Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses (Structural Benchmark)

Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Structural Benchmark Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Ministry of Water and Irrigation August 2013 This doc and Acti 1. Nati 2. Wat 3. Act 4. Ene 5. Wat 6. Wat 7. Surf 8. Gro 9. Clim 10. Wat 11. Nati 12. Nati cument con ion plans a ional Water ter Sector C ion Plan to ergy Efficien ter Substitu ter Realloca face Water undwater S mate Policy ter Demand ional Frame ional Plan f nstitutes an nd should b r Strategy 2 Capital Inve o Reduce W ncy and Re ution and Re ation Policy Utilization Sustainabilit for a Resili d Managem ework for D for Operatio integral pa be read with 2016-2025. estment Pro Water Sect newable E e-Use Polic y. policy. ty Policy. ient Water ment Policy. Decentralize on and Main art with the f h them: ogram (201 tor Losses nergy in the cy. 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Jordan. ent. ater and Irrig es gation Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Table of Contents Introduction: ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Current Situation .................................................................................................................................... 5 Billed water quantities and Non‐Revenue Water (NRW) ................................................................... 5 Current water Tariff ............................................................................................................................ 6 Effect of Electricity Tariff Increase ...................................................................................................... 8 O&M Cost Recovery Current Situation and Business as Usual (BAU) projections ............................. 9 SYRIAN REFUGEE Effect .................................................................................................................... 10 Action Plan ............................................................................................................................................ 10 Effect of action plan on loss reduction ............................................................................................. 15 Risks and prerequisites ......................................................................................................................... 18 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 18 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................ 19 Annex (1) – Investment Plan ‐List of projects ................................................................................... 19 Annex (2) Cost of hosting Syrian Refugees on water sector of Jordan ............................................ 19 Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses List of Figures Figure 1 Total Billed Resources (MCM) ......................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2 NRW % reduction plan .................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 3 electricity bill (1000 JD) ................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 4 O & M Cost, Total Cost and Revenues of BAU Scenario ................................................................ 10 Figure 5 Effect of Action Plan on WAJ Revenues (1000 JD) ......................................................................... 14 Figure 6 Effect of Action Plan on WAJ Cost (O&M and total cost in 1000 JD) ............................................ 15 Figure 7 Action Plan effect on WAJ balance sheets (1000 JD) .................................................................... 16 Figure 8 Cost Recovery based on fixed electricity tariff of 76 fils/kw.hr ................................................... 17 List if Tables Table 1 Current Tariff for governorates operated by WAJ ........................................................................... 6 Table 2 Current Tariff for governorates operated by Companies (Miyahuna, YWC,AW) ........................... 7 Table 3 Non-Residential Tariff ..................................................................................................................... 7 Table 4 Current Tariff revenues ..................................................................................................................... 7 Table 5electricity tariff increases for water pumping ................................................................................... 8 Table 6 Planned Actions .............................................................................................................................. 12 Table 7 Results of WAJ plan (1000 JD)......................................................................................................... 15 Table 8 Cost Recovery based on fixed electricity tariff of 76 fils/kw.hr ...................................................... 17 Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Introduction: The current costs of providing water are growing and increasingly severe the burden on the nation’s finances. Budgetary outlays for the water sector resulted from increased costs caused by increased demand due to fluxes of refugees, electricity tariff increase, increased population, and the unwillingness to recover those costs from existing or new water users through tariff increases. With projected population growth, and with uncertain economic prospects in the region over the coming decade, the harsh fiscal climate in Jordan’s water sector will certainly get worse unless concrete actions are taken. The special geographical and hydro geological conditions in Jordan create an extremely difficult operating environment for provision of water supply and wastewater disposal services, like • Elevational differences of more than 1,000 meters between sources and consumers • Long transmission distances of more than 350 km • Treatment of marginal water sources Jordanians and the expatriates living in Jordan including the refugees enjoy subsidized water and wastewater services paid by the Jordanian tax payer. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) report estimated the Water companies’ losses to be 1% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In May 2013, The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has issued the May 2013 Report “IMF Country Report No. 13/130 Jordan: First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement, Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria, Modification of Performance Criteria, and Rephasing of Access—Staff Report; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Jordan.” The report indicated in the Policy Discussions that “the authorities will also start tackling the losses of the water companies”, it also identified “bringing the energy and water sectors back to cost recovery” as Structural benchmarks for 2013 which will be supporting the fiscal reform program objectives. The report mentioned that GoJ “will start tackling the losses of the water company. Annual losses could be about one percent of GDP, reflecting inefficiencies (in particular systems losses) as well as problems with revenue collection. MWI will finalize and announce to the public by October 2013 an action plan on how to reduce the company’s losses over the medium term (structural benchmark). This plan aims at identifying and planning the actions and activities needed to achieve the full cost recovery in the water sector, it will also serve satisfying and fulfilling the benchmark as mentioned in the IMF report as well as the milestone agreed upon with the United States of America (USA) government issuance of the Eurobond before end of September 2013. The plan is based upon the operation and maintenance (O&M) balance sheets for WAJ, The right for setting and changing water tariff in Jordan rests with the Cabinet of Ministers, where decisions are taken upon a recommendation of the Minster of Water & Irrigation based on WAJ Board of Directors recommendation. Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Current Situation Billed water quantities and Non‐Revenue Water (NRW) The main revenue steam to WAJ comes from water sales which depends on both quantity billed and tariff, Figure 1 below shows the Total water Billed in (MCM), it also project the billed quantities for the next 10 years based on planned projects and planned levels of Non‐Revenue water (NRW) reduction. The NRW reduction policy targets are shown in Figure 2 below. Figure 1 Total Billed Resources (MCM) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 20 05 20 07 20 09 20 11 20 13 20 15 20 17 20 19 20 21 20 23 Total Billed Resources (MCM) Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Figure 2 NRW % reduction plan Current water Tariff During 2010 MWI has analyzed the tariff structure and found that restructuring the tariff and changing the quarterly billing into monthly billing is a step in forward that will enhance the transparency. This new Tariff structure was implemented starting January 1st 2011 until April 1st 2012 where a Council of Ministers Decision varied both the repetition of billing from monthly back quarterly bills and increased the tariff index included in 2011 structure. Moreover the Decision also increased the Non-Residential customer’s tariff. Two different tariffs are in place: one for governorates operated by WAJ and another for governorates operated by Companies (Miyahuna, YWC, and AW). Table 1 and Table 2 below include the details of current tariff. Table 1 Current Tariff for governorates operated by WAJ Quarterly Block Unit Price (JD) (JD/ m3 of billed water) Comulative Fixed Charge (JD/Month) Adjustment Factor Wastewater Price Water price Total price 0-20 0.200 0.500 0.70 0.80 1.00 21--38 0.04 0.075 0.12 1.20 1.00 39--56 0.20 0.400 0.60 1.75 1.00 57--74 0.30 0.650 0.95 1.75 1.10 75--92 0.30 0.650 0.95 1.75 1.15 93--110 0.50 1.000 1.50 1.75 1.15 111--128 0.50 1.000 1.50 1.75 1.15 129--146 0.70 1.200 1.90 1.75 1.20 147--164 0.70 1.400 2.10 1.75 1.20 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% 50.0% 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 NRW % (4 % of previous Year down to 40 % then 3%) Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses 165--179 0.70 1.400 2.10 1.75 1.20 180 and above 0.70 1.400 2.10 1.75 1.20 Table 2 Current Tariff for governorates operated by Companies (Miyahuna, YWC,AW) Quarterly Block Unit Price (JD)- (JD/ m3 of billed water) Cumulative Fixed Charge (JD/Month) Adjustment Factor Wastewater Price Water price Total price 0-20 0.200 0.700 0.90 0.81 1.00 29--38 0.04 0.145 0.19 1.36 1.00 39--56 0.25 0.500 0.75 1.91 1.00 57--74 0.45 0.850 1.30 1.91 1.10 75--92 0.60 1.000 1.60 1.91 1.15 93--110 0.70 1.400 2.10 1.91 1.15 111--128 0.70 1.400 2.10 1.91 1.15 129--146 0.80 1.600 2.40 1.91 1.20 147--164 0.80 1.600 2.40 1.91 1.20 165--179 0.80 1.600 2.40 1.91 1.20 180 and above 0.80 1.600 2.40 1.91 1.20 Starting from April 2012 a new tariff for Non-residential consumers were adopted by the Council of Ministers, this tariff is a flat rate tariff see Table 3 below. Table 3 Non-Residential Tariff Consumption (m3/month) (JD/Billed water in m3) Fixed Charge (JD/Month Water Tariff Wastewater Tariff 0-2 1.3 0.70 2.0 3 and above 1.3 0.75 2.6 Revenues collected on 2012 based on billed quantity of water of 182MCM and the current tariff was 113.140 MJD from water sales and 43.691 MJD from Wastewater sales, which constitute an increase of 160% of the unit revenue of 2010. Table 4 Current Tariff revenues Criteria Unit Year 2010 2011 2012 Billed Qty (MCM) MCM 210 201 182 Water sales Revenues Thousand JD 92,792 112,618 113,141 Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Criteria Unit Year 2010 2011 2012 Wastewater sales Revenues Thousand JD 18,718 39,134 43,692 Total Billing Revenues Thousand JD 111,510 151,752 156,833 Average water sales Revenue /m3 JD/m3 0.442 0.560 0.620 Average wastewater sales Revenue /m3 JD/m3 0.089 0.195 0.240 Average billing revenue/m3 JD/m3 0.532 0.755 0.860 Effect of Electricity Tariff Increase As part of the reform program, the Government of Jordan announced a new electricity tariff reform in which the electricity tariff for water pumping has been increased by 316% between 2010 and 2017, see Table 5 and Figure 3 Below. The new tariff will negatively impact the water sector cost recovery and will increase the operation and maintenance deficit, the electricity bill will increase by 456% due to tariff increase and increased water quantities. Table 5electricity tariff increases for water pumping Date 1 Feb 2010 to 30 Jun 2011 1 Jul 2011 to 28 May 2012 29 May 2012 to 14 Aug 2013 15 Aug 2013 to 31 Dec 2013 1 Jan 2014 to 31 Dec 2014 1 Jan 2015 to 31 Dec 2015 1 Jan 2016 to 31 Dec 2016 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Fils / Kilo Wat . hr 42 54 66 76 87 100 115 133 % Increase 28.6% 22.2% 15.2% 14.5% 14.9% 15.0% 15.7% Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Figure 3 electricity bill (1000 JD) O&M Cost Recovery Current Situation and Business as Usual (BAU) projections Figure 4 below shows a sharp increase of O&M cost and total cost in the year 2013,2014 due to the Disi water cost, it worth mentioning that this cost includes the CAPEX cost as Disi water charges was calculated on the BOT basis. The costs in the curves were calculated using the newly announced electricity tariff. The graph shows that the deficit will start growing starting from year 2014. 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 20 05 20 07 20 09 20 11 20 13 20 15 20 17 20 19 20 21 20 23 Electricity Cost Base case Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Figure 4 O & M Cost, Total Cost and Revenues of BAU Scenario SYRIAN REFUGEE Effect The Syrian refugees enforced Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) to reinforce existing water supply systems to provide adequate water to refugees residing outside the camps (majority of refugees), Rehabilitation of wellfields to increase water production and Protection of water resources near camps (Za’atary) by construction of proper wastewater collection systems. MWI has prepared a report on hosting Syrian refugees cost on the water sector; the report shows that the Direct Short Term Cost for hosting 570,000 refugees is 128 Million JD/yr while the long-term indirect cost is 166 MJD (see Annex 2) Action Plan To achieve a full cost recovery, the water tariff to be charged would have to be beyond socially acceptable limits. The current spending on water and wastewater is already about 5% of the average monthly income. In addition, it should be noted that the most important external cost driving factor, which the water sector cannot influence, is energy if the approved changes in the electricity tariffs will come into effect. 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 Base Case (BAU) Revenues Base Case (BAU) O&M Cost Base Case Total Cost Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Non-revenue water is the second largest challenge to address, which is related to the nature of water scarcity and supply, i.e. high pumping lift, long pumping distance, direct pumping and marginal water quality which altogether translate into high cost and inefficiency. In particular the technical water losses being about 25% is related mainly to the age of the municipal networks and another 25% for administrative losses and illegal connections. Figure 4 contains as well projections under consideration of the present geopolitical developments, which again cannot be influenced by the water companies, but heavily affect their performance and might change within very short periods, the projected cost in the figure exclude the cost of increase Syrian refugees. Thus, the action plan is focusing on activities which can be influenced by the water sector companies, and will reduce the overall losses but cannot achieve full cost recovery due to the above mentioned challenges. Internal inefficiencies related to energy inputs for pumping water, non revenue water and revenue collection and the systems operation will be addressed, as well as the restructuring, replacement and rehabilitation of water supply systems to reduce water losses. The action plan covers a planning horizon of 12 years and focuses on: A) REVENUE IMPROVEMENT Increasing collection efficiency through performance based contracting, outsourcing and more Private Sector Participation (PSP), or any projects similar in nature and objectives. Reduction of accounts receivable and arrears. Initiation of programs to reduce Non-Revenue Water. Tariff adjustments to distribute burden to population in a socially acceptable way B) COST REDUCTION Increase energy efficiency in pumping operations despite new and additional expensive water supply projects and alternatives. Restructure / rehabilitate water supply systems to reduce physical losses and energy input System automation to optimize operation and personnel input Table 6 below details the activities of the action plan, while the effect of the Effect of Action Plan on WAJ Revenues is shown in Figure 5 below. Costs reduction effect of the action plan activities is shown in Figure 6 below. Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Table 6 Planned Actions Action Year of enforcement Details Average Revenues Increase/Costs Reduction (1000 JD) A) REVENUE IMPROVEMENT Increase Industrial Ground Water Charges Nov 2013 100% increase (From 0.25 to 0.50 JD/m3) 10,833 Improve collection efficiency through performance based contracting 2014 Internally delegated or externally tendered performance contracts ; 2 % improvement until 100% is reached 3,610 Reduce accounts receivable 2014 Analysis & taskforce action to collect unpaid bills 1,978 Reduce illegal consumption 2014 GIS analysis of customer data, taskforces to identify & charge customers, and new security measures 4,773 Increase sewerage connection ratio 2014 Identify & connect potential & illegal customers, added floors charge 3,425 Increase of WW tariff in Amman by 25% , and other Governorates by 15% 2014 25% of Current Amman WW Tariff 15% of other Governorate WW Tariff 5,790 Increase Water and Wastewater Connection Fees 2015 25 % Increase 4,849 Increase Industrial Ground Water Charges 2016 50% increase (From 0.5 to 0.75 JD/m3) 10,724 Increase Municipal Water Tariff 2015 10% increase 15,858 Increase Ground Water Irrigation Tariff in Highland 2017 Reduce free water from 150,000 m3/a to 75,000 m3/a 8,000 Increase of WW tariff in Amman by 25%, and other Governorates by 15% 2017 25% of Current Amman WW Tariff 15% of other Governorate WW Tariff 7,438 Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Action Year of enforcement Details Average Revenues Increase/Costs Reduction (1000 JD) Increase Municipal Water Tariff 2018 15% increase 34,814 Increase Groundwater Irrigation Tariff in Highland 2020 Setting free amount to Zero m3/a 8,000 Increase Water and Wastewater Connection Fees 2020 25 % increase 6,658 Increase Municipal Water Tariff 2020 15% increase 41,664 Selling As Samra Wastewater for Power Plants 2021 22.5 MCM at 0.45 JD/m3 10,125 Selling Water to Oil Shale 2017 5 MCM then increased to 15 MCM 2,500 Miscellaneous 2014 - 2021 Sludge utilization, water tankers, GIS Services, SCADA Services, etc 5,625 Total Yearly Average Revenue Increase by the end of Action Plan 197,365 B) COST REDUCTION Cost Savings Due to improved pumping efficiency 2016 Investment in Water pumping & restructuring networks to reduce operating pressure of 75 MJD 20,480 Reduction of technical water losses 2015 Investment in restructuring, replacement & rehabilitation of water networks 150 – 200 MJD 7,558 Automation of water system operations 2017 Expand SCADA system installation & operations data management to optimize operations, investment of 20 MCD 1,868 Introduction of Renewable Energy into Water 2020 20% of energy consumed is from renewable sources 42,400 Total Yearly Average Savings by the end of Action Plan 72,306 Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Action Year of enforcement Details Average Revenues Increase/Costs Reduction (1000 JD) GRAND TOTAL IMPROVEMENTS by the end of Action Plan 269,671 C) Annual additional cost related To Syrian Refugees Management contributing to low cost recovery MWI has prepared a report on hosting Syrian refugees cost on the water sector; the report shows that the number of Syrian refugees is 570,000 and the Direct Short Term Cost for hosting 570,000 refugees is 128 Million JD/yr 128,000 Excluding Externalities i.e groundwater pollution GRAND TOTAL Effect including Syrian Refugees 141,671 Figure 5 Effect of Action Plan on WAJ Revenues (1000 JD) 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 20 05 20 07 20 09 20 11 20 13 20 15 20 17 20 19 20 21 20 23 Base Case (BAU) Revenues Total Revenues with Action Plan Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Figure 6 Effect of Action Plan on WAJ Cost (O&M and total cost in 1000 JD) Effect of action plan on loss reduction As can be seen in Table 7 below, the enhancement made by the action plan will vanish by the increase of costs specially the energy cost and the expensive new resources. The table indicates that despite the 215% increase in revenues, the O & M cost will be raised from 68% to about 82% in the next 10 years, the overall cost recovery ratio also will be enhanced by 180% (from 36% to 65%). The O & M and overall Losses shall be covered by governmental subsidies; this should include debt repayment the figure below shows the effect of the Action Plan effect on WAJ balance sheets. See Table 7and Figure 7. Table 7 Results of WAJ plan (1000 JD) Indicator 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2023 Base Case (BAU) Revenues 180,294 230,418 247,231 284,108 302,030 342,043 348,553 Total Revenues with Action Plan 180,294 250,747 305,328 385,103 445,618 510,356 519,786 Base Case (BAU) O&M Cost 186,342 323,357 376,352 452,629 478,013 554,761 563,255 Total O & M cost with Action Plan 186,342 312,887 360,856 429,186 429,169 501,473 510,053 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 20 05 20 07 20 09 20 11 20 13 20 15 20 17 20 19 20 21 20 23 Base Case (BAU) O&M Cost Total O & M cost with Action Plan Base Case Total Cost Total cost with Action Plan Cost Reduction Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Indicator 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2023 Base Case Total Cost 304,986 453,283 518,645 608,479 648,726 741,770 758,992 Total cost with Action Plan Cost Reduction 304,986 442,814 503,150 585,036 599,883 688,482 705,790 Base case O & M Cost Recovery Ratio 97% 71% 66% 63% 63% 62% 62% Action Plan O & M Cost recovery 97% 80% 85% 90% 104% 102% 102% Total Cost Recovery Ratio 59% 57% 61% 66% 74% 74% 74% Net O&M Income with Action Plan -6,047 -62,140 -55,528 -44,082 16,449 8,883 9,734 Net Total Income -124,691 -192,066 -197,821 -199,933 -154,265 -178,126 -186,004 Government Subsidy needed 124,691 192,066 197,821 199,933 154,265 178,126 186,004 Payment of Accumulated Debt 844,000 Major contributor to the O&M cost is clearly the rise in electricity tariffs; if the 2010 electricity tariff can be kept, an O&M cost recovery of 100% is achievable. Figure 7 Action Plan effect on WAJ balance sheets (1000 JD) 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 20 05 20 07 20 09 20 11 20 13 20 15 20 17 20 19 20 21 20 23 Total Revenues with Action Plan Total O & M cost with Action Plan Total cost with Action Plan Cost Reduction Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses If the Government of Jordan selects to fix the electricity tariff as of 2013 rates then the water sector will have a better chance for recovering the O & M cost and part of the total cost. This scenario was analyzed as an option to include in this plan, the results of this option is shown on O & M and full/total cost recovery is shown in Table 8 below. Figure 8 Cost Recovery based on fixed electricity tariff of 76 fils/kw.hr below also shows the final action plan revenues, O & M costs and full/total costs of water and wastewater delivery in WAJ. Table 8 Cost Recovery based on fixed electricity tariff of 76 fils/kw.hr Indicator 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2023 Base case O & M Cost Recovery Ratio 97% 75% 76% 77% 77% 74% 74% Action Plan O & M Cost recovery 97% 84% 99% 112% 130% 126% 125% Total Cost Recovery Ratio 59% 59% 68% 77% 87% 86% 74% Figure 8 Cost Recovery based on fixed electricity tariff of 76 fils/kw.hr 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 20 05 20 07 20 09 20 11 20 13 20 15 20 17 20 19 20 21 20 23 Total Revenues with Action Plan Total O & M cost with Action Plan Total cost with Action Plan Cost Reduction Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Risks and prerequisites Major risks and prerequisites for achieving the planned targets are as follows: • Availability of required investments for the water sector as well as refugee support in a timely manner (investment volume 4.8 Billion JOD is needed in addition to about One Billion USD for the Red Dead Project/ first phase, see Annex 1) • No control on increases to electricity tariffs specially after 2017 where is is assumed that no increase will happen to water pumping electricity tariff • Implementation capacity of the water companies can afford implementing the plan • Political developments in the area affecting Jordan • Fixing the electricity tariff as in 2013 (76 fils/kwh) Conclusion In view of the above and in particular the electricity increase beyond 2013, it is clear that whatever the action plan measures provide in terms of cost reduction and revenues as a result of tariff increase it will be offset by the electricity increase in the following years i.e 2014,2015,2016 and 2017 which will make the losses of the water companies beyond repair and will affect their efficiency and the sustainability of the provided services. Therefore, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation will be only committed to the action plan under the condition of fixed electricity tariff rate (76 fills/kwh) for the Water Authority of Jordan as it is in the year 2013. Structural Benchmark/ Action Plan to Reduce Water Sector Losses Annexes Annex (1) – Investment Plan ‐List of projects Annex (2) Cost of hosting Syrian Refugees on water sector of Jordan Annex 1 Investment Plan -List of projects Policy No (1) Red Dead Sea Project (phase 1)--BOT 1,000,000 221,400 Desalination of 100 MCM of sea water Mukaibeh/Wadi Arab water treatment and convayence to Zabda/Irbid 60,000 46,300 Treat and Convey id25 MCM from Northern Jordan Valley to Irbid 0 Provide, install, and operate Sbeihi/Balqaa wells desalination plant 200 200 Improvement of Water Supply Construct 3 water reservoirs in Maan 400 0 Improvement of Water Supply and effective management of water resources 4" water line with a length of 8km from Jheir reservoir to Mansoura Shoubak 200 200 Improvement of Water Supply Supply and construction of Awajan/Zarka wells desalination plant 1000 1,000 Improvement of Water Supply Protection of Mujib pumping station 1100 1,100 Protect Mujib pumping station from floods to ensure work sustainability Studies to improve water quality of king Talal dam at Tilal Ad-Dahab 200 200 Ability to implement the project of King Talal dam water quality improvement as its quality suffer from a relative raise in its salinity which may impact its productivity Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Development and Obtaining new water resources Group (1) unfunded projects listed in MOPIC statement Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Transport Fifa and Khneizereh water to Potash and rehabilitation of Pressure Breaking tank of Al Karak conveyor 1270 1,270 Utilize extra water of Wadi Fifa and Khneizereh (around 1.2mm3) in winter through transporting it and selling it to Botash company as it is not utilized currently Operate, maintain, and desalinate saline water in middle ghors BOT 300 300 Improve the water quality of King Abdullah canal Lajjoun Dam 2800 2,800 Provide around (2)mm3 of water for ground recharge and irrigation Rehabilitation of the 14.5 km project 2000 2,000 Maintain sustainability and performance of irrigation networks in the 14.5 project, improve service provided to farmers, and reduce water loss Construct a pumping station and a conveyor from King Abdullah canal to Wadi Al Arab dam 2000 2,000 Benefit from the possible big amount of floods water in winter and save it in Wadi Al Arab dam to use for drinking and irrigation purposes when needed (1) Total 1,071,470 278,770 Construct wells to collect rain water 400 400 Provision of additional water resources through water harvesting Disi water conveyance/water procurements (cost available for 2013-2016) 400,000 310,000 Improve water supply through the partnership of the private sector (2) Total 400,400 310,400 (1)+(2) Total 1,471,870 589,170 Group (2) unfunded projects that are not listed with MOPIC statement Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Policy No (2) Rehabilitation of water networks and meters at Amman 30,000 30,000 Improve and rehabilitate the networks to receive water from Disi water in continuous supply conveyor line from Abu Alanda reservoir to Khaw(implementation 24,000 21,300 Improvement of Water Supply conveyor line from Khaw to Zaatari(implementation 29,000 23,800 Improvement of Water Supply construction of Deir Alla desalination plant 5,000 4,100 Improvement of Water Supply (1) Total 88,000 79,200 Conveyor line from Abu Alanda reservoir to Khaw(implementation) 320 320 Improvement of Water Supply Conveyor line from Khaw to Zaatari(Engineering services 1,500 1,500 Improvement of Water Supply Prepare and implement control plans and programs on water quality within Jordanian specifications and develop a Jordanian water quality according to the variants 1,500 300 Water supply for poverty pockects areas 5,000 5,000 improve water supply for poverished areas and improve living standards ,Raise efficiency of water supply and distribution for household , industrial Group (1) unfunded projects listed in MOPIC statement Group (2) unfunded projects not listed in MOPIC statement Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Improvement and raising efficiency of Mujib conveyor to Swaymeh and to Potash 4400 0 increase capacity and raise efficiency of conveyor line (Mujib and Zara/Maen) to increase water supply for drinking purposes (2) Total 12720 7120 (1)+(2) Total 100,720 86,320 Policy No (3) Karak wastewater networks package1 (no financing resource is available) 5,000 5,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Connect North Amman and West Zarqa to As Samra WWTP (Network) 170,000 17,800 Karak wastewater networks package 2 (no financing resource is available) 5,000 5,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Karak wastewater networks package 3 (no financing resource is available) 5,000 5,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Expansion of Jarash treatment plant (plant) 20,000 20,000 Raise efficiency of station and its capacity Bait Ras wastewater project 8,000 8,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Group (1) unfunded projectslisted in MOPIC statement Expansion of sewage services Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Wastewater of Irbid western villages (Kufr Yuba, Beit Yafa, and Jamha) 8,000 8,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Dleil,Khaldiyeh, Hallabat service (studies) 200 200 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Dleil,Khaldiyeh, Hallabat service (implementation) 20000 20,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Wastewater of west Salt vellages 16,000 15,600 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Provide new areas with wastewater services in Madaba 3,500 3,350 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Ain El Basha wastewater studies 1,000 1,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Serve miscelleneous areas in Balqaa 1,000 1,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Ma'an wastewater project 10,000 10,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Expansion and rehabilitation of Ein El Basha treatment plant 700 700 Raise capacity of the station Azraq wastewater project 30,000 30,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Northern and southern Ghors wastewater project 10,000 10,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Bab Amman miscellaneous wastewater project 12,000 12,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Wastewater conveyor from wadi mousa to Taibeh 1,500 1,500 Increase efficiency of Sewage network Provide Salem village with wastewater services 2,000 2,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Provide shafa badran area with wastewater services 2,000 2,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment El koura/Burqosh wastewater project 42,000 30,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Rehabilitation of force main (1200 diameter) from west Zarka to As-Samra 40,000 35,000 Increase efficiency of Sewage network Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Implement new 1500 diameter sayfon from Ain Ghazal to As Samra 40,000 35,000 Increase efficiency of Sewage network Rehabilitation existing wastewater pipeline inside Saqf Es seel culvert from Ras El-Ain to Ain Ghazal (DB) 30,000 25,000 Increase efficiency of Sewage network Reuse line of Mafraq treatment plant/Jordan obligation in the rehabilitation of Mafraq treatment plant 2,000 2,000 Find alternative treated water Construction and maintenance of sedimentation basins - Zai station 10,000 10,000 Increase the effeciency of treatment plant (areas related to companies owned by WAJ) Expansion and rehabilitation of treatment plants and lifting stations all over different areas of the kingdom 1,000 1,000 Increase capacity of treatment plants and efficiency of lefting stations Serve princess Haya area with wasterwater services 10,000 10,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Serve Al Sukhneh area with wasterwater services 25,000 25,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Serve miscelleneous areas of Zarka governorate 10,000 10,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Reuse line from southern Amman to Ghors 25,000 15,000 Secure treated water as alternative water resource and maintain the environment (1) Total 565,900 376,150 Group (2) unfunded projects and not listed MOPIC statement Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Miscellaneous (Khraibet Es-souq, Jawa, and Taibeh) project 2,000 2,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Wastewater studies for different parts of the kingdom 1,000 1,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Southern shouneh wastewater 12,600 500 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Expansion of Tafileh wastewater treatment plant implementation phase 25,000 25,000 Increase the effeciency and capacity of treatment plant Construction of new wastewater treatment plant in wadi zarka 100,000 20,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Construction new treated effleunt pipeline from Baqaa treatment plant 400 400 Raise efficiency of sewage network Southern Amman/Phase III studies (to serve the unserved areas in phase I and phase II) 300 300 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Ain Gazal treatment plant 2,000 2,000 Raise efficiency of Odor removal system and maintain the surrounding environment Mansheyh/Mafraq wastewater project 15,000 15,000 Increase Number of people connected to sewage networks and improvement of the surrounding environment Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Drying sludge in main plants in northern governorates 10,000 10,000 Protect environment and elimiate the operational burden on Akeedar landfill Convey South Amman WWTP Effluent to Jordan Valley 25,000 6,000 Reuse sludge in kingdom BOT 0 0 Protect Environment, decrease sludge transport costs, and eliminate the operating load on landfills in the Kingdom (2) Total 193,300 82,200 (1)+(2) total 759,200 458,350 Policy No.