National Implementation Plan for Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Ministry of Environment National Implementation Plan for Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Jordan ' Amman - June, 2006 ® GEF ~ His Maiesty King Abdullah II Bin .Al Hussein Ministry of Environment POPsNIP Acknowledgement to Contributors A large number of Jordanian scientists and experts were involved in the preparation and the production of the National Implementation Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants )J>OPs( under a project implemented with UNEP and funded by GEF. The project was coordinated by: Dr. Ziad Abu Kaddourah - Project Coordinator Dr. Mohammed Kashashneh- Ministry of Environment = Eng. Nizar Hadad- Project Assistant National Coordinating Committee was consisted of: Eng. Faris al Junidi, Secretary General, Ministry of Environment Dr. Kamal Klldeir , Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Eng. Maysoun Bseso , Ministry of Health Eng. Abeer Al-Zuheer, Ministry of Trade and Industry Eng. Mabmmoud Alkhtom, Ministry of Agriculture Mr. Firas Karadsbeh, General Command of Jordanian Armed Forces Mr. Muneeb Awaudah, Civil Defense Dr. AbdAikareem Almagrabe, Custom Department Eng. Roz Alsmaade, Amman Industrial Chamber Mr. Ibrahem Alkhloof, Amman Trade Chamber Eng. Wael Suleman, Royal Scientific Society Eng. Seren Alshyab, Jordanian Environment Society Special task groups were commissioned to conduct different inventories related to POPs, these groups consisted of: Eng. lzzat Abu Humra Dr. Jamal Jaber Eng. Siham El-Heih Prof. Tawfiq Al-Antary Prof Mahmoud Elawi Prof. Elyas Salam.ah Prof. Manar Alfayath Eng. Abdelkarim Shalabi Dr. Mohammad Al Dabbas Ms. Omamah Al Saeedi Eng. Rehab Tarawneh Eng. Mohammad Katbeh Eng. Ahmad Shawki Khasawneh Jordan Action Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Eng. Khalaf Al-Okhlah Dr. Mohamad Obaidat Eng. KhaldoonAl-Awamleh Eng. Faisal Hamed Eng. Mohammad Ziedan Mr. Marwan Alrakad Dr. Radi Al-Tarawneh Dr. Mohannad Sahawneh Eng. AfafBataynah Mr. Ashraf Kharabshah ~ Dr. Tariq Al-Haliq Eng. Shouroq Hamarneh, Eng. Bassem Abu-Sukar, 1 Ministry of Eavirom:nent POPsNIP Table of Contents Content Executive Swnmary Introouction 5 l , L Stockholm Convention 1.2 l>cr:sistcot Organic Pollutants 6 6 2 Country Basel.ine (The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) l O 2. l Country Profile: 2.1.1 .lQcatimumd Climate Characterimcs 2.1.2 Population 2.1.3. Milleonimn Development GoaJa (MOO) Indicat<n 2.1 .. 4. Jordan in ~ . EnvironmmtaJ SUStainability lndi:-x 2005 2 .2 Institutional, 1>9litical and lcplaim= fmmewOJk 2.2.1 Environmental / sustainable DcvtJopmeot Polley and General Legislative Framework 1.2.2. Roles and Responsibilities ofM'mimcs. Agencies and other Govemmental Ihsti:tutiom Involved in POPs Life ~le 2.2.3 Relevant International Commitments and Obligations 2.2.4 Description of Existiug Lcgi1latiooa -IIDd Regulations Addressing p0Pa 2.2.S Key Approaches and Procedun:s for POPs Chemical and Pe.mcide Management Including l!nforcement and Monitoring Requirement 2.3 Aaseument of POP! l!1$UC in Jordan 2.3. l Assessment with Respect to Annex A. Part 1 Chemicals (pops Pesticjdcs) 2.3.2 Assessmenl with .Rcspecl to Annex A, Part U Chemicals (PCBs) 2.3.3 Assessment of Annex B/ Part TI Chemicals (DDT) 2.3.4 AsscssmenlofReleascFmm lJrtintentiooal Production of Annex C Cbcmicals(PCDD/PCDP) HCB And .PCBs 2.3.5 2.3.6. 2.3 .7 2.3.8 2.3.9 2.3.l0 2.3.'I 1 2.3.12 2.3.l3 Information on the State of Knowledge on Stockpiles, Contaminated Sites, and Wastes: ldantification, Probable Amounts, Relevant Regulations, OuidalJC.l'I, Remediafum Measures, and Data on Releases from Sites. ~mmnary ofFuturc Pmductirm Use R.cleascs of POPs R.cquircmcm foe Exemption Bxisting Programs for Mooitoring POPs Releases and Enviromneutal and Buman Health lmpact5, lncludmg fjndings Cum:ot level of Information, Awlll'CDCl5 aodEdncation Among Target Group&; Existing Syatrma to C'.nmmuoil.late Such.Info.nnation to the Variuus c»upa; Mechanism For Information Exchange With Other Parties iD the Coovc:otian Relevant Activities of Non-governmental Stakeholders OVenriew of Technical lnfi:aatmctur.e for POP1 Assessmmt, Meuun:mmt. Analysia, mid Prevention M~ Management, Research and Development Linkase to International Progrui9· and Projocts Identification oflnq,aoted Populations or Envirunmenm, Estimated Scale nnd Magnitude of Thn:a1s to Public Health and Environmental Quality and Social ImplicB1ions for Wottm and Local Communities Detail.a of any Relevant System for the ASSCWDClit. and Listing of New Chemicals Details of any Relevant. System for Assessment and Regulation of Chemicals Already tn the Mark.et. Jordan Aotion Plan for Per1istent Organic Pollutant• cPOP1I JO 10 11 15 17 18 18 21 23 24 26 31 31 41 4S SS 70 70 70 79 82 83 86 89 90 lll lV Minim'y ofEllrirvnment POPsNIP Table of Contents 3. STRATEGY 91 3.1 Policy Statc..'Ulent 3.2 Implementation Strategy 3.3 Activities, S1rategieJ and Action PIIIDB 33.1 Activity: Institutional and Regulatory S1rengthcoing Measures minateEmission from Intentional Production and Use. 3.3.2 Activity: Measures-w Rem.we OT Eli 3.3.3 Ac::tivity; Production, import, and Export, Usc:,Stockpiles, W~ of Ana~ A POPi Pesticides (Annex A part I chemicals) 3.3.4 Production, Import and .Export, Use , I=ltification,. Labeling, Removal, Storage and Disposal of PCBs and Equipment Conlainin g PCBs(Annex.A, PartJJ chemicals) port, Use Stockpiles and Wutes ofDDT (Annex B) 3.3.5 Ailtivity:Production, Import md Ex 3.3.6 Activities: Register ofExemption an d the Continuing Need for Bx.emption (article 4) leases Fto111 llnb:ltcntiooal Pl'odootion. 3J.7 Plan Acti.Oll$; M~ to Reduce Re 3.3.8 Activity: Measures to Reduce Releases Prom Stockpiles and Wastes 3.3.9 Tdentifi.Gatian of Stockpiles, A,roQles 3.3.10 Manage Stockpiles and Appropriate in Use and Wastes Measures for Handling-and Disposal Articlos in Use 3.3.J J Jdc:ntiOc:atknl ql'Contmninatcd Shea 3.3.12 Activity: Facilitatiog or Underta.lcing lnfomiatiou Exchange and Stakeholders Involvement. . on, And Education. 3.3.13 Activity: Public Awareness, Infocmab 3. 3.14 Activity: Ertectiveneiis Evaluation {Article 16) 3.3.15 Activity: .Reporting 3.3. l 6 Activity I Development and Mouitonn 3.3.17 Adivity; Tcclmical and.Financial A. ' g (Articlell) uistancc. s md Priorities 3.4 ~pment and Cupacity-Building Proposal 3.5 'Cit~Jablc for Plane Implementation and~ ,ors~ 3.6 Resources Requln-.ment 91 92 93 93 93 94 94 94 95 95 95 96 96 96 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 102 102 ANNEXES 103 Annex l: Existed Jegis]ationa to manage chemic,d m1lteriAls for different Institutions IUid departments mat are n,IJm';d «> tbo POPs Annex 2: Banned and ~e rcstnctcd .POPs according to PIC hsts Annex 3: CompaciBon between pesticide .l'C!lidues in thc agricultural commodities in the study of 2()()4.. 2005 and studies conducted in 1993-1994, J999-2000, 2000-2001, 2002~2003 for Imported samples. Annex 4: Rcsulu of RSS study about transfonncra in Jordan Elcctticity Distnlrutioo Company (.IEDCo). AnneJt 5; Tnmsfonners inventory in the Central Electricity Generation Company (CEGCo). ADneJI 6: Tnm1farmeB in JDECO whicli mmmfactu.red before I ~O. Allnex 7; lmtial Estimaliou or Time and.Budget for tbe Implementation of lhc Difi"ercnt Acuon Plau11 105 U3 114 116 111 123 124 103 111 112 114 119 l22 Jol'dan Action Plan for Perament Org&11ic Pollutants ,P0ta1 Ministry of Eavirom:nent POPsNll.P List of Tables Content Page Table 1.l POPs Pesticides and their Uses 8 Table 2.1 Selected Development lnd.icaton for Jocdan from the UNDP )HOR( 2004 14 ~ Tablc2.2 Jordan1s Progress in Meeting the MDGs )Jordan MDG report 2004( 16 ~ Table, 2.3 AruJCX A. Part I, Cbemicldt )POPa{ 33 C Table2.4 Quantities of POPs Pesticides Imported .Daring the Period 1966-1985 36 Table2.S Results Obtained from Data Contained in the Quesdonnaira that Wf:l'f: 39 Completed ~ Fanners in 2004 Table 2.6 Average Splceoomega]ly Cases Due to Malaria Among Patients who Vi.sited 45 the Clinics in Jordan During the Period 1926- 1949 Table2.7, Imported Quanlitica of Annex 8, Part I. Chemicals )POPI( and their Altcroatives 47 Table 2.8 SOillIJ\lU)' oo Disease V cct0r Conirol Programs in Jordan so Table2.9 Detected Quantities of POPI Pesticides awl Places of their Storage Sl Table2.10 Screening Matri:Jt - Maio Soun:e Cawgories 56 Tablc;,2.11 Estimated PCPDIPCDF RcJca,cs from Waste lncine:ratioo 58 - Tablo 2.12 Estimated PCOD/PCDF Releases from Ferrous and Non-femras Metal Production 59 Table 2.13 :&timated PCDD/PCDF Releases from Power Generation and HcatiDg/ Cooking 60 - - Table 2.14 :&timated PCDO/PCDF Releases from Production of Mineral Products 61 ~ Table2.l5 Bstiina1ed PCDD/PCDE Releases ftom Transportation 62 Table2.l6 Estimated PCPD/J>CDF Releases from UncontroUed Combustion Processes 63 Table2.17 Estimated PCDD/PCDF Re]eases from Product.ion of Chemicals and 64 Coostuner Goods Table2.l8 Estimated PCDD/PCDF Releases ttom the Category of Miscellaneous 65 Table2,19 Estimated PCDD/PCDF Rcl.euea 1mm DilposaJ/Landfi 66 - Table2.20 Summary of the Results of PCDDIPCDF Releasc:3 67 Comparison bc1ween pcstfcidc Residues ia the agricultural Commoditier. in tbc Tablri2.2l Study of 2004-200S and Slu.dit:a Conducted in 1993-1994. 1999-2000, 2000-2001, 72 2002-2003 for lmportQd Samples - ~ Tablc .2.22 Comparison between 2004/2005 Study 811d Studies CODducfed in 1993-1994, 74 1999-2000, 2000-2001, 2002-2003 foT local Agricultural Commodities - Table22J Comparison between RSS Study of 2004-lOOS and Univenity of Jordan Study 76 in 2000 for &.ic:nntoarinn of CbJodnalcd Hydrocarbons in MDthcm Milk Table2.24 Number and percentage of Farmers who Use Banned POPs .Pesticides in 2004 89 Jordan Aotion Plan for Per1istent Organic PoUut1nt1 cPOP11 V --- Minim'y ofEllrironment POPsNIP List of Figures 11 Figme Page >-- Figun l Map of Jordan 10 Figurc2 Quantity of DDT Uaed in Malaria Control Program. During 1959-199 l 48 Figurel Comparison between Study Results of 2004/2005 with Similar Studies Rcsulll in I 99$, 2-000, 2001 and 2003 for Dairy Produc:tSamplca n Fig\l['C 4 Concentration of HCB in Deir-Alla Watc:rSamples in the .Period Between 78 April to Docombcr 2004 Figure5 Conc:enntion of HCB .in Zai Water Samples.Jn. the .Period between April to .Dcccmhcr 2004 78 . V1 Jol'dan Ac:tlon Plan for Perai8tent Org&11ic Pollutanta (P0ta1 Ministry of Eavirom:nent POPsNil.P AIDS APOi AS.BZA BAT BET BHC CDM CEGCo D.M DDT DOS RF EDCo ESI ESP EU FF GAM OA1'S OATT GCRP ODCD GDP ms OTZ IICB HFO 1IIV 1-ITPS I.ARC IBDCo lO.Rs IMF rrNs lVC IVM JEDCo LPG MDGs MOEnv. MRL NAFTA NCAllT NBPCo NGOs NIP NIU PCBs PCDD PCDF" PCP PBRSGA PIC ABBREVIATIONS Acquired lmmunodc.ficlency Syndrome Air Pollution Control System Aqaba Special F.conomic Zone Authority .Best Available Technology Best Rnvironmentol .Practices .Bcmzc:oc Rcu Cllloridc Clean devclopmeD1-Mechanism Central Blectritity Generation Company Dray Matter 1,1,1 -trlchloro - ~ -bis{~orophc:nyi)etbanc ~ Dcpartrrumt of Statistic Emission Factor Electricity Distribution Company &viromnental Sustainability lndm ~ Electrostatic Precipitetors Bmopcan Union Fabric Fitter Grate Amman Municipality General Agrccmmt on Trade and Services C'JC,Dcral Agreement oo Tariffs and Trade Gcneml Cooperation for Enviromru:nta1 Protection Gt:ncraJ.l:>epanmml for CivilDcfcmc: Gross Domestic Product Ocographical Informatlon Center Geseilschaft Fuer Technische .ZUsammf'!narbeit H~oro Benzene Heavy Fuel Oil Human Imm,unodefu:icmcy VU1JS Al-Husain Thermal Power Station Intmnational Agoocy for R-.rcb on Cancer lrtid "E1ectricity Distalrution Company Inaect Orowth.Regulars Inimnationol Monetary Fund 1Dllccticidc T.radc Nets Inu:grated Victor Control lrue~ Victor-Managcmc:at Jordan EJewicity Distribution Company LlqucficdPctro~ Gu Millcnniwn Development Goats Minimy Of Hnvirnrnm::nt ~ :t-.,linimal Risk Level, (for Hazardous Substances) North American Froc Tracie Apmcnt National Center of Agrlcultun: Research and Technology Transfer Nati.ooalSoctri~fy~w«Company Non Governmental Organizations Na.tional lmplemcmatioo Plan National Implementation Unite Poly Chlorinated :Biphcnyl's Poly Ch1orinated Dibonzo Dioxin Poly Clllorimtccf Dibenzo Funn Pentacblorophcnol The ~ooal Organi7.ation for the ConSCJV8llon of the Hnviromncnt of Red Sea mid Gu.If of Aden Prior lllfonncd Consent Jordan Aotion Plan for Per1islent Organic Pollutant• cPOP11 ... Vlll PMC l'OPs PVC RSS SPS TBQ TRIPS UNOP UNEP UNFCCC UNIDO USA WHO WTO ABBREVIATIONS POPs Monltoriog Committee Pmisteui Orgutlc Pollutants Polyvinyl Chloride Royal Scientific Society Sanitary and Pbytosanitary Mcuures Toxicity Equivalent ~ton Trade-Rebt.tcd ~ta of Intd.lcctnal Property Rights Unitod alioo Development Program United Nation Environment Program United atioos Framework Couventioo. OD Climate Cbaoge United Nation Industrial ~ lopmeru. Org.anintion United Stale of America World Health Organization World. Trade OrgimizatiOll Minim'y ofEllrirvnment POPsNIP Jol'dan Action Plan for Perament Org&11ic Pollutants ,POta1 MimstryofEavironment POPsNP Executive Summary: Persistent Organic Polluta11ts(POPs)are halogen containing carcinogenic, toxic and mutagonic substances that can travel long distances through the air and water and accumulate in land and aquatic ecosystems. POPs include the previously widely used chlorinated organic pesticides and industrial cbcmfoals; however, POPs can also be generated in the form of byproducts as a result of combustion and industrial u1anufacturing processes. The aim of the Stockholm Convention is to protect human health and the environment from POPs. Currently the Convention lists twelve POPs chemicals. They have similar physical, chemical, and biologica] characteristics. They possess toxic properties, resist degradation, bioaccumulate and are transported through air, water and migratory species across international boundaries and deposited far from their place of release. where they accumulate in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Jordan signed Stockholm Convention on POPs on 18tti January 2002, and ratified it on glh November 2004. With a fund from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and assistance of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Ministry of Environment prepared the fim National Implementation Plan (NIP) on POPs for Jordan. POPs are not intentionally produced in Jordan. Also they are oot imported or exported. Periodical assessment and evaJuation of POPs situation may indicate the need for specifio exemption, in this case Stockholm Convention secretariat will be informed. Jordan has taken some actions to ban importing, production and use of pesticides listed as POPs since l 980. SeveraJ official agencies has already established programs and/or initiated projects to monitor POPs releases to environment and to take actions aiming at minimizing the releases impacts on human health and environment and to shift to other alternatives, particularly, integrated pest management approaches. The first chapter of this document gives an introduction about the project; objectives and outcomes and also about Stockholm Convention and Persistent Organic Pollutant; properties, souroes of these pollutants. And the second chapter gives a country baselines current status in Jordan with regards to POPs. The national POPs inventories results indica1e that Jordan bas taken unilateral measures by holding the use and handling of POPs pestjcides since the em-ly eighties for pwposes of controlling agricultural pests, while allowing their use for co.ntrol of disease vectors till J 995. The main source of PCBs in Jordan is form of electrical equipment. such as transformers, c.apacitms and other special machinery. Leakage, evaporation and/or improper disposal of the broken or used equipment, that cont.a.in PCBs based oil, might end up in the environment and then move and concentrate in to humans through Jordan Action Plan for Per1istent Organic PoUut1nt1 cPOP11 1 2 Minim'y ofEmironment POPsNIP the food chain. However1 this would need a detailed field survey in order to find out contaminated. sites and/or equipment The survey. which was mainly oriented for electrical transfonners that manufactured and installedbcfore the year 1980, was divided geographically into three main.regions: 1- South.em region: l O substations in Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) were inspected using special screening test- kit and the final result of inspectionwasnegative(i.e. noindicationofpresenceofPCBs). 2- Middle region: which include Amman, Zarqa and Sall There are 5 old transfonners in Al-Husiao Thermal Power Station (HTPS), in Alhashemya,near Zarqa, containabout 1 In addition 4 transfo.rmers were identified in the National Electricity Power Company (NEPCo) that manufactured before 1980. NEPCo has conducted requ.iredtests and found that these transformers are free from PCBs. 3- Northern region: which includes Irbid, Mafraq, Jarash andAjhm. The working team bas identified about 21 transfor PCDD/PCDF release lnventory1how11 the following: 1. D/PCDP release i11Vcntory shows tbe following: Jarasb and Ajlun. The wodcing team has identified about 21 transfonners 1hat may contain PCBs, within this region, owned and operated by Irbid Electricity Distnoution company. Five transformers on operatio.D/PCDF release inventory s 2. D/PCDF release inventory shows the following: Jarash and Ajlun. The working team has iden 3. D/PCDF release inventory shows the following: Jaras 4. D/PCDF release inventory shows the following: Jarash and Aj hm. The working team has identified about 21 transformers that may contain 5. D/PCDF release inventory shows the following: Jarash and Aj lun. The working team has identified about 21 transformers that may contain PCBs1 with.in this region, 16. D/PCDF release inventory &bows the following: 1arash and AJ1un. The working team has identified about 21 transfonners that may contain PCBs, within this region, owned and operated by Irbid Electricity Distnlmtion company. Five transformers on operatio. Jordan Ac:tlon Plan for Perament Orgai,ic Pollutantt (POPI) MirustryofEavironment POPsNP The detected quantities of stockpiles of POPs pesticides and places of their storage are: Name of pesticide & its Stock quantity Place of storage concentration DDT 100% 13015kg Ministry of Health/ stores of the Malaria and Bilharzia Division DDT75% 9130kg Djeldrin 175 liter Ministry of Agriculture/ Yaiouz storehouse Agrocidc 60kg Minis1ry of Agriculture/ MafraQ Directorate The bot spots identified sites are: L Mark.a old solid waste dumping site 2. Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) landfill/ RWiseifa 3. Aqaba old landfill site 4. Kufur Awan solid waste dumping site/ lrbid 5. Tayba solid waste dumping site/ Irbid. 6 . Sorrow solid waste dumping site/ Irbid 7. WadiKattar liquid waste dumping sjte/ Zarqa 8. Sludge disposed in As- Samra area. 9. Chlorine factory fire accident / Zarqa. Govemment of Jordan has been always encouraged non-governmental organizatious and private sector organizations to partnering developmental activities. There are a handful numbers of NGOs are working in the field of environment and ecology. The NGOs are providing both information and services in making a safur environment and also contributes in wastes management of the country. The activities of the majority NGOs in Jordan with regard lo environment ranges from promote safe environment~ preservation of nature and ecology. protection and improvement of environment and obviously raise awareness of the people. Only compatibilities for analyses of pesticide is present in the country. Dioxins, Fmans and PCBs are not being analyzed. The laboratories that anaJyze pesticides are present mainly at; Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Different universities. andRSS. Based on inventories, the national related stakeholder - during a national workshop identified the following major priority areas: 1. Detailed inventory of POPs chemicals 2. Establishment of a National POPs unite 3. lnventozy of "hot spots" Jordan Action Plan for Pereistent Organic PoUut1nt1 cPOP11 4 4. Preventing uncontrolled waste combustion S. PCB/OCP coataining waste management 6. Preparation of new and amendment of existing legislation 7. MonitoriAg of POPs 8. Providing necessary equipment for and training on POPs monitoring 9. Public awareness and education 10. Evalnation of adverse effects on human health 1 J. Measures for the reduction of dioxin and furan emission Minhtry ofEllrironment POPsNIP To imp]em.ent and to meet the requirements of the action plan elements. estimation of the needed budget has been made. This estimation has come to the total value of about 101 million dollar. This is not only to eliminate the POPs quantities found in the inventory but also to modernize the industry .in order to reduce and /or eliroimrte their non-intentional releases. Details of these estimations can be seen in Annex 7 The following Activities will be given high priorities to be implemented dwing the coming few years: 1- Capacity building for implementation of the National Implementation Plan for Stockholm Convention on POPs in Jordan. 2- Store, label and repack for POPs pesticides. 3- Use of Best Available Technologies and Best Environmental Practices (BAT/BEP) in municipal solid waste disposal. 4- Medical waste environmentally sound management 5- Monitoring of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in suspected contaminated locations in Jordan. 6- Proposed comprehensive field survey for electrical equipment. 7~ Appraisal of laboratories aud capacity building of laboratory staff in the area of POPs ftllalysis. Jotdan Ac:tlon Plan for Perament Org&11ic Pollutantt (POPI) Ministry of Eavironment POPsNP 1 Introduction Preparation of the National lmplementation Plan (NIP) The Stockholm Convention (SC) on (POPs) was enacted oo May 22, 2001 . Toe "SC" binds its parties to the elimination of the production and use of POPs; limited use of selected substances is exempted Wlder stringent conditions. Jordan signed the "SC'' on 18/1/2002 and ratified it on 8/11/2004. In order to enable the developing countries to live up to their obligations towards the implementation of the Convention, the GEF has allocated certain fi.mds for that purpose. GEF designated the UNEP as the exchange agency, within a tripartite framework (GEP, UNEP and the beneficiary country), to put this ftmd or financial assistant into effect. The proposed National for implementation the "SC on POPs" in JOidan was prepared in the form of UNEP's Project No. "GF/2732-02-449SLRev.0l" that is entitled "Enabling Activities for the Development of a National Plan for Implementation of the Stockholm Convention on.POPs" Project Objectives: Within the overall objective of the Stockholm Convention, which is to protect bnman health and the environment for POPs; the project will: Prepare tbe ground for implementation of the convention in Jordan; Assist Jordan in meeting its reporting and other obligations under the Convention; and ; Strengthen Jordan•s national capacity to manage POPs and chemicals generally. The project has the following out comes: a- Determination of coordinating mechanism ad organization of Process: this involved tlle establishment of coordinating mechanism, project organization, manageriaJ structure, and approved work plan. b- Establishment of a POPs inventory and assessment of infrastructure and capacity: this involved the evaluation of 1he existing national infrastructure and capacities for the realization of the inventory. The outcomes of this phase were development of the initial national POPs inventory. c- Priority setting and determination of objectives: this outcomes came as a result of the national priorities workshop. d- Formulation of the NIP and action plans on specific POPs: this included the preparation of specific action plans dealing with. POPs., and their evaluation by experts. e. Endorsement of the NIP by stakeholders: this involved the discussion. and concern by aU stakeholders (institutions and groups) through the endorsement: workshops. Jordan Aotion Plan for Pereistent Organic Pollutant• cPOPe1 ------------------------------------- 5 6 Ministry of Environment POPsNIP 1.1 Stockholm Convention The objective of the Stockholm Convention is to protect hwnan health and the environment from POPs. The Convention has identified twelve POPs components. It refers to nine chemicals used only as pesticides (Aldrin, Chlordane, Dieldrin, DDT, Endrin, Heptachlor, Hexachlorobenzene, Mirex and Toxapbane), two industrial chemicals: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and four unintentional by-products(PCDD, PCDF, HCB and PCB). The convention has entered into force on February 17, 2004. The POPs chemicals referred to in the Convention are listed in Annexes A, B, and C of the Convention Appendix t. The commitments under the convention directly relating to the chemicals are stated in Article 3 (refers to the manufactured chemicals), Article 5 (refers to by-products) and Article 6 (refers to stockpiles and wastes of all twelve POPs chemicals). In addition, the parties to the convention are obliged to promote and facilitate awareness, public information and education on POPs (Article 10). 1.2 Persistent Organic Pollutants The tenn Persistent Organic Pollutants" (POPs) is used to describe a class of toxic chemical substances that can harm human health and environment. POPs are long lasting toxic substances that are produced and released into the environment by human activity. Some POPs are produced for use as pesticides; some are for use as industrial chemicals; and some are produced as unwanted by-products of certain chemical and/or combustion processes. For more information about POPs mentioned by the Stockholm Convention see Table 1.1 Properties of POPs POPs are having the following properties: Produced and mobilized into the environment as a result of human activity. Potential to cause harm to human health and/or to the environment. Long life in the environment and not easily or quickly broken down when they are in air, in water, in soil and in sediments. They are persistent in environment. Become concentrated in the environment to levels of concern under circumstances where species accumulate POPs by eating smaller POPs contaminated organisms. Travel long distances in the environment through air, water or migratory species, and accumulate at locations that are distant from the sources of release. Sources of POPs: Among these twelve POPs, some of those used as pesticides and some of those used as industrial chemicals give rise to unintentional by-products of chemical and/or combustion processes. To some extent these categories overlap. For example, PCBs, produced as industrial chemicals in large quantities, may also be generated as Jordan Action Plan tor Persistent Organic Pollutants 1POP8) MimstryofEavironment POPsNP unintentional by-products. Hexachlorobenzene fits into all three categories-; pesticides. industrial chemicals and unintentional by-product POPs - P,esticides: There are nine pesticides. The names and specific uses of these pesticides are given in Table l.l. POPs - Polychlorinated Bipbenyl: Polychlorioatcd biphcnyls (PGBs) are a class of chlorinated hydrocarbons that have been widely used as industrial chemicals since 1930. There are 209 varieties of PCBs. The most commercial PCB, applications ace in the form of mixtures of varieties. Large quantitie5 of PCBs were produced for use as a cooling and dielectric fluids in electric transformers and in large capacitors. These compounds have also been widely used as hydraulic fluids and as heat exchange fluids. PCB, applications have included use as a sealants, as paint additives, as additives in some plastics, as a component of carbon.less copy papers, etc. PCBs can also be formed and released as unwanted by products in some chemical and combustion processes. PCBs are Linked to reproductive fallure and suppression of the immune system in various wild animals, severe human intoxication may occur due to accidental consumption of PCB, containing oils. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified PCBs into Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to human). International production of PCBs was ended in most cowitries by 1980. The major exception to this was in the former Soviet Union countries and some Central EW"Opean ,countries. No country presently reports intentional PCB> production. POPs - Dioxins and Furans: Dioxins and Fw:ans are two classes of chlorinated hydrocarbons. They have never been produced commercially or intentionally except in l>ni.al.l quantities for laboratory purposes and/or as reference standards. There are 75 different dioxin congeners and 135 different furan congeners. 1ARC classifies one congener of dioxin as group 1 carcinogen. (human carcinogen). All others are carcinogenic to animals, Jordan Action Plan for Per1istent Organic PoUut1nt1 cPOP11 ------------------------------------- 7 Minim'y ofEllrironment POPsNIP Tabl<: t.l: POJls Pesticides and Their Uses. Name of pesticide Specific uses Remarks Used to control soil insects such as IARC - Group 3 Aldrin termites, com rootwonn, wireworms, rice (not classifiable as water weevil, grass hoppers etc. and also carcinogenic to to protect wood.en structures from termites. humans) Used as insecticide on agricultural crops Chlordane including vegetables, Slll4ll grains, maize, lARC • Group 2B oilseeds. potatoes, sugaroane. sugar beets, (possibly caroinogeruc fruits, nuts, oottan and jute, and also to to human) control termites IARC -Oroup3 Dieldrln Used for control of soil insects (not clas-si.fiable as to be carcinogenic in human) Used on field crops such as cotton. jute lARC -Group 3 Endrin (not classifiable as and grains as insecticides. It has also been carcinogenic to used as rodenticidc to control mice. humans} Heptacblor Used against soi t insects., cotton insects, TARC -Group 28 grasshoppers, crop pests and against (possibly carcinogenic termites. to humans) Used against ants and to controlleaf Mirex cutters, harvester termites, mealy bug etc. JARC -Group 28 h has a1BO been used as a fin mardant in (possibly carcinogenic plastics. rubber, paint paper and electrical to human) goods. Used primarily on cereal grains, fruits, .IARC -Group 28 Toxaphene nuts vegetables and cotton. It has also been used to control ticks and mites in (possibly carcinogenic livestock:, to human) It is also an insecticide, intensively-used for vector control.in. malaria eradication IARC -Group 28 DDT programme. During the second worJd war (possibly carcinogenic to protect the owps and civtlians from the tobuman) disease. Continues production in many eow1tries for t,ublic health l)W1)0&es. Used as pesticide. It has been widely used IARC -Group 2B Hexach.lorobenzene as fungicide for seed treabnenl It is also (possibly car"Cinogenic (HCB) produced as an unintentional by-product in chemical industries and is present as an to human) impurity, and in combustion process too. 8 ------------------------------------Jol'dan Ac:tlon Plan for Perai8tent Org&11ic Pollutanta (POPI) MirustryofEavironment POPsNP Dioxins and furans are generated as unwanted by-products in a variety of combustion and chemical process. The major sources include waste incinerators combusting municipal waste, hu..ardous waste, medical waste, sewage sludge, etc. Incineration of medical wastes in small and poorly controlled incinerators was found to be a major source of dioxin and furans. Kilns firing of cement industries and open burning of wastes may also generate dioxins and furans. Other dioxins and furan sources are: pulp and paper mills wring chlorine bleach processes, certain thermal process.es in metallurgic industries and chemicaJ production processes. Dioxins and .furans are formed as by-products in a wide range of processes. They are directly disper~ed to the environment and may also be present in manufacturing processes such as extracting raw materials or preparing primary products. Dioxins and furans are persistent in the environment and transfers can occur between media, e.g. from air to water through rain water and by run off from soil to water bodies. This type of transfer may also make an important contribution lO human exposure to these orgamc compounds. Jordan Action Plan for Pereistent Organic PoUut1nt1 cPOP11 9 10 Ministry of Environment 2. Country Baseline (The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) 2.1 Country Profile: 2 .1.1 Location and Climate Characteristics The Kingdom lies in the Middle East and the Arab world, extending between the latitudes of 29°11' N and 33°22' N, and the longitudes of 34°59' E and 39°12' E. The area of the country is 92,000 km 2 , of which more than three-quarters is desert (Figure 1). There are three main geographic regions: Jordan-Valley Region (the Ghor): This has the distinction of including the lowest region on the earth. The Dead Sea surface is ~00 m below normal sea-level. The climate is sub-tropical: hot and dry in summer and warm during winter, with monthly average temperatures ranging between 16°C in winter and 35°C in summer. However, temperatures up to 50°C have been reached, in the shade, during summer. The Zarqa, Yannouk and Wadi Shuib valleys and Jordan River are the major sources of water used for irrigation. LEBANON 0 km Sil 0 ~,1.. 