Orissa Climate Change Action Plan (2010-2015)

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Methodology 2

1.3 Structure of the CAP document 5 Chapter 2: National Action Plan on Climate Change 7

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 Approach to Climate Change 7

2.3 Domestic Action 7

2.4 Other Initiatives 8 Chapter 3: Vulnerability Assessment of Orissa 11

3.1 Introduction 11

3.2 Climate Sensitivity 13

3.3 Biophysical Factor and Sectorl Segmentation 15

3.4 Socio Economic Factors: Poverty & Vulnerability 18 Chapter 4: State Green House Gas Inventory 23

4.1 Introduction 23

4.2 Methodology 23

4.3 Result 25

4.4 Possible Mitigation from Conservation 26

4.5 Summary of State Green House Gas Emission 28 Chapter 5: Climate change issues relevant to Orissa 29

5.1 Introduction 29

5.2 Key Issues 30 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan vii Chapter 6: Sectoral Issues & Programme of Key Priorities 33

6.1 Agriculture 33

6.2 Coasts and Disasters 37

6.3 Energy 41

6.4 Fisheries and Animal Resources 46

6.5 Forestry 50

6.6 Health 56

6.7 Industry 59

6.8 Mining 62

6.9 Transport 65

6.10 Urban Planning 69

6.11 Water Resources 72

6.12 Cross cutting issues 75 Chapter 7: Analysis and Synthesis 77

7.1 Introduction 77

7.2 Findings 77

7.3 Institutional Arrangements 78

7.4 Financial budgets 79

7.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework 79 Chapter 8: Conclusions and Recommendations 83

8.1 Introduction 83

8.2 Conclusions 83

8.3 Recommendations for future CAPs 85 Annexures 87 viii Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Abbreviations and Acronyms BCM Billion Cubic Metres CEA Central Electricty Authority CAP Climate Change Action Plan CBO Community Based Organization CDM Clean Development Mechanism CDP Comprehensive Development Plan CNG Compressed Natural Gas CO2 Carbon Dioxide CPP Captive Power Plant DFID Department for International Development, UK DPR Detailed Project Report DSM Demand Side Management ECBC Energy Conservation Building Code FSI Forest Survey of India GHG Green House Gas GoI Government of India GoO Government of Orissa GSDP Gross State Domestic Product ICZMP Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project IPCC Inter-Government Panel on Climate Change IPP Independent Power Producer IPR Industrial Policy Resolution JFM Joint Forest Management km Kilometre Orissa Climate Change Action Plan ix LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas Mm Millimetre MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests MRTS Mass Rapid Transport Systems MSME Micro, Small & Medium Enterprise MT Metric Tons MW Mega Watt MSW Municipal Solid Waste NAPCC National Action Plan on Climate Change NTFP Non-timber Forest Produce NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation OERC Orissa Electricity Regulation Commission OREDA Orissa Renewable Energy Development Agency OSDMA Orissa State Disaster Management Agency OWDM Orissa Watershed Development Mission PV Photovoltaic Rs. Rupees SEZ Special Economic Zones T&D Transmission and Distribution ULB Urban Local Bodies x Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Summary Why Climate Change is a Serious Climate Risks in Orissa Issue for Orissa? High variability of rainfall, leaving people With a 480 km coast line that is prone to with two peak periods of food shortage climate-mediated cyclones and coastal erosion Drought and dry spells at an interval of every and water resources dependent on monsoons, two years in Western Orissa with a major drought every 5-6 years Orissa is relatively more vulnerable to climate Flash floods during rainy season change. Water-consuming rice is its main crop Heat waves in summer and therefore its agriculture is vulnerable to the Intense coastal flooding and cyclones vagaries of climate-induced weather changes. Though 38 percent of the state’s geographical What the Government of Orissa (GoO) area is recorded as forests, much of these is doing? forests are degraded. Vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria, are fairly rampant and Context climate change may make the prevalence of the disease even more widespread. Of late Orissa has made significant progress in economic and fiscal terms. The Gross State Indeed, climate change has the potential Domestic Product (GSDP) during the 10th five year period (2002-2007) has grown by to derail the current growth strategy 8.5 percent per annum which is slightly more and deepen poverty in Orissa. Continuing than the national rate. Private investment of climate variation is predicted to alter the funds in the state has increased, employment sectoral growth, including the opportunities have grown and growth is also ability of the poor to engage in farm and non- leading to poverty reduction. A remarkable fiscal farm sector activities. The direct impacts turnaround was achieved through the state’s of extreme climate-induced events could own efforts and complemented by performance- linked support from the central government. The include loss of life, livelihoods, assets and state’s 11th Five Year Plan focuses on addressing infrastructure. All of these could affect the the challenges in achieving sustainable, shared state’s economic growth and nullify the economic growth and accelerating human effectiveness of macro economic policies and development. GoO recognizes that climate pro poor initiatives. change should not undermine the process of economic development. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan xi Process held at Bhubaneswar, Berhampur, Anugul and Balasore in which representatives of business as Orissa took an early initiative to formulate the well as civil society organisations participated. A State Climate Change Action Plan (CAP). The Chief synthesis workshop in Bhubaneswar collated and Minister appointed a High Level Coordination discussed all the feedback received and relevant Committee headed by the Chief Secretary to steer inputs were incorporated in the CAP. its preparation. Eleven sectoral missions were identified and inter-departmental representation Agriculture ensured co-ordination among sectors. Individual working groups under the chairmanship of Agriculture holds a predominant position in concerned departmental Secretaries who are also the state’s economy. About 80-85 percent of members of high level coordination committee, the state’s population is rural and depend on deliberated on the issues.The support for the agriculture. The agriculture sector contributes process was available from the World Bank and about 26 percent of the GSDP. With almost 60 DFID. The Working Groups interacted with experts percent of land under rain fed agriculture and in various sectors. Key priorities consistent with with water-dependent rice, as its main crop, those of the National Action Plan on Climate the agriculture sector is particularly vulnerable Change (NAPCC) were identified (Agriculture, Coastal Zones and Disasters, Energy, Fisheries to the vagaries of climate change. Further, and Animal Resources, Forestry, Health, Industry, paddy fields in the coastal areas are prone to Mining, Transport, Urban Planning and Water frequent erosion, salinisation and inundation. Resources). These key priorities were vetted Climate projections indicate that drier areas through a series of stakeholder consultations will become drier and flood prone areas will be subject to more flooding. Other problems High-Level Coordination Committee such as pest and disease outbreaks are also Chief Secretary Chairman likely to increase due to climate variability. Development Commissioner Member Agriculture Production Commissioner Member Principal Secretary, Finance Member Agriculture – Key Priorities Department Principal Secretary, Housing and Urban Member Rapid screening and strategy assessment of Department State Agriculture Policy Principal Secretary, Fisheries and ARD, Member Establishing an effective institutional Principal Secretary, Steel and Mines Member delivery mechanism to promote best Department practices on climate change C o m m i s s i o n e r - c u m - S e c r e t a r y, Member Undertaking capacity building Agriculture Department Continuing the livelihood-focused, people- C o m m i s s i o n e r - c u m - S e c r e t a r y, Member centric integrated watershed development Commerce & Transport Department in rain fed areas Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Health Member Increasing the area under perennial fruit and Family Welfare Department plantation Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Revenue Member Developing water use-efficient micro & Disaster Management Department irrigation methods and individual / Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Energy Member community farm ponds Department Improving monitoring and surveillance techniques Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Industry Member Department Developing sustainable soil, water and crop management practices Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Water Member Resources Department Breeding studies on major crops for tolerance /resistance Managing Director OSDMA Member Conducting climate-linked research studies Principal Secretary, Forest & Member Environment Department Convenor xii Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Coastal Zones and Disasters Energy Orissa has long been prone to disasters. Frequent The need for energy is increasing in Orissa which droughts, floods and cyclones are recurrent is poised for rapid industrial development. With features in the state and have had a crippling abundant reserve of coal, power generation effect on the economy. In 1999 a severe cyclone is bound to be a priority. Orissa is also on the followed by a super severe cyclone lashed the way to becoming a major energy supplier to entire coast of Orissa causing large scale loss of the grid and this could come at a high cost in life. Whilst the extent to which climate change terms of both local environmental quality and will exacerbate floods and droughts is not yet contribution to global emissions. The State has fully understood, it is clear that their frequency and intensity will increase. While Orissa has had the distinction of being the first state in done pioneering work on disaster management the country for ushering in sweeping reforms through the Orissa State Disaster Management in power sector, which had the objective to Authority (OSDMA), the first of its kind in the provide consumers with reasonably cheap, country, there is a considerable need to improve reliable and uninterrupted supply of power. own understanding of the climatic impacts on There are already several initiatives to promote disasters and to build capacity of communities to renewable energy, reduce Transmission & adapt, manage and mitigate their impacts. Distribution (T&D) losses and to promote energy efficiency in the state. All these efforts become Coasts & Disasters – Key Priorities much more important in the climate change Flood mapping, flood forecasting and context. downscaled climate change projections modeling Assessment of erosion prone areas with the help of Digital Elevation model Key priorities - Energy Studying coastal erosion Conducting micro-level vulnerability Generating cleaner energy through clean assessment Constructing flood shelters in unconventionally coal approaches vulnerable locations Institutional development (Capacity building/ Needs assessment and constructing restructuring) of Energy Department multipurpose cyclone shelters Reduction of Transmission & Distribution Developing a hydrological framework losses Dredging and river mouth widening to Promoting demand side management & improve flood management energy efficiency Strengthening coastal protection methods Developing a techno-legal regime for Fly ash utilization and emission reduction construction of disaster resilient housing and from power plants public infrastructure Promotion of Small and Medium Hydel Integrating climate change risk in the state’s plants disaster management policy Harnessing biomass potential Setting up an integrated training and capacity Promotion of Grid based wind power building protocol Assessment of risks due to lightning and generation thunderstorm Maximize solar power generation Improving flash flood management Development of Biogas and manure Prediction through appropriate modeling management the impact of sea level rise on coastal ecosystem Study of impact of global warming on the biodiversity of coastal ecosystem with special emphasis on flagship species Orissa Climate Change Action Plan xiii Fisheries and Animal Resources Mining and other industrial projects are bound to have some adverse effects on forests, and Being water dependent, the fisheries sector in would create conflicts between wild animals Orissa will be impacted by climate change. The and local inhabitants due to fragmentation of livelihoods of the fisher folks will be affected forests. Forestry sector is also particularly most, not only due to sea level rise and climate important both from climate mitigation as mediated hazards, but also due to erratic rainfall well as adaptation perspectives. While no that affects the open reservoirs and ponds/tanks. assessment of the impact of climate changes Animal resources - support a large part of rural on Orissa’s forests has yet been undertaken, livelihoods – will be impacted by heat stress and it is nonetheless necessary to evaluate the other climatic impacts. Methane emission from long-term effects of climate change on the livestock is a key concern. forests and determine what the community might do in response. Fisheries and Animal Resources – Key Priorities Forestry – Key Priorities Vaccination against contagious diseases, Deworming and early disease warning Increasing reforestation / afforestation system, emphasis on Green fodder, pasture activities in degraded forest areas development and grazing, Protecting existing forest stocks to act as Training on fodder production, fodder carbon sink with stronger conservation conservation, rotational grazing, Rain Water Increasing planting on non-forest land and harvest technology, Methane gas harvesting also exploring where new and increased tree technology, biogas tanks management planting could create barriers to storm and Conservation of local hardy animals. Gobar Gas tanks/packing to cylinders cyclone impacts in coastal zones Easy and handy Methane Harvest at farmers Covering bald-hills with suitable species mix point Increasing and protecting existing mangrove Enhancing Disease Early Warning Systems cover along the coast with climate change considerations Assessing fire management strategies Application of biotechnology and skilled Improving tree planting and forest animal breeding for development of better management to integrate with watersheds adopted species and water resources management Capacity building of livestock keepers Working to establish new systems to support Research on disease early warning system for community users. relevant to livestock Undertaking studies on indigenous trees Impact of climate change on inland and species to assess their vulnerability to coastal aquaculture climate change Development of infrastructure for early Assessing additional threats to biodiversity warning systems in coastal areas for fishermen and wildlife Obtaining access to updated knowledge on climate change science and policy developments Forests Capacity building of Panchayati Raj institutions/communities/JFM institutions to Forests provide livelihoods to a large proportion adapt to climate change of tribal populations and rural poor. The forests Monitoring carbon stock and biodiversity at also have important ecological functions, regular intervals checking soil erosion and reducing the impact of droughts, floods and cyclones (mangroves). xiv Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Health Industry In Orissa, increased health risks will arise The industrial sector in Orissa mainly comprises due to climate change. There is already mineral-based industries. Since these industries high prevalence of malaria and vector-borne are energy-intensive, the acceleration of diseases in certain areas. With erratic nature industrialization is closely linked to carbon of rainfall and extending seasons, these may emission. There is significant potential for become more widespread. Climate change improving energy efficiency through the use has the potential to aggravate vector-borne, of cleaner production technologies, methods water-borne and food-borne diseases . The and practices. The workers in mineral-based intensity and frequency of extreme events industries have to work in extremely hot such as heat waves and cyclones could further conditions and with the likely increase in the expose the vulnerable population to health average temperatures due to climate change, risks. this will also become an occupational health issue in future. With the prediction of increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, protection of coastal industrial assets Health – Key Priorities will have to be accorded greater attention. Capacity Building of the health sector on climate change Industry – Key Priorities Integrating climate change considerations in the State Health policy Integrating climate concerns in policies and Strengthening approaches to manage vector plans borne disease that have worsened due to Assessing GHG profiles of major industrial clusters climate change impacts Conducting heat-island study for Talcher and Strengthening approaches to deal with heat Jharsuguda area wave conditions exacerbated due to climate Training various stakeholders on climate change change issues Strengthening approaches to deal with the Implementing a system of compensatory physical and psychological impacts due water harvesting Streamlining institutional arrangement and to extreme weather conditions caused by strengthen OSDMA to tackle extreme climate climate change events in coastal area Addressing drought, nutrition & Carrying out energy efficiency studies food security due to increased risk Promoting recovery, recycle and reuse of of drought, consequent decline in waste material agriculture and increased malnutrition Setting emission standards for thermal power plants & food security Undertaking measures to manage water Mining borne disease that have worsened due to climate change impacts Mining is a major economic activity in the state Research & studies on climate change and and it contributes significantly to the growth health impacts process. Yet mining in Orissa has serious local Addressing food safety that is undermined as environmental and social impacts. These include a result of increased ambient temperatures air pollution (particulates), water pollution (mine and extreme events water discharges), social impacts (displacement Studying the interlinkages between air and rehabilitation) and forest impacts (most quality and climate change, and implications of the mining area is in forest areas or in their on health vicinity). Mining being energy intensive is also a big contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan xv Urban Planning Mining – Key Priorities Incorporating climate concerns in State The continuous exodus of rural population to Mineral Policy urban areas in Orissa has contributed to urban Analyzing appropriate policies to promote growth. There is already a severe strain on the energy-efficiency existing urban infrastructure. However, as the Realizing the potential of low-grade mineral population living in urban areas in Orissa is beneficiation significantly lower than the national average, Strengthening environmental monitoring Protecting water bodies GoO is in a unique position to chart out an urban Expanding and maintaining green zones development path that is based on lessons from Building capacity and generating awareness past mistakes / experiences of other Indian Realizing energy-savings potential in mining cities (particularly the metropolitan cities). Given the climate change dimension, Orissa can go further by defining a climate-responsible urban development path. Transport Increasing motorization with greater availability of affordable vehicles has resulted in a commensurate increase in the emissions from Urban – Key Priorities the transport sector. In the absence of railway Building capacity on climate change connectivity to interior areas and without any Incorporate climate considerations in water inland water way worth the name. Orissa is supply and sewerage design largely dependent on the road network that is the least carbon friendly among different Working towards greater water-efficiency modes of transport. This has local pollution Preparing a climate-friendly MSW management implications as well. No alternative such as less plan carbon-emitting CNG fuel exists in the state and effort to move to a more carbon-friendly Orienting towards energy-efficient street mass rapid transport system is only at a very lighting through CDM early stage. Developing a climate-responsible master plans Strengthening infrastructure for promoting Transport – Key Priorities non-motorized transport Revising state transport policies Improvements to water harvesting in urban Integrating urban and transport planning areas with restoration of water tanks and Enhancing the use of rail artificial recharge Moving towards low carbon fuel Developing models of urban storm water flows Piloting low carbon, green highways and capacities of existing drainage systems Encouraging fuel use efficiency and tightening with climate change enforcement Promoting non-motorized transport Sequestering carbon through avenue plantations Estimating carbon emissions from the sector Developing inland waterways xvi Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Water Way Forward Impact of climate change on water resources The CAP will lead Orissa to move towards in Orissa is likely to be due to the vagaries of a carbon-conscious, climate resilient monsoons creating variability in river flows and development path. A monitoring and evaluation increased frequency/intensity in extreme events framework will be put in place to supervise such as floods, droughts and cyclones. Heavy progress and effectiveness of interventions. flood or drought occurs almost every alternate Besides the existing provisions in the budget for year due to disproportionate distribution of activities which are climate and environment rainfall. In recent years, wide fluctuation in friendly, additional resources which may climate has been observed and irregular rainfall be required for undertaking mitigation and causing both floods and droughts is a major adaptation measures will also have to be concern. The impact of droughts on farmers located. A rough and ready estimate puts the has been crippling in some areas. resource requirement at Rs. 17000 crores over a period of five years. Efforts would be made to take advantage of global funds available for both adaptation and mitigation. Setting Water Resources – Key Priorities up a climate change cell/agencies would Expansion of hydrometry network be considered to provide a single-window Development of flood forecasting models contact. Downscaling of Global Circulation Model Increasing the water use efficiency in irrigation Constructing and protecting water harvesting structures Improving drainage systems River health monitoring and eco-systems environmental flow demand studies Raising awareness raising with Pani Panchayat through Farmers’ Training Programme and creating agro-climatic stations Integrated Water Resources Management Orissa Climate Change Action Plan xvii Chapter 1 Background

1.1 Introduction growing economy. India’s immense geographic diversity adds to the complexity of developing The Fourth Assessment Report of the and implementing an adaptation strategy. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change impacts will vary across states, sectors, locations (IPCC) indicates that the Earth’s climate is and populations. Consequently, there can be changing at an unprecedented pace with no one-size-fits-all climate change strategy. potentially serious economic impacts and Approaches will need to be tailored to fit state implications for sustainable development. and local vulnerabilities and conditions. Climate model projections indicate that global average temperature will increase, with In June 2008, Government of India’s (GoI) disproportionately higher temperatures in the National Action Plan on Climate Change tropics and at the poles. South Asia is especially (NAPCC) was announced. The objective is to vulnerable to climate change due to its high adapt and to enhance ecological sustainability levels of population density, prevalent poverty of India's development path. The vision is and a high dependence on natural resources. to create a prosperous (not wasteful) self- sustaining economy. The principle is to maintain India is already the fifth largest emitter of a high growth rate and reduce vulnerability. greenhouse gases. From the viewpoint of per There are 8 national missions that are to be capita emissions, India’s contribution is very developed in greater detail (Refer to Chapter low but it is substantial in a cumulative sense. 3 for a further elaboration). These include the Climate projections for India suggest that impacts following subjects: solar, energy efficiency, are likely to be varied and heterogeneous, with water, sustainable habitat, water, Himalayan some regions experiencing more intense rainfall eco-system, forests, sustainable agriculture and flood risks, while others will encounter and strategic knowledge. In August 2009, the sparser rainfall and prolonged droughts. Among Hon’ble Prime Minister of India urged each state the more substantial effects is a projected Government to formulate its own state level spatial shift in the pattern of rainfall towards action plan consistent with the strategies in the the already flood-prone coastal areas, while National plan. This was re-emphasized by the water-scarce regions become even more Union Minister of State, Environment & Forests drought-prone and unproductive. India will also (MoEF), at the meeting of the Chief Secretaries suffer from higher tides, more intense storms in February 2010. Simultaneously the Honb’le fueled by warmer oceans and further erosion Chief Minister Shri Naveen Pattanaik, while along its coastline due to sea level rise. For expressing his concern as the climate change India, climate variability and climate change issues, constituted the High Level Co-ordination pose huge risks to human life and threaten to committee for formulation of State Climate endanger the sustainability of the country’s fast Change Action Plan for Orissa. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 1 Orissa is a state that is endowed with a variety High-Level Coordination Committee of mineral resources. It has the potential to Chief Secretary Chairman generate coal-based thermal power not only Development Commissioner Member to meet the state’s needs but also need of Agriculture Production Commissioner Member the region. Being mineral-rich, the state has a Principal Secretary, Finance Member predominance of mineral-based industries that Department are both energy and water intensive. The energy, Principal Secretary, Housing and Urban Member mining and industry sector also contribute to Department the local environmental and social problems. Principal Secretary, Fisheries and ARD, Member About 38 percent of the state’s geographical Principal Secretary, Steel and Mines Member areas belong to the catagory of forests, and Department therefore in an advantageous situation in terms Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Member of providing for carbon sinks. The state also has Agriculture Department 10 percent of the country’s water resources Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Member for just 4 percent of the population. There is Commerce & Transport Department sufficient water in the state as a whole but Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Health Member still there are water shortages in certain parts and Family Welfare Department of the state and in certain times of the year. Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Revenue Member Agriculture is largely rainfed as the irrigation & Disaster Management Department network is limited.The main crop of the state is Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Energy Member rice, which is highly water-intensive crop. It has Department a 480 km vulnerable coast line, which is prone Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Industry Member Department to climate risks such as cyclones and coastal Commissioner-cum-Secretary, Water Member erosion. In terms of health, the vector-borne Resources Department disease - malaria - is fairly rampant in many Managing Director OSDMA Member parts of the state. Given its profile, climate Principal Secretary, Forests & Member- change is an important concern for the state as Environment Department Convenor it is presently on a carbon-oriented development path and at the same time, it is vulnerable to climate variations. carbon dioxide emissions or will need to adapt to climate change were consulted during the GoO recognizes that the climate change has the scoping study. This scoping study was done potential to erode the progress achieved and to between November 2009 and February 2010. be achieved through economic growth. Given its importance, GoO is committed to demonstrate When the findings of the scoping study were continued leadership in this new and important presented, GoO decided to establish a High area. Level Co-ordination Committee headed by the Chief Secretary to steer the preparation of the

1.2 Methodology CAP. This was done recognizing the need for the senior bureaucracy within the GoO to be GoO initiated the climate change scoping study involved in the assessment of climate change with a view to understanding the range of issues that the scoping study revealed. The issues that need to be addressed. GoO provided composition of the Committee is shown in the information on possible issues and the Orissa adjoining text box. At the same time, the GoO context to consultants who put together a established 11 working groups to cover issues in short, focused report on the issues that GoO 11 different sectors that are relevant to climate needs to address. Most of the GoO Departments change. The list of the working groups formed that deal with activities which contribute to and sectors addressed are in the text box 2 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan below. GoO ensured that the membership was drawn not only from the primary department Working Groups but also from the different associated  Agriculture departments/organisations. Chaired by the  Coastal Zones and Disasters Principal Secretary/Secretary of the primary  Energy Department, meetings were held by these  Fisheries and Animal Ressources working groups to deliberate on the relevance  Forestry  Health of climate change pertaining to the sectors in  Industry the Orissa context. A convenor was appointed  Mining to co-ordinate the regular conduct of meetings,  Transport to collect/collate the required information and  Urban Planning to develop the plans pertaining to each of the  Water Resources sectors. Annex 1 provides the composition of all the working groups – chairpersons, convenors and the individual members. the climate change context in their respective sectors. Recognizing that all activities are Templates were prepared for listing the various equally important , the working groups activities relevant to climate change, prioritizing developed a prioritization approach to divide the activities as high, medium and low priorities, the comprehensive list of activities into high, and developing an outline of the sub-activities to medium and low priority activities. Once this be done under the high priority activities while was done, the working groups went ahead and estimating the budget and sources of funding. defined key priorities in order to get a sharper These templates are included in Annex 2. Each focus. Finally, each working group identified Working Group completed these templates and 10-12 key priorities for the five year period the high priority activities were reviewed. In between 2010 and 2015. Description of the key the deliberations of the high priorities during priorities was developed, organizations to be the meeting of the High-Level Co-ordination involved in the implementation were identified Committee, it was agreed that each Working and budgets to implement these activities were Group will rationalize and determine about 10- estimated. 12 key priorities which will be focus of the first period of the CAP [2010-2015]. The process adopted and the key priorities identified were then shared with the external To provide technical advice to these working stakeholders. With a view to collecting feedback groups, climate change specialists as well as from across the state, GoO arranged stakeholder national / international sector experts were consultation workshops at Bhubaneswar, invited for interactions on different subjects. Berhampur, Angul and Balasore. In each of This ensured that the working groups were these consultation workshops, specific sectors on track, were addressing issues that are were discussed in detail. These stakeholder important in context of Orissa and were in consultations concluded with a synthesis line with the responses both at the national/ stakeholder workshop that covered all the 11 international level. A list of climate change sectors. The feedback obtained from these specialists and sector experts, who advised the stakeholder workshops were considered by the different working groups, is provided in the different working groups. Acknowledgements. The scoping study was done with technical Using the scoping study findings as the first- support from the Department for International cut, the different working groups expanded to Development (DFID), UK. The World Bank all the possible activities that are relevant in provided technical assistance in providing Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 3 Table 1: Methodology & Timeframe Climate Change Scoping Study Initiated [Nov ‘09] Deliberations on the Scoping Study (Nov ‘09–Feb ‘10 Completion of Scoping Study & Start of Climate Change Action Plan [Feb ‘10] Completion of Scoping Study & Start of Climate Change Action Plan (CAP) Preparation [Feb ‘10] Establishing High-Level Inter-departmental Co-ordination Committee under Chief Secretary [Mar ’10] Establishing 11 inter-departmental Sector Working Groups [Mar ’10] Energy Mining Industry Forestry Water Agriculture Coasts & Urban Health Transport Fisheries & Disasters Animal Resources Deliberations of High-Level Co-ordination Committee and 11 inter-departmental Sector Working Groups [Mar ’10 & April ’10] Preparation of a draft CAP [Apr ’10] Stakeholder Consultation [May ’10] Draft CAP on website for stakeholder comments [June ’10] Deliberations of High-Level Co-ordination Committee and 11 inter-departmental Sector Working Groups on Stakeholder Comments [June ’10] Finalizing CAP and Release [July ’10] 4 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan the climate change experts, assigning the indicates the green house gas emission with sector experts to different working groups per capita emission in the state. and in supporting the external stakeholder consultations. DFID-UK also assisted in The next chapter highlights a detailed overview sourcing sector experts and provided support of the Climate Change Issues relevant to Orissa. for the first printing of this CAP document. This covers all the 11 sectors and also includes a section that identifies the issues that are cross

1.3 Structure of the CAP document cutting. The subsequent chapter analyses and synthesizes the sector information to arrive The CAP document begins with this background at the key findings. The last chapter provides chapter, which introduces the context, provides the conclusions and recommendations. The the methodology and outlines the structure of Annexes include the composition of the the document. The second chapter gives an working groups (Chairpersons, Convenors overview of the National Action Plan on Climate and Members), list of external stakeholder Change, eight missions and other initiatives. consultations held, summary of stakeholder The third chapter describes the vulnerability consultations, sectorwise table of key priorities, assessment of Orissa and highlights climate comprehensive list of activities considered and sensitivity from both biophysical and socio list of references. economic perspectives. The fourth chapter Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 5 Chapter 2 National Action Plan on Climate Change

2.1 Introduction 2.3 Domestic Action India released its National Action Plan on India’s National Action Plan stresses that Climate Change (NAPCC) on 30th June 2008 maintaining a high growth rate is essential to outline its strategy to meet the challenge for increasing living standards of the vast of Climate Change. The National Action Plan majority of people of India and reducing their advocates a strategy that promotes, firstly, the vulnerability to impacts of climate change. adaptation to Climate Change and secondly, Accordingly, the Action Plan identifies measures further enhancement of the ecological that promote the objectives of sustainable sustainability of India’s development path. development of India while also yielding co-benefits for addressing climate change.

