the policy, and the roles assigned to each implementing agency will respect the functional distribution of roles between the two levels of government as provided for in the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution (2010). As per MCCAP 2019 and MCCFA 2020 Climate Change actions are being spearheaded by climate change unit which work closely with County Climate Change Steering committee (CCCSC) who comprise of Governor, sector CECMs, representation of non-stake actors, County Climate Change Planning Committee (CCCPC) which comprise of climate sensitive directors and Ward Climate Change Planning Committee (WCCPC) which comprise of community representative, ward administrators who is secretary and environmental/climate change officers and ward manager who provide technical support. The structure has embraced locally led actions where climate intervention are implemented once the WCCPC has submitted their priorities. 64

4.2.1.1 County Climate Change Steering Committee This is higher level structure that provides leadership and support to county climate change actions. Some of their functions as per the act are • Approve and oversee implementation of the Climate Finance framework in the County; • Approve the Fund Eligibility Criteria developed by the County Planning Committee; • Approve the Climate Change Awareness Strategy developed by the County Planning Committee; • Approve the climate change projects and programs list compiled by the Fund Administrator; • Ensure that projects approved for funding conform to the Climate Finance Framework; • Approve and oversee execution of the County Climate Finance Budget in compliance with the Public Finance Management principles under article 201 of the Constitution of Kenya; • Oversee the coordination of research and development for climate finance in the County; • Approve the list of pre-qualified research consultants for Climate Finance research in the County; • Approve the curriculum for capacity building and climate change awareness in the County; • Mobilize additional funding for projects, programs and activities listed in the Climate Finance Framework; • Provide the essential linkages between the County Executive Committee and the County Assembly with regard to management of the Fund; • Approve a Strategic Plan and Service Charter for the Fund developed by the County Planning Committee; Approve the ward and county-wide disbursement proposals by the Fund Administrator

4.2.1.2 County Climate Change Planning Committee This comprise of sectoral County and National Directors to provide technical support. Some of their functions as per the Act are • Develop a Climate Finance Framework for the County; • Develop, consultatively, Eligibility Criteria for selecting and prioritizing climate change projects and programs for approval by the Steering Committee; • Evaluate, validate and recommend climate change proposals developed by the Ward Planning Committee and submit to the Steering Committee for approval; 65 • Oversight to the project evaluation process by the Ward Planning Committee and prepare appropriate reports to the Climate Change Fund Steering Committee; • Facilitate and monitor the implementation of projects and programs financed by the Fund in the County; • Develop a Climate Finance research priority needs for the county; • Develop a Climate Awareness Strategy for the County; • Develop a Strategic Plan and Service Charter for the Fund; • Assign and coordinate technical assistance from County departments to projects funded under this Act; • Facilitate the coordination of Climate Finance projects and programs with other programs in the County

4.2.1.3 Ward Climate Change Planning Committee This is locally led structure to spear head locally led climate actions at ward level. The Act has given more provision for ward participation in sustainable climate change adaptation and mitigation by participating in climate risk/hazard assessment, look into historical timeline, trend and future climate projection and from well informed perspective prioritize climate change adaptation to build local adaptive capacity. Some of their functions as per the act are • Consult with the community on the relevant Climate Finance activities at the Ward level; • Facilitate public participation at the Ward level to develop and prioritise proposals for investments in public goods that promote climate change mitigation and adaptation; • Receive project proposals from the community at the Ward level and develop technical components of the project proposals; • Monitor project implementation at the Ward level; • Prepare the Climate Finance Budget at the ward level; • Ensure compliance with the provisions in this Act and regulations made hereunder; • Prepare ward level project reports 66 GOVERNOR CECM-CLIMATE STEERING COMMITTEE CHANGE (CECM, COS, CS) CHIEF OFFICER-Env’t $CC COUNTY CC FUND PLANNING DIRECTOR CC &ENV- COMMITTEE FUND ADMINISTRATOR (SECTORS DIRECTORS, CS) ACCOUNTANT PROCUREMENT ENV’T & SOCIAL Monitoring OFFICER OFFICER SAFEGUARD and Evaluation OFFICER WARD CLIMATE CHANGE PLANNING COMMITTEE Figure 6: Marsabit County Climate governance structure 67

4.3 Implementation Matrix Table 4: Implementation Matrix Sector Water and Sanitation Objective To enhance water availability and access for people, irrigation and livestock Outcome County economy enhanced through provision portable water Action Priority Output Key Planned target and indicative budget in Millions (Ksh) performance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Indictor Targ Cos Target Cos Target Cos Targ Cos Total Source et t t t et t Budget Funds Investment into 12 Water meters No of water 2 1.2 4 2.4 3 1.8 3 1.8 7.2 CCCF replicable and scalable purchased kiosks installed NCCF business models (Water FLLoCA ATMs for revenue with water Develop collection and water ATMs ment governance system partners strengthening) Private sector Purchase of 1000 plastic Plastic tanks No of plastic to 250 12. 250 12. 250 12. 250 12. 50 water tanks for each purchased be purchased 5 5 5 5 ward in the county Promotion of water Dams No of sand 2 5 3 7.5 1 2.5 4 10 25 harvesting, retention dams/check dams/check and re-charge technologies through dams dams construction of various constructed constructed water harvesting structures Storm water harvesting 3 medium size No of medium 2 60 1 30 2 60 0 0 150 through construction of 3 dams size dams medium size pans constructed constructed Establish 8 strategic and 8 strategic No of boreholes 2 9.6 2 9.6 2 9.6 2 9.6 38.4 contingency boreholes boreholes equipped/drilled in rangelands fall back grazing areas; drilled/equipped Protect and conserve 4 4 water No of degraded 2 3 1 1.5 1 1.5  0 6 water catchment catchment water areas/watersheds, rivers 68 banks, spring / water protected and catchment ways and flood plains conserved rehabilitated from degradation and contamination; Conduct regular/quality Quarterly water No of water 6 2.2 4 0.8 4 0.8 4 0.8 4.6 water quality testing & testing quality testing monitoring based on WRA / NEMA guidelines conducted conducted Strengthen capacity 15 15 No of water 5 1 3 0.6 3 0.6 4 0.8 3 building of water WUAs/WRUAs users trained resource user associations / WUAs on capacity build water harvesting, storage, conservation measures and maintenance and operations; Review and update Water and Water and 1 5.