25 Sil 75 • OISI Cl) JllllllAN WU.LI'( ilEG IUII (Z) iHE li!GHLAND REG'C<I iJ) Th'E llA OIA Ra>ION Figure I Map of Jordan O ' Jordan Action Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants 1POPs1 MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP The Highland Region (The mountainous terrain}; The elevation of this region varies between 1000 and 1500 m above normal sea-level During 8llIIllileI', the climate is modcrate and dry, whereas the winters are cold and rainy. The monthly-average temperatures are 10°C in winter and 30°C io summer. The regiOD experiences the highest ramfall in the country; its 3JlDual average being approximately between 300 aTid 550 mm with occasional light snowfalls. Most (i.e. 88 %) of the country' s population lives .in this region; the main cities and towns being located there. The Badia Region (The desert): This plateau ex.tends eastwards from the hlghlaJld region. Its eJevation varies between 600 and 900 m above normal sea-level. Tt comprises most of the country and is. linked with the Arabian Desert. The climate prevails there is very hot, dry and dusty in summer and cold and dry in winter, with montbJy-average: temperatures of 5°C in winter and 37°C in summer. The maximum lcmperatute during tlle summer months usually exceeds 40°C. The average annual rainfall is less than 50 mm, but the amo\llll may vary sigmficantly from year to year. 2.L,2 Population Jordan. population has grown rapidJy dming the last four decades. In 1952, it was estimated to be about 0.586 millions. The first comprehensive popuJation census was carried oul in 19611 and I.be latest in 2003-2004. By 2004, the population of Jordan has reached 5.3 millions. The long-tenn average growth rate, during the period 1961 to 2004 was more than 4 %. This has bee.11 due partially to political instability and military co.nllicts in the region, which fostered several waves of immigration into the country; the last one being in 2003, as a result of the recent Gulf crisis. Approximately 52% of lhe population at present arc students, all with ages of less than 24 years. These are non-wealth-creating, consume- significant amounts of resources and reqtrire the services of others. If this pattern is aUowed to continue. then this ratio could reach as much as 60% by the year 2010. 2.1.2.1 Politi.ea] and Administrative Structw-e The Hashemite kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy which gained independence in 1946. It is located at the center of a complex and dynamic political. social and economic sub- system between fraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Palestine and Israel. Regional tensions ba:ve continuously impinged upon the countty decision• making processes. The Kingdom is an. independent sovereign Arab State. Islam is the religion of the State and Arabic is its official language, System of government is patliamcntary with a hereditary monarchy. The King is the bead of the state, Prime Minister is the Chlef of the government nm by the cubinel ministers. Legislative power i within the P .arliarnent. which consists of the upper and Lower bouse.s. The latter is formed from elected members, where members of the upper house are appointed by the King. The parliament decides on the enactment and amendment of the constitution, passes laws and adopts the state budget. Courts exercises judicial power and the Supreme Coun of Jordan is the highest court., which ensures the implementation of laws and the equality ofall citizeus. Jorden Action Plan for Peraistent Organic Pollutants cPOPe1 ------------------------------------- 11 12 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt p Jordan is divided into twelve admini trative divisions, called govemerates. On top of each govemerate there is a governor. There are 15 main cities and about 600 vi Uages. 2. L2.2 The .Economy Jordan was primarily an. agricultural c-Otllli:ry, but in recent decades the importance of the agricultural sect.or has declined both in teems of its contribution to the national income and as the main source of employmcnL Too country has become more dependent on the manufacturing and service sectors-. as well as upon tounsm and transport activities. For many years, Jordan enjoyed good relations with the Arab Gulf countries. They provided the kingdom with direct financial-support, expanding export markets, and job opportunities for Jordan's ski11cd wotk-force. However, a.c; a result of the sharp drop in oil prices from more than 30 to less than 15 US$ per barrel io 1986, the economy immediately afterwards in the entire region became stagnant. As a result of (i) the associated decline in commercial and industrial activities in the Gulf states, (il) the Gove:rnmc.nt's central economic policies which concentrated on big infrastructure projects financed by the public sector, (iii) the limited financial-resource base of Jordan together with a large external debt (with a debt/GDP nitio of 160 % in l989)1 and (iv) the Gulf crisis of 1990/91 and 2003, the Jordanian economy snff-ered. The income per capita in 1991 1 reached its lowest level with a drop of about 37 ¾ compared with the 1982 level in real terms. In 1989, the Government devised an economic-reform programme in close co operation with both the IMF and the World Bank. This was intended to reduce lhe macro~economic QJlbalance, and restore the nation's financial health. Since then, the Government bas implemented severa1 measures, such as: reducing the state's (including those for military purposes) rates of e,tpenditure, decreasing subsidies and increasing rovemies. The most important actions were: (i) the dcvahwion of the Jordanian dinar to 500/4 of its previous value; (ii) the adoption of flexible exchange tates fm hard currencies; and (iii) decontrolling interest rates in order to encourage private.sector participation in industry and trade. Rescheduling am.ugements for the repayment of the national debt were also agreed with the Paris and London Clubs. The devaluation of the Jordanian Dinar had a major impact on the energy sector, mostly because all of the outstanding national loans were in US dollars at. floating interest-rates. The low-income segment of the population was also affected adversely due to lhe sharp im,Teuse in the cost•of•Iiving. Jordan has achieved good social indicators relative to its income level and established a social-security net to deal with poverty. However, in line with the new policy of tightening the control of resources, there is a need to improve the targeting of poverty payments and to expand the involvement of NGOs, in order to ensure that subsidies reach those truly most in need or where they are most desirable for achieving a sustainable economy. The Gulf crisis, in 1990, damaged the Jordanian economy and led to the complete loss of (i) tile Gulf countries• ex.pan markets as well as their :financial aid, (ii) revenues from transit trades, and (iii) remittances from those wo:rlring abroad. The population rose rapidly by J 0% as a result of such migrant-workers returning, and the Jordan Action Plan for Pers~tent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP unemployment rate increased to a peak of about 25% in J 991 . Despite these adversities, the sharp increase in the Government's received revenue together with the strict control imposed on public expenditure, reduced the national deficit: simultaneously the GDP growth-rate rose and inflation was brought down to 5% in 1991 . ln 1992. the Government continued its "adjustment" prograrmne: a new J 8-montbs lMF Stand-By Ammgement was adopted and a second Paris Club debt-rescheduJing programme was agreed. The high economic gmwth-rate witnessed, in 1992, was mainly due to investments by returning migrant-workers. The comer s[One for the adopted econonnc-rcform programme is the need for sustainable growth ill the productive sectors. The main objectives are: (i) achieving the long-term development goals of reducing poverty and population growth-rate; (ii) mobilising and securing extemal .fin.a:nce by encouraging foreign investments; and (iii( protecting the environment During the period 1992 to 1995, the Government went further in impicmenting its reform plans. A new general-sales tax was introduced, consumption truces as well as unit electricity and some petroleum products' prices were increased, water and sewage charges were raised, and subsidies for strategic commodities such as wheat and bread, livestock feed and food items were removed. It is believed that such plans will reduce the national trade-deficit and increase domestic savings as well as help in mobilising domestic resources by improving the investment environment. The cos.t-of-liviug iode:it was relatively stable during the period 1980 to 1988 but increased sharply during the period 1989 to 2004 due to the devaluation of the Jordanian dinar in 1989, and the removal of Government subsidies. It has .increased more than two and ahalftimcs over the period 1990 to 2000. Jordan is classified as a lower-middle income country whose economy is constrained by limited arable land, and scarce water., mineral and energy resources. Table 2.1 shows a selection of development .indicators for Jordan from ilie UNDP Human Development Report 2004. Jorden Action Plan for Peraistent Organic Pollutants cPOPe1 ------------------------------------- 13 14 Table 2.1: So1ect.ed Development lndieaton for Jordan from the UNDP (l{DR) 2004. No, I Item I Indicator 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 JO ll J2 13 14 15 16 17 18 .Per Life Health ODA received as % of GDP 0.750 5.3 2.1 99 4 220 90 70.9 27.0 412 0.734 8.4 4.6 4.5 90.9 57.7 229 7.4 S.1 The government has also liberalized the trade regime sufficiently to secure Jordan membership in the WTO (2000)1 a free trade accord with the US (2000), and an associa:tiou agreemenl with the EU (2001), These measures have helped improve economic pmduc:tivity and have put Jordan on the foreign investment map. On the other hand, The US-led war in Iraq in 2003 dealt an econmnic blow to JOI~ which was dependent on Iraq for discounted oil (worth S300-S600 million a year). Several Gulf nations have provided temporary aid to compensate for the loss of this oil; when Lhis foreign aid expires, lhe Jordanian government has pledged to raise retail petroleum product prices and the sal~ tax ba5e. Jordan's recent economic performance has exceeded expectations, notwithstanding the negative impact of the ,ongoing Palestinian-lsTaeli conflict. the aftermath .of September 11, 2001, the global war on terrorism and ongoing conflict in Iraq. Real GDP growth was 3.2% in 2003 led by a strong export performance. U bas i.ocreased to 3.8% in 2004. GDP compo itions by sector is: agriculture (3. 7%), Industry (17 .9%), Services (78.4%). The budget deficit, after grants is 1.6% of GDP in 2004. Industrial production increased by 12. l % in the year 2004. Urbanization: The population of Jordan is highly urban. In 1952. only 39.6% of Jordan population lived in W"ban areas. By 2002. the figure had reached 78.7%. Thi increase is largely a result of internal rural - to- urban migration. combined witb the mtlux of refugees and migrants, mainly from Palestine and Iraq. The urban population within Arnma:n1 Irbid and Zarqa govemo:ra:tes now accmmt for 3.378 millions of people, equating almost two-thirds of the total population. of Jordan. Jordan Action Plan for Peraiatent OrganlC Pollutants (POPI,! MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP Unemployment The unemployment rate in 2004 was 12.5% decreasing from 14.5% in 2003 and 18.8% in 1993. Percentage of women's participation in the labor force is 11.2% in 2003 (up from 6.7% in 1979, 9% in 1987, and 6.6% in the period 1991-1994). Women account for around 13.8% of total employed persons, and less than 2% in the government, private sector or trade unions. ■ Health: Jordan's total expenditure on health, based on the latest available statistics. is estimated at $325 millions, around 9% of total GDP. $168 millions of this constitute government expenditure on public health. The average per capita spending is around Sl,657 per year. Jordan's health care system is regarded as one of the best in the region. Jordan is striving ID become a medical hub for the Middle East by offering relatively higb..quality care at comparatively inexpensive rates. • Poverty: The poverty line was about 392.0 JD during 2002, which included about 733,000 citize~ while the poverty incidence is 14.2% down from 2 1.3% in 1997. ■ Selected International Rankings: Jordan's rankmg improved substantially in tbe Global Competitiveness Index (from 44/801n 2002 to 34/102 in 2003). and in the Business Competitive Index. (from 53/80 .in 2002 to 4U101 in. 2003). The main strengths of the Jordanian economy lie in the quality of the educational systcm(27 /102); the availability of scientists and engineern, where Jordan outranks Singapore (12/102); infrastructure quality. (23/102); judicial independence (231!02); efficiency of legal framework (29/102); protection of minority shareholder interests (19/102); and intellectual property protection (22/102). 2..1 .3. Millrmuum Development Goals (MDG) IJJdicators: In 2000. a total of 189 political leaders in the world galllered for their countrie to conectivety sign and endorse the Millennium Development Goals )MDG(. The MDGs COJlSist of 8 time-bound and measurable goals that cover all sustainable development aspects. The 8 goals are further divided into 18 targets and measured by 48 indicators. The MDOs use the 1990 data as baseline for the purpose of attaining the goals by the year 2015. The MDGs encapsulate people's basic aspirations for a better life. Between 1990 and 2015 c01B1tries have agreed to halve extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality, rednce under-five mortality by two thirds, cut maternal mortality by three quarters, combat mv / AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis, ensure environmental sustainability and baild a global partnersbtp for development. The Jordan annual MDO report of 2004 ~ documented the progress towards meeting the MDGs in Jordan. Table 2.2 illustrates the level of achievement as stated in the JoICi.an MDGs report. Jorden Action Plan for Peraistent Organic Pollutants cPOPe1 ------------------------------------ 15 Table 2.2: Jordan's Progres.s in Meeting the MDGs (Jon:lan MDG report 2004) St.ate of Goals Targets Achievement in 2004 l-HaJve~ betweeu 1990 and 2015 the proportion of people whose On Track l • Eradicate extreme income js Jess 1han one dollar a day poverty and hunger 2-Halve, between 1990 and 201S the proportion of people who Sllffer On Track from hunRer 3- Ensure that by 2015 children 2- Achieve universal everywhere, boys and girls alike, On Track primacy education will be able to complete a fu1J coun;e of u1 IUJCU Y schooling 4- F.liminate gender disparity in On track except 3 • Promote gender quality for proportion of and empowerment of primary and secondary education seats held by women preferably by 2005 and in all levels womenin of education no later than 20 J 5 parliament + Eradicate Child 5- Reduce by two-thirds, between On track, except 1990 and 2015 the under five mortality mortalitv rate tuberculosis On track, except 6- Reduce by three-quarters, for maternal S· Tmprove maternal health between 1990 and 2015, the mortality per maternal mortality nmon 100,000 live births. 7- Have it halted by 2015 and begun Strong 6-Com.batHIV/ AIDS, to reverse the spread oflilV/ AIDS malaria and other diseases 8- Have it halted by 2015 and begun to reverse th.e .incidence of malaria Strong and othermajoy diseases 9- lntegrate the principles of sust.ainable development into Potentially country policies and programs 7- Ensure environmental sustainability J 0- Halve by 2-015, the proportion of poop le without sustain.able access Achieved to safe drinking water .11- Have achieved by 2020 a significant improvement in the lives Potentially of at least 100 million slum dwellen, 16 Jordan Action Plan for Persiatent Organic "->ltutante (POPl,1 MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP State of Goals Targets Achievemenl in 8- Developing a global partnership for development 2004 Jordan.is facing the challenge of Goal 8 by working bolh onextemalrefatinns and in internal policies. Government's commitment .is strong on the modernization of the economic and legal frameworks and the tax system. Yet, more efforts have to be made in orderto achieve more effective roles and functions of all the stakeholders within the deve.L Progress in Meeting Ta.rget 7 on Environmental Sustainability: The Jordan annual MOO report of 2004 has documented the progress towards environmental sustainability in Jordan by the indicators developed for the MDG monitoring purposes. Gow 7 of the MDGs is "ensuring environmental sustamability11 and it has three specific targets (targets 9-11 of the MDGs). Cost of Environmental Degradation: 1n. a recent study (2004) conducted by the World Bank the cost of environmental degradation in Jordan was estimated to be 3.1% of GDP annually with a total of205 million ms estimated for five environmental sectors. The most significant negative impacts on health and quality of life was caused by water pollution at an estimated <:ost of 0.71-1.24 peroent. of GDP. Diarrhoeal illness and mortality which damage cost is estimated at ID 31 million per year, a.re caused by a lack of access to safe potable water and sanitation, and inadequate domestic, persona] and food hygiene. Most of those impacted are children. The damage cost of air pollution associated with mortaJity and morbjdity is estimated at around 0.69% of GDP, while the cost of land degradation comes predominantly from range1an.d degradation ( 0.46% of GDP) and soil salinity (0.14% of GDP). The damage cost from inadequate waste collection, associated with R:du.ction in land prices is estimated at 0.11% of GDP. Finally, the coastal degradation iD Aqaba is assessed at around 0.09% of GDP. 2.1.4. Jordan in the Environmental Sustainability Index 2005: The Environmental. Sustainability Index (ESI), developed by the World economic Forum and Yale University benchmarks the ability of nations to protect the environmenl over the next several decades. It does so by integrating 76 data sets tracking natural resource endowments, past and present pollution levels, enviromnental management efforts, and the capacity of a society to improve its envi11omnental performance - into 21 indicators of envirollJllental sustainability. Jordan Action Pia rt for Perai81ent Organic PoJlutants cPOPe1 ------------------------------------17 18 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt p These indicators pennit comparison across a range of issues that fall into the following five bwad categories: Environmental systems • Reducing environmental stresses • Reducing human vulnerability to envir-011mental stresses • Societal and instimtional capacity to respond to environmental challenges Global stewardshlp. In the 2005 ESI .ranking~ Jordan was ranked 84th in a list of 184 countries, with significant retreat from its position of 53nl in 2002. 2 .. 2 lm,1:itutional, Political and Legislative Framework 2.2.J En\'ironmcntal / Sustainable Dcvclopmmrt Policy and Gancral Legislative Framework: Jordan posses~ very limited natural resources: water is scarce~ arable land is limited; and energy sources are few. but the population mcreasing rapidly. This is creating a burden on the limited available natural resources. During the past three decades, the co1.mtry has experienced crucial changes in its infrastructure, i.e. with respect to the housing, commercial, agriculture and industrial sectors. In the absence of environmental legislation, such developments led to adverse impacts on the local cnviromnenL Historicany, oTie of the main objectives of the development plans has been to increase the quantity and value of Jordanian exports, and to sustain the economic gro~ but insufficient attention has been paid to protecting the environment .Increasing industrialization in order lo create an economic base. which will contribute to the growth and prosperity of the c-0untry and the urban development, has resulted i:n several environmental problems with respect lo water, Jand and air•pollution. Moreover, the lack of proper planning, the absence of compreh.ensive environmental regulations, monitoring and management systems. The poor coordination among concerned institutiollS1 have led to increasing pollution problems in Jordan. As a result and in order to combat the deteriorating e:n.vironmental conditions in the country, the government introduced, in 1995. the Bnvironment Protection Law and the General Corporation for Environmental Protection (GCEP) was created, to achieve better environmemal management Recently, early 20031 the Ministry of Environment was introduced to replace the GCEP. During the second half of 1990s, the concerned govemmentaJ authorities and NGOs became aware of the envtronmentaJ consequences of increasmg dependence on fossil .fuels combustion to supply needed energy in dilf erent sectors of the economy and insufficiency of existing regulations end standards. Thus, new rules, by-laws and standards, such as clean air act, emissions from stationary end mobile sour-a:s, .industrial- and waste-water treatment, and hazardous waste, were introduced and enacted. Fm example. water quality regulations made it compulsory to both new and working firms, includin,g energy facilities, to install a proper wastewater treatment plant, which should meet the specified limits of criteria pollutants. Jordan Action Plan for Pers~tent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP MosL of existing power plants and industrial complexes, in Jordan, were construct.eel during 1970s and l 980s. Al that time, there were no effective environmental regulations. In general, power plants and most of factories are operating without any environmentaJ control, except new industries and modem power stations, such as Aqaba Thermal Power Plant. The lattec is properly designed in order to keep ground level pollutant concentrations within limits of some international codes. This is achieved by constructing stacks wltb height of about l20 m to keep the site free from polJu.tion. Wlule other power stations and large industnal plants have cbjmneys with an average height of between 45 and 55 m. Wastewater discharges from all working power stations are considered to be zero emission, since wastcwater is collected in adequate evaporation ponds. Heavy foel oil (RFO), wilh higb sulpbw- content of about 4% by weight, 1s the main fuel used lo supply power plants and industrial activities in Jordan. In 200 I, HFO consumption was more than 40% of the total national demand. and about 88% of the total electricity generated was produced using HFO, as shown in Fig. 1. Diesel fueL with average sulphur content of 1% by weight, supplies gas turbines, which are operated only to satisfy electricity demands during peak-load periods and emergencies: it!ll share was less than 0.02% for el~llicity generated in 200 L H1gb costs prevented the old and new power plants firing fuel oil from being equipped with flue gas desulphurisation systems. But recently the concerned authorities became aware of environ.mental consequences of fossil fuels, especially HFO, consumption and tile inadequacy of local standards. Thus, natural gas will be imported from Egypt to substitute for HFO used in power pi.ants and large industries. The conversion of Aqaba power plant to be dual firing, i.e. HFO to natural gas, is under way and most probably it wm be ready next year. But there are still a number of actions and policy issues that should be implemented in the future in order to enhance the efficiency and reduce current rate of pollutant emissions. To summarise, more sustainable developments could be achieved in Jordan, if the popuJetion growth is sillbilised iD the Jong run. Moreover, the foTiowing points should be taken seriously: • Harnessing renewable sources when tlleir economics are attractive and increasing oflkiency of resource use. • Adopting more efficient eoergy•thrift and enviromnental►protection policies by integrating environmental. social, and economic goals in the development. planning and implementation stages of all state and private projects. • lmple.mcnting economic-energy-pricing methodology in order to enhance energy efficiency in the country through eliminating energy subsidies. Equally import.uot is that the government should make sure that i.ubsidies reach those truly most in need, or where they are most desirable. for achieving a sustainable economy . .Development Of Environmental Regulations: For actions to preserve the environment the government had until L995, to rely on laws. which were designed to regulate other sectors, regions, et"Vices and activities. There were articles in at least 18 laws and 8 regulations dealing with preservati011 of environmental resources in Jordan. Jorden Action Plan for Pen1181ent Organic Pollutants cPOPe1 ------------------------------------- 19 20 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt p Those laws were pertaining to specific sectors: water. agriculture, antiquities, quaaies ... etc. as well as 10 regions: Aqaba. Jordan Valley Authority, and also some specific activities: Trallic Law, Cra.lls and Industries Law, Municipahties Law, etc. Most of these laws date back to the fifties and the sixties when environmental awareness was still limited, and environmental stress less noticeable. As result. there was duplication and over-lapping between the laws~ as well as many gaps, when environmental issues are considered. The National Environment Strategy for Jordan, developed in J 991, pointed out all these legal difficulties and strongly recommended the introduction ofa special environmental legislation~ In 1995 a new comprehensive environmental law was enac1ed by 1he Government which was intended to regulate various activities in the country in an environmentally safe way and which includes monitoring & compl.umce provisions. The law specifically provides for the creation of a central aut.bority to manage Jordan's environment and implement the new environmental legislation.This lnw has been repealed by the Environmental Protection Law J/2003 in 2003. Enviro-nment Protection Law No. I for 2003: The ma.in law governing environmental management m Jordan is the Environment Protection Law No. I for 2003, which has established for the first time the Ministxy of Environment (MoEnv .) in Jordan. The law considers the Ministry of Environment to be the competent authority for the protection of environment in the Kingdom. and the official and national authorities shall be bound to implement the regulations and instructions issued under the provisions of this law which gives the Ministry alJ the juridical powers it requires for implementing the law. A number of regulations have been adopted since 2003. Enviromnenta1 Regulations; Regulation of aturc Protection • Regulation ofEnviromnent Protection from Pollution in Emergency Case • Regulation of Water Protection. • Regulation of Air Protection. • Regulation of Natural Reserves and National Parks. • Regulation of Management, Transpon and Handling of Harmful and • Hazardous Substances. • Regulation of Solid Wastes Management Regulation of Environment Impact Assessment • Regulation of Soil Proteotion. The Air Protection regulation number 28 for 2005 was issued to provide the legal powers for the Ministry of Environment in conducting and enforcing air monitoring programmes. The regulation is based on the "Polluter Pays Principle'' tbal commits the polluting facility to pay for any remediation and mitigation measureS-, whether technical or financial to curb pollution sources. Jordan Action Plan for Pers~tent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP .Economic and Free Trade Regulations and Legislations: Jonlan1s negotiations with the WTO did not include any environment.al. provisions, as the WTO agreements do not contain a specific agreement dealing with the environment, However, environmental implications of Jordan' entry into the WTO are cross-sectoral with various ai--pects and agreements signed with the wro, mainly SPS, TRIPS, GA TS. GA 1T and dispute settlement mechanisms. As for the Jordan-USA Free Trade agreement, the circumstances are different The Jon.Ian US free trade Agreement has a set of unique features pertaining to environment. It is only t.be second ftee trade agreement Rigned by the US and has environmental provisions in its body (the first was NAFI' A). The inclusion of environmental provisions and principles in the text of the agreement is consistent with a global trend in integrating trade and environment issues to safeguard the option of sustainable development. It is expected that future trade agreements must bave environmental provisions. or will be subjected lo skepticaJ public scrutiny upon -negotiation end implementation. The language in Article 5 of the Agreement was written in a general and flexible way to ensure smooth and effective implementation by both parties and maximizing opportunities preBcnted by the agreement for the Jordanian economy as well. The four key principles that. energize this agreement are as follows: Ensuring sustainable development; Maintaining high level of environmental protection, Nol lowering environmental standards to promote trade; and Effective enforcement of environmental laws and regulations. The most important points that can be derived out of the text of Article 5 are the following; Domestic environmental standards and reguJations should not be lowered or relaxed in order to attract investors or encourage trade. This will require c-0ntiJwous .monitoring and effective enforcement of enviromrumt laws. A party should not fail to effectively enforce its environmental laws through a sustained. The text were defines the incidents that can be challenged as a failure in effective enforcement as 0 sustained and recurring"'. Which means that rapid and effective monitoring should be applied to developmental facilities end activities and where rcmediation action should be taken to prevent individual .incidents from tnming into a continuous failure. 