2.2 Approach to Climate Change Eight National Missions which form the core of the National Action Plan represent multi- The National Action Plan recognises that pronged, long term and integrate strategies climate change is a global challenge and, that for achieving key goals in the context of it should be successfully overcome through a climate change. The focus is on promoting globally collaborative and cooperative effort understanding of Climate Change, adaptation based on the principle of equity. The Action and mitigation, energy efficiency and natural Plan expresses India’s willingness to play its role resource conservation. While, several of these as a responsible member of the international programmes are already a part of the current community and to make its contribution. actions, the Action Plan seeks to enhance them However, it emphasises that, this requires not in scope, and effectiveness and implement only sustainable production processes, but them in an accelerated manner through time also sustainable life styles across the globe. bound plans. In this effort, every citizen of the planet should have an equal share of the planetary 2.3.1 Solar Mission atmospheric space. The Action Plan suggests that the long-term convergence of per capita This mission aims at promoting the GHG emissions is the only equitable basis for development and use of solar energy for a global agreement to tackle climate change. power generation and other uses, as well as The Action Plan assures the international to render solar energy competitive with fossil- community that India’s per capita GHC based energy options in urban areas, industry, emissions would not exceed the per capita and commercial establishments. Its goal is to GHG emissions of developed countries, despite generate at least 10,000 megawatts of solar power and to create a solar research center, India’s developmental imperatives. among other things. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 7

2.3.2 Mission for Enhanced Energy 2.3.6 Mission for a “Green India” Efficiency The mission plans to expand forest cover in This mission seeks to yield savings of 10,000 India by 10 percent through afforestation of megawatts by 2012 through the implementation 6 million hectares of degraded forest lands. of certain initiatives, such as energy incentives (including differential taxation on energy- 2.3.7 Mission for Sustainable Agriculture efficient appliances); setting up financing platforms for public-private partnerships to The mission will foster adaptation in the reduce energy consumption through demand- agricultural sector by supporting the side management programs; and establishing a development of climate-resilient crops and the system for large energy-intensive industries and expansion of weather insurance mechanisms, facilities to trade energy-savings certificates among other measures. so that they can meet government-mandated reductions in energy consumption, as per the 2.3.8 Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Energy Conservation Act. Climate Change

2.3.3 Mission on Sustainable Habitat This mission will promote “a better understanding of climate science, impacts and This mission seeks to promote energy challenges.” It calls for the establishment of a efficiency in urban planning through measures new Climate Science Research Fund, improved such as putting more emphasis on urban waste climate modeling, and increased international management and recycling, strengthening collaboration. It will also foster private sector the enforcement of automotive fuel economy initiatives aimed at developing adaptation and standards, using pricing measures to encourage mitigation technologies through venture capital the purchase of fuel-efficient vehicles, and funds. providing incentives for people to make greater use of public transportation. 2.4 Other Initiatives

2.3.4 Water Mission Apart from the eight National Missions, the National Action Plan also envisages other This mission aims to increase water use initiatives aimed at enhancing mitigation efficiency by 20 percent through pricing and and adaptation. These include research & regulatory measures, including the recycling of development in the area of ultra super critical wastewater, increases in irrigation efficiency, boilers in coal-based thermal plants; integrated and incentives to promote water-neutral or gasification combined cycle technology to make water-positive technologies and groundwater coal based power generation efficient; setting recharge. up more combined cycle natural gas plants; promotion of nuclear energy through adoption

2.3.5 Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan of fast breeder and thorium-based thermal Ecosystem reactor technology in nuclear power generation; adoption of high-voltage AC and high-voltage DC This mission seeks to promote the conservation transmission to reduce technical losses during of biodiversity, forest cover, and other ecological transmission and distribution; small and large values in the Himalayan region to help stop the scale hydro power; promotion of renewable retreat of glaciers, as they constitute a major energy technologies such as bio-mass combustion source of India’s water supply. and gasification-based power generation; 8 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan enhancements in the regulatory/tariff regimes 2.5 Institutional Mechanism to help mainstream renewable-based sources in the national power system; and renewable The National Missions are to be institutionalized energy technologies for transportation and by the respective Ministries and will be industrial fuels. In addition, the Action Plan organized through inter-sectoral groups. envisages effective disaster management Appropriate mechanisms including public- strategies that include mainstreaming disaster private partnership and civil society actions, risk reduction into infrastructure project will be devised, as suited, for effective design, strengthening communication networks delivery of each individual Mission’s objectives. and disaster management facilities at all Comprehensive Mission documents detailing levels; protection of coastal areas, provision objectives, strategies, plan of action, timelines of enhanced public health care services, and and monitoring and evaluation criteria of all assessment of increased burden of disease eight Missions and Other Initiatives are to be due to climate change. The Action Plan also developed by December 2008 and submitted highlights the role of Central Government, to the Prime Minister’s Council on Climate State Governments and local Bodies in putting Change. The work is to be coordinated by the in place appropriate delivery mechanisms and Ministry of Environment & Forests. building adequate capacity and knowledge in the relevant institutions for effective adaptation and mitigation actions. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 9 Chapter 5 Climate change issues relevant to Orissa

5.1 Introduction the vector-borne disease - Malaria - is fairly rampant in many parts of the state. Although Climate projections for India suggest that impacts 38 percent of the state’s geographical areas are are likely to be varied and heterogeneous, with forests, much these forests are degraded. some regions experiencing more intense rainfall and flood risks, while others will encounter Orissa also remains one of India’s poorest states. less rainfall and prolonged droughts. Among The estimates from the Planning Commission the more substantial effects is a projected reflected in indices such as the percentage of spatial shift in the pattern of rainfall towards population below the poverty line both in rural the already flood-prone coastal areas, while and urban areas, and the overall incidence of water-scarce regions become even more poverty in Orissa vis-a-vis rest of India reveal drought-prone and unproductive. India will also that Orissa remains one of the poorest among suffer from higher tides, more intense storms all the major states of India. The high poverty fueled by warmer oceans and further erosion in Orissa is closely tied to low productivity along its coastline due to sea level rise. For in agriculture, which is in turn linked to the India, climate variability and climate change prevalence of small and marginal holdings. The pose huge risks to human life and threaten to GoO has realized that poverty reducing economic endanger the sustainability of the country’s growth would need acceleration of progress in economic growth. India’s immense geographic both agriculture and non-agricultural sectors. diversity adds to the complexity of developing and implementing an adaptation strategy. The Climate change is predicted to impede poverty impacts will vary across States, sectors, locations alleviation programmes in Orissa both directly and populations. Consequently, there can be and indirectly compromising the current growth no one-size-fits-all approach to developing a strategy. The direct impacts could include loss climate risk management strategy: approaches of life, livelihoods, assets, infrastructure, etc. will need to be tailored to address state and from climatic extreme events. The indirect local vulnerabilities and conditions. effects could be the effect on economic growth. Continuing climate change variation is predicted Orissa has a 480 km vulnerable coast line, which to alter the sectoral origins of growth, including is a periodic recipient of climate risks such as the ability of the poor to engage in the non-farm cyclones and coastal erosion. Orissa is rainfall sector. This could nullify the pro-poor potential dependent as its irrigation network does not of macroeconomic policies, trade and private cover the entire state. With a water-dependent sector investment. crop, rice, as its main staple, the agriculture sector is vulnerable to the vagaries of climate- Climatic variations could further multiply induced weather changes. In terms of health, the vulnerability of poor people by adversely Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 29 affecting their health and livelihoods and neighboring states in the region. The current jeopardizing growth opportunities vital for development trends point to increased emphasis poverty reduction. Climate change in Orissa has on power, mining, energy-intensive industries the potential to tremendously aggravate water and infrastructure. It is anticipated that stress and enhance food insecurity. thermal power generation capacity will increase to 55-60,000 MW in the coming decade from GoO wants to ensure that climate change does the current 4,000 MW. In view of the pollution not undermine the economic development effects of the thermal plants,capping of the of the state. Orissa has recently transformed thermal power generation would be required. itself in economic and fiscal terms. Double- While climate adaptation remains a key issue, digit growth for the past five years has had a the state’s role in mitigation in the broader multiplier effect throughout the economy. A national context could not be ignored. remarkable fiscal turnaround, achieved through the state’s own efforts and complemented by Being mineral-rich, the state has mineral-based performance-linked support from the central industries that are both energy and water government and external donors has released intensive. The energy, mining and industry sector funds for development and greater public also contribute to the local environmental and investments more generally. The state finances, social problems. Mining projects are threatening which were in critical stage have improved. forests, livelihood of people dependent on forest The GSDP during the 10th five year period based economy and creating conflicts between (2002-2007) has increased by 8.5 percent per wild animals and local inhabitants due to loss annum which is slightly more than the national of forest. All these developments will have a level. Private investment of funds in the state high carbon and environmental footprint. On has increased as a result of this; employment the other hand, sustained management of the opportunities have increased in private sector state’s forests also offers possibilities in terms leading to Poverty reduction. of providing for carbon sinks and protection of watersheds. The state’s 11th Five Year Plan focuses on addressing the challenges in achieving Given its profile, climate change is a very sustainable, shared economic growth and important subject for the state. It is presently accelerating human development. This includes on a carbon-oriented development path and, measures to tackle problems in the agriculture at the same time, it is vulnerable to climate- and rural non-farm sectors; enhanced social mediated risks. We describe below some key protection and tribal empowerment; further issues pertaining to climate change adaptation improvement of the business climate and and mitigation. the regulatory framework for managing environmental and social impacts of resource- 5.2 Key Issues intensive investments in the State; greater attention to financial management and 5.2.1 Adaptation modernization of procurement systems for converting outlays to outputs and outcomes; Coastal/disasters and continuing tax reforms for transition to Orissa has long been prone to disasters.Recurring Goods and Services Tax. droughts, flood and cyclones are regular features in the state and have had a crippling effect on the Orissa is endowed with coal and a variety economy. In 1999 a severe cyclone followed by a of mineral resources. It has the potential to super severe cyclone lashed the entire coast of generate coal-based thermal power not only Orissa causing large scale loss of life. Whilst the for the state’s needs but also to cater to the extent to which climate change will exacerbate 30 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan floods and droughts is not yet fully understood 5.2.2 Mitigation yet it is clear that frequency and intensity of disasters will increase . Energy The State of Orissa is poised for rapid industrial Cyclones may further intensify with climate development and large use of electricity for change. industrial purpose for which the demand for electrical power is continuously increasing. Water Resources Orissa is on the way to becoming an energy In Orissa, over 80 percent of annual rainfall supplier to the grid. In the next 10 years, Orissa occurs during the monsoon period with average expects to be generating about 60,000 MW of rainfall of 1400 mm, with an average of 70 rainy power, most of which is based on coal (a multiple days. The state experiences either heavy flood increase from the current 4,000 MW). On the or drought every alternate year due to uneven demand side, there is potential for reducing distribution of rainfall. In recent years, wide T&D losses, energy-efficiency promotion / DSM fluctuation in climate has been observed and and also tapping the unrealized potential for irregular rainfall causing both floods and droughts renewable energy particularly bio-mass and is a major concern. The impact of drought on solar. farmers has been invariably deleterious . Floods in 1980, 1982, 2001 and 2003 were particularly Mining severe and there have been notable flood events Being endowed with mineral resources,mining in each of the past 4 years. Saline water ingression sector will continue to form an important part has been observed in some coastal districts. With of the state’s economy. Many of the mineral large demand for water coming primarily from resources are found on forest land and these the energy, industry and agriculture sectors and also have tribal/indigenous populations. rainfall/precipitation levels turning erratic, the Therefore, mining is already fraught with state will be confronted with water scarcity in situations of conflict that are constantly being varying degrees in different areas. resolved. In the climate context these forests could serve as carbon sinks. In addition, there Agriculture are a number of small mining companies that do Almost 85 percent of the State’s population is not adopt sustainable practices. Combined with dependent on agriculture and yet the agriculture poor infrastructure, there is a serious concern sector contributes only about 26 percent of the pertaining to sustainable development issues. GSDP. With almost 60 percent of land devoted to rain fed agriculture and with a water-dependent Industry crop, rice, as its main crop, the agriculture sector is vulnerable to the vagaries of climate- Industries in Orissa mostly belong to the induced weather changes. energy-intensive and highly polluting catagory. However, there is potential for improving energy Health efficiency through the use of cleaner production The prevalence of Malaria, and other vector- technologies, methods and practices. This will borne disease, is already rampant. With the contribute towards mitigating green house expected erratic nature of rainfall and extending gases. As most mineral-based industries have seasons, there is a possibility that the prevalence their own coal-based captive power plants, of these diseases would become more rampant. there are direct emissions from the industry Climate change has the potential to aggravate sector as well. Therefore, making the captive malarial as well as other vector-borne, water- power plants more energy-efficient is also a key borne and food-borne diseases. issue in the Orissa context. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 31 Transport climate. The forestry community nonetheless The state is solely dependent on petrol and diesel needs to evaluate the long-term effects of to meet its growing fuel needs. Strengthening climate change on forests and determine what legal framework for motor vehicles to regulate the community might do now and in the future emission, introducing mass transport and/or to respond to this threat. A large part of these switching to fuel will reduce both local and forests in Orissa are degraded and therefore global emissions in the state. there is scope for increasing forest cover as well as forest density.

5.2.3 Cross cutting Issues Urban Creation of sustainable habitats is a big Forestry challenge in urban areas. This will bring down No assessment of the impact of climate changes emission levels substantively. Energy use by on Orissa’s forests has yet been undertaken the urban local bodies for applications such as using the latest range of climate scenario. water/sewerage pumping and street-lighting Further there are the uncertainties about the is considerable. Large scale energy savings are future of the monsoon in all the models. At the possible and will contribute towards mitigating national level past studies have indicated that carbon emissions. Given the drainage situation in whilst Orissa’s forest areas are not the most urban areas, a sudden and intense precipitation vulnerable, more recent work indicates that may cause flooding and water logging which within 50 years, most of India’s forest biomass would throw life out of gear. Urban local would be highly vulnerable to the change in bodieswill have to be prepared for this. 32 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Chapter 6 Sectoral Issues & Programme of Key Priorities

6.1 Agriculture Table 6.1: Agriculture - Key Statistics S.No. Title/Description Particular Data/

6.1.1 Introduction: Information Agriculture holds a predominant position in the state’s economy. About 80-85 percent of the 1 Agriculture’s & 21.11% of the Net State state’s population is rural and virtually depend Animal Husbandry Domestic Product (NSDP) sectors’ contribution on agriculture. Rice dominates the crop area to the economy (about 75%) and is also the main kharif crop. Predominantly farmers cultivate vegetables 2 Employment 70% of state’s population and low duty crops in Rabi. Having 10 different 3 Topography, climate 10 different agroclimatic agro-climatic zones due to large variations and soil types zones in physiographic and topographic conditions, 4 Total rainfall 1,451.20 mm (Monsoon there are differences in agricultural practices rainfall is 1144.30 across the state. mm, i.e. 79% of total rainfall between June & About 60 percent of land is devoted to rain September) fed agriculture, which is characterized by low 5 Main crop Paddy (Crop is paddy productivity, low income, low employment processed one is rice) with high incidence of poverty. Rainfall pattern 6 Dependence on High in these areas is highly variable leading to rainfall moisture stress during critical stage of crop production. Source: Agricultural Statistics, 2006-2007 and 2008-09. Demo plots taken up in Farmers Fields Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 33 These are hotspots of poverty, malnutrition, food of the State Agriculture Policy and associated insecurity. Given that the agriculture is largely implementation approaches will be done. rain fed, the behavior of the monsoon has the This will lead to identifying modifications that potential to impact the prevailing systems and will be required to cope with climate change. practices in a negative way. Climate projections Indiscriminate conversion of agricultural indicate that there will be a change in the land will be discouraged which would be one intensity and frequency of rainfall across the of the important components of the state country. This will impact agriculture in Orissa policy. Diversion of agricultural land should be adversely. From the grassroots, there have been adequately compensated. reports of problems, e.g. germination, due to the variability in rainfall. Other problems such For enhancing the adaptive capacity of agriculture as pest attack and disease outbreaks are also sector public investment in irrigation, research likely due to climate variability. The agriculture for adaptive cultivars of main crops & better sector needs to adapt and cope to the impending forecasting model decision support system climate change scenario. would be needed & incorporated in the policy. Areas of the state where high climate variability Under the NAPCC, there is a separate National is common (drought prone, flood prone & heat Mission on Sustainable Agriculture. This Mission islands) suitable change of cropping mix and aims at making Indian agriculture more resilient revision of crop calander will be essential; to climate change. The focus is on rain-fed suitable training needs to be catagorized e.g. agricultural zones. The suggested approaches (i) crop/ varietal diversification (ii) shortening include (i) Development of drought and pest or lengthening, growing season planting date resistant crop varieties, (ii) alternative cropping etc. (iii) mixed farming (iv)non-farm enterprise patterns and on specific aspects that include, (v) better land & water management along (iii) Improving methods to conserve soil and with cropping mix (vi) risk transfer through water, (iv) capacity building and support to insurance (vii)asessment & promoting climate farmers, and (v) safeguarding farmers against resilient indigenous farming practises. increased climate change risks. The key priorities identified in the Orissa Agriculture – Key Priorities context fall in line with these national policy  Rapid screening and strategy assessment directions. The rest of this section outlines the of State Agriculture Policy various key priorities pertaining to agriculture.  Establishing an effective institutional Fisheries and Animal Resources are identified delivery mechanism to promote best as an independent sector and addressed in a practices on climate change separate section.  Undertaking capacity building

6.1.2 Rapid screening and strategy  Continuing the livelihood-focused, assessment of State Agriculture Policy and people-centric integrated watershed seed improvement: development in rain fed areas  Increasing the area under perennial fruit Agriculture is one of the key sectors that will plantation be affected due to climate change. While  Developing water use-efficient micro that is clear, there is still a lot of uncertainty irrigation methods and individual / regarding the nature of the impacts as these community farm ponds are dependent on different climate scenarios  Improving monitoring and surveillance of rainfall and temperature. There should techniques be a cluster approach in the interventions to  Developing sustainable soil, water and have appropriate local context and response crop management practices to climate change. Empicrical weather data  Breeding studies on major crops for will also be used to provide the bottoms-up perspective and that will lead to an appropriate tolerance /resistance response to the possible climate scenarios in  Conducting climate-linked research Orissa. It is in this context of these scenarios studies that a rapid screening and strategic assessment 34 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Seed improvement: climate change resource centers. Farmers will be able to make more informed decisions Thus screening of germplasm for multiple stress with the information that reaches through resistance/tolerance becomes one of the fore these strengthened delivery mechanisms. most adaptation strategies. To supplement the effort of suitable variety development/seed 6.1.4 Undertaking capacity-building: improvement, seed production on commercial scale and its quality control is of paramount Climate change is a new challenge that importance as well. It is envisaged to strengthen is confronting the agriculture sector. the production and distribution mechanism Substantive capacity building will be required of quality seeds through establishment/ for primary and secondary stakeholders for strengthening of infrastructure for processing, better management of land and water in storage and quality control (seed testing and the context of climate risks. Technical and enforcement) capacity building support to Community- Based Organizations (CBOs), extension officers

6.1.3 Establishing an effective and farmers will have to be provided on a institutional delivery mechanism to continuous basis. Information dissemination promote best practices on climate on climate change – through the use of the change: Gram Panchayat level Training hubs – will be constantly required. These initiatives will be In the years to come, the agriculture sector implemented across the state. in Orissa needs to constantly cope with implications of climate change. The location, 6.1.5 Continuing the people centric nature and scale of the impacts cannot be livelihood-focused integrated watershed accurately predicted. At the same time, development in rainfed areas: when these impacts occur, there is a need to respond. Therefore, an institutional delivery Climate change is likely to cause high variability mechanism will be established to promote of rainfall, drought,dry spells as well as flash climate change adaptation measures. This floods. At the grassroot implementation level, will be in the nature of strengthening existing the integrated watershed approach is the most delivery mechanisms through the different appropriate way to cope with these changes. executive wings, i.e. Directorates of The approach has a livelihood focus, is people- Agriculture, Horticulture, Soil Conservation centric and is socially inclusive. Both agricultural and Watershed Development Mission. The growth and enhancement of land productivity outcomes of the analysis of weather data is ensured in these rain fed areas that are to identify trends in climate variability and vulnerable to climate variations. Livelihoods related weather-based knowledge services interventions are implemented in the form will reach the farmers through cluster-level of cropping system strategy, pisciculture, Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 35 livestock farming, NTFP marketing and various the state as a measure to cope with pest hazard other land-based income generating activities. using the latest ICT. As a part of the livelihoods intervention, steps are also to be taken to improve the quality 6.1.9 Developing sustainable soil, water of life through improved sanitation and other and crop management practices: health interventions. There is enough evidence In the context of adapting to climate change, of successes in implementing projects under there will be need to improve soil management the Orissa Watershed Development Mission through integrated nutrient management, (OWDM). There will be a continued investment residue incorporation, minimum tillage and in integrated watershed development other related measures. More efficient water programmes in climate sensitive areas and in management will also be required as the furthering their replication across Orissa. 3000 vagaries of weather will make water availability micro watersheds will be taken up for treatment uncertain. In addition, crop management in a phased manner in next five years. practices will also have to be strengthened to cope with drought, reduced submergence

6.1.6 Increasing the area under perennial damage and other climate/weather extremes. fruit plantation : Sustainable agriculture will also include With the predicted increase in the vagaries of suitable crop diversification strategy. Certain climate/weather, the horticulture sector will areas traditionally stronger on organic farming have to be oriented towards perennial fruit should be further strengthened. There will be plantation. Promoting of fruit plantation will appropriate incentive structure for organic also lead to enhancing carbon sinks. Based framing.Under this initiative, all of these on the implementation experience, plans to aspects will be addressed. replicate across other fruit-growing areas of the state will be made. 6.1.10 Breeding studies on major crops for tolerance /resistance:

6.1.7 Developing water use-efficient Increased temperatures, possible micro irrigation methods and individual/ submergence due to floods and occurrence community farm ponds: of drought conditions necessitates breeding Water availability is expected to become studies for tolerance resistance. Under uncertain due to climate change. This will this initiative, research will be conducted require the development of water-use. efficient to identify genotypes of rice, green gram, micro-irrigation methods such as drip irrigation black gram and other agricultural crops that systems and individual/community farm ponds. have specific resistance to multiple stresses. Small natural water bodies will be protected Once these research studies show conclusive and nuttured in the upper catchment area. results, follow-up initiatives to promote the more tolerant varieties will be

6.1.8 Improving monitoring and undertaken. surveillance techniques: Climate change is likely to delay the onset of 6.1.11 Conducting climate-linked monsoons as well as bring greater pest and research studies: disease attacks on crops. Improved monitoring Given the unknowns and uncertainties is therefore required. Deciding on appropriate associated with climate change, research will cropping, strengthening of pest surveillance, be a focus initiative. Research will lead to building response capacity through training, strengthening preparedness to tackle emerging proactive measures for plant protection and scenarios of pests, increased production of introducing appropriate new farming techniques rice seeds under various weather scenarios will be undertaken as a part of this initiative. and establishing climate risk management Steps will be taken for creating massive awarness services and piloting weather-based crop and establishing e-pest Surveillance Syatem in insurance. 36 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan

6.2 Coasts and Disasters Table 6.2: Coasts & Disasters - Key Information S.No. Description

6.2.1 Introduction: 1 Extensive coast line of 480 km. The state of Orissa has a long coastline 2 36% population of the state live in 9 coastal measuring 480 kms, bestowed with rich diversity Districts. of mangroves, sea grasses, salt marshes, sand 3 Two unique coastal wetlands of dunes, estuaries, lagoons, and unique marine International importance i.e. Chilika and and coastal flora and fauna. Chilika and Bhitrakanika are located along the coast. Bhitarkanika are two important coastal wetlands 4 About one third of cyclonic disturbances in and Ramsar sites. Chilika is the largest wintering Bay of Bengal hit Orissa coast. ground of migratory avian species of the Asian 5 Five cyclones in Bay of Bengal each year subcontinent. The largest rookery of Olive Ridley 6 Tsunami threat from the seismic Sea turtles is located at Gahirmatha. These sites disturbances at Indo-Australian plate are full of creeks and swamps that have great boundary ecological and socio-economic significance. The 7 Situated in Zone-3 (Moderate damage coast is also known for highly diverse mangrove risk zone) in Seismic Hazard Map of Vulnerability Atlas of India published by or tidal forests. These are found in the delta Government of India areas of the Mahanadi, Brahmani and Baitarani 8 Floods in 11 major river systems of the rivers, and their tributaries. This unique coastal State including Mahanadi system biodiversity of Orissa is under severe threat due to 9 The coastal ecosystem is vulnerable to various biotic and ecological pressures. Climate global warming and sea level rise. change has the potential to further worsen this Source: OSDMA vulnerability. reduction, relief, restoration, reconstruction and Climate-mediated disasters such as cyclones are other measures. It also coordinates with the line expected to increase in intensity and frequency. departments whose support is required in dealing The Orissa State Disaster Management Authority with various aspects of disaster management. (OSDMA) is the nodal agency for coordinating all This Authority was established after the super disaster management activities. The Authority cyclone in 1999. Over the last decade, OSDMA has the mandate to cover the entire gamut has established itself in preparing for planning of disaster management that includes risk and tackling a range of disasters. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 37 Even though the NAPCC does not have a separate National mission on coastal protection Coasts & Disasters – Key Priorities and disasters, this is vitally important for Orissa  Flood mapping, flood forecasting and as it has a 480 km coast line that comprises rich downscaled climate change projections biodiversity and is also frequently subject to modeling extreme weather events. Key priorities in this  Assessment of erosion prone areas with the sector have been identified and are covered in help of Digital Elevation model the rest of this section.  Studying coastal erosion  Conducting micro-level vulnerability

6.2.2 Coastal Zone Management: assessment  Constructing flood shelters in For sustainable management of the coastal zone unconventionally vulnerable locations of the state, a World Bank assisted Integrated  Needs assessment and constructing Coastal Zone Management Project (2010 – 2015) multipurpose cyclone shelters would be implemented. Orissa Coastal Zone  Developing a hydrological framework Management Authority addresses CRZ issues.  Dredging and river mouth widening to improve flood management

6.2.3 Flood mapping, flood forecasting and  Strengthening coastal protection methods downscaled climate change projections  Developing a techno-legal regime for construction of disaster resilient housing modeling: and public infrastructure  Integrating climate change risk in the With climate change, extreme cyclonic events state’s disaster management policy are expected to increase in frequency and  Setting up an integrated training and intensity. This can lead to flooding of low capacity building protocol laying areas. To prepare for these situations,  Assessment of risks due to lightning and flood modeling - mapping and forecasting thunderstorm – will be extremely useful. This needs to  Improving flash flood management be done through the scaling down of the  Prediction through appropriate modeling global circulation models as pertaining to the impact of sea level rise on coastal the Orissa coast. As a part of this initiative, ecosystem such modeling studies will be undertaken.  Study of impact of global warming on the Once in place, these models will be used to biodiversity of coastal ecosystem with strengthen preparedness. In addition to this, special emphasis on flagship species the traditional knowledge of adaptation will be documented and incoporated. 38 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan

6.2.4 Assessment of erosion prone areas is being predicted. In that context, capacity with the help of Digital Elevation model: building of the community to face the changing Parts of Orissa Coast are vulnerable to erosion. weather patterns is required as a part of climate Sea level rise, extreme weather events and change adaptation. This will be accomplished storm surges are expected due to climate under this initiative. change. These may worsen the coastal erosion. It is in this context that the assessment of 6.2.8 Needs assessment and constructing erosion prone areas using the Digital Elevation multipurpose cyclone shelters: Model will be done. More precision is required Through projects like World Bank aided National in identifying the erosion-prone areas and also Cyclone Rehabilitation and Management and in determining appropriate methods to protect Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project these areas. This assessment will be done (Orissa), construction of multipurpose cyclone in identified erosion-prone areas. Once the shelters in the cyclone prone areas of the state assessment is done and appropriate methods are is being taken up. Provision of emergency determined, capacity building and awareness equipment to the cyclone shelters and generation of the coastal communities will strengthening of the capacity of local people also be undertaken along with appropriate for disaster management are envisaged in the mitigation measures. projects.