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5 water & sanitation sanitation Sanitation training manuals to strengthen WUAs/WRUAs manual reviewed manual updated Increasing urban & rural 5000 household Km of return 1000 15 2000 30 1000 15 1000 15 75 domestic water supplies connected to tap trekking & urban sewage services to help combating water distance water borne diseases, reduced their social & economic Reduction in impacts by connecting water borne 5000 household to tap diseases water Conduct 8 Community 8 community No of hygiene 2 4.8 2 4.8 2 4.8 2 4.8 19.2 awareness for promotion hygiene awareness of better hygiene; awareness campaigns campaigns conducted conducted Heightened surveillances Surveillance No of diseases 1 2.5 1 1.8 1 1.8 1 1.8 7.9 of new disease exercise water related outbreaks with subsequent rapid conducted surveillances responses to control conducted 69 epidemics; Develop Marsabit MCCCFF MCCFF 0 0 3.8 0 0 0 0 0 3.8 County Climate Finance developed developed Framework Formation, training and 220 WCCPC No of climate 50 7.5 60 9 80 12 30 4.5 33 induction of Ward trained change related Climate Change Planning Committees trainings conducted Develop and implement Locally led No of locally led 5 35 3 20 3 20 3 20 95 locally-led climate climate action climate action I resilience actions initiated initiated and sustained Disseminate early EWI No of localized 1 2.8 1 2.8 0 0 0 0 5.6 warning information by disseminated early warning ward to enhance preparedness information platform created No of meetings conducted to disseminate EWIs Total 176 133 142 81. 525.4 .6 .3 .9 6 Agriculture and Livestock Objective To enhance food availability at household level Outcome Own food production enhanced Promotion of 4 4 community Kgs of seed bulk 0 0 2 5.5 2 5.5 0 0 11 CCCF community based based adaptation harvested and NCCF adaptation strategies, FLLoCA like seed bulking of strategies reseeded Developm drought tolerant adopted ent traditional food crops partners with greater adaptations Private to extreme temperatures sector and rainfall events; Development of canals Irrigation Km of pipeline 5k 6.5 5 6.5 5 6.5 5 6.5 26 and water 70 harvesting/irrigation schemes/canals extension done m accessories to facilitate established Increase of irrigation in high yielding boreholes household food basket No of meals taken per day Provision of financial and Financial and Areas of land 2 3 1 1.5 2 3 0 0 7.5 technical assistance to technical under cultivation expand area under high value traditional drought assistance No of groups tolerant crops (DTC) and provided to 5 supported drought escaping crops; groups Support to 2 2 demonstration No of 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 3 6 demonstration and on- farms demonstration farm trials on pest and disease resistant established farms varieties; constructed Promoting Climate Smart CSA technologies No of CSA 0 0 2 5 3 7.5 2 5 17.5 Agriculture (CSA) adopted technologies through agro-forestry to increase rainwater promoted infiltration, reduced floods, reduced soil erosion, improve soil quality, fast growing perennial tree crops; Promoting improved Post harvesting No of improved 0 0 2 6 0 0 1 3 18 post-harvest storage and storage and storage crops management of crops; and management of facilities crops improved constructed Supporting weather Weather index- No of household 100 2.5 200 5 500 12.5 100 2.5 22.5 index-based crop based crop enrolled in insurance to cushion farmers against crop farming systems weather index- failure due to drought. adopted based crop farming systems Promotion of flood 4 flood based No of flood 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 20 based farming systems in irrigation based irrigation four areas e.g. use of established installed and 71 mega dams for micro functional irrigation projects for No of meals crop production; on farm small water taken by day harvesting structures Increase in household food basket Promotion of Erosion control No of erosion 2 0.8 2 0.8 1 0.4 0 0 2 conservation measures measures control measures like soil bunds, stone bunds, grass strips, adopted constructed contour leveling terracing, tie ridges for increased water infiltrations; Promotion of 2,500 household No of water 50 7.5 25 3.75 25 3.75 0 0 15 appropriate water adopted harvesting harvesting technology for 2,500 household level appropriated technologies crop production; sack water harvesting developed gardens, shade nets, technology for Increase in sustainable green irrigation household food houses, Zai Pits; and basket Livelihood diversification 20,000 No of household 500 25 500 25 5000 25 500 25 100 through value addition household benefiting from 0 00 0 to agriculture products and provision of credit adopted credit facilities facilities to 20,000 alternative Increase in households livelihoods household food basket Train 80 extension 80 extension No of extension 20 1.5 20 1.5 20 1.5 20 1.5 6 officers on agricultural officer trained on services trained extension services to mainstream climate agricultural change information and extension technologies into the services farming system; Conduct 60 Community 60 trainings No of community 20 1.5 20 1.5 10 0.75 10 0.75 4.5 trainings on climate conducted on training change adaptation; climate change conducted 72 provision of climate related topics information to farmers, through altering timing of planting dates to adapt to changing situations; and Support value addition 100 farmers No of farmers 0 0 50 1.5 50 1.5 0 0 3 to agricultural products trained on trained on agri- and financial support for investment in agro agricultural valuebusiness processing for 100 addition opportunities farmers No of farmers involved in agriculture value chain Support to more 1000 farmers No of farmers 200 5 200 5 300 5.5 300 5.5 21 diversified off-farm supported on off- adapting income generating activities which create farm income alternative extra sources of income generating source of e.g. activities livelihoods Improve food security for Cash transfer, No of household 500 7 500 7 500 7 500 7 28 marginal 2000 farmers food voucher to benefiting from through cash transfers, food vouchers, FFA, and 2000 farmers cash county strategic food initiated during transfer/food reserves emergencies voucher Construction of one Laboratory and No of laboratory 2 10 1 5 1 5 1 5 25 livestock laboratory and cattle dip and cattle dip 4 cattle dips constructed built Construction/completio Abattoir No of abattoir 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 100 200 n of 1 abattoir constructed built Strengthening of 400 Disease reporters No of community 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 20 disease reporters strengthened members capacity built on disease reporting Livestock value chain Livestock value No of value chain 2 5 1 2.5 0 0 0 0 7.5 addition chain enhanced addition done 73 20ha Degraded land Ha of rangeland 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 16 Landscape/rangeland restored restored, restoration, reseeding, and fodder production reseeded, and fodder produced Promotion of economic Capacity of No of WCCPC 100 20 120 25 0 0 0 0 45 diversification among WCCPC capacity built pastoral communities enhanced Management and Herders capacity No of herders 300 30 0 0 200 20 0 0 50 conservation of drought enhanced capacity built on tolerant livestock breeds suitable for the County management & ecosystems; 500 herders conservation of capacity built drought tolerant livestock breed. Strengthen the strategies Grazing plans No of community 4 2.5 4 2.5 4 2.5 4 2.5 10 (e.g. grazing reserves, developed members communal fodder enclosures) used by strengthened to com-munities to adapt adapt to climate to climate variability to variability reduce and manage the risks of natural disasters; Strengthen indexed Household No of HH 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 10 40 based livestock enrolled to supported with insurance schemes for 10000 HH against indexed based livestock adverse effects of livestock insurance droughts shocks; insurance scheme Support regular livestock Livestock market No of existing 6 10 6 10 6 10 6 10 40 marketing systems to system livestock markets cushion pastoralists against drought; supported supported Construction of 4 Livestock market No of livestock 2 60 0 0 1 30 1 30 120 livestock market constructed market constructed 74 Strengthen disease Vaccination No of livestock 250 20 250, 20 250,0 20 250 20 80 surveillance and regular conducted vaccinated to ,00 000 00 ,00 vaccination to reduce disease outbreaks;1m reduce disease 0 0 livestock vaccinated outbreak Promote 50 Ha Pasture/grass Ha of land under 12. 