2.2.2. Roles and Responsibilities of Ministries. Agencies and other Governmental Institutions lnvolved in POPs Life Cycle Jordan has more than a single agency that look after all environmental issues. Many ministries and institutions are involved. directly or indirectly, with their respective capacity and duties assigned to theIJL Jorden Action Plan for Peraistent Organic Pollutants cPOPe1 22 Ministry of Environment p However, the ma.in organ of the government with respect to environmental protection and conservation is the Ministry of Environment (Mo.Env), which was ~lished in 2003. MoEnv was given the ultimate power of controlling air pollution, protecting habitats and conservation of :;oil, water and other uatural resouroes and setting enviromnenta.l staodards. The Mirustry ofEnVJrOnment 1S responsible for the management of hazard substances and waste in the country, formulates the framework of policies and action plans pertinent to chemicals and waste management in corporation wnh the other related agencies and authorities. T.he MOEnv is the focal point for the main international agreements related to chemicals and waste management. Other relevant agencies that will participate in the chemicals and waste management include: Ministry of Health regulates the import and handling of chemicals for their impacts on health. thust enforcing chapter 9 uCbemica.ls" of Public Health Law No 54/2002. This gives the MOH more mandate in controlling and managing chemicals in a manner that does not pose any harm to human health. Ministry of Agriculture is concerned with the use of pesticides, fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals. The Ministry also regulates the manufacturing, import, export and the use of these chemicals at the national level. The MOA, moreoverJ issues import, export and local production pennits for agricultural chemicals. Miu:isl:ry of Finance / Custom Department one of il is responsibility to enforce the national regulations implementation on controlling import and export of chemicals and make. The Custom Department should lay down the ground for a proper infras1ructnrc to facilitate the .implementation and enforcement of .national legislations. • Ministry of Interior: •• The public security Directorate (Police Department): responsible in charge of licensing transport vehicles of chemicals. Civil Defense Directorate: One of its major resporuribilitics is to cope with. • chemical accidents and emergencies. Their approval is required prior to construction of a new chemical industry regarding its location, chemical safety, fire prevention and fire fighting. Ministry of Industry and Trade respons1l>le for regulating the import and export of trade permits. Ministry of Finance has a central role in financial resource allocations for chemicals-related activities; Ministry of Foreign Affairs usually coordinate all international aspects of chemicals and waste management, Government printin.g/publicatious offices are generally concerned wrlh the publication and distribution oflaws, regulations and other government documents Ministry of Justice or Legal Affairs is generally concerned with the development and enforcement of laws and regulations, Ministry of Planning and international cooperation priman1y deals with economic planning (and land use/regional development). This ministry cao also often deal with the donation or receipt of development assistance, which could include cbemicals for agricultural use, technical or -financial assistance for the Jordan Action Plan for Persiatent Or;ante ~llutante (POPl,1 - MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP development of chemical industries, or technicaJ assistanc~ for the management of chemicals; Ministry of Transport is concerned with the safe transportation of chemicals. Besides, many Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have been engaged in the process of environmentaJ protection. Some are active on environmental issues. Among all NGOs working in Jordan which are exceeding 600 societies, only 9 are concerned with environmental improvement and protection. The most active NOOs in environmental protection are: Friends of Environment Society. Jordan Enviro.nment Society Jordan Engineers Association Jordan Society for Desertification Control and Badia Development. Royal Society for Conservation. of Natme. Jordan Society for Conservation of Marine Environment. The National Society of Environment and Wild Life. Fertile Crescent Society. Friends of &Ith. 2.2.3 Relevauthrt:emational Commitments and Obligations The Hashemitc Kingdom of Jordan is part to several international agreements concerned with the hazardous chemicals and their management and disposal, and identifying environmentally-safe alternatives. These agreements are as follows: Basel Convention on The Control of Tnmsboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes And Their Disposal Jordan signed the agreement and it bas entered into force in 1992. Subsequently, the Hruardous Chemicals Management and Handling By-Jaw No. 44 for 1999 was issued. And based thereon, a technical committee for the management of harmful SJ"ld hazardous materials was formed and tasked with, inter alia: Classification of the harmful, .hazardous, prohibited and restricted matmals and their wastes, specification of the basis and rules necessary for transpon of harmful materials. Montreal Protoool on Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer: For purposes of full implementation of the agreement and its amendments, Jordan. started implementation of the Methyl Bromide Phase--out Project in J 999, with the Ministry of the Environment being tbe Supervismg Agency. the Ministcy of Agriculture and the National Center for Agricultural Research & Technology Transfer being the Implementing Agencies, and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the GTZ being the Funding Agencies. Jordan Action Pia rt for Perai81ent Organic PoJlutants cPOPe1 ------------------------------------- 23 Ministry of Environment POPINIP Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC): Jordan ratified the Convention on 22/7/2002. Consequently, the fonner Public Corporation for Environment Protection (presently, the Ministry of Environment) was assigned a.s the Designated National Focal Point for Chemicals., and the Ministry of Health as the Designated National Authority for Pesticides, for purposes of jmplmnenting the Convention. Stockholm Convention for Persistent Organic .Pollutants (POPs): This agreement was signed in 2001, and Jordan ratified it in November 2004. A ·national plan was set for implementation of the agreement. The Persistent Organic .Pollu.bmts ationaJ Plan Project is implemented as a response to the International cooperation concerning the huards of organic pollutants lo human beal!h and the environment l•ollowing Jordan-s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), the national legislation has been adjusted and up-dated to coincide with the pertinent international .agreements. This process included. among other, the newly issued Agriculture Law No. (44) for 2002; and thereafter, the pesticide registration, handling. import, rnanufactu.re and trade directives were developed to suit the reqo1rements of the lntemational Code of Conduct for .Handling of Pesticides ( directive No, 22/Z/2003). 2.2.4 Description of Existing Legislations and Regulations ~g POPs Jordan was one of the fm't countries to in the region take effective measures to protect human health and environment. "Regarding POPs, several legislative tools were introduced to ban and restrict its use and handling. Annex 1 shows a li.st of legislations related to persistent organic pollutants, their aim. responsible authorities to implement them and the persistent organic pollut.arus caused by these legislations, and AnncJt 2 shows banned and usage rcclistrictcd POPs .nccording to PJC Lists General regulations related to the management of POPs: 1. The temporary law of.Environment Protection No. l year 2003. 2. The temporary Jaw of Ministry of Health No. 54 year 2002. 3. The temporary law of Ministry of Agricullurc No. 44 year 2002. Agricultural fertilizers controlled by the resolution issued in accordaoc~ of article 52-57. Compacting agricultural pets controlled by the resolution issued in accordance with article 53-63 of Ule law of Agriculture. Pesticides regulated by resolutions issued in accordance with articles 7~75 of the law of Agriculture. Animal disease by resolutions iss11ed in accordance with article 168 paragraph (Y) oflhe law of Agriculrure All these .resolutions are issued according to the old law (law of Agriculture, year 1973). 4. Medical W a.stes Management Instructions No. ( 1) year 2001. 5. The Management and Handling of Hazardous and Harmful Substance by law No (24) year 2005. 6. Crafts and Industry Law No. 16 year 1953. 24 Jordan Action Plan for Persqtent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP 7. Export and Import Law No. 2l year 2001. 8. Export and lmportBylaw No. 74year 1993. 9. Export and Import Instructions No. J year 1999. 10. Jordani!lD Labor Law No. 60 year 2002. 11. Labor Protection Instructions of Environmental Risk Issued in Accordance with Resolution of the article 79 of the work: law. U . Special Resolution in Dangerous. Exhausting or Health Harming Work for Teenagers. 13. Special Resolution to Restricted Worb to.Hire Womenyear2001 14. Civil Dc.fense Law No. 18 year 1999 and the Modified Temporary Law No. 57 year2002 15. Cusloms Department By lhe new customs pricing regulation which eliminated the chemical materials through definite chapters of the law of custom 16. Customs Laboratories Regulation No. 59 year 1969 17. Bylaw of the Ports Institution No. 5 year 1961 l 8. The Tramfer of RazaTdous or Explodable Materials lssued According to the Resolution of section 2. paragraph A article 46 of the temporary Traffic law No. 47 year 2001 19. Organizing Law of Electricity No. 49 year 2002 20. Free Zones Law No. 32, year 1984 21. Investment in the free Zone Bylaw No. 32 year 1984 22. Regulations of the Storage and Investment.sin the Free Zone No. 32 year 2000 23. Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority Law No. 32 year 2000 24. Law of Organir.ations and Development of lhe lnvesbnent Enviromnent to the ASEZE No. 1 t year 2000 25. Bylaw of Recording and Licensing Establishments in ASEZE No. 13 year 2000 26. Bylaw of Environment Protection in ASEZA No. 21 year 2000 27. Customs Bylaw in the ASEZANo. 9 year 2000 28. Regulations of the Storage and Handle 29. Hazardous Goods and Ships Regulation No. 51 year 1961 30. Law of Standards and Metrology No. 22 year 2002 31. Temporary Law of Traffic No. 47 year 2001 and No. 23 year 2002 32. Jordan Valley Authority Law No. 19 year l988, which ha& been modified by the modified law No. 30 year 2001 33. Air Proteotion By•law No.28/2005 34, Soil Protection Bywlaw No. 25/2005 35. Environmental Protection from Pollution in Emergencies By-law No. 26/2005 36. Environment Impact Assessment Dy-law No. 3 7 /2005 3 7, Management and Handling of Hazardous Waste Regulation of 2003 Although there are various pjeccs of1egislation that ar~ linked or related to chemical materials. This legislation relates chemical material in genera] and without specifying. In addition these pieces of legislation do not cover all the stages of the handling of chemical materials, according to the persistent organic materials which ban the handline of most of persistent organic .materials menrioned according to Stockholm convention. Jot'dar1 Action Plan for Perail'fent Organic Pollutant, tPOPtl -----------------------------------25 26 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt p .Lack of the existing legislations could be attributed to many reasons, of which. are: 1. Lack of having a lllllquc legislation which cover chomical materials generally the iDexistence of a: by law special to persistent orgnnic material. 2 . Shortage of professional staff to conduct tasks given to them which has relation to persistent organic compounds. 3. Variety of parties which do the monitoring without coordination which resulted to disseminate efforts without achieving the pwpose of the targeted aim. 4.. Not .having concerned parties working on morutot and execute legislations even effective. 5. Following the script without the analysis and not giving it the required flexibility . 2~2. S Key Approaches and Procedures for POP, Chemical and Pesticide Management Including Enforoemcot and Monitoring Requirement Undesirable effects for POPs have become increas.ingly apparent in recent years in Jordan. Pesticides are by nature toxic to one or more funns of life. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides are persistent and biological active chemicals, causing barmfuJ side effects on the long run to man and to the local as well as the global environmenL 2.2.S. l Pesticides: At present, there are about 300 imported and locally fonnulated pesticides referring to about 200 pesticides common .names in Jordan. These are registered through the registration committee in the ministry of Agriculture. None of these pesticides belong to chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. At present, there is no manufacturing, formulation, import and legal U5e for any chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide m Jordan. In pesticides roles and ActN of 2002 and 2003, general rules and instructions are shown. Accordingly, precise regulations have to be addressed and developed in the future on many aspects and uses of pesticides. Many properties and effects of pesticides shollld be knowo before farmers use them, several other properties of pesttcide& are little explored and poorly understood. at the present time mctuding their mechanism ,of actio~ toxicity to hmnan, toxicity to pests, side effects on non targets. pathways of transportation. metabolism, degradation and contamination of food. soil, water, air, wild life and .natural enemies to pests and long term effects on human and environment. Pesticides should pass several tests before being used by t.be farmers such a.q chemical, physical, analytical, toxico]ogica]t physiological and econollllc quality tests. The proposed label for a pesticide with all supporting data and waiting period. should be clenr and precise when submitted for pesticide registration in Jordan. Technical material and diffurent formulations of pesticides should be registered. The pesticide containers ~ an important element of the product which is the responsibility of the manufacturer. A II pesticide products should be packed in .suitable, clean and strong enough containers. The transportation and storage of pesticides must be subject to laws. A complete .inventory of all pesticides in the storage area is essential. All pesticide stocks must be examined periodically for leaks. spills, or any sign of deterioration. Jordan Action Plan for Pers~tent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP The proper handling and disposal of empty pesticide containers is the responsibility of the person, company or other organization that used and emptied the full containers. Improperly empty container may become a serious safety hazard to ~ livestock, pets, wildlife, fish and birds. Empty containers may contaminate water, soil, air and food. Pesticide application equipment may play an important role in the success of pesticide c-0ntro] to the pest Proper pesticide ca.1 ibration is another factor for pesticide success to control pests. Preventing exposure of by standers at all stages of pesticide use is impo~ in addition to protect pesticide applicators and field workers. Pesticide residues in food commodities and feed should be regU.lated and monitored for many years. Pesticide residues in soil, air, water should also be taken into consideration for its significant impommce. Existing reguJations for controlling tbc smuggling of banned pesticides aze not sufficient. Some of the above mentioned gaps in the existing law ~t be addressed ad amended in the future. In addition. environmentally soUI1d disposal of POPs pesticides wastes has to be tackled in the relevant legislation taking .into consideration BAT and PEP end induce 'pollute pays concept'. Priority Set Up: The following actions should be taken to comply with the Stockholm convention. l. Define stockpiles of existing banned POPs pesticides and their quantities in various suspected places in Jordan 2. .Label and repack.of POPs pesticides properly 3 . StoR: and /or dispose of pesticides stockpiles in an environmentally sound manner 4. Trans~boundary movement of POPs pesticides sbouJd be clearly and precisely regulated and must comply with international conventions. 5. Train members of custom department and enforce monitor illegal POPs pesticides at points of entry to the country 6. The custom act should contain all POPs pesticides to impose banning their en.try to the country 7. Residues of POPs pesticides m commodities should be cliuified in the exiting law impose ban on contaminated com1ties within certain criteria. Residues of POPs pesticides in soil, water and air should have certain maximum residual levels Jordan Action Pia rt for Perai81ent Organic PoJlutants cPOPe1 -------------------------------------27 28 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt p 22.5.2~ PCBs: There is no specific legislation controlling handling and disposal of equipment contaminated with PCBs. yet this is covered in by Jaw no. 24/2005, management of bu.ardous and harmful substances, its transport and handling and regulation on handling of.huardous waste of 2003. However, a ban on importing and using PCBs and preparations containing more than 0.005% PCBs by weight was imposed by a decree issued by the Ministry of Health in the official gazette No. 4717 dated 16/8/2005. Daring the survey is was found 1.hat obtaining detailed or sufficient infonnation about the present status of PCBs from electric sector and large industria.l companies in Jordan is extremcly difficult due to the absence of accurate documentation for used a11d damaged or broken electric equipment, particularly electric generators prior to 1980. The authorized workers .in the power sub-sector do not test for oil quality before oil change OT makc~up of electrical trmm'ormers. Most workers in operating and maintaining electric equipment and devices containing oils with PCBs are not aware of the hazardous effects of such compounds. During maintenance of these tools. worker sometimes mix dilferent oilB which might probably become contaminated with PCBs. Used oils are sometimes sold to some merchants to sell it for different uses. Tenders for purchasing new electric tools do not add a condition concerning these tools to be free of any contamination with PCBs. A survey conducted in Jordan by lhe Royal Scientific Society in 1991 aiming to check the presence of PCBs in oils in electrical transfonners; revealed no significant concenkalion of PCBs. The concentrations r.mged between 0.11-2236 ppm which is .internationally acceptable. Ali mentioned .above PCBs .residues in Jordan are not well regulated to match the Stockholm Convention which aims to get rid of these pollutants. The present regulations must emphas-is on local Laws including ban of uses, production. import and export. Tmplementation of laws should be activated by penalties, lo have good documentation of PCBs. making regular tests on oil quality in electric tools~ not mixing oils togethe~ and not selling -used oil. The existing law should force workers dealing witb electric equipment to have sufficient training on PCBs contamination and its hazards to mankind and the environmcn1. Furthmnore, the existing laws should be modified to contain items for regulating safe ways of handling, labeling, storage, transport and disposal ofPCBs. Priority Set Up: The most feasible actions, concerning electrical equipment that co.ntain PCBs and suspected polluted sites, are discussed in detail later on. It is anticipated that the GOJ. represented by the Ministry of Environment, will take necessary actions in accordance with requirements of the Stockholm Convention, bul upon availabilily of needed funds. Jordan Action Plan for Persqtent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP 2.2.S.3. Unimentional By-products There are several laws concemmg chemicals management and emissions in genernJ, but1here are no ·rules or regulations particularly concerning unintentional by-products, except for regulation no. 1/2001 on the Management of Healthcare Waste, which tackles the issue of dioxin and furan. emissions from medical waste incineration process and specifies, based on international criteria, limits for the emissions. There are oo laboratories in. Jordan speciahsed in monitoring these unintentional by products. Some olher legislation includes articles to reduce emissions in the context of environment protection. These articles are found, for instance, in the following legislations: The Waste Management By-law prevents the open burning of wastes; R:egu)ations for Management and Handling the Hazardous Waste specjfies that hazardous wastes and their emissions should be controlled; The Air Protection By-law controls the emissions from different sources; Controls are also found in the regulations for the use and handling of waste oils. The laws concerning chemicals and emissions are not well enforced up to the present time. Howevei"J it is difficult to obtain accurate estimations for unintentionaJ by product emissions. Most unintentional by-product emissions come out from the public, governmental sector which makes it easy to enforce the c.xisting legislation and to issue and enforce new legisla.tion. For some reasons, the most convenient solution, and the best available practice in Jordan to dispose house hold waste is land filling instead of burning. Other alternatives. supported by legislation, applying best av1Ulable technologies and best available practices, can be adopted. Examples of suob. alternatives are: Separation and recycling waste is a good policy to minimize the waste quantities and to make use of such wastes. Better management of medical waste, including separate collection, sto:rage. tramportatio~ and treatment. Using of unleaded auto.mobile fuel Encouraging the use of natural gas as a source of energy. as well as, methane produced from waste. Environmental education on the unintentional by-products is needed for public and private workers. Training on monitoring of u:ni:nronti.onal by-products is essential in Jordan. Priority Set Up: I . Effective enforcement of the legislation concerning unintentional by-prod.nets and associated emissions needs new legislation. 2 Improved focus is required to control open b~ of solid waste, such as in landfill fires, and authorities need to CODKider technical altema1ivcs so as to comply with best environmental practices; Jordan Action Pia rt for Perai81ent Organic PoJlutants cPOPe1 ------------------------------------- 29 30 Ministry of Environment POPINIP 3. Manage and incinerate the medical wastes according to the scientific basis and sound technologies. 4. Processes for handling of sludge from wastewater treatment plants needs to be evalnated 5. Statutory authorities should eDBUre safe storage of the PCBs and adopt safe climinatioo .measures of the PCB stockpiles and wastes; 6. POPs informabon exchange needs to be cx.lcodcd to include all stakeholders, interested parties a:nd individuals as a means of strengthening the cooperation with the international community with regard to POPs information exchange. 7. There is a need to strengthen the involvement of different sectors in POPs .management areas. This involvement should include private, academic and research. sectors. 8. Sectoral and public awareness regarding POPs hazards, needs to be reevaluated aod POPs bBDdJers need to be trained on safe handling procedures and inlroduce POPs issues shouJd be addresse.s through education process. Jordan Action Plan for Perai.atent Organic Pollutant, (POPIJ l\1misfrf of Eavitonmeot PO NIP 2.3 Assessment of POPs Issue in Jordan 2,3.l Asscsmieo.twitb respcctto annex A, Part l Chemicals (POPs Pesticides) IDtroduction Jordan was one of the first countries m the Middle East to take prompt and appropriate decisions to protect human health and environment against the hazards caused from using chlorinated organic (POP) pesticides, as classified in the Stockholm Agreement (Annex A. Pan I, Chemicals: POP pesticides include: Dieldrin. Aldrin, Endrio Hcptachlor, HexachJorobenzene, Toxaphene, Chlordane, Mirex), and Annex B~ Part I. Chemicals: DDT). This is due to the fact that POP pesticides tend to accumulate in human and animal fat tissues and are of stow degradation in the various environmental elements. Jordan, lherefore, has taken unilateral measures by holding the use and handling of such pesticides since the early eighties for purposes of controlling agricultural p~, while aJlowing their use for control of disea...c vectors till 1995. 2.3.1.1 Historical background The tenn "Ministry of Agriculture" was first used in the government establishment records itt 1939. The reCOids available at the .Ministry of Agriculture, indicated 1hat the pesticides used in Jordan during the period 1952-1957 were agricultural pesticides (fungicides, insectfoides and rodent toxins) and mainly were Mercury compounds, phosphorus, as well as chlorinated pesticides. Records indicated also tha1 import of organophophate pesticides bas &tarted in 1958. Records of the Ministry of Health indicated that import and use of the DDT pesticide started in 1959 for purpose of controlling disease vectors, particularly the Anopheles mosquitoes which cause Malaria. The Ministry of Agriculture has actually started performing its role in contro11ing the import of pesticides at the beginning of 1966, wben it adopted classification based on the chemfoaJ group. The POPs pesticides represented the largest quantity consumed (le. 83,000 kg in 1966). It should be not.ed that the majority of the POP pesticides were imported, not manufactured locelly1 except those designated as veterinary drugs. Local preparation of these has started when the first pesticide factory was established to produce veterinary drugs in 1976. The Agriculture law was issued in 1973, and Article 65 thereof provided infonnation of tbe Agricultural Pesticides Committee, which was entrusted with the duty of selecting or specifying the kinds of agricultuml pesticides that are permitted for circulatio~ and specifying their prioe1 specifications, registration conditions. as well as conditions of their trade. A technical committee, composed of representatives of the various specializ.ed governmental and academic agencies was formed in 1975 for purposes of registration of the pesticides entering the Kingdom, studying their Jordan Action Plan for Per1i81ent Organic Poilutante cPOPe1 31 32 potential risks and recommending prohibition of their entry if it was proven that they are harmful to human hea1th and/or enviromnenl Pursuant to the Pesticide Registration Committee's resolution in its mooting No. 68 dated 29/10/l980, a decision prohibiting the POP pesticides was taken based upon studies carried out by the United States Agency for Environment Protection. The Minislzy of Health acted strictly and promptly and slopped using the DDT in 1993, and a decision prohibiting it completely was issued in 1995. The Ministry of Agriculture plays an important role in the field of controlling pesticides. The first laboratory for pesticide resirluc analysis in agricultural products was c.~tabJished 1n J 982 with funds provided by the German Technfoal Cooperation Agency (GTZ). This lab participates in implementing the regional projects for the safe use of pesticides, aod conbibutes to studies conducted on residue analys,s of imported, as well as locally-produced. products. 1n addition, the pesticide analysis laboratory was established in 1986 and carries out quality control tests on pesticides on the basis of the F AO international standards. 2.3.1.2 Assessment of the l>estioides' Impact on Agricultmal Pest Control a. Target POPs pesticides: Table 2.3 shows the target POP pesticides which were used for control of agricultural pests, date of prohibition, .kind of pesticide, mode of action and their trade names. Jordan Action Plan for Pers~tent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ Mlnis1ry of Environment 10Ps1NIP Table 2.3: Annex A, Part I, Chemicals (POPs): Common Name Aldrin Dieldrin Endrin Ileptacltlor Trade Name Aldrex' • 'Octalenc' • Dieldrin UL V Endrex' • 'Mendrin' • 'Nendrin' * Drino:x. Jordan ~ctlar, Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutam.s-cPOPt) Pesticide Group Tosecticide Insecticide Mode of Action Non.systemic insecticjde with contact. stomac~ and respiratory action. Contact and ingested insecticide. Tns.ecticide I Contact insecticide. Non-systemic insecticide with Insecticide I contact. stmnach, and some reSJ)iratory action CAS. No 309--00-2 60-57-74-9 72-20-8 76-44-8. Date of Prohibition 29/10/) 980 29/10/1980 29/10/1 980 29/10/1980 Reason for Prohibition According to FTC According to PIC Very toxic &. according to PlC A.cconiing to PIC 33 Common Name Trade Name Hexachlor-0-benzene I Toxaphin40 EC, chompcchor, Toxaphene I Strobane~T, ToxakiJ )camphechlot( Magnum-44 ltox' "(; t Agron.ex Hepta' • 'Attac'• Chlordane I Compound K. Mirex DecbJonme' • I 1Mirex' * 34 Pesticide Group I Fungicidal seed treatment lnsecticide Mode of Action CAS. No Se]ective fungicide. Acts by fumigant I action on fungal lJ 8-74-1 I spores. Non-systemic, contact and ingested insecticide I 800 l •.35-2 I with some acaricidal action Nonpsystemic insecticide with I Insecticide I contact, stomach. I 57-74-9 I and resp.imtory action. i ln8ectici.de I Ingested insecticide I 2385-85-5 I Date of Prohibition 29/10/1980 29/10/1980 I I I I .Mi:Dbtry of Enviromrumt Reason for Prohibition POPsNIP. According to PJC According to 'PIC According to PJC Not used inJo:rdan Jorda,1 Action Plan far Perststent Orgat1lc Polhltama (POP.81 Mmislr)' of Eavitonment PO NIP b. Imported and Used Quantities of Annex A, Part I, Chemicals (POPs): Table 2.4; shows the quantities of POP pesticides imported during the petiod 1966-1985. (t can be concluded that Dieldrin was the gre~ in use due to its control of desert locust; during the period 1966-72. It was followed by BHC pesticjde wbicb was used for control of pests in stores and food stuff storehouses, as well as for control of household insects during the period 1966-85. Endrin was used from 1967-79 for c-0ntrol of Aphids~ rodents, worms, leaf hoppers, and thrips~ and Toxaphene was used during the period 1968-76 for control of rodents WOI'ID8, thrips, aphids and Jeaf hoppers. Heptachlor, on the other hand, was used for control of cut worms, termite, and beetles on some crops such as barley, broad beans. cauliflowers, citrus~ maize and tomatoes~ as well as some ornamental plants, during the period 1967-77. n should be noted here that re,eords show that no quantities of Mirex pesticide had been imported or used in Jordan. Jorden Action Plan for Peraistent Organic Pollutant• cPOPe1 Table 2.4: Quantities of POPs pesticides imported during the period 1966-1985. BHC LINDANE ALDRIN DlALDRIN 500 HEPTACHLOR 4000 ENDRIN DICOFOL END.RJN 800 TotaJ DHC BNDRIN CHLORDANE 25000 ENDRIN 500 Total 25500 LINDANE 52900 DDT 400 DlALDRIN 200 llEPTACHLOR 1550 ENDRIN CHLORDANE BHC 28S00 DIAL.DR.JN 500 ALDRIN 500 HEPTACHLOR 1000 DICOFOL 250 36 Jordan Action Plan for Perai.atent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP Total BHC DICOFOL Jordan Action Pia rt for Perai81ent Organic PoJlutants cPOPe1 30000 1508 31508 30000 LSOO 31500 37 38 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt c. Categories of Altera.ate Pesticides Currently Used and Available in the Jordaman Markets: POPsNIP There are about one thousand pesticides acting as alternatives for POP pesticides belonging to the foJlowmg groups : 1- Pyrethriods, 2- Organopho sphates, 3- Carbamates, 4· Dithiocarbamates, 5- Avermectins, 6- Insect growth regulator and neunicotonoieds Table 2.S shows the results obtained from data contained in the questionnaires that were completed by farmers. It can be concluded that the fanners are committed to the use of the allemative pesticides that are available in local markets, which arc of lower impact and lower persistence, md are permitted by the Ministty of Agriculture for import and use. Jordan Action Plan for Perai.atent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ Mllliltry of Envtromnent POPs1NIP Table 2.5: Results Obtained From Data Contained in the Questionnaires That Were Completed By Farmers in 2004 Amman Madaba Maftaq Agricullure Directorate Ajloun Qwaysma/Yaduda Naur Muwager Wadi Seir AJ-Jeezab. Hayan Khaldiyah Al-Ba.dya Assamalya Al-gharbyiah Jaber AJ-badya Ashamaliyah Mogbayer Asarban Azzubavdivah Annahdhah .Amwaymah I Area Jordan ~ct1on Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutallfl rPOPt} 3 3 3 3 3 10 I 2 l 9 2 1 l 2 No. of ;tion'res 10 Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Notfound Not found Not found hsult Not found Lannate, Decis, Vacomil, Afugan, Rubigan Dimethoat.e, Canvil~ karate. Dursban Cuprocide Propargate, Ground up, Tachagareen, Vertcmic, Dimethoate Supracide, sun winter oils & Lannate, Match. Evascct. AciphatB Dimthoate, Rabigan,Lanna:te,benomyl, Deois, ,ennethrin Vapcocidin, Canvif. Byfidan Comroanadort Cvnermethrin 'fidan, Cypermetbtjn. Dithane, Cyperkill, Trydimefon Best, Avant, Comodor, Deltamethrin, Byfidan Dimetboate, Lannate. Byfidan,Hostathio~ Trimiltox, KmnoJus Vertemic, Commando, Sandofan. Tachagreen, Vapc-othkm Confodor. Pvgasis, Carbendit, "Karate, :=voennethrin Marshal, Dimthoatei Lannat.e. Va rnnethrin Confidor, Dimethoate, Fasta.c. Alie~ Dursban A h:emative pesticides Lannate. Anvil, Dursban, Rubigan, Trim.tlto~ Sulphur 39 40 Agriculture Directorate Ma'an Jordan Valley Al-Aghwar Ashamaliyah Deir Alla I Shoubak I Aslnma Al-Janoubiyuh I No. of Questioner's 10 10 l1 JO I Occurrence of POPs pesticide Not found Not found Notfound Not found .Minhtry of Enviromrumt POPsNIP. Alternative pesticjdes I Supracide, Neoron, Decis, Cynthiene, Cupro~ G11sathion Confodor, Supracide, Zineb, Venemic, Omite, Ridomil. Stroby, Rovtal, Antracol. Match Metasystox, Dimethoate, Benlate, Supracide, Decis I Cyme7,al Spathiei1, Ridomil, Lannate, Zineb, .Alliet Jorda,1 Aotlon Plan for Persistent Org8fllc Pollutants (POP.al Ministry of Environment POhN:W 2.3.2 Assessment with Respect to Annex A, Part Il Chemicals (PCBs) Annex~ Part II Chemicals, is concerned with Polychorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). In Jordan, PCBs have never been produced or re-exported Some of the previously imported special electrical transformers and capacitors, may be contaminated with PCBs. The most common brands of PCBs which were used in transformers, as cooling fluid, are Askarel and Sovtol, in which the used oil is a mixture of tetrachlorobenzen with PCBs content. The main somce of PCBs in Jordan is form. of electrical equipment, such as transformers, capacitors and other special machinery. Leakage, evaporation and/or improper disposal of the broken or used equipment, that contain PCBs based oil, might end up in the environment and then move and concentrate into humans through the food chain. However, this would need a detailed field survey in order to find out contaminated sites and/or equipment. 2.3.2.1 Legal Regulations Concerning PCBs In Jordan, there is no regulation controlling handling of equipment contaminated with PCBs, or disposal of such equipment, and banning of PCBs. However, recently, a ban on importing and using oil containing more than 0.005% PCBs by weight was imposed by a decree issued by the Ministry of Health in the official gazette No. 4717 dated 16/8/2005. In 1989, Jordan signed and approved the "Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal". In this convention ''waste materials and objects containing or contaminated with PCBs (labelled YI0) are classified as waste requiring control", i.e. hazardous waste (Annex I). In compliance with the Basel Convention, hazardous waste can be exported to countries having no ban on the import of hazardous waste and at written approval of the competent institution of the importing country. Moreover, transboundary movement of hazardous waste and of other types of waste must be reduced to the least possible extent, in compliance with environmentally harmless and efficient waste disposal practices, and in the manner that prevents harmful impact of such movement to human health and environment. 