6.2.5 Studying coastal erosion: 6.2.9 Developing a hydrological Increasing coastal erosion due to sea level rise framework: and related sea behaviour is already seen along Water is a central to climate change the coast of Orissa (e.g. Lessons from Satabhaya, adaptation issue. In this regard, developing Pentha). To gain a better understanding of the of a hydrological framework is required. micro and meso-level effects, a special study Identification, protection and rejuvenation will be done. This will focus on the coastal of traditional water bodies, natural drainage settlements and public infrastructure (e.g. channels and moribund river channels will roads). Based on the outcome of this study, be necessary. Ground water conservation/ further plans will be made to address coastal replenishment through a watershed based erosion problem. approach will be taken up. All this would be done under the overall hydrological

6.2.6 Conducting micro-level vulnerability framework. assessment: Different assets like housing, public infrastructure, 6.2.10 Dredging and river mouth widening agriculture land and livelihood of people likely to improve flood management: to be affected due to extreme weather events Erratic and intense pattern of rainfall/ that climate change is expected to induce. precipitation due to climate change is likely to Also, socio-economic implications for different worsen the flood and water logging situation. population groups will have to be considered. Dredging and widening of river mouths which In this regard, a micro-level vulnerability is essential to facilitate efficient discharge assessment will be conducted on a pilot basis. of floodwater to the sea would address this Based on the outcome of such a vulnerability problem. Under this initiative, locations will assessment, further planning for the entire state be identified for dredging and river mouth will be initiated. widening.

6.2.7 Constructing flood shelters in 6.2.11 Strengthening coastal protection unconventionally vulnerable locations: methods: In general, one would not expect traditionally The natural vegetation shelterbelt plantation dry areas to have floods and water logging. and mangroves act as a bio-shield for protection However, with climate change, the possibility of coastal area, there is need for further of such extreme swings in weather conditions expanding these entities. Changes in cropping Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 39 patterns in the coastal districts will also need due to lightnings and thunderstorms. There is to be kept in view. Utilization of traditional possibility of increase of frequency of lightning knowledge and adaptive mechanisms already and thunderstorm due to climate change. Under available with the community, need to be this initiative, an elaborate scientific study would institutionalized in a systematic way to assist in be carried out for taking appropriate measures. adapting to climate change. Exsiting mangrove area would be expanded within a specified time 6.2.16 Improving flash flood frame. management:

6.2.12 Developing a techno-legal regime Climate change is expected to bring heavy, intense for construction of disaster resilient and unexpected precipitation that will cause flash housing and public infrastructure: floods. Under this initiative, potential locations for possible occurrence of flash floods will be Occurrence of more frequent and more intense identified across the state. Wherever viable, extreme weather events – predicted due to check dams will be constructed to contain flash climate change – is bound to have negative flooding in high gradient river basins. impacts on housing and public infrastructure. This can be due to extreme events, flooding 6.2.17 Prediction through appropriate of non-flood prone areas and coastal erosion. modeling the impact of sea level rise on To manage these impacts on properties, a coastal ecosystem: techno-legal regime is required for disaster- resilient construction. This will be developed The predicted sea level rise due to climate under this initiative. change has the potential to impact adversely on the unique coastal ecosystems. Research

6.2.13 Integrating climate change risk in studies will be done using appropriate modeling the state’s disaster management policy: to generate different scenarios pertaining to Chilika. This will include the prediction of Climate change is expected to induce more the changed salinity regime, salinity flushing, frequent and more intense extreme weather upstream breeding migration, impact on the events. In this context, the existing disaster lake fishery and biodiversity through modeling. management policy needs to be strengthened Possible changes in the migration trends through to deal with them. Under this initiative, a the inlet of Chilika will also be studied as 75 robust framework with a proactive and multi- percent fish fauna of Chilika Lake are migratory hazard approach to disaster management will in nature. be developed.

6.2.18 Study of impact of global warming

6.2.14 Setting up an integrated training on the biodiversity of coastal ecosystem and capacity building protocol: with special emphasis on flagship species: Climate change implications require an integrated response. To enable such a response, There is a likelihood of climate change impacting integrated training and capacity building will the unique mangroves – a flagship biodiversity be required for this. An integrated protocol will species - of coastal Orissa. With a focus on be necessary. Raising awareness of community the Bhitarkanika mangrove system, modeling and stakeholders on the coping mechanisms studies will be done to predict the impact on would be done under this initiative. the mangrove diversity. Using the findings of these studies, further biodiversity conservation

6.2.15 Assessment of risks due to lightning measures will be planned to protect the flagship and thunderstorm : species from climate change impacts. There is a marked increase in frequency iof death 40 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Table 6.3: Energy–Demand & Supply

6.3 Energy Year Demand Supply/ Transmission of power Generation of & Distribution

6.3.1 Introduction: (MW) power (MW) Loss % Since the state’s economy is growing at a 2003-04 1422 1815 40.75 faster pace ,its energy needs will be rising 2004-05 1488 2025 39.21 significantly over the coming decade. Presently, 2005-06 1631 2261 39.59 the average demand for energy is about 2,500 2006-07 1792 2154 38.57 MW and the peak demand is about 3,200 MW. 2007-08 2064 2390 37.48 In the next 2-3 years, the average demand is 2008-09 2256 2289 37.50 likely to increase by another 1,500 MW and the 2009-10 2550 2260 NA total average demand will be 4,000 MW. This 2010-11 2600 2250 NA additional demand is due to extending grid (approx) connectivity to most of non-grid locations. In parallel, the demand from industry - a key Source: Energy Department component of the rapid development process- will also increase significantly. To meet the growing needs, GoO is taking steps to generate more power. The installed generation capacity is about 2,965 MW with hydel being about 2,085 MW and thermal (coal) being about 880 MW. In the next 5 years, another 4,000 MW will be added so as to meet the average demand in the same time frame. In the last 2-3 years, as many as 27 MOUs have been signed for an additional 35,000 MW. In more thermal (coal)-based power. In fact, the addition, NTPC is planning 3 power plants hydel power will become a small proportion (total of 7720 MW) for their national grid and of the overall mix. This will cause substantive three ultra-mega power plants (total of 12,000 stress on the local environment and natural MW). The state government through its own resources, particularly water. Apart from PSUs is planning to add 3120 MW. As things are water, there will also be a huge generation proceeding on course, about 58,000 MWs of of fly ash, which is already causing a major power are likely to be generated in the next 7-8 disposal problem. years.In the coming decade, the present mix of more hydel power will change significantly to Transmission and distribution losses are one of Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 41 the highest in the country. It is estimated that between 600-900 MW of power can be saved. Energy – Key Priorities Stoppage of these losses will go a long way  Generating cleaner energy through clean in meeting the present demand – supply gap coal approaches and in establishing sound energy management  Institutional development of the Energy practices. Also, promoting energy – efficiency Department and demand side management in the user  Reducing transmission and distribution industries can also bring about a saving of about (T & D) losses 500 MW.  Promoting demand side management (DSM) and energy efficiency Of renewable energy, hydro power is presently  Encouraging effective fly ash utilization the largest contributor of power in the state. and emission reduction About 70 percent of the overall power production  Promoting of small and medium hydel in the state and for the state is hydro power. plants However, further hydro power development  Harnessing the biomass potential  Promotion of grid based wind power has lagged behind. There is potential for more generation medium scale hydro power (90-150 MW per  Maximizing solar power generation unit) and also for small hydro (10-25 MW per  Developing bio fuels unit). The potential is about 2,400 MW and 150-200 MW respectively. At present 57 MW is generated from small hydel plants in the state and rest have not yet been harnessed. Solar PV power and wind power also have the potential 6.3.2 Generating cleaner energy through of 1,40,000 MW and 1,70,000 MW respectively. clean coal approaches: Only some pilots have been done so far. There Moving to clean coal approaches will reduce is also potential for bio-mass based power, carbon emissions and requires a shift in the policy municipal solid & liquid waste –based power. framework. The following policy initiatives will These are estimated to have the potential for be implemented: (i) Switch over from sub- 350 MW, 12 MW and 8 MW respectively. There are critical technology to super-critical technology about 4,000 villages in the State, which need to by which coal consumption will reduce from 1 have power from renewable energy sources as MT to 0.88 MT per MWh and increase in plant these villages cannot be connected by grid. efficiency from 37 percent to 42 percent, (ii) Encourage more gas-based Combined Cycle The energy sector in Orissa (both state supply and Power Plants where CO2 emission is 0.46 and captive power) is going to be a large contributor which can be reduced to 0.25 per MWh, (iii) to the carbon dioxide emissions. Assuming about Washed coal to be used by the Independent 60,000 MW of power generation by 2020 and 5 Power Producers (IPP) and Captive Power million tons of carbon per 1,000 MW, the local Producers (CPP) for the generation of power carbon emissions will be 300 million tons of if ash content in coal exceed 40 percent, (iv) carbon per year. Over a 30-year period, this will Use of fluidized bed boiler and coal gasification. be about 9 billion tons of carbon. Recognizing This will utilize the mines’ rejects and washery this situation on the one side and realizing rejects for power generation, (v) Improvement that energy is vital to meet the development of boiler efficiency through combustion needs, GoO will proceed on a carbon-conscious optimization by installation of dynamic coal development path as well as capping of the flow balancing system with continuous online thermal power generation within the state after residual carbon analyser in the boilers, (vi) working out the carrying capacity. Key priorities Promoting merchant power plants in existing were identified and these constitute the rest of industrial units with variable Power Purchase this section. Agreement option, (vii) Develop state level 42 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan energy efficiency standards for various sectors 6.3.4 Reducing Transmission and adopting Energy Conservation Building Code Distribution (T&D) losses: (ECBC) and (viii) Existing thermal power plants The reduction of T & D losses will continue to to conduct Life Cycle Analysis of their plants be a focus for reducing carbon emissions. An as per CEA benchmark and implementation of operational plan for the targeted reduction of rehabilitation and modernization measures to losses (estimated to be 40%) due to pilferage improve the efficiency. and outdated systems will be developed. This will include the augmentation of T & D

6.3.3 Institutional development of the infrastructure and investment plan, enhancing Energy Department: present practices for improved load management To meet the rising challenges, both capacity and feasibility study of evacuation corridors. building and restructuring of the Energy Department will be required for implementing 6.3.5 Promoting Demand Side Management policies and conducting studies. This will include (DSM) and energy efficiency: the following: (i) Functional reorganization and DSM and energy efficiency will reduce the capacity building of the Energy Department demand for energy and therefore reduce including the Energy Conservation Cell, Orissa carbon emissions. Under this initiative, a Electricity Regulation Commission (OERC), comprehensive policy and plan to save energy Orissa Renewable Energy Development Agency use in order to reduce the demand–supply (OREDA), creation of separate cell for small gap and contribute towards climate change & medium hydel plants to have a coherent abatement will be done. This will include road map to achieve efficient functioning and the following activities: (i) Implementation implementation of energy efficiency, energy of utility level DSM measures, (ii) Awareness conservation, promotion of renewable energy, Generation for Energy Conservation, (iii) (ii) Integrated super critical (660 MW) IPP Policy Promotion and implementation of the National (Coal Washeries, Fly Ash based cement and brick Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s adopting the plants) with a minimum unit size for the purpose ECBC for widespread adoption in the state to of IPP/MPP, which should not be less than 300 reduce the energy consumption in buildings, MW to achieve minimum standards of efficiency, and (iv) For proper energy monitoring, capacity (iii) Revised RPO based on the changing load mix building of energy auditors, strengthening of and assessment of evacuation Infrastructure, (iv) existing Energy Conservation Cell under the Conducting a study for determining the state’s Energy Department supported with manpower emission intensity, (v) Develop an operational and infrastructure. plan for the Fund that will get revenue for the sale of power that is exported, (vi) It is proposed 6.3.6 Encouraging effective fly ash to introduce green cess @ 1 paise/unit for LT utilization and emission reduction: and 5 paise/unit for HT and EHT, (vii) Feasibility For effective fly ash utilization and study for the establishment of coal-based emission reduction (both carbon and thermal power plants along coast of Orissa, particulates) from power plants, there is use of saline water and dedicated rail corridor a necessity of capacity building of State for coal transportation to be conducted, (viii) Pollution Control Board. Under this initiative, Feasibility of implementing emerging clean coal the following policy actions/studies will be technologies through pilot projects in Orissa and done: (i) Compiling information from the (ix) Training of the members of working group or several studies and initiatives that have their representatives of different departments been done on fly ash and developing an and organizations on sector specific climate operational plan for effective utilization of change issues. All of these have a direct or fly ash, and (ii) Installing of equipment at indirect bearing on the carbon emissions from the IPPs/CPPs for Nitrous Oxides (NOx) this sector. reduction. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 43 a detailed feasibility study for scoping biomass- based project, (iii) Developing a biomass supply chain involving agro, agro industrial and other biomass resources including dedicated energy plantation, (iv) Promoting biomass based gasifiers project in agro based industries, (v) Raising awareness, (vi) creating a conducive scenario for investment and (vii) implement demonstration/pilot projects if required.

6.3.9 Promotion of grid based wind power generation: Like any other renewable source, carbon emissions

6.3.7 Promoting small and medium hydel will be reduced through the commensurate plants: reduction of conventional power use. Under Promoting hydel power will reduce dependence this initiative, wind resource assessment will on thermal power and therefore bring about be done, areas will be developed as wind carbon emission reduction. This initiative will be farms, a promotional policy framework will be mostly location specific, i.e. hydel power plants developed, demonstration projects established will be established wherever the resources and and hybrid wind-solar plants on degraded hill conditions are favourable. At present, about slopes along with greenbelt development will 118 micro, mini and small hydro projects (up be explored. The required activities such as pre- to 25 MW) have been identified on canal drops investment studies, infrastructure development and run of the river sites with a total capacity and promotional awareness generation activities of about 350 MW. Besides there are several will be done. locations where off-grid hydel power plants can be located to supply energy to surrounding

6.3.10 Maximizing solar power villages. This initiative will undertake a range generation: of activities that will promote hydel power To the extent of solar power is used, the use plants: (i) Identification of sites for both on of coal-based power and therefore carbon grid and off grid applications, (ii) Survey and emissions will be reduced. Hence adequate investigation, (iii) Preparation of pre-feasibility incentives would be provided for the same. reports, (iv) Selection of entrepreneurs, (v) Under this initiative, the state will promote Creating an enabling policy framework for both solar photovoltaic as well as solar thermal. providing clearances, (vi) Building capacity of An increase in the market penetration of stand- Government by creating a separate cell under alone solar systems for use by institutions, Energy Department and capacity building of stakeholder organizations, (vii) Establishing demonstration/pilot projects if required and (viii) Promoting investment projects.

6.3.8 Harnessing the biomass potential: Promoting on-grid and off-grid biomass power projects will reduce the use of coal based power and hence lower carbon emissions. Under this initiative, the following will be done to harness the biomass potential to the maximum: (i) Study of the existing policy and develop investment friendly policy to promote additional biomass application, (ii) Conducting 44 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan communities and individuals is proposed. All Karanja (Pongamia) and Polanga (Canophyllum the thermal power plants should be obliged Inophyllum) without compromising food to develop solar power at 1% of their power production to be harvested and oil extracted generation capacity. A range of activities – prior to making them available for blending. required promotional policy initiatives, survey Under this initiative, the different activities and investigation studies to identify appropriate relevant to promoting establishment of more sites, feasibility reports, demonstration biogas plants, the supply chain for bio fuels will projects, awareness and capacity building, and be done. This will include the identification strengthening the manufacturing base will be of land for cultivation, building the capacity done. This will also consider generating solar of the farmers/entrepreneurs for raising power in the overburden dumps of open cast plantations, promoting the establishing of oil coal mines. All of these will lead to generating extracting units and linking up with the blending more solar power in the state. infrastructure.

6.3.11 Developing bio fuels: In energy sector total 42 comprehensive list of Blending of conventional fuels with bio-fuels will action points have been prepared and placed lead to reduce fuel use and therefore carbon at Annexure. For Preparing the climate change emissions. Capacity of biogas production in the action plan which is presently designed to be state needs to be enhanced. implemented within next five years, only 10 key priority areas have been chosen. Rest of To enhance the capacity of generation of the action points shall be considered in the bio-fuel, seeds of oil bearing species like next phases in future based on priority level. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 45

6.4 Fisheries and Animal Resources Table 6.4: Fisheries and Animal Resources - Key Statistics

6.4.1 Introduction: S.No. Description / Particulars A Fisheries Sector Animal husbandry provides livelihood support to A1 Coastal Fisheries a large number of people living in rural areas. 1 Coast line 480 kms This promotes rural incomes and does not 2 Continental 24,000 Sq.kms require much infrastructure and capital for its shelf area sustainability. The key climate-related concern 3 MSY 160,931 Million T/annum is methane emissions due to livestock rearing. (Continental Shelf area ) The livestock are largely fed through grazing, i.e. 4 Marine 1,73,197 natural feeds. Given the paucity of grazing land, fishermen there is a trend towards concentrated feeds. A2 Inland Fishery The level of methane emissions from livestock 5 Culture in Water Production Current living on concentrated feeds is significantly tank and pond spread potential production higher than those fed through natural grazing. area Given the relatively higher global warming 1.18 2.59 1.33 million million million potential, this shift to concentrated feeds could ha tonnes tonnes be significant in terms of emissions. In addition, 6 Total fish 2,89,210 M.T. the prevailing livestock practices are such that production of the generation of methane emissions is not the State arrested. The other concern of the state is that 7 Import 35,706 M.T. there is a large population of unproductive 8 Export 81,569 M.T. livestock. Due to the religious/cultural ethos, 9 Inland 6,61,477 fishermen the unproductive livestock are retained over 10 Total 8,34,674 their entire life cycle. The methane emissions fishermen from the unproductive livestock is also a B Animal Resources Sector concern. 1 Cattle 1,42,80,559 population of Orissa is endowed with water resources in the Orissa form of reservoirs with high inland fisheries 2 Total Live 2,40,22,206 stock potential. There is immense potential both population of in closed water bodies, e.g. ponds and tanks Orissa (freshwater and brackish), as well as open water Source: Fisheries and Animal Resources Sector 46 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan bodies like reservoirs, rivers, estuaries, lakes, lagoons, canals and swamps for sustainable and Fisheries and Animal Resources – successful aquaculture. In addition, it has a 480 Key Priorities km coast line with potential for brackish and  Vaccination against contagious diseases, marine water fishery.  Deworming and early disease warning system, emphasis on Green fodder, pasture development and grazing, Fishery outputs contribute to the food and  Training on fodder production, fodder nutritional security of the coastal community. conservation, rotational grazing, Rain However, fish production in Orissa is among the Water harvest technology, Methane gas lowest in the coastal states even though the state harvesting technology, biogas tanks has immense potential. Being water dependent, management the fisheries sector will be impacted by climate  Conservation of local hardy animals. change.Erratic rainfall is relevant in the context  Gobar Gas tanks/packing to cylinders of open reservoirs and ponds / tanks, where  Easy and handy Methane Harvest at as risk in sea level and the climate-mediated farmers point hazards is relevant in the context of coastal  Enhancing Disease Early Warning Systems fishing which will influence the reservoirs and with climate change considerations impact fisheries livelihoods. The global warming  Application of biotechnology and skilled can affect the spawning and breeding migration animal breeding for development of better adopted species of the fish.  Capacity building of livestock keepers  Research on disease early warning system Key priorities identified in this sector are relevant to livestock covered in this section.  Impact of climate change on inland and coastal aquaculture

6.4.2 Continuing ongoing programmes -  Development of infrastructure for early vaccination, green fodder development, warning systems in coastal areas for training / capacity building and fishermen conservation of local animals: Climate change will have implications to the animal husbandry sector as a whole. Therefore, gobar gas in cylinders like CNG will be piloted the ongoing programmes in animal husbandry and scaled up. This initiative will be taken will incorporate climate change considerations. as a collaborative initiative of the Energy These include (i) vaccination against contagious Department and the other relevant agencies diseases, (ii) deworming and early disease like OREDA, KVIC etc. warning system, emphasis on Green fodder, pasture development and grazing, (iii) Training on fodder production, fodder conservation, rotational grazing, Rain Water harvest technology, Methane gas harvesting technology, biogas tanks management and (iv) conservation of local hardy animals.

6.4.3 Gobar Gas tanks/packing to cylinders: Methane from livestock is a greenhouse gas. Having a large greenhouse gas potential, capturing its release and ensuring their use will result in reducing the net emissions. Under this initiative, compressing and packing Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 47

6.4.4 Easy and handy Methane Harvest at farmers point: Capturing methane at the point of its generation and introducing harvesting technologies involve revamping the operational practices. This needs to be done across the state. As a part of this initiative, easy and handy methane harvesting technologies and practices will be introduced on a pilot basis in selected farmer locations. Based on the experiences, plans for statewide replication would be formulated.

6.4.5 Climate linkd disease surveillance system: Changes in climate can lead to the occurrence of new diseases for which greater vigil is required. Under this initiative, an enhanced disease early warning system will be put in place. There are several ongoing research prgrams for diseases and climate cause-effect relationship. This will be studied and examined in the context of Orissa. link in fishery and poultry sectors. The training

6.4.6 Application of biotechnology and will need to cover fodder production, fodder skilled animal breeding for development conservation, rotational grazing, rainwater of better adapted species: harvest technology, methane gas harvesting To adapt to climate-induced concerns such technology and biogas tank management. This as disease outbreaks, there is a need develop will be hands-on training that will also include more hardy species. Conservation of genetic self-execution. About 2,000 farmers will be pool of local hardy animals will form a part of trained every year and about 10,000 farmers the approach towards breeding management. over a 5-year period. Mapping and documentation of local hardy animals will form the basis for formulating the 6.4.8 Research on disease early warning breeding strategies. Application of biotechnology system relevant to livestock: and skilled animal breeding practices will also be done. All of these will constitute this Climate change may have implications for initiative, which will be done in targeted areas livestock development in the state through to begin with. Based on the results, this will be the outbreak of diseases. To reduce the expanded to other areas within the state. magnitude of casualties, there is a need to better understand the inter-linkage between

6.4.7 Capacity building of livestock weather / climate variations and diseases. Data keepers: will be collected, models will be developed and In the context of climate change, a range analysis will be made to determine the linkage. of capacity development training would be Under this initiative, a particular area will be required to re-orient livestock keepers to more selected for closer study / research. Based on responsible practices. This can be extended to the outcomes, the relevance of the findings will other para professionals identified as critical be extrapolated to across the state. 48 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan

6.4.9 Impact of climate change on inland the coastal fisherman, there is a need to receive and coastal aquaculture: information so that they can plan their fishing activities better and also take measures to State-wide management methods of marine protect their properties. Under this initiative, fishery resources will have to be reviewed through the early warning systems will be improved to a climate change lens. There is likelihood of safeguard their lives and properties. changes in fishing grounds and migratory habits due to climate change. The hatchery would be 6.4.11 Welfare Scheme for Coastal affected due to rise in ambient temperature. Fishermen: Management methods need to be adapted to suit the climate- induced scenarios. Under this The coastal fishermen are covered under welfare initiative, such a study will be done to modify schemes like savings cum relief scheme, group and strengthen management methods. insurance, housing, etc. The costal fishermen are specially covered under the Centrally

6.4.10 Development of infrastructure for Sponsored “ National Scheme of Welfare of early warning systems in coastal areas for Fishermen.”Awareness about existing insurance fishers: products are low and this should be addressed in Climate change is expected to result in more a campiagn mode and new risk transfer products frequent and more intense coastal hazards. For can be lunched in vulnerable areas. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 49

6.5 Forestry Forestry sector is particularly important both from mitigation as well as adaptation perspectives.

6.5.1 Introduction: Reducing emissions from deforestation, building The State has a total recorded forest area of larger carbon stocks/ sinks through afforestation 58,140 sq km. Out of this, there is forest cover and reforestation pertain to mitigation. Planting (above 10% canopy density) over 48,855 sq mangroves along the coastal belts, and doing km, which is about 31 percent of the state’s forest plantations as part of soil and water geographical area. It has dense forest (canopy conservation in watersheds pertain to climate cover more than 40%) of 28,467 sq km and open adaptation. Irrigation catchment area treatment forest (canopy cover 10 to 40%) of 20,388 sq including plantation, should be a priority. km. As is true across India, there is tremendous pressure on the forests. On the one hand, Availability of funds from CAMPA has enhanced addressing climate change will add to these the allocation in the forest sector, which has pressures and forest management will become a enabled substantially larger programmes on greater challenge. On the other hand, addressing afforestation and protection measures. climate change could also serve as an excellent opportunity to arrest forest degradation and Under the NAPCC, there is a separate National develop more forest cover (and carbon stocks/ Mission for a Green India. This mission sinks) through protection, afforestation and recognizes that forests constitute one of the reforestation measures. most effective carbon sinks, and also that they Table 6.5: Forests Cover in Orissa (Area in Sq kms) Year Very Dense Moderately Open Mangrove Total Scrub Tree Dense Dense Cover 1997 26101 20629 211 46941 5461 1999 26073 20745 215 47033 5489 2001 27972 20866 219 48838 5782 2003 288 27882 20196 203 48366 5346 6381 2005 7077 21421 20257 217 48755 4797 4589 2007 7073 21394 20388 221 48855 4852 4435 Source: State of Forests Report 50 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan play an indispensable role in the preservation of ecological balance and maintenance of Forestry – Key Priorities biodiversity. Orissa’s key priorities are in line  Increasing reforestation / afforestation with this National Mission. The rest of this activities in degraded forest areas section focuses on these key priorities.  Protecting existing forest stocks to act as carbon sink with stronger conservation

6.5.2 Increasing reforestation/  Increasing planting on non-forest land and afforestation activities in degraded forest also exploring where new and increased areas: tree planting could create barriers to There is tremendous potential to increase the storm and cyclone impacts in coastal carbon stock within the state. The canopy zones density of open and degraded forest of about  Covering bald-hills with suitable species 20, 000 sq km can be increased through assisted mix natural regeneration. In addition, there is  Increasing and protecting existing about 10,000 sq km of forest land devoid of any mangrove cover along the coast forest growth. Such land can be identified and  Assessing fire management strategies brought under forest cover. In total, there will  Improving tree planting and forest be reforestation/ afforestation over 30,000 sq management to integrate with km. In 2010, it is targeted to cover 2,500 sq km watersheds and water resources under this programme and 12,500 sq km will be management covered in the next 5 years.  Working to establish new systems to support for community users.