10 12.5 10 12.5 10 12. 10 40 commercial pasture farms commercial 5 5 production, seed banks and strategic feed established pasture reserves including production, seed alternative feed banks & strategic resources as part of feed reserves. contingency planning; Total 251. 274. 204.9 262. 1001. 8 55 25 5 EDUCATION OBJECTIVE OUTCOME 100 Climate-proofed ECDC class room No of ECD 25 42.5 25 42.5 25 42.5 25 42.5 170 CCCF construction of ECDE constructed classrooms NCCF classrooms FLLoCA constructed Developm ent partners Private sector 19 Uni-huts installed for Unit huts No of uni huts 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 19 mobile ECDE schools to installed constructed cover pastoralist families moving with their children 40 Energy-saving stoves Energy saving No of energy 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 12 and equipment supplied jikos purchased saving stoves and to ECDE schools and distributed equipment supplied to ECDE centers 24 Plastic/collapsible Plastic tanks No of 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 4 75 water tanks installed purchased Plastic/collapsible water tanks installed Water pipeline extension Pipeline No of ECD 3 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 7 from the nearest source extended centers to 7 ECDE school connected to pipeline Construction of 4 sub- Food store No of ECDE food 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 12 county ECDE food stores constructed stores for enhanced supply chain management constructed Capitation of 83,000 Vulnerable No of ECDE 22, 60 22,0 60 21,00 63 22, 66 249 ECDE leaners to ease pupils/student learners on 000 00 0 000 school fees payment on parents identified capitation Expansion of ECDE school feeing program to reduce malnutrition in the county 80,000 learners fed on nutritious CSB+ Expansion of Vulnerable No of vulnerable 100 18 120 21 150 27 200 36 102 empowerment programs groups identified youths for 470 vulnerable youth empowered Total 135. 137. 146.5 155. 575 5 5 5 Fisheries Objectives To improve fish production, marketing and resource management Outcome Fish production and marketing improved Supporting livelihood 100 No of 20 1.2 20 1.2 20 1.2 40 2.4 6 CCCF diversification strategies entrepreneurs entrepreneurs NCCF which add value within FLLoCA the fisheries sector, trained on fish trained Developm promotion of formal and value addition ent informal job creation, partners self-employment and Private entrepreneurship sector 76 relevant to the need of both women and men; Training of 15 Beach BMUs trained No of BMUs 5 1.5 5 1.5 5 1.5 0 0 4.5 Management Units trained (BMUs) to carry out fisheries monitoring, control and surveillances; Identifying and Core fish No of core fish 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 4.8 protecting 4 core fish breeding sites breeding sites breeding sites to minimize unsustainable identifies identified fisheries practices and habitat destruction; and Domesticate National National fisheries No od polices 0 0 2 5 1 2.5 0 0 7.5 fisheries policies, and policies, and and laws regulation regulation domesticated domesticated Provision of appropriate 100 appropriate No of 50 3.5 50 3.5 0 0 0 0 7 fishing technologies fishing appropriate technologies fishing purchased technologies purchased and distributed Conduct fisheries Fisheries Clear baseline 0 0 1 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 4.5 resources survey resource survey data established conducted Develop 5 cold storage Cold storage and No of cold 2 10 1 5 1 5 1 5 25 and drying facilities to drying facilities storage and reduce post-harvest losses developed drying facilities developed Local campaigns on fish Local campaigns No of local 3 1.5 3 1.5 3 1.5 3 1.5 6 utilization and marketing conducted campaigns fish products conducted Training fisher folks on 200 fisher forks No of fisher forks 50 1.5 50 1.5 50 1.5 50 1.5 6 hygiene handling of fish trained trained and fish products No of fisher forks 77 practicing good hygiene on fish handling Total 20.4 29.9 15.9 13.1 71.3 Environment, Forest and Land Use Objective To conserve and protect environment/forest ecosystem Outcome Ecosystem enhanced Identify and assess Degraded forest Ha of degraded 100 5.5 100 5.5 0 0 0 0 11 CCCF pockets of degraded areas identified land established NCCF forest areas in county for FLLoCA rehabilitation ; Developm ent partners Private sector Restoration of Degraded forest Ha of degraded 100 15 10 15 0 0 100 15 45 forests/woodlands on rehabilitated land the degraded rangelands through rehabilitated planting of suitable tree species and in-situ conservation and regeneration of indigenous tree; and Draw and implement a Forest No of indigenous 10, 3 10,0 3 10,00 3 10, 3 12 comprehensive implementation trees planted 000 00 0 000 afforestation plan during wet seasons at all wet season plans with 80% survival governance levels in the developed rates county, with an emphasis on planting over 30,00 indigenous tree species/trees; Establish 3 mega trees Trees nurseries No of trees 2 12 1 6 0 0 0 0 18 nurseries in Saku, established nurseries Moyale and Logologo, holding 50,000 trees established seedling each Promote greening 5 green program No of tree 2 2.5 2 2.5 1 0.8 0 0 5.8 program in schools established in nurseries 78 through establishing 5 school established trees nurseries and No of planting over 10,00 seedlings; and pupils/students sensitized on important of environment protection and conservation, sloid waste management among others Strengthen early warning EWI Frequency of 2 3.5 2 3.5 2 3.5 1 1.4 11.9 systems in reduction of disseminated disseminating fire outbreaks (fire towers, fire drills). EWI yearly Strengthening capacity CFAs/EMCs/WCC No of 2 10 0 0 2 10 0 0 20 of community-based PC trained on CFAs/EMCs/WCC forest management committee/associations forest PC trained on (CFAs, EMCs, WCCPCs) conservation and forest for the conservation of management conservation and close canopy forests managements and woodlands Support communities of 5 fragile On of fragile 2 100 2 100 0 0 1 10 210 interest to gazette 5 ecosystem ecosystem fragile ecosystems like springs, forest buffer gazetted gazette zones, riverine, watersheds etc. Support alternative 1000 households No of improved 500 3.5 500 3.5 500 3.5 0 0 7 livelihood opportunities benefited from energy saving to charcoal/firewood as a source of income energy saving jikos purchase (distribution of energy jikos program and distributed saving jikos to 1000 households; 79 Sub TOTAL 155 139 20.8 29.4 344.2 SOCIAL INFRASRUCTURE OBJECTIVE To promote infrastructure that are climate proof OUTCOME Well design climate proof infrastructure Strengthening disaster Incidences of No of 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5 10 preparedness through disaster contingency plan improved public health occurrence prepared and systems (including reduced implemented personnel, infrastructure, medicine and equipment); Support spatial planning Spatial plan Spatial planned 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50 100 in urban centers and developed developed areas prone to disasters; Develop climate proof A guide Climate 1 6.