2.3.2,2Y,ast, Current and Future Production And Use Of PCBs Containing Equipment PCBs and/or PCBs mixtures have never been manufactured in Jordan. Electrical transformers and capacitors imported during 1960s~1980s from different countries may contain PCBs based oils, as dielectrics. However, PCBs compounds are still in use in some closed systems. As Jordan has signed the Stockholm Convention, future use of equipment containing PCBs will be limited to those in operation at present. It is worth noting that the Ministry of Environment, which is the focal point for implementing this convention, is intended to form a technical team, from all concerned stakeholders, in order to carry Jordan Action Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants {POPs) -------------------------------------41 42 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt out a field survey and recommend Ille best way to replace such equipment according to the Stockholm Convention Moreover, a.lJ new tnmsformers and capacitors will be free from PCBs based oils in accordance with the recent decree of the M'mistry of Health. 2.3.2.3 lnventory of PCBs Containing Transformers and Capacitors A worlcing group was formed from relevant institutions to conduct a field survey and prepare a list of transformm which were manufactured and introduced into service before 1980. The I.earn adapted a reasonable approach in order to achieve lb.is objective. The first step was defining the parties and companies that own and operate old electrical transformers before that date, i.e. 1980. Then previous studies were reviewed. Followed by distributing a questionnaire to all conoemed entities, such as power stations. transmission and distribution companies as well as large industriaJ establishments. The questionnaire included detailed information, such as the owner, location. capacity, country of origin and oil content (if known) etc., of potentially PCB containing equipment. Moreover, in certain locations, a field test was earned out for electrical transfonners only, using a simple test-kit provided by an inter.national specialized company, i.e. DEXSIL, in order to check whether the employed oil is contaminated or free from PCBs compounds. The survey focU5ed on electrical transforms only due lo time lim.italloo. Circuit breakers and capacitors were not included. To 1991, a study carried oul by lhe Royal Scientific Society (RSS) aimed to analyze and detect the presenc,e of PCBs i:n large transfmmers owned and operated 'by Jordan Electricity Distribution Company (JEDCo.), within the central region, i.e. Amman, 2'.arqa, Salat and Madaba. The results of about L 19 samples of oil showe-d that there was no sign of PCBs in all tho tested samples within concentration given in the Convention. as shown in Annex 4. The data collected from powel' stations and electricity entitles (i.eA power stations, main high voltage sub-stxtions and distribution sub-stations) about employed transfoaners is presented in Annex 5 and Annex 6. The working team carried out a preliminary survey, with the main aim of establishing a data base for entities w,d large indusl.llal enterprises that might have some ,equipment require or dealing with oils based on PCBs. The results of this survey showed that only two entities at present do have transfon:ners containing cooling oils with PCBs. These entities are CEOCo and Irbid Electricity Distribution Company (IEDCo). The survey, which was mainly oriented for electrical transformers that manufactured and tll8talled before the ye-ar 1980. was divided geograph1cally into three main regions: l- Southmn region: 10 substations in Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) were inspected using specia1 screening test- kit and the final result of inspection was negative ( i.e. ao indication of presence of PCBs). p Jordan Action Plan for Persqtent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP 2- MiddJe region: which include Amman, Zarqa and Salt There are 5 old transformers in Al-Husian Thermal Power Station (HTPS), in Alhashemya, near Zarqa, contain about 11,000 kg of cooling oil; with PCBs base, including the standby quantity that kept in stores. The latter is estimated to be around 1500 kg. Regarding Greater Amman area. a previous study, which was conducted by RSS, in early 1990s was reviewed and its finding and conclusions were included in this study. The most important result is that all transformers within this region owned and operated by Jordan Electricity Distribution Company were free from PCBs. ID adclitioo 4 transformers were identified in Lbe National Electricity Power Company (NEPC-0) that manufactured before 1980. NEPCo bas conducted required tests and found that these transfonners are free from PCBs. 3- Northern region: which includes Irbid, Mafraq, Jarash and Ajlun. The working team has identified about 21 transformers that may contain PCBs, with.ill this region, owned and operated by Irbid Electricity Dismlmtion company. as follows: Five transformers on operation, where oil changed after installation. Sixteen transformers are not working and kept in main stores of lEDCo. Twenty samples uslng special PCBs test-kit were taken and it was found that only 4 samples showed positive signs (i.e. transformers having identification Nos.l390ln400l/12401/2170l) that.may contain oils withPCBs b~. But it is worth noting that a com.prclicnsive field study should be conducted as soon as possible in order to check old transformers in IEDCo. and elsewhere. Because there are no official records and designated mainlenance staff t.hal can show if IEDCo. add or mix different types of cooling oil~ it is estimated that about 1,500 kg of oil containing PCBs might be available in the company. This brings the total estimated PCBs in electricaJ transform.em in Jordan to about 121500 kg. But there was no information available about the quantity of wastes or how it is stored, if there is any. It is important to uote that working electricity entities, in the energy sector in Jordan, do not have facilities for identification of PCB content and more important, is that the content of PCBs did not come into their consideration, yet. Again Jordan does nor manufacture either electrical transformers, or dielectric fluids and all are imported from abroad. Regarding ink and carbonated paper, used by the local printing industry, and other materials and equipment. that considered as a potential for PCBs~ are a]most totally imported from the international market. Thus, lhe working team decided that there is no point to spend more time and effort in investigating such issues. However~ it is wise that MoEnv would star keeping records about imported materials, and equipment that might contain PCBs when started implementation of the NJP. PCB Content in Ship Industry On the sea-side, Jordan ~s total Gulf coastline is about 26 km; the Port of Aqaba, being the only shipping outlet to the sea, is of rmcial importance to the Jordanian economy. The increase in. the conveyance activities via Aqaba has made it the busiest port in the Jordan Action Plan for Peraistent Organic Pollutant• cPOPe1 ------------------------------------ 43 44 Red Sea basin after Suez in Egypt. The transport sector in Jordan is a single-mode system, relying principalJy on mad transport. There are no water-ways or railways, with the exception of the Aqaba railway, which is used solely for conveying phosphate from mines in the southern part of Jordan to Aqaba. There is no ship breaking industry or even maintenance yards in Aqaba, with the exception of activities related to light boats, mainly used for tourists and :fishing. An official letter and special questionnaire for ground and marine supporting equipment and vessels were sent to the Aqaba Ports Corporation and the reply oooficmed that no PCBs based oils aroused at present. It is difficult to estimate the quantity of PCBs, if there is any, from ship industry in Jordan at I.his stage. Thus, it is recommended lha1 MoEnv should cany 01.lt a field study to address tile PCBs problem in Aqaba. PCBs in Semi--olosed and Open Systems The present inventory does not include the use of PCBs m hydraulic fluids. adhesives, plastics and lubricating oils, etc. Sucb applications need mote attention in the future activities in order to estimate PCBs oontent in semi-closed and open systems. Prevention of PCBs Production and Use PCBs, at present, arc tegally permitted only in the closed systems. According to the Stockholm Convention all equipment with PCBs must be removed from use by the year 2025 and lb.e following preventative measures should be taken; 1. limitation of import of equipment (mainly transformers and capacitors) containing PCBs based oils. 2. monitoring and control of imported equipment and machinery in order to make sure that all are free from PCBs. 3. introducing new regulations which should mclude compulsory deadlines for replacement of an eqwpmenl with PCBs, and reporting system about damages and leakage from old transformers and other equipment. Current Stockpiles, PCBs waste and Disposal Sites Stockpiles of PCBs comprises usable equ.ipmen~ which contaminated with PCBs, that is nol working or taken ou.t of service for major mllintenance and the reserves of used and/or fresh fluids stored as stand-by in some of power stations and electricity entities. PCB waste comprises of old transformers and capacitors with PCBs that are not in use and will not be used in the future, waste liquid and solids (i.e. metal and non-metal as well as soil) that are generated due to leaks, and damaged equipment as well as cleaning facilities contaminated with PCBs. In Jordan there is no identified site for the disposal of PCB waste, yet. Thus, a proper collection and disposal of PCBs waste is needed and should be adapted and enacted soon. National Capacity for PCBs Monitoring In Jordan~ there is no specialized analytical laboraiozy to identify and measure POPs and/or PCBs. Currently, there are some activities in the Ministry of Agriculture regarding pesticides and otlmr chemicals that axe used in this sector. The working Jordan Action Plan for Persqtent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP team discussed this issue with all concerned parties and concluded that the analytical capability of existing laboratories is not sufficient enough. to meet the standards set by the UNEP Global POPs Monitoring Network. lt is recommended to up-grade and strengthen the Transformers Oil Laboratory in NEPCOP in order to be able to carry out required tests in the future. Review of .Probable PCBs Contaminated Locations Transformers and capacitors arc repaired, overhauled and retro-filled in different central workshops. These workshop. may be considered as probable PCB contaminated sites, but a detailed field study is highly recommended to identify lbe co11taroinated site and the 11eqa.ired ·remedial measlU'eS. However, the most important site is the Al-Husian Thermal Power Station, where about 900/o of the total .reported PCBs exists. Other locations to be checked in. the future include free zones, coastal line at Aqaba, sites at old lransformim that may contain PCBs in Irbid district. 2.3.3 Msessment of Annex BJ Part II Chemicals (DDT): J•otdan has banned the production, import and usage of DDT in year 1995 according toPIC. Use of DDT Pesticides In PubLio Health. Before 1970, Malaria was endemic with epidemic pome pockets (lowlands) in Jordan. Table 2.6 shows the disease occurrence according to statistics available m the Ministry of Health. Table 2.6: Average Spleenomegaly Cases Due To Malaria Among Patients Who Visited The Clinics In Jordan During The Period 1926- 1949 Year I % of spleenomegaly I positive slides among among school children fever cases attending 1926 253 11 1930 6.6 8.4 l93S 15 11.3 1940 3.8 1.9 l945 4.2 2.4 1949 2~7 3.8 A Malaria Control Program {MCP) had been setup in Jordan since 1959, with the aim of eradicating the disease from the country. It had succeeded in achieving its objective in 1970. Since thenJ no local transmission cases were registered, despite the detection and treatment of 150- 250 imported Malaria cases nationals and expatriates annually Jorden Action Plan for Peraistent Organic Pollutants cPOPe1 ------------------------------------ 45 46 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt and the occurrence of 33 introduced Malaria cases caused by means of an expatriate in Ohour Al-Safi/ Kerak Govemorate in 1990. Reintroduction of Malaria is still threatening the area due to the favo.rable cpidemiologjcal and climatic factors in lowlaDds (lowest point in tbe world ) and the intense population movement to and from Malaria endemic countries specially the presence of migran.l. workers working in lowlands in agricuJ~ industry and tourism. The actua1 objectives of the {MCP) is to prevent Malaria reintroduction. The program bad depended on the use of DDT dunng the period 1959- l 970. It was sprayed twice a year indoors in the wetland areas of Jordan. lhe first in March/ Apnl and the second in September/ October T.odoOT resuiual spraying (IRS). During tho period 1970- 1991, the MCP continued as a maintenance phase and depended on indoor residual spraying with DDT. In addition, Temephos, with a concentration of half part per million, was used for control of larvae on water surface by spraying the breeding sites of mosquitoes "Malaria vectors" once a week from March to November. The last recorded usage of DDT in Jordan was in 1991, before the issuance of a resolution prohibiting its use for Malaria control.in the year 1995. Tab!e 2.7 shows the quantities of DDT and Abate used under the MaJaria Control Program during the period 1959-1991, and Figure 2 Shows quantity of DDT used in Malaria C-OJ11I1ol Program during 1959-1991 p Jordan Action Plan for Perai.atent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ l\1misfrf of Eavitonmeot PO NIP Table 2. 7: lmported quantities of Annex B, Part J, Chemical (POPs) and I.heir Alternatives Year 1959 1960 I 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 11968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1'980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Total DDT (kgs) Quantities used l.n Al-Gbour .. 15519 16279 16108 17183 18805 15843 15147 12710 12467 10382 9684 8024 4021 814l 1390 786l 8799 1300 5631 2063 6690 214047 Total quantities used in .Jordan 26000 30600 28560 25148 11937 35800 7917 S0500 46014 28560 28562 17665 24110 30548 19449 23093 27291 19946 19860 18989 15960 13049 12532 10377 5519 ll604 10997 9147 97&3 1300 63 '10 2463 6690 64627[ Jordan Action Pia rt for Perai81ent Organic PoJlutants cPOPe1 Abate (SOO E) (liter) a.i Temepbos 50°/4 Quantities used in Al-Ghour .. 1148 124-0 1296 1490 1548 1480 1529 1554 1480 1327 U60 1006 1217 1192 'I 167 1274 1085 1239 1109 24641 Total quantities u11ed 1n Jordan 547 2050 2056 2017 2140 2164 2326 2583 2587 2861 2980. 3013 3235 3169 3221 2743 2970 2807 2)09 3131 3088 2971 2432 2748 2379 64327 47 48 60000 50000 b.040000 ~ 30000 § 20000 10000 0 . - - . I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I . - . I -I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'I I I I I' I 1 1 I I' I \q',(.) \qb', \\)~'\ \~t1..\ \c,'\c:, \\)'\c, \')%' \c,i" \ ~c,\ Year ----- -- - --- -- - - - - -- -- - -- Figure 2 Quantity of DDT iucd in Malana Control f'rogJlWJ during 19S9-1991 The stockpiles of DDT stored at the Ministry of Health/ Malaria Division are: 1- DDT 75%: 9130 kg. 2- DDT 100%: 130 L5 kg. The pesticide is kept in a separate store with restricted entry. The pesticide is raised on a wooden platform. One portion is packaged and kept in cardboard boxe~ whereas the other portion is pac.lred in plastic sacs which provide inadequate security during transport. Numero\18 efforts have been made to donate these quantities, through the World Health Organization, to other countries which still use this pesticide in Malaria Control Programs. But these efforts have failed. Furthermore; the Ministry of Health has contacted the Ministry of Environment for the purposes of disposing 1he DDT stockpile in an environmentally- sound manncr. This issue is of high priority due to the Jikelihood of harm resulting from exposure to these pesticide quantities in stock. Therefore, the Government of Jordan is trying to attract the attention of int.emational organizations, in order to obtain their assistance in repackaging, transport, secure storage, final transport and disposal. Currently, the Malaria Control Program depends on the following: l • Early detootion and treatment of imported cases (nationals and expatnates) wilh the passive case detection. which is done in all the parts of the kingdom, in contrast with the active case detection, which is done only in the aquatic areas. Jordan Action Plan for Persiatent Or;ante ~llutante (POPl,1 MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP 2· Control of the "Malaria vector" Anopheles mosquitoes: 13 species recorded in Jordan 3 Proven victors : A.Sergenti, A.superpict.us and A.SacharoVJ The mosquitoe control process includes environmental management which includes: J- Physical tmltment by recommending drip irrigation. methods, in1emiittent irrigation, drying marshy lands and stagnated water, drain away the wastewatcr of agricuUuraJ cenaJs and water courses and maintenance of these canals and water courses, use of cemented canals or pipes, and flushing system for dams. 2- Chemical treatment by spraying water surfaces once a week with a larvicide's. Temephos is used in this case, with a concentration of half part per million from March to November. Control measures against adult mosquitoes are carried out occas.ionally, by using the Pyrethroids insecticide, esp. Deltamethrin (vacuum spraying) around the wetlands, where the case,3 of Malaria am.011g expatriates had been detected It should be emphasized that the necessary entomological studies must be carried out before spraying. Also, BDnnal experiments should be carried out on Anopheles (Malaria vector Mosquitoes) susceptibility to the used insecticides: Temephos for the control of mosquito larvae and DeJtamethrin for controJ of adult mosquitoes. Il should be noted that the e experiments should be carried out in the laboratories and the field to assure -resistance monitoring. 3.3.3.1 Cutaneous Leishm.ani86i1i Control in Jordan Cutaneous foishmaniasis is endemic in Jordan. 1t is zoonotio leishma:niasis, the host reservoir of the disease is a rodent lPsamomys obesus) which feeds on chenopods, small grazing shrubs that grow in Al- Ghour and desert areas to the east of the railway. which cover two thirds of Jordan area. This rodent lives in colonies in sandy landst a:nd the bw-row of this animal is recognized by the existence of several openin~. The vect.or of the disease is a sand fly of the species (Phlebotomus papatasi). It breeds on the organic decaying residues in the humid places especially on the faeces of the hosl reservoir in rodent burrows. 13 species of phlebotomus were recorded in Jordan but only P.Papatasi was incriminated as vector of ZCL. DDT was used to control th.e sand t1y in the areas of cutaneous l~ishmaniasis. But as was mentioned before, use of this compound has been prohibited. Currently, pyreihroid pesticides are being used to control sand flies and mosquitoes. Jordan Action Pia rt for Perai81ent Organic PoJlutants cPOPeI 50 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt p But, to control the disease of catan.eous ]eishma:niasis, it is ncc~sary to ameliorate the environmental situation in general by removing the desolated buildings and the heaps of soils and stones and the stables, and to control rodents inside human dwellings. lt is a]so necessary to control the host reservoir and sand rues as well. 2.3.3.2 Other Diseases Transmitted by Biological Vectors: There are other diseases which arc transmitted by different species of mosquitoes such as Anophele~ Cu!ex, and Aiedes. Infections of some of the following non- endemic diseases may occur :in Jordan: "Rift Valley Fever, West Nile Fever, as weU as other arthropod- borne viruses and viruses are transmitted by sand flies and oth.er insects". These infections are due to the development of transportation, travel, bird migrati~ herd movement and international trade. If case of spread of these diseases. then it would be nece sary to control the ddferent species of mosquitoes and sand flies altogether, by using the recommended insecti.cides. Table 2.8 shows a !.nmmary on disease vector control programs .in. Jordan. Table 2.8: Summary on Disease Vector Control Programs in Jordan. Alternate Pesticide I Control Method Site Vector l. Drip irrigation and Wetlands in 1. TEMEPHOS Intenuittent pumping Ghour areas, of irrigation water. Wadi Arab~ Jordan Valley, Anopheles 2. DELTAMETl lRIN 2. Drying of stagnant mosquitoes Malaria ULV water collections and Km:ak wetlands. gbours and if epidemics 3. Chemical control. Yannouk Valle I. RemovaJ of abandoned buildings, debris h.eaps and Ghourareas cutaneous 81JimaJ barns. BDd desert f .eisbmania 2. Comml of rodents sis PYRETHRIOD inside housing regions Sand flies Papatasi GROUP located to compounds. the east of fever(or 3. Control of the host the railway sand Fly reservoir (Psamomys Fever) Obesus) and sandtlies. Use of the various Not cndomic Rift Valley general hygiene Control of the in Jordan Fever, pesticides, insect different m osquito {Travel, Anopheles, West Nile growth regulators international Fever and the Pyrithroid and sand fly species, trade, Culex, dengue whicb requires use of Aiedes group pesticides for various insecticides transport of fever. control of various livestocks ARBO Ve<:tors and birds viruses Jordan Action Plan for Peraiatent OrganlC Pollutants (POPIJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP I Different studies show that: the use of the POPs pesticides under consideration has been stopped since l 980 with respect to agricultural fields, since 1993 for veterinary uses and since 1995 for the public heaJth. However, the Malaria Division at the Ministry of Health stopped the use of DDT in 1991 due to availability of aJtemattve pesticides that are safer to the environment and human health. Table 2.9 shows the detected quantities of stockpiles of POPs pesticides and p laces of their storage. Tab1e 2.9: Detected Quantities of POPs Pesticides and Places of Their Storage. Name of pesticide & its I concentrdtion DDT 100% DDT75% Dieldrin Agrocide 2.3.3.3 Management of .POPs a Ministry offi.ealili: Stock quantity Place of storage 13015kg Ministry of Health/ stores of the Malaria and Bil.hal'Zia Division 9130kg 175 liter Ministry of Agriculture/ Yajouz storehouse 60kg MinistJy of Agriculture/ MafraQ Directorate I. All the DDT quantity available now (about 22,000kg) is more than 13 years old. and is not designated for use iru.ide Jordan as a .resomtion has been issued by the government prohibiting use, impon, circulation or transp0t1 of DDT. 2. The Ministry of Health bas endeavored to donate. through the World Health Organization (WHO), the quantities in its possession to countries that still ll&e DDT for control of disease vectors. 3. The Jordanian government intends to dispose lhc quantities in its possession in safe methods, but it has neither the capabilities nor the technical equipment/supplies required for tbi s worlc. Therefore. the government requests assistance from the specialized intm:oational agencies as required for proper disposal The assistance needed includes: I. Re-pack the whole amount of DDT. 2. Identify a secure store in Jordan 3. Transport whole amount of DDT to secure store 4 . Identify the country of disposal, Jordan Action Plan for Peraistent Organic Pollutant• cPOPe1 ------------------------------------ 51 52 Ministry ofEa.vironmcnt 5. Provide appropriate means of transportation to move the pesticide to the disposal site outside Jordan, 6. Dispose of the pesticide, outside Jordan, using appropriate methods at the sites specially designated for this purpose. b. Ministry of Agriculture: 1, The 175 liters of Ofoldrln and 60kg of (a-HCH) pesticides lbat are poorly stored in the Ministry storehouses on wooden platforms bases need 1o be re-packed. 2. The Ministry has repeatedly contacted the concerned agencies for the purpose of environmentally safe disposal of these quantities at the hazarrloUB waste management project.. in accordance wHh Basel Agreement 2.3.3.4 Recommendations a. General Recommendations: Continue retaining the target pesticides that are stored at both ministries (Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture) until such time that they disposed off properly with the assis-tance of the international in.stitutioru; in accordance with Basel Agreement. Ro-pack 1he whole amount of DDT (22 tons) pesticide which is presently stored at the Ministry of Health. Develop a national program for control of ve-ctors of human diseases that are home by bi.ological vectors., using the Integrated Vector Management (lVM) technique, including provision of support to such programs as the alternative pesticides are costly. Establish a National Toxicological Center in Jordan. Enhanr:e tke efficiency and capabilities of the .residue analysis laboratories in order to enable them to carry out impurities and additives analysis tests. • Provide support to comprehensive programs on awareness on use of the aJtemate pesticides for all concerned parties at the national level. Train the concerned national staff in the field of alternative pesticides' use. Establish a regional referral laboratory for pesticide quality control and assurance in the ,cast Mediterranean region. with its headquarters in Jordan. I Emphasw: the need to develop a database at border crossing points and plant quarantine centers, and adoption of the scientific name and CAS NO for chemicals. Develop a mechanism for cooperation between scientific research centers and other institutions concerned with pesticides; and develop a database on the available expertise and capabilities in field of persistent organic pollutants. Provide support to such programs, especially the Malaria Control Program, in order to eliminate tbe need to resort to DDT or other in&ecticides from the POPs list, The cut»t of Pyrethruids modem pestici.de:i is ten-folds that of DDT, so that it is crucial to substantially increase lhe Malaria Control Program funds. p Jordan Action Plan for Perai.atent Organic Pollutants (POPIJ Ministry of Environment POhNIP • Provide the necessary support to develop a national plan within the national implementation program in order to adopt a control that is evidence- based and supported by operational research. • Adopt the Integrated Vector Control (IVC) technique, which requires: • Training of entomologists and entomology technicians of the Malaria Control Program and other vectors, • Provide the equipment/ supplies necessary for carrying out tests to establish mosquito susceptibility to insecticides, • Providing a Geographical Information System (GIS) to monitor the disease vectors. • Secure cooperation by all parties concerned with the environmental management, which includes, inter alia., engineering control by using intermittent pumping of irrigation water, use of drop irrigati~ cleaning of wadi beds, canals and water escapes, drying of stagnant collections of water, as well as improving transport and storage of the water used for agricultural purposes in general. • Apply the biological control technique (s) in certain wetland areas, including 1ish that feed on the larvae and the bacterial insecticides. • Use the Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs). • Study the feasibility and suitability of using the Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in case of spread of diseases. • Involve the farmers in the mosquito larvae control process during their fanning works, through special programs such as the farmers' schools. • Adopted IVM (Integrated Vector Management). 2.3.3.5 Legislation and Directives Relevant to the Management of Organic Pollutan1s and Hazardous Substances 1. The Agriculture Temporary law No. (44) of 2002: where Article (21) regulates issues related to distribution of pesticides, and provides for the penalties and fines to be applied in case of circulation of prohibited pesticides. Pursuant to this Article, Directive No. (22/Z/2003) on pesticides' registration, manufacture, preparation, import, circulation and trade requirements has been issued 2. Environment Protection law No. (12) for 1995: the Harmful and Hazardous Substances Management and Circulation Regulation No. (43) for 1999. 2.3.3.6 Regulation on Pesticide Circulation Inside the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Jordan is committed to abide by the international agreements pertaining to handling of pesticides and hazardous chemicals. Therefore, Jordanian legislation and directives on pesticide handling have been developed and up-dated to coincide with the International Code of Conduct on Pesticides. An example is the Agriculture law No. (44) for 2002, with its Article 21 which regulates the following items: Jordan Action Plan for Pereistent Organic Pollutant, 1POP11 53 54 L Jt shalJ be i,rohibited to produce, prepare, circulate, or trade with pesticides for purposes of 11si11g them in the Kingdom with.out licensing and registering by the Ministry. 2. lt shall be prohibited to enter pesticides into the K.iJ'lgdom for commercial purposes or for private use. I1 shall .not be pennitted to clear the same and they must be :re-exported during the period defined by the Minist.er in any of the foUowing cases: J) If not regist.ered according to the regulations 2) If not registered in the Kiagdom and it bas been fmmd out that they cannot be used in their country of origin or if any health or environmental reason emerges and prevents admitting or using the same in the country. 3) If registered and the tests show that they do not comply with the relevant technical rules unless their attributes are superior from the scientific point of view to the attnbutes set in the approved technical rules. 4) If the data provided on packages and labels violate the data approved at registration. 3. Samples that the regulations admit for experimentation purposes and scientific research or for registration purposes shall be excluded from provil\ions of Paragraph (b) of this Article. 4. While observing provisions of Articles (6) and (8) of this Law, the Minister shall issue regulations related to: J) Requirements of registering pesticides and procedures relat.ed thereto. 2) Requirements of licensing production of pesticides; their preparation, storage, circulation, trading therewith and announcing them. 3) Requirements of importin g pesticides. 4) Methods of analyzing, testing and examining pesticides. 5. 1) Pesticides shall be registered through a comarittee formed by the Minister for this pmposc. The Committee will study the registration, applications and advise the Minister in relation therewith to make his decision. 2.3.3,7 Mechanism of Regulating Pesticides' for fmport and Control Registration of the pesticide, provided that it is not among the pesticides prohibited under PIC list, ,or listed among the prohibited pesticides m Jordan for bealtb or environmental reasOtlS. Preparation of an Import License for the quantity of the pesticide to be .imported, whethez in 1he form of raw material for Joe-al processing or ready made and imported for use inside the Kingdom. This license contains, among oth~s, the following data: • Name of the importing agent or factory, • Na.me of the active ingredient in the pesncide • Trade name of the pesticide • Quantity to be imported, and • Registration No. of the pesticide in Jordan. Jordan Action Plan for Pe~tent OrganlC Pollutants (POPaJ MmJ.ffi')' uf Environment PO NIP Preparation of a Hand-over Penmt for the pemcide, and attaching an Analysjs Certificate from the Country of Origin. to the Original Invoice. This Hand-<>ver Permit contains the following data: • Name oftbe importing agent or factory, • Trade name of the pesticide • Number and date of the invoice • QuanUty to be imported, and • Registration No. of the pesticide in Jordan Samples of the imported pesticides are referred by the Plant Quarantine staff nf the Ministry of Agriculture lo Ministry laboratories for analysi to verify whether the pesticide is within the internationally acceptable technical standards/ specifications. In case of non-conformity of the pesticide to the required technical standards/ specifications the peoa.Jties provided for in Article (21) of the Agriculture law (44)/ 2002 are applied. 2.3.4 Assessment of Release From Unintentional Production of Annex C Chemicals Cl!9?D/PCDF, HCB And PCBs) 2.3.4.J . Dioxin and Furans Jordan prepared its second dioxin and furan (PCDD/PCDF) releases inventory report in 2005. The first teport was issued in the year 2003 iD the context of the Asian Project, in which the first draft of the ••stmdan:lized Toolk.it for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases" issued by UNEP Chemicals of 2001 was used. The base year for th.e first inventory was 2000. The second inventory report was is.sued in early 2005 and the base year was 2003. The first edition of the Tool.kit of May 2003 was used m the second inventory. The toolkit is used as a general form for estimettng the quantities of dioxin and furan releases emitted from different probable sow-ces. The main contents of the tool.kit are: J. lde:nt:i:fication of the main categories of possible emitting sources as well as subcategories. 