6.5.3 Protecting existing forest stocks  Undertaking studies on indigenous trees to act as carbon sink with stronger species to assess their vulnerability to conservation: climate change Protecting existing forest cover/carbon stocks  Assessing additional threats to biodiversity is as important as undertaking reforestation/ and wildlife afforestation. Recent Forest Survey of India  Obtaining access to updated knowledge (FSI) statistics revealed an increase of 100 sq on climate change science and policy km of forest cover in two years’ period from developments 2005 to 2007. This is the result of stronger  Capacity building of Panchayati Raj protection measures and people participation institutions/communities/JFM institutions in forest conservation. These activities are to adapt to climate change to be continued with renewed vigor. All the  Monitoring carbon stock and biodiversity current working plans will be revisited with at regular intervals a climate change lens.Emphasis will be on Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 51 mixed and qualitative forest, so that it will be Such lands are available in Ganjam district, a carbon sink and not a carbon source. Carbon Koraput, Rayagada, Kalahandi, Kandhamal, accounting at the beginning and end of the Gajapati, Nayagarh, Bolangir, Khurda and plan period will be integrated. Prescriptions for others. These are very difficult sites to raise increased carbon stock will be formulated with plantations. Under this initiative, 5 sq km stronger protection measures and community of bald-hills will be covered each year and participation. 25 sq. km in 5 years. However, care should be taken to discourage monoculture of species

6.5.4 Increasing planting on non-forest during normal and compensatory plantations. land and also exploring where new and increased tree planting could create 6.5.6 Increasing and protecting existing barriers to storm and cyclone impacts in mangrove cover along the coast: coastal zones: Mangroves act as excellent barriers against There is vast scope for increasing the carbon climate-induced extreme weather events stock by increasing planting on non-forest land such as cyclonic storms. Its protective role such as orchards, trees on farm lands, roadside was evident in the super cyclone of 1999. plantation, canal bank and irrigation projects. While serving as a protection to humans, this In addition, there is a 480 km coast line and unique coastal ecosystem in itself is the most shelterbelt plantations can protect against threatened because of climate change. It also storms, cyclone and shifting sand dunes along acts as a carbon stock. Orissa has 221 sq km the coast. Under this initiative, tree planting on of mangrove in the districts of Kendrapada, these non-forest lands will be undertaken. Bhadrak, Jagatsinghpur, Balasore and Puri. Under this initiative, the area under plantation

6.5.5 Covering bald-hills with suitable will be increased and potential mangrove areas species mix: will be protected. Mangrove seebanks will also Scrub lands across Orissa are mostly bald- be developed. 42 sq km of open and degraded hills devoid of any appreciable forest growth. mangrove areas will be restocked with 52 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan planting and assisted natural regeneration. community participation will be introduced. With change in climate and sea salinity, there will be changes in species mix of mangroves in 6.5.8 Improving tree planting and forest its habitats and it will affect the marine and management to integrate with watersheds terrestrial biodiversity. Undert this initiative, and water resources management: it is also proposed to establish a mangrove Climate change will make weather less study centre, which will take up research on predictable, rains more uncertain and heavy mangroves and associated biodiversity vis-à- storm rainfalls more likely. Soil and water vis climate change. conservation measures in watersheds will be taken up to control runoff, to conserve water

6.5.7 Assessing fire management and to harvest (excess) water. Some of the strategies: measures indicated here are drainage line Forest fires are recognized to be a major treatment, contour trenches, check dams, cause of degradation of Orissa’s forests percolation tanks, planting pits, etc. in the even though statistical data on fire loss are forested areas of the State. Improved tree weak. With the change in climate there will planting will be taken up to conserve soil and be increased forest fires as warmer climate moisture. means more fires, and more fires mean more greenhouse gases. It is therefore necessary to 6.5.9 Working to establish new systems assess fire management strategies of Orissa to support for user community: in the face of climate change. Under this Climate change will be exacerbating the initiative, a strategy of fire forecasting, fire pressures on forest. In that context, it is prevention and fire fighting will be developed. required to reduce the pressures those caused Modern technologies will be increasingly used communities dependance on Non -Timber to locate fire and in fire forecasting. Based Forest Produce (NTFP). Under this initiative, it on satellite imageries fire risk zones will be is proposed to enhance capacity of communities prioritized and monitored. Incentive-based to manage, to store under ambient conditions, Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 53 to provide institutional credit and to create success and increased competition from alternative market options (based on market exotics (vegetation, insects, and diseases). A information). It is important to analyze the risk suitable species conservation plan needs to be to NTFP due to climate change and sustainable formulated. Strengthening the resilience of risk transfer mechanism through the sustainable plants and wildlife through the development forest management plan. of protected areas and wildlife habitat is necessary. The risk of floods, landslides, erosion

6.5.10 Undertaking studies on indigenous and loss of ecosystem services will largely be tree species to assess their vulnerability reduced. As elephants require much larger to climate change: areas of natural forest range than many other Climate change is expected to have significant terrestrial mammals, they are often the first impacts on forest ecosystems. It is necessary species to suffer the consequences of climate to evaluate the long-term effects of climate change. It is, therefore, proposed to maintain change on forests and determine what to do connectivity by linking forest fragmentations now and in the future to respond to this threat. in a varied and dynamic landscape. There will A high priority will be coping with and adapting be continuous monitoring of the ecosystem to forest disturbance while maintaining the to determine when and what changes are genetic diversity and resilience of forest occurring so as to take steps suitable for the ecosystems. Research studies to address the conservation of biodiversity. issues of adaptation concerning tree genotypes particularly indigenous tree species suitable to 6.5.12 Obtaining access to updated Orissa will be undertaken. knowledge on climate change science and policy developments:

6.5.11 Assessing additional threats to Climate change is likely to impact significantly biodiversity and wildlife: forests and forest-dependent communities. Climate change poses a threat to wildlife In this context, a number of management because many species may be unable to tolerate questions must be addressed, e.g., (1) What the weather changes. Due to extreme weather research must be done now to aid development conditions, there will be increased disturbance of strategies for adapting to climate change? through fire and insects, reduced regeneration (2) What are the educational needs of the 54 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan forestry community to increase awareness on Development Committees have been climate change, and to facilitate adaptation? empowered through Joint Forest Management (3) What do we need to know to evaluate forest Resolutions to protect forests adjoining the response to climate change? (4) What forest villages . Many of the protection, conservation management actions could be taken now that and regeneration activities are being taken does not compromise future responses? (5) up through active participation of the JFM What barriers exist to implementing adaptation committees. The control of Non Timber in forest management? (6) What kind of forest Forest Produce (NTFP) has been transferred policies need to be in place to facilitate to the Panchayats. They are expected to play adaptation? (7) Are current monitoring systems a larger role in value addition, marketing and adequate to spot problems induced by climate employment generation in this sector. To change soon enough to allow implementation integrate climate change considerations, it is of an acceptable response? (8) Which forest required to sensitize and build capacity of JFM ecosystems and species will have to adapt committees and Panchayati Raj Institutions. autonomously and where can we intervene to Under this initiative, a series of trainings and assist adaptation? awareness generation programmes will be undertaken. Whereever voluntary initiatives To deliberate on these questions and to protect forests exists those would be strive to determine appropriate answers, recognised and strengthened. it is necessary to sensitize the front line managers, policy makers and essentially 6.5.14 Monitoring carbon stock and staff at all levels of the Forest Department. biodiversity at regular intervals: This capacity building will be done to develop strategy to adapt to climate change Monitoring of carbon stock and biodiversity at as part of a sustainable forest management regular intervals is necessary to gauge the success plan. This initiative will be integrated of the various programmes implemented. Under with the proposed Orissa State Forest this initiative, developing a new and independent Academy. organization – a forest monitoring agency - under the Forest department will be undertaken.

6.5.13 Capacity building of JFM & Roles, responsibilities, authorities and resources CFM Committees and Panchayati Raj for this new and independent organization will Institutions to adapt to climate change: be formulated; and the organization will be The Vana Samrakhsyana Samitis and Eco- made operational. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 55

6.6 Health Table 6.6: Health Sector in Orissa - Vital Statistics S.No. Indicator description Data

6.6.1 Introduction: 1 Crude Birth Rate 22.7 per 1000 Climate change will cause a range of adverse (2004-SRS) population impact on human health .These include 2 Crude Death Rate 9.6 per 1000 morbidity and mortality due to increased (2004-RS) population heat, air pollution effects, impacts of post- extreme events, malnutrition, water-borne 3 Infant Mortality rate 65 per 1000 live diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, typhoid (NFHS-3) birth and gastroenteritis, and vector-borne diseases 4 Infant Mortality Rate 40 per 1000 live such as malaria and dengue. Orissa has already (Urban) birth a combination of all of these human health- 5 Infant Mortality Rate 69 per 1000 live related issues. And, climate change is likely to (Rural) birth exacerbate them. Changes in temperature and 6 Natural Growth Rate 13.1% rainfall are likely to change disease patterns of (2004-SRS) the vector borne diseases such as malaria and 7 Total Fertility Rate 2.4 dengue fever. Food production may be adversely (NFHS-3) affected and create pockets of hunger and 8 Couple Protection 50.7% malnutrition. With the likely increase in the Rate (NFHS-3) intensity and frequency of extreme weather 9 Life Expectancy at 61.64 years events, there may be significant post-event Birth (1996-2001) human health issues to reckon. Though the 10 Maternal Mortality 358 per 1,00,000 NAPCC does not identify human health as a Rate (2004-SRS) live births separate National Mission, GoO will focus on 11 Perinatal Mortality 65.3 per 1000 live climate change implications on human health. Rate (1997-SRS) & still births Key priorities have been identified and are 12 Crude Birth Rate 22.7 per 1000 briefly described in this section. (2004-SRS) population

6.6.2 Capacity Building to meet the Source: Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Orissa Website, 2010 challenges of climate change on both adaptation and mitigation aspects: Climate change interlelationship in health resilience and enhancing psychological aid to sector is a new area. There is a need to build disaster victims would be part of this exercise. capacity within the health sector institutions on both mitigation and adaptation aspects. As 6.6.3 Integrating climate change the implications of climate change on health considerations in the State Health Policy: is expected to be widespread, strengthening Health impacts due to climate change are awareness, knowledge and skills at all levels presently not included in the State Health across the state will be required. This capacity Policy. This policy should include climate change building initiative will work towards this goal. implications on health such as occupational health and vector biology. Once the integration Advocacy and sensitization of policy makers, is done at the policy level, it will be easier to massive general awareness campaigns, integrate those at the programmatic and other sensitization of the health service providers operating levels. (ANMs, ASHA, AYUSH, Doctors, AWW), strengthening the curriculum of ANMs, Health 6.6.4 Strengthening approaches to manage workers & Paramedic staff, recognizing vector borne disease that have worsened gender issues, promoting health insurance for due to climate change impacts: vulnerable groups, strengthening community Under the Dept. of Health and Family Welfare, a 56 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan to vulnerable groups such as infants, elderly, Health – Key Priorities pregnant women, disabled, farm labourers and  Capacity Building of the health sector on industrial & construction workers are expected climate change to be very high. There has to be an organized  Integrating climate change considerations approach for sensitization and awareness. in the State Health policy Strengthening the existing facilities and  Strengthening approaches to manage infrastructure for managing health impacts vector borne disease that have worsened due to heat waves is also required. Under this due to climate change impacts initiative, all of these will be implemented.  Strengthening approaches to deal with heat wave conditions exacerbated due to 6.6.6 Strengthening approaches to deal climate change with the physical and psychological impacts  Strengthening approaches to deal with the due to extreme weather conditions caused physical and psychological impacts due by climate change: to extreme weather conditions caused by The extreme weather events are becoming more climate change frequent, intense and widespread, resulting in  Addressing drought, nutrition & physical and mental health impacts. At present, food security due to increased risk Orissa State Disaster Management Authority of drought, consequent decline in (OSDMA) is the nodal agency to respond to the agriculture and increased malnutrition situation. The present infrastructure needs & food security to be strengthened. A medical wing will be  Undertaking measures to manage water established and strengthened to demonstrate an borne disease that have worsened due to climate change impacts integrated approach for responding to natural  Research & studies on climate change and disasters. Actions such as community resilience health impacts and disaster preparedness, strengthening  Addressing food safety that is undermined as psychological aid to victims, strengthening a result of increased ambient temperatures surveillance including traditional knowledge and extreme events and cultural norms will be undertaken.  Studying the interlinkages between air quality and climate change, and 6.6.7 Addressing increased drought, implications on health malnutrition & food security issues due to climate change: Climate variations are expected to create network has been established for the control of drought conditions. This may lead to the vector borne diseases. Due to climate change, consequent decline in agriculture and increased incidents of vector borne diseases are likely to malnutrition & food security. With the increased increase and so is the spread. Therefore, the impacts due to climate change, it will be required present set-up is required to be strengthened to develop strategies to improve nutritional with better surveillance, better diagnosis and status of vulnerable population. Monitoring and control of vectors with a particular focus on managing migration and psychological impacts vulnerable groups. of food security on vulnerable rural population will also be required. These will be done under

6.6.5 Strengthening approaches to deal this initiative. with heat wave conditions exacerbated due to climate change: 6.6.8 Undertaking measures to manage The rise in temperature due to climate change water borne disease that have worsened is likely to make more intense the heat wave due to climate change impacts: conditions during the summers. Heat waves Water borne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera pose risk of deaths, disease and injury. The risk and leptospirosis are likely to increase due Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 57 to climate change. Further institutional will be established under this initiative. strengthening is required through prevention, better management and improved surveillance. 6.6.10 Addressing food safety due to This initiative will lead to reduce the incidents climate-induced changes: of water-borne diseases. Food safety is another challenge related to climate change that needs to be addressed.

6.6.9 Research & studies on climate Clear guidelines available in the state on food change and health impacts: safety is required to be revisited. Under this To strengthen the understanding of the health initiative, a mechanism to strengthen food impacts due to climate change, further inter safety including safe drinking water will be disciplinary research is required. Collaborative undertaken. research studies are required for linking vector biology, agriculture, air quality, etc. with human 6.6.11 Studying the interlinkages health. Research studies will be undertaken on between air quality and climate change, a variety of subjects that include links between and implications on health: heat waves and health, compilation of best There is a strong linkage among air quality, human practices in a disaster context, using traditional health and climate change. Strengthening the knowledge and cultural norms, and reducing monitoring and evaluation of health impacts of the burden of vector-borne diseases in the air quality will be done under this initiative. context of climate change. A research centre 58 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan

6.7 Industry Table 6.7: Profile of Industry in Orissa S.No. Sector No. of Industries

6.7.1 Introduction: Large Medium Small Total Being a mineral rich state, industrial 1. Iron & Steel 99 69 25 193 development is oriented towards metallurgical 2. Aluminum 2 - - 2 and other metal-based industries. As these 3. Pulp & Paper 4 2 - 6 are energy-intensive, coal-based thermal 4. Sugar 4 1 - 5 power generation tends to be an integral 5. Fertilizer 2 1 - 3 6. Thermal 10 - - 10 part of industrial development. Given climate Power change, industrial development is required 7. Cement 7 2 1 10 to explore ways of reducing greenhouse gas/ 8. Fermentation 4 7 1 12 carbon emissions (mitigation) and, at the Industries same time, be equipped to cope with climate 9. Chemical 1 2 3 6 change impacts (adaptation). In its current Industries stage of industrial development, Orissa will 10. Mineral 15 116 1042 1,173 Processing work towards achieving both carbon-conscious and Crushers and climate-resilient industrial development. The transition to address these climate 11. Food 1 83 273 357 Processing change concerns will be made in a smooth and Allied and effective manner. As climate change is a Industries relatively new challenge, substantive capacity 12. Refractory/ 2 22 254 278 building and institutional re-alignment will Bricks/Tiles be required. In developing the key priorities, 13. Other 17 74 493 584 these three broader goals :(i) reducing Industries Total: 167 471 2116 2754 emissions/mitigation without compromising industrial growth, (ii)developing climate- Source: State of the Environment Report, 2006 resilient industrial systems and (iii)building 6.7.2 Integrating climate concerns in capacity as well as realigning institutions – policies and plans: were kept in view. In addition, consistency To achieve climate-friendly industrial with the various missions under the NAPCC development, institutional re-alignment is was also ensured. Key priorities of this sector required. As a first step, the two key industrial constitute the rest of this section. polices – Industrial Policy Resolution and the Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 59 MSME Framework Development Policy have Industry – Key Priorities to integrate climate change considerations.  Integrating climate concerns in policies Under this initiative, policies will be reviewed and plans  Assessing GHG profiles of major industrial to determine how emission reduction clusters can be achieved and climate-resilience  Conducting heat-island study for Talcher be emphasized. Following the usual GoO and Jharsuguda area processes, these policies will be revised and  Training various stakeholders on climate finalized. Scarcity value should be reflected change issues  Implementing a system of compensatory in water allocation and water charge that will water harvesting prompt water use efficiency. Water allocation  Streamlining institutional arrangement between large industries and MSME should take and strengthen OSDMA to tackle extreme into consideration, employment generation climate events in coastal area  Carrying out energy efficiency studies potential by these two sectors.Environmental  Promoting recovery, recycle and reuse of clearance condition should be in the public waste material domain that will be not generic but in clear  Setting emission standards for thermal terms. Assessment of land and water should power plants be made by an expert agency while granting clearance. industrial system in the state. There are other policies and frameworks like 6.7.4 Conducting heat-island study for SEZ policy, PCPIR framework which are also Talcher-Angul and Jharsuguda area: required to be looked through the lens of climate There is a perception that Talcher-Angul and change policies and thus need reorientation. Jharsuguda area are becoming hotter every The first step in integrating climate concerns passing year. It is also believed that since large coal is preparation of state level baselines and mines, thermal power plants and metallurgical policy goals. This is a critical activity and many industries are in operation a good amount of cross-cutting issues will emerge particularly heat is generated causing a heat island. Climate with mines, energy, water, forest and general change and the associated temperature increase administration. are likely to worsen the situation. In this context, a research study will be undertaken to identify

6.7.3 Assessing GHG profiles of major the cause of the high temperatures, the various industrial clusters: contributing factors and what measures can be Reducing carbon emissions requires a good taken to reduce the prevailing heat levels. The baseline data/information about current level of study can also suggest various location specific emission. For this purpose, carbon inventories or adaptive measures. GHG profiling is the first step. Under this initiative, particular industrial clusters will be selected, 6.7.5 Training various stakeholders on an appropriate institute will be identified and climate change issues: GHG profile reports will be prepared in line with Capacity building on climate change is of the best international practices. Based on this paramount importance. This needs to cover profiling, a system of GHG auditing will also be both general as well as specific climate change introduced. This GHG profile reports will assist concerns. This should also include how carbon in understanding industrial performance on emissions can be cut without compromising on carbon emission intensities vis-à-vis international industrial outputs and how climate proofing or best practices. The GHG profile will be an building resilience can be achieved. Training important input for policy making and monitoring on climate change issues needs to reach all performance of the industrial clusters with organizations involved with promoting industrial respect to carbon efficiency. The next logical step development and industrial enterprises in the will be to institute a system of continuous carbon large, medium and small-scale sectors. The audit procedure to track the carbon footprint of activity includes identifying training needs of 60 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan various stakeholders, designing the training modules, networking with local institutions. implies financial savings. The major industrial activities in the state are highly energy intensive;

6.7.6 Implementing a system of iron and steel, aluminum, ferro-alloys, cement compensatory water harvesting: and paper are the sectors, which have been Climate change is expected to induce uncertain identified by IPCC as some of the most energy monsoons and therefore water availability will intensive sectors. Even though this is the case, become an issue. With the rapid industrial industrial enterprises do not often strive to ensure development, water has already become a high levels of energy efficiency. There seem constraint in certain industrial areas. Due to to be a lot of potential for augmenting energy climate change, this may worsen.Creation of efficiency in these sectors. Under this initiative, water bodies will be insisted upon while giving studies will be undertaken to encourage energy clearances to industries and mines. In consultation intensive industries such as; aluminum, ferro- with stakeholders, a mechanism will be devised alloys, cement, pulp and paper, integrated steel to encourage compensatory water harvesting and plants and sponge iron plants to adopt energy storage around industries/ industrial clusters. This efficient practices. In particular, the recovery mechanism will look for investment coming from and use of waste heat will be explored. Through industrial sectors to create rainwater harvesting these studies, it is envisaged that best practices & storage, ground water recharging & storage will be implemented in the iron and steel, facilities and associated infrastructure within aluminum and cement industries in Orissa. and around plants. This adaptation measure will benefit the industries as well as the surrounding 6.7.9 Promoting recovery, recycle and areas by providing water security. reuse of waste material: Coal-based thermal power plants generate

6.7.7 Streamlining institutional ash and sponge iron plants generate char. arrangement and strengthen OSDMA to The reuse of this bulk material offers a win- tackle extreme climate events in coastal win solution. The waste that pollutes is fixed area: into an application and the energy required Coastal industrial infrastructure, assets and to produce the alternative material is saved. people need to be protected from climate- In addition relieves the land which otherwise induced extreme weather events. In addition, would have been used for dumping causing these extreme weather events could also environmental pollution in the locality. Under lead to industrial disasters for which better this initiative, a range of activities that include preparedness is required within the state. This enabling policies, conducting studies, carrying is particularly relevant for Paradeep, Dhamra out demonstration projects and promoting and Gopalpur. OSDMA is the nodal agency, investments will be done. which coordinates disaster management. However, managing industrial disaster requires 6.7.10 Setting emission targets for thermal different kinds of skill and equipment. Thus, power plants: capacity building and skill up-gradation in Coal-based thermal power plants are the OSDMA for addressing industrial disasters is largest contributor of carbon dioxide emissions. an important activity. Under this initiative, Establishing emission targets for thermal streamlining of institutional arrangements and power plants and directing these plants to strengthening OSDMA to tackle these issues will meet these targets will be done under this be undertaken. initiative. With the focus on thermal power plants, this initiative will also have a bearing

6.7.8 Carrying out energy efficiency on major source of particulate emissions, which studies: create serious local environmental impacts. Reducing carbon emissions by promoting energy Care shall be taken that the process of setting efficiency is a viable proposition for industrial targets will be in line with the national policy enterprises as reduced energy consumption in this respect. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 61

6.8 Mining Table 6.8: Mineral Resources of Orissa Sl.No. Mineral Resources (Metric

6.8.1 Introduction: Tonnes) Mining is a major activity in some of the 1. Bauxite 1,819.7 districts of Orissa and contributes significantly (8-10 % of GDP) to the state’s economic 2. China Clay 313.9 development. The state has rich deposits of 3. Chromite 173.8 coal, bauxite, chromite, iron ore, manganese 4. Coal 65,226.7 ore, dolomite, limestone and mineral sands. 5. Dolomite 330.9 These deposits of certain minerals constitute a 6. Fireclay 175.5 significant portion of the total deposits of the 7. Base Metal 4.9 country. While mining activities commenced 8. Graphite 4.4 more than a 100 years back, there has been 9. Iron Ore 5,153.3 unprecedented growth in recent times, particularly in bauxite, chromite, iron ore 10. Limestone 1,007.2 and coal. Mining in Orissa has serious local 11. Managanese 119.8 environmental impacts. This includes the 12. Mineral Sand 226.2 air pollution impacts (particulates), water 13. Pyrophylite 8.3 pollution (mine water discharges), social 14. Quartz 70.3 impacts (displacement and rehabilitation) and 15. Vanadium 2.5 forest impacts (part of the mining area is in the forests or in the vicinity). Therefore, mining Source: Department of Steel & Mines, 2009 is highly regulated sector on environmental front but enforcement of the regulations is an sector constitute the rest of this section. important issue. Mining is also a contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. There 6.8.2 Incorporating climate concerns in are various initiatives planned to mitigate as the State Mineral Policy: well as to adapt to climate change. All these The State Mineral Policy provides the guidance initiatives pertain to three goals: (i)emission and direction to realizing the enormous reduction, (ii)capacity-building and (iii) mineral development potential. Augmenting adaptation measures. The key priorities in this the mineral resource and using the identified 62 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan resources in a sustainable manner are a part of the policy. Given the nature and scale of the Mining – Key Priorities climate change threat, it is required to review  Incorporating climate concerns in State the Mineral policy in the context of climate Mineral Policy change concerns. The state Mineral policy  Analyzing appropriate policies to promote will be revised to incorporate and integrate energy-efficiency climate change considerations. In line with  Realizing the potential of low-grade the Green India Missions and environmental mineral beneficiation regulations under EP Act, 1986. Enrichment of  Strengthening environmental monitoring environment should be the 1st priority for the  Protecting water bodies funds availability under schemes like CAMPA.  Expanding and maintaining green zones Forest diversion and plantation area shall be  Building capacity and generating put in public domain to ensure transparency awareness and accountability.The implementation of  Realizing energy-savings potential in the revised policy will ensure tracking of the mining greenhouse gas emissions from this sector.