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4 infrastructure guide developed infrastructure guide developed Establishment of disaster 4 committees No of disaster 5 5 5 5 10 management response established management committee in towns and committee municipalities; established Sub Total 11.4 50 5 55 121.4 Energy Objective To increase use of clean, affordable and efficient energy Outcome Sustainable clean energy enhanced Solarization of 50 50 boreholes No of boreholes 20 125 20 125 10 25 0 0 275 CCCF boreholes to reduce in installed with installed with NCCF utilization of diesel FLLoCA powered generators for solar for water solar Developm water pumping ; pumping % in reduction in ent number of partners pumping system Private sector using diesel powered engine Enhance solar 10 public No of public 5 12.5 5 12.5 0 0 0 0 25 electrification program institution institution to meet public institutions and rural installed with installed with households’ energy solar and 500 solar 80 demand; household No of household distributed with receiving solar kit solar kit for for lighting lighting Promotion of energy 1000 efficient No of efficient 500 2 0 0 500 2 0 0 4 efficient cook stoves to cooling stove cooling stove reduce demand on biomass energy as well purchased purchased as to reduce greenhouse gas emission for households in rural areas and linkages to carbon financing/credit including awareness on improved cooking practices in 1000 households and institution; Develop green energy Private energy No of private 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (wind and solar) through sector energy investors private public sector investment; investment in the County developed Investments in Bio Reduction in 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 0 0 7.5 renewable biomass gas/briquettes energy expenses energy bio-fuels (briquettes, bio-gas); adopted Improvement in health Investments in efficient Ha of land under 50 50 50 50 4 and sustainable invasive species charcoal production from invasive tree (Prosopis species (Prosopis Juliflora) cleared Juliflora) Lobby for change over Lobby meeting No of lobby 4 1.5 4 1.5 4 1.5 4 1.5 6 power from generators conducted meetings to National Grid e.g., from Ethiopia’s power conducted transmission and Lake Turkana Wind Power; and 81 Support enactment Policies /bills No of Policies 2 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 policies/bills that support supporting /bills supporting natural resources conservation measures. natural resources natural resources conservation conservation formulated and formulated and approved/enacte approved/enacte d d Sub Total 148 14.4 31 1.5 326 HEALTH OBJECTIVE To promote healthy residence in the face of climate shocks OUTCOME Heath care provision services improved Strengthening evidence- Nutrition No of nutrition 3 26 1 10 1 10 3 26 72 CCCF based nutrition planning, survey and surveys & NCCF information, budgeting FLLoC and implementation surveillance surveillance A through 8 SMART surveys conducted conducted. Devel opme nt partne rs Private sector Enhance surveillance of Disease Number of 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 8 climate-related diseases outbreak outbreak and manage outbreaks including the cases preparedness development of Malaria managed plan developed Outbreak Preparedness Plan Mental health care Mental health No of health 2 1.5 2 1.5 2 1.5 2 1.5 6 supported provided for improved mental care those affected by climate shocks clinics conducted Integration of nutrition No of trainings 5 1.5 5 1.5 5 1.5 5 1.5 6 and climate change conducted concerns in the training and service delivery by CHVs 82 Formulate Marsabit Policy Environmental 1 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 10 County Environmental developed Health and Health and Sanitation Sanitation Policy Policy formulated. Train 100 healthcare Health workers No of 25 2 25 2 25 2 25 2 8 workers on malaria case trained healthcare management workers trained on malaria case management Procure and distribute Mosquito nets No of mosquito 20, 4 20, 4 20,0 4 20, 4 16 mosquito nets (LLiTN) purchased nets procured 000 000 00 000 and distributed Trigger villages on the Villages No of villages 100 3 100 3 100 3 100 3 6 CLTS model as a means triggered triggered of improving sanitation No of sanitation especially in the flood- facilities prone areas developed Sub Total 45 29 24 40 132 Grand total 723.4 691.45 687.2 611.15 2712.2 83 Annexes

Annex 1: List of Participants List of Participants Moyale Sub County Township Ward No Name Position Mobile No Gender PLWD Age Bracket M F Yes NO 18-35 35- >60 60 1 Abdo Ala Sub-county 0721712636 M ✓ ✓ Admin 2 Boru Qalla WCCPC 0769985573 M ✓ ✓ 3 Ibrahim Adan WPCCPC 0724405950 M ✓ ✓ 4 Sadam Adan EMC 0727891144 M ✓ ✓ Hassan 5 Abdirahman Amin EMC 0710368320 M ✓ ✓ 6 Hussein Tarry Peace 0726270397 M ✓ ✓ committees 7 Ibrahim Tacho WCCPC chair 0718337535 M ✓ ✓ 8 Ismail Alinoor 07116022492 M ✓ ✓ 9 Zamzam Adan Women rep 0700530050 F ✓ ✓ 10 Nura Sharif Elder 0719751117 M ✓ ✓ 11 Aisha Hussein Women rep 0720888439 F F ✓ ✓ 12 Hassan Ibrahim Youth 0724445522 M ✓ ✓ 13 Habiba Haro Women rep 0724720186 F ✓ ✓ 14 Halima Huka WCCPC 0721257635 F ✓ ✓ 15 Hassan Mohamed Youth 0720888830 M ✓ ✓ 16 Ismail Alinur Youth 0792733399 M ✓ ✓ 17 Amin Mohamed CHVs 0705601118 M ✓ ✓ 18 Mohamed Issack Ward 0722731615 M ✓ ✓ manager 19 Ismail Ibrahim Elder 0722437804 M ✓ ✓ 20 Abdikarim Environmental 0727641036 M ✓ ✓ Abdirahman activist 21 Boru Abdirahman EMC 0706167267 M ✓ ✓ 22 Mohamed Guyo CGM 0726614293 M ✓ ✓ 23 Mohamed Ward 0727523018 M ✓ ✓ Abdikadir manager Sololo 1 Mathew Lechipan Dep. Sub- 0719677119 M ✓ ✓ county admin 2 Bonaya Guyo Elder 0724958052 M ✓ ✓ Digo 3 Hussein Dima Youth 0714926381 M ✓ ✓ Huqa 4 Dido Charfi Roba WCCPC 0725477683 M ✓ ✓ 5 Galma Dabaso Peace 0728852596 M ✓ ✓ committee 6 Abdi Halkano Youth 0720166410 M ✓ ✓ 7 Wario Salla EMC 0712322679 M ✓ ✓ Galgallo 8 Abkul Wario WCCPC 0715011848 M ✓ ✓ 9 Guyo Jillo WUA 0726452284 M ✓ ✓ 84 10 Abdirahman Youth 0729932252 M ✓ ✓ Bonaya 11 Shama Alio Elder 0710419261 M ✓ ✓ 12 Diba Bidu Elder 0707802188 M ✓ ✓ 13 Ibrahim Abduba EMC 0712342046 M ✓ ✓ 14 Qabale Guyo Qabale Guyo 0717403288 F ✓ ✓ 15 Rukia Hussein WCCPC 0727514746 F ✓ ✓ 16 Asli Dera WCCPC 0111250036 F ✓ ✓ 17 Hussein Galgallo EMC 0723666434 M ✓ ✓ 18 Buke Kuno CGM 0705503671 F ✓ ✓ 19 Diramu Abduba Women rep 0720090561 F ✓ ✓ 20 Dida .T. Wario Youth 0727792816 M ✓ ✓ Uran 1 Mustafa Jarso WCCPC 0713561510 M ✓ ✓ 2 Qalicha Guyo Elder 0718024359 M ✓ ✓ 3 John Boru Jirmo Elder 0799980671 M ✓ ✓ 4 Galgallo Guyo EMC 0722723327 M ✓ ✓ 5 Roba Tacho Youth 0723712831 M ✓ ✓ 6 Buke Jillo EMC 07075558596 F ✓ ✓ 7 Said Jarso WCCPC 0727078084 M ✓ ✓ 8 Halakhe Dabaso Youth 0758927251 M ✓ ✓ 9 Henry Halkano Chief 0716654539 M ✓ ✓ 10 Darmi M. Dabasa Women rep 0708660181 F ✓ ✓ 11 Ware Boru DRR 0700830802 F ✓ ✓ 12 Liban Waqo Fora Youth 0706929525 M ✓ ✓ 13 Diba