2. Quantification of these categories' contnoution to the emission quantities. This coutnbution is based on Wl adversely proportional relationship between the source strength and the extent of control systems developmenL The relationship is expressed by the emission factors (E.F) developed in several developed cmmtries by carrying out extensive research. for different sourees. 3 , Identification of the environmental media (vectors) receiving such releases. These vectors could be air, water, Land, products or residues. The release quantity that the vector receives depends on the strength and the nature of the emilting source. The following screening matrix. Table 2.10 shows the PCDD/PCDF main emission source categories and the pom"ble receiving vectors. 4. Setting mathematical formula to calculate the annual releases from sources as follows: Jorden Action Plan for Peraistent Organic Pollutants cPOPe1 - ------------------------------------ 55 56 Ministry of Euvlnu,m•at Source strength (dioxin emissions/ year)= (emission factor x activity rate) Source strength is given in (µg TEQ/a ), Emission factor is given in {µg TEQ/t). Activity rate is given in (t/a) Where: TEQ = Toxicity BquivaJent. µg = Microgram. t = ton (weight ofp1oducts, waste, fuel etc) a= Annum (year). Table 2.1 O! Screening Matrix - Mam Source Categories No. Main Source Categories Air Water Land Product 1 Waste Tncineratioo X X 2 Ferrous & Non-Ferrous Metal X X Froduction 3 Power generntilm & heatin2 X X 4 Production ofMincral Product X 5 Transoortation X 6 Uncontrolled Combustion Processes X X X 7 Production of Chemicals & X X X X Consumer Goods 8 Miscellaneous X X X X 9 Disoosal X j X I X X I 10 Identification of"Potential Hot-Spots X: Significant potential route The methodology followed in this inventory was based on the UNEP Chemicals Toolkil TIJ,e inventory was 1.:arried out with the foUowing steps: A) Fonning the task force team representing the national POPs project (NIP)1 Ministry of Environment. Ministry of Energy and Mineral resources, and specialized academics from some universities. B) Reviewing the tasks that would be carried out by the team as stated in the project document associated with the Stockholm Convention. C) Setting the work plan and discussing it with the project cooniinator end with other task force team leaders working in this project D) Reviewing some similar project related reports to get benefi1 of other countries' experience. E) ldentification of sol.lrCC categories and subcategories that will be dealt with when being applicable to Jordau. F) Gathering, revising and categorizing the infonnation and data as per illustrated in the UNEP Chemicals Toolldt and using the emission factors corresponding to the level of control technology existing in the various source activities. G) Carrying out the .final c-alculations UB.ing spread sheets provided in the Excel program which was provide with the Toolkit. PO NIP Residue X X X X Jordan Actton Plan tor Per1isten1 Organic PolllJtant■ IPOP11 --------------------------------------'I Mlniltry of Enviroamcal h) Preparing the draft report and discussing its contents with the project coo.rdinator and the task force team leaders. 1) Issuing the final report. Oat.a and information were collected from different sources and by using different approaches including: questiut1Da1res, field visits, interview , formal and informal communications, scientific references, previous studies and statistics. Jordan Action Plan fo, Pe,.lltent Organic PoUutant1 <POPa> 58 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al Main Source Category l : Waste Incineration Considering the differences between incineration and burning, this category is broken down into two sub categories that. are available in Jordan; medical waste incineration and an:ima1 carcass destruction. Other sub ca1egories a.re not usually practiced in the country. l!missioTI factors (E.F) used in calculations are 40,000µg TEQ/t and 3,000µg TEQ/t for air emission, and 200µg TEQ/t and 20µg TEQ/t for residues in medical wastes and 500µ.g TEQ/t for air emissions in animal carcasses destruction. Table 2.11 shows the estimated PCDD/PCDF releases from waste incineration category. Table 2. t 1: Estimated PCDD/PCDF Releases from Waste Incineration Annual Release ) g TEQ/a( Land Product Residue t A Municipal solid waste 0 0 0 0 0 incineratioo B Hazardous waste 0 0 0 0 0 1 incineration C I Medical solid waste , incineration 8.772 0 0 0 0.052 Light fraction D shredder waste 0 0 0 0 0 incineration E Sewage sludge waste 0 0 0 0 0 incineration p Waste wood & waste 0 0 0 0 0 biomass incineration G Anime! carcasses 0.593 0 0 0 0 burning Total 9.365 0 0 0 0.052 JIOPsNIP Total 0 0 8.824 0 0 0 0.593 9.417 Jordan Acffon Plan tor Per■istenl Of'ganlc PolMantl IPOP11 ------------------- -------------------'I dry of Enviroamcnl Main Source Category 2: Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals Production Jordan is lacking of metallic resources, especially ferrous metals, therefore, heavy metal industries such as iron ore sintering, copper, zinc or aJuminrrm industries do no1 exist Some industries based on metal refonnaifon under nigh temperatures are available. Activities such as metal smelting and wire reclamation are pracriced in the country. In iron and steel production emission factors usod for air emissions are 3µg TEQ/t and lO µg TEQ/t and for residues it is 15 µg TEQ/t Jn foundries, emission factor used for air emission is 10 µg TEQ/t, In aluminum production emission factor used for air emission is 35µg TEQ/t and for residue it is 400µg TEQ/t. ID thermal wire reclam&tion emission factor used for air emission is 5.000 µg TEQ/t Table 2.12 shows the estimated PCDD/PCDF re1eases from category of ferrous and non- ferrous metals production. Table 2. 12: Estimated PCDD/PCDF Releases from Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Met.al .Production No Sub - Categories Annual Release TEQ/a I Air Water Land Product Residue Total A Iron ore sintering 0 0 0 0 0 0 B Coke JJTOduction 0 ' 0 0 0 0 0 C Iron & steel production and 0.501 0 0 0 1.11 1.612 foundries D Copper . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 on ' E Aluminum oroduclion 0.091 0 0 0 1.040 1. 130 F Lead production 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zinc production 0 0 0 0 0 0 H Brass & bronzeProduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 I Magnesium production 0 0 0 0 0 0 I J Other non-ferrous metal 0 0 0 0 0 0 production K Shredders 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 L Thermal wire reclamation 0. 115 I 0 0 I 0 0 0.J l5 Total 0.707 0 0 0 2.150 2.857 Jordan Action Pl111 n for Per.lltent Organic Pollutant■ (POP$) 59 60 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al Main Source Category 3: Power Generation and Heating Jordan has wH:nessed a considerable increase in electricity consumption since the year 2002. The annual growth rate is about 8.2%. About 99.9°/o of popuJation have access to elecl.ncity seT"Vice. Fossil fuels, mainly heavy fuel oil, are the main so-w-ce for power generation and heating. The comribution of renewable sources (e.g. Biogas) to electricity generation is very limited. At present, Jordan is utilizing natnml gas reserves, only to generate electricity. UtiH1.alion of landfill gas and biogas is still in its early stages. Biogas has recently been generated m Greaier Municipality Amman (GAM) landfill site by the Biagas Company. The biogas quantity generated in the year 2002 has been estimated to be 3,182>204 m3 with an average high heating value of abut 20 MJ/kg. Most. of 1he Jordanians rely on LPG and kerosene in heating and cooking. A central heating system, where diesel oil is used, is common in wealthy districts in the capital city Amman. Emission factor used for air emission is 2.5 µg TEQfl'J for heavy fuel oil and 0.5 µg TEQtrJ for Diesel fuel and natural gas. While it is 8 µg TEQffJ for biogas and 10µ.g TEQ/TJ for fossil fuel fired stoves. Table 2. t3 shows the estimated PCDD/PCDF releases from category ot'power generation !lDd heatmg. JtOPsNIP Tahle 2.13: Estimated PCDD/PCDF Releases from Power Generation and Heating/ Cooking Annual Release TEQ/a) .. Product Residue . : A Fossil fuel power plants 0.173 0 0 0 0 0.173 B Biomass power plants 0 0 0 0 0 0 C Landfill.. btoims combustion 0 0 0 0 0 0 D HoWJehold heating and 0 0 0 0 0 0 cooking (biomass) E Domestic beating (fossilfuet) 0.177 0 0 0 0 0.177 Total 0.350 0 0 0 0 0.350 Jordan Action Plan tor Per1isten1 Of'Qanlc Polllltant■ IPOP11 --------------------------------------'I Mlnlltry of Enviroamc.al Maio Source Category 4: MineraJ Products This category deals with manufacturing of cement, lime, bncks, ceramics and asphalt mixing which are all practiced in Jordan. There are three factories for cement production in the co11J1tzy. With a total capacity of about 4.2 Mt/a. Heavy fuel oil (HFO) is the main fuel bemg used in the three plants. The production process is classified as dry kilns with APCs, wbere electrostatic precipitators (ESP) and fabric fitters (FF} are employed as air pollution control devices. The factories are classified as class 3 with emissio11 factor to air of 0.05µg TEQ/t and to residue of 0.003 µg TEQ/t. Only one factory produces lime, and it has no APC systems. Emission factor used to air is 10 µg TEQ/t, Heat~tTeated brick is produced in two plants in the country. Emission factor used to air ls 0.2 µg TEQ/t as neither of the factories has APC syst.em. The estimated PCDD/PCDF releases are very small to appear in the related table. A total of 5 major ceramic factories exist .in the colllltry. Emission factor used to air is 0.2 µg TEQ/t There are about 20 asphalt-mixing plants spread in the country. The plants can be da.ssificd into two classes according to availability of APC systems. Class l represents R plants thal have no APC systems, where ewssion factor used t.o air is 0.07 µg TEQ/t, and class 2 Tepresents the other 12 plants that have filters as APC system, where emission factor used to air is 0.007 µg TEQ/t and to residue it is 0.06 µg TEQ/t. Table 2.14 shows tbc estimated PCDD/PCDF releases from category of mineral products. Table 2.14: Estimated PCDD/PCDF Releases lrom Production of Mineral Products Sub - Categories Annual Release TE /a Water Land l., . A I Cemoot production 0.206 0 I 0 0 0.012 0.218 B I Lime m:oduction 0.060 0 0 0 0 0.060 C Brick production 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 D Glass nroduction 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 E Ceramics production 0.012 0 0 0 0 o.ou F Asobalt Mixing 0.062 0 0 0 0.064 0.126 Toi.al 0.340 0 0 0 0.076 0.416 Jordan Action Phm fo, Penlinent Organic Pollutant■ <PC>h> 61 62 Mlnlsuy of EuvlronmHt Main Source Category 5: Transportation More than 570.000 registered vehicles run on leaded gasoltne and diesel fuel m the country. Unleaded gasoline i.s used for modem and light class cars. For the sack of calculating the total fuel consumption, the annual traveled distance per (km), vehicle size and category, license and the type of fueJ has been considered. Heavy oil fired engines are not used in the cowmy. Emission factor used for air emissions lo air is 2.2 µg TEQ/t for 4 stroke leaded fuel engine (gasoline), 0. 1 µg TEQ/t for unleaded fuel without catalyst (gasoline). 3.5 µg TEQ/t for 2 Stroke leaded fuel engine (gasoline) and 0.lµg TEQ/t for dfosel engines. Table 2.15 shows the e stimai:ed PCDD/PCDF releases from.road transport in.Jordan.. Table 2. J 5: Estimated PCDD/PCDF Releases from Transportation • Sub - Categories A 4- Stroke engines 2. 165 0 0 0 0 B 2- Sttoke engines 0.003 0 0 0 0 C Diesel engines 0.1 85 0 0 0 0 D Heavy oil fired 0 0 0 0 0 engines Total 2.353 0 0 0 0 Main Source Categoty 6: UDcootroTied Combustion Process This category includes combustion processes whether they are practiced on purpose or not. Sub categories of this category include: • Biomass burning such as fore'St. grassland and agricultural residues fires. • Waste burning either inside or outside landfill sites. • Accident.al fires in house, factories and vehicles. • Open burning of wood residues. This category is the major PCDD/PCDF releasing source in Jordan as it includes waste landfill fires. Biomass originated from plants such as leaves is dumped into waste dumping sites, while animal waste generated from caltle farms HOd poultry farms is usua[ly used in agricultural lands. Biomass quantities being bumed are limited. Jordan is located in a semi arid region, which is characterized of limited precipitation rate and limited vegetation cover. Forests cover less than I% of the country area. In order to estimate the contribution of fo~st fires to PCDD/PCDF releases, the forest area exposed to fires is expressed in weight of the material bum~ POPs 2.165 0.003 0.185 0 2.353 Jordan Actton Plan tor Per1isten1 Organic PolllJtant■ IPOP11 --------------------------------------'I Mlnlltry of Enviroamcal Landfill fire is the main single source of PCDDIPCDF releases in the country. The process is iJlegally practiced and takes place for the following reasons: • Lack of control and supervision in the landfill sites. • Improper and sJow landfill performance. • Existence of scavengers who delay the landfill operatiom by collecting the reusable and recyclable materials in the fill Jand sites. • On purpose burning to reduce waste volume in case that the site urea is limited. Landfill fires can be originated from self-combustion or by waste residues • burned outside the site and transported to landfill sites before being completely ,extinguished. Accidental fires in houses and factories are usually dealt with by extinguishing faonities belonging to General Department for Civil Defense )GDCD(. The total registo11ed fire accidents in houses, factories, and stores were 2,306 in the year 2003. GDCD records show that the total number of accidental fires in vehicles was 73 1 accidents in 2003. Emission fnctollS used in this category vanes according LO the source sub-category with highest value of 1,000µg TEQ/t released to air from landfill fires. Table 2.16 shows the estimated PCDDIPCDF releases from category of uncontrolled combustion processes. TabJc 2. 16: Estimated PCDD/PCDF Releases from UncontroUed Combustlon Processes Sub - Categories Annual Release TE /a . Land Product Residue Total a Biomass bumi ng 0.182 0 0.074 0 0 0.256 b Waste burning and 51.022 0 0 1.880 52.902 accidental fires Total 51.204 0 0.074 0 1.880 53 .158 Jordan Action Plan fo, Penlltent Organic PoUutant1 <POPa> 63 64 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al Main Source Category 7: Production and Use of Chemicals and Consumer Goods Jordan does not produce paper from raw material such as raw pulp. The country unports its needs of paper from the internattonal markel The only significant activity practiced is paper recycling. This activity is practiced by three factories producing card board and cartoru from used paper collected by individuals and/or collecting centecs. Emission factor of 10 µg TEQ/t is used for PCDD/PCDF releases to .residues. Most of chemical production in Jordan relies on rhc intermediate chemical industries. Tbe nwnber of industries retea..,mg PCDO/PCDF is limited An example of such industries is p]astic factories. which are shaping and refonning lbe imported PVC granule.s in order to produce various plastic products. EDC. PCP and PCB production does not exist in Jordan. Emission factor of 0.1 µg 1EQ/t is used for PCDD/PCDF releases the product. Textile production in Jordan is based on using U11ported cotton, wool and polyester threads. To calculating the PCDD/PCDF releases from textile industry, the lower limit emission factor of 0. 1 µg TEQ/t is used for PCDDIPCDF releases to product, in the five existing factories since production of textile raw materials docs not exist in the collntry. The estimated PCDD/PCDF releases is very small to appear in the related table. Leather is produced in Jordan by one factory only. Different types of leather are produced mere, and the lower l imit emission factor of 10 µg TEQ/t is used for PCDD/PCDF releases to product Table 2 .17 shows the estimated PCDD/PCDF releases from category of Production of Chemicals & Consumer Goods JtOPsNIP Table 2.17: Estimated PCDD/fCDF Releases from Production of Chemicals and Consumer Goods Su.b - Categories A Pulp & paper production 0 0 0 0.325 0 0.325 B Chemical industry 0 0.001 0 0.004 0.004 0.008 C Petroleum industry 0 0 0 0 0 0 D Textile production 0 0 0 0 0 0 E Leather refining 0 0 0 00.016 0 0.016 TotaJ 0 0.001 0 0345 0.004 0.350 Jordan Action Plan tor Per1isten1 Of'Qanlc Polh.rtantl IPOP11 --------------------------------------'I dry of Enviromncnl Main Souroe Category 8: Miscellaneous Most activities under this category such as drying of biomass, crematoria, and smoke houses arfj not applicable to Jordan. Only dry cleaning and tobacco smoking are applicable. Dry deaning process includes cleaning textiles with solvents such as perchloroethylene, petrol fluorocarbons. The used solvent is distilled for recovery and reuse; therefore. PCDDIPCDF is concentrated in the distillation residues. The solvent recovery portion can :reach more than 90%. According to Department of Statistics (DOS). the lotal quantity of dry cleaning solvents imported in the year 2003 is 192.39 tons. Emission factor of3,000 µg TEQ/t is used for PCDDIPCDF releases to residues from heavy textiles and SO µg TEQ/t is used in normal textiles. In tobacco smoking, the emission factors used are 0.3 and 0.1 pg TEQ/item for cigars and cigarettes1 ~tively. Table 2.18 shows the estimated -PCDO/PCDF releases from category of Miscellaneous Table 2.18: Estimated PCDD/PCDF Releases from the Category of Miscellaneous B Crematoria 0 0 0 C Smoke houses 0 0 0 0 0 D D 0 0 0 0 0.044 0.044 E Tobacco smoking 0.002 0 0 0 0 0.002 Total 0.002 0 0 0 0.044 0.046 Jordan Action Plan fo, P9nl■tent Organic PoUutant■ <POPa> 65 66 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al JtOPsNIP Main Source Category 9: Landfill and Waste Dumps Most of waste landfill sites are located in areas with limited precipitation rates and with rugb temperatures and high evaporation rates. Therefore, quantities of leachate produced are not large. Wiili the consideration of very small emission factor (30 ng TEQ/m:1 )the releases of PCDD/PCDF from this source can be neglected. Pub1ic sewage system serves about 70% of the population in Jordan. Different types of wastewater treatment an, applied in the treatment plants existing in the country. The rest ofwastewater is either collected in septic tanks or in cesspi~. The PCDD/PCDF releases from wastewater depend o.n the wastewater quantities, while the releases :in sludge d~nd on the sludge dry matter (D.M). The estimated dry matter ratio is I SO kg/1000 m3 ofwastewater. Not all pumped wastewater from septic tanks and cesspits is received by or treated m treatment plants. Toe unaccepted wastewater is transported and dumped in open pools located within solid waste landfill areas. There are eleven authorized sites receiving the pumped wastewater from septic tanks ad cesspits of houses, commercial and industrial areas that are not served by the public sewer system. Compost production i not common in Jordan. Some experiments were earned out to produce compost from domestic solid wnst.e. The quantities of compost produced are not a considerable source of PCDD/PCDF releases and can be neglected. E Waste oil refers to the used oil generated in kitchens, the mineral oil used in vehicles and other machines and the oil used in electrical transformers (PCBs). UNEP Chemicals T,oolkit does not mention an emission factor to calculate the PCDD/PCDF re1eases from. this source. Different emission factors were used in calculating the PCDD/PCDF :releases in this category depending on classes of wastewate<. They-ranges between. 0.5-5 pg TEQ/1 in waoor and l 00-1,000µg TEQ/t in product. This category is the second large sour-ce in PCDDIPCDF releases. Table 2.19 shows the estimated PCDD/PCDI• releases from category of Disposal/ Landfill Table 2.19 Estimated PCDD/PCDF Releases from Disposal/ Landfill 0 0 0.390 12.643 0.029 0 0 0 I 0.029 s 0 0 0 0 0 Waste oil treatment (non 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thennal Total 0 0.419 0 0 12.253 12.672 Jordan Actton Plan tor Per1isten1 Organic PolllJtant■ IPOP11 ----------------------------- ----- --4 Mlnlltry of Enviroamc.al l 2 Main Source Category 10: Hot Spots This category includes the sites that have probably been contaminated with PCDDIPCDF as a resuJt of activities that have been practiced in these sites. Other sites considered as hot spots are those in which some accidents took place. This category does not have numerical estimations of PCDD/PCDF releases. Such estimation requires a detailed and historical study for each site. Waste dumping was being carried out in the past without any control. By the progress acWeved. in all sectors of the economy including services, the sitnntion of waste disposal has been improved. Many old dumping sites were closed without taking measures to mitigate the environmental impacts of such sites. The following sites are examples of hot spots: Marlca old solid waste dumping site. Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) landfill/ Russcifa. Aqaba old landfill site. Kufur A wan solid waste dumping site/ Trbid. Tayba solid waste dumping site/ lrbid. Sorrow solid waste dumping site/ lrbid. Wad.i Kattar liquid waste dumping site/ Zarqa. Sludge disposed in As- Samra area. Chlorine factory fire accident/ Zarqa. Table 2.20: Swmnary of the ResuJts of PCDD/PCDFReleases Annunl Release, (g TEQ/a) Air Water I I I I Waste Incineration 9 .365 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.1 Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal P.roduction 0.707 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.2 9.417 2.857 3 Power Generation and Hea · 0.350 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.350 , 4 ~ction o( Mineral .Products 0.34-J 0.000 . 0.000 0.000 0.1 0.417 5 6 7 8 Transportation Uncontrolled Comb~tian Processes Production of Chemicals and Consumer Goods Miscellaneous 2353 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 2.353 51 .204 0.000 0.074 0.000 1.9 53.140 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.345 0.0 0.350 0.002 . 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.046 0.000 0.419 , 0.000 0.000 12.3 12.672 ' 9 Disposal/ Land illllog ..;:c -=----1--1----+---1-----1---1 , 10 Identification of Potential Hot• Spots 11.5 3.5 0.43 0.51 2.88 65 I 0.43 0.06 15.5 Tot11J 64.3Z 0.42 0.07 0.34 16.44 81.60 100 78.84 0.51 i),09 0.42 20.15 100 Jordan Action PIIUI fo, Pe,.linent Organic Pollutant■ (POP$) 67 68 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al 2.3.4.2. PCBs and HCB Polycblorinated Bjphcnyls (PCBs) Toe task on PCBs containing equipment includes a review of previous related studies and finding out eqwpment containing such material s and approlCIID.8te quantity. The working team of experts and Ministry of Environment (MOEnv) staff bad carried a preliminary survey, mainly for electrical transformers that manufactured and insta:Ued before the year 1980. The current status was mentioned earlier. Regarding ink and carbonated paper, used by the locat printing industry, and other materials and eqwpment, that considered as a potential for PCBs, are almost totally imported from the international IIUll'ket. Thus, the working team decided that there is no point to spend more time and effort in. investigating such issues. However, it is wise that MOEnv. would kec,p records about imported materials, and equipment that might contain PCBs. The details of the study is presented in the final report of PCBs Inventory issued by Ministry of Environment, 2005. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB is nol manufactured in Jordan. Moreover it is banned as it is listed in PIC. ConcJ usions: PCDD/PCDF release inventory snows 1he following: II The major source category of .PCDD/PCDF releases is the Uncontrolled Combustion .Processes Category .. 1t is responsible for more than 65% of total release. Category of Disposal/Land filling ranked the second and the Waste Incineration ranked the third of L5.5 % aud l l.5 % respectively. • The major receiving vector is air with about 79 % and followed by residues of mere than 20 %. • There is still more work to be done on hot spots, PCBs. • The sourees responsible of larger PCDD/PCDF releases. such as uncontrolled waste burning and wastewater treatment, be1ong to public ector. • The absence of clear waste n:umagement policy decreases the application of the waste minimiution related activities such as waste segregation and recycling centrn. • Lack of sophisticated medical waste incinerators. Most of incinerators have no APC systems. Medical waste management js weak, either in waste separation, coUection. transportation or disposal. Some medical waste is dumped with domestic waste or open burned. Recommendations: Recommendations have been made in different fields: Legislation, awa.reneSJ,, studies and researches and projects. the recommendation is as follows: l . Enforce the available legislations. will result in mitigating the negative impacts of some practice~ like open burning and consequently, will minimize the PCDD/PCDF releases. JIOPsNIP Jordan Acffon Plan tor Per■ietenl Organic Pollutantl fPOP11 dry of Enviromncnl 2. lssue the PCDD/PCDP related legislations and setting the proper mechanisms to enforce them. 3. Introduce of PCDD/PCDF allowable upper limits within the current Air Quality Standards end other .related standards and emission criteria. 4. Enforce and ,enhance implementation of bealthcare waste management regulation and expand inspection cover6ge to include all healthcare establishments. 5. Focus on the programs prepared for the employees who practice activities known as major contributors to PCDD/PCDF releases. Waste management employees should receive proper awareness and training. 6. Link the releases with the public health issues m all awareness programs. 7. Set a long-term awareness plan. to include POPs subjects in. the programs of different educational stages. 8. Form an expert committee to identify the couot.ry needs of laboratories and r-elated technical facilities. These facilities should be procured m earlier stages of the NW project in the context of Stockholm Convention on POPs. 9. Build the capacity of the local specialists in PCDD/PCDF subjec1s through appropriate training programs. Such programs can be implemented in coordination with donors and Stockholm Convention secretariat. 10. Encourage postgraduate students to do their researches in different subjects related to PCDDIPCDP releases. 11. Review and consider the previous PCDD/PCDF initiatives and projects wben preparing futur,e POPs related proposals. This will resull in avoiding the duplication or overlapping in work and decrease the cost of project jmplementanon. 12. Develop the landfill sites and improve disposal operations by adopting sanitary land .filling of waste. J 3. Construcl central healthcare waste incinerators, where feasible, equipped with flue gas cleaning systems. It is also recommended to investigate the feasibility of alternative treatmem and disposal technologie-s. 14. Secure the needed financial and technical support for .haz.ardou.s waste management project in Suwaqa. 15. Enhance and support :renewable energy projects, rationalizing the energy use and encouraging the production and the UStl of clean fuel. Jordan Action Plan fo, P9nl■tent Organic PoUutant■ <POPa> 69 70 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al 2.3.5 Information on The State of Know1edgo on Stockpiles, Contaminated Sites, and Wastes; Identification, Probable Amounts, ReJevant Regulations, Guidance, RemediationMeasures, and Dill.a on Releases From Sites. Sites considered as probable sources of Dioxin and Furan releases are the hot spots. However, no attempts have been made to investigate or to evaluate the con1noution of such sites in the releases. Lack of experience and technic-al instruments is one constrain of performing such work. The idenlified sites are: Matk.a old solid waste dumping site Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) landfill / Rnsseifa Aqaba old landfill site Kufur Awan solid waste dumping site/ Irbid Tayba solid waste dwnping site/ lrbid. Sorrow solid waste dumping site/ Trbid. Wadi Kattar liquid waste dumping site/ Zarqa Sludge disposed in As- Samra area. Chlorine factory fire accident / Zarqa. 2.3,6. Summary of Futan: Production , Use Releases of POPs Requirement For Exemption POPs are not produced In Jordan. Also it is not imported or exported. Periodical assessment and evaluation of the POPs situation may indicate the need for specific exemption, in such case the Convention secretariat will be infonned 2.3.7 Existing Programs for Monitoring POPs Releases and Enviromncmtal And Hwrnm Health hnpacts, Jnoluding Findings Jordao took actions to ban the import. production and use of pesticides listed as POPs since 1980. Several official agencies bas already established. programs or projects for monitoring POPs releases in environment to take action to minimize their impacts on lm:mm health and environment and to shift to other alternatives particularly .integrated pest management approaches, The existing programs related to POPs monitoring in Jordan are list-ed below with 1mrnmarimd .findings. 2 .3. 7 .1 Pesticides: I . NatfonaJ Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Jordan Environment This project is proposed, supervised and supported .financially by the Ministry of .Environment The various elements of the project has been carried oUl by several gov&mmental agencies according to their ability and specialty as follows. JIOPsNIP Jordan Acffon Plan tor Per■istenl Of'ganlc PolMantl IPOP11 --------------------------------------1 dry of Enviroamcnl a. Monitoring of Pesticides in AgricuJtural Crops: It is an on-going compound of the project that started in 1993 and is carried out by the Center of Analysis of Pesticides and Their Residues in the Ministry of Agriculture. Table 2.2 l shows comparison between pesticide residues in the imported agricultura1 commodities during 1993 up to 2005. ResuJts of the study in 1993/1994 showed that 4.3 % of the samples contained pesticide residues 3.4 % of lhe total samples contained chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues but less than the MRL. In 1999/2000 study, 0.5 % of the imported samples contained pesticide residues more than the MRL and all the residues were from non persistent organic pesticides. 1n 2001/2002 study, none of the imported samples contamed pesticide residues more than the MRL, but the found residues were from non persistent organic pesticides. ln 2002/2003 study, non of the imported samples contained. residues more than the MRL. 1 % of the total imported samples contained cblormated hydrocarbon pesticide residues less than MRL. Th.ese were two samples containing Endosulfan. In 2004/2005 study, 16.7 % of the total samples contained residues but less than the MRL. Al,. a conclusion, .none of the poltnted samples conta.i.ned chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Table 2.22 shows comparison between pesticide residues in the local agricultural commodities during 1993 up to 2005. Results of the study in 1993/1994 showed that 20 % of the total samples contained pesticide residues but less than the MRL. 4 % of the total samples contained residues more than the MRL. 5.2 % of the totaJ samples contained chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticjde .residues. In 1999/2000 study, 0.1 % of the total samples contained pesticide residues more tbau the MRL and an of the residues :from non-persistent organic pesticides. 6 % of the total samples contained pesticide Tesidues rro:m chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds. In 2002/2003 study, none of the samples contained residues mare than the MRL. 23.5 % of the total samples contained residues but less than MRL. 5 % of the total samples contained chlorinated hydrocacbon pesticide residues bui less than the MRL. These samples contained residues of Dicofol and Procymidon. In 2004/2005 study, 2~ % of the total samples contained residues but less than the MRL. As a conclusion, none of the samples contained residues more than the MR.L. 0.5 % of the total samples contained residues of chlorinated Jiydroca:rbon pesticides but less 1han the .MRL. Jordan Action Plan fo, P9,.l,tent Organic PoUutant■ <POPa> 72 Mlnk1r)' or Environment = POPsNIP Table 2.21 : Comparison Between Pesticide Residues in The Agricultural Commodities in The Study Of2004-2005 and Studies Conducted in 1993-1994, 1999-2000, 2000-2001~ 2002-2003 For lmported Samples. I Percentage ■• Percentage I•. Percentage I• % ••• % . tt · % • tl. t. It . . . . . . . . 