6.8.3 Analyzing appropriate policies to

6.8.4 Realizing the potential of low-grade promote energy-efficiency: mineral beneficiation: Mining processes and mineral transportation require energy. Its use can be made more There is a lot of potential in the beneficiation efficient. In order to move this sector into an of low grade iron ore, manganese, graphite energy-efficiency path, new economic / policy and chrome ore, which is currently not being instruments are required to encourage efficient utilized. A research study will be carried to energy use. A research study will be carried out identify the potential across the various minerals to determine what kind of economic/policy and to propose methods/approaches to realize instruments will be appropriate in the Orissa this potential. context. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 63

6.8.5 Strengthening environmental 6.8.7 Expanding and maintaining green monitoring: zones: Mining is confronted with serious local Creation and maintenance of green zones in major environmental challenges. Monitoring of mining clusters is a regular activity that will be environmental parameters - both local and further enhanced. These green zones will serve global pollutants – is required. Presently, the as additional carbon sinks and also contribute monitoring systems are not robust enough. To towards building local environmental benefits. improve environmental monitoring, particular mining clusters will be identified and a robust 6.8.8 Building capacity and generating environmental monitoring system will be awareness: established. Based on the monitoring results, This will be given paramount importance. appropriate modifications will be made in Integration of climate change in mining can these clusters and climate change abatement only be achieved through substantive capacity measures will be initiated.The Goverment building. Training on the Clean Development may even allocate areas under CAMPA scheme Mechanism, cleaner production/low carbon/ on a pilot basis to mining companies with efficient technologies and climate abatement adequate monitoring mechanisms to hold measures will be organized both within the GoO them accountable for results. State can also (Steel & Mines, Directorate of Mines and State scrutinize EIA’s through independent experts/ Pollution Control Board) and with the associated agencies. stakeholders (Indian Bureau of Mines and Mining lease holders). Constant vigil should be there to

6.8.6 Protecting water bodies: prevent overstepping by vested interests. Water resources will be affected due to climate change. Mining causes substantive silting that 6.8.9 Realizing energy-savings potential affects water bodies such as water harvesting in mining operations: structures, reservoirs and weirs. These need There are different processes within the to be protected. Particular water bodies in mining operations. Some of these are energy- the mining intensive areas will be identified intensive processes. In these processes, the and protection measures will be taken up. energy savings potential is large. As a first Water pollution and capacity reduction will be step, a research study will be conducted to arrested. These water bodies will be restored determine the particular processes within as a climate change adaptation measure. mining operations that should be targeted for realizing the energy-savings potential. 64 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan

6.9 Transport Table 6.9: Transport - Consumption of Petroleum Fuel in Orissa

6.9.1 Introduction: Consumption of Petroleum Fuel The transport sector contributes about 7% of the 1400000 total Green House Gas Emission in the country 1200000 (Natcom 2007).With greater economic growth 1000000 (In M.T.) and rapid urbanization, there is a constant 800000 increase in the number of transport vehicles, 600000 which leads to greater use of fossil fuel and more 400000 GHG emissions. If current rate of urbanization 200000 and motorization continues, GHG emissions 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 could grow to about 8 times the current level Year by 2030. 1000 sq km as against National average of 19.0 Similar situation prevails in the Orissa context. km per 1000 sq km. Less railway network implies The public transport system is inadequate. The more pressure on the road infrastructure. Being increasing middle income population is resorting on the coast, Orissa handles materials through to private motorized transport. With greater its ports. The largest is the Paradip port, which availability of low cost vehicles, the numbers handles about 57 MT annually. Substantial part of are growing – growth is highest in Cuttack - export/import cargo move by road. In addition, and so is the fuel consumption. And, there is a the people of Orissa tend to assign a poor social commensurate increase in the emissions from image/status for using public transport and the transport sector. Apart from inadequate non-motorized transport, both of which are public transport, Orissa is largely dependent on vitally important in the context of responding the road network that is comparatively less GHG to climate change. or carbon friendly among the different modes of transport. About 18,000 km of national highways, At the national level, there are policies that state highways, major district roads and other encourage the move towards a more climate district roads cater to the transportation needs responsible transport sector. The Auto Fuel of the state. The railways network within the Policy (2003) encourages the use of CNG/LNG in state is below the national average, i.e. an cities affected by high motor vehicle pollution. average railway route length of 15.03 km per The Integrated Transport Policy (2001) promotes Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 65 guiding policy document that aims at efficient, Transport – Key Priorities transparent and modernized transport  Revising state transport policies administration and management system for  Integrating urban and transport planning both freight and passenger movement in the  Enhancing the use of rail state. In addition, Orissa has the Boat policy  Moving towards low carbon fuel that addresses inland waterways transport.  Piloting low carbon, green highways Incorporating climate change considerations  Encouraging fuel use efficiency and in these policies is essential in order to have a tightening enforcement tangible, consistent and sustainable response.  Promoting non-motorized transport Better management of transport demand,  Sequestering carbon through avenue increased public transportation, encouraging plantations cleaner technology and promoting non-  Estimating carbon emissions from the motorized transport are elements that need sector to be incorporated in these policies. Further  Developing inland waterways initiatives to reduce emissions will be taken for phasing out old commercial vehicles of more than 15 years. This will be undertaken as a the use of ethanol-blended petrol and bio-diesel policy initiative. as long as the later does not compete with food chain. Under the NAPCC, the National Mission on 6.9.3 Integrating urban and transport Sustainable Habitat suggests a future focus on planning: strengthening the enforcement of vehicle fuel Effective transport planning requires better economy standards, and using pricing measures to transport demand management. And, the encourage the purchase of efficient vehicles and integration of urban development and land use incentives for the use of public transportation. planning with transport planning is the first step. Also, better urban planning like densification Making this integrated approach operational is a of central business districts and modal shift to challenge that will be addressed as part of the public transport have been emphasized. The integrated transport policy. National Urban Transport Policy emphasizes the development and usage of extensive public 6.9.4 Enhancing the use of rail: transport facilities (including non-motorized From a climate perspective, the use of rail modes) over personal vehicles. All of these were more rewarding. Freight transport through rail considered in formulating the key priorities in requires to be encouraged further. Specific the transport sector in Orissa. geographical areas within the state will be identified, the feasibility of using rail more

6.9.2 Revising state transport policies: effectively will be explored, policies will be State Transport Policy of Orissa 2007 is the formulated and implemented. Movement of bulk and dirty cargo like ores and minerals should only be done by rail. In addition, the introduction of Mass Rapid Transport Systems (MRTS) in suburban areas will be a priority. The preparation of DPR for the identified stretch between Greater Bhubaneswar and Cuttack will be initiated.

6.9.5 Moving towards low carbon fuels: Switching to alternate fuel such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) from the conventional fuel requires close coordination and interactions with the Central Government. Background studies will be conducted to prepare a case for 66 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan greater access to alternate fuels. In addition, due to ameliorative activities. Phasing out of blending of conventional fuel with bio-fuels will old commercial vehicles may be expedited. also be explored through research studies and demonstration projects. Plantation options will 6.9.8 Promoting non-motorized be considered and blended fuel shall be first transport: introduced in the State Corporation buses. With greater focus on motorized transport, pedestrians in urban areas are getting more

6.9.6 Piloting low carbon, green sidelined. This is particularly true in crowded highways: local areas in the cities of Bhubaneswar and At present, Orissa is largely dependent on Cuttack. As a demonstration initiative, a its road network to meet its transportation particular area in Bhubaneswar will be selected needs. This scenario is unlikely to change in and a pilot scheme will be implemented to the near future. In this context, constructing promote non-motorized transport(especially and maintaining its roads in a more climate pedestrain walkway and cycle paths are to responsible way will be piloted to determine its be taken up with all seriousness). Using the viability and potential for replication. Selected experience gained, plans to promote and road stretches will be identified, even pilot expand the concept of non-motorized transport parties who provide adequate bank guarantee will be made. to carry out such pilots in PPP mode can be encouraged. Feasibility studies conducted for 6.9.9 Sequestering carbon through avenue the use of cleaner technologies, detailed designs plantations: and approaches planned and implemented. Roadside avenue plantations can be gainfully Throughout the pilot implementation, carbon used to sequester carbon. These also provide emissions will be monitored and tracked. Using tremendous local benefits by protecting road this implementation experience, plans will be users from the oppressive heat particularly in made for its further expansion. the summer months. Particular road stretches will be identified, plantation species will be

6.9.7 Encouraging fuel use efficiency and selected that bring both local and sequestration tightening enforcement: benefits, and plantations will be undertaken. There is potential for improving fuel use Based on this demonstration initiative, a efficiency through better driver training. Though plantation plan for the entire state will be the public road transportation is limited within developed. the state, adoption of better practices will be first introduced, tested and monitored here. 6.9.10 Assessment of carbon emissions Based on the experience, plans will be made to from the sector: advise and influence the private operators to Presently, there is no overall assessment of the improve their practices as well. Drivers Training carbon emissions from the transport sector in Institutes and Heavy Vehicle Training Institute Orissa. It is only extrapolated that the growing can take the lead in this regard. Given that it is a win-win situation, there will be a strong buy-in from the private operators as well. This will be supplemented by building the capacity of the enforcement wing for emission level check up. Training modules will be developed and enforcement officers will be trained as a part of this capacity building initiative. In addition, a survey of ambient air quality in selected locations in particular towns and cities will be undertaken. This will focus not only on determining the linkages between the increase in road transportation and deteriorating urban air quality but also improvements in air quality Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 67 increase of vehicle population is resulting in water transport systems can be identified. Like greater fossil fuel use and therefore more carbon the National Waterways 5 (NW5), the GoO shall emissions. A study will be commissioned in order undertake studies to identify State Waterways to better assess and establish a baseline. Also, to develop an inland water transport corridor this study will include the potential of modal in order to increase their cargo transportation shifts and other transport options to reduce the potential. carbon emissions.

4.9.11 Developing Inland waterways: Presently inland water transport system in Orissa is confined to passenger lunch services operating in sectors like Chandabali (47 km), Chilika (33 km) and Astaranga (20 km). The inland water transport system will reduce carbon emission while providing transport services to the inhabitants of inaccessible riverine areas. Major river stretches in the State having potential for expansion of inland 68 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan

6.10 Urban Planning Table 6.10: Urban Profile of Orissa S.No. Title / Particular Data /

6.10.1 Introduction: Description Information Urbanization is recognized as one of the engines 1 Urban Local Notified Area Councils of economic growth and is seen as an indicator Bodies - Profile (NACs): 63 of development. On the other side, urbanization Municipalities: 37 has its own challenges particularly the local Municipal Corporations: environmental concerns / issues. Typical urban 3 locations comprise relatively small geographical 2 Urban share of Previous Last Census units that are highly energy intensive, generate the population (1941) 3% (2001) large quantities of waste (both liquid and solid) 14.95% and tend to become heat islands. 3 Urban centres Previous Last Census As is true for the rest of India, there has - Growth (1951) (2001) 39 nos. 138 nos. been a constant need to keep pace with the growing demands of the urban sector in Orissa 4 Most Urbanized Khordha (42.93%) as well. Effective and adequate steps are districts Jharsuguda (36.40%) required for efficient management & delivery (% Urban Sundargarh (34.38%) of basic urban services like provision of safe Population) drinking water, sanitation, roads, solid waste 5 Least Urbanized Nayagarh (4.29%) management and housing. In terms of reform Districts Jajpur (4.49%) and its implementation, the 74th Constitutional Boudh (4.82%) Amendment of the 1990s empowered the Urban Nuapada (5.66%) Local Bodies (ULBs) to function as local self- Source: Housing & Urban Development Department government. Building the capacity of these ULBs is also one of the challenges being presently experiences of other Indian cities (particularly the dealt with. metropolitan cities) and also other international cities that are confronted with similar urban In percentage terms, the population living challenges. Given the climate change dimension, in urban areas in Orissa is significantly lower Orissa can go further by defining a climate- than the national averages. Therefore, Orissa responsible urban development path. Such a is in a unique position to chart out an urban path will include initiatives such as (i) promoting development path that learns from the mistakes/ energy-efficiency in urban living/lifestyles, (ii) Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 69 change abatement. At the outset, a training Urban – Key Priorities need assessment will be done and different  Building capacity on climate change training modules will be designed based on  Incorporate climate considerations in water the outcomes. These training programmes supply and sewerage design will be conducted and all of these will have  Working towards greater water-efficiency a practical orientation with field / exposure  Preparing a climate-friendly MSW management visits. This capacity-building initiative will set plan the foundation for further initiatives in the  Orienting towards energy-efficient street urban sector. lighting through CDM  Developing a climate-responsible master

6.10.3 Incorporating climate considerations plans in water supply and sewerage design:  Strengthening infrastructure for promoting One of the key activities in the urban sector non-motorized transport is the provision of water supply and sewerage  Improvements to water harvesting in urban services. It is required to better understand areas with restoration of water tanks and and appreciate how the planning, design and artificial recharge  Developing models of urban storm water flows implementation of these services will modify and capacities of existing drainage systems due to climate change. These could include the with climate change use of more energy-efficient technologies and better provision for dealing with climate impacts maintaining natural drainage channels, banning such as flash floods. A research study will be land use along riversides and wetlands, (iii) done to develop a model climate-friendly water protecting urban wetlands and water bodies, (iv) supply and sewerage design, plan and scheme. block plantation to act as cities lungs,(v) roof top water harvesting, (vi) forming of green and 6.10.4 Working towards greater water- energy efficient buildings has to be ensured by efficiency: Devlopment Authorities during approval of plans. Variations in water availability are likely to be The key priorities of urban sector are covered in single largest impact due to climate change. The the rest of this section. urban sector is a large water consumer. There is potential to reduce water losses and to promote

6.10.2 Building capacity on climate water conservation measures. A study will be change: undertaken to determine the extent of these Climate change is a new challenge confronting losses within cities / towns and also to identify the urban sector. There is a need to orient and particular actions that needs to be promoted to sensitize the stakeholders at all levels of the reduce these losses. Installation of water meters Urban Local Bodies. Building their capacity is will be initiated in a phased manner to promote vital to take the initiatives that lead to climate better monitoring and use.

6.10.5 Preparing a climate-friendly MSW management plan: Yet another key activity in the urban sector is the provision of MSW management services. Here again, it is required to better understand and appreciate how the planning, design and implementation of these services will modify due to climate change. On the one hand, municipal solid waste generates methane emissions, a greenhouse gas. On the other hand, municipal solid waste treatment can be used to generate methane as a non-conventional energy source. 70 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan All of these aspects will need to be considered the Transport sector will work on the traffic and an ideal climate-friendly MSW management management aspects pertaining to non- plan will be developed. This plan will also motorized transport, this initiative will focus include a pre-investment study and lead to a on (i) policies required to promote non- demonstration project in a selected city / town motorized transport including how this can be where the climate-friendly plan will be piloted. incentivized, and (ii) building the infrastructure Based on the implementation experience of the in a particular area in Bhubaneswar to test how pilot, scaling-up to a state-level will be done. non-motorized transport can be promoted in practice.

6.10.6 Orienting towards energy-efficient street lighting through CDM: 6.10.9 Improvements to water harvesting Initiatives to promote energy-efficient street in urban areas with restoration of water lights undertaken across the country. Many tanks and artificial recharge: of these initiatives are also taken up using Variability of the rainfall/monsoons due to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as climate change is likely to bring about water a financing option. In Orissa as well, this will supply shortages. These will lead to urban areas be promoted as a public-private partnership not having enough water. Under this initiative, on a pilot basis in selected urban areas. CDM conservation of water will be undertaken as a financing option will be explored. Once improving water harvesting mechanisms in the established and proven, a plan to scale-up the cities/towns. Existing water reservoirs/tanks public-private partnership and CDM approach will be surveyed, few of these will be selected, to energy-efficient street lighting across the plans for their renovations with improved water state will be developed. harvesting will be prepared and implementation of these plans will be undertaken.

6.10.7 Developing a climate-responsible master plan: 6.10.10 Developing models of urban storm Master Plans and Comprehensive Development water flows and capacities of existing Plans (CDPs) need to incorporate climate change drainage systems with climate change: considerations. Being a new area, there is a Climate change can cause sudden and heavy need to prepare and implement such a climate- precipitation that will result in flash floods and responsible plan for a selected city. Based on flooding of low lying areas. In this context, it the experience, the approach of preparing is required to be better prepared through climate-responsible plans will be made standard modeling of storm water flows in a climate- across the state. The plan should contain city induced scenario and assessing the capacities compensatory plantation ensuring at least 30% of existing drainage systems to cope with this of the area with green cover with suitable tree change. As a pilot, the city of Cuttack will be species. Wetlands and discharge areas to be chosen, as this city has always been encountering protected in the city from encroachment. frequent flash floods and water logging. Storm water flows will be projected and the capacity

6.10.8 Strengthening infrastructure for of the existing drainage system will be assessed. promoting non-motorized transport: Based on the outcome, a model for a long-term Promotion of non-motorized transport is sustainable drainage system will be developed a climate-friendly initiative that requires and implemented. urban infrastructure development. Whereas Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 71

6.11 Water Resources Table 6.11: Water - Key Statistics S.No. Description India Orissa

6.11.1 Introduction: 1 Annual 4,000 BCM 230.76 BCM Impact of climate change on water resources precipitation is likely to be due to erratic monsoons creating 2 Average annual 1,869 BCM 141.41 BCM variability in river flows and increased frequency water resources / intensity in extreme events such as floods, 3 Utilizable 1,122 BCM 108.15 BCM droughts and cyclones. Further research and water resources studies are required for a realistic assessment (surface & ground) of climate change impacts. This will have to be 4 Utilizable 28% 46.7% done at the state level and basin level. However, resources (% of at the same time, conservation of water precipitation) resources, adoption of better management 5 Per capita water 1,820 3,359 practices with emphasis on optimal utilization availability cu.m cu.m. and increase in water use efficiency requires Source: Department of Water Resources, Annual Activities to be implemented. Apart from being climate Report, 2008-2009 change adaptation measures, these will constitute good water resource management. where feasible, with a special effort to increase River basin approach at short intervals and storage capacity. The Mission will also establish assessment of water balances in every river a framework to increase water use efficiency basin should be integral part of IWRM. by about 20 percent. There will be initiatives to reduce fresh water use in urban areas and Under the NAPCC, a National Water Mission was work towards providing alternative sources to established. This Mission will ensure integrated meet the water requirements for coastal cities. water resource management to conserve Most of the initiatives under the National Water water, minimize wastage and ensure more Mission fall under the purview of the State equitable distribution both across and within Governments. Therefore, it is important that states. Basin level management strategies the key priorities undertaken by the State are will be reconsidered to deal with variability in consistent with those included in the National rainfall and water flows. The Mission will seek Water Mission. to optimize the efficiency of existing irrigation systems, including rehabilitation of systems that The key priorities in the Water Resources sector have been run down and also expand irrigation, constitute the rest of this section. 72 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan

6.11.2 Expansion of hydrometry Water Resources – Key Priorities network:  Expansion of hydrometry network Data pertaining to water resources becomes  Development of flood forecasting models even more important as variations in  Downscaling of Global Circulation Model availability are caused due to climate change.  Increasing the water use efficiency in This will provide a better assessment of water irrigation availability and extreme events and information  Constructing and protecting water for effective water resource planning. The harvesting structures state’s Hydrometry Directorate functions as  Improving drainage systems the data centre for surface water. Under this  River health monitoring and eco-systems capacity building initiative, selected locations environmental flow demand studies will be identified and hydromet stations  Raising awareness raising with Pani installed to expand the hydrometry network. Panchayat through Farmers’ Training This network will process raw data received Programme and creating agro-climatic stations from its own and other sources to provide for  Integrated Water Resources Management analysis by different users. It is envisaged that the expanded hydrometry network will be made functional in the next 5 years. There will be more important as it is also a climate change efforts to encourage community participation adaptation measure. Under this capacity in this exercise to enhance awareness level. building initiative, sectoral use of water will be identified, wastage will be monitored,

6.11.3 Development of flood forecasting technologies/approaches to reduce wastage will models: be explored and implemented. This will be first One of the climate change impacts is floods. For undertaken in critical areas and then expanded flood forecasting, models are required to assist across the state. The need for new regulatory in preparedness and response actions. Under structures with appropriate entitlements and this research initiative, a prototype information pricing to adopt water-neutral and water- system will be developed, demonstrated and positive technologies will also be explored. validated for effective near-real time flood forecasting, warning and management.

6.11.6 Constructing and protecting water harvesting structures:

6.11.4 Scaling down of Global Circulation Model: In water scarce areas, there is a potential for Realistic assessments of climate change impacts climate change to make water availability even require the downscaling of the global circulation worse. This issue can be addressed by new models to the regional scale and then to the river water harvesting structure i.e. check dam for basins. This will require a close co-ordination retention of run-off water as necessary which between the Government departments and shall take care of (i) drinking water facility in the academic institutions. As a part of this villages on both sides of the river (ii) irrigation initiative, climate change impact models on during late kharif and rabi through lifting the Mahanadi, Brahmani and Baitarani basins by beneficiaries (iii) recharging of ground will be undertaken. Subsequently, this will be water which will help indirectly to provide extended to the other basins as well. drinking water facilities to nearby villages (iv) industrial requirements wherever necessary

6.11.5 Increasing the water use efficiency and constructed through self funding (v) in irrigation: ecological balance. Existing water bodies will Conservation of water resources is generally be protected. a good management practice, which becomes Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 73

6.11.7 Improving drainage systems: 6.11.9 Raising awareness of Pani Panchayat through Farmers’ Training Programme and With the possibility of increase in flooding due creating agro-climatic stations: to climate change, the improvement of drainage With water availability becoming an increasingly systems will be required to overcome this important focus under a climate change problem. Improvements will be done through regime, it is required to build awareness on the reuse of drainage water in irrigation and the optimal use of water and on conservation in reclaiming the water–logged areas. Drainage of water resources. It is also required to and water logging problems are mostly in the build the farmer awareness of scientific crop coastal belt of Mahanadi Delta System and management to be adopted in the context of coastal belt of Ganjam, Bhadrak and Balasore. varying water availability. These will be done Nearly 30 percent of GCA of these areas, i.e. with the Pani Panchayats through the Farmers’s

2.18 Lakh Ha out of 6.83 Lakh Ha are affected Training Programme. Apart from sensitization, due to poor drainage condition and 1.9 Lakh agro-climatic stations will also be created with of Ha can be retrieved by improving drainage a view to provide weather-based information systems. The total area is divided into 17 doabs for decision-making to the farmers on a periodic by the rivers and their branches. Out of which, basis. 8 doabs are in Mahanadi Delta System. A master plan for drainage development in coastal belt 6.11.10 Integrated Water Resources of Orissa covers all the 17 doabs. Management:

6.11.8 River health monitoring and eco- As indicated in the National Water Mission, systems environmental flow demand promotion of integrated water resources studies: management will get an additional focus for ensuring equitable distribution across various With climate change and the associated vagaries uses. This is already being practiced within the of rainfall/precipitation, maintenance of the state. Further capacity building will be done to river health and its ecosystems becomes vitally make operational integrated water resources important. Under this initiative, a research management practices across the different study will be done in different river basins to river basins in Orissa. An autonomous Water determine the environmental flow that will be Regulatory Commission may be constituted in required to sustain the health and the aquatic the line of OERC. ecosystems. As far as possible community monitoring will be encouraged to reduce water thefts.Based on the outcomes of this research study, the thrust actions will be identified, planned and implemented.Efforts should be made to develop a plan to catch the water where it falls. 74 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan

6.12 Cross cutting issues so, it was realized that implementing many of the activities pertaining to the key priorities have

6.12.1 Activities with cross cutting cross cutting relevance. For instance, promoting relevance: green buildings in urban areas is relevant in In each sector, the Working Group deliberated terms of reducing energy use as well as in reusing on the relevance of climate change concerns fly ash, a by-product from coal-based thermal and identified key priorities. In identifying the power generation. The various activities having key priorities, a multi-departmental approach such cross cutting relevance are listed and briefly was taken by having different department described in the table 6.12. representatives in each Working Group. In doing Table 6.12.a: Activities having cross cutting relevance S.No. Title Description 1 Promoting water use Requires technologies, methods and mindset change in practices. efficiency Important both from a climate change adaptation as well as a mitigation (e.g. energy-efficient water supply) perspective. Water resources, agriculture, urban and rural are main sectors that are concerned with water. 2 Institutionalizing Energy- Requires technologies, methods and mindset change. Important from use efficiency a climate change mitigation perspective as it leads to reduced carbon emissions. Energy-use efficiency needs to be promoted across all sectors that include energy, urban, agriculture, rural and transport. 3 Promoting Green Requires the use of energy-efficient, water-efficient approaches and Buildings also using alternative building materials such as fly ash. Important from a climate change mitigation perspective. Involves the following sectors – energy, water and urban. 4 Improved fly ash Has linkages with energy, works, urban and environment management 5 Transport and urban Reducing transport emissions is best achieved by addressing the planning source, i.e. the need for transportation. Through integrated urban and transport planning, this can be achieved involving transport, urban and works. 6 Rural development Water is an important factor in rural development planning. With planning climate change induced variability to water availability, rural development planning will need to be suitably strengthened. Involves different sectors – agriculture, water, rural development, energy and industry. 6 Coastal planning With climate change-induced changes – more extreme events, sea water rise and coastal intrusion, the emphasis on integrated approach to coastal planning increases even further. Involves - disaster management, agriculture, urban, and water. 7 Biodiversity – forests, Biodiversity conservation will need to adapt itself to climate change. This agriculture, fishery pertains to biodiversity relevant to forests, fisheries and agriculture. 8 Basin management/flood Basin-level water resource planning is an integrated approach to plain management determine how the water available should get apportioned to various applications. Flood plain management is a part of this basin-level planning. With the climate change inducing precipitation variability, the basin level planning will need to be further strengthened. Involves all sectors that need and use water, primarily agriculture, energy, industry, rural and urban. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 75 S.No. Title Description 9 Watershed management By its very nature, watershed management approaches are cross cutting. Soil and moisture conservation practices will now need to address climate concerns. Involves the following sectors – agriculture, forests, water and rural development. 10 Livelihoods support Climate change impacts are likely to be borne by the most vulnerable, i.e. the poor. All community livelihoods support programme in the different sectors, e.g. watershed management (agriculture) and rural development programmes, will have consider climate change dimensions as this has the potential to aggravate an existing problem. In conducting activities pertaining to these are required across all the individual sectors. cross cutting issues, GoO will ensure that there The following table lists these requirements/ is inter-department co-ordination so that the needs. effectiveness of outcome. GoO recognizes these cross cutting common

6.12.2 Common cross cutting needs/ needs and requirements, and will consider them requirements: in more effective planning and implementation Apart from the cross cutting relevance, there are of its overall response towards climate change. also cross cutting needs. In other words, these Table 6.12.b: Common Cross cutting needs/requirements S.No. Title Description 1 Awareness Climate change is a relatively new issue. Awareness within the GoO, businesses and civil society associated with the different sectors needs to be strengthened. 2 Capacity building Awareness is the first step. The next is to build the capacity – knowledge, skills and resources – to be able to address climate change concerns. This is again a need across all the individual sectors. 3 Information needs Information on the climate change impacts/implications of different sectors are not readily available. Both top-down (from climate projections) as well as bottoms-up (from collecting empirical data / information) approach is required for all sectors that are impacted due to climate change, e.g. water resources, agriculture and coasts & disasters. 4 Estimation of extent While all individual sectors recognize the climate change relevance, there is of emissions and no data / information to the extent to their sector contributes to the overall impacts emissions. There is also no data / information to the extent the sector has to adapt to climate change impacts. Such an estimation is a common need. 5 Integration with Climate change is relevant across a number of activities within each individual state planning sector. As these activities are planned as a part of the overall annual state processes planning, it is required for each sector to integrate climate change concerns into their respective planning. Development planning needs to integrate climate change concerns. 76 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Chapter 7 Analysis and Synthesis

7.1 Introduction Awareness generation and capacity building – a focus: This chapter outlines the findings from the Considering that climate change is a relatively analysis and synthesis of the previous chapter. new challenge, the focus of this CAP will be on The analysis in each sector provided a set of key generating awareness and building capacity. priorities. Certain cross cutting areas were also This will be done across all levels of the GoO and identified. These were synthesized to arrive external stakeholders involved in the different at findings, which describe what the CAP will sectors. This strong drive towards building achieve. The case is made for new institutional capacity will result in empowering people and arrangements that will be required in the context organizations to be able to address, manage and of the proposed initiatives. This is introduced respond to climate change concerns. and described. The independent monitoring and evaluation required to ensure effective Action implemented across the economy: implementation is then described. Finally, the Given the all-pervading nature of climate change, chapter concludes with the financial budget for action will be taken across the state economy. the CAP. The inter-connectedness of issues pertaining to climate change necessitates this approach.