(4) Energy reduction project (Khaw old station) BOT 2,450 1,950 Improve efficiency of energy usage Operate, maintain, and desalinate saline water in middle ghors BOT 1200 900 Provision of additional water resources (1) Total 3,650 2,850 Establish and operate a company in Zarka through a management contract+completion of projects financed by MCC 15,000 15,000 Improve water supply and wastewater services, reduce the loss, and increase revenues (2) Total 15,000 15,000 (1)+(2) Total 18,650 17,850 Sector Total 2,350,440 1,151,690 Group (1) unfunded projects listed in MOPIC statement Decentralization and more involvement of the private sector Group (2) unfunded projects and not listed in MOPIC statement Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan/ Projects Without Funding Project Total cost Projected Expenditure for (2013-2016)years Results to be achieved Policy no.(1) Excavating and developing water resources National 400 400 secure new water resources and improve water supply Development and rehabilitation of water and chlorine plants National 270 270 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively Construction of reservoirs, pumping stations, and Transmission pipeline National 200 200 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively. Operate and prepare water resources National 200 200 secure new water resources and improve water supply Operate, maintain water desalination plants (BOT contracts) National 980 980 Improve management of water resources and raise efficiency of desalination plants Treat and desalinate water resources National 320 320 provide additional water amounts and improve water supply Rehabilitation of pumping stations in southern governorates Southern Governorates 400 400 reduce water loss and energy consumption, and improve water supply Rehabilitation of pumping stations in middle governorates Middle Governorates 400 400 reduce water loss and energy consumption, and improve water supply Excavate and prepare deep wells in different areas of the kingdom National 400 400 provide additional water amounts and improve water supply Desert wells water pumping (through wind and solar energy) National 200 200 provide water in desert areas through using alternative energy Water Purchasing from private wells National 12,000 12,000 provide additional water amounts and improve water supply Lifting and laydown wells National 350 350 sustain work of wells and raise its efficiency and save energy Rehabilitation of publc wells National 7,100 7,100 rehabiliation of public wells and improve productivity Disi water conveyor National 670,240 3,720 provide additional amounts of water for citizens (more than 100 mm3) Water aspects planning in land usage (BGR) North Jordan 1620 1,215 protect water resources from contamination Sharea water pumping station/Balqaa Balqaa Governorate 500 480 reduce water loss and energy consumption, and improve water supply Maintain and prepare lajjoun wells in Kara Karak Governorate 500 300 raise efficiency of wells productivity Operate, maintain, and desalinate Al Qineyeh -Um Rummaneh plant/Zarka Zarka Governorate 620 430 sustain station work and raise its efficiency Kraymeh desalination plant Irbid Governorate 560 2,240 improve the water situation in partnership with the private sector Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Development and obtaining new water resources Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Excavate and prepare kafrain wells in Balqaa Balqaa Governorate 500 500 improve watersupply Operation and maintenance of SCADA system in Hasa Tafileh Governorate 300 300 increase operation efficiency of water systems Replacement of lifting lines for wells 5, 9 in Zarka Zarka Governorate 300 300 raise efficiency of wells productivity Operation of the wells of the Guardian of the holly mosques Zarka Governorate 1000 1,000 improve water supply Study of Aqaba water desalination plant with a capacity of 70 mm3 annually -BOT Aqaba 2,000 2,000 provide additional amounts of water Disi water Ionic exchange treatment plant National 20000 20,000 improve quality of disi water Operation and maintenance of conveyor lines Madaba and Balqaa 4010 4,010 sustain operation of conveyor lines, and continue supplying Amman with drinking water Integrated development to develop wadi Araba Aqaba 12695 4868 Develop wadi Araba through constructing irrigation projects ,divding its area into agriculutral units and distributing it among farmers, support cooperative associations in the area, and establish a regional center for research and agricultural extension. Kufranjah dam Ajloun 25150 15823 Save around (6)mm 3 of water for drinking and irrigation purposes. Operate, maintain, and sustain dams National 7650 7650 Continue saving water in different dams effictively because it is considered as a main water resource in the kingdom. Operate, maintain, and sustain king Abdullah canal Irbid and Balqaa 21600 21600 Maintain King Abdullah canal and ensure continuity of its operation as needed, and ensure maintining its sorage capacity. Rehabilitation of pumping stations in northern and middle ghors Irbid and Balqaa 2500 2500 Rehabilitation of pumping stations to maintain their works King Abdullah Canal fencing Irbid and Balqaa 1150 1150 Fencing king Abdullah canal to: eleminate drowinings, to eleminate illegal abstraction of water , and to maintain quality of water in the canal. Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Construction of different ponds and excavations National 1400 1400 Enhance groundwater, provide a water resource in badia, and to serve its citizens specially ranchers. Zarka-As-Samra stream irrigation project Zarka Governorate 5400 5,400 Maximize benefit from the treated water effluent from As-Samra for irrigation purposes. Connect King Talal dam conveyor to agricultural units in Qarin area Irbid 500 500 Connect agricultural units in Qarin area to king talal dam conveyor instead of irrigating it from king Abdullah canal in the north to save fresh water for drinking purposes. Wadi Ibn Hammad dam Karak Governorate 30000 18,800 Save around (4)mm 3 for purposes of supplementary irrigation in southern ghors. Raising height of Wala dam Madaba 25000 11,150 Raise height of the dam to benefit from floods water that can't be coped through the current storage capacity. This will contribute to increase amounts of water available to leak from the dam, in addition to increase ground charge for Waleh and Heedan wells. Also, it will increase flow of springs below the dam in addition to protection from floods risks. Rehabilitation of the main gates, pumping stations, and irrigation networks- the 18km expansion project. Balqaa Governorate 11500 4,000 Maintain sustainability and performance of irrigation networks in the 18km expansion project and to improve level of service submitted. Al-Wadat dam Tafileh Governorate 5000 5,000 Save around 2.5 mm 3 of floods water to use it for irrigating lands located below the dam. Karak dam Karak Governorate 10200 10,200 Save around (2)mm 3 of water for irrigation purposes. Zarka-Maen dam Madaba 10500 10,500 Save around (2)mm 3 of water for rechanrge purposes. Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Telal Al Dhahab dam Balqaa Governorate 10000 6,000 Construct a cement dam with a capacity of 1.9mm3 for irrigation, industry, and ground recharge purposes. Connect ZCIII to the northern conveyor line of the treated water Irbid and Balqaa 4000 4,000 Utilize treated water in irrigation instead of fresh water and to save it for drinking purposes. Exploring deep groudwater layers studies Zarka Governorate 2900 1,350 provide additional water resources Remote sensing project related to the management of water sector National 1335 930 Improve capacity of workers in the water sector to achieve a sustainable management for water resources available. Water resources studies - miscellaneous (Water Forum, Memorandum of Understanding with the Public Security-the National project National 2000 1,200 Quality and quantity protection of water resource Water harvesting study Eastern Areas of Jordan 1000 600 find additional water resources Assessment and management of water resources study for Dead sea basin Karak Governorate 341 341 optimal and sustainable usage of groundwater resources Construct buildings and facilities for monitors National 250 170 improvement of infrastructure Excavate wells for controling groundwater basins National 860 400 obtain information on situation of groundwater Groundwater modeling studies National 1000 200 optimal and sustainable usage of groundwater resources Maintain and wash the water monitoring and control wells National 700 470 sustainablility of water monitoring network Rehabilitation of measurement stations and surface runoff National 190 80 obtain information of floods and constant flow to vallies Maintenance and rehabilitation of irrigation networks Irbid and Balqaa 1500 1500 improve efficiency of irrigation networks and reduce the loss Rehabilitation of Zarka Sukhneh stream basin/King Talal dam Zarka Governorate 4000 4000 maintain environment of Zarka stream Rehabilitation of southern ghors Karak Governorate 255 255 rehabilitation of irrigation networks and reducion of loss Zara-Maen water conveyance Balqaa Governorate 1500 1500 improve water supply and reduce the loss Improve water situation in Wadi Araba areas م Aqaba 300 300 Reduce water loss and improve water supply through the rehabilitation of networks and replacement of the damaged ones. Update SCADA system Aqaba 200 200 improve water supply and connect water resources to SCADA to increase networks efficiency Excavate wells in different areas to inhance water productivity Aqaba 500 500 find new water resources Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved operate and prepare new water resources Northern Governorates 2400 2400 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively treatment and desalination of water resources Northern Governorates 1200 1200 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively buying water from private wells Northern Governorates 560 560 provide additional amounts of water for citizens (1) Total Policy 932,606 208,412 Policy no (2) Emergencies and disasters cases National 6,000 4,000 addressing emrgencies and security of water Water loss reduction and services improvement in all governorates (settel disputes) National 8,577 0 improve water supply and reduce the loss Improve water networks in governorates National 10,500 10,500 improve water networks and reduce water loss House connections for southern and middle governorates Southern and Middle Governorates 6,000 4,000 expansion of water supply services Improve water systems in middle governorates Middle Governorates 3,200 3,200 improve water supply and reduce the loss Networks water loss control National 425 300 Reduce the network losses Operate and desalinate water of Karameh dam Balqaa Governorate 1755 2,000 provide additional amounts of water improve water systems in southern governorates Southern governorates 4100 4,100 improve water networks and reduce water loss Upgrading Rusaifeh water network - Phase I Zarka Governorate 7,000 2,000 improve water networks and reduce water loss Water loss reduction and water supply improvement in Gweireyyeh/Awajan/Bani Hashem villages Zarka Governorate 6822 6822 improve water networks and reduce water loss Zaatari/Hofa water transmission pipeline Northern Governorates 34,360 4,100 improve water supply Water loss reduction programm in Karak- Phase I Karak Governorate 37,333 11,250 Reduce the loss Water pipeline at Deir Alla- Kufranja Intersection Zarka Governorate 180 75 water delivery services Water projects in poverty pockets and projects for providing the Royal Makrama housing with water in Souf Balqaa Governorate 244 0 improve water networks and reduce water loss Rehabilitate water networks in Tafileh (implementation Jarash governorate 1,400 1,400 improve water supply to poverished areas and raise living level Rehabilitate water networks in Tafileh (implementation Tafileh Governorate 15000 7500 improve water supply and reduce the loss Reduce water loss in Balqaa and Madaba (implementation Balqaa and Madaba Governorate 12,580 12,800 Reduce the loss Raise efficiency of water supply and distribution systems for househod, industrial, commercial, and agricultural purposes Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Reduce water loss in Balqaa and Madaba (Engineering services Balqaa and Madaba Governorate 2,000 1,000 Reduce the loss Improve and replace water networks in Amman Amman Governorate 1,347 0 improve water supply and reduce the loss Upgrade Deir Alla water network (Engineering services) Balqaa Governorate 162 0 Reduce the loss Conveyor lines Um lulu/Jarash-Hofa/Ajloun Jarash and Ajloun Governorate 22,000 22780 improve water supply Energy Efficiency improvement JICA Zarka Governorate 11,200 7,900 rationalization of energy consumption Upgrade water networks of Deir Alla + Ain al Basha + Fuhais, and Mahis (implementation Balqaa Governorate 20,000 20,000 loss reduction House connection /Amman/ third and fourth phase (KFW and WAJ WAJ portion from Miyahuna) Amman Governorate 17,000 17,000 increase number of people served Water MCC projects Zarka Governorate 75,000 75,000 Management of MCC projects and supervising water and wastewater MCA projects Zarka Governorate 18,000 12,000 Water and Wastewater studies MCC Zarka Governorate 10,000 700 Rehabilitation of northern and middle ghors Irbid and Balqaa 3710 1,900 Improve irrigation networks in the area which will lead to reduce loss of irrigation water (raise efficiency of irrigation in northern and middle ghors) Rehabilitation of southern ghors irrigation project-Phase I Karak Governorate 5600 5,600 raise efficiency of irrigation to 87% and reduce water networks loss Rehabilitation of Husban Kafrain irrigation project-Phase I Balqaa Governorate 2600 2,600 raise efficiency of irrigation in Husban Rehabilitation of Husban Kafrain irrigation project-Phase II Balqaa Governorate 3100 3,100 rehabilitation of irrigation networks in Kafrain Rehabilitation of Husban Kafrain irrigation project - Phase III Balqaa Governorate 4100 4,100 Raise irrigation efficiency in areas benefited from the project. Protection of Zara pumping station Balqaa 500 500 Protect Zara pumping station from floods to ensure constant work Reduce water loss and energy consumption, improve water supply in Zarka governorate, replace old and secondary lines in water network, increase reservoirs storage capacity which