1les number I 989 I - I 2so I - I 200 I - I 200 I Number of samples that I contain pesticides 43 I 4.35 I 38 I 15.2 I 29 I 14.5 I 26 I belowMRL. Number of samples that don' t I 946 I 95.65 I 2 12 I 84.8 I 110 I SS I 174 I contain ~sticides Number of samples that I I I I 1 I 0.5 coutaiupcsticides I ~ -~ higher than MRL. Number of samples that contain pyrethroid I 3 I 0.3 I 17 I 6.8 I 10 I 5 I 6 I compounds Number of samples that. contain I 10 I 10.01 I 26 10.4 I 21 I 10.5 I 12 I organophosph.orus compounds Percentage % l3 87 3 6 I I 19s I 12 I I 183 I I 4 I I 9 I Percentage % 6.2 93.8 2.1 4.6 Jordan Action Plan for Peraistelll o ,oa,,io Pollutant.a cPOPaJ Mluhtry or Environment POPsNllJ> I Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage % % % % % Number of I I I . t I ' I ' samples that contain 34 3.44 s 2 6 3 2 1 -- organochlorine C ounds Number of samples that 2· 0.2 2 Q.8 2 l 4 2 2 1 contain banzelite unds Number of samples that contain -- - 3 1.2 -- -- - -- - hthalamid C Nmnbcrof samples that - - - - 3 0.5 - - - -contsin conzawl C OUDds Number of samples Lhat contain other - - -- - - 1 0.5 4 2. 1 0.5 emcides 0 Note: Samples may have more than one pesticide. Jordan Aotion Plan for Per8iatent Organic Pollutant• (POPI) 73 .M.lnk11')• or Enwooment == POPsNIP Table 2.22: Comparison Between 2004/2005 Study and Studies Conducted in 1993-1994, 1999-2000, 2000-2001 , 2002-2003 For Local Agricultural Commodities . 1les number Number of samples that contain peslic1des below MRL. Number of samples that contain pesticides which don't have MRL. Number of samples that contain pesticides higher than MRL. Number of samples ■ • • ll25 225 45 that don' t contain I 855 pesticides Number of samples that contain itbroids Number of samples that contain organophosphates 74 49 53 Percentage % 20 4 76 4.36 4 .71 Study in Pcrcenta 1999- % 2000 , I ·oo 28 11.2 47 5 2 2 217 86.8 151 7 2.8 6 9 3.6 9 Percentage % 23.5 l 75.5 3 4.5 .■ 200 ' 45 155 3 14 Percentage % 22.5 77.5 1.S 7 ■ . • . 195 ' 16 179 2 3 Percentage % 8.2 91.8 1 1.S Jordan Action Plan for Peraiatelll Orpi,io Pollutanta cPOPaJ Mluhtry or Envltonment ,POPsNTP Number of samp1es that contain cWorinat.ed hydrocarbons Number of samples that contain banzelitcs Number of samples that contain 0 Lds Number of samples that contain dithiocarbamatcs Number of sample~ tha1 contam oxazoledeniles Number of samples that contain bridzenones Number of samples that contain conzawls Number of samp1es that contain other 1esticides 59 5.24 7 0.62 1 0.09 123 10.93 16 1.42 3 0.27 Jordan Aotion Plan for Perament OrganJO Pollutant, (POPI) Study in Percentage 1999- % 2000 IS 6 1 0.4 0.4 l 0.4 1 0.4 't ffl ■ I 10 s 7 5 2.5 5 18 9 16 I 0.5 s 2.5 3 5 2.5 4 3.5 2.5 8 1.5 2 iITTi w· DIE 1 2 2 6 2 Percentage % 0.5 1 1 3 l 75 76 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al JtOPsNIP b. Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Mothers Mille: There were studies on pesticide residues in mothers• milk conducted by University of Jordan, and Royal Scientific Society (RSS) between 1993 and 2005 and still on going. Based on these studies. the foJiowing can be concluded: An increase of HCHs in 2003 samples compared with 1995 samples. • A decrease of DDTs residues in 2003 samples compared with 1995 samples. A decrease of Cyclodiens in 2003 compared with 1995 samples. In a study conducted by RSS in 2002 in four govemorates iD the oorthem part of Jordan mothers' milk samples were found contaminated with re sjdues of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. When comparing the results of a study done by University of Jordan in 2000 with that done by the RSS in 2005 in four govcrnorates located in t.he ccnter of Jordan (Table 2.23). lt was concluded that pesticide residues for cycloclie-ns, DDTs and HCHs decreased significantly. Table 2.23: Comparison Between RSS Study of2004-2005 and University of Jordan Study in 2000 for Detenn:i:nahon oCCbJorinated Hydrocarbons m Mothers' Milk. A study of 16/2/2004~16/2/2005 Royal Scientific Society A study of2000 University of Jordan Total average ,concentration in (mg/kg milk fat) Total average concentration in (Mg/kg milk fat) t t . I 0.005 0.02 0.04 0.01 DDTs HCHs Samlpes City Cyclodiens DDTs HCHs Samlpes number number 0. 16 0.20 0.05 0.9 1.18 0.38 0.1 5 30 Amman 0.18 1.02 0.43 45 0.20 20 Zarqa 0.25 1.9 0.63 25 0.20 10 AJsa1t 0.18 10 Alshone Aljanobeiaa O. lS 1.6 0.18 30 0.09 10 Deirala 0.17 Average O. l9 1.41 0.41 (--) : Mean under the detection limit. HCHs: (a,p;y) Hexachlorocyclohexane, RCB. DDT&: (o,p'-DDTt p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, o,p '-DDD. p,p'-DDD). Cyclodienes: {Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlorepoxide). City Amman Zarqa Alghwr alawsat average Jordan Action Plan tor Per1isten1 Of'Qanlc Polh.rtantl IPOP11 ---------------------------- --------1 dry of Enviroamcnl c. Monitoriog or Chlonoated Hydrocarbons Residues m Anunal ProducL A study conducted by the RSS between June 2002 and June 2003 showed that 37 % of animal product samples were contsroimrted with pesticide residues but less than the MRL, although 3 % of the samples contained residues more than the MRL. In 1995, 2000, 2001, and 2005 studies conducted by RSS indicated that 26 %, 20 %, 43 %, and 35% of the samples, respectively, were contaminated with pesticides residues but less than the MRL, whereas 5%, 2.5 %. 3 % and 4 % of the samples contained residues more than the MRL (Figure 3 ), 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 30.....,¼, 0 3 ro--3% CJ l=:l CJ CJ U'l 0 ...- C") IJ") -(J) 0 0 0 ~ a, 0 0 0 T""" N N ('J 0 N o Percentage of diary products samples that contain pesticides residues exceeded MRL o Percentage of' dla,y products samples that contain pesticides resldl.les below MRL Figure 3 Comparison Between Srudy Result<; of 2004/2005 with Similar Studies Results in 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2003 for Dairy Product Samples d. Jylonitoring of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Residues in Water: University of Jordan, RSS and Jordan University for Science and Technology have conducted monitoring separately or in cooperation with other governmental sectors between 1993 and 2005. The conducted studies from the different sectors always indicated thal there was no cootaminatioo or residue of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in any drinking water sample except in 1995 study done by the Universjty of lordan. when finding a- HCH and y-HCH and. p, p' - DDT in five samples collected in Deir-Alla (Figure 4) and HCH compound in two samples from Zai (Figure 5), but all of them were less than the MRL. Jordan Action Phm fo, Penlinent Organic Pollutant■ <PC>h> 77 78 0.03 It 0.02 ; 8 0.01 Deir-Alla water sampkta 0 -+--4~------.-. .... --.-- ,. ... -----.- . ......., Figure 4 Concenlratioo of HCB in Deir-Alla Water Samples in the Period Between April and December 2004 0.05 0.04 u 81 o.o3 5 .!: 0.02 :c 0.01 Zaywater HmplH 0 - ......... ---r----.--r--..-...,..--...----.--~ ............... "T'"-4~ ;: >, CII >, ~ ~ i l: ~ .. ... .... a. m C: "S ~ j i .8 ~ I II) c( -i! , i E en I 011 .i! ~ f 8 s l 0 0 0. z 0 c8 a; 8am pies dale Figure 5 Concentration of HCB in Zai Water Samples in the Period Between April and December 2004 e. Monitoring of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Residues in Soil and Sediments. In Soil Ministry of Euvlroomi!al JIOPsNIP A study conducted by .RSS in 1994 showed that most samples taken :from the Jordan VaJley and other agricultural regions contained chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide particularly DDTs, Lindane and Cyctodens. ln a study done by the University of Jordan in 2002/2003 and 2004/2005, the soil samples taken from southern, central and northern Jordan Valley were contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides particularly Heptachlor epoxide, and .DDT. Jordan Acffon Plan tor Per■istenl Of'ganlc PolMantl IPOP11 --------------------------------------'I dry of Enviroamcnl In Sediments A study conducted by RSS in 1994 showed that there were residues of DDT and DOD in sediment samples. Another study done by University of Jordan in 2004/2005 showed that there were chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds particularly DDT and Heptachlor epoxide in. sediment samples. Safe Use of Pesticides in Jordan There is a nattonal project carried out by Ministry of Agriculture since 2004 and financed by Ministry of Planning of Jordan. The project is aimed to train agriculture ,engineers, fiume:rs and wo-rkets in agriculture sector on the proper use of pesticides to minimize its us.age, its hazardous effect an man and en.viromrumt and to apply the safety period. Development t.be Export of Agriculture Crops There is a national project carried out by the ational Center of Agriculture Research and Technology Transfer (NCART) at the Ministry of Agriculture in Jordan. It is :financed by the .International Bank to increase the export of agricultural crops. particularly to the European Union according to EUREP- OAP. ln addition. it is aimed to have crops free of pesticide residues or to minimize the residues to less than tbe MRI., by using alternatives to pesticides such as integrated pest management. 23,7.2 PCBs and Uointentioual By*Products: Monitoring of PCBs and unintentional by-products in various fields does not exist. Jordan up to the present time is not able to derennine residues of PCBs and Dioxins and Fu.rans. None of the existing laboratories is equipped well to perform this monitoring. In addition, main labs for residue analysis are lacking qualified and skilled manpower. Establislung new Jabs or providing some laboratones with major equipment for PCBs and unintentional by~product analysis is needed. Moreover. training of quaJified people to work on this advanced equipment is also needed to overcome this important point 2.3,8 Current Level of Information. Awareness and Education Among Target Gr-0ups; Existing Systems to f'.o:muumicate Su.oh lnform.atinn to the Various Groups; Moobanism for Infonnation Exchmgc with. other Panies to the Convention 2.3.8. i Cwrent Level of In.fonnation: The level of available information on POPs differs according to the foUowing considerations; POPs groups The natw-e of information on the same POPs group, and • The recipient target groups Jordan Action Pla n for Per.lltent Organic Pollutant■ (POP$) 79 ---- Ministry of Euvlroomi!al P•esticides: The availability of .infonnation on pesticides in Jordan is much more satisfactory compared to that of PCBs and PCDD/PCDF. There are cli.fferent national sources of information on pesticides describing their quantities, import, handling, storage, use, risks, registration and banning. Jn fact, the Government of Jordan has banned many types of pesticides prior to the Stockholm Convention. For example the use of DDT was banned in J 980 by the Ministry of Agriculture for agricultural uses, and in 1992 it was banned by the Ministry ofHea1th for combating Malaria. Tox.aphine was banned by the Ministry of Environment The existing quantities of pesticides. as well as the locations of stockpiles of DDT, Dieldrin, and Agrocidc are defined and documented. Few studies on pesticide residues in soil, water, mothers' milk animal products and food etuffwere conducted by Jordanian experts. However> further studies arc needed, particularly on the suspected contaminatt:d sites. Several national institutions ace working oo pesticides management within the over all chemical management context. Toe Ministry of Agriculture. Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environmcn½ Ministry of Labor, Custotrui Department, Civil Defimse Directorate are the main governmental institutions concerned with chemical compounds management. Other agencies such as Chamber of Industry and Fanners Union have a role in I.his regard. .PCBs: The Leve] of information about PCBs is less than that of pesticides. Information on PCBs related issues is exclusively interesting to parties and individuals considered as stakebo1ders, EnvironmeotaJ concerned agencies. power generation se<.ior, and some specialists are the main interested parties. As PCBs containing transformers and capacitors h.ave not been imported since 1985, the concern about the use of PCBs is getting less. A study on PCBs was conducted by the Environmental Research Center of the Jordanian Royal Scientific Society )RSS( in 1991. The study covering Greater Amman area, revealed very low concentrations of PCBs in a total of 119 collected samples from tnmsfonners oiJs. A wider inventory for the existence of PCB bas been camed out by I.he PCBs task force within Jordanian NIP project The inventory results are presented in other sections of this report. However, further studies are needed for the completio:n of the inventory on the snspected PCBs containing equipment,. probable PCBs contaminated sites~ and the method to be followed so as to phase oui and co mitigate the PCBs impacts. PCDD/PCDF: Information collection on PCDD/PCDF was initiated in 1996 thiough conducting three studies conducted by University of Jordan for PCDD/PCDF regarding releases from Jordanian environment. The first study was concemed with the open combustion of mllllicipal waste at Amman landfiTI site. The second study focused on tbc ex1stencc of PCDD/PCDF in human milk samples. The third study, which was a Ph. D. th~is, dealt with PCDD/PCDF in soil and biological samples from an old municipal landfilJ site and surroundings at Marica area. The Ministry of Environment carried out the first national inventory on PCDD/.PCDF re]cases from different sources as specified in UNEP ChemicaJs Toolkit. The inventory report was issued within tbe Asian Project in 2003. The inventory has been updated .as a reqwrement of the uatiooal NIP project A tota1 rele-ase of 81 .6 g TEQ/a JtOPsNIP 80 Jordan Ac:Hon Plan tor Per1iatent Organic PolllJtant■ IPOP11 --------------------------------------1 dry of Enviroamc.nl of PCDD/PCDF from all categories was estimated in 2003, compared to 71.l g TEQ/a of PCDD/PCDF release in 2000. 2.3.8.2 Awareness and Education among Target Groups Most of Jordanians have a general thought saying that usmg cbemtcals is not healthy. Many people attribute occurrence of diseases, especially cancer, to foodstuff products for using chemicals (hormones, fertilizers and pesticides), and they are not happy with eating pesticides treated products, but they do not recognize POPs in particular. 'The concept of green products ( chemicals frco food) is encouraged by both the government and lhe local NOOs. However, this thought could be a useful background for carrying ou.t targeted public awareness programs on POPs pesticides and other POPs chemicals. This will be also an opportunity to correct some extreme thoughts about using chemicals. Jordan. has a number of environmental NGOs. They have considerable awareness actlvitios. Through their awareness programs and campaigns, they did a lot of positive effects in the pubUc attitudes. Most of environmental concerned instimtions have their own awareness activities. In most cases tbese activities me coordinated with NGOs and the meclia.. Within the NIP project activities, several workshops were held in the context of NIP preparation. During inventories preparation a kind of awareness was carried out fur industrial, agricu.ltura1 and power generation sectors. More awareness programs and activities are planned to be performed for specific target groups. It is believed that the level of awarcness is still low especially in PCBs and PCDD/PCDF related issues . .Jordan government bas recognized the oeoessity of environmental education. Consequently~ the majority of public aod private universities and collages have environmental departments. Regular environmental courses have been introduced to different school classes. NGOs with collaboration with the Ministry of Education encourage the establishment of environmental clubs or /and committees within schools. Altho-ugh such activities arc not carried out specifically for POPs, tbey include some infurmatioo and knowledge about different POPs r,elated. issues. 2.3.8.3 Existing Systems to Communicate Suchlnfon:nation to the Various Groups There ar,e dilferent methods to communicate the information. These methods depend on the type of targeted group, the degree of technical detwls and the way tha.l the information can be. used. For government.al institutions the most used system is composition of pcnnancnt committees that have regular meetings. Although such committees have specific task to work. on. they can be information communication tool to the represented institutions, and lo other group afterwards. AD example descnlnng such committees is Pesticides Registration Committee. The committee is composed of representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health. Ministry of Environment, National Center for Research & Technology Transfer, University of Jordan, Royal Scientific Society, Association of Agricultural Materials Merchants, Association of Agricultural Engineers) Pesticides Factories and Vet-Drugs Factories. Jordan Action Plan for Penlltent Organic Pollutant■ (PC>h> 81 82 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al Information communication to public can take a form of awareness programs through workshops, seminars, news letters and by media. More than 90% of Jordanians have a certain level of education. Almost all Jordanian families have colorod TVs. Moreover, the access to internet is available for a considerable percentages of the people. So, the media and the internet arc crucial tools of communication in Jordan. There is no integrated unified system for the exchange of national infonnation with respect to chemicals in Jordan. This matter calls for the existence of a developed infmmati.on network that link between the various governmental and NGO's to facilit.ate obtaining information pertairung to chemicals in all stages of its handling. In view •Of multiplicity of the bodies concerned with the managemeot of chemicals and consequently the multiple functions and methodology of each of them, the Environmental Sector Committee in the National Information Technology Center decided to select a national sub-focal point to coordinate information available with the concerned authorities on an internet page located in the Environment Health Directorate in the Ministry of Health. The governmental parties and industrial corporations are provided with the in.formation needed on the various chemfoals by faxt personal visit and e-mail. It was recently connected within the Iotemet network of the National Information Center so as the information would flow easily to the parties parti.cipating in the Environment Sector Committee of the National lnfonnation Technology Center, and thus help the decision markers in obtaining information on the spot. For the time being, all important informatton on the home page relevant to chemicals was completed as the available information on chemicals within the reach of all parties were collected. Also, lhe electronic link with the Customs Department was made (National Chemical Profile, 2002) 2.3.8.4 Mechanism for Information Exchange with other Parties to the Convention Usually the information exchange with other Parties to the Convontion take place via internet and E-mails. In some occasions the .information could be directly exchanged in the regional and/or international meetings, workshops and conferences. 2.3.9 RclevantActivilics of ron.-Oovcmmcntal Stakeholders Government: of Jordan. has been always encouraged non-govemmmrtal organiz.ations and private sector oreanizations to partnering developmental activities. There are a handful numbers ofNGOs are working in the field of environment and ecology. The NGO are providing bolb information and services in making a safer environment and a1so contributes in wastes mWlagement of the country. The activities of the majority NGOs in fordan with. regard to environment ranges from promote safe environment. preservation of nature and ecology, protection and improvement of environment and obviously raise awareness of the people. Basically NGOs undertake enviromnental activities which could be categorized under the fo Uowing the broad oategoryi to assist for protection of environment and ecology • promote s.afe environment help people rehabilitations if require in protecting environment system and ecology JIOPsNIP Jordan Acffon Plan tor Per■ietenl Organic Pollutantl fPOP11 ------------------------------ --------1 dry of Enviroamc.nl information dissemination on adverse effect of hazardous wastes and chemical • organize people's participation in managing vulnerable environments Encourage the enVll'Onments1 awareness for the varioUB sectors of the community sectors with the aim of creating 11ational and mdividual mterest with the environmental issues. • Co-operate with other environment societies to influence the decision- makers for preservation of natural resoutCes in the Kingdom • Support local industries through encouraging citizens to use the recycled materials. • Encourage the preparation of studies and researches related to the natural environment, sponsor the positive opinions and trends in this respect, document results, enhance knowledge of the species of plants and place same w:u:ler the band of the public. • Study and detennine of consumer problems. as well as work with the official and nation.a] bodies and scientific institutions to overcome it 2.3.10 Overview of Technical Infrastructure for POPs Assessment, Measurement, Analysis, and Prevention Measures, Management, Res~ and Devolopmmt Linkage to lntemationa!Progmms andProjccts Only compatibilities for analyses of pesticide is present in the country. Dioxins, Fnran.s and PCBs are not being analyzed. The laboratories that analyze pesticid~ are present mainly at; Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Different universities, andRSS. The following institutions arc experienced resources in organoohlorine pesticides and po1ychlorinated biplienyls analysis in Jordan; I . Ministry of Agriculture. Center of Pesticides Analysis and Their Residues Lap of 2. University of Jordan; Enviromnenta] Pollutact Research Laboratoty - AnalyticaJ Chemistry / Department of Chemistry. • Water and Environmental Re.search and Study Center, 3. Mo' la University: Water and .Environmental Studies Center )POPs Laboratory(. Engineering Faculty Laboratories. 4. Amman National University: Organic and Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Laboratmy. • Analytical Organic Chemistry Laboratory. • Automatic Analysis Laboratory . .S. Yarmouk University. 6. Hashemiya University. Jordan Action Plan fo, Penlltent Organic PoUutant1 <POPa> 83 Ministry of Euvlnu,m•at 7. Petra Private University. 8. Jordan University of Science and Technology. Environmental Science Section. Pnblic Health. Chemistry Section. 9. Royal Scientific Society. JnduBtrial Chemistry Center. Environmental Research Center. 10, Ministry ofHeatth. 11 . Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. 12. Ministry of Environment. Experience resources in Dioxins and Furans analysis are limited to University of Jordan: Environmental Pollutant Research Laboratory - Analytical Chemistry / Department of Chemistry. Then: is limit.cd number of PCDD/PCDF studies in Jordan. The most important are: 1. Dioxins and Fur.ms in the Jordanian Enviromnent, Part t : Preliminary Study or a Municipal Waste LWldfill Site With Open Combustion nearby Amman - Jordan. MA Alawi, H. Wicbmimn, W. Lorenz and M . Bahadir, Chemosphere (1996). Vol 33. No .. 5: 907-911. 2. Dioxins and furans in the Jordanian Environment, Part 2: Levels of PCDD/PCDF in Human Milk Samp1es from Jordan. M.A. Alawi, H. Wichm81lll, W. Lorenz and M. Bahadir, Chemospbere (1996). Vol. 33, No. 12: 2469-2474. 3. Study of Dioxins/Furans in Soil and Biological Samples from the Municipal Old Landfill Sjte and its Surroundings at Marka. Ph.D. Thesis of Dr. Abdulrouf A. Abbas under lhe su:pctVision of Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Alawi 4. Identification and Quantification of Dioxins and Furans Releases in Jordan. Ministry of Environment, Amman June 2003. It is very essential to build capacity in the area of analysis of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated bipheoyls and dioxms in terms of per5011Del, eqllipment and laboratories. Qualily control/quality assurance procedures in analysis of these compounds have to be implemented. Interlab comparison must be performed within labs in the countcy and with external labs. There is limited number of PCDD/PCDF studies in Jordan. However, the following studies and reports are available. PO NIP Jordan Acffon Plan tor Per■istenl Of'ganlc PolMantl IPOP11 dry of Enviroamcnl 5, Dioxins and Furans in the JoTdaoian Environment. Part I: Preliminary Study of a MtlJ'lic1pal Waste Landfill Site Wrth Open CombUBtion nearby Amman - Jordan, M.A. Alawi, H. Wichmann, W. Lorenz and M. Bahadir, Cbemosphere (1996). Vol. 33. No. 5: 907-91 l. 6. Dioxins and Furans in the Jordanian Environment, Part 2: Levels of PCDD/PCDF in Human Mille Samp]es from Jordan. MA. Alawi, H. Wichmann. W. Lorenz and M. Bahadir, Cbemospherc (1996). Vol. 33, No. 12: 2469-2474. 7. Study of Dioxins/Fmans in Son and BfologicaJ Samples from the Municipal Old Landfill Site and jts Surroundings at Marka. Ph.D. Thesis of Dr. Abdulrouf A. Abbas under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Alawi 8. Identification and Quantification of Dioxins and Furans Releases in Jordan, Ministry of Environment, Amman - June 2003. Jt is very essential to build capacity in the area of analysis of organochlonne pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins in terms of personnel, equipment and laboratories. Quality control/quality assurance procedures in analysis of these compounds have to be implemented. Internal lab comparison must be perfonned within labs in the country and with extemal labs . .Information Management Capacity The POPs Unit at the Ministry of Environment has initiated and developed different inventories and database related to POPs. During the implementation of the N1P and the development of the detailed inventories, Tlus database will be made acceS-sib]e to the public and international stakeholders. Tt should be taken into consideration lhat some of lhe biggest companies have expertise and accumulated expertise in the management of certain. aspects of the POPs issue. During the implementation process, their Jnclusion will also be sougbl 2.3.11 Identification of Impacted -Populations or Environments, Estimated Scale and Magnitude of Threats to Public Health and Envi:romnental Quality and Social lmplicati.orui fur Workers and Local Communities 2,3.11.1 Pesticides Scieruific knowledge about identificatlon of impacted populations or environments, estimated scale and magnitude of threats to public health. and environmental quality and social implication for workers and local communities, are significantly nol sufficient. lo general, Lhe previous issues arc lacking research. studies and projects in Jordan on various POPs. The available data on these issues can be swnmarized mainly from a study conducted by the University of Jo rdao in 1996 in central Jordan Valley a. Identification of Impacted Populations by Pesticides The srudy showed that 54 % of tho farmers ~lieve in the advantages of pesticides and 8'6 % of the local citizen.s know their disadvantages. Howevet. some banned chlorinated hydroc-arbon pesticides by Jordanian government and listed the Stockholm Jordan Action Plan fo, Pitnl■tent Organic PoUutant■ <POPa> 85 ---- ----- 86 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al Convention, were found .in th samples analyzed from common vegetables. It is proper to categorize the impacted populadons to: J • Workers of F onnulated Pesticides; There are 15 manufactures to formulate pesticides up to 2005. No survey or study has been done on impact of pesticides on workers in these industries. 2. Agricultural Engineers, Technicians and Workers in Private AgricuJt.ure Companies: The,re are 86 agricultur.al companies in Jordan in 2005 dealing with importing and producing pesticides, in addition to 167 commercial agricultural small shops in 2005 to sell pesticides in Jordan. Most of these companies are located in Amman, and central and north of Jordan Valley. No survey or study has been done to know the impact of pesticides on these populations. 3. Workers of Pesticide Loading. Transportmg and Storing: No survey has been done to know the impact of pesticides on these populations. 4. Pesticide Application Workers: Few studies have been canied out on application workers. In tbc University of Jordan study. average cholinesterase bas been raised by 95.62 % of its activity when workers wilh orgunopbosphate and carbonates after two months of working away from pesticide applications. 5. Population Surrounding the Sprayed Area: No survey studies have been carried out to .know the impact of pesticides on populations Jiving surrounding sprayed areas. The results of the University of Jordan study on cholinesterase activity showed significantly more in children living in central Jordan Valley (3.459) wilb intensive use of pesticides compared with those in Amman (JabaJ AJ-Hashmy) (3.421) with light use of pesticjdes. 6. Population of Jordan: Few studies have been carried out on pesticide residues which. might reach human beings through the food chain. particularly some chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues which was found in mothers' milk in Jordan. b. Determination of Impacted Environments by Pesticides L Air: There are no real field studies about contamination of air with pesticides .neither banned •chlorinated.hydrocarbon nor allowed pesticides. 2. Water: Jordan suth as many countries has ttnderstood the problem size and done several studies. AU conducted studies showed that there was no contamination of drinking JIOPsNIP Jordan Acffon Plan tor Per■istenl Of'ganlc PolM antl IPOP11 --------------------------------------1 dry of Enviroamcnl water with residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Despite these results continuous pesticide monitoring in drinking water and other types of water are needed particularly chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues. 3. Soil and Sediments: Few studies on pesticide residues particularly chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds in soil and sediments have been carried out in Jordan. All studies showed the occurrence of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues in soil of open field and under plastic houses conditions and sediments of agricultural regions. More studies are needed. Soil in some regjons particularly Jordan Valley has lost most of its fertility due to the intensive use of pesticides or the previous use of chlorinated hydrocarbon peslic1des. Study on effect of pesticides on soil microorganism is also needed. 4. Wildlife: No survey or smdy on effect of pesticide particularly chlorinated hydrocarbons on wildlife such as birds, wild animals and honey bees have been carried out. 5. Agricultural Commodities: Some studies showed the presence of ch1orinated hydrocarbon residues in samples of vegetables, fuu.t trees and field crops local and imported ones. More studies aro necd.ed to he sure that food is free of these banned compounds. c. Threat of Pest.icides on Public Health 1. Acute toxicity: Those numbers of poisoning accidents (53 cases) between 1997 and 2002 could not represent the actual status due to the lack: of documentation for poisoning cases in hospitals and health centers. However. 27-69 % of pmsoning cases indoors were due to pesticides handling and storing. Projects for improvement of poisoning documi:ntatioo itte· needed. in addition to national poisoning center to be established in Jordan to 1ake care of all related issues. 2. Chronic Toxicity: Banned chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues were found in some samples of local or imported agricultural and food commo<:Uties. In addition, these banned compounds were found in imported and local animal products and mothers' milk. International references indicate the possibility for these compounds to cause carcinogenic effects, mutagenicity. teratogenicity, fetotoxicity and reproduction effects. A total of 3362 cases of cancer were recorded among Jordanians in 2000. This figure increased to 4187 in 2002. There is no documented link between exposcure to pesticides and cancer cases yet; research s1:ndies and monitoring of pesticide residues particularly chlorinated hydrocarbons in food study are needed to minimize the potential health risks. Jordan Action Phm fo, Penlinent Organic Pollutant■ <PC>h> 87 88 Ministry of Euvlroomi!al d. Threats of Pesticides on Environment: The pesticides particularly chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds have an. adverse etlcct on I.he different environmental systems in Jordan and every where in the world. This etJect leads to negatives changes in the food chain. ll is well known that 0.1 % of the sprayed pesticide is able to reach the target. The remained amount of pesticides goes to soil. water, air, wild life and food chains. The ohlorinated hydrocarbon residues in Jordan were found in soil, sediments and in few cases in water. Eggs of several wild birds were not able to hatch due to the effect of DDT on its calcium. Residues of some chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides were detected in fish in Jordan ValJey. Many rodentia fish were found poisoned in Jordan Valley which in its tum kiUed many of a Grey Atelea cenerea. Tbe actual threats of pesticides particularly chlorinated hydrocarbon as pollu~ on the environment needs to be studied to decrease its threat. e. Economic-Social Implications of Pesticides on Workers and Local Communities: Field surveys done by the Ministry of Environment in 2004 (Table 2.24) showed I.bat still few pen,entage of farmers use banned chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides particularly Al~ Dic1dritl, Toxaphcnc and DDT. The study of the University of Jordan. concl:uded that most of the people living in Jordan Valley surrounding farmers are highly aware of the disadvantages of pesticides on health and environment, but not able to avoid Ille hazardous effects due to their occurrence in the vicinity of agricultural1egions. The survey covered 96 fanners in the Jordan Valley, the pesticide usage by farmers aimed to increase profit gained from crop yield by decreasing financial cost and in.creasing incomes, ignoring the side effect on public health and environment. Most fanners take the needed information about pesticides from agricultural engineers of the Ministry of Agriculture (31.3 %}, their own experience (20 %). extension bullet.ins (133 %) and from national media (9.5%). This means that the agricultural engineers always need to be highly educated with the necessary knowledge about pesticides. 