7.2 Findings Selecting and initiating work only in some of the sectors will undermine the effectiveness in an Changes in policies, organizations and overall sense. Therefore, progress will be made practices: across all the identified sectors in a parallel and Analyzing the key priorities revealed that climate simultaneous manner. change orientation needs to be provided at policy, organizational and practice levels in different Climate-intrinsic sectors distinguished: sectors. Policies need to integrate climate Broadly, the different sectors can be classified change considerations. At an organizational level, as climate-intrinsic and climate add-on sectors. awareness, skills and capacity has to be built. In Climate-intrinsic are sectors that are so heavily certain sectors, new organizations, e.g. the Forest associated with climate change that every action Monitoring Agency, have to be established. And, within these sectors have a strong bearing or at a practice level, implementation initiatives related to climate change. These include energy, will be required to shift towards a more climate- forest, water, agriculture and coastal disasters. friendly development path. There are significant Climate add-on sectors are those wherein the actions – Marginal/incremental actions will not climate dimension is additional, e.g. fisheries, suffice and there are significant actions required health, industry, mining, transport and urban. at all these levels to move on a climate-friendly While the key priorities across all these sectors development path. will be met, GoO will recognize that every activity Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 77 – particularly any new policies, organizations and Building climate resilience: initiatives - in the climate-intrinsic sectors will The different adaptation initiatives being have a strong association with climate change. planned will ensure better preparedness to climate-induced changes, including extreme Integrated perspective imperative: events. For a climate sensitive state such as To be effective in implementing initiatives Orissa, climate change adaptation is an integral pertaining to the key priorities, it is vitally part of good development. important to have an integrated outlook and not work in isolation. This will be required to 7.3 Institutional Arrangements ensure maximum returns to the efforts being made. In initiating the preparation of the Climate Change Action Plan, a scoping study was done. Carbon-conscious development: The findings of the scoping study revealed the The various mitigation initiatives being planned inter-sectoral and inter-departmental nature of across the 11 sectors will ensure that Orissa climate change response action. In preparing proceeds on a carbon-conscious development the Climate Change Action Plan, 11 different path. working groups have been constituted. These working groups comprised representation from Green Jobs: various departments. These deliberations The different adaptation and mitigation revealed that implementation also requires initiatives will ensure a transition to strong inter-sectoral and inter-department co- environmentally sustainable forms of production ordination. and consumption, which include designing energy efficient buildings, practice of sustainable To meet this need, a Orissa Climate Change farming, installing water recycling systems, Agency will be put in place during the first promoting renewable energy technology, year of implementation. This will have an maintaining energy efficiency & balance in advisory, supervisory and co-ordinating role sustainable transport, water supply, sanitation on climate change issues. This Agency will and waste management etc. All these efforts to be a single-window contact for dealing with tackle climate change will result in millions of the GoI and other external funding agencies “green jobs” thus redefining business as usual in in issues pertaining to climate change. The favour of more sustainable practices. responsibility for establishing this Agency will be with the Forests & Environment Department. Biodiversity in addressing livelihoods: However, the Agency’s role will include and The key adoptive strategy being envisaged in involve all sectors and all departments. It is the climate change action plan will facilitate envisaged that this Agency will function in an conservation of biodiversity including restoration independent and autonomous manner so that and rehabilitation which will help vulnerable it can execute its various roles, responsibilities people, mostly the tribal communities and and duties in a smooth, quick and effective economically most backward strata, to cope with manner.. The Agency will be equipped with climate change. Biodiversity plays a central role appropriate quality manpower,resources in ensuring livelihoods especially amongst rural and infrastructure that are commensurate populations and indigenous communities. The with the requirements and challenges climate change adaptation so planned will aim faced. The Agency’s functioning style will at integrated management of biodiversity, thus be collaborative and inclusive, not only immensely facilitating the poverty reduction within Departments of the Government and food security planning in the state. but also with the different external stakeholders. 78 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan

7.4 Financial budgets 7.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework Each working group put together a budget for the initiatives proposed to meet the key A key part of a climate change action plan has priorities in each sector. There are a number of to be: ongoing initiatives, which are also relevant to  The monitoring of impacts of climate climate change, these budgets have also been change and of progress in achieving key included in determining the overall budget targets for the CAP. The additional resources required  The evaluation of programs undertaken to in each sector has also been estimated and mitigate climate change as well as to adapt resources for these will be sourced from the to its consequences. GoI or external funding agencies. The following table provides the rough budget estimate for Both the monitoring and evaluation have to be the first CAP. done regularly and a feedback loop should be Table 7.4: Budget for CAP, 2010-15 established so that corrective action can be taken in the case of: S. No. Particulars Approx. Amount  Impacts being more or less severe than Rs. Crore originally anticipated, A Sectors  Key targets not being attained in a timely 1 Agriculture 1,500 manner and 2 Coasts & Disasters 1,300  Programs underperforming. 3 Energy 6,500 4 Fisheries & Animal 217 In the case of Orissa CAP, the main areas where Resources monitoring will be required and where there are 5 Forests 4,650 risks of underachieving key targets and programs are presented in the framework table. 6 Health 500 7 Industry 325 The following points should be noted: 8 Mining 55 9 Transport 60  Baseline data will be required and will be 10 Urban 1,200 collected urgently. This is essential so that 11 Water 725 targets can be set for the key programs. Sub-total: 17,032  Where impacts can be expected as a B Institutional result of climate change, these should be Arrangements monitored and the programs that have been set up modified where major deviations 1 Establishing new TBD from expected impacts are found. Since Orissa Climate this is a relatively long term exercise one Change Agency can expect to make changes only to future 2 Independent TBD programs, i.e. after 5 years as a minimum external Monitoring and more likely after ten years. & Evaluation  Progress on actual programs implemented Sub-total: TBD now, however, can be monitored on a Grand Total: Approx shorter time frame and changes enacted 17,000 following reviews undertaken every 3-5 (N.B: Emphasis is not on computing the exact years, depending on the program. requirements of funds, but on the road map) Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 79 80 Table 7.5: Orissa Climate Change Action Plan – Monitoring & Evaluation Framework Area Key Impacts to Monitor Targets to Monitor Key Programs to Evaluate Frequency Feedback Loop (if any) Agriculture Changes in yields for key Increases in yields in Integrated watershed development program 3 years Adjust budgets. crops watershed development Micro irrigation and farm ponds Modify programs. Frequency of crop failures program areas Perennial plantation program Addition to areas under perennial plantation. Adoption of improved seed varieties Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Coasts & Frequency of extreme Building targets to provide Effectiveness of implemented protection 3-5 years Adjust budgets. Disasters events protection measures measures depending on Modify programs. Losses per event Investment programs to Program to control erosion losses program Loss rates for flagship protect ecologically sensitive Program to protect ecologically sensitive species areas. areas Rates of erosion in sensitive areas Energy Emissions of CO2. Emissions per Mwh from coal Adoption of clean coal technologies program 3-5 years Adjust programs Emissions intensity Emissions per Mwh from gas Promotion of gas CC plants depending on if not successful. Amount of coal that is washed Coal washing program program Tighten or loosen No of fluidized bed plants Fluidized bed program targets based on Average boiler efficiency Boiler efficiency program experience. No of PPAs signed Wind and solar programs Losses in T&D in state systems Biogas promotion program Installation of solar power Promotion of merchant power program Installation of wind power Energy department capacity building program Generation of energy from Operations of special CESS fund biogas T&D Loss Program Energy saving/demand management program. Fisheries/ Yields in aquaculture Targets for livestock Skilled animal breeding program 3 years Animal Fish catch rates adjusted protection. Early warning system for diseases Resources for effort Targets for fish catch per year. Animal weight and output Forests Loss rates for forest Reforestation rates Reforestation/afforestation program 5 years If programs do biomass Reduction in loss of forests Forest conservation program not meet targets Loss rates for mangroves Coverage of bald hills with Bald Hill coverage program modify allocation forest Mangrove program of budgets Mangrove expansion rates Fire management program Watershed plantation rates Capacity building in Panchayati Raj. Losses from fires Area Key Impacts to Monitor Targets to Monitor Key Programs to Evaluate Frequency Feedback Loop (if any) Health Incidence of vector borne Vector borne disease impacts Vector borne disease program 3 years Modify programs diseases relative to baseline Water borne disease program according to Incidence of water borne Water borne disease impacts Heat wave impacts program evaluation diseases relative to baseline Frequency of heat wave Nos. affected by heat waves losses Cases of food poisoning Industry Losses to industry from Targets for climate proofing Coastal zones extreme events program 3 years Modify programs extreme events in coastal industrial infrastructure. Promotion of bulk waste program according to areas. Compensatory water harvesting program. evaluation Mining Mining waste output reduction Protection of water harvesting structures 3 years targets program Targets for expansion of green Creation of green zones program zones Energy savings program Targets for water harvesting damage Energy savings targets Transport Bulk transport using rail Bulk transport promotion program 3 years Modify funding Use of biofuels Biofuels program for programs Kilometers of low carbon Low carbon highway program failing to meet highway Tree plantation program targets. Trees planted on highways Emission check up program No of electric operated vehicles Urban No of water meters installed Water metering program Modify funding Waste collection rates Waste collection program for programs % of HH connected to water Water supply connection program failing to meet supply Energy efficient lighting program targets. No of energy efficient street Promotion of energy efficiency in buildings light installed Promotion of non-motorized transport Average energy efficiency in program buildings Water Frequency of rainfall in Accuracy of flood forecasting Flood forecasting program 3-5 years Modify funding different seasons Water use efficiency rates Water use efficiency program depending on for programs No of harvesting structures Water harvesting structures investment program failing to meet built program targets. Drainage of water indicator Improvement of drainage program Environmental flow in wetlands program Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 81 82 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Chapter 8 Conclusions and Recommendations

8.1 Introduction Information on climate change implications: This chapter draws the conclusions from In terms of assessing the climate change the different key priorities, their analysis implications for the state, GoO will adopt a and synthesis. This chapter also includes dual approach, i.e. top-down approach through recommendations for preparing future Climate the downscaling of global models as well as Change Action Plans. a bottom-up approach through collecting empirical evidences of climate change at a

8.2 Conclusions grassroots level. The CAP will lead Orissa to move towards a Awareness and capacity-building: carbon-conscious, climate resilient development Awareness and capacity building to face this path. The following are the key conclusions of new challenge will be the primary focus; this this CAP: will be undertaken across the different sectors and the state economy as a whole Significance of climate change: Overall approach: The nature, scale and magnitude of the climate A multidisciplinary, integrated and co-ordinated change impacts is likely to be of high significance convergence approach is required and will be given that the state’s agriculture is largely rain adopted in implementing this CAP. GoO will fed and is periodically exposed to climate- adopt a proactive, preventive and preparedness- induced extreme events. In addition, Orissa has oriented approach rather than a reactive substantive coal reserves and its development approach. plans include harnessing the potential of thermal power. Therefore, Orissa will be a focus Different sectors have different key priorities to of both national and international attention in be addressed through different initiatives over the context of climate change. different timeframe. Each sector will implement its initiatives relevant to their key priorities Addressing both adaptation and within themselves and in close integration mitigation: with different departments and stakeholders involved. The state CAP will address both mitigation and adaptation issues in a holistic manner by During this CAP implementation, GoO will implementing all the activities in the action demonstrate, promote and encourage plan. It has been recognised that adaptation is different initiatives through policy changes and of much greater significance. implementation actions as a response to climate change. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 83 Involve stakeholders: Dynamic document: GoO will involve stakeholders, particularly Approaches to responding to climate change community, in a more proactive way in the CAP are fast changing based on research being done implementation. This involvement will relate across the world. Given this situation, this 5-year to (i) promoting much greater climate change CAP should be seen as a dynamic document awareness within community, (ii) identifying rather than a fixed in time or static one. The problematic issues relevant to climate change, key priorities provide the guidance and direction (iii) support in monitoring of climate-induced that GoO wishes to take. Keeping these key problems and (iv) ensuring greater accountability priorities, flexibility will have to be exercised to the people on climate change issues. in implementing the proposed initiatives so that Stakeholder involvement will be an effective these are in line with the latest and uptodate tool with stakeholders, who play an important developments in this fast-changing discipline. part in bringing out the solutions. If stakeholder involvement as described here is not initiated, Integrate climate change in new then stakeholders are bound to look at GoO as initiatives: an adversary and not as a partner. This CAP was prepared taking into account the current development activities and how climate Orissa Climate Change Agency: change considerations need to be integrated To ensure the effective implementation of the in all those. As there will be new development above approach, a Climate Change Agency will activities in each of these sector, it will also be be put in place to provide advisory, supervisory ensured that climate change considerations are and co-ordination services to the state. This integrated with these as well. Agency will facilitate dealing with the GoI and the various external funding agencies in the Monitoring of CAP: context of climate change. Climate change is relevant to most sectors and departments within the GoO. As activities across Once the Orissa Climate Change Agency is all sectors and departments are identified and established, GoO will ensure transparency by planned through state planning processes, the sharing information on all its climate change monitoring and evaluation of this CAP will be related activities on a public website. done in close co-ordination with the monitoring of the state planning activities. Over a period Going beyond environmental & climate 1-2 years, the process of monitoring the CAP change professionals: will be streamlined with the monitoring of From the range of issues / concerns, it is activities under the state planning framework quite clear that even though climate change with half yearly monitoring of priority actions in is an environmental challenge, the response respective sector. Those would be compiled and requires non-environmental professionals. reported to the highest levels of Goverment. Resolving climate change issues cannot be done in isolation by the environmental or climate Budget: change fraternity alone. The issues/problems Any estimation for implementation of Climate are so fundamental and deep in the sectoral Change Action Plan will only be a rough context that the respective sector professionals estimate. However the budget for climate have to address these problems. Policy-makers, change response actions has been estimated to economists, planners, engineers, scientists, be Rs. 17,000 Crore for a 5-year period between development programme specialists and 2010 and 2015. This estimate includes both others have to be encouraged to contribute existing / already earmarked resources and towards resolving climate change problems in a additional resources required to shift Orissa structured way. towards a carbon-conscious, climate-resilient 84 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan development path. Energy, forests, coasts & in implementing this CAP gets a substantive disasters, agriculture, water resources and boost if there is an active involvement and urban are the sectors that constitute about engagement of the GoO staff in preparing 80 percent of the overall budget. Parts of these plans. A similar multi-sector and the Action Plan can be implemented with the integrated approach should therefore be available resources of the departments and adopted for future CAP preparations. additional funds may have to be provided  While all sectors were directly or indirectly for certain activities. As the implementation covered in preparing the first CAP, there proceeds, the picture will be clearer. were some departments of the GoO that were not actively engaged, e.g. Education department. The overall focus on capacity