will reduce water loss reduce water pumping cost Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Construct water networks at Quwereh Aqaba 300 300 increase number of people connected to water networks and improve water quality Maintenance of water plants Aqaba 400 400 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively and reduce energy loss Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Construction of new water reservoirs at Disi Aqaba 350 350 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively and reduce energy loss Construction of new water reservoirs Aqaba 400 400 improve water supply in the government Constructing miscellaneous water networks in Aqaba Aqaba 525 525 increase number of people connected to water networks and improve water quality Update pumping systems at water stations Aqaba 755 755 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively and reduce energy loss Enhance system of production and transport from Disi to Aqaba Aqaba 1,600 1,600 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively and reduce energy loss Maintenance of water wells Aqaba 400 400 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively and reduce energy loss Maintenance of the main supply network Aqaba 80 80 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively and reduce energy loss Maintain lifting and treatment plants Aqaba 600 600 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively and reduce energy loss Improve water networks at northern governorates Northern Governorates 7,000 7,000 Reduce water loss and improve water supply through rehabilitating networks and replacing the damaged ones. Construct reservoirs and water stations Northern Governorates 400 400 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively Conveyor lines all over northern sector Northern Governorates 2,500 2,500 improve water supply and manage water resources effectively House water connection Northern Governorates 1,000 1,000 increase number of people connected to water networks and improve water supply Water loss reduction in northern governorates Northern Governorates 7,690 7,690 Reduce water loss, improve water supply, and increase reservoirs storage capacity which lead to reduce water loss,decrease cost of water pumping , and increase per capita of water from 56 to 93 liter/individual/day Improve energy efficiency of pumping stations at northern governorates Northern Governorates 29,800 29,800 improve water supply, reduce water loss, and maintain energy Improve and rehabilitate Amman Balqaa and Madaba water networks for constant supply ,Amman, Balqaa and Madaba 39,620 39,620 improve water supply and reduce water losses Rehabilitation of Mafraq and Irbid network Northern Governorates 41180 26,180 improve water supply and reduce water losses Rehabilitation of Ajloun water networks Ajloun Governorate 18460 18,460 improve water supply and reduce water losses Rehabilitation of Jarash water network Jarash governorate 20590 20,590 improve water supply and reduce water losses Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Improve energy efficiency at pumping stations National 10000 10,000 reduce energy cost and improve the effeciency of water pumping stations Completion of Karak water network rehabilitation (remaind loss rehabilitation) Karak Governorate 12070 12,070 improve water supply and reduce the loss Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Total policy (2) 547,515 428,947 Policy no (3) Construct and maintain sedimentation and drying basins National 300 200 Raise efficiency of treatment plants Clean wastewater lines National 1,200 400 raise efficiency of wastewater networks Improve wastewater networks in southern governorates Southern governorates 1,950 1,950 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Improve wastewater networks in middle governorates Middle Governorates 2,500 2500 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Remove health hazards in southern and middle areas Middle and Southern Governorates 4,200 2,800 improve wastewater service and maintain Environment Rehabilitation of wastewater tretment plants National 300 200 Raise efficiency of treatment plants Western Jarash villages wastewater project Jarash governorate 6,275 4,000 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Greater Irbid/Wadi Shallaleh phase II wastewater Irbid Governorate 67,790 15500 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Wadi Shallaleh treatment plant contract 1 Irbid Governorate 42,551 13,351 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Southern Amman wastewater project -phase I (implementation of networks Amman Governorate 126,000 0 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Southern Amman wastewater project (implementation of networks Amman Governorate 33,000 33,000 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Southern Amman wastewater services-phase I (engineering service) Amman Governorate 2,000 1,200 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Southern Amman treatment plant (implementation of a plant+Engineering service) Amman Governorate 89,732 66,000 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Expansion of Karak treatment plant Karak Governorate 35,000 5,200 increase the efficiency and capacity of treatment plant Souf Wastewater conveyor and Qairawan networks Jarash governorate 4,000 35 improve networks efficiency Expansion of Wastewater services Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Kufranjah wastewater plant Ajloun Governorate 20,000 9400 increase the efficiency and capacity of treatment plant Kufranjah wastewater networks Ajloun Governorate 5,268 755 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Kufranjah wastewater (studies) Ajloun Governorate 3,290 1,000 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Expansion of Mafraq treatment plant Mafraq Governorate 20,000 10400 Raise efficiency and capacity of stations Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Mazar-Mu'tah-Adnaneyeh wastewater Karak Governorate 40,000 8,700 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Expansion of Lajjoun treatment plant Karak Governorate 5,000 1,300 Raise efficiency and capacity of stations Improve and transfer damaged wastewater lines in Amman Amman Governorate 36,000 2,760 raise networks efficiency Miscellaneous wastewater lines in Balqaa Blaqaa Governorate 1,500 0 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Miscellaneous wastewater lines in Madaba Madaba Goveronrate 850 450 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Small wastewater plants (Shoubak) Ma'an Governorate 413 0 Maintain Environment Small wastewater plants (northern shouneh) Irbid Governorate 9,667 0 Maintain Environment Connect Zarka public hospital to sewage Zarka Governorate 320 0 Maintain Environment Azraq wastewater project treatment plant and networks (engineering services) Zarka Governorate 322 0 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Karak treatment plant reuse line Zarka Governorate 1,000 1,000 provide alternative treated water Clean wastewater lines in Zarka Zarka Governorate 650 650 raise efficiency of wastewater networks Laying wastewater lines in Tafileh (cement) Zarka Governorate 800 300 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Construct a sedimentation basin in Madaba treatment plant Zarka Governorate 800 800 increase the effeciency of treatment plants Water &wastewater Infrastructure project study phase /expenditure conducted by the donor Jarash/Tafileh Ma'an/ Governorates 24,000 0 increase the efficiency of wastewater networks and treatment plants Naur wastewater project (networks+plants) Amman Governorate 59,000 26,165 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Rreplace Al haddadeh/Tafileh wastewater conveyor Tafileh Governorate 700 700 raise efficiency of wastewater networks Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Reuse treated water to irrigate northern ghors (formerly wadi darrabeh wastewater Northern Governorates 32000 28300 improve environmental situation and obtain treated water as alternative resources Wastewater projects (MCC) Zarka Governorate 36,000 32,000 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Expansion and improvement of Zarka lifting plants MCC Zarka Governorate 14,000 14,000 raise capacity and efficiency of lifting stations Expansion of As-Samra treatment plant MCC Zarka Governorate 66,234 54,000 raise capacity of stations and provide additional water for irrigation Rehabilitation of Al Alameyeh wastewater network Aqaba 40 40 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Miscellaneuos wastewater projects Aqaba 600 600 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Construction, maintenance ,and rehabilitation of manholes Aqaba 160 160 maintain sustainability and operation of wastewater networks Rehabilitation of dryness basens and establishment of intesifying unit Aqaba 250 250 raise efficiency of wastewater networks and sustainability Completion of sheibeh networks/phase I Aqaba 750 750 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Maintenance of sedimentation and drying basins Northern Governorates 160 160 increase amounts of treated water and use it for agriculture purposes. Raise efficiency of treatment plants Remove health hazards and serve the subscribers Northern Governorates 400 400 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Construction and improvement of wastewater networks Northern Governorates 3,700 3,700 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Irbid wastewater Irbid 3,200 3,200 , increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks , improve the surrounding environment and use treated wastewater for agriculutre purposes Sarou Jbarat-Jarash wastewater Jarash 800 800 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Ajloun wastewater Ajloun 800 800 increase number of people connected to wasetwater networks and improve the surrounding environment Raise efficiency of northern treatment plants Northern Governorates 2,000 2,000 improve water supply, reduce water loss, and maintain energy Management and drying sludge in wastewater tratment plant s National 23,000 22,500 protect Enviornmtnet and reduce costs of sludge transport Total policy (3) 830,472 374,376 Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Policy (4) As-Samra treatment plant (As-Samra wastewater treatment/Zarka Zarka Governorate 18,000 14,000 improve the environmental situation and obtain treated water as alternative resources Support PMU National 3,000 3,000 develop projects of partnership with the private sector and control companies performance Support directorate of operation and subscribers management National 7,150 900 improve water services and supply Service contract to support directorate of operation and subscribers in Karak Karak Governorate 2,100 1400 improve subscribers services and increase money collection service contract to support operation and subscribers directorate in Balqaa Balqaa Governorate 2,800 1784 improve subscribers services and increase money collection Management and operation contract of Maan wastewater and treament plant Ma'an Governorate 5,400 1600 improve management of wastewater treatment plants Management and operation contract of wadi mousa treatment plant Ma'an Governroate 4,100 4100 improve management of wastewater treatment plants Improve efficiency of energy usage KFW National 32,000 32,000 improve efficiency of energy usage and reduce expenditures System and Control of water sector utilities in the North SCADA Northern Governorates 12,000 12,000 raise operation efficiency Support Yarmouk Water Company Northern Governorates 20,000 16,000 improve water supply and wastewater services, reduce the loss, and increase returns Management contract of Yarmouk water company Northern Governorates 2,350 2,350 support Yarmouk water company Management contract of Zarka governorate Zarka Governorate 7,500 1900 improve water supply and wastewater services, reduce the loss, and increase returns Management and operation contract of Madaba water and wastewater networks Madaba Goveronrate 8000 1600 improve water supply and wastewater services, reduce the loss, and increase returns Water Users Assoctions Jordan Valley 2650 2,650 support water users associations and ensure sustainability of its work so as to transfer authority of distributing Irrigation water Automation of water monitoring network and monitoring of groundwater wells in parthership with the private secotr National 10000 8,160 Obtain accurate water information on time to make decision Prepare financial and legal agreement for Earth Water Global BOT West Jordan 1200 350 find alternative resources Water Demand Management National 2000 1,350 Raise efficiency of water usages Miyahuan projects Amman 80000 80,000 improve water supply and wastewater services, reduce the loss, and increase returns Total of policy (4) 220,250 105,144 Decentralization and more involvement of the private sector Ministry of Water and Irrigation Investment Plan Project Geographical Location Total Cost projected expenditure for (2013-2016) Results to be achieved Total for Sector 2,530,843 1,116,879 Annex 2 Cost of hosting Syrian Refugees on water sector of Jordan 1 Ministry of Water and Irrigation Cost of hosting Syrian Refugees on water sector of Jordan April, 2013 2 Contents WATER SECTOR IN JORDAN ............................................................................................................................ 4 SYRIAN REFUGEES .............................................................................................................................................. 6 SYRIANS SHELTERED IN CAMPS .............................................................................................................................. 7 THE ZA’ATRI CAMP ................................................................................................................................................. 7 1- WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................................... 8 2- WASTEWATER ................................................................................................................................................. 9 3- GROUND WATER ........................................................................................................................................... 10 4- GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY OF ZA’ATARI CAMP AREA: ...................................................................... 11 OTHER CAMPS ....................................................................................................................................................... 16 MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA GEOLOGY: ............................................................................ 16 MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES: ................................................. 17 MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA HYDROGEOLOGY: ................................................................ 17 IN COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE KINGDOM ............................................................................................................. 18 PLANNING FOR THE INCREASING NUMBER OF REFUGEES .............................................................. 18 POLUTION OF GROUND WATER AQUIFER ............................................................................................... 19 COST OF HOSTING SYRIAN REFUGEES/ WATER AND WASTEWATER SERVICES ...................... 19 DIRECT SHORT TERM COST (DSC) ....................................................................................................................... 19 Water and Wastewater Quantities ................................................................................................................... 19 Cost Components .............................................................................................................................................. 20 LONG TERM INDIRECT COST ................................................................................................................................. 21 GOJ REVENUES FROM HOSTING THE REFUGEES .................................................................................................... 23 3 List of Tables Table 1depth to water in monitoring wells ................................................................................................ 16 Table 2 Syrian refugees Water Consumption and wastewater generated ...................................................... 20 Table 3 Direct Short Term Cost of Hosting Syrian Refugees ...................................................................... 21 Table 4 Long Term indirect Cost of hosting Syrian refugees ...................................................................... 