23 % of 1he farmers harvest their crops without considering waiting period for pesticides. This leads to conclude tha! economic aim for f.armern is more important than public health of the community and environment., fo improve their economic tatus by increasing the profits. Some funners believe that the more than use of pesticides, the more crop yield they will have. About 65.5 % of the farmers believe that the customers know of pesticide residues in crops and in spite of that they oontinne buying them. Fwmers will co:n:tin:ue using pesticidesi despite that some of the consumers might not buy their crops that are treated with pesticides. Farmers believe also in coatlnuing the use of pesticide, despite the increase in pesticide price. The economic factor is very important in usin g pesticides by farmers. Tbe use of pesticides migbl decrease the need for labors particularly for getting rid of weeds , fungi and insects. Learned farmeIS use pesticides more than others but they do not .know enough about the disadvantages and proper use of pesticides. JtOPsNIP Jordan Action Plan tor Per1isten1 Of'Qanlc Polh.rtantl IPOP11 ----------------------------- ---------'I dry of Enviroamcnl Table 2.24: Number and Percentage of Farmers who use Banned POPs Pesticides in 2004. Pesticide common name number Aldrin 2 28.5 Chlorodane 0 0 Dieldrin l 14.3 Endrin 0 0 Hebtachlor 0 0 HcxacbJorobenzcne 0 0 Murex 0 0 Toxaohe:n 2 28.5 DDT 2 28.S Total 7 100 2.3.J 1,2 PCBs Bild UnintentionaJ By-Products Scientific knowledge about identification of impacted populations or environments. estimated scale and magnitude of threat to public heelth and environmental quality and social implication for worlc:ers and local communities in Jordan does not exist up today. Projects on these important issues are needed. 2.3.12 Details of any Rclcvnnt System fur-the Assessment and Listing of New Chemicals Most of the pesticides from the persistent organic pollutant listed in the Stockholm were banned in Jordan before being enacted. Most hazardous pesticides as persistent organic pollutant but not listed in the Stockholm convention was banned in Jordan. The objective of new chemicals assessment is to provide a consensus scientific description of the risks of exposure to new chemicals an health and enviromnent. A system for the assessment of new chemicals does not exist in Jordan. The published assessment reports and other related document<; performed and prepared by 1he developed countries and the various relevant international organizations cmi be UBed as the basis for taking preventive actions against adverse health and environmental impact. The assesm1ent document are often used as the basis for establishing guidelines and standards for 1he use of chemicals. both new and existing. thus eliminating or reducing human health risks associated with particular classes of ch~cals (e.g. pesticide), protecting vulnerable groups, (e.g. Children). the elderly, and workers, and reducing or eliminating risks to the wider environment. Jordan Action Phm fo, Penlinent Organic Pollutant■ <PC>h> 89 90 Ministry of Euvlroomeat 2.3 13 Details of Any Relevam System for Assessment and Regulation of Chemicals Already m the Market The Pesticides Section of the Plant Protection Department of the Ministry of AgricuJtnre is the implementing authority of the Pesticides Ordinance, Pesticides Rules and the Pesticides Technical Committees decisions. Technical Pesticides Registration Committee, which was entrusted with the duty of selecting or specifying the kinds of agricultural pesticides that are permitted for circulation, and specifying their prices, specifications, registration conditions, as well as conditions of their trade. A technical committee, composed of representatives of the various specialized governmental and academic agencies was formed in 1975 for purposes of regi.stration of the pestic1des entering the TGngdom, studying their potential risks and recommending prohibition of their entry if it was proven that they are harmful to human health and/or environment. The .Pesticide Registration Committee continues ro ban pesticides acoording to the recommendations received from international bodies concerned with the risks of pesticides and their impact on human health and environment. The Head of -Pesticides Section acts as the Secretary of I.he Technical Pesticides Registration Committee while the Director, Plant Protection Department acm as The Technical Pesticides Registration Committee Chairman JIOPsNIP Jordan Action Plan tor Per■istent Organic Polllltant■ IPOP11 --------------------------------------1 Mlnh:t:.ry or Eovlr,onmmt POPsNIP 3. STRATEGY 3 1 Policy Statement Jordan is one of the leading countries in the developing world and the region that bas look after the local environment since 1970s. The remarkable step was the establishment of the Department of Environment in 1980. The leadership of the country always insisted to adhere to the international community and United Nations requirements and instruments concerning all issues especially environmental protection. The Environmental policy of Jordan is defined by the National Environment Strategy. It is considered an important national document 8Jld SO'UJ'OO book, and the National Socio-Economic Development Plan as well as other similBT level planning documents related to economy, agriculture and health sectors. These create a common foundation for the development and implementation of the national sustainable development policy. Jordan enjoys a fragile eco--~-yatem~ potable water is carce and a very short coast line of less than 27 Ian; arable land is limited; and energy sources are few. Thus, protecting natural environment and the base of national economy is very important. These are directly linked to regional and global environmenml pollution and degradation. The environmental policy of Jordan emphasizes on the coordination effort on regional and global basis in close cooperation with concerned international bodies and agencies addrei;sing all global envuonmeutal issues, such as Ozone Layer Depletion; POPs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Improved quality of life for the people of Jordan, economic growth, protection of the environment and maintenance of the o.atu:ral environmental-balance arc related together and very imponant to achieve only sustainable developments. Such a rational approach should promote environmcnta.l protection and sustainable development strategy an Jordan. The Government of Jordan is committed to manage POPs chemicals with the main aim of protecting its people and environment. Ali an active member of the international comm1mity» Jordan will also undertake essential measures for protecting the global environment from negative impacts of dissemination of POPs compounds through out the world It will implement, in the futme1 most practical and appropriate activities concerning the prevention of spreading of POPs into the envrronment and eliminate POPs from local environment in. compfumce with the provisions of the Stockholm Convention. It is anticipated that the Jordanian environmental policy will take the following initiatives in order to achieve sound environmental management of POP8 compounds in all st:cton of the economy: Reduce possibility of human exposure to POPs compounds. Eliminate intentional and unintentional releases of POPs into the environment by applying the principle of best environmental practices Upgrade existing mstitutional and legal frameworks for proper management of POPs. Develop structure for long-Letm monitoring programme of POPs residues in biological and physical environment to determine the present status and to develop future treads. Jordan Amion Plan la, P1r111tent Orvanic Pollutant■ {POPs> Mtnirtry of E1n-ironmcnt POPsNIP Ensure full inspection of suspected contaminated sites through field investigations and tests. Phase out the use of POPs compounds as requested by the convention. Eliminate existing stockpiles and wastes of POPs compounds in environmentally sound manner. lntcnsify public awareness campaigns about detrimental effects of POPs compounds t.o human bealtb Continue international cooperation on POPs management and information exchange. Develop effic1eot cooperation between stakeholders and the concerned government.a) institution to promote sttccessful olution to POPs problem.c;. J.2 lmplementJUion Strategy It is anticipated that Government of Jordan. represented by the .Mtnistry of Environment, will implement the National Implementation Pl.e:n (NlP} by involving experts from public and private sectors as well as concerned NGOs with environmental issues. Because sound management of POPs demaDds an active participation from all stakeholders in addition to governmental institutiom,. A National Implementation Unit (NIU) will be established within the Ministry of Environment as a leading body and focal point to implement the NIP. The NIU should comprise representatives from main stakeholders, researchers and academicians, NGOs and donororganizations. Too.main tasks of NIU arc follows: Supervise NIP imp1emenlalion and evaluate the progress every year. Supervise POPs management Coordinate between clilferent parties involved in NIP implementation Manage ftmding for the different activities. Assign different activities to different institutions to carry out the different parts of 'J'.-.i'IP. Upgrade the POPs inventories and 1'."'IP according to the Stockholm Convention. Oqymiu training for POPs concerned employees and workers such as p1an1 protection engineers, electric engineers, environmental engineers, chemists, customs officers. border control officers. technician.~ ... etc. particularly those responsible about chemical management, wastes, . .. etc. The existing national POPs monitoring programme and/or network will be strengthened and supervised directly by the NIU, for a better environmental monitoring of different POPs compounds and residt1es. This shou1d involve vario~ laboratories, such as Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of I~ Department of Customs and Universities. in Jordan. The extensive accumulated experience in pesticides, Agricultural pests and public health disease3 their control and special laboratories in universities and research centers would be of great importance and helpful for monitoring impact of POPs co1llpounds on human health in Jordan, bul after upgrading and strengthening of such laboratories. 92 Jordan Action Plan for ~•ittant Organic Pollularrta 1POP•l ------------------------- ----- --------- -t Mlnh:t:.ry Of Eovlr,onmmt POPsNIP 3 .3 Activnies, Strategies and Action Plans 3.3J .Activity: .lmliWliuna.l md Regulluory Strengilu:ning Measures Objective The prime objective of this activity is to strengthen institutional and legal frameworks for sound management of POPs. and to ensure compliance to the requirements and obligatlons of the Stockholm Convention. Activities: 1. Establish a National lm.plcmeotatinn Unit in the Ministry of .Environment with detailed responsibilities 2. Ensure the compliance of Jordani11n legislation with the rcquiremenlS of the Convention snd Protocol by revision of existing legislation; identification of gaps; recommendations for amendments; stakeholders consultat1ons. 3. Revise existing legislations to ban any future production. use, export and import of POPs. 4. Enforce waste management legislations related to previous pesticide usage. 5. Develop the necessary instilutional and technological basis for I.he safe waste management of PCB containing equipment and PCB contatnmg waste, as well as implement timely and safe collection and elimination or PCB containing waste. 6. Enforce adequate monitoring practices of POPs emissions end implement preventive measures to decrease unintentional POPs emissions. 7. Develop guidelines to determine the suspected oontaminated sites 8. Inspect s-uspected past and present contaminated sites. 9. Introduce and adopt guidelines and standards for acceptable limits of POPs 1emissions in different environmental elements. 10. Enhance efficient cooperation between stakeholders and concerned institutions, N OOs, local communities and research ce:nters 3.3& Activity! - MCll.llt.Uea to Reduce or Eliminate Emilsion From Iutcntiobal Production nnd Use. ObJectives: The objectives of this activity nre to improve or to establish legal and administrative measures to get red of present and future production and uses of Pops. Activities : 1 • Prevent-ion of illegal u.-.e and handling of DDT. 2- Establish monitoring programmes for POPs based on Tordan's international commitments. 3- Strengthen the environmental inspection departments in the different competent authorities. Jordan Milon Plan la, P1r111tent Orvanic Pollutant■ {?C>Ps> Mtnirtry of E1n-ironmcnt POPsNIP 1.3.3 Activi : Production. ilea, Wastl:S of Aimex A POPs Pestiai<b (A Objectives: The objectives of action plan are to ,continue to enforce banning POPs Pesticides and to eliminate their residues in the environmen1 oomponents through proper environmental approaches Activities: l. Define stockpiles ofexisting banned POPs pesticides 2. Label and.repack: of POPs pesticides stockpiles properly 3. Store and/or dispose of POPs pesticides stockpiles in an environmentally • ound manner. ~.3.4 r arid Dlap9sal of PCBs and Equipment Cont~ PCBs (Annex A, Part 11 Chemicals) Objective The main objective is to prepare inventories on equipment containing PCBs. prepare technical standards coaceming analysis, transportation, storage, exchange. decontamination and desiruction of PCBs; and develop system for monitoring of contaminated areas and point sources. A\.-tivities : 1- Conduct comprehemnve field surveys in order to complete the PCBs inventories on the national level. 2- Develop guidelines for collection and safe disposal of contaminated. oils and equipment. 3- Define, label, and store stockpiles of existing contaminated oils and equipment 4- Clean or replace contaminated equipment 5- Dis-po~ of PCBs stockpiles and/or contaminated equipment in an environmentally sound manner . • 3.5 Activity: Productlon; Impott and ~ Csc Stockpiles and Wast.cs of DDT (Anncx.B) Objectives: The main obJecbVes of this action plan 1s lo prepare and adopt of a strategy for control, completion. collection, and disposal of DDT in Jordan, and secure environmentally sound destruction of stockpiles of DDT in Jordan. Activities: l. Define stockpiles of existing banned DDT 2. Label and repack of DDT stockpiles properly 3. Store end/or dispose of DDT stockpiles in an environmentally sound mwmer. Jordan Action Plan for Per.latent Organic Pollutant• tPOPe1 Mhw:t:ry ofE.nvlronmmt POPsNIP 3.3.6 Activities: Register or F..xemption m,d the Continuing Need for E emption (Aniclc 4) Periodical assesament and evaluation of the POPs situation may indicate the need for specific ex.emption, in such case the Convention secretariat will be informed. 3.3.? Pim AttinnJ: Meuurm. Iii Reduce ReleiiSe& rmm Uninten1itmal P.mdutw.m: Objectives: The prime objective is take necessary measures in order to reduce the releases of PCDD/PCDF. PCBs and HCB!I. Activities: 1. Control of solid waste open burning 2. Develop and enact proper procedures to collect and dispose medical waste in environmentally sound manner 3. Improve usage aod/or disposal of sludge generated. from wastewuter plants. 4. Improve current disposaJ operations by adopting samtary land fillmg of waste. 5. Study the feasibility of upgrading existing and/or constructing regional medical waste incinerators. 6. Support the hazardous waste management project in Suwaqa, south of the capital city Amman. 7. Enhance and supporl renewable energy projects, rationalize energy use and encourage production and use of clean fuels such as natural gas and bio-fuels. 3.J.8 Aciivitv. M~ 10 Reduce Releases .From.Stoc ' c-s and WastcS Objective. The main aim is to reduce the releases from stockpiles and wastes by adopting the most applicable and acceptable measures. Activities: I. Arlopt acceptable international standanb and codes of practices in order to emmre safe storage of POPs stockpiles and waste 2. Apply best available technology and best environmental practices (BAT/BEP) in order lo reduce and dispose waste in safe and environmental .friendly manner. 3. Encourage participation of private sector in waste management. Jordan Milon Plan la, P1r111tent Orvanic Pollutant■ {?C>Ps> Mtnirtry of E1n-ironmcnt POPsNIP .3.9 Identification of SJnclcpilcs, Articles in U,c 1111d WBBta; ObJective The objective of this action plan is to develop proper strategies to identify stockpiles of all POPs. and suspected COJ\taroioatcd. Aot.ivities: 1. Complete of the database on hot spots1 stockpiles, waste and contamiualed sites 2. Develop and adopt measures to reduce releases orwaste. stockpiles containing or contaminamd with POPs, including PCDs compounds. 3.3.10 Objective : Managmg jdencified stockpiles or POPs end under take sound measures lbr fmat disposal to protect the environment. Activities: 1 ~ Establish of procedures for handling, disposa1 of stockpiles, articles in use and waste. 2- U ,mpJete of database ufllotspol and contaroin11ted sites. 3- Manage of waste man Environmental sound manner. 3 .3.11 ldcntificadon of Contaminated Sites Annexes ~ B and G. chemicals and 'Remediatinn in an.Environmentally Souild Manner ObJective: Dimng the preparation of PCBs inventory, no attempt was made to identify contaminated sites with PCB compounds due to time and budget limitations as well as the absence of analytical capability of such compounds. Further more, no reliable data is available to decide which site is contaminated. From historical review and experience few suspected sites could be identified. These include old power stations. workshops for repairing transformers and capacilotli and free zones at Zarqa and Aqaba. Aotivitios: 1. Conduct a thoroughly inventory of contaminated areas with an analysis of ecological risks and evaluate the need for decoinamination 2. Establish a national ccnte.rs for capacity building and technology transfer 3. Develop and upgrade proper labs for quantity analysis and providing existing analysis labs with advanced facilities to get accurate data and accelerate analysi procedures. to be internationally accredited 4. Remediation of POPs contaminated sites. JorQan Action Plan for Peralatent O,vanlc Pollutant• 1POPe1 Mhw:t:ry ofE.nvlronmmt POPsNIP 3.3.12 Activity: .Fadh111jng or Uodi:rulking Infomwian Eltclwige and Stakdinldc:o f lnvolvm11m1. ObJectives: Develop en efficient information e~change at tbe national1 regional BDd international levels and create mechanism for stockholder involvement in issues related to POPs Activities: l. lmprove cxistmg information exchange mechanisms on national level 2. Develop new information excb.ange mechanisms to fit the needs emerged from the progress of POPs related issues on national, regmnal and mremational levels. 3. Encourage, strengthen and maintain involvement of various s1akeholdm's in POPs related issues. 4. Syncrgize dillcrent international agreements related to chemical and POPs issues. 5. Enable an easy access of public to data and available information. 6. .Ensure exchanging educational and public awareness tools related to POPs end their alternatives at national and international levels. [3.3.13 Activity: Pu6t c AW81CnC5S, lnformanon. ana Eaucation Objectives: t. To raise the public awareness on the POPs management related issues and specifically oo this impact onhuman.healtb and environment. 2. To encourage edncation ,on POPs include POPs in study programs of school and uwve:rsilies. Activi.ttes: 1. Develop and approve a national plan for protocting public health from impacts resulted from exposure to POPs 2. Set a strategy for raising awareness campaigns 3. Raise awareness for decision-makers OD POPs related issu.es. 4. Make mformation on POPs available to the public through different medJa channels )TV, radio, press and printed materials(. 5. Raffle awareness on POPs related issues to public through different activitie~ focusing on specjfic target groups, such as industrial and agricultural sectors, women and children, ... etc. 6. PubUsh differenl guidelines on lhe impacts and hazards of POPs on health and environment for the different exposed target groups. 7. Set a long-term plan to include POPs subjects in the programs of different educational stages. 8. Encourage postgraduate studies to conduct research in different POPs iss-ues and provide the needed funds and facilities. Jordan Milon Plan la, P1r111tent Orvanic Pollutant■ {?C>Ps> Mtnirtry of E1n-ironmcnt p'. 3.14 Activity: .EiTocbvcncss Enluanon (Article 16) Objectives: POPsNIP The effectiveness wiU be evalnated periodically after the date this convention is enforced. The periodicity of the evaluation of the effectiveness will be decided by the Ministry ofEnvironmenL The environmental monitoring data regarding POPs will also be evaluated under the supervision of1he Ministry of Environment Activities: l. Assign responsibilities to different institutions to avoid overlapping and unrequited repetition. 2. Update inventories on cutTent health. and environment hazards ofPOPs 3. Analyze samples taken from differenl POPs suspected sites 4. Establish a system for monitoring> evaluating and following up. S. Develop centers for analysis of Dioxins and Fu.rans. 6. Upgrade the facilities al the different institutions dealing with POPs analysis. 7. Work on accreditation of labs for certain POPs analysis. 8. Develop ora system for safe storage for collection of POPs wastes. 9. Develop of POPs waste destruction and/or decontamination facilities. Ensure reporting in conducted in compliance with the requirement of the convention ;3,16 Activity, Dcvctopmcnriand Monitoring (Articlcll) Objectives: The objectives of this activity in to monitor environment COl'ltaroination with POPs and Lo conduct re.,;earch on minimizing and eliminating POP and its releases in Jordanian envrronment. Activities: l. Encourage research on POPs and their alternatives 2. Establish a Nalional POPs Monitoring Committee for environmental monitoring of POP:s, supervising research, development. discussing results and suggesting ideas, by the Jordanian government. Thfa committ.ee might consist of members from Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Energy, Royal Scientific Society, Society of Environmem.Un.iversity of Jordan (Chemistry Department), University of Jordan (Cen1er of water and envrronmcnt) and three academicians Aocred:its.tion for each &elected laboratory should be made. The monitoring of POPs in the environment can be: a) Monitoring of POPs residues in mothers' milk. b) Monitoring of POPs residues in food staJI: water, air, soil, sediments and animal products. c) Monitoring of PCBs level in electrical equipment d) Monitoring of Dioxins and Furaru; from emission sources. e) Investigating of probable POPs contaminated sites. JorQan Action Plan for Peralatent O,vanlc Pollutant• 1POPe1 Mlnh:t:.ry or Eovlr,onmmt POPsNTP 3.3.17 Activity: 'fechnical md rmancial As&.iatance. Objectives: To identify tbe financial assistance needed for NIP implementation. Activities: 1. Secure adequate technical and financial resources to establish and maintain the proposed permanent NIP unit. 2. Fonn an expert committee to identify the country needs of laboratories and related technical fitciJities These facilities should be procured in earlier stages of the NIP project in the context of the Stockholm Convention on POPs. 3. Provide financial resources arc needed for building the capacity of locaJ specialists in PCDD/PCDF and other POPs subjects through appropriate training programs. Such programs can be implemented inside and outside the country in coordination wilh donors and the Stockholm Convention secretariat. 4. Review and ,consider the previous .PCDDIPCDF :initiatives and projects when preparing future .POPs related proposals. This will result in avoiding the duplication in work and decrease the cost of project implemcotal:ion. 5. Construct regional medical waste incinerators. It is recommended lo construct 3 incineratora in the north, middle and south regions in the country. 6. Soouro the needed .financial and technical support for cleaning up and remedialion measures that could be needed for the contaminated sites. 7. Enhance and support the renewable energy projects, rationalizing the energy use and encouraging the production and the use of clean fuel. 8. Safe storage and destruction of DDT and Dieldrin stockpiles in both min.istnes (Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture) wrtil such time that they disposed off properly with the assistance of the intamational .irultitutians in accordance with the Basel Agreement. 9. Deve1op a national program for control of vectors of human diseases that arc bom by biological vectors, using the Integrated V cctor Management {IVM} technique, including provision of support 10 such programs as the alternative pesticides are costly. 3.4 Development and Capacity-Building ProPosals and Priorities The main objective of Stockholm Convention is to protect human hcaJth through the elimination of the hazardous chemicals: chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated bi:pbenyls. dioxins and furan:s from the environmenL Tlus can be achieved by improving and establishing legal and administrative measures to get rid of present and future production. and use of pops, .increasing awareness on the dangers of using these chemicals, and to idmrtify safe altenun:ives for chlorinated pesticides. Jordan AnUon Plan lo, P1n11tent O,uanic Pollutant■ (POPt) ------------------------------------ 99 Mtnirtry ofl.u~ronmc11t The preliminary inventory done in this work has been assessed In light of the current situation in Jordan. measures to reduce or eliminate POPs from intentional and unintentional production and use have been identified. Based on this, the following capacity building proposals aro suggested: I. Management Capacity Building Adopting the National Imp1ementation Plan (NIP), This will be the focal point for aJI POP~ activities in the country and will communicate with the secretariat of the Stockholm convention and with aJl institutions and stakeboldeTS working with POPs in 1he country. Adjustment of laws and legislations by the Ministry of Environment to consider all issues related to POPs regarding manufacture, unintentional production, trade~ handling, storage, use and msposal. Assigmng ~'J)Onstbilities to different institutions lo avoid overlapping and duplication. • Development of human resources to be able to implement and enforce legislations and guidelines and environmental sound management of POPs. n. Tcclmologjcal Infrastructural Capacrty Building Identify and assess all laboratories in the cowttry dealing with POPs analysis and asscssmen.L Upgrade the .facilities at the different institutions dealing with POPs and their analysis. Establish a center ror the analysis of dioxins and furans • Put a plan for interlab comparison, proficiency testing and lab accreditation. • Training on safe coUeot1on and storage of POPs wastes Establishment of POPs waste destruction and or decontamination facilities. Get rid of POPs stockpile pesticides in an e:n:virorurumtally sound manner Suggestion of alternative pesticides and their safe use and storage. • Arrange for proper storage of stockpiles until the possibility exists for getting rid of them m an environmentally sound matter or exporting them outslde the country to a place where safe destruction of these chemicals is possible. Education on handling of these compounds if used. Collect ell the info:rmation RVailable et all institutions working on residues of PO Ps about levels of these compounds in 1he environment. Prepare a detailed workplan for field investigation all over the country to assess the degree of pollution with these compounds or their degradation products. • Preparation of e national plan to combat diseases that affect humans using integrated vector management concept • Provide Lho cross pomts al the boarders and quarantine centers with pesticide data bsse and ensure that the scientific name and Cas. ~o. for each chemical is used. Set standards for the levels of the different POPs that are allowed for different environmental elements including: water1 soil, sediments, and follow the pollution with m.ese compounds in the food chain until mother's milk and human tissues are reached and set limits for POPs in these matrices.This can POPsNIP JorQan Action Plan for Peralatent O,vanlc Pollutant• 1POPa1 Mlnh:t:.ry or Eovlr,onmmt POPsNIP be based ,on international experience and the surveys that are conducted in the country. Carry out a socioeconom1c as!l~sment to study the impactc; of U.Rmg POPs or reducing them and using their altematives. Conduct risk, health, and environmental impact assessment of POPs. Establish a computerized data base on POPs and make this available for all st.akeholdern and researchers. ID. A wa:reness Progmm Prepare a detailed awareness plan to cover ; 1. .POPs: h.ow they are produced, their danger. and how do they accumulate in the environment for the different sectors of the society. 2. Make lhe people. especially the farmers. aware of alternative pesticides and therr safe use. 3. Educaie decision makers and legislators on the danger of these oompowids. 4. Introduce these compounds to the students in the curricula in high schools and at universities. 5. Make the information about POPs available to tho public by different tncans. 6. POPs awareness campaigns should address NGOs, and women societies. Jordan Amion Plan for P1r111tent O,vanic Pollutant■ {POPs> -------------------------------------- 101 3. 5 Timetable for Plane Implementation and Measures of Success The proposed planning timetable is presented in Annex 7. 3.6 Resources Requirement J. Institutional .Framework Requirements: Mtnirtry of E1n-ironmcnt POPsNIP The M.inistry of Environment personnel should be capable of controlHog the use and emission of POPs chemicals in the country. The MiniBtry of the Environment personnel should be technically and legally aware of all issues related to complying with Stockholm convention. Regular Monitoring of these chemicals to check for compliance with standards can be conducted either by the mimstry of envuonmcnt personnel or be contracted to an accredited institulion/s in the country. Plant personnel should be trained to be capable of checking the emissions of POPs on continuous basis. Coordination between all institutions working on POPs should take place to avoid unnecessary duplication. There should be a policy set for POPs ~sues and application of Stockholm ,convention and this should be institutionalized and be independent of wbo the decision maker is. ll. Capacity Building Requirement Capacity building is required in the following areas: Laboratories dealing wilb monitoring and analysis of POPs: These should be upgraded in terms of instruments, space, and training of personnel. Accreditation of these labs is essential to ensure the quality of the data obtained by these tabs. There is a need to establish a Jab in the country capable of analyzing dioxins and fimms. Establishing a data base for POPs is cssen1ial A net work between all stakeholders should be created. Research in POPs regarding their re1ease and transfer in the environment, health effects, safe alternatives, safe destruction and disposal, advances in analytical methods for their analysis and monitoring is highly required. Human resource development in all the above mentioned areas is a necessity for the successful implementation of the Stockholm convention. This requires conducting training courses on the, national and international level. infmmation exchange, training towards graduate degrees (masters and PhDs), and conducting awareness workshops:. To achit}ve these requirements funding is required. This has been estimated to reach a total vaJue of US$ l 0,035,000. JorQan Action Plan for Peralatent O,vanlc Pollutant• 1POPa1 / / / / / / I , I I I I / I I I ---- --- -------- -- - - -------- --. \ \ \ \ \ ' \ \ \ \ ' . . \ ' \ \ \ \ I\ \\\ \ \ \\\\ "" ' \ \ \ \ \ \ \ i \\\ \ ' ' "' ' ' \\ ' \ '\ \\: \ ' \ \ ' \ \ \ \\ ' : \ 1 '\ I\ \ l I \ I \ \ I , , \ \ \ \\ \ I , , \ \ \\\ I J \ \ l I I ' ' ' \ ---- -------- - -------.. - ------------------ .. ------ - ----.. ---- ------... \ \ -------- ----------- \ -~ ------- ---- - ' \. --- ----- ~ - ---- ~ - - --- - - \ ' - - ' \ ~ --~ - --.. ' ' \ \ V ,,.,. - ------- .... '- ' \ / .. /• ------ - ~--- ------- - ' - - -- -- ------ -.. --- ' - -- - ---- -- --- -- ' -------- ----- - -- -- ----- .... - - - --- --- ------ ----- -- --- --- - --... .. - ------ -- ---- - -- - - - - ------- - --- -~-= ----- -~ -------- ~ -- --- - -- --- ,....,.., ..