H. Huqa Chair EMC 0791736522 M ✓ ✓ 14 Osman Jillo Clerk 0113366287 M ✓ ✓ 15 Kula Galgallo Women rep 0768640387 F ✓ ✓ 16 Wario A Halakhe Office of ward 0743607393 M ✓ ✓ ✓ Admin 17 Bonaya G Dido Elder 0796613370 M ✓ ✓ 18 Guyo Khina PWDs 0725030357 M ✓ ✓ 19 Diba C Alio Ward 0723899978 M ✓ ✓ manager 20 Qalla J karayu Youth 0718090684 M ✓ ✓ 21 Hassan J Kotote Chief 0720579570 M ✓ ✓ 22 Lokho Jarso WPCCPC 0705179605 F ✓ ✓ Butiye 1 Tume Doti Ward Admin 0720463970 F ✓ ✓ 2 Habiba Arero WCCPC 0720564923 F ✓ ✓ 3 Abdikadir Doyo Elder 0726933294 M ✓ ✓ 4 Halakhe Galma Elder 0721707181 M ✓ ✓ 5 Rukia Gulam WCCPC 0723296272 F ✓ ✓ 6 Ali Apulo Chairman 0724408795 M ✓ ✓ WCCPC 7 Abdirahman Youth 0114425055 M ✓ ✓ Ibrahim 8 Adan Guyo Opinion leader 0741213678 M ✓ ✓ 9 Ibrahim Guyo Onion leader 0720497139 M ✓ ✓ 10 Adan Tadicha Ward 0745412906 M ✓ ✓ manager 11 Morme Konsole PPI 0790410158 F ✓ ✓ 12 Jillo Haro WCCPC 0712230618 F ✓ ✓ 13 Adannur Abdu WCCPC 0714450379 M ✓ ✓ 14 Hassan Halakhe WPCCP 0723416817 M ✓ ✓ 85 15 Aisha Ibrahim Women rep 0718968790 F ✓ ✓ 16 Lokho Sora Youth 0753137863 F ✓ ✓ 17 Abdi Gonjobe Elder 0721970718 M ✓ ✓ Hellu/Manyatta 1 Kadra Mohamed Chair WCCPC 0727876480 F ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 Abdikadir Galgallo WCCPC 0725321771 M ✓ ✓ 3 Issack Tulicha WCCPC 0727642121 M ✓ ✓ 4 Hawo Ibrahim WCCPC 0708492176 F ✓ ✓ 5 Hassan Maalim WCCPC 0723943619 M ✓ ✓ 6 Hadija Tulicha WCCPC 0720235312 F ✓ ✓ 7 Mohamed Galma WCCPC 0720814875 M ✓ ✓ 8 Kache Buno WCCPC 0720799706 M ✓ ✓ 9 Abdulkadir Hassan WCCPC 0726622504 M ✓ ✓ 10 Mohamed Elder 0727352431 M ✓ ✓ Bayana 11 Hassan Adan Grazing 0722326472 M ✓ ✓ committee 12 Borayo Duba EMC 0743737299 F ✓ ✓ 13 Jama Ngatia Elder 0723555004 M ✓ ✓ 14 Mamud Hassan Youth 0792194611 M ✓ ✓ 15 Sara Guyatu Women rep 0725592563 F ✓ ✓ 16 Sahara Golicha Women rep 0720709008 F ✓ ✓ Obbu Ward 1 Lydia Learamo Ward 0768059969 ✓ ✓ ✓ Administrator 2 Emurensiana Woman 0717710945 ✓ ✓ ✓ Lepajat 3 Angelo Leurare Youth 0710236723 ✓ ✓ ✓ Representative 4 Daniel Ekai Elder 07288428475 ✓ ✓ ✓ 5 Lydia Learamo Ward 0768059969 ✓ ✓ ✓ Administrator 6 Emurensiana Woman 0717710945 ✓ ✓ ✓ Lepajat 7 Angelo Leurare Youth 0710236723 ✓ ✓ ✓ Representative 8 Garbich Boru WCCPC 0713381228 ✓ ✓ ✓ Arero 9 Abdinassir Boru Ward Admin ✓ ✓ ✓ Golbo 1 Hassan Ali Dido Chairman 0729371922 ✓ ✓ ✓ WCCPC 2 Abdi Abular Kura WCCPC 07077257874 ✓ ✓ ✓ Member 3 Nuria Adan Dararo Youth Member 0718154564 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4 Mohammed Boru WCCPC 0700386142 ✓ ✓ Sabare 5 Bagaja Guyo Ade EMC 0707130203 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6 Sora Ali Duba WCCPC 071773562 ✓ ✓ ✓ 7 Hassan Borbor EMC-Youth 0721989439 ✓ ✓ ✓ 8 Hassan Kalich WCCPC 0722727329 ✓ ✓ ✓ Golicha 9 Hassan Aliow Elder 0712767834 ✓ ✓ ✓ Galgallo 10 Jaldes Wako Jarso Elder O711687515 ✓ ✓ ✓ 11 Tadich Chukri WCCPC 0705790098 ✓ ✓ ✓ 86 12 Chuli Dika Hindi Woman 0112706038 ✓ ✓ ✓ 13 Halima D WUA 0700376442 ✓ ✓ ✓ 14 Makai Abdullahi Woman 0701449953 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Dukana Ward 1 Tuye Katelo Area Chief 0726713704 ✓ ✓ 2 Ali Edema Elder 0718815774 ✓ ✓ 3 Yara Mola WCCPC 0792677223 ✓ ✓ 4 Ali Musa WRUAS 0712232917 ✓ ✓ 5 Gumato Guracha WCCPC 0704825793 ✓ ✓ 6 Simpire Ali Youth Rep 0726230408 ✓ ✓ 7 Yara Sharamo Traditional 0701715437 ✓ ✓ elder 8 Denge Wario Minority 0706056297 ✓ ✓ representative. 9 Diba Wario Youth 0715720722 ✓ ✓ representative. 10 Ali Guyo Huka EMC 0723628387 ✓ ✓ 11 Guyo Adhi Barako PLWD 0728653032 ✓ ✓ ✓ representative 12 Buqato Shama Chair WCCPC 0794154323 ✓ ✓ 13 Bone Ibrae Women 0701715474 ✓ ✓ representative. 14 Gumato Wario Ward 0700929786 ✓ ✓ manager. Northorr 1 Ibrae Damocha Chief 0713865223 ✓ ✓ 2 Chuluke Duba PLWD 0712829624 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 Guyo Gonjoba Ward 0741726266 ✓ ✓ Godana manager 4 Abdi Wario Jillo Minority 0727528027 ✓ ✓ representative 5 Guyo Diba Bili Youth 0799788330 ✓ ✓ 6 Boya Mamo EMC 0728994137 ✓ ✓ representative 7 Ahmed Rakaw WCCPC 0710771638 ✓ ✓ 8 Jacinta Jillo Diba Women 0700458413 ✓ ✓ representative 9 Alexander Diba Grazing 0714341422 ✓ ✓ committee 10 Denge Galgallo EMC 0712476789 ✓ ✓ 11 Yattane Sori Youth 0110172767 ✓ ✓ representative 12 Abudo Sharamo Conservancy 0720370024 ✓ ✓ Representative 13 Sallo Buri WCCPC 0722809355 ✓ ✓ 14 Abdub Ukur WRUAS 0740726912 ✓ ✓ Illeret Ward 1 Ambrose Oita PWD member 0769123150 ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 Michael Moroto Youth EMC 0746740766 ✓ ✓ 3 Abara Ajiko Grazing 0725171412 ✓ ✓ committee 4 Gila Ariswe EMC 0795147973 ✓ ✓ 5 Nicanor Nyiria BMU 0757919449 ✓ ✓ 6 Joseph Naliye Ward 0799151554 ✓ ✓ manager 87 7 Boniface Yierar Assistant chief 0717184754 ✓ ✓ 8 Nashere Lomabok Women 0718684032 ✓ ✓ 9 Koriye.M. Koriye Ward 0714478858 ✓ ✓ administrator 10 Arthur Wanyoike ACC 0715046046 ✓ ✓ 11 Samuel Siyel Chief 0723088392 ✓ ✓ 12 Gosh kwanyang WCCPC 0745586561 ✓ ✓ 13 Iyayo siroro Youth 0714526604 ✓ ✓ 14 Abraham konibok Community 0795725775 ✓ ✓ health volunteer 15 Goosh Claudia Youth 0791254079 ✓ ✓ 16 Michael moroto Chair WCCPC 0712871968 ✓ ✓ TURBI WARD 1 Guyo Roba WRUAS 0705231403 ✓ ✓ 2 Roba Bonaya Chair – 0110278813 ✓ ✓ WCCPC 3 Abdub Galiye Chief 0720914645 ✓ ✓ 4 William Damballa Chair-EMC 0728729226 ✓ ✓ 5 Pius Roba Elder/opinion 0712671543 ✓ ✓ leader 6 Roba Kampure WRUAS 0717020469 ✓ ✓ 7 Mohamed Wario Grazing 0700074267 ✓ ✓ committee 8 Ali Omar EMC 0702151570 ✓ ✓ 9 Qallo Ibrahim WCCPC 0791077216 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10 Adan Sharamo Chair-PWD 0713630549 11 Boru Malicha EMC 0700517219 13 Yattani Boru PWD 0728211376 14 Katelo Diba Peace 0724058539 ✓ ✓ committee 15 Diko Barako Women 0708599797 ✓ ✓ 16 Elema Denge Youth 0715631224 ✓ ✓ 17 Saituna Osmail Community 0716465272 ✓ ✓ health volunteer. Maikona 1. Ali Katello 20275677 0724948470 √ √ 2. Katelo Demo 8151852 0703813480 √ √ 3. Gumato Jarso 24041938 0726678352 √ √ 4. Hadija Molu 29392221 0719294391 √ √ 5. William Diba Doti 26089055 0758959548 √ √ 6. Barile Duba 21573282 0710948152 √ √ 7. Abudo Nurr 35335532 0740866135 √ √ 8. Bati Diba 26509016 0712990129 √ √ 9. Orge Dido 21739929 0711656324 √ √ 10. Tume Adano 0592694 0728440314 √ √ 11. Salo Tuye 20803584 0723059215 √ √ 12. Roba Dima 21571637 0717326279 √ √ 13. Molu Wato 0594701 0713606952 √ √ 14. Qaballe Qalla 24416390 0717820175 √ √ 15. Bone Gonche 09560628 0716771034 √ √ Loiyangalani 88 1 Sebastian Leparas Ward chair 0714877843 ✓ ✓ ✓ WCCPC 2 John Orbora Area Chief 0723746534 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 Lucy Kentho WCCPC 0796228771` ✓ ✓ ✓ Member 4 Alexander Lenadir Fisheries 07264700021 ✓ ✓ ✓ Cooperatives 5 Stephen Leborkwe EMC 0710236622 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6 Singilan Lepalo WRUA 0729534179 ✓ ✓ 7 Esterina Boniface WCCPC 0715237805 ✓ ✓ ✓ 8 Arupe Lucy WCCPC 0790007805 ✓ ✓ ✓ 9 Rosa Mirkalkona FBO-Youth 0791153370 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10 Maria Lekapana CBO- 0711311604 ✓ ✓ ✓ 11 Lydia Learamo Ward 0768059969 ✓ ✓ ✓ Administrator 12 Emurensiana Woman 0717710945 ✓ ✓ ✓ Lepajat 13 Angelo Leurare Youth 0710236723 ✓ ✓ ✓ Representative 14 Daniel Ekai Elder 07288428475 ✓ ✓ ✓ Kargi/South-horr ✓ 1 Alkoro Galsaracho 03646108 0716698168 √ √ √ 2 Umuro Borano 20641619 0726248244 √ √ √ 3 Matahwen 09847457 0710101429 √ √ √ Gobanai 4 Mbore Mifo 0631595 0706587789 √ √ √ 5 Safi Mifo 24984131 0791279478 √ √ √ 6 Fatuma isandap 37482033 0746080883 √ √ √ 7 Sabthiyo Matacho 24075999 0717463164 √ √ √ 8 Gisewa Obeile 24076307 0745735748 √ √ √ 9 Mohamud Arbelle 20641425 0720178624 √ √ √ 10 David T Wambille 3421037 