23 Table 5 Projects to support Jordan for Hosting Syrian Refugees ................................................................. 24 Table 6 Cost on Jordanian Governmnet from Syrian Rfugees (water and sanitation) ..................................... 26 List of Figures Figure 1 Water Security Index .................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2 Ground Water Basins and Sustainable Abstraction ......................................................................... 5 Figure 3 Utilization Index of Water Resources % (Used/Available) .............................................................. 5 Figure 4 Za'atari Camp............................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 5 Location of the Zatari camp ......................................................................................................... 8 Figure 6 Drilling rigs East of the Zatari camp ............................................................................................. 9 Figure 7 Zatari pumping wells to the West of the camp .............................................................................. 11 Figure 8 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY OF ZA’ATARI CAMP AREA .......................................... 12 Figure 9 map of Za'atary Camp Area ....................................................................................................... 13 Figure 10 Cross section (1) at Za'atary Camp Area ................................................................................... 13 Figure 11 Cross section (2) at Za'atary Camp Area .................................................................................... 13 Figure 12 Groundwater flows from SW to NE, faults with SE-NW direction ........................................ 14 Figure 13 ZA'TARI MONITORING AL3522 ........................................................................................... 15 Figure 14 Thaghrat Al-Jub well (Al3394) ................................................................................................. 15 Figure 15 MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA GEOLOGY ....................................... 17 Figure 16 MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA HYDROGEOLOGY ........................ 18 4 Cost of hosting Syrian Refugees Jordan’s water sector Water Sector in Jordan Jordan is considered to be one of the four poorest countries worldwide in water resources, available water resources per capita is very low at a level of 145 m3/capita/year far below the international recognized poverty line of 1000 m3/capita/year; competition between demands on limited fresh water quantities is ever increasing. The expanding population and the climatic and topographical conditions of the country have caused enormous pressure on the limited water resources and created a severe water supply-demand imbalance. Water scarcity is an important constraint to Jordan’s economic growth and development. Moreover, the Water Security Risk Index and map, developed by risk analysis and mapping firm Maplecroft, rated Jordan as the third country at ‘extreme risk’. This index and map identify the countries where water supply will be limited or interrupted in the future. Maplecroft calculates water security by measuring countries’ water stress; population rates; reliance on external water supplies; sustainability of water use; intensity of water use in the economy; government effectiveness; and virtual water use, which is a unique assessment of the water intensity of imported goods, such as food and oil (see Figure 1 below) . Figure 1 Water Security Index Source: Maplecroft Risk, responsibility and reputation; http://maplecroft.com/about/news/water security.html Jordan’s Water resources consist primarily of surface and groundwater. Groundwater resources are a main source of water in Jordan distributed to12 basins see Figure 2 below. It is 5 the only available water resource for some areas of Jordan. Most Jordanian renewable groundwater resources presently are exploited to more than their maximum capacity. Despite this limited availability, Jordan utilizes more than 100% of its renewable water resources, it exploit the groundwater resources of more than the recharge annual rates. See Figure 3 below. Figure 2 Ground Water Basins and Sustainable Abstraction Figure 3 Utilization Index of Water Resources % (Used/Available) 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 Utilization Index of Water Resources % (Used/Available) * * Groundwater Basin * * * * * * * * * * * 6 The main groundwater resource in northern of Jordan is the Amman-Zarqa basin, which provided water for irrigation and drinking and is already before the Syrian crises exceeding the recharge limit to the aquifer (184% is the abstraction from the safe yield 87.5 MCM). The Amman-Zarqa basin underlies a large area of Jordan’s northern governorates including the area where Za’atari refugee camp is situated. The depth to the groundwater varies within the camp between 100 to 200 meters and the site is part of the Jordanian eastern desert and composed shallow top soil followed by Basaltic and carbonate bedrock. Currently an assessment with the objective of mapping the vulnerability of the aquifer underlying the Za’atari camp is under completion. Most of the water uses in the highland areas are in the agriculture sector and according to a recent USAID study undertaken by the USAID/Jordan Institutional Support and Strengthening Program (ISSP) from 2011-2012 “Water Valuation Study”, which aimed to assess the value of water use in different economic sectors, with a particular focus on the agricultural sector to determine water’s value in producing different crops. It showed that the the value returned per unit of water is relatively high especially for winter vegetables which varies from less than one USD up to 10 USD. The trend in the last few years showed that the farmers both in the Jordan Valley and the Highlands started to shift toward high productive crops, which makes the value produced by one cubic meter of water averages to 4 JD/m3(6 USD). The other main user of water in the highlands area is the municipal sector, in 2011 the volume of water supplied via the water distribution network to whole Jordan reached 340 MCM out of which 70 MCM were supplied to the northern governorate (Yarmouk Water Company) to serve about 1.65 million inhabitants (255 thousand of subscribers), with about 80% Operation and Maintenece cost recovery ratio. In view of the increasing cost of supply water, there is a high level of Government subsidy to the water sector which reached 339 million $US in 2012. Treated wastewater is considered an essential element in the Kingdom's water strategy. The treated wastewater is vital to the water resources equation, as well as a challenge to the water quality and health issues arising. In northern of Jordan and especially close to the camps areas two main wastewater treatment plants are available; Al-Mafraq WWTP and Al-Akeider WWTP with 1800 m3/day and 4000 m3/day design flow respectively. BothWWTP’s utilize stabilization ponds techniques, Al –Mafraq is already exceeding its full capacity and Al-Akaidar is now operating at nearly full capacity. Syrian Refugees Since the beginning of the crisis in Syria in March 2011, the number of Syrian refugees who fled to Jordan till the end of 2012 exceeded 315 thousand out of which 65 thousands in the camps (MOPIC response plan Jan. 2013). The average number of Syrian refugees coming into Jordan at that time was slightly below 1000 refugees per day. However, during the beginning of this year the flow of refugees tripled to reach a daily average of around 3000 refugees. This makes the number to date 480,000 Syrian refugees out of which 125,000 in the camps. 7 According to the international agencies UNHCR and UNICEF The most likely scenario for Syrian refugees in Jordan is for 400,000 people in camps and 800,000 people in host communities by the end of 2013 (Annex 1: RRP5 Jordan chapter- WASH ). The rapid rise in the number of Syrian refugees caused a sever stress on public water supply systems, serving double more people in certain areas. In some locations, water availability is reaching such low levels that tensions between refugees and Jordanians are rising. Also the vast increase in Syrian refugees is exhausting traditional support systems. The number of refugees living in precarious conditions beyond the reach of support systems is increasing, with households creating their own private WASH facilities and buying water from the markets. This caused an increase almost the double in the prices of water sold from tankers. It is worth mentioning that another number of Syrians setteled in Jordan before the crisis, majority of those are labors who brought their families seeking safe living. The tribal relation between the people living on both sides of the borders has resulted in another no. of Syrians settled in Jordan estimated to be around 800,000. As a total, the estimated no. of Syrians setteled or sheltered in Jordan raises currenty to 1.2 million forming around 18% increase to the Jordanian population. Assessments in camps and host communities have shown that access to water is a key challenge for the refugees and is a source of tension with the host communities. The Syrians are living in Jordan in two separate categories; in camps and in local communities. SYRIANS SHELTERED IN CAMPS Over 70 per cent of Syrian refugees in Jordan live amongst host communities, with the rest accommodated in refugee camps “Za’atri camp” or transit sites Cyber City and King Abdullah Park. Other sites are also planned for camping Syrian refugees in Azraq (Al Mkhaizen) and Azraq (Mraijeb AlFhood). A special category of the Syrian refugees were sheltered in Mafraq Area (Mansheiat Al Elayan). The UN Agencies are taking the management role of the camps, specific functions are within the responsibility of the Govermnet of Jordan, the Ministry of Water and irrigation participate in the Joint WASH meetings. THE ZA’ATRI CAMP The Zatari camp was established in Mafraq governorate at the end of July 2012 with the objective to host the Syrians seeking refuge in Jordan due to the violence in their home country. See Figure 4 The population of Zatari camp till now is about 125,000 refugees. The Zat 11 km Univers shows th 1- W Until no the refu source; reservoi Yarmou The req tanks of water is content 4000-65 mention Based o about 50 6250 m tari camp is to the Eas sity. The Sy he location WATER SU ow, the cam ugees. Wate the filling s ir tanks in uk Water Co quired quan f different s s checked f should be 500 m3/day ned before. on THW in 0 L/day, bu 3/day woul s located in st from Al yrian border of Zatari ca PPLY mp administ er tankers fi stations are the camp. ompany. ntity of wat sizes discha for every si between 1 y. This num nformation, ut the availa d be needed Figur n the Mafraq Mafraq C r is found a amp. Figure 5 Lo tration depe ill the water found aroun Water tank er depends arge the load ingle tank i 1.7 mg/l. mbers is not the require able amount d for optima re 4 Za'atari q governora ity Center around 13 k cation of the ends on wa r from priv nd the camp kers also ta on the pop ded water to in order to The averag t fixed beca ed amount t for each p al water sup Camp ate in the n and around m to the No Zatari camp ater tankers vate water w p; the water ake their w pulation of o the camp insure that ge camp’s d ause of the of water fo erson is abo pply of 125, northern par d 8 km fro orth of the p to cover th wells beside r is transpor water from the camp. tanks. The t it is sterili daily consu changing c or each per out 37 L/da 000 people rt of Jordan om the Al camp site. F he water dem es the gover rted to speci the public Approxima chlorine co ized. The umption of camp popul rson in the ay. Hence, a . 8 n, around Albayet Figure 5 mand of rnmental ial water supplier ately, 90 ontent in chlorine water is lation as camp is a total of Recentl Compan the tank construc planned drilling Estimat evacuat 10.86 JD 2- W The wa distribu and are The sep and the respecti Pumpin method Al Akid in Al A loaded w On an a about 5 through yet). The was trucked only 13 disposed m³/d of consum y, the Min ny (YWC), kers by dr cted a pipe d to be the m operations ted cost w tion by de D /capita/m WASTEWAT astewater pr uted within t paved by so ptic tanks in other type ively. Recen ng-out of th to transpor der disposal Akider dispo wastewater average 6.3 0 litres per h a pipleine stewater dis wastewate 300 m³/d ar d of as sew f sewage mption increa nistry of W a public ow rilling two line to con main source near the cam ithin the r sludging tru month and 6. Figu TER roduced by the camp. O ome coarse n the camp a is for “grey ntly all of th he wastewat rt the sewag l. The drive osal to Zata there. “Bla 3 million lit person per from Za’at sposal incre r showed th re received wage efflue “disappeari ases and the Water and wned by Wa groundwat nnect the Ca e of the wate mp site. refugees ca ucks is abo 18 JD/capit ure 6 Drilling y the camp Originally th grains aggr are divided y” water. T he cess pits ter from th ge out of the ers of those ari camp m ck” and “gr tres of wate r day form tari pump st easingly dev hat: out of at Al Kede nt, 2,700 m ing” in the e incorrecte Irrigation ater Authori ter wells o amp to Zaa er for the ca amps for s out (17.4) J ta/month. g rigs East of inhabitant hese septic t regates; suc into two typ he dimensio were chang he septic tan e camp. The tankers sho management rey” wastew er is suppli different so tation (c) tw velops into a 4000 m³/d er plant. A m³/d should e camp. T d parcitices (MWI) in ity of Jordan of producti atari Pumpin amp in the n upplying w JD/Capita/m f the Zatari ca s is draine tanks were b ch design vi pes. The fir ons of the t ged to sealed nks by usin e tankers dis ould submit in order to waters are up ed to Zaata ources: (a) t wo wells in a critical iss of water tr ssuming 70 d be trucked Those figur s also increa Jordan an n (WAJ), ha vity around ng Station. near future. water by p month whic amp d to aroun built from c iolates the J rst type is fo two types a d steel tank ng truck tan spose the lo t invoices fo o prove tha ploaded by ari camp ev trucked fro side the cam sue, previou rucked into 0% of the w d out, resul res increasi ase. d Yarmouk as started to d 125 M3 The two w Figure 6 sh private tank ch is divide nd 280 sept concrete and Jordanian st or the “black are 15 m3 an s. nks is the c oaded waste orm the resp at they dispo separate tan very day, pr m private w mp (not ope us monitorin o the Zaatar water usual lting in abo ing rapidly 9 k Water o replace /hr. and wells are hows the kers and ed to; a tic tanks d blocks, tandards. k” water nd 4 m3 common ewater in ponsible osed the nkers. roviding wells (b) erational ng of the ry camp, lly to be out 1400 y as the 10 This camp has now 2,050 operational latrines, 1,034 showers and 733 water points. The toilets have the capacity to serve some 102,500 refugees at a 1:50 ratio. It needs to be mentioned, that MWI/WAJ/YWC besides Zaatary camp is at present heavily subsidizing a) The water supply to the refugee population living outside the camp by assuming the real cost of water produced (primarily through renting private wells) and distributed incl. losses will be 1.3 JOD/m³ (which will increase as soon as Disi water is supplied to the North) against an average revenue of 0.4 JOD/m³. With about 400,000 refugees living outside the camps, the subsidies amount to 400,000 x 25 m³/capita and year x 0.9 JOD subsidy = 9,000,000 JOD/a. b) The sewage disposal to Al Keder treatment plant (YWC receiving 20 JOD/truck and month, which is not even covering the operating cost of the plant) is subsidized; Municipality is charging 0.75 JOD/ton. Used water is discharged into two holding tanks, one for blackwater (from latrines) and one for the rest of the water (greywater). Since there are some problems with defecation in the showers, the greywater is for health reasons to be handled as blackwater but less concentrated. From the start the holding tanks were made of concrete blocks and not sealed so that some of the wastewater could seep out to the underlying aquifer and the risk of contamination. Tanks are now being exchanged to sealed steel tanks, still one for blackwater and one for greywater. The holding tanks are regularly evacuated by de-sludging trucks conveying the wastewater on average of 1000 m3 per day to the government wastewater treatment plant, Al Akeider situdated about 35 km north-west of the camp. The treatment plant is now operating at nearly full capacity (Design flow 4000m3/day). It was also found that the refugees dislike large communal WASH facilities. As a result, many households have created their own washing/bathing spaces and even toilets, resulting in thousands of soak pits throughout Zaatari camp. Which will cause serious hygiene and sanitation risks for the camp population and groundwater aquifer contamination (ACTED Study see Annex 2 ACTED Report Preliminary Report on Informal Grey and Black Water Systems in Zaatari Camp). The most sustainable option to manage the greywater and wastewater in the camp is to implement a proper sewage system within the camp and build a pipeline and connect al Za’atari camp to transfer the wastewater to the expanding WWTP in Mafraq. This needs an investment of around 8.2 Million US$ only for piping to Mafraq WWTP without considering the internal sewerage system within the camp and the treatment (Feasibility assessment by UNICEF; wastewater management at Al-Za’ataru refugee camp). 