-- ... - -- . ,.-- - - - --- ~ -- --- .... -~ :: ~ - ~ - .:..= ~~-1k 1-- -,,~ . , ,........, -- - - ---+-f . [~ I--:. 1 t-r -~ / / I ' I I I I I I ' I 11 I\ I\\\\\ :,try orl:nvironment 1 PsNIP Annal; Emtecl legi■tatiom to m.an.age chemical matedalt for diirBent lnltitution• and departments that are related to the POPa Temporary Jaw of Ministry of Hazardous Protecting environment from different 14, 6, 8, environment no I , year Environm.ent chemical environmental pollutants, its elemenL~ 11/A 2003 materials and and managing waste resulted from it wastes Temporary law of Ministry of !Veterinary tools, Increasing producing food, 21, 20, I Effective agriculture no 44, year Agriculture medical living agricullmal products and sustain 32/5, 2002 preparations, ability in using natural resources 39/b/5, 45, pesticides, without harming the environment and 51/c/t, fertilizer poisons providing bcalthprotcction for the 55/7, animal, p lants, food..furtuns and to 57/c/9, 61 combat blast Temporary law of Ministry of Health, Medicines, Protecting public health 32, 33, 34, I Effeotive public health no 54, Greater Amman cbero.ical 36, 35, 45, year 2002 MIIDicipality, materials that 44, 49, ministry of rural don't contain 46/a/6, and municipalities organism whether 49/b/2 affaits it was an element or a mix, medical wastes Law of crafts and Ministry of Health, Chemical and Organism works in industrial and 6, 4, 11, I Effective industries no 16, year Greater Amman industrial material crafts sectors through setting health 12 1953 MUDicipality, and their-waste standards for.managing industrial and mi:nistry of rural crafts structures and nmnicipalities aflhlrs Jordan Aot1on Plan for "'8ra11lerrt Organio Pollulanta (POPa) 105 Ministry or tnruooment 'OPs NIP::1 Legislation Concerned party Chemical Target of the legislation Articles Implementation materials related I instructions of the Ministry ofwatcr Medical wastes Organizing the process of.managing All Effective management of (MORMA) pressurized cans medical wastes in a safety sections medical waste no l , poisonous genes environmental method year 200 l , issued in waste, organic according with the solvenls, cleaners modified by law of disinfection and private hospitals no sterilization 16, year 200 l , and the products modified by law for the licensing and management medical aorl private laboratories no 18, vear200l The managing and Ministry of Chemicals and -P.rotecting the environment of All handling ofhazardous .E!Nironment hazardous different environmental pollutants sections and hannful materials and their elements and managing all the substances bv law their was1es waste resulted from them Law of import and Ministry of trade Generally Monitoring the proc.ess pf import and 5/a, 5/b, Accepted export no 21, year and industry' chemical matters export 6/a, 6/b 200 1 customs department, ministry of health, Greater Amman Mnnicipatity, public security, ministry of agriculture 106. JonSan MtiOfl Plan tor Peraietant Org■OIO Polluuinta lf'()Pa) :,try orl:nvironment 11'8 NIP Legi!lation Concerned party Chemical Target of the legislation Articles Implementation materials related Imponand export Ministry of trade Chemical Monitoring the process pf impon: and 7 Accepted bylaw no 7, year and industry, materials ellport l993 customs departmenl, ministry of health, Greater Amman Municipality, public security, micistry of agriculture Instructions of impon Ministry of trade Chemical and export no I, year and industry, materials 1999 customs regulated by department, ministry of micistry of health, health, public Greater Amman security , ministry Municipality, or agriculture public security, ministry of agriculture Jordan Aot1on Plan for P!,ra11tent Organ10 Poltulante (P01'9) 107 Ministry or tnruooment 'OPs NIP::1 Legislation I I ' I . t ' Chemical Target of the legislation Articles Implementation materials related I Law of Jordanian Ministry of wol'k Chemical Providing safety ccq uircments and 78, 80, 81 Accepted work imd its polluants io occupational health to guarantee modi ficatioo, year occupatiorroel safety of workers 2002 env.ironment Bylaw offonning Minisjzy of work Appointing spcciall.zcd staff in Accepted committees and safety following up occupational safety occupational health inside establishments ( observers and observers no 7, year the committee) ..1998 Regulations Ministry of work 2,27,26,8,of article 2 Accepted speciali7,ed in protecting workers from environmental risk, issued in accordance with resolutions of article no 79 of work law Resolution special to Ministry of wo.dt Considering the special health Accepted works IeStricted to condition of women and the negative operate women in effect that is possible to occur iII resull them, 2001 of handling with f>()Il1e chemical substances Modified table tor Ministry ofworl< Protection orhealth and securing of Accepted allowed standards workers through granting a work environment empty from chemical risks 108. JonSan MtiOfl Plan tor Pe,.ietent Orga"'o Polluuinta IPOl'a> :,try orl:nvironment 1 PsNIP Customs prizing bylaw Min:istcy of All i.inported and Determining imported and exported Chapter I Accepted i=ed in accordance financial exported materials, and classifying them 25-40 of with customs law no Custom department materials customlly to determine customs fees table of 29, year 1998 subjected on tl1em delcrm.ine materials custom Custom ia.b bylaw no mentioned as production input in pricing 51 , year 1961 industry or the ones prepared for industrial usage Bylaw of the ports Ministry of AH chemical -Protecti.on from marine pollution, I Article no I Effective corporationno 51, 1m0Sport materials loaded protecting.marine environment and 18-22 year 1961 ports corporation in ships and summnding from chemical risks and steamers also protecting workers (hazardous materla.l Civil defenso law no J Ministry of All chemical and Procurement and facing risks resulted 4/c, 76, I Accepted 57, year 2000 interiors radioactive from chemical substance (transfer, 13/a, b, c, Civil defense materials or haodliog, storage, tires) d, direci:orate poisons gases M14/A1, Ml? Instructions of Public security, Hazardous and Monitoring the transfer of hazardous All I Accepted transferring hazardous, civil defense, explodablc and explodab1e materials !heir modes sectioilli explodablc materials, ministry of materials of transfer issued in accordance en viromn,ent, free to resolutions of zone establishment section 2 paragraph A customs department of the article 46 of the ports COIJJOfatiOn temporary law of traffic no 47, year 2001 Jorda" Aot1on Plan tor Pi,matent Organ10 Poltulanta IPOl'tll 1"09 J\Unlstry or tnruoomenl 'OPs NIP::1 Law of organi.dng Natural resources Harm resulted Not harming imgation resources that Article 61 I Accepted natural autborily eleclrical from the is resulted from pollutants all Resources affainl no company existence of sections 12, year 1966 quires and mines related General electriciey law Ministty of energy Materials used to Licensing of establishing generation M7/J /4, I Accepled no 49, year 2002 and mineral generate stations and allowing the usage of bn, 5-4 resources electrical electricity dlffereol materials in the sector's -2.8, 32, company development according to public interest requirement and the interest of public projects, encouraging local an forcing ioveSUllCnt in lh.e sector to provide electrical eru:rgy for coosil.mers in suffioiel\l manner Free zones law no. I Free zon es I Chemical Allowing entrance of chemical 5, 38, 22, Accepted 32, year 1984 corporation materials materials on condition of getting the 27, 37 interring 1hc free approval of the concerned parties or zones ·storage conditions/ chemical materials in free zones I Bylaw of investing in rreezone Chemical Organizing the process of entrance of Article I Accepted .free ZQ[IC.IlO 32, year corporation materials goods into .free zooe-s 22,5 1984 interring free Organizing trensit goods All sectors Instructions of storage zone Giving permissions to establish and i)lvestment in free industrial projects Inside free zones zones year 1993 Organizing the entrance of primary materials to free zones JonSan MtiOfl Plan tor Pe'9ietent Organio Polluuinta IPOl'a> :,try orl:nvironment 1 PsNIP Aqaba special Aqaba special Chemical Monitoring the import, manufacture I Article 29. I Effective ecouomic zone law no ecouornio zone materials aod storage. IJ'llnsrer and export of 52, 55 32, year 2000 authority waste generally chemical material Protecting the environment and guarantee susta:inable development ' Bylaw of orgimizing Aqaba special Chemical Permitting or not permitting the All I Effective the investment economic zone materials and practice of an economical activity in sections environment and authority wasle generally the area develop it for the Aqaba special economy;zone no 1 l, ycar 2000 I Bylaw of recording Aqaba special Chemical Clarifying banned and restricted All I Effective and licensing the economic zone materials and activities in the area sections cstablis1ent in the authority waste generally ASEZA 8, year 2000 Bylawor vironmenL Aqabaspccial Chemical Protecting lhe environment from All Eff-ective protectio inASEZA economic 1.one materials and ~fferent pollutants, f.h,is includes: sections no2l ye 2000 authority waste generally Setting requirements and standards app1oving to handle chemical materials and wastes in the area Mlmaging~solid waste haz.ardous waste and materials in the ai;ea Mon.itoring iu. -porting, manufacturio& storage, 1ransferring, exporting, handling chemical.materials.in the JUCa Jorda" Aot•o~ Plan tor Pi,matent Organio Po0ulanta IPOl'tl) l.fl Customs bylaw no 9 1. I ASEZA year 2000 Law of the Jordan Valley developmenlofJordan Authority/ ministry Valley no30. year ofwaterand 2001 ini Brion Standards and Institute of specification law no specifications and 22. year 2000 metrology Other ministries ·Il2, I Chemical materials I Chemical pollutanl material All goods imported 1hat have specified expressions and symbols Target of the legislation I Monitoring operation of in porting, exportin& storage of the chemical material waste, and to follow the need of giving restricted or banned goods previous approvaJ Developing lhe Jordan valley and environment Matcdals should be within allowed spccificauons from quality and public safety sides Articles relat.ed IAU sections Article 38/1/1, 2 38/b. 38/c Article 12-31-9 Mlmsb-y or Environment POPI I 1mpJement.ation I Effective Accepted T Accepted Jardan Action Plan ior Paraiatant Organio Pollutants ~ .MlnWry ofEnvironmcof = POPsNIP= Annu 2: Banned and u1age ratrlcted POPI according to PIC U1u Name of persistent I Restriction degree I Details about forbidden 0 enic material Chlordane Final decision to forbidden lts import and handling its import was forbidden in 1993 DDT Final decision to forbidden Forbidden resolution was its import published by PlC in 1993. It was expecfed lha1. it would be used to eliminate Malaria, which continued until 1995, thcnitwas banned by Ministry of Health Dieldrin Final decision Lo forbidden lt' s import and handling its imuort was f.orbidd.en In 1980 HCR (mixed rsomcr) Final decision to forbiddi;n rt's import and usage was lts import forbidden in 1993 Heptachlor Final decision Lo forbidden It's import and handling its imuort was forbidden in 1980 ·Lindene (l:ICH) Final decision lo forbidden lt's import al\d usage was its impoit forbidden by Ministry of A2rlculture in 1993 Texaphenc Final decision to forbidden Tt's import and handling its imoort wesiorbiddenin 1980 Poly chlorinated A final decision to Its impoi1. and handling bypbenyls f(){bidden its imports and was forbidden in 1996 llS8l(C ln industrv Jotdan A<lllon Plan for ~••nt Organic Pollutanta IPOl'at Ministry or tnruooment 'OPs NIP::1 Auaex 3: Comparison bctweeu peaflc:lde retlcloes ID the agrlc:ultural commodities ID tbe 1tvdy of 2004-2005 and 1tudlet c:ooduc:ted ta 1.993-1994, 1999-2000. 2000-2001, 2002-2003 for imported wnples. Percentage % Samples number -- ~ Number of samples that contain pesticides I 43 I 4.35 I 38 I 15.2 I 29 I 14.5 I 26 I L3 I 12 I 6.2 bclowMRL. Number of samples that don't I 946 I 95.65 I 212 I 84.8 I 110 I 85 I 174 I 87 I 183 I 93.8 contain pesticides Number of samples that contain pesticides I -- I - I - I - I I I 0.5 higher than MRL Number of samples that I contain pyrethroid 3 I 0.3 I 17 I 6.8 I 10 I 5 I 6 I 3 I 4 I 2. I com2ounds Number of s11I11ples that contain I 10 I 10.01 I 26 I 10.4 I 21 I 105 I 12 I 6 I 9 I 4.6 organophosphorus compounds JonSan MtiOfl Plan tor Pe,.ietent Orga"'o Polluuinta IPOl'a> :,try orhvtrooment 1 PsNIP Number of samples that I contain organochlorine compounds Number of samples t.h.'U I contain banzelite compounds Number of samples that I contain pbilialamid compounds Number of samples that I contain conzawl compounds Number of samples that I contain other icides I Percentage % ' . 34- I 3.44 2 I 0.2 I I I I I I I I Study In 1999 2000 5 2 3 I I I I I Note: Samplell -Y have more than one peittldde. Jordan Aol1on Plan for "'8ra11ter,t Organio Pollutant• tPOPa) Percentage % 2 0.8 1.2 I I I I Study In 2000 2001 6 2 3 I I I I I Percentllge % 3 1 0.5 0.5 I I I Study lo 2002 2003 2 4 4 I I I Percentage % l 2 2 I I Study in 2004 2005 2 l I Percentage o/e ,o.s 115 Amin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 study about tramfonnen in Jordan Electricity Dittribution Company Location Swaileh l Swailch.2 Swaileh3 GMdel al-homar Swaileh 4 Swailch5 Swailch6 Amman 1 Amman2 Amman '1 Amman4 Amman 'i Amman6 Amman 7 Amman& AmmanQ Amman 10 Amman l1 Ammanl2 Amman 13 Ammanl4 Amman 15 Countryof origin Korea Britain Britain Pakistan Britain Britain Korea .Pakistan .Fenland ltaly Korea Italv Finland Finland Holland Finland Korea Korea Bri.tain Britain Holland Finland Oil Capacity (kg) 110 760. 640 426 860 617 ll60 362 680. 3400 610 3400 650 650 830 740 ll60 610 657 584 520 l070 PCBsConc. with Florisil EXCT(PPM) NIL NIL NIL 0.085 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 2.28 NIL NIL PCBs Cone. with ACID EXCT(PPM) N1L NIL PCBs Cone. with FSYRINGE (PPM) 0.33 0.3 J\Unlstry or tnruoomenl 'OPs NIP::1 Color Yellow Brown Yellow Brown Yellow Brown Brown Yellow Yellow Yellow Brown Brown Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Brown Brow.n YeUow Yellow Yellow Yellow JonSan MtiOfl Plan tor Pe'9ietent Orga"'o Polluuinta IPOl'a> :,try orl:nvirooment 1 PsNIP Sample No. 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Location Amman 16 Amman17 Amman 18 Amman 19 Amman20 Amman21 Amman?.2 Amman23 Arnman.24 Ammao25 Amman26 Amman27 Amman7.8 Amnum 29 Amman 30 Amman31 Amman32 Amman33 Amman.34 Amman 15 Amman 16 Amman 37 Amman38 Amman39 Amman40 Amman.41 Amman42 Amma:n43 Amman44 Jordan Aot1on Plan for 1'!11ra11ter,t Organio Pollutant• tPOPa) Country of origin Britain. 1lehrium Finland 8-oUan.d France Britain Britain. Britain Korea Xoxea Britain Britain Korea Bel~um Pakistan l3ehrium Korea Britain rtaly Britain .Fenland Britain Fenland Britain .Fenland Britain Britain Italv Oil Capacity (kg) 590 4l0 1070 520 240 1000 716 644 1015 610 784 8143 610 960 362 960 1015 776 5250 8143 680 687 1070 1050 680 590 854 3400 PCBsConc. with Florisil EXCT(PPM) NlL 0.23 NIL NIL 13.08 NIL NIL NIL NIL 2.95 9.94 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL Nil., NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NlL NIL NIL PCBs Cone. with ACID EXCT(PPM) I PCBs Cone. with F GE (PPM) 0.26 :22.36 2.1 13 Color Yellow YeUow Yellow Yellow Yellow Brown .Brown Yellow Brown Bruwn Dark Brown Green Dark Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Yellow YeJlow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Ycllow Yellow Yellow Yellow .:;~J 17 Semple No. S2 53 54 SS S6 S7 58 59 .60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 )18 Location Ammao4S Amman 46 Amman47 Amman48 Amman49 Amman SO Amman 51 Amman S2 Aillmao 53 Amman 54 Amman55 Amman56 Amrnan57 Amman58 Amman S9 Amman60 Amman6l Amman62 Amman63 Amman64 Amman65 Amman 66 Used oil Remanufaetured oil New oil Al-zaroa I Al-zaroa 2 AJ-zaroa 3 Al-zarqa 4 Coun1Iyof origin ]3ritain Britain Korea Pakistan Xorea Korea Korea Britain .£ranee Jaoan 'Britain Korea Korea Britain Fmncce Britain TTumi;arv Britain l3ritain Russia Britain Holland Britain Britain Bti.tain lDllv USA I Oil Capacity (kg) 732 879 4950 600 4950 1160 ll60 784 240 850 1060 1160 660 615 585 S90 850 580 759 800 850 520 . 784 6180 s 113S PCBsConc. with Florisil EXCT(PPM) NJL NIL 0.6 0.1 0.54 NIL NIL 0.13 16.3 0.12 NIL NIL NIL 2.58 1.81 NJL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL N1L NIL 4.79 NIL 2.39 NIL PCBs Cone. with ACID EXCT(PPM) NIL NIL NIL I PCBs Con.c. with PSYRJNGE (PPM) NTL NlL 2.58 0.11 20.16 NTL 2.86 NIL 10.1 NIL Ministry or tnruorune.nt 'OPsNJPs 1 Color Brown Darld 3rown Dark Brown Brown DarkBrown Datk Brown Dark.Brown Brown Brown Yellow Yellow Brown Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Brown Brown Yellow Yellow Yellow Dark .Brown Yellow Yellow Dark Brown Yellow Yellow Yellow Jordan MtiOfl Plan tor Peraietent Orga010 Polluuinta IPOl'a> :,try orl:nvirooment 1 PsNIP Sample No. 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 l02 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Al-zarqa5 Al-zaroa 6 Amman67 Amman68 Amman69 Amman70 Amman 71 Ammao72 Amman 73 Ammao74 Amman75 Amman 76 Amman77 Amman78 Amman 79 Amman80 Amman81 Amman 82 Amman83 Amman 84 Amman 85 Amman86 Amman 87 Amman88 Amman89 Amman90 Aroroan91 Amman92 Ammao93 Location Jord■" Aot•o~ Pl■n for P!,rwwtent Organio Po0ulanta !POPI) :OWrtryof origin RQSSia Turkey Britain Britain Finland. Korea Korea Poland Britain Korea Korea Britain Britain Einlmtd Flnland Pakistan Korea Korea Korea Japan Pakistan Jaoan Korea Britain Britain Britain Britain Britain Pakistan Oil Capacity (kg) 375 725 630 2400 680 ]160 ll60 680 4700 ll60 1160 4700 784 680 65.0 510 1165 610 1160 610 510 830 610 695 463 807 784 630 510 PCBsConc. with Florisil EXCT(PPM) NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL J .05 NIL NIL NlL 23.19 11.'IL NIL 0.14 NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.13 NIL 0.12 NIL NIL NIL OAS NIL 41 PCBs Cone. with ACID EXCT(PPM) □ NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL I PCBs Cone. with FSYRINGE (PPM) 8.34 8.34 18,3 18.3 5.32 NIL NIL 3.56 NTL Color Yellow · Yellow BrOWIJ Yellow Yellow Dru:k: Brown Dru:kBrown Yellow Yellow Dru:k Brown Brown Brown Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Brown. Browo Darlc.Brown Yellow Yellow Yellow Dark.Brown. Brown Brown Brown Yellow Yellow Brown ...........~ 119 Ministry or tnruooment 'OPs NIP::1 HO Amman 94 Korea 874 NIL 111 Amman 95 Korea 630 NIL NIL I l 2 AmmillJ 96 Britam 720 NIL NIL Browo 113 Amman97 Britain 1304 NIL NIL Duk Brown J 14 Amma:o 98 Britain 860 NIL NIL Yellow 115 Amman99 Britaia 860 NIL Yellow 116 Al-zarqa 7 - - NIL Yellow 117 Amman LOO - - NIL NIL Brown 118 Amman 101 - - 3.79 0.40 Yellow 119 Amman 102 - - 0.33 2.77 Yellow 120 JonSan MtiOfl Plan tor Peraietant Orga010 Polluuinta IPOl'al .MlnWry ofEnvironmcof POPsNIP= Anna 5: Tn111formen Inventory 1a the Central Electrlcity Generation Company (CEGCo). Main Transformer 4-0000 13800/ 1674/ Isovolt Off-load Dynll 1&2&3 l32000 175 NTR- ABB Unit Transformer 3750 13800/ 456/ [sovoll Off-load Dyn1 1&2 NITRV-ABB 3300 655 Unit Transformer 3750 13800/ 156/ Isovolt OJJ-Joad Dyn.l 3 tSETBP-ABB 3300 655 Unitaox. TransfOllileJ' 1725 3300/ 301/ Off-1oad Dynll 1&2 416 2394 NIT.R•ABB Urulaw(. 2000 3300/ 350/ Askeral Off-load Dynl l Tnmsformer 3 NITR-ABB 416 2778 Earthing iransformer 50 13800/ Askeral Off-load l&2&3 240 TMSE-ABB Plant transformer L 3750 3J000/ 66/ lsovoll Off-load DynJl NITR-ABB 3300 655 Plant transformer 33000/ 131/ 2 7500 lsovoll Off-load Dynll NIT.R-ABB 3300 1312 Plant aux. lranSformer I 1725 3300/ 301/ Askeral Off-load DynlJ NITR-ABB 416 2394 Planrawc. 2000 3300/ 350/ Askeral Off-load Dyn.11 transformer 2 NITR-ABB 416 2778 Gas lurbine 16800 33000/ 970/ lsovoh On-load Yndl1 Transfonner I W.ll Canada 10000 327 Gas turbine aux 150 LOOOO/ 8.6/ transformer 416 208 Gas turbine transformer 28000 33000/ 1917/ lsovolt On-load Yndl1 2 dor 10000 453 2500/30AEG Jordan Action Plan for Penillant Organic Pollutanta rPOPat J\flnirtry or En.vlronmcnt POPs·NIP '. • I ~ ' ; ' ' I • Type of tap I Vector group chan •er Gas turbine 2 200 lOOO/ l 1.6/ I - - -aux transformer 416 289 Main transformer 80000 132000/ 350/ SheU Off-load Yd11 4&5&6&7 13800 3347 diallab fUJIREC. Uuit transfonner 7500 13800/ 392/ Isovolt On-load Dyl 4&5&6&7 3300 1640 FlJJTELEC Unitaux. Transfoxmer A 1150 33000/ 201/ Dry type Off-load Dyl I 4&5&6&7 416 1S96 FUJlELEC Unitaux. Transformer B 3000 3300/ 32S/ Dry type Off-load Dyl I 4&5&6&7 416 4160 FUJTELEC Tuthing TransfoTIDer A 1S 1.3800/ - Dry type Off-load 4&5&6&7 FUllELEC 240 Plant Tl'llllsfonner 7500 33000/ 1640 isovolt Off-load Dyl I 3&4 3300 FUJI.EL.EC • Plantaux. Transformer 2000 3300/ 350/ Dtytype Off-load Dyl I '.3&4 4J6 2780 .FlJilELEC 122- Jordan Action Pl■n to, Pw■letant "-•ftic Polllll■nla IPOP■I . .....; ; -.....:...·--·------1 M1nil1ry ofEnvfronm,nf POPs NIP= Annex 6: Tnuuformen In IDECO which maou.fadured before 1980. Year of I Notes ma11ufacturl11g 1 Ja.rash 400 1940 500 1979 OU seepage / Enbeh soil pollution 2 Jarash 1940 500 1978 Simple old oil Enbeh 400 seepage 3 Jarash 880 3650 1000 1979 Good . Swof 4 Jarasb 660 2605 500 1976 OU seepage / Swof soil pollution 5 Jarash 660 2605 SOO 1976 Simple oil Swof see e 6 .Irbid 680 2605 1976 Good 7 Trbid 680 2605 1976 Good 8 1tbid 563 2022 1973 Good 9 Irbid 563 2022 1973 Good 10 Irbid 680 2605 1977 Good 11 Irbid 1960 Fixed in elico 12 Trbid 260 1968 Good 13 lrbid 1959 The label is not clear 14 lrbid 1979 The label is 11ot c1ear 15 lrbid 1979 The label is not clear 16 Trbid 51 gallons 1009 1960 Good 17 lrbid 1963 The label is not clear 18 Irbid 4140 1384 1973 +lype changer with 610 kg oil oontent 19 lrbid 1640 1970 Good 20 Trbid 1670 4863 1973 Good Jordan Acllon Plan for PoaBmant Organic Pollutanla tPOPat 123 Ml4kb-)' or Environment POPI .Anno 7: lniti■I Estimation of Tune aad Budget for the Implementation or the Different Action Plant ·124 J • Establish a National lmplemcntation Unit in the Ministry of Envrronment with detailed responsibilities 2. Ensure the complian~ of Jordanian legislation with the requirements of the Convention and Protocol by revision of I existing legislation; identification of gaps; recommendations for I amendments; stakeholders consultations. 1 3. Revise existing legislations to ban any future production, use export and import of POPs. 4. Enforc-e waste management legislations related to previous I pesticide usage. 5. Develop the necessary institutionaJ and teohnological basis for the safe waste management of PCB containing equipment and PCB con1ainmg waste, as well as implement timely and safe collection and elimination of PCB containing waste. 2006 - 2011 201 1 Jordan Action Plan ior Paraiatant Organio Poliutantl IP0Pa, :,try orl:nvlronment 1 PsNIP 6. Enforce adequate monitoring practices of POPS emissions and implement preventive measures to decrease unintentional POPs emissions. 7. Develop guidelines to determine the suspected contaminated sites 8. Inspect suspected past and present contaminated sites. 9. Introduce and adopt guidelines and standards for acceptable limits of POPs emissions in different environmental elements 10. Enhance efficient cooperation between stakeholders and concerned institutions, NGOs, local communities and researcn centers. to reduce or te emission from intentional production and use. 11. Prevention of illegal use and handling of DDT. 12. Establish monitoring programmes for POPs basod on Jordan's international commitments 13. Strengthen the envjmnmental inspection departments in the different competent authorities Jord■" Aot•o~ Pl■n for P!,rwwtent Organio Po0ulanta !POPI) 2006 - 2011 2011 1,250,000 l25 14. Production. import, and export, use, stockpiles, wastes of Annex A POPs pesticides (Annex A part r chemicals) 15. Define stockpiles of existing banned POPs pesticides 16. Label and repack of POPs pesticides stockpiles properly 17. Store and/or dispose of POPs peslicides stockpiles m an environmentally sound manner. Production, Import and Export, Use, Identification, Labeling, Removal, Storage and Disposal of PCBs and Equipment Containing PCBs (Annex A, Part II chemicals) 18. Conduct comprehensive field surveys in order to complete the PCBs inventories on the national level. 19. Develop guidelines for collection and safe disposal of contaminated oils and equipment. 20. Define, label, and store stockpiles of existing contaminated oils andeq~p~m ent 21 . Clean or replace contaminated equipment. 22. Dispose of PCBs stockpiles and/or contaminated equipment in an environmentally sound manner. J\Unlstry or tnruoomenl 'OPs NIP::1 2006 - 2011 2011 27,100,000 J 26. ::,...-,- JonSan MtiOfl Plan tor Pe'9ietent Orga"'o Polluuinta IPOl'a> :,try orl:nvironment 1 PsNIP 23. Define stockpiles of existing banned DDT 24. Label and repack of DDT stockpiles properly 25. Store and/or dispose of DDT stockpiles in an environmentally sound manner. 26. Control of solid waste open burning 27. Develop and enact proper procedures to collect and dispose medical waste in environmentally sound manner 28. Improve usage and/or disposal of sludge generated from wastewater plants. 29. Improve current disposal operations by adopting sanitary land filling of waste. 30. Study the feasibility of upgrading existing and/or constructing regional medical waste incinerators. Jordan Aot1on Plan for P!,ra11tent Organ10 Poltulante tP01'9) 2006 - 2011 2011 127 128 31 . Support the bazardous waste management project in Suwaqa, south of the capital city Amman 32. Enhance and support renewable energy projects, rationalize energy use and encourage production and use of clean fuels such as natural gas and bio-fucls. 33. Adoj)t acceptable international tj:andards and codes of practices in order to ensure safe storage of POPs stockpiles and waste 34. Apply best available technology and best environmental practices {BAT /BEP) in order to reduce and dispose waste in safe and environmental friendly manner. 35. Encourage participation of private sector in waste management. 36. Complete of the database on hot spots, stockpiles, waste and contaminated sites 2006-2011 J\Unlstry or tnruoomenl 'OPs NIP::1 2011 JonSan MtiOfl Plan tor Pe'9ietent Orga"'o Polluuinta IPOl'a> :,try orl:nvirooment 1 PsNIP 37. Develop and adopt measures to reduce releases of wasLe, stockpiles containing or contaminated with POPs, including PCBs compounds. Manage Stockpiles and Appropriate Measures for Handling and Disposal Articles in Use 38. Establish of procedures for handling, disposal of stockpiles, articles in use and waste. 39. Colllplete of database of hotspot and contaminated s ites. 40. Manage of waste in a:n Environmental sound manner Identification of Contaminated Sites (Annexes A, B and C chemicals) and Remediation in an Environmentally Sound Manner 41 . Conduct a thoroughly inventory of contaminated areas with an analysis of ecological risks and evaluate the need decontamination 42. "Establish a national centers for capacity building and technology transfer Jorda" Aot1on Plan tor Pi,matent Organio Po0ulanta tPOl'tl) 2006 - 2011 2011 4,100,000 19,500,000 129 43. Develop and upgrade proper labs for quantity analysis and providing existing analysis labs with advanced facilities to accurate data and accelerate analysis procedures, to internationally accredited 44. Remediation of POPs contaminated sites. Facilitating or Undertaking Information Exchange and Stakeholders Involvement. 45. Improve existing jnformation exchange mechanisms on national level 46. Develop new infonnation exchange mechanisms to fit the needs emerged from the progress of POPs related issues on national, regional and international levels. 47. Encourage, strengthen and maintain involvement of various stakeholders in POPs related issues. 48. Synergize different international agreements -related to chemical and POPs issues. Ministry or tnruooment 'OPs NIP::1 2006 - 2011 2011 750,000 JonSan MtiOfl Plan tor Pe,.ietent Orga"'o Polluuinta IPOl'a> :,try orl:nvironment 1 PsNIP 49. Enable an easy access of public to data and available information. 50. Ensure exchanging educational and public awareness tools related to POPs and their alternatives at national and international levels. 51. Develop and approve a national plan for protecting public health from impacts resulted from exposure to POPs 52. Set a strategy for raising awareness campaigns 53. Raise awareness for decision- makers on POPs related issues. 54. Make information on POPs available to the public through different media channels (TV, radio, press and printed materials). 55. Raise awareness on POPs related issues to public through different activities, focusing on specific target groups, such industrial and agricultural sectors, women and children, . .. etc. 56. Publish different guidelines on the impacts and hazards of POPs on health and environment for the different exposed larget groups. Jorda" Aot1on Plan tor Pi,matent Organ10 Poltulanta tPOl'tll 2006 - 2011 2011 131 1"32 57. Set a long-term plan to include POPs subjects in the programs of different educational stages. 58. Encourage postgraduate studies to conduct research in different POPs issues and provide the needed ftmds and facilities. 59. Assign responsibilities to different institutions to avoid overlapping and unrequited repetition. 60. Update inventories on current health, and environment hazards ofPOPs 61 . Analy-J.e samples taken from different POPs suspected sites 62. Establish a system for monitoring, evaluating and following up. 63. Develop centers for analysis of Dioxins and Furans. 64. Upgrade the facilities at the different institutions dealing with POPs analysis. 65. Work on accreditation of labs for certainPOPs analysis. Mlmstry or Environment POPI 2006 - 2011 2011 Jordan Action Plan ior P8reistanl Organio Pollutants IP0Pa, :,try orl:nvlronment 1 PsNIP 66. Develop of a system for safe storage for collection of POPs wastes. 67. Develop of POPs waste destruction and/or decontamination facilities. 69. Encourage research on POPs and their alternatives 70. Establish a National POPs Monitoring Committee for environmental monitoring of POPs, supervising research, d.evelopmenl, discussing results and suggesting ideas, by the Jordanjan government. 71. secure adequate tcchrucal and financial resources to establish and maintain the proposed permanent NIP unit Jorda" Aot1on Plan tor Pi,matent Organ10 Poltulanta tPOl'tll 2006 - 2011 2011 133 ·1"34 YEARS Action Plans 72. Form an expert committee to identify the country needs of laboratories and related technical facilities. These faciHties should be procured in earlier stages of the N1P project in the context of the Stockholm Convention on POPs. 73. Provide financial resources are needed for building the capacity of local specialists io PCDD/PCDF and other POPs subjects through appropriate training programs. Such programs can be implemented inside and outside the country in coordination with donors and the Stockholm Conventmn secretariat 74. Review and consider the previous PCDD/PCDF initiatives and projects when preparing future POPs related proposals. This will result in avoiding the duplication in work and decrease the cost of projecL implementation 75. Construct regiona1 medical waste incinerators. It is recommended to construct 3 incinerators in the north, middle and south regions rn the country 76. Secure the needed financial and technical support for cleaning up and remedjation measures that could be needed for lhe contaminated sitc.s 77. Enhance and support the renewable energy projects, I rationalizing the energy use and encouraging the production and the use of clean fuel. 2006- 2011 Ml4kb-)' or Environment POPI 2011 Budget USD Jordan Action Plan ior Paraiatant Organio Poliutantl IP0Pa, :,try orl:nvironment 1 PsNIP 78. Safe storage and destruct of DDT and Dieldrin stockpiles in both ministries (Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture) until such time that they disposed off properly with the assistance of the international institutions in accordance with the Basel Agreemenl 79. Develop a national program for control of vectors of human diseases that are bom by biological vectors, using the integrated Vector M,anagemeot (NM) technique, including provision of support to such programs as the alternative pesticides are coslly. Jordan Aot1on Plan for "'8ra11terrt Organio Pollutant• tPOPa) 2006 · 2011 2011 135