0710519533 √ √ 11 Bulyaar J Bayo 12754400 0703816932 √ √ 12 Gabriel Galmato 37169899 0707225283 √ √ 13 Simion Swari 30008983 0746262061 √ √ 14 Francis Kirinya 23319430 0727257614 √ √ 15 Samuel Dokle 21508358 0706776002 √ √ 16 Solomon Sahado 26822380 0725549160 √ √ Korr/Ngurunit ✓ 1 Obeddy eydimole Chair youth 0703628753 ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 Simon L. Arabolya Chief 0703814819 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 Fabiano Wamile Catholic faith 0741315866 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4 Mohamed Islam faith 0727666624 ✓ ✓ ✓ Isandap 5 Lmeriwan Kochale Community 0721738420 ✓ ✓ ✓ elder 6 Pius W. Lokuru Ward 0712729538 ✓ ✓ ✓ Manager 7 Joseph Ltajaran Minority 0714865941 ✓ ✓ ✓ 8 Emmanuel Erot youth 0745343643 ✓ ✓ 9 Thomas Harugura youth 0792398620 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10 Ntoison Amiyo Women rep 0728028594 ✓ ✓ 11 Ali OChe PWD 0717079750 ✓ ✓ ✓ 12 Abdulai GUmathi Youth 0716122255 ✓ ✓ ✓ 89 13 Moses MAro WCCPC 0797127603 ✓ ✓ ✓ 14 Daniel Dokhe Ward 0729323696 ✓ ✓ ✓ Administrator 15 Zulekha Harun WCCPC 0720133181 ✓ ✓ 16 Hambue Chupale AD 0706173166 ✓ ✓ ✓ Conservation 18 Bakari AD NDMA 0720071070 ✓ V Mwachakure Logologo ✓ /Kamboe 1. Mohammed Wccpc 0722875137 V V Adisomo chairman 2 Job Marleni Elder 0725482423 V V 3 Annet Bagajo Women rep 0715070062 V V 4 Ltodowa Learapo Wccpc 0705347400 V 5 Sabdiyo Salgiyo Women rep 0748502631 V V 6 Marleni Bichowlo Wccpc 0729441177 V 7 Jacomino Kalaile elder 0723394518 V V 8 Samuel Moga CBO 0741901973 V V V representative 9 Peter Lepakajo Conservancy 0708969446 V V representative 10 Somo Abdulai Marginalized 0768162863 V V group 11 Fabiano Lepati WCCPC 0726257667 V V 12 Daniel Lekapina Ward 0701356261 V V Manager 13 Andrew Korole Chief 0725860207 V V 14 Jonathan Youth 0701270604 V VV Eysimirdana 15. Susan Aleya Wccpc 0725002893 V V 16 Francis Kiriri AD Agriculture 16 17 Hambule chupale AD 17 conservation 18 Yattani Tura Program 18 coordinator Boma 19 Bakari AD NDMA 19 Mwachakore Laisamis ✓ 1. Peter Galwersi 9559530 0717423142 √ √ √ 2. Joseph leseuloi 11386086 0721585005 √ √ √ 3. Samuel Basele 33319989 0705702062 √ √ √ 4. Francisca 21658453 0704805825 √ √ √ Ntesekwa 5. Nasaru Alyoro 12752855 0712851341 √ √ √ 6. Shadrack lebuliar 38188152 0759005022 √ √ √ 7. Emmanuel 29158543 0726602019 √ √ Leupare 8. Kaltuma hassan 12439270 0725658261 √ √ √ 9. James Basele 11386074 0705702062 √ √ √ 10. Elius Kanapal 30192102 0727371097 √ √ √ 11. John Lemerkech 36060169 0757614255 √ √ 12. Paul Machan 20474529 0726262958 √ √ 13. Augustine Lsuper 20097626 0724116612 √ √ 14. Antonino Adurai 2311540 0727963028 √ √ 90 Kaldale 15. Paul Machan 20474529 0726262958 √ √ Sagante/Jaldesa Ward 1. Guyo Katelo Ward 0713615874 × × × Administrator 2. Fatuma Wario Women Group 0717314525 × × × WCCPC chair person 3. Jillo Molu Member 0729660931 × × × 4. Bokayo Malicha Water 0720533667 × × × committee 5. Guyo Somo Ali Chairperson- 0721306593 × × × Indigenous group 6. John Waqo CFA- 0704719245 × × × Chairperson 7. Mohamed Water 0728808966 × × × Halakhe Committee 8. Dub Halakhe Community 0724666513 × × × member 9. Amina Guyo WCCPC 0758803950 × × × member 10. Rob Dida Youth 0796506492 × × × 11. Boru Wario WCCPC 0727962734 × × × member 12. Jillo Roba Community 0718355832 × × × member 13. Guyo Halakhe Chairperson- 0705438393 × × × WCCPC 14. Wato Shalu Peace 0703487730 × × × Committee 15. Dalach Halakhe Peace 0715256700 × × × Committee 16. Sofia Golicha Women Group 0728808833 × × × Central Ward 1. Diqa Halakhe WCCPC 0725003134 × × × member 2. Dida Rigatu Peace, 0727687264 × × × Council of Elder, rangeland committee 3. Mikelina Nashagai WCCPC 0718274695 × × × member 4. Hussein Bagajo Water 0715853161 × × × Committee 5. Roba Wario Youth 0742630036 × × × 6. Hussein Farmer and 0787842406 × × × Mohammed conservationist 7. Jillo fugicha CEO- Inua 0798798596 × × × Dada Initiatives- CBO 8. Abdikarim Liban Youth leader 0797767839 × × × 9. Jillo Waqo Chairperson- 0727962729 × × × WCCPC 10. Halkano Hallo Ward 0725914707 × × × Administrator 91 11. Arbe Umuro WCCPC 0712316615 × × × member Karare Ward 1. Douglas Daudi Ward 0725756749 × × × Manager 2. Tony Ngurusi Songa 0716352601 × × × Conservancy, rangeland coordinator 3. Rosylin Defardai Women Group 0740688870 × × × 4. Mike Neepe Water 0713550151 × × × committee 5. Mathew Neepe Ward 0727689681 × × × Administrator 6. Geofrey Basele Community 0799905714 × × × member 7. Amitha Pokopou Women group 0741810359 × × × chairperson 8. James Asogu WCCPC 0729693471 × × × member 9. James Marleni WCCPC 0799905714 × × × member 10. James Lengoya WCCPC 0796506492 × × × member Uran Ward 1 Mustafa Jarso WCCPC 0713561510 M ✓ ✓ 2 Qalicha Guyo Elder 0718024359 M ✓ ✓ 3 John Boru Jirmo Elder 0799980671 M ✓ ✓ 4 Galgallo Guyo EMC 0722723327 M ✓ ✓ 5 Roba Tacho Youth 0723712831 M ✓ ✓ 6 Buke Jillo EMC 07075558596 F ✓ ✓ 7 Said Jarso WCCPC 0727078084 M ✓ ✓ 8 Halakhe Dabaso Youth 0758927251 M ✓ ✓ 9 Henry Halkano Chief 0716654539 M ✓ ✓ 10 Darmi M. Dabasa Women rep 0708660181 F ✓ ✓ 11 Ware Boru DRR 0700830802 F ✓ ✓ 12 Liban Waqo Fora Youth 0706929525 M ✓ ✓ 13 Diba H. Huqa Chair EMC 0791736522 M ✓ ✓ 14 Osman Jillo Clerk 0113366287 M ✓ ✓ 15 Kula Galgallo Women rep 0768640387 F ✓ ✓ 16 Wario A Halakhe Office of ward 0743607393 M ✓ ✓ ✓ Admin 17 Bonaya G Dido Elder 0796613370 M ✓ ✓ 18 Guyo Khina PWDs 0725030357 M ✓ ✓ 19 Diba C Alio Ward 0723899978 M ✓ ✓ manager 20 Qalla J karayu Youth 0718090684 M ✓ ✓ 21 Hassan J Kotote Chief 0720579570 M ✓ ✓ 22 Lokho Jarso WPCCPC 0705179605 F ✓ ✓ Butiye 1 Tume Doti Ward Admin 0720463970 F ✓ ✓ 2 Habiba Arero WCCPC 0720564923 F ✓ ✓ 3 Abdikadir Doyo Elder 0726933294 M ✓ ✓ 4 Halakhe Galma Elder 0721707181 M ✓ ✓ 5 Rukia Gulam WCCPC 0723296272 F ✓ ✓ 92 6 Ali Apulo Chairman 0724408795 M ✓ ✓ WCCPC 7 Abdirahman Youth 0114425055 M ✓ ✓ Ibrahim 8 Adan Guyo Opinion leader 0741213678 M ✓ ✓ 9 Ibrahim Guyo Onion leader 0720497139 M ✓ ✓ 10 Adan Tadicha Ward 0745412906 M ✓ ✓ manager 11 Morme Konsole PPI 0790410158 F ✓ ✓ 12 Jillo Haro WCCPC 0712230618 F ✓ ✓ 13 Adannur Abdu WCCPC 0714450379 M ✓ ✓ 14 Hassan Halakhe WPCCP 0723416817 M ✓ ✓ 15 Aisha Ibrahim Women rep 0718968790 F ✓ ✓ 16 Lokho Sora Youth 0753137863 F ✓ ✓ 17 Abdi Gonjobe Elder 0721970718 M ✓ ✓ Hellu Manyatta Kadra Mohamed Chair WCCPC 0727876480 F ✓ ✓ ✓ Abdikadir Galgallo WCCPC 0725321771 M ✓ ✓ Issack Tulicha WCCPC 0727642121 M ✓ ✓ Hawo Ibrahim WCCPC 0708492176 F ✓ ✓ Hassan Maalim WCCPC 0723943619 M ✓ ✓ Hadija Tulicha WCCPC 0720235312 F ✓ ✓ Mohamed Galma WCCPC 0720814875 M ✓ ✓ Kache Buno WCCPC 0720799706 M ✓ ✓ Abdulkadir Hassan WCCPC 0726622504 M ✓ ✓ Mohamed Elder 0727352431 M ✓ ✓ Bayana Hassan Adan Grazing 0722326472 M ✓ ✓ committee Borayo Duba EMC 0743737299 F ✓ ✓ Laisamis 16. Peter Galwersi 9559530 0717423142 √ √ √ 17. Joseph leseuloi 11386086 0721585005 √ √ √ 18. Samuel Basele 33319989 0705702062 √ √ √ 19. Francisca 21658453 0704805825 √ √ √ Ntesekwa 20. Nasaru Alyoro 12752855 0712851341 √ √ √ 21. Shadrack lebuliar 38188152 0759005022 √ √ √ 22. Emmanuel 29158543 0726602019 √ √ Leupare 23. Kaltuma hassan 12439270 0725658261 √ √ √ 24. James Basele 11386074 0705702062 √ √ √ Korr/Ngurunit 1 Obeddy eydimole Chair youth 0703628753 ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 Simon L. Arabolya Chief 0703814819 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 Fabiano Wamile Catholic faith 0741315866 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4 Mohamed Islam faith 0727666624 ✓ ✓ ✓ Isandap 5 Lmeriwan Kochale Community 0721738420 ✓ ✓ ✓ elder 6 Pius W. Lokuru Ward 