8.3 Recommendations for future CAPs building addresses an educational goal / target but this is not implemented through The preparation of this CAP was undertaken the formal systems of the Education over approximately a 6-month period from the department. In the next version of the CAP, commencement of the climate change scoping those GoO departments that have not been study. Being the first CAP of its kind, the next directly engaged should be encouraged to steps of the preparation process / methodology be involved so that new perspectives and was developed as progress was made. From the approaches emerge. experience of preparing this CAP, the following  As climate change has an all-pervading are the recommendations for preparing future influence, it is relevant to most sectors CAPs in the state: and departments within the Government.  Following the implementation of this first Activities across all sectors and departments CAP, awareness and knowledge on climate are identified through state planning change issues / concerns would have processes and budgets are prepared on an developed across the state. Therefore, the annual basis. With the implementation of overall capacity of both Government staff this first CAP, the move towards climate- across all levels as well as those of the friendly sectoral development will be external stakeholders will be considerably achieved. Subsequent CAPs should aim to higher. Once built, this capacity should identify only the additional activities and be collectively and gainfully used in a budgets required to further move the sector consultative, participatory and inclusive development plans towards being more manner in determining the focus areas of climate-responsible. There should be a attention in the next version of the CAP. monitoring and advisory group comprising  As was done in the first CAP, a set of sector Chief Secretary as its chair, representatives working groups – 11 working groups were of line departments, 2 experts from the established - should be created within the state and 2 NGO representatives.They GoO to prepare subsequent CAPs as well. should meet at least twice in a year and The ownership and commitment of the GoO take stock. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 85 Annexure 1 List of Working Groups Chairpersons, Convenors and Members Name Designation Department Agriculture Shri U P Singh, Chairman Secretary Agriculture Shri G.B. Reddy, Convenor Director Orissa Watershed Development Mission Secretary/Additional Secretary Water Resources Department Shri B J Sharma Ex-Director Agriculture Shri B. Giri I/C Director, Agriculture Agriculture Shri G N Mohanty Joint Director, Agriculture Agriculture Dr K C Das I/C Director, Horticulture Agriculture Shri P.K. Sahu I/C Director, Soil Conservation Agriculture Shri N.K. Mohapatra Director, Hydrology Water Resources Department ShriPrasant Ku Satapathy Agril Economist Agriculture Prof S S Nanda Dean, Extension Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology Dr Madan Mohan Panda Dean, Research Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology Mr. S N Pasupalak Agro-meteorologist Orissa University of Agricultural and Technology Shri Niranjan Sahu PSU Coordinator Orissa Watershed Development Mission Coasts & Disasters Shri. Raj Kumar Sharma Commissioner-cum-Secretary Revenue & Disaster Management Department Chairperson Shri Ajit Kumar Patnaik, Chief Executive Chilika Development Authority Convenor Shri Nikunja K Sundaray Managing Director Orissa State Disaster Management Authority Shri Khagendranath Jena Additional Secretary Fisheries and Animal Resources Department Shri N.K.Mohapatra Director, Hydrology Water Resources Shri Guru Ch. Ray Special Secretary Commerce & Transport Shri S. S. Srivastava Chief Conservator of Forests (CCF), Forests Wildlife Miss Shenhalata Bhuiyan Joint Secretary Revenue & Disaster Management Department Shri S. Kabi Executive Director Orissa State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) Dr.C.S.Kar Senior Research Officer Wildlife Wing of Forest Department Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 87 Name Designation Department Energy Shri Pradeep Kumar Jena, Commissioner cum Secretary Energy Department, Government of Orissa Chairperson (GoO) Shri B.P. Singh, Member Special Secretary Forest & Environment Department, GoO Smt. Debadutta Saranjita Jena, Under Secretary Steel & Mines Member Shri D.P. Mohanty, Member Additional Secretary Industries Shri Y. Sethi, Member Additional Secretary Commerce & Transport Shri R.P. Panda, Member General Manager IPICOL Dr. Akhila Kumar Swar, Senior Environmental Engineer State Pollution Control Board, Orissa Convenor Shri Bhabagrahi Mohapatra, Additional Secretary Energy Department, GoO Nodal Officer Fisheries Shri G. Mohan Kumar, Principal Secretary Fisheries & Animal Resources Chairperson Shri Ajit Kumar Patnaik, Chief Executive Chilika Development Authority Convenor Shri Sibanarayan Mishra Director, Fisheries Fisheries & ARD Department Director Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Shri Khagendranath Jena Additional Secretary Fisheries & ARD Department Shri Balaram Sahu Research Associate OBPI Directorate of Animal Resources & Veterinary Services Forests Shri U.N. Behera, Chairperson Principal Secretary Forests & Environment Shri A.K. Bansal, Member Project Director Orissa Forestry Sector Development Project (OFSDP) Shri P.N.Padhi, Member Principal Chief Conservator of Forests Forests, Wildlife Shri U.P. Singh, Member Secretary/Additional Secretary Agriculture Shri S.N. Tripathy, Member Secretary Panchayati Raj Department Shri B.Behera, Member Director, Environment Forests & Environment Shri S.S. Srivastava, Member CCF(WL) Forests & Environment Secretary/Director Tourism Shri G.B.Reddy, Member Project Director Orissa Watershed Development Mission Shri R. Kumar, Member Joint Project Director Orissa Forests State Development Project (OFSDP) Shri S.K.Lohani, Member Director (SP) Shri B.N. Mishra, Member Dy Director (Tourism) Tourism Shri B.B. Rath, Member Tourism Officer Tourism Shri Debabrata Swain, Convenor CCF (PP&A) Forests 88 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Name Designation Department Health Working Group: Smt Anu Garg, Chairperson Commissioner-cum-Secretary Health & Family Welfare Shri Dilip K. Behera, Convenor Senior Environmental Scientist State Pollution Control Board Dr. G. N. Mahalik Director Health Services Shri P. K. Das Director Directorate of Medical Education & Training Shri P. K. Panigrahi Chief Engineer Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Shri Dillip Singh Chief Engineer Public Health Shri Siddhanta Das Member Secretary State Pollution Control Board Dr. D. Muduli, Nodal Officer Special Secretary Health & Family Welfare Other key contributors: Dr. Alison Dembo Rath Team Leader Technical & Management Support Team (TMST) – OHSP Shri Amalin Pattnaik Programme Manager OHSP Dr. P. K. B. Pattnaik State Leprosy Officer Dr. Bikas Pattnaik Integrated Disease Surveillance Project Dr. Madan Mohan Pradhan Dy. Director Malaria Shri Suvendu Mendali Waste Manager Shri Jyoti Kanungo F & CW Shri Devjit Mittra TMST & DMD Dr. S. Kar Additional Director Health Industry Shri Saurabh Garg, Chairperson Commissioner-cum Secretary Industries Shri Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, Senior Environmental Engineer State Pollution Control Board Convenor Shri Siddhanta Das Member Secretary State Pollution Control Board Shri H. Sharma Director of Industries Industries Shri D. P. Mohanty Additional Secretary Industries Shri B. Mohapatra Additional Secretary Energy Shri R. P. Panda General Manager IPICOL Shri P. Pradhan Joint Director of Industries Industries Mining Shri Ashok Mahadeo Rao Dalwai Principal Secretary Steel & Mines Shri Manoj Ahuja Commissioner-Cum- Secretary Steel & Mines Shri Rama Nagaraja Reddy, Chief Conservator of Forests, Forest Forests Convenor Diversion, FC Act Shri Harihar Panigrahi Special Secretary Steel and Mines Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh Special Secretary Forests & Environment Shrimati Devidutta. Suranjana Under Secretary Jena Shri B. C. Pattanaik Director Mines Shri M. R Pattanaik. Additional Director Steel and Mines Shri Nihar Ranjan Sahoo Senior Environmental Engineer State Pollution Control Board Shri Singa Tiu, Chairman, Regional Controller of IBM Bhubaneswar Mines Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 89 Name Designation Department Transport Shri Satyabrata Sahu, Commissioner-cum Secretary Commerce & Transport Chairperson Shri P.K. Prusty, Convenor Senior Scientist Forests & Environment Shri G C Ray Special Secretary Commerce & Transport Shri P Dash Special Secretary, Industry Shri Deepak Mohanty Additional Secretary Housing & Urban Development Shri Yudhishtir Sethi Additional Secretary Commerce & Transport Shri B K Sahu EE, Asst to Chief Engineer, Roads Works Urban Shri Arun Kumar Panda, Principal Secretary Housing & Urban Development Chairperson Shri Deepak Mohanty, Additional Secretary Housing & Urban Development Convenor Shri G.C. Ray Commissioner, Rail Coordination Commerce & Transport and Spl. Secy Shri Siddhanta Das Member Secretary State Pollution Control Board Shri B.B. Mohanty Additional Secretary Energy Er. B. Tripathy Executive Engineer Works (World Bank Project) Shri P.K. Pattnaik Asst. Town Planner Shri P.B. Rout Coordinator, S.E.(P&M), O/o C.E. Public Health (Urban) Water Resources Shri Suresh Chandra Mohapatra, Principal Secretary Water Resources Chairperson Shri B.N. Bhol, Convenor Senior Environment Scientist State Pollution Control Board Shri Phani Bhusan Rout Superintending Engineer Housing & Urban Development Shri Siddhanta Das Member Secretary State Pollution Control Board Shri N.K. Mohapatra Director, Hydrology Water Resources Department Shri P.K. Sathpathi Chief Statistician Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production Shri B.K. Soren Asst Chief Engineer Public Health Urban Shri Prabhat Kumar Behera Executive Engineer Public Health Urban Shri Harish Chandra Behera Engineer-in-Chief Water Resources 90 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Annexure 2 List of templates used in preparation Template 1 Department: Date: A. List of activities identified in the scoping report Type1 Response Activity Title2 Organizations3 Ref. No.4 B. List of additional activities to be considered5 Type Response Activity Title Organizations Ref. No. 1 Indicate whether it is Mitigation or Adaptation or Both. 2 Describe the Response activity 3 List the organizations to be involved with the response activity. 4 Provide a department reference number, e.g. FOR/CAP/1 for Forest Department’s Activity 1. 5 Consider policies and schemes under planning & implementation by the respective departments. Consider both the Central and State 6 Government schemes. Also, consider the prevailing practices in the associated sector. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 91 Template 2 Department: Date: [Note: To be completed for all identified activities included in Template 1] A. Reference No. B. Response Activity Title C. Objective of the Response Activity D. Type of Activity (Mitigation or Adaptation) E. Scale of Activity (State-wide or district-wide or particular area) F. Nature of Activity (Research Study/Policy Action/Pre-investment Study/Demonstration Project/Investment Project/Capacity Building/Regular Operation & Maintenance) G. Importance of Activity (High/Medium/Low) H. Constraints (None/Minimal/Large) [Consider technology, operational and financial constraints] I. Overall Priority Level (High/Medium/Low)6 6 Priority Level is determined as follows: (i) High if Importance is High and constraints are none or minimal. (ii) Medium if Importance is High and constraints are large. (iii) Medium if Importance is Medium. (iv) Low if Importance is Low 92 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Template 3 Department: Date: [Note: To be completed only for High Priority Activities] A. Reference No. B. Objective and Proposed Action C. Type of Activity (Mitigation or Adaptation) D. Scale of Activity (State-wide or district or particular area) E. Nature of Activity (Research Study/Policy Action/Pre-investment Study/Demonstration Project/Investment Project/Capacity Building) F. Organizations involved G. Description of stages/sub-activities G1. G2. G3. H. Monitoring & Evaluation H1. Process indicators H2. Results/Outcome Indicators I. Timeframe (Short –term, i.e. 1-2 years/Medium-term, i.e. 3-5 years) J. Indicative Budget K. Source of funding, if identified Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 93 Annexure 3 Summary of Stakeholder Consultations Government of Orissa is one of the pioneering put pressure on the environment both due to states that have started developing its own land use change and degradation of forest area. action plan modeled in line with the National Rapid urbanisation and industrialisation have Action Plan on Climate Change. The sense of resulted in high congestion in transport and urgency was quite perceptible, as Orissa is scarcity of water and electricity. To consider more vulnerable to climate change. The 480 these issues in a holistic manner, a high level kms. long stretched coastline exposes many committee was formed under the chairmanship parts of the states toward calamities like of Chief Secretary and with Principal Secretary cyclone and disasters relating to sea level rise. Forest and Environment acting as its convenor. The frequently experienced extreme weathers Eleven working groups were formed drawn from conditions like drought and flood depicts the departments to deliberate on various actions states susceptibility. More than 2/3rd of its that would help in reducing the impact of population depends on agriculture and out of climate change in the state. this more than 75 percent depends on paddy which is highly sensitive to vagaries of monsoon. The main purpose of the workshop was to share High growth in metal and mineral sectors has the draft Climate Change Action Plan with the Location Date Chaired by No of Sectors Covered Participants Bhubaneswar 13th May 2010 Sri Pradeep Jena, IAS, 128 Urban, Transport, Industry, (Central/East) Commissioner-cum- Energy, Mining and Health secretary, Energy Berhampur (South) 19th May 2010 Dr CS Kumar, IAS, Revenue 71 Urban, Water, Agriculture, Divisional Commissioner, Fisheries and Health, Coasts South & Disasters Angul (Central/ 20th May 2010 Sri R Raghuprasad, IFS, 61 Industry, Mining, Forests, West) DFO-Wild Life Water, Energy Balasore (North/ 22nd May 2010 Sri Ajit Bharthuar, IFS, 47 Industry, Forest, Water East) Regional Chief Conservator and Agriculture, Coasts & of Forest, Simlipal Disasters, Fishery Bhubaneswar (State 24th May 2010 Sri R N Senapati, IAS, 153 Agriculture, Coasts & Level) Agricultural Production Disasters, Energy, Fisheries, Commissioner cum Forests, Health, Industry, Additional Development Mining, Transport, Urban Commissioner, Orissa and Water 94 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan other stakeholders like Civil Society, Grassroots Agencies, industries and academic bodies in Participant Breakup: 460 order to get their feedback and to make the plan Others more inclusive. 11% Government 30% Media As part of that process five stakeholder 16% consultation workshops were planned. The following table shows the locations, sectors covered and the total number of participants. Private/Industry Subsequent charts show the breakup of the 14% NGO 15% participants, the breakup of the priority actions Academic debated in the workshops. 6% CBO/Associations/PRIs 8% About 460 participants registered who acted as knowledge partner in the workshop besides CTRAN staff, support staff and some of the like CEE, RCDC, PRADAN, BASIX and bi-lateral invited speakers (who did not sign the registration and multilateral agencies. CSOs are combination sheet). So the total number was about 500. of grassroots organisations, associations and unions like Matsyajibi Mahasangh (Federation Effort was made to invite almost double the of Fisherfolks), Jangal Adhikar Manch, SHG number of persons to ensure that all sections federations, etc. Industry associations like CII and are represented and the consultations were Utkal Chambers of Commerce who participated well attended covering all priority sectors. The are not included in this category and classified following chart shows the breakup. as industries. Others category included retired experts, research students, activists, etc. The NGOs included national level NGOs as well The workshop format for the regional consultation was as follows. Session Plan Content Inaugural session Introduction to workshop objective, context and process of CCAP formation Technical sessions Presentation on priority sectors and priority actions Discussion Feed back about the sectors and the action plan: this was done sometimes in small groups and sometimes after the technical presentation of a particular sector. In total the Draft Climate Change Action plan validated the 303 priority actions in 11 sectors. Sectors No. of priority actions deliberated Agriculture 37 Coastal Disaster 24 Energy 42 Fishery 14 Forestry 14 Health 10 Industry 60 Mining 42 Transport 19 Urban 21 Water 20 Total 303 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 95 In terms of spatial break up; 136 related to appropriate. Additional issues were raised adaptation, 123 related to mitigation and 28 and suggestions made by the stakeholders in could not be classified either way. Similarly, different consultations. The following sections 190 actions had state-wide repercussions capture this feedback as cross cutting issues and and 66 actions were related to specific area/ sector-specific issues. It also captures how the clusters; and 30 fell in other category. panels fielded for the consultation responded to some of these issues. The suggestions arising The statekholder feedback revealed that all out of these consultations have been forwarded the identified priority actions were considered to the convenors to discuss in their respective Cross cutting issues Key Processes Observations/Issues Remark CAP formulation The process is well coordinated; but seems The workshops are meant for this process to be moving very fast; many regional level after the workshop due process will be experts and activists did not get a chance followed through web-hosting for wider consultation. There should be definite time frame for CAP finalisation State Climate Change Action Plan is modeled as per the National Climate World Bank Influence on the process Change Action Plan and World Bank is only providing help of experts and supporting the public consultation to get wider views. State is the ultimate owner and implementer and would seek support where such expertise is available. Exclusion CAP does not have enough focus on tribal Jangal adhikar Manch who participated groups and impact of Climate in their life; felt strongly about this Education department can play an active role in disseminating the Environmental concerns but have been left out Some representation from PRIs and Panchayati Raj department has been left out department was there but need though they play an active role consideration Senior officials (technical experts are ignoring districts; policies ignoring certain regions and favouring only certain sectors so balance is needed) District level planning needed which is eco- system specific should be the process to build up state plan; should be in local language and easily understandable 96 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Key Processes Observations/Issues Remark Implementation First a baseline for the state in different Modalities of the institutional arrangement Process sectors need to be established so that the will factor in these views. impact can be measured; the plan does not have any clear indicators and budget; Focus should be on livelihood creation and restoration and risk management; there seems to be more thrust on policy making. Inter-departmental coordination is crucial; but there should be accountability. Past experience of external agencies and international consultants has not helped the state (e.g. power sector reform); involvement of multiple stake-holders, local agencies and local research institutions in implementation would make it successful. Climate change cells should be formed at the district level Perception survey should follow capacity building. Information, education and communication on various aspects of the climate change should be a major component. Existing polices/programmes need to be examined before attempting to build a new one; actions to be monitorable. Larger administrative reform will be necessary to mainstream the climate change agenda, technology transfer and dissemination. There is very little focus on investment budget Budget will be rationalised and currently the and the indicative figures show high variance (in budget is only indicative. one sector budget for mainstreaming climate change cost in lakh in other in crore); details are missing or not explained in the plan. working group before the draft version gets reduction and also encourage efficiency in finalised. irrigation to reduce CO2 emission L Crop diversifications Sector Specific Issues L Use varieties that can withstand weather Agriculture: stress and also varieties that can sequester L Main-stay of our state, worst affected carbon and other GHG; introduction of because of climate change and maximum bio-technology investment should be in this sector. L Prevent diversion of agricultural land L Promote traditional, organic and sustainable for non-agricultural use and ensure agriculture groundwater management L Preservation and management of L Weather insurance for risk transfer germ-plasm, traditional varieties and seeds L Reduce chemical fertiliser for NO2 Coastal and Disaster Management: Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 97 L Detailing of the research studies/ and balance conservation measures and how this is going to help in planning needs to be outlined Forestry: L Investment measures missing (in drainage, L Focus on sustainable timber harvest plan dredging and mangrove management) along with forestation and reforestation L Need thrust on climate resilient and revenue plantations infrastructure planning (e.g. Sea Water L Focus on forest based livelihood and their Guard/Wall for Coastal Cities) in coastal protection region with a long term perspective to L No diversion of forest land/plantations for prevent storm surge, flood plain damage construction and ensuring g plantations in hilly areas Energy: L Streamlining the usage of CAMPA and L Focus and promote renewable energy and preparation of a plan that is convergent with a clear policy to incentivise them and fast agriculture, watershed, mining, industry and track them (include renewable policy, RPO, tribal development technology transfer) L Promote hydro power : dedicated cell for Health: hydro power L Bio-medical waste management L Reorganise the energy department to tackle L Assessment of health impact due to climate the emerging challenge stressed areas L Concrete action plan for T&D loss reduction L More research and capacity building to (Orissa is not getting APDRP support despite tackle vector borne diseases being a pioneer in reform) L Food security should not come under L Promoting energy efficiency in all sectors health department. Agriculture and public industry, irrigation, housing, etc and distribution departments should be involved ensuring regular M&V through energy audit with it L Advance technology (super-critical) for L Disease forecasting system like weather fossil fuel plant forecast L Integrated policy taking into account all L Health and climate impact of appliances energy sources (Biogas, bio-mass, energy like ACs conservation, reuse and rehabilitation of L Legal measures to check polluters and the old plants) recover the health hazrd costs through regulatory measure at local level Fisheries: L Livelihood planning for the fishermen Industry: and capacity building to adapt to climate L Focus on clean production (industrial change waste management, recycling and reuse: L Modern technology for forecast at the local creation of waste bank): fly ash, waste level and early warning water, chemicals etc. L Protection of fishery infrastructure and L Finding innovative partnership and catch incentive mechanism like CSR and PPP in L Investment in habitat and estuary carbon market operations like CDM and management and protection of endangered VCM species like horse shoe crab, Olive Ridley L Spreading out of industrial clusters based turtles and mangroves and managing the on carrying capacity, carbon foot print conflict with fishing through a compensation L Water management, effluent management formula and energy management plan L Research needed on impact of climate L Capacity building and awareness creation change on inland and coastal aquaculture 98 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan on clean technology and processes and Water: emission profile monitoring especially for L Management of wetland to have a cooling the MSME sector effect L Management of groundwater and mechanism Mining: to monitor the theft L Monitoring of socio-economic and Environment L Management of storm water in the mining clusters in intervals L Sustainable basin management for proper L Investment plan for green zones leveraging flow funds from different sources L Investment in minor and sub-minors to L Cleaner extraction and creating incentives reduce impact of flash flood in non-costal for such processes through policy hilly areas L Investment plan for creation of dedicated L Cleaning of encroachment in the discharge corridors for transportation dirty cargo areas and flood plains around Bhubaneswar and prevent land use Transport: L Green transport system and low carbon Overall summary: high way pilot is fine but upscaling plan in L Mainstream climate issues into the sectoral other areas policies before that it is impraynt to assess L Improvement of public transportation what we have already system and policy disincentive for private L Finding the realistic budget should be based carriage (MRTS and BRTS) on clear norms and indicators and it should L Traffic planning and forecast system for see the current availability from existing avoiding congestion sources and estimate what is the short fall L Scrappage system for old vehicles L Building Capacities is not enough using the (>15 years) capacity is key L Investment in infrastructure for clean fuel L Capacity of the implementing institutions and check for fuel adulterations (steeper should be assessed and enhanced penalty: law exists) Way Forward: Urban: L The feedback obtained so far though various L Action on land use planning, tackling discussions, consultations, emails have been encroachment in urban CPRs/like wetlands made available to the convenors; and avenue plantations L The convenors will deliberate this and L Regulatory measure to prevent land use revise the action plan by the week ending changes that encroach river catchment, flood 29th May 2010; plains and discharge areas, and creation of L Secretary Forest and Environment has urban forests and avenue plantation assembled a team that will read this whole L Attitudinal change of ULBs on energy document and plan and provide feedback; efficiency measures L A web version will be hosted on 5th June L Efficiency in water supply, water management 2010; (storm water) and rainwater harvesting L This will be available for public inputs for a L Promotion of green building and manage fortnight; essential regulatory aspects L The finalised plan will be released L Specific plans for migrants and their during the Vana Mahotsav week during livelihoods focussing on the pressure they July 2010. exert on urban resources Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 99 Annexure 4 Sectorwise table of key priorities Agriculture - Key Priorities Sl. No. Title Orgns. Budget Exist. Addl. Total Source of funding AG/KP/1 Rapid screening and DOA/OUAT Rs. 143 Crore Central sector & State strategy assessment of state Plan Schemes Agriculture policy in the context of climate change AG/KP/2 Establishing institutional OWDM Rs. 100 Crore GoI/Externally Aided delivery mechanisms to Projects promote best practices on climate change adaptation AG/KP/3 Capacity Building on adapting to climate change (a) Capacity Building and OWDM Rs. 100 Crore EAP Technical Support to CBOs for better management of land & water to adapt to climatic risks (b) Capacity Building of Extension DOA IMAGE/ Rs. 54 Crore Central sector plans Personnel & Farmers RITES and state plan (c) Use of GP training Hubs for DOH Rs. 4 Crore DFID dissemination of information on climate change AG/KP/4 Continuing the livelihood- OWDM Rs. 1000 Crore GoI/GoO/Externally focused, people-centric Aided Projects integrated watershed development programmes in rainfed areas vulnerable to climate variations AG/KP/5 Increasing the area under DOH Rs. 50 Crore State Govt. & Central perennial fruit plantation Govt to help cope with uncertain weather patterns 100 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. No. Title Orgns. Budget Exist. Addl. Total Source of funding AG/KP/6 Developing water-efficient DOH Rs. 12 Crore State Govt. & Central micro irrigation methods and Govt individual/community farm ponds AG/KP/7 Improving monitoring and DOA Rs. 24 Crore Central sector & State surveillance techniques in the Plan Schemes context of climate change AG/KP/8 Developing sustainable soil, OUAT Rs. 2.5 Crore ICAR/GoI/GoO/EAP water and crop management practices AG/KP/9 Breeding studies on major OUAT Rs. 2.5 Crore ICAR/GoI/GoO/EAP crops for tolerance/resistance to high temperature, submergence and drought under elevated carbon dioxide AG/KP/10. Research (a) Preparedness to tackle OUAT Rs. 2 Crore ICAR/GoI/GoO/EAP emerging scenarios of pests (b) Increased production of rice OUAT Rs. 2 Crore ICAR/GoI/GoO/EAP seeds to meet requirement under various weather scenarios (c) Climate risk management OUAT Rs. 2 Crore ICAR/GoI/GoO/EAP services Total Rs. 1498 Crore (approx Rs. 1,500 Crore) Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 101 Coasts & Disasters - Key Priorities Sl. No. Title Departments/ Budget (Rs. Crore) Source of Organisations funding Exist Addl. Total CD/KP/1 Flood mapping, flood forecasting, OSDMA, Water 0 50 50 GoI/ External downscaled climate change Resources, GoO funding agency projection modeling, preparation of (Institution to be improved flood management plans. identified for carrying out modeling) CD/KP/2 Assessment of erosion prone areas Housing and Urban 0 3 3 GoI with the help of Digital Elevation Development, Works, Model Industry, Energy, Agriculture ,Rural Development and Transport Department with the help of ICMAM, Chennai, ORSAC CD/KP/3 Special study on micro and meso level OSDMA, Rural 0 200 200 GoI, GoO, effects of coastal erosion along the D e v e l o p m e n t External Aid coast of Orissa with special reference Department, Works to coastal roads and settlement Department, H & U.D. Department CD/KP/4 Micro level vulnerability assessment OSDMA, Housing & 0 50 50 GoI, GoO, of different state resources like Urban Development, External Aid housing, public infrastructure, Works, Agriculture, agriculture land, livelihood issues Panchayati Raj and socio-economic aspects of different levels of population due to effects of climate change resulting in extreme weather events. CD/KP/5 Construction of flood shelters OSDMA, Rural 28 72 100 GoI, GoO, in unconventionally vulnerable Development External Aid locations (i.e. traditionally dry areas 50 shelters facing flooding and water logging due are under to climate change) and strengthening construction the community to face the changing with Rs. 28 crore patterns of adaptation. from CMRF CD/KP/6 Need assessment and construction OSDMA, Rural 180 220 400 Rs. 165 crore of multipurpose cyclone shelters in Development provided by the cyclone prone areas of the state World Bank along with provision of emergency under NCRMP equipment to the cyclone shelters for construction and strengthening the capacity of 155 of the local people for disaster multipurpose management cyclone shelters and godowns 14 cyclone shelters have been taken up at a cost of Rs.15 Crore under ICZM project 102 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. No. Title Departments/ Budget (Rs. Crore) Source of Organisations funding Exist Addl. Total CD/ Developing a hydrological framework OSDMA, Geological 0 100 100 GoI, GoO, KP/7 with legally binding connotations Survey of India, Water External Aid for ground water conservation/ Resources, Public replenishment through development Health Department of watershed both in semi-arid and rain fed areas, identification, protection and rejuvenation of traditional water bodies, natural drainage channels and moribund river channels. CD/ Dredging and widening of river Water Resources 0 150 150 GoI, GoO, KP/8 mouths to facilitate speedy discharge Department, Forest and External Aid of flood water which otherwise Environment aggravate the flood situation by lengthening the duration and depth of flooding arising out of erratic and intense pattern of rainfall due to effects of climate change. CD/KP/9 Sustainable shelter belt plantation, Forest & Environment 0 40 40 GoI, GoO, natural vegetation, mangrove Department, External Aid generation and cropping patterns Agriculture, OSDMA, in view of the changing climate and Corporate sector weather conditions. Utilization of working in coastal traditional knowledge and adaptive areas, mechanism available with the community in a systematic way through an organized institutional mechanism CD/ Developing a techno-legal regime OSDMA, Rural Nil 1 1 GoI, GoO, KP/10 for construction of disaster resilient Development, Housing External Funding housing and public infrastructure and Urban Development Agency with respect to changing climate conditions such as extreme heat events, flooding of traditionally non flood prone areas and in the areas of coastal erosion and land subsidence. CD/ Integration and strengthening of Revenue & Disaster Nil 0.5 0.5 GoI, GoO, KP/11 climate change risk issues in the Management, OSDMA External Funding state Disaster management policy Agency with robust framework for dealing with extreme events associated with climate change with its pro active and multi hazard approach to disaster management. CD/ Setting up an integrated training Revenue & Disaster Nil 100 100 GoI, GoO, KP/12 and capacity building protocol for Management, External Funding raising the level of awareness of the Agriculture, F&ARD, Agency community and major stakeholders OSDMA with respect to the mitigation and adaptation mechanism arising due to effects of climate change on agriculture and livelihood support systems and disaster preparedness. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 103 Sl. No. Title Departments/ Budget (Rs. Crore) Source of Organisations funding Exist Addl. Total CD/ Assessment of risks due to lighting Revenue & Disaster Nil 20 20 GoI, GoO, KP/13 and thunder storm. Increase of such Management, OSDMA, External Funding climate hazards may have climate Agency change connotations which need to be explored through elaborate scientific study and mitigation measures. CD/ Identification of potential location Water Resources , Nil 300 300 GoI, GoO, KP/14 and construction of check-dams to OSDMA External agency contain flash flooding in high gradient funding river basins due to extreme rain events possibly owing to changing climate conditions. CD/ Prediction through appropriate CDA, Wildlife Wing Nil 1.5 1.5 I C Z M KP/15 modeling the impact of sea level rise Forest Department p r o j e c t ( Wo r l d on coastal ecosystem (for carrying out Bank) the modeling study appropriate international organisition to be identified. CD/ Study of impact of global warming on CDA, Wildlife Wing of Nil 5 5 GoI/ External KP/16 the biodiversity of coastal ecosystem Forest Department funding agency with special emphasis on flagship species. Total 208 1,105 1,313 Approx 1,300 Crore 104 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Energy - Key Priorities No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of funding Exist. Addl. Total ENERGY/KP/1 For generating cleaner energy through Energy Nil Nil Nil Not Applicable clean coal approaches the following Department policies need to be implemented by the Energy Department:  Switch over from Sub critical Technology to Super critical Technology by which coal consumption will reduce from 1 MT to 0.88 MT per MWh and increase in plant efficiency from 37% to 42%.  Encourage more Gas based Combined Cycle Power Plants where CO2 emission is 0.46 and which can be reduced to 0.25 per MWh  Washed coal to be used by the IPPs/CPPs for generation of power if ash content in coal exceed 40%  Use of Fluidised Bed Boiler and coal gasification. This will utilize the mines’ rejects and washery rejects for power generation.  Improvement of Boiler Efficiency through combustion Optimization by installation of dynamic coal flow balancing system with continuous Online residual carbon analyser in the boilers.  Promoting Merchant Power Plant in Existing Industrial unit with variable PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) option  Develop state-level energy efficiency standards for the various sectors adopting ECBC.  Existing Thermal power plant to conduct Life Cycle Analysis of their plants as per CEA Benchmark and implementation of R&M measures to improve the efficiency Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 105 No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of funding Exist. Addl. Total ENERGY/KP/2 Institutional development (Capacity Energy Rs. 10 Rs. 30 Rs. 40 GoO/GoI/EFA building/restructuring) of Energy Department Crore Crore Crore Department for implementing policies and conducting studies consisting of following activities.  Functional Reorganization And Capacity Building Of The Energy Department, OERC & OREDA To Have A Coherent Road Map to achieve efficient functioning and implementation of energy efficiency, energy conservation, promotion of renewable energy.  Integrated Super critical (660 MW) IPP Policy (Coal Washeries, Fly Ash based cement and brick plants) Minimum unit size for the purpose of IPP/MPP should not be less than 300 MW to achieve minimum standards of efficiency.  Revised RPO based on the Changing Load mix and Assessment of Evacuation Infrastructure  To conduct a study for determination of State Emission intensity  Develop an operational plan for the Fund that will get revenue for the sale of power that is exported.  Feasibility study of establishment of coal based thermal power plants along coast of Orissa, use of saline water and dedicated rail corridor for coal transportation to be conducted.  Feasibility of Implementation of emerging Clean Coal Technologies through pilot projects in Orissa  Training of the Members of working group or their representatives of different departments and organisations on sector specific climate change issues 106 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of funding Exist. Addl. Total ENERGY/KP/3 Reduction of T & D losses: Develop Energy Rs.2,000 Rs.3,500 Rs.5,500 GoI, APDRP, an operational plan for a targeted department Crore Crore Crore RGGVY Funding reduction of losses due to pilferage & DISCOMS from R&M and outdated systems (estimated to resources/EFA be about 40%). The activity includes augmentation of T & D infrastructure and investment plan, enhancing present practices for improved load management & feasibility study of evacuation corridors ENERGY/KP/4 DSM/EE: Develop a comprehensive Energy Rs. 75 Rs. 385 Rs. 460 GoO/External policy and plan to save energy use in Department, Crore Crore Crore Funding order to reduce the demand – supply DISCOMS & Agencies gap and contribute towards climate ESCO change abatement including the following measures:  Implementation of utility level DSM measures – Policy action  Awareness Generation for Energy Conservation  Promotion and implementation of the National BEE’s ECBC code for widespread adoption in the state to reduce the energy consumption in buildings.  For proper energy monitoring, capacity building of energy auditors, strengthening of existing energy conservation Cell supported with manpower and infrastructure. ENERGY/KP/5 For effective fly ash utilization and State Nil Rs. 60 Rs. 60 GoO/External emission reduction from power Pollution Crore Crore Funding plants there is necessity of capacity Control Agencies building of State Pollution Control Board Board including the following policy actions/studies.  Compile information from the several studies and initiatives that have been done on fly ash and develop an operational plan for effective utilization of fly ash - Study  Installation of equipments at IPPs/ CPPs for NOx reduction - Policy action ENERGY/ Promotion of Small and Medium EIC/Energy Rs. 5 Rs. 36 Rs. 41 GoO/GoI/ KP/06 Hydel plants Department Crore Crore Crore External Funding Agencies Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 107 No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of funding Exist. Addl. Total ENERGY/ Maximize harnessing OREDA Nil Rs. 50 Crore Rs. 50 Central Financial KP/07 biomass potential in Crore Assistance of the state through co- MNRE/IREDA on generation/thermal/ different biomass power plant/gasification projects/ to feed the grid as Green cess/ green power. Increase in Users’ application of CPP both contribution/CDM in grid and stand alone revenue/EFA mode Energy/KP/08 Promotion of Grid based OREDA Nil Rs. 50 Crore Rs. 50 Central Financial Wind power generation Crore Assistance of MNRE/IREDA/ CDM revenue/EFA Energy/KP/09 Maximize solar power OREDA Nil Rs. 100 Crore Rs. Central Financial generation in the state 100 Assistance of in both PV and thermal Crore MNRE/IREDA/ routes and increase the Users’ penetration of stand contribution/CDM alone solar systems revenue for use by institutions, communities and individuals Energy/ Development of Biogas OREDA Nil Rs. 4 Crore Rs. 4 GoO/EFA CAP/10 and manure management Crore including examining the bio fuel policy in the state and linkage with blending infrastructure Total: Rs. 2,285 Crore Rs. 4,215 Crore Approx. Rs. 6,500 Crore 108 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Fisheries & Animal Resources - Key Priorities No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of Exist. Addl. Total funding FARD/ Vaccination against Department of Rs. 34.00 Nil Rs. 34.00 GoO - Ongoing KP/1 contagious diseases, AH&VS Crore Crore programme Deworming, early disease warning system FARD/ Emphasis on Green fodder, Department of Rs. 144.00 Nil Rs. 144.00 GoO - Ongoing KP/2 pasture development and AH&VS Crore Crore programme grazing FARD/ Training on fodder Department of Rs. 0.50 Nil Rs. 0.50 GoO - Ongoing KP/3 production, fodder AH&VS Crore Crore training on conservation, rotational fodder grazing, Rain Water harvest technology, Methane gas harvesting technology, biogas tanks management FARD/KP/4 Conservation of local hardy Department of Nil Rs. 1.00 Rs. 1.00 GoO - Ongoing animals AH&VS Crore Crore programme FARD/KP/5 Gober Gas tanks/packing OREDA, Khadi Nil Rs. 0.50 Rs. 0.50 GoI/Donor to cylinders by compression & Village Crore Crore Agency/ like CNG Industries External aid FARD/KP/6 Easy and handy Methane Energy Nil Rs. 0.50 Rs. 0.50 GoI/Donor Harvest Technology at Department, Crore Crore Agency/ farmers point Khadi & Village External aid Industries FARD/KP/7 Disease Early Warning Veterinary Nil Rs. 2 Rs. 2 Crore GoI/Donor System Research Crore Agency/ Institute/ External aid Research Organisations FARD/KP/7 Impact of climate change FARD, OUAT Nil Rs. 2 Rs. 2 GoI/External on animal husbandry Crore Crore Funding Agency Application of biotechnology and skilled animal breeding for development of better adopted species FARD/KP/7 Capacity building of livestock FARD Nil Rs. 2.5 Rs. 2.5 GoI/GoO keepers Crore Crore FARD/KP/7 Impact of climate change FARD with Nil Rs. 3.0 Rs. 3.0 GoI/External on inland and coastal national ICAR Crore Crore Funding Agency aquaculture institutes. FARD/KP/7 Development of FARD, OSDMA Nil Rs. 5.0 Rs. 5.0 GoI/External infrastructure for early Crore Crore Funding Agency warning systems in coastal areas for fishers FARD/ Welfare activities like saving FARD Rs 24.00 cr Nil Rs 24.00 cr GoI/GoO KP/11 cum relief, group accident insurance scheme and provision of low cost house to the coastal fishermen communities. Total Rs. 200.50 Rs.16.50 Rs. 217.00 Crore Crore Crore Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 109 Forests - Key Priorities No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of funding Exist. Addl. Total FOR/KP/1 Increasing reforestation/ Forests Rs. 1,100 Rs. 1,400 Rs. 2,400 Rs 1100 crore from afforestation activities in Department Crore Crore Crore State and Central degraded forest areas budget, CAMPA, Finance Commission Grant; Remaining Rs 1400 Crore is to be funded externally FOR/KP/2 Protecting existing forest Forests Rs. 100 Rs. Rs. 500 Rs. 100 Crore from stocks to act as carbon sink Department Crore 400 Crore State and central with stronger conservation Crore budget, CAMPA, Finance Commission Grant; Rest Rs 400 crore has to be funded externally. FOR/KP/3 Increasing planting on non- Forests Rs. 10 Rs. 40 Rs. 50 Rs. 10 Crore from forest land and also exploring Department Crore Crore Crore State and central where new and increased tree budget, CAMPA, planting could create barriers OFSDP; Rest Rs 40 to storm and cyclone impacts crore has to be in coastal zones funded externally. FOR/KP/4 Covering bald-hills with Forests Rs. 10 Rs. 10 Rs. 20 Rs10 crore from suitable species mix Department Crore Crore Crore State budget, CAMPA; Rest Rs 10 crore has to be funded externally FOR/KP/5 Increasing and protecting Forests Rs. 50 Rs. 50 Rs. 100 Rs 50 crore from existing mangrove cover along Department Crore Crore Crore State and central the coast budget, OFSDP, CAMPA; Rest Rs 50 crore has to be funded externally. FOR/KP/6 Assessing fire management Forests Rs.10 Rs. 90 Rs. 100 Rs 10 crore from the strategies Department Crore Crore Crore state and central budget, OFSDP, Finance Commission grant; Rest Rs 90 crore has to be funded externally. FOR/KP/7 Improving tree planting Forests Nil Rs. 1,200 Rs. 1,200 External Funding and forest management to Department, Crore Crore Agencies integrate with watersheds and Orissa water resources management Watershed Development Mission and Water Resources Department 110 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of funding Exist. Addl. Total FOR/KP/8 Working to establish new Forests Rs. 10 Rs. 40 Rs. 50 Rs 10 crore may be systems to support for Department Crore Crore Crore funded from State community users budget, Finance Commission Grant, CAMPA and OFSDP; Rest of Rs 40 crore has to be funded from External Agency. FOR/KP/9 Undertaking studies on Forests Nil Rs. 10 Rs. 10 External Funding indigenous trees species to Department Crore Crore Agencies assess their vulnerability to climate change FOR/ Assessing additional threats to Forests Rs. 20 Rs. 80 Rs. 100 Rs 20 crore may be KP/10 biodiversity and wildlife Department Crore Crore Crore funded from State and Central budget, Finance Commission Grant, CAMPA and OFSDP; Rest of Rs 80 crore has to be funded from External Agency FOR/ Obtaining access to updated Forests Rs. 5 Rs. 5 Rs. 10 Rs 5 crore may be KP/11 knowledge on climate Department Crore Crore Crore funded from State change science and policy budget, Finance developments Commission Grant, CAMPA and OFSDP; Rest of Rs 5 crore has to be funded from External Agency. FOR/ Capacity building of Panchayati Forests Nil Rs. 5 Rs. 5 External Funding KP/12 Raj institutions/communities/ Department Crore Crore Agencies JFM institutions to adapt to climate change FOR/ Monitoring carbon stock Forests Nil Rs. 5 Rs. 5 External Funding KP/13 and biodiversity at regular Department Crore Crore Agencies intervals Total Rs. 1315 Rs. Approx. Rs. 4,650 Crore Crore 3,335 Crore Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 111 Health - Key Priorities No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of Exist. Addl. Total funding HEALTH/KP/1 Capacity Building of the DoHFW/WCD/Lab. Rs. 110 Crore GoI/External health sector on climate & Employment/ Funding change on both adaptation Revenue Agencies/CSR and mitigation aspects budgets HEALTH/KP/2 Integrating climate change DoHFW Rs. 1.5 Crore GoI/External considerations in the State Funding Health policy Agencies/CSR budgets HEALTH/KP/3 Strengthening approaches DoHFW/NVBDCP Rs. 75 Crore GoI/External to manage vector borne Funding disease that have worsened Agencies/CSR due to climate change budgets impacts HEALTH/KP/4 Strengthening approaches DoHFW/Revenue Rs. 165 Crore GoI/External to deal with heat wave Funding conditions exacerbated Agencies/CSR due to climate change. budgets HEALTH/KP/5 Strengthening approaches DoHFW/OSDMA Rs. 15 Crore GoI/External to deal with the physical Funding and psychological impacts Agencies/CSR due to extreme weather budgets conditions caused by climate change HEALTH/KP/6 Addressing drought, DoHFW/WCD/ Rs. 35 Crore GoI/External nutrition & food security Agric. Funding due to increased risk Agencies/CSR of drought, consequent budgets decline in agriculture and increased malnutrition & food security HEALTH/KP/7 Undertaking measures DoHFW/PHED Rs. 30 Crore GoI/External to manage water borne Funding disease that have worsened Agencies/CSR due to climate change budgets impacts HEALTH/KP/8 Research & studies on DoHFW/Agric./ Rs. 65 Crore GoI/External climate change and health WCD Funding impacts Agencies/CSR budgets HEALTH/KP/9 Addressing food safety DoHFW/Agric. Rs. 5 Crore GoI/External that is undermined as a Funding result of increased ambient Agencies/CSR temperatures and extreme budgets events HEALTH/ Studying the interlinkages SPCB/DoHFW Rs. 1 crore GoI/External KP/10 between air quality and Funding climate change, and Agencies/CSR implications on health budgets Total Rs. 502.5 Crore or Approx Rs. 500 Crore 112 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Industry - Key Priorities No. Title Organisation Budget Source of Exist. Addl. Total funding IND/KP/1 Integrate climate concerns Industries Nil Rs. 30 Rs. 30 Crore External in policies and plans for Department Crore Funding industrial development and Agencies related areas IND/KP/2 Prepare GHG profile of major Industries Nil Rs. 10 Rs. 10 Crore GoI industrial cluster Department and Crore State Pollution Control Board IND/KP/3 Heat-island study for Talcher State Pollution Nil Rs. 10 Rs. 10 Crore GoI and Jharsuguda area Control Board Crore IND/KP/4 Training various stakeholders Forests & Nil Rs. 62 Rs. 62 Crore GoI / External on climate change issues Environment Crore Funding Department Agencies IND/KP/5 Implement a system of Water Resources Nil Rs. 100 Rs. 100 Crore GoI / External compensatory water Department Crore Funding harvesting Agencies IND/KP/6 Streamline institutional OSDMA Nil Rs. 110 Rs. 110 Crore External arrangement and strengthen Crore Funding OSDMA to tackle extreme Agencies climate events in coastal area IND/KP/7 Carry out energy efficiency State Pollution Nil Rs. 10 Rs. 10 Crore GoI / External study for iron & steel, Control Board Crore Funding thermal power, cement and Agencies aluminum sector IND/KP/8 Promote use of bulk waste Industries Nil Rs. 10 Rs. 10 Crore GoI / External material like fly ash, dolo- Department and Crore Funding char, slag etc. State Pollution Agencies Control Board IND/KP/9 Setting emission targets for Industries Nil Rs. 10 Rs. 10 Crore GoI thermal power plants Department and Crore State Pollution Control Board Total Nil Rs. 322 Rs. 322 Crore (Approx Rs. 325 Crore Crore) Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 113 Mining - Key Priorities No. Title Organisation Budget Source of Exist. Addl. Total funding MIN/KP/1 Draft State Mineral Policy Steel & Mines Nil Rs. 10 Rs. 10 Lakh GoO incorporating climate Department Lakh concerns MIN/KP/2 Carry out a study to Steel & Mines Nil Rs. 200 Rs. 200 Lakh GoO determine appropriate Department Lakh policy instruments to promote energy efficiency in mining clusters and mineral transport. MIN/KP/3 Conduct a study to Steel & Mines Nil Rs. 100 Rs. 100 Lakh GoO / IBM identify the potential of Department Lakh beneficiation of low grade iron ore, manganese, graphite and chrome ore. MIN/KP/4 Establish a robust system of State Pollution Nil Rs. 30 Rs. 30 Lakh GoO environmental monitoring Control Board Lakh in major mining clusters MIN/KP/5 Protection of water Steel & Mines Rs. 1000 Rs. 1000 Rs. 2,000 GoO harvesting structures, Department and Lakh Lakh Lakh reservoirs, weirs etc. from Water Resources pollution and capacity Department reduction in catchments in mining intensive areas and restoration MIN/KP/6 Creation and maintenance Forests & Rs. 2,000 Nil Rs. 2,000 GoI (Campa of green zones in major Environment Lakh Lakh Funds)/GoO mining clusters Department MIN/KP/7 Imparting training on CDM Steel & Mines Nil Rs. 20 Rs. 20 Lakh External to the officials of Steel Department Lakh Funding and Mines Department, Agency Directorate of Mines, IBM and SPCB MIN/KP/8 Training of officials of S&M Steel & Mines Nil Rs. 1,000 Rs. 1,000 GoI/GoO department, Directorate Department Lakh Lakh of Mines, SPCB, IBM etc on various aspects of climate change MIN/KP/9 Generate awareness, Directorate of Nil Rs. 10 Rs. 10 Lakh GoI/GoO create capacity and train Mines, IBM Lakh the mining personnel/ lease holders on benefit of cleaner production MIN/KP/10 Identify areas in mining Directorate of Nil Rs. 10 Rs. 10 Lakh GoO process where energy Mines, IBM Lakh savings and emission reduction can be achieved Total Rs. 5,380 Lakh (Approx Rs. 55 Crore) 114 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Transport - Key Priorities No. Title Organisation Budget Source of Exist. Addl. Total funding TRANSPORT/KP/1 Revising State Transport Commerce Nil Rs. 20 Rs. 20 Lakh External Policy & Boat Policy. and Transport Lakh Funding Department Agency TRANSPORT/KP/2 Integration of Urban Commerce Nil Rs. 50 Rs. 50 Lakh External Development and land use and Transport Lakh Funding planning with transport Department Agency planning. TRANSPORT/KP/3 Introduction of MRTS in Housing and Urban Nil Rs. 400 Rs. 400 Lakh External suburban areas – including Development Lakh Funding electric operated vehicles, Department and Agency Preparation of DPR ULBs TRANSPORT/KP/4 Encouraging transportation Commerce Nil Rs. 50 Rs. 50 Lakh External of bulk dirty cargo through and Transport Lakh Funding rail network Department Agency TRANSPORT/KP/5 Use of alternate fuel to Commerce Nil Rs. 150 Rs. 150 Lakh External conventional fuel and Transport Lakh Funding Department Agency TRANSPORT/KP/6 Blending of bio fuel in Commerce Nil Rs. 50 Rs. 50 Lakh External automobiles and Transport Lakh Funding Department Agency TRANSPORT/KP/7 Green low carbon foot-print CE (Roads and NH) Nil Rs. 4000 Rs. 4,000 External highway Lakh Lakh Funding Agency TRANSPORT/KP/8 Ensuring Fuel Efficiency Commerce Nil Rs. 50 Rs. 50 Lakh External (Drivers Training) and Transport Lakh Funding Department Agency TRANSPORT/KP/9 Strengthening Enforcement Commerce Nil Rs. 50 Rs. 50 Lakh External wing for emission level and Transport Lakh Funding check up (Burning fuels Department Agency more efficiently.) TRANSPORT/KP/10 Survey of ambient air Commerce Nil Rs. 30 Rs. 30 Lakh External quality of Towns/ Cities and Transport Lakh Funding Department and Agency State Pollution Control Board TRANSPORT/KP/11 Promoting and incentivizing Housing and Urban Nil Rs. 50 Rs. 50 Lakh External use of non-motorized Development Lakh Funding vehcles Department and Agency ULBs TRANSPORT/KP/12 Avenue tree plantation for Forests & Nil Rs. 500 Rs. 500 Lakh External carbon sequestration. Environment Dept. Lakh Funding and CE (Roads & Agency NH) TRANSPORT/KP/13 Commissioning study of Commerce Nil Rs. 25 Rs. 25 Lakh External Estimation of carbon and Transport Lakh Funding emission From Transport Department Agency sector TRANSPORT/KP/14 Developing Inland Commerce Nil Rs. 500 Rs. 500 Lakh External Waterways and Transport Lakh Funding Department Agency Total Rs. 5,925 Lakh or approx. Rs. 60 Crore Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 115 Urban - Key Priorities No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of Exist. Addl. Total funding HUD/KP/1 To orient and sensitise the stakeholders at H&UD Nil Rs. 20 Rs. 20 GoI/Externally all levels of ULBs towards issues related to Department Crore Crore Aided Projects climate change and capacitate them for and State carrying out the planning and execution of Pollution different activities Control Board HUD/KP/2 To develop a model design for urban water H&UD Nil Rs. 5 Rs. 5 GoI supply and sewerage projects thereby Department, Crore Crore bringing in a shift in planning and designing OWSSB and of such projects keeping in view the climate consultants change issues. HUD/KP/3 To sensitise city dwellers on non-revenue H&UD Nil Rs. 5 Rs. 5 GoO/GoI water loss and orient them towards water Department Crore Crore conservation measures. To introduce and C.E.PH water metering system and ensure Water (Urban) assessment and audit HUD/KP/4 To develop and implement an ideal MSW H&UD Nil Rs. 300 Rs. 300 GoI/Externally management plan in a selected city Department, Crore Crore Aided Projects and prepare such plans for state wide ULBs and implementation Consultants HUD/KP/5 To orient the city dwellers on energy ULB and Nil Rs. 20 Rs. 20 GoI/Externally efficient street lighting and piloting the Private Crore Crore Aided Projects same through a CDM proposal. partners HUD/KP/6 To strengthen the existing guidelines H&UD Nil Rs. 50 Rs. 50 GoI/Externally for preparation of Master Plan/CDP by Department, Crore Crore Aided Projects incorporating measures to combat climate Town change and prepare & implement such Planning, Dev. a Master Plan/CDP for a selected city. Authorities, The activity will be outsourced through a ULBs technical organization. HUD/KP/7 To improve urban infrastructure by H&UD Nil Rs. 500 Rs. 500 GoI/Externally making non motorized transport feasible Department, Crore Crore Aided Projects throughout the city. The activity will Commerce involve survey of the transport network & Transport of the city and development of a plan Department, for improvement along with policy level Works and decisions for incentivising. ULBs HUD/KP/8 Improvements to water harvesting in urban H&UD Nil Rs. 200 Rs. 200 GoI/Externally areas with restoration of water tanks and Department, Crore Crore Aided Projects artificial recharge HUD/KP/9 Developing models of urban storm water H&UD Nil Rs. 100 Rs. 100 GoI/Externally flows and capacities of existing drainage Department Crore Crore Aided Projects systems with climate change Total Nil Rs. 100 Rs. 1200 Crore Crore 116 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Water - Key Priorities No. Title Orgns. Budget Source of Exist. Addl. Total funding WATER/KP/1 Expansion of Hydrometry WR, CWC, CGWB, Rs. 15 Crore GoI/GoO/ network SRC/OSDMA, F & E External Funding Agencies WATER/KP/2 Development of flood WR, DST, OSDMA, Rs. 2 crore GoI/GoO/ forecasting models IMD External Funding Agencies WATER/KP/3 Downscaling of Global WR, IMD, Research Rs. 2 crore GoI/GoO/ Circulation Model Organisations, External Academia, F & E Funding Agencies WATER/KP/4 Increasing the water use WR, H & UD, Rs. 20 Crore GoI/GoO/ efficiency, Bench Marking Industry, RD, External & Water Audit in irrigation Energy, Agrl. Funding projects. Agencies WATER/KP/5 Construction of Water WR Rs. 470 Crore GoO/GoI/ Harvesting Structures i.e., External Check-dam to adapt to the Funding climate change scenario Agencies WATER/KP/6 Improvement of drainage WR Rs. 200 Crore GoO/GoI/ system External Funding Agencies WATER/KP/7 River Health Monitooring, WR, IMD Research Rs. 2 Crore GoO/GoI/ Ecosytem Environmental Org., F & E External Flow demand studies Funding Agencies WATER/KP/8 Awareness raising with Pani WR, Agrl. Rs. 5 Crore GoO/GoI/ Panchayat through Farmers’ External Training Programme & Funding creation of Agro-climatic Agencies stations WATER/KP/9 Integrated Water Resources WR/Stakeholders Rs. 10 Crore GoO/GoI/ Management External Funding Agencies Total Rs. 726 Crore (Approx. Rs. 725 Crore) Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 117 Annexure 5 Comprehensive List of Activities Considered Agriculture No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame AG/CAP/1 Continued Investment in Integrated watershed Orissa H AD/MI S IP LT development programmes in climate sensitive Watershed area and ensuring replication across Orissa Development (Livelihoods based) Mission (OWDM) AG/CAP/2 Rapid screening and strategy assessment & DOA/OUAT H AD S PA/RS/ MT seed improvement OM AG/CAP/3 Increase knowledge & Capacity DOA/OUAT M AD S CB MT AG/CAP/4 Capacity Building of Extension Personnel & DOA/IMAGE/ H AD S CB MT Farmers. RITES AG/CAP/5 Improved monitoring surveillance then devise DOA. H AD S PS/DP ST new farming techniques. AG/CAP/6 Continued liaison work with NCCP and the DOA. H AD S PA National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture. AG/CAP/7 Training of Farmers in water efficiency DOH L MI S CB ST AG/CAP/8 Use of GP training Hubs for dissemination of DOH H AD S CB ST information on climate change AG/CAP/9 National Mission on sustainable Agriculture DOH H AD/MI S DP MT AG/CAP/10 Establishment of Agromet System in KVKSs OUAT M MI S DP AG/CAP/11 Creation of awareness among farmers OUAT/DOA M AD S CB AG/CAP/12 Revisit of agronomic practices of major crops OUAT M AD S RS AG/CAP/13 Establish Institutional delivery mechanisms OWDM H AD A CB ST to promote best practices on climate change adaptation in rainfed farming conditions AG/CAP/14 Capacity Building and Technical Support to OWDM H AD A CB ST CBOs for better management of land & water to adapt to climatic risks AG/CAP/15 Research & Policy: Conduct a study to OWDM M AD A RS/PS ST determine implications of climatic changes on small and marginal farmers of rainfed areas AG/CAP/16 Establishment of Climate Change Resource OWDM M AD S CB ST Center Network AG/CAP/17 Promotion of low carbon technologies in OWDM M MI A IP ST climate sensitive watershed area 118 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame AG/CAP/18 Promotion of SRI DOA M AD S CB/DP ST AG/CAP/19 Popularization of Environment friendly crop DOA/OUAT. M AD/MI S CB/DP ST Resources AG/CAP/20 Crop diversification DOA M AD S DP/CB/ ST OM AG/CAP/21 Development of Micro Irrigation & Devt.of DOH H AD S DP MT Individual/Community Farm Pond AG/CAP/22 Emphasis on Shade net House/Poly House & DOH H AD S DP MT Mulching AG/CAP/23 Increased area under perennial fruit DOH H AD S DP MT plantation AG/CAP/24 Documentation of ITK helping in adaptation OUAT/DOA M AD S CB of climate change AG/CAP/25 Promotion of organic agriculture OUAT/DOA M AD S DP AG/CAP/26 Popularization of agro-forestry models OUAT/DOA M MI S DP AG/CAP/27 Impact analysis of climate change on major OUAT H AD/MI S RS crops in Orissa AG/CAP/28 Screening of and value addition to resilient OUAT M AD S RS species from local agrobiodiversity. AG/CAP/29 Breeding studies on major crops for OUAT H AD S RS tolerance/resistance to high temperature, submergence and drought under elevated carbon dioxide AG/CAP/30 Screening of available crop production OUAT M AD/MI S RS technologies suitable as potential adaptation and mitigation measures through modeling AG/CAP/31 Development of sustainable soil, water and OUAT H AD S RS crop management practices AG/CAP/32 Performance of situation specific contingent OUAT M AD S RS measures in crop production AG/CAP/33 Preparedness to tackle emerging scenarios of OUAT H AD S RS pests AG/CAP/34 Increased production of rice seeds to OUAT H AD S RS meet requirement under various weather scenarios AG/CAP/35 Identifying suitable rice varieties for OUAT M AD A RS vulnerable coastal areas AG/CAP/36 Standardizing crop and soil management OUAT M AD A RS practices for vulnerable coastal areas AG/CAP/37 Climate risk management services OUAT H AD S RS Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 119 Coasts & Disasters No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame CDA/CAP/1 Predictions through appropriate CDA & To be identified H AD A RS MT modeling to generate different scenarios. CDA/CAP/2 Generation of flow series and CDA & To be identified H AD A RS MT prediction of the changed salinity regime, salinity flushing, upstream breeding migration, impact on the lake fishery and biodiversity. CDA/CAP/3 Prediction of the rate of Central Water and Power H AD A RS MT migration, cross section based Research Station, Pune on numerical modeling. CDA/CAP/4 Impact on the mangrove CDA & To be identified diversity. CDA/CAP/5 Predictions based on the CDA & To be identified modeling on the mangrove ecosystem. OSDMA/ Flood mapping, flood forecasting Water Resources M AD S OM ON CAP/1 models, downscaled climate Department change projections OSDMA/ Climate-proofing coastal road Works Department, M AD A OM ON CAP/2 infrastructure Rural Development. Department, H & UD Department OSDMA/ Capacity building of Urban Local Housing & Urban M AD A OM ON CAP/3 Bodies (ULBs) of the coastal Development Department, towns on potential climate ULBs, OSDMA, Water change impacts Resources Department OSDMA/ Integration of climate change OSDMA, Water Resources M AD A OM ON CAP/4 risks into the State Disaster Department Management Policy OSDMA/ Assessment of erosion prone Housing and Urban M AD A PS ST CAP/5 areas with the help of Digital Development Department, Elevation Model Works Department, Industries Department and Energy Department, Agriculture Department and Rural Development Department, Transport Department OSDMA/ Strengthening delivery and Revenue and Disaster M AD A RS ON CAP/6 monitoring systems and Management Department, preparedness in disaster prone OSDMA, Housing and regions due to sea level rise Urban Development Department OSDMA/ Strengthening delivery and Forests and Environment M AD A OM ON CAP/7 monitoring systems of health Department systems preparedness in disaster prone regions OSDMA/ District authorities to develop OSDMA M AD S OM ON CAP/8 heat wave disaster plans 120 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame OSDMA/ Running drought monitoring and Ministry of Agriculture, M AD A RS ON CAP/9 assessment models Govt. of India, Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Orissa, NRSC, ORSAC, OSDMA OSDMA/ Study to ascertain long term OSDMA and Special Relief M AD A OM ON CAP/10 sustainability of coastal Organisation settlements, vegetation and cropping patterns OSDMA/ Conduct a detailed study on OSDMA along with CAP/11 cause and effects of micro and different line departments meso level effects of coastal erosion. OSDMA/ Study/survey may be OSDMA, Specialized CAP/12 conducted to ascertain long institutions. term sustainability of coastal settlements, vegetation and cropping patterns WL/CAP/1A Survey, Identification, mapping, Wildlife M MI A ST demarcation, fencing and earmarking of non-forest Government/Private land in 1- 5 km stretch of coastal zone for taking up Reforestation & Afforestation activities both within and outside Sanctuaries and National Parks as bio-shield. WL/CAP/2A Undertake studies on indigenous Wildlife M AD A RS tree species to assess their vulnerability to climate change. Develop saline resistant, water logging resistant, heat resistant genotypes. WL/CAP/3A Study and assessment of Wildlife H AD A RS population of biodiversity of all genera of Invertebrates and Vertebrates with emphasis on flagship species such as Marine Mammals (Cetaceans species) and Sea turtles in the coastal waters and estuarine crocodiles, estuarine terrapins, migratory birds in estuarine as well as tidal influenced habitat. This will also include the biology, lifecycle, abundance and distribution of the species and habitat conditions. WL/CAP/4A Capacity building through training Wildlife M AD A CB of wildlife field functionaries for access to up-dated knowledge on climate change and policy issues in connection with climate change. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 121 No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame WL/CAP/1B Establishment of rescue centers, Wildlife M AD A CB equipped with modern facilities so as to cater to the needs of wildlife affected due to climate change WL/CAP/2B With rise of ambient temperature, Wildlife M MI A OM erratic rainfall more drought like situation is expected, so to cope up with the situation more water hole for wildlife in protected areas to be created. WL/CAP/3B Establishment of conservation Wildlife M AD A OM breeding centres of land and aquatic wildlife of rare, threatened and endangered species as well as other targeted species for maintaining gene pool and for taking of re-introduction programmes of these species as and when the need arises 122 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Energy No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame Energy/CAP/01 Study to develop a policy framework Energy H MI S PA ST for generating cleaner energy through Department/ clean coal approaches Consultant Energy/CAP/02 Switch over from Sub critical Technology Energy H MI S PA MT to Super critical Technology by which Department coal consumption will reduce from 1 MT to 0.88 MT per MWh and increase in plant efficiency from 37% to 42% Energy/CAP/03 Land bank for gas based power projects Energy M MI A PA MT in potential areas to utilize gas find Department from Mahanadi basin Energy/CAP/04 Encourage more Gas based Combined Energy H MI S PA MT Cycle Power Plants where CO2 emission Department is 0.46 and which can