3- GROUND WATER The Za’atari camp is located on top of the Amman Zarqa basin, some of the Zatari water supply wells (No. 3, 4, 5, 6), are located to the West of the camp. The general direction of groundwater flow in the camp area is reported to be to the North-West, hence, there might be a possibility that a contamination of the groundwater caused in the area of the Zatari camp may affect the quality of the water which is pumped from those wells (Figure 7). This includes also the eventual infiltration of wastewater from septic tanks. However, to prove this a thorou an accur 4- G The dom basalt a be cons the rain term of ugh chemica rate map of GEOLOGY A minant outc and the soil sidered as o n water is a pollutants. al analysis o f groundwat Figure 7 AND HYDRO cropping roc that cover s ne aquifer b direct proc See Figure of water sam ter contour l 7 Zatari pump OGEOLOGY cks within t some parts because it i cess in that 8 below. mples on a l lines would ping wells to Y OF ZA’ATA the area ref of the area. is connected area, which longer time d be necessa the West of t ARI CAMP A fer to B2/A All of the d hydraulic h increasing e period wou ary to interp the camp AREA: 7 formation previous m cally; then, a g the sensit uld be need pret the find n, in additio mentioned la aquifer rech tivity of the 11 ded. Also ings. on to the ayers can harge by e area in 12 Figure 8 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY OF ZA’ATARI CAMP AREA Within this area the Groundwater flows from South West to North East, but there are some faults that have SE-NW direction as it shown in Figure 12 below. The geology of the Za’atary Camp area is described in the map and cross sections shown in Figure 9 to Figure 11 Study Area Area = 725 KM2 Figure Figure Figure 9 ma e 10 Cross se e 11 Cross sec ap of Za'atary ection (1) at Z ction (2) at Z y Camp Area Za'atary Cam Za'atary Cam a mp Area mp Area 13 14 More than 160 ground water wells are within the area shown in Figure 8 above (Study Area). The 5 km buffer area of the camp contains 42 wells used for agricultural and drinking purposes. Five monitoring wells are also used near the camp. The closest monitoring wells are Zatari well (AL3522), which is located 4 km to the north of the camp, and Thaghrat Al-Jub well (Al3394), which located 5 km to the east of the camp. Based on the data of those two wells, the dynamic groundwater level suffered fro a drop of 5-8 meter deeper during the last 10 years. Figure 13Figure 13 below shows ZA'TARI MONITORING well (AL3522) the Relationship between Depth to Daynamic Water Level (m) Versus Time, this well is located at the coordinates (E 270500 N 1185720), the total depth of the well (T.D) is 490 m, Elvevation is 660 m, the A4 layer starts at (top) at a depth of 350 m and continues to (bot) depth of 490 m, the well is in Amman Zarqa Basin-Northeastern Desert-Mafraq. Figure 14Figure 14 Thaghrat Al-Jub well (Al3394) also indicates the trend of the decreased water level over the past period starting from 1998 till 2012. Figure 12 Groundwater flows from SW to NE, faults with SE-NW direction 15 Figure 13 ZA'TARI MONITORING AL3522 5/15/2000, 187.52 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 0 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 0 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 0 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 0 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 1 3 /1 5 /2 0 0 1 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 1 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 1 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 1 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 2 3 /1 5 /2 0 0 2 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 2 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 2 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 2 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 2 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 3 3 /1 5 /2 0 0 3 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 3 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 3 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 3 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 3 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 4 3 /1 5 /2 0 0 4 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 4 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 4 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 4 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 4 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 5 3 /1 5 /2 0 0 5 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 5 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 5 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 5 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 5 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 6 3 /1 5 /2 0 0 6 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 6 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 6 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 6 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 6 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 7 3 /1 5 /2 0 0 7 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 7 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 7 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 7 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 7 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 8 3 /1 5 /2 0 0 8 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 8 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 8 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 8 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 8 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 9 3 /1 5 /2 0 0 9 5 /1 5 /2 0 0 9 7 /1 5 /2 0 0 9 9 /1 5 /2 0 0 9 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 0 9 1 /1 5 /2 0 1 0 3 /1 5 /2 0 1 0 5 /1 5 /2 0 1 0 7 /1 5 /2 0 1 0 9 /1 5 /2 0 1 0 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 1 0 1 /1 5 /2 0 1 1 3 /1 5 /2 0 1 1 5 /1 5 /2 0 1 1 7 /1 5 /2 0 1 1 9 /1 5 /2 0 1 1 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 1 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 1 2 3 /1 5 /2 0 1 2 5 /1 5 /2 0 1 2 7 /1 5 /2 0 1 2 9 /1 5 /2 0 1 2 1 1 /1 5 /2 0 1 2 D e p th to D a yn a m ic W a te r L e ve l (m ) Date ZA'TARI MONITORING AL3522 E 270500 N 1185720, T.D 490 m, Elv. 660 m, A4 top. 350 m bot. 490 m Relationship between Depth to Daynamic Water Level (m) Versus Date Amman Zarqa Basin-Northeastern Desert-Mafraq Figure 14 Thaghrat Al-Jub well (Al3394) 16 The data of the governmental wells shows that the depth of the groundwater in the area ranges between 100 and 200m from the surface and the productive unit is B2/A7, which can give 20 92m3/h. the depth of the wells in B2/A7 unit ranges between 300-400m. Table 1 below contains the depth to water in the monitoring wells. Table 1depth to water in monitoring wells Monitoring well name ID Northing Easting Depth to water in M Reading date THAGHRET AL JOB MONITORING 1 AL3394 1184790 265652 113.46 11-Oct-11 HUSAIN AIR FORCE BASE(BA'IJ) AL1521 1193480 270660 199.65 16-Nov-11 TW5 / W. ZA'TARI (PP 157) AL1040 1177834 271278 107.97 4-Oct-11 HUSSAYNIYAT OBS. 1 AL2697 1189940 275200 169.84 8-Jul-08 ZA'TARI MONITORING AL3522 1185720 270500 191.4 16-Nov-11 OTHER CAMPS There are other locations for camp sites which are not accommodated yet “Mreijeb Al-Fhoud” (accomofation up to 30,000 refugees) and “Olayan”. The Government of Jordan has identified a new location for setting up a new camp site for Syrians in Al-Azraq area “Azraq camp” (accomofation up to 60,000 refugees). Up until now the Za’atri Camp is in operation and soon will reach its maximum accommodation capacity. The planned new two camps Mreijeb Al-Fhoud and Azraq/Mkhazin located at Azraq area are lying on top of Azraq Aquifer.below is descriptive text of Mkhazin and Mreijeb Al-Fhoud camps geology and hydraulogy: MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA GEOLOGY: Sandy soil, which refers to the recent geological period, covers some parts of the area. B4/5 unit, which consists of limestone, chalky limestone and chert, outcrops appears within the area. The average thickness of this unit in the area is about 90m. B3 rocks, which consist of marl and marly limestone, are also outcropping there. The average thickness of the rocks of this unit is about 60m. B2/A7 Rocks are also appears within the area, it is about 280m thick. See Figure 15 17 Figure 15 MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA GEOLOGY MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES: Faults are the dominant type of geological structures appears within the area. Those faults appear as faults sets have NW-SE and NE-SW directions, in addition to small faults have different directions. MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA HYDROGEOLOGY: Basalt, B4/5 and B2/A7 units considers as the main aquifer in Azraq catchment area. The possible production amount of those units ranges between 30-100m3/h. Groundwater flows in different directions within Azraq catchment area, it mainly flows in NE-SW and SW-NE directions (passing by the suggested camp location) and NW-SE direction to drain in Azraq basin. See Figure 16 18 IN COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE KINGDOM Most of the Syrian refugees who entered the country were progressively sponsored in host communities, mainly in Al-Ramtha, Mafraq, Irbid (northern governorates) and to a lesser extent, in Zarqa, Amman and southern governorates. They benefit from a number of items and commodities subsidized by the government to ease the burden on lower income Jordanians. Among the subsidized items is water. In addition the expected 1.2 million Syrian refugees will certainly increase pressures on the environment and on the limited water resources, especially concerned about the risk of groundwater aquifers which are under severe pressure of over abstraction, exceeding the annual safe yield causing lowering on the ground water tables, deterioration in water quality and undesirable environmental impacts. Planning for the increasing number of Refugees Normally, different factors are considered while planning to host the refugees in new camp; this include security issues, availability of land, availability of service connection points, environmental aspects, economic and other factors. The capacity of each camp is determined through a political decision based on different reasons including the above. Figure 16 MREIJEB AL-FHOUD AND AZRAQ/MKHAZIN AREA HYDROGEOLOGY 19 Jordan started to receive increasing numbers of refugees during 2013, the Zataary camp is the biggest hosting more than 125 thousands, the government started to plan Mrajeeb Al Fhood and Azraq (Mkhazen) camps with capacities of around 50 thousands refugees each, if the rate of rfugees continue at a level of 2500 refugees aday this will mean that the new planned two camps will reach is capacity within 40 days. This indicates the urgent need to valuate the decision concerning the place and capacity of the new planned camps in Azraq area; this urgency is supported theaquifer pollution risk as indicated below. The choice available is to select less risky location for building the new camps. Polution of Ground Water Aquifer As a result of investigation and based on the geological charactaristics of the layers topping the ground water beneath the camps, it can be concluded that In Zatari camp area, according to the hydrogeological and hydrolic parameters, the pollutants are expected to reach the saturated zone in the worst case scenario within one year. Whereas, it may reach the saturated zone within ten years in the most optimistic case taking into consideration, continuous disposing of the liquid wastes from the camp to the wadi. To be noticed that infiltration speed usually increased significantly during the rainy season. Cost of hosting Syrian refugees/ Water and Wastewater services The cost implications on Jordan can be classified as Direct Short Term Cost (DSC) and long term indirect cost: DIRECT SHORT TERM COST (DSC) Delevering the Water and Wastewater services for the Syrian refugees implies both Operation and Maintenance cost and the Capital cost. The analysis below will be based on 480 thousands refugees and will be also calculated for 1.2 million refugees. Then the cost of hosting 1000 refugees will be estimated to guid budgeting for any future number of refugees that may be displaced to Jordan. Water and Wastewater Quantities • Water supply: due to water shortage, the average daily per capita supply in the northern governorates is about 120 liters (equivillant to 43.8 m3/year), the average physical losses percentage is 17% while the administrative part of the losses is 26% with an overall non revenue water of 43%. This means that the consumed amount of the supplied quantity is about 100 liters per capita / day (equivillant to36.9 m3/year). The billed amount is only 70 l/c/d (equivellant 25.6 m3/year). • Based on the above the Syrian refugees’ consumption will be as in Table 2 below. 20 Table 2 Syrian refugees Water Consumption and wastewater generated Daily rate (l/c/d) Quantity of 480 thousands refugees per year (MCM) Quantity of 1.2 million refugees per year (MCM) Water supplied 120 21.024 52.560 Water consumed 100 17.730 44.326 Water billed 70 12.264 30.660 Wastewater generated 78 13.666 34.164 Cost Components 1- Short Term Operation and maintenance (O&M) cost: The average O&M cost for the water utilities for delivering the water and waste water through the network is 0.85 JD/m3. The camps population are serviced through tankers with a cost an O&M cost of higher value. Refugees shelterd in Za’atary camp and Mansheyet Al-Olayan camp receive the services through tankers, the UNICEF is paying for Za’atary refugees party while the Government of Jordan (GOJ) is paying for Mansheyet Al-Olayan, Cyber City and King Abdullah Park. It is planned that UNICEF will pay for Azraq (Mkhaizen) while the GOJ with the UAE will pay for services in Mraijeb Al-Fhood. The cost of delivering water and wastewater services through tankers to Mansheyet Al-Olayan camp which shelters less than 10000 refugees is estimated to be 450 thousand JD for the year 2013. The overall average of the O&M cost for servicing all refugees is estimated to be 1.15 JD/m3 (0.72 JD for Water and 0.43 JD for Wastewater). The above cost does not include the electricity tarrif subsidy given to the MWI by GOJ where the MWI is paying 0.066 JD/KWhr while the actual cost of electricity is 0.2 JD/KWhr. This means that GOJ is paying a short term O&M cost of about (35) MUSD/year for hosting 480 thousands refugees while it pays around (87) MUSD per year for hosting 1.2 million refugees see Table 3 below . (1 USD is equivillant to 0.708 JD). 2- The overall Short Term Capital cost for delivering water and wastewater to customers in Jordan is estimated to be 9600 JD per Subscriber depreciated over 10 years, the average subscriber size is 5.5 persons, based on that the overall Short Term Capital cost is estimated to be 118 MUSD for hosting 480 K refugees and 295 MUSD for hosting 1.2 M refugees.See Table 3 below 3- The overall Short Term Direct cost aggregates to 153 MUSD for hosting 480 K refugees while it sums to 382 MUSD for 1.2 M refugees. See Table 3 Below. 21 Table 3 Direct Short Term Cost of Hosting Syrian Refugees Unit cost Per refugee per year For 480,000 refugees per year For 1,200,000 refugees per year Direct Short Term Cost DSC(1+2+3) 225.4 JD 108,171,901 JD 270,429,752 JD 1. Water Cost (a+b) 41,319,098 JD 103,297,745 JD a) Capital Cost (3000 JD/subscriber); depreciated over 10 years 54.5 JD 26,181,818 JD 65,454,545 JD b) Operation and Maitenance Cost 0.72 JD/m3 31.5 JD 15,137,280 JD 37,843,200 JD 2. Wastewater Cost (c+d) 63,699,203 JD 159,248,006 JD c) Capital Cost 6600 JD/subscriber); depreciated over 10 years 120 JD 57,600,000 JD 144,000,000 JD d) Operation and Maitenance Cost 0.43 JD/m3 12.7 JD 6,099,203 JD 15,248,006 JD e)Wastewater ratio 80% 29.6 m3 14,184,192 m3 35,460,480 m3 3.Cost due to Electricity Subsidy 0.15 JD/m3 6.57 JD 3,153,600 JD 7,884,000 JD LONG TERM INDIRECT COST 1- Environmental Cost due to overpumping of Ground Water The ground water is being over exploited to satify the demand and to gentle the demand supply gap, irrigation activities also consumes ground water. The overabstraction from the aquifers deteriorated the ground water quality and deepened the static and dynamic water level. Deterioration of groundwater quality is noticible interms of salinity, more concentration of different chemical substances including nitrogen and phosphorus. Some ground water needs treatment which cost on average about 0.55 JD per cubic meter. The cost of pumping also increased due to higher energy needs the additional cost implication for energy is estimated to be 0.15 JD/m3 Summing the above indicates that the overall environmental cost of utilizing one cubic meter is 0.7 JD, this adds about 21 MUSD to the cost of hosting 480 K refugees and about 50 MUSD for host 1.2 M refugees. 22 2- Loss of opportunity cost The water Valuation study (see above) showed that the the value returned per unit of water is relatively high especially for winter vegetables which varies from less than one USD up to 10 USD. The trend in the last few years showed that the farmers both in the Jordan Valley and the Highlands started to shift toward high productive crops, which makes the value produced by one cubic meter of water averages to 4 JD/m3(6 USD). Comparing this figure with the estimated cost of one cubic meter as calculated in the Red Sea Dead Sea Project that estimated the cost of one cubic meter delivered as bulk supply to entrance of Amman to be around 5 USD. This indicates that 6 dollars is a good estimate. The loss of opportunity cost for hosting 480 K refugees is 118.7 MUSD while its cost for 1.2 M refugees sums up to 297 MUSD. 3- Cost of Restoration of Ground water aquifers A long term plan for restoring the ground water aquifers shall be implemented in Jordan to sustain the main source of drinking water (ground water), the cost of the restoration activities is not included in this report. 4- Crisis Management cost Twenty percent cost is added to DSC to compensate for managing the Syrian refugees under the crisis as different decision for direct purchases and contracting increased the prices paid by MWI for delivering the services. This cost sums to 1.8 MUSD for 480K refugees and to 4.5 MUSD for 1.2 M refugees. The overall Long Term indirect Cost excluding the restoration cost sum up to 141.4 MUSD for 480 K refugees and 353 MUSD for 1.2 M refugees. See Table 4 below. 23 Table 4 Long Term indirect Cost of hosting Syrian refugees Unit cost Per refugee per year For 480,000 refugees per year For 1,200,000 refugees per year Total Long Term Indirect Costs (4+5+6) 208.6 JD 100,110,863 JD 250,277,157 JD 4. Environmental Cost due to overpumping of GW: Deterioration of GW quality (High salinity, and high cost for desalination. Lowering on the GW tables (High energy cost for pumping). 0.7 JD/m3 30.7 JD 14,716,800 JD 36,792,000 JD 5. Crisis management Cost (1.2% of DSC) 0.012 % 2.7 JD 1,298,063 JD 3,245,157 JD 6.Loss of Opportunity cost 4 JD/m3 175.2 JD 84,096,000 JD 210,240,000 JD GOJ REVENUES FROM HOSTING THE REFUGEES 1- GOJ generates a small amount of revenues from delivering the services to Syrian refugees hosted within the communities from paying the water bills, based on average consumption between 6-15 m3/month per subscriber (billed amount) the average revenue collected per cubic meter is 0.18 JD / m3. The estimated revenue totals to 3.1 MUSD and 7.8 MUSD for 480k and 1.2 M refugees. 2- Jordan also received support for hosting the Syrian refugees. Table 5 Projects to support Jordan for Hosting Syrian Refugees detail the support received by GOJ. 24 Table 5 Projects to support Jordan for Hosting Syrian Refugees Financer Project Name Objective of the Project Million $ USAID (through Complex Crisis fund) Community-Based Initiatives for Water Demand Management in Jordan Project (CBI-2). Note: The majority of the USAID grant of 20 MUSD is going into CBO support. Only 7.5 MUSD are invested in water supply infrastructure. Includes working with CBOs that already work with CBIWDM I as well as new CBOs that will be selected to work on this project. It also includes working with Yarmouk Water Company (YWC) to alleviate water scarcity by increasing volume of water to the service area. 20 KFW Enhancing water and wastewater supply systems Eliminate the impact of the Syrian refugees on the Jordanian communities 12 UNICEF Enhancing water supply capacity for Jordanian communities hosting Syrian families in Ramtha and Mafraq, Jordan; implemented by Mercy Corps Abu Basal Wells (capacity 50 & 70 m3/hr) and Pump Station Upgrade. Jaber Well (capacity 110 m3/hr) and Pump Station Upgrade. Rehabilitate water supply networks within Mafraq (Hay Al husseini and Al Dahiya Al Janoubyah). 1.8 Za’atari Water Supply Wells; implemented by Mercy Corps Two new wells are constructed in the vicinity of the Za’atari refugee camp with capacity 50 m3/hr each. 1.5 Connect Za’atari camp with water supply pipeline from Za’atari pump station; ; implemented by YWC Supply water to the camp with capacity of 50 m3/hr 0.39 Vulnerability study of the aquifer underlying the Za’atari camp To assess the potential of groundwater pollution from human activities in the camp 0.02 IRD Support of YWC by IRD (International relief and Development, Inc.), well rehabilitation and material supply 2 UNHCR & UNICEF Donation of 10 utility trucks -two sewage tankers two backhoe loader four water tanks two jetting units 1 THW Donation of water quality lab. 13 Boxes contains chemicals, reagent, and some field equipments. 0.06 ECHO & UNOCHA Enhance WASH activities within the camps; implemented through ACTED Water supply through private tankers. water quality monitoring. solid waste management. 0.7 Miscellane ous Provided to different international NGO’s Hygiene education within the camps around 0.5 TOTAL 40 25 The Table 6 below table represents the yearly cost on the Jordanian government from the burden of the Syrian refugees on water and sanitation services. It shows that the cost of hosting 1000 refugees will cost 425 thousands JOD equivillant to 598 thousands USD. This cost is distributed as Direct Short Term cost (DSC) of 225 thousands JD (316 thousands USD) and 209 thousands JD (294 K USD). 26 Table 6 Cost on Jordanian Governmnet from Syrian Rfugees (water and sanitation) Unit cost Per refugee per year For 480,000 refugees per year For 1,200,000 refugees per year Direct Short Term Cost DSC(1+2+3) 225.4 JD 108,171,901 JD 270,429,752 JD 1. Water Cost (a+b) 41,319,098 JD 103,297,745 JD a) Capital Cost (3000 JD/subscriber); depreciated over 10 years 54.5 JD 26,181,818 JD 65,454,545 JD b) Operation and Maitenance Cost 0.72 JD/m3 31.5 JD 15,137,280 JD 37,843,200 JD 2. Wastewater Cost (c+d) 63,699,203 JD 159,248,006 JD c) Capital Cost 6600 JD/subscriber); depreciated over 10 years 120 JD 57,600,000 JD 144,000,000 JD d) Operation and Maitenance Cost 0.43 JD/m3 12.7 JD 6,099,203 JD 15,248,006 JD e)Wastewater ratio 80% 29.6 m3 14,184,192 m3 35,460,480 m3 3.Cost due to Electricity Subsidy 0.15 JD/m3 6.57 JD 3,153,600 JD 7,884,000 JD Total Other Costs (4+5+6) 208.6 JD 100,110,863 JD 250,277,157 JD 27 Unit cost Per refugee per year For 480,000 refugees per year For 1,200,000 refugees per year 4. Environmental Cost due to overpumping of GW: 0.7 JD/m3 30.7 JD 14,716,800 JD 36,792,000 JD Deterioration of GW quality (High salinity, and high cost for desalination, PO4,NO3….etc). Lowering on the GW tables (High energy cost for pumping). 5. Crisis management Cost (1.2% of DSC) 0.012 % 2.7 JD 1,298,063 JD 3,245,157 JD 6.Loss of Opportunity cost 4 JD/m3 175.2 JD 84,096,000 JD 210,240,000 JD Revenue generated from Syrian refugees 0.18 JD/m3 4.60 JD 2,207,520 JD 5,518,800 JD Net Direct Cost on the government from syrian refugees 220.8 JD 105,964,381 JD 264,910,952 JD Net Total Long Term Indirect Cost on the government from syrian refugees 204.0 JD 97,903,343 JD 244,758,357 JD TOTAL COST 424.7 JD 203,867,724 JD 509,669,309 JD 28 Annex 1 RRP5 Regional Response Plan 5 - JORDAN CHAPTER Regional Response Plan 5 - JORDAN CHAPTER WASH Working Group Response Plan 1. Chair and Participating Agencies Lead Agency UNICEF Jordan Country Office Implementing Agencies Mercy Corps, UNOPS, THW, OXFAM GB, ACTED, Relief International, IRD, World Vision International, Handicap International, FPSC, JEN, UNICEF Working group objectives Objective 1: Ensure regular access for Syrian refugees living in camps to sufficient and safe drinking water; secure and clean sanitation and hygiene facilities which are culturally appropriate for both genders, giving consideration to those with special needs. Objective 2: Improve access to WASH services and facilities to vulnerable Syrians and urban and rural host communities. Objective 3: Rehabilitate and install gender appropriate water and sanitation facilities for boys and girls in schools, CFS and public places in camps and host communities. Objective 4: Establish and maintain effective mechanisms for WASH sector coordination at national and sub-national levels. Funds requested US$ 116,188,400 Contact Information Kitka Goyol – kgoyol@unicef.org 2. Achievements and Challenges so far During the first quarter of 2013, agencies supporting the Government of Jordan have supplied 174,000 Syrian refugees with water and 146,000 with sanitation. Collectively, the agencies supplied hygiene products (soap, baby lotion, diapers, shampoo, etc.) to 118,000 refugees and reached 88,000 with hygiene promotion messages. Nearly 11,000 refugee children received water supply and sanitation in their learning environment. Preparations have started for WASH facilities for 47,000 refugees in a new camp near Azraq. On an average 3.4 million litres of water is trucked to Zaatari camp every day, providing about 35 litres per person per day, including camp cleaning. This camp now has 2,050 operational latrines, 1,034 showers and 733 water points. The toilets have the capacity to serve some 102,500 refugees at a 1:50 ratio. The identification and profiling of refugees in urban and rural areas has been challenging, given the frequent movement of refugees. Agency assessments in camps and host communities provided information on the profile and needs of the refugees, producing WASH-related maps for planning and delivery of assistance. Persons with disabilities, reduced mobility, the elderly and other groups with special needs face physical barriers in accessing the WASH facilities. THW and OXFAM progressively improved the WASH facilties to include the equipment needed for people with disabilities, including ramps, larger toilets and shower stalls and fitting necessary equipment (western toilet, grab bars, shower benches). As the number of refugees rapidly increased, it became evident that the high costs of providing WASH infrastructure and services is not sustainable and drastic reductions in standards of infrastructure and services are needed if these operations are to continue for several months to come. Measures taken to reduce costs include: supplying only the most basic hygiene items, capping the volume of water supplied at 35 litres per person per day, reducing water waste, using simpler and lighter sanitation facilities, seeking to end the desludging of grey water from the camps, handing over WASH facility cleaning to user committees and halting the installation of hot water supply systems until next autumn. The WASH working group is also advocating with government to take on some of the WASH service provisioning in the camps. More permanent solutions for water supply and sanitation, both in camps and in host communities, require large, costly infrastructure projects, for which the WASH working group is advocating with donors and government. 29 It was also found that the refugees dislike large communal WASH facilities. As a result, many households have created their own washing/bathing spaces and even toilets, resulting in thousands of soak pits throughout Zaatari camp. This has caused concern about the risk of diseases spreading in the camp. The Ministry of Water and Irrigation is also worried about the risk of ground water contamination. However, the geology of the area and the very deep water table limit such risks to a large degree. OXFAM successfully introduced light portable toilets, allowing expensive rented toilets to be phased out. OXFAM and ACTED developed strong relationships with community and street leaders in Zaatari. In some areas of this camp, JEN has formed WASH committees, consisting of motivated refugees, street leaders and refugees with relevant technical knowledge. These committees discuss water and sanitation related problems and take actions for improvements. In the absence of active policing in Zaatari camp, theft and vandalism of the WASH facilities has caused losses of nearly one million US$. While the formation of WASH committees has raised the level of ownership, even committee members are helpless in the face of threats of violence from thieves. The lack of security has also prevented the planned installation of solar panels and lights in the WASH facilities, which would have made these safer for women and girls to use these units at night. The lessons learned in Zaatari camp have been used in designing the WASH services for the new camp in Azraq. The rapid rise in the number of Syrian refugees outpaced funding availability. Moreover, during the first quarter of 2013, only about half of the Jordan WASH component of RRP4 was funded (UNHCR to confirm). This has created serious financial constraints, especially for UNICEF which is leading the provision of WASH services in Zaateri, KAP and CC camps. With the support agencies strained to provide WASH services to refugees in camps, those in host communities have received very limited assistance. Indications are that public water supply systems are under severe stress, serving up to 50 per cent more people in certain areas. In some locations, water availability is reaching such low levels that tensions between refugees and Jordanians are rising. There is also anecdotal evidence that the vast increase in Syrian refugees is exhausting traditional support systems. The number of refugees living in precarious conditions beyond the reach of support systems is increasing, with households creating their own private WASH facilities and buying water from the markets. 3. Needs and Response Strategy for January-December 2013 The most likely scenario for Syrian refugees in Jordan is for 400,000 people in camps and 800,000 people in host communities by the end of 2013. Such a rapid increase in the number of refugees threatens to overwhelm the capacity of government, its support agencies and local charities to meet the basic needs of the refugees, including water, sanitation and hygiene. Assessments in camps and host communities have shown that access to water is a key challenge for the refugees and is a source of tension with the host communities. The support agencies plan to prioritize the WASH needs of the 400,000 refugees in camps, whose survival depends on the continued supply of water, sanitation and hygiene. Agencies also plan to support 250,000 refugees in host communities with improved water supply and the promotion of hygiene and water conservation. Priority will go to households living in temporary settlements, women-headed households, and households with disabled persons. Improving the water supply infrastructure for host communities with the largest concentrations of refugees will be another priority, critical to reduce tensions over water availability especially during the summer months. Schools in camps will be provided with WASH services, while schools with 135,000 refugee children will have improved WASH infrastructure in their learning environment. The agencies have adopted the following four objectives for their response, till end-2013: 1. Ensure regular access for Syrian refugees living in camps to sufficient and safe drinking water; secure and clean sanitation and hygiene facilities which are culturally appropriate for both genders and accessible for people with special needs. 2. Improve access to WASH services and facilities to vulnerable Syrians and urban and rural host communities. 3. Rehabilitate and install gender appropriate water and sanitation facilities for boys and girls in schools, CFS and public places in camps and host communities. 4. Establish and maintain effective mechanisms for WASH sector coordination at national and sub-national levels. The expected 1.2 million Syrian refugees will inevitably increase pressures on the environment. The government of Jordan is especially concerned about the risk of contamination of the critical fresh water aquifers underlying much of the country. The current practice of desludging all black and grey water from refugee camps to waste water treatment facilities is becoming unaffordable and the use of soakpits will be inevitable, as the number of refugees continues to rise and limited funding. Other environment-friendly approaches to the management of waste water and solid waste, especially in camps, will be applied. 30 Concern over sustainability and limited funding will require that per capita costs are lowered as more refugees arrive and existing numbers need continuous services. To reduce costs, refugees will have to contribute to the construction of their own toilets and bathing spaces. Using simpler, more culturaly appropriate, toilet designs serving fewer households, should increase ownership and enable refugees to keep their toilets clean and working. For refugees in camps, the cost of WASH services will not exceed US$ 10 per refugee per month, while the cost of providing the basic WASH infrastructure in new camps will be managed within US$ 100 per refugee. Agencies will focus their support on refugees with the least resources: those in camps and the most vulnerable among the refugees in host communities. Water supply will be a challenge in the coming summer months and water saving and re-use practices will be emphasized. Agencies will monitor the effectiveness of services reaching the poorest and least-resourceful and meeting the needs of women and girls equal to men and boys, and ensure activities are adjusted to those with special needs. The needs of the many disabled will receive special attention, with flexible services. The Government of Jordan is shouldering most of the financial burden for providing water supply and sanitation services to the refugees in host communities. Some of the routine WASH services in Zaatari camp, including solid waste removal and desludging, can be transferred from UNICEF to UNHCR. Key activities in descending order of priority include: • Provision of basic water supply and sanitation for refugees in camps • Provision of basic water supply and sanitation for vulnerable refugees in host communities • Focus group discussions to record inequities in service delivery, especially in terms of gender, age, physical ability and coping capacity. • Organising refugees in camps to manage their WASH facilities well. • Promotion of hygiene and water conservation among refugees in camps and vulnerable refugees in host communities, including the provision of soap and the most basic of hygiene items. • Provision of basic WASH facilities and services in schools, child-friendly spaces, mosques and health facitilies. • Management of the solid waste in camps. • Improvements in water supply infrastructure in communities with the largest concentrations of refugees • Contruction or improvements of sewerage systems for camps and host communities. • Improve the coordination among government and external support agencies to ensure that the most critical needs are met first, to avoid duplication and to optimize the use of local and donor funding. 31 4. Monitoring and Accountability Framework Indicator (or outputs if not available) Achievements (1 Jan – 31 March 2013) Target 2013 Responsible Agencies Activties Objective 1: Ensure regular access for Syrian refugees living in camps to sufficient and safe drinking water; secure and clean sanitation and hygiene facilities which are culturally appropriate for both genders and accessible for people with special needs. Number of people provided with safe access to sufficient water for drinking and domestic use About 100,000 refugees in Zaatari, KAP and CC camps. 400,000 Syrian refugees Handicapped International, Mercy Corps, OXFAM GB, ACTED, IRD, World Vision International, THW, UNICEF • Provide technical advice to implementing WASH agencies to improve access for persons with disabilities. • Provide critical accessibility modifications at camp level. • Drill borewells and construct pumping stations. • Install water tanks/bladders and public collection points, with immediate and medium term solutions. • Water trucking. • Create/increase camp water storage. • Facilite the sale of water by private suppliers. • Water chlorination and testing of water quality. • Collect data and map refugee populations WASH facilities and needs. • Formation of WASH committees representing the refugees. Number of people provided with safe access to appropriately designed toilets (based on a ratio of 1 toilet for 50 persons or better) About 100,000 refugees in Zaatari, KAP and CC camps. 400,000 Syrian refugees UNOPS, Mercy Corps, OXFAM GB, ACTED, Relief International, IRD, JEN, UNICEF • Involve refugees in building their toilets, bathing and laundry areas. • Install public latrines in camp market areas. • Provide temporary light latrines, for the first phase/emergency sanitation in new camps. • Construct washing facilities for women. • Sensitize refugees on the proper use and maintenance of sanitation facilities. • Desludge black water from toilet pits. • Provide sewage trucks and equipment. • Employ cash for work labor for camp cleaning. • Ensure public toilets are fit to use for disabled people. 32 • Construct waste water treatment plants. Number of people provided with benefitting from solid waste management About 100,000 refugees in Zaatari, KAP and CC camps. 335,000 Syrian refugees ACTED, World Vision International, , UNICEF • Provide garbage containers at street and household level. • Collect and remove solid waste, disaggregate as far as possible. Number of new arrivals provided with a WASH family kit About 100,000 refugees in Zaatari, KAP and CC camps. 400,000 Syrian refugee families UNOPS, Relief International, World Vision International, , UNICEF • Provide WASH kits for families, along with information on the use and care of the items in the kit. Number of people provided with soap. About 100,000 refugees in Zaatari, KAP and CC camps. 365,000 Syrian refugees Relief International, World Vision International, ACTED, UNICEF • Distribute soap to new arrivals and on-going soap distribution during hygiene promotion activities. • Provide public handwashing facilities in market areas. Number of people participating in hygiene promotion activities. About 78,000 refugees in Zaatari, KAP and CC camps. 400,000 Syrian refugee women, girls, men, boys ACTED, Relief International, World Vision International, JEN, UNICEF • Promote hygiene and water conservation. • Empower communities to use and maintain WASH facilities. • Raise awareness of WASH related public health risks. Objective 2: Improve access to WASH services and facilities to vulnerable Syrians and urban and rural host communities. Number of people benefitting from improved water supply for drinking and domestic use About 74,000 refugees in host communities 250,000 Syrian refugees Mercy Corps, OXFAM GB, ACTED, IRD, World Vision International, Relief International, UNICEF • Drill new wells and rehabilitate existing water wells. • Improve water supply networks, to increase carrying capacity and reduce leakages and waste. • Upgrade pumping stations and storage facilities and networks. • Increase water storage capacity. • Improve household water supply and small water networks. • Distribute household water filters. Number of people benefitting from improved sanitation About 46,000 refugees in host communities. 100,000 Syrian refugees ACTED, Relief International, IRD, UNICEF • Improve/rehabilitate sewerage infrastructure. • Provide households with toilet construction materials. • Provide host and refugee communities with hand washing facilities. 33 • Rehabilitate and improve waste water treatment plants. • Increase municipal capacities to manage sewage. Number of people provided with hygiene items About 18,000 refugees in host communities. 168,000 Syrian refugees OXFAM GB, Relief International, World Vision International, ACTED, UNICEF • Distribute hygiene kits, soap and other essential hygiene items, along with information on the use and care of the items in the kit. Number of people participating in hygiene promotion and water conservation activities About 10,000 refugees in host communities 250,000 Syrian refugees FPSC, OXFAM GB, Relief International, ACTED, JEN, UNICEF • Build capacity for hygiene promotion. • Promote hygiene and water conservation. • Produce and use hygiene promotion materials. • Obtain community feedback and establish/maintain monitoring mechanisms. Objective 3: Rehabilitate and install gender appropriate water and sanitation facilities for boys and girls in schools, CFS and in public places in camp and host communities. Number of Syrian students benefitting from improved water, sanitation facilities in their learning environment About 5,000 students. 135,000 Syrian refugee children Mercy Corps, Relief International, World Vision International , ACTED, JEN, THW, UNICEF • Build or refurbish WASH facilities in schools and other public places. • Distribute soap in schools. • Involve school management in the improvement of WASH facilities. Number of Syrian students reached with hygiene messages About 5,000 students. 158,000 Syrian refugee children Relief International, ACTED, JEN, UNICEF • Promote hygiene through sanitation committees. • Organise awareness raising campaigns on responsible water usage in schools and surrounding communities. • Run teacher hygiene education training. • Establish school hygiene clubs. • Distribute hygiene promotion materials. Objective 4: Establish and maintain effective mechanisms for WASH sector coordination at national and sub-national levels. # of WASH working group meetings held 4 meetings held. 12 meetings UNICEF • Organise and facilitate effective monthly group coordination meetings. • Form relevant working groups to resolve emerge=ing issues. • Develop an effective information management system along with key tools including 4Ws and capacity maps. Availability of WASH standards and guidelines Availble in draft form Finalised UNICEF 34 WASH participation in sub national level coordination mechanisms nil 20 meetings Assigned agency • Ensure WASH is represented in sub-national coordination meeting. 5. Revised Financial Requirements (January-December 2013) Appealing agency Initial financial requirement (RRP4) Revised financial requirements in USD List of projects and main activities TOTAL 116,188,400 35 Financial requirements by objective Objectives Estimated financial requirements US$ 1: Ensure regular access for Syrian refugees living in camps to sufficient and safe drinking water; secure and clean sanitation and hygiene facilities which are culturally appropriate for both genders, giving consideration to those with special needs. 87,797,000 2: Improve access to WASH services and facilities to vulnerable Syrians and urban and rural host communities. 22,868,000 3: Rehabilitate and install gender appropriate water and sanitation facilities for boys and girls in schools, CFS and in public places in camp and host communities. 5,511,000 4: Establish and maintain effective mechanisms for WASH sector coordination at national and sub-national levels. 12,400 TOTAL: 116,188,400 36 Financial requirements by agency Agency Estimated financial requirements US$ UNICEF 54,564,400 FPSC 45,000 World Vision International 4,500,000 IRD 3,900,000 Relief International 3,500,000 Mercy Corps 9,630,000 ACTED 26,059,000 UNOPS 4,000,000 OXFAM GB 7,000,000 Handicap International 200,000 THW 1,800,000 JEN 990,000 TOTAL: 116,188,400 37 Annex 2 ACTED Report Preliminary Report on Informal Grey and Black Water Systems in Zaatari Camp Preliminary Report on Informal Grey and Black Water Systems in Zaatari Camp 25th February 2012 There is an increasing trend in the establishment of private bathing, cooking and toilet facilities in tents and caravans in Zaatari camp, particularly in the old camp area, resulting in serious hygiene and sanitation risks for the camp population. The onset of warmer temperatures and major rain events will exacerbate the situation. This preliminary report outlines the extent of and reasons for the issue, the risks, and response options that are currently being discussed. Photographs illustrating the practices are included in Appendix 1. 1. Outline of the problem Informal grey and black water systems are being constructed by communities in Zaatari camp to support the establishment of private bathing, cooking, and toilet facilities in tents and caravans (see A. in Appendix 1). The water systems constructed usually comprise dug trenches/canals along with deep holes acting as seep away pits, and are becoming more complex, with the use of oil drums to form pits, use of piping, and, most recently, use of buckets as make-shift sceptic tank systems. The practice is most widespread in the old camp, as digging is much easier where base course has not been laid, but is also emerging quite rapidly in the new modules. The construction of these private facilities and networks is a major hygiene and sanitation risk, while also contributing to the destruction of public facilities, as materials are removed to be used at a household level (see B. in Appendix 1). 1.1 Reasons for the spread of practices i. Current WASH facilities are not meeting needs: • There are an insufficient number of facilities for the camp population size • Facilities are not maintained to a standard that keeps them operational This is linked to issues of vandalism and theft, and poor utilisation practices, including waste disposal into latrines • Cleanliness is not meeting community expectations This is linked to issues of poor hygiene and utilisation practises of the community. ii. Preference: • There is a strong cultural preference in the population for private facilities, in particular for women • There is concern about security of public facilities at night 1.2 Magnitude of the problem Observations across Sectors 1 and 2 suggest that every street in the old part of the camp (1A and 1B) has evidence of these informal systems. In a study by JEN of 50 women in the camp, 20% reported having private toilets in their tent/caravan. ACTED expects that the number of households with grey water activities is significantly higher, and rough estimates suggest that over 70% of households are engaged in such activities. 2. Risks of these practices The construction of these private facilities and grey and black water systems is posing critical risks to the population – particularly hygiene and sanitation risks – including: • Infectious disease risk, from increasing amounts of stagnant grey and black water • Injury risk, especially for children, from the deep holes dug • Spreading hygiene risks, from seepage into the ground (prohibited by Jordanian government) • Potential destabilisation of the land 38 • Hygiene risks from poor construction. The inclines of these informal systems are often not appropriate, causing grey and black water to run back into the tent/caravan or to pool in public spaces • Rubbish being placed in the systems is resulting in becoming increasingly difficult for ACTED’s current cleaning programmes to respond, as the cash-for-work teams are not equipped to deal with raw sewage (see D. in Appendix 1) • Rain events such as forecasted in the coming days will result in flooding of this matter, including back into people’s tents and caravans where inclines have not been established properly. 3. Response options Even if the acceptability and supply of facilities is improved – urgent priorities which are being addressed – these practices are widespread, and are very unlikely to be changed through hygiene promotion. Significant police and security activity would be required to enforce any prohibition. Infrastructure solutions have been discussed, but the technical feasibility and the cost of responding to formalise this type of activity needs to be properly considered. A simplified sewerage system as constructed in slum areas around the world is being considered, and Relief International is providing information to the WASH sector meeting. Importantly, it should be emphasised that the camp community is mobilising themselves and their resources (including financial resources) to respond to this desire for improved WASH facilities. There is an opportunity to work with the community now. Appendix 1 A. Private facilities in tents and caravans Private toilet in caravan (Modules) Private kitchen in tent (Modules) Private kitchen & bathing space – tent + caravan (Modules) B. Informal black and gray water systems in Sectors 1 and 2 39 C. Use of public materials in construction Increasing size of catchments – linked to destruction of THW sceptic tanks Use of more sophisticated systems with stolen pipes, bins, etc 40 Bucket being as a sceptic tank, fed into by stolen piping D. Accumulation of rubbish in seep-away systems