0712729538 ✓ ✓ ✓ Manager 7 Joseph Ltajaran Minority 0714865941 ✓ ✓ ✓ 8 Emmanuel Erot Youth 0745343643 ✓ ✓ 9 Thomas Harugura Youth 0792398620 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10 Ntoison Amiyo Women rep 0728028594 ✓ ✓ 93 11 Ali OChe PWD 0717079750 ✓ ✓ ✓ 12 Abdulai GUmathi Youth 0716122255 ✓ ✓ ✓ 13 Moses MAro WCCPC 0797127603 ✓ ✓ ✓ 14 Daniel Dokhe Ward 0729323696 ✓ ✓ ✓ Administrator 15 Zulekha Harun WCCPC 0720133181 ✓ ✓ 16 Hambue Chupale AD 0706173166 ✓ ✓ ✓ Conservation 17 Francis Kiriri AD Agriculture 0722892214 ✓ V 18 Yattani Tura Program 0715888686 ✓ V coordinator 19 Bakari AD NDMA 0720071070 ✓ V Mwachakure Logologo/Kamboe ✓ 1. Mohammed Wccpc 0722875137 V V Adisomo chairman 2 Job Marleni Elder 0725482423 V V 3 Annet Bagajo Women rep 0715070062 V V 4 Ltodowa Learapo Wccpc 0705347400 V 5 Sabdiyo Salgiyo Women rep 0748502631 V V 6 Marleni Bichowlo Wccpc 0729441177 V 7 Jacomino Kalaile Elder 0723394518 V V 8 Samuel Moga CBO 0741901973 V V V representative 9 Peter Lepakajo Conservancy 0708969446 V V representative 10 Somo Abdulai Marginalized 0768162863 V V group 11 Fabiano Lepati WCCPC 0726257667 V V 12 Daniel Lekapina Ward 0701356261 V V Manager 13 Andrew Korole Chief 0725860207 V V 14 Jonathan Youth 0701270604 V Eysimirdana 15. Susan Aleya Wccpc 0725002893 V V 94

Annex 2: Ward Adaptation Priorities Table 5: Ward adaptation priorities No Ward Adaptation Priorities Location Moyale Sub-County Butiye Ward 1 Water piping from Mansile to Butiye Butiye ward Mega dam at Antut and Somare Butiye ward 2 3 Tree planting at Holale,Arosa,Somare,Bori at Individual homestead Butiye ward 4 Water piping from Mansile to Butiye Butiye ward 5 Storm water harvesting; Mega dam at Antut and Somare Butiye ward Hellu Ward 1 Desilting and fencing of Arbol dam Hellu/Manyatta 2 Piping of water from Mansile to Hellu/Manyatta Hellu/Manyatta 3 Purchase and supply of 1000 plastic water tanks for vulnerable Hellu/Manyatta household in the ward to harvest rain water Uran ward 1 Drilling of borehole at Uran Goda to provide water for farm irrigation Uran 2 Rehabilitation of irrigation farm at Walda Uran 3 Repair of major water pans for recharge Uran 4 Construction of borehole for irrigation Uran Township ward 1 Piping of water from Mansile borehole to Moyale town Township 2 Purchase and supply of 1000 plastic water tanks for vulnerable Township household in the ward to harvest rain water 3 Tree planting in public places including streets and homestead Township 4 Community empowerment project like business grants for vulnerable Township households Sololo ward 1 Mega dam between Ramole and Aria; between Anona and Aria Sololo 2 Tree planting on Borelo mountain and individual farms Sololo 3 Restocking Sololo 4 Beekeeping (purchase of 1000 beehives) Sololo Golbo Ward 1 Purchase of plastic tanks for vulnerable households Golbo Ward 2 Establishment of Irrigation scheme Odda,Dabel,Godoma and Nana 3 Investment grants to women, youth and person living with disability Golbo Ward 4 Capacity development for climate risk adaptation Golbo Ward 5 Purchase of hybrid cattle and goats that can endure harsh climate Golbo Ward conditions to selected residents of Golbo ward Obbu Ward 1 Construction of new water pan and irrigation system at Sololo Sololo Makutano Makutano 2 Provisionof 400(10,000) litres plastic tanks at Dambala Fachana Dambala Fachana 3 Investment grants to women,youth and person living with disability Obbu 4 Desalinization of Amballo borehole and piping Anballo North-Horr Sub-County North Horr Ward 1 Facilitate movement of people to permanent water points instead of North Horr water trucking 2 Storm water harvesting at Burra, Lag Massa and Horr Dika for Large North Horr scale pasture and fodder production 95 3 System strengthening of community livestock disease reporters North Horr 4 All stakeholder sensitization, awareness creation on conflict resolution North Horr mechanism between waring communities 5 Facilitate movement of people to permanent water points instead of North Horr water trucking Maikona Ward 1 Fodder production in Maikona Maikona 2 Establishment of Desalinization plant at Maikona,Kalacha and Elgathe Maikona 3 Investment grants for youth, Women group and small scale business Maikona people 4 Alternative source of livelihood such as poultry and bee keeping Maikona 5 Strengthen and support Community Livestock Disease Reporters, Maikona surveillance and roll out routine yearly mass livestock vaccination programmes Illeret Ward 1 Investment into desalination plant using water from Lake Turkana in Illeret collaboration with Turkana Basins Institute and other Partners so permanently solve perennial lack of clean water shortage 2 Construction of storage tanks and piping to settlements and Illeret institutions 3 Sensitize leadership on the need to create harmony and co-existence Illeret by spearheading this process and cascade it to the lower levels mitigate ever evolving resource based conflicts 4 Train and strengthen grazing committees for Dassnach, Turkana and Illeret Hamarkoke to build worrying communities trust and initiate peace building initiative talks 5 Strengthen and support Community Livestock Disease Reporters, Illeret surveillance and roll out routine yearly mass livestock vaccination programmes Dukana Ward 1 Drilling and equipping of a new borehole in Dukana Trading Centre Dukana for large scale crop, pasture production 2 Automation of all major water supplies in Dukana Ward and revenues Dukana collected to support food security and institutional support during drought emergencies 3 Wide stakeholder sensitization on peace building and conflict Dukana resolution mechanism between waring communities 4 Wide stakeholder sensitization on peace building and conflict Dukana resolution mechanism between waring communities Turbi-Bubisa Ward 1 Storm water harvesting for large scale food, pasture production Turbi 2 Governance and system strengthening of all major water supplies in Turbi the ward through innovation and technologies 3 Wide multi-sectoral engagement targeting all stakeholders in all major Turbi conflict prone areas of Borana and Gabbra 4 Strengthening of community livestock disease reporters Turib Laisamis Sub County Korr-Ngurunit 1 To initiate alternative livelihoods by Korr, Ngurunit, Ilaut,Balah capacity building programs on climate change adaptability through training and provision seed money for projects like; Poultry keeping, bee keeping, 2 Establish water harvesting for livestock and Korr, Ngurunit irrigation by building dam/pans Kuyea. 3 Start a conservancy to operationalize Korr, Ngurunit, Ilaut , 96 grazing patterns and implementations by Namarey strengthening the EMC and creating effective by-laws. This can be supported and well s implemented by starting a Korr/Ngurunit conservancy, 4 Stock control/destocking by improving market and road infrastructure Korr, Ngurunit,Namarey,Ilaut 5 Conduct capacity building training on livestock management Loglogo Ward Location 1 Alternative livelihoods Loglogo, Kaboye 2 Establishment of livestock market loglogo 3 Establishment of Loglogo unit conservancy Loglogo, 4 Grazing pattern management. Loglogo ,kamboe, 5 Improved livestock breeds. loglogo Laisamis Ward Adaptation Priority 1 Introduction of alternative livelihood i.e. poultry keeping, camel Laisamis, lontolio,koya keeping, kitchen gardening, bee keeping, gum and resins, beadwork ,merille and other programmes i.e. ujuzi manyattani 2 Grazing pattern strengthened and destocking Laisamis, lontolio,koya ,merille 3 Milk-shed/Milk value chain enhancement (camel milk joint marketing Laisamis,lontolio,koya through formation of cooperatives, storage facilities and market Merille linkages) 4 Construction/rehabilitation/revival of the Laisamis abattoir Laisamis 5 Water harvesting for vegetable production at Merille, Sakardala and Merille, Nairibi, Lontolio Nairibi Merille,koya,laisamis Loiyangalani Ward 1 Improved health facilities Loiyangalani Ward 2 Investment grant for specific small scale business groups Loiyanagalani Ward 3 Establishment of livestock Market and Fodder production/irrigation Gatab Location 4 Construction of Fish store(cold store) further away from the lake due Loiyangalani town to concern of rising water level 5 Distribution of pipeline scheme to villages in loiyangalani Loiyangalani town Kargi Ward 1 Investment in conflict resolution mechanisms especially at the hotspot Kambinye, Yel areas 2 Alternative livelihood options such as kitchen gardening, poultry Kargi Ward 3 Establishment of flood control structures at Halam,Bohisi Guthan,Kambinye and Dakhane 4 Regular deworming and vaccination Kargi Ward 5 Collection centeres for solid waste across the town centres Town centers9Kargi and South Horr) Maikona Ward 1 Cash transfer programme for children headed ,PWDs and old age Maikona Ward households 2 Vegetable production Maikona Ward 3 Fodder production Maikona Ward 4 Restocking programme for hybrid Maikona Ward 5 Establishment of Desalinization plant Maikona, Kalacha, El gade 6 Investment grants for youth, Women group and small scale business Maikona Ward 97 people 7 Alternative source of livelihood such as poultry and bee keeping, Fish Maikona Ward farming 8 Utilization of Prosopis for animal feeds and charcoal Maikona, Elgade Saku Sub- County Sagante-Jaldesa 1 Construction of two mega dam at Mado chubicha and Malka Lakole; Qilta, Jaldesa, Sagante, and establishment of irrigation scheme in Kupi Qallo, Jaldesa, Dololo Dirib Dokatu, and Badassa 2 Undertake community land registration and promotion participatory Qilta, Jaldesa, Sagante, rangeland management; range restoration, rehabilitation, and tree Dirib nursey per location 3 Promoting alternative livelihood (Bee keeping, kitchen gradening and Qilta, Jaldesa, Sagante, alternative source of energy- LFG gas, improved Jiko, and Solar Dirib 4. Establishment of livestock laboratory and cattle dip within the ward. Dirib Central Ward 1 Damming of Gotu Gardi to harvest storm water for the purpose of Jirime irrigation and domestic water supply. 2 Livelihood diversification Dakabaricha, Mountain, Jirime, Nagayo 3 Infrastructural development- Road and bridges; Jirime, Harobota, Dakabaricha, Mountain, Haro Gumi, shrine, Manyatta Ote, Manyatta Ginda, Manyatta Gar Jirime, Nagayo mata Arba, Wako Keyate, Manyatta Duriye, Ajaa Tisa, Nyayo road 4 Range land/ landscape restoration and rehabilitation- tree nursery Jirime, Dakabricha, establishment for all locations; Rangeland restoration/reseeding- Nagayo, Mountain Jirime Karare Ward 1 Drilling of a borehole at Hula-hula Center and Kituruni location for Songa, Hula Hula livestock, domestic and irrigation. 2 Rangeland restoration and reseeding Karare, Songa, and Hula Hula 3 Establishment of tree nurseries close to water points in Kituruni, Songa, Songa and Leyai 4 Purchase of 80pcs 10,000 Litre and underground tank for Parkishon, Hula Hula and Karare Lekartinya, and Hula Hula community 98

Annex 3; List of Stakeholders No Name of CSO Contact details Location Founding Objective Vulnerability Operation Disaggregati al scope on 1 PACIDA (Pastoralist +0202656947 Marsabit -To build community Women, Across the Community Initiative pacida@pacida@ Central resilience through Men, Youth, entire Development and org water project, herders County Assistant trainings, livelihoods, climate justice and education program -To support in Policy framework development and dialogue 2 Caritas Marsabit caritasmarsabit.or Marsabit -To build resilience of Women, Entire g; info@caritas- Central the most poorest Youth, County dom.org through charitable Children , +254113458289 service, water, elderly programs, health, livelihood, peace and justice, Disaster risk reduction among other programs 3 CRS-Nawiri; Marsabit www.crs.org Marsabit -To reduce Children Northorr, +25470241698 Central, malnutrition by under 5, Saku, Laisamis, supporting food pregnant Laisamis north systems/production and horr sub through sustainable lactation counties livelihoods mothers, women groups, youth among others 4 FHI-Kenya, Kenya +2542027310023; Marsabit To reduce hunger Women and Entire Rapid +254714932605 central through provision of youth County www.fh.org sustainable groups, livelihood children herders among others 5 WFP www.wfp.org Marsabit -To promote food Farmers, Entire +254800722446 Central system to achieve women, County +254727524893 suitable food men, production to herders, address climate children, resilience men -To address malnutrition To build County capacity to address sustainable good systems 6 Wealth Hunger Hilfe www.welthungerh Marsabit To support local Women, (WHH) ilfe.de Central organization through youth +254721977837 funding to support 99 PhilipEwoton@welt sustainable hungerhilfe.de livelihood by funding water, school programs, agriculture, livelihoods among others 7 NDMA www.ndma.go.ke To manage drought Entire john.ougo@ndma through disaster risk County +254712888749 reduction programs and also to share EWI for ear actions to reduce loses 8 IREMO-Indigenous +254725808541 Marsabit To work with women Women and Kargi, Resource Central to manage and youth Maikona, Management developed natural Saku Organization resources for economic benefits 9 Mercy Corps-LMS +254203864454 Marsabit To increase Women, Entire +254722168426 Central community youth, County resilience through farmers, implementing herders sustainable among livelihoods projects other 10 Kenya Forest Services +254726611234 Marsabit To manage and Men, Mt central increase tree cover women, Marsabit youth, gazetted forest 11 Kenya water towers +254723805913 To manage and Women and Mt protect water youth Marsabit, towers Mt Kulal, Hurri hills , Northhorr, 12 National +254723956270 Marsabit To safeguard All Entire Environmental central environment County Management through Authority enforcements 13 Kenya Metrological +254723996886 Marsabit To provide/generate Entire Department +254(069)2102028 central climate data for County planning 14 Center for research +254721839306; Marsabit To work on the Herders, Entire Development in info@crdd- Central research gaps in farmers, County Dryland kenya.org areas of resilience education building, sustainable institutions livelihoods and among rangelands others 15 Kenya red cross - +254-692102065 Marsabit To build capacity of Women, Entire Marsabit Central local communities to children, County any anticipated youth, hazards, Disaster risk elderly reduction To respond to emergencies to affected farm land incase disaster strikes 16 USAID Kuza +254721992254 Marsabit To strengthen Women, Entire Central County/institutions in Youth, County 100 policy/legislation children development To equip groups with finances t start sustainable livelihood To support private/local institution access grants/soft loans to involve sustainable livelihood 101 Photo; Members of Stakeholders during Validation of MCCCAP 102 County Government of Marsabit Department of Water, Environment, Climate Change, Forestry and Natural Resources Directorate of Environment and Climate Change P.O. Box 384 - 60500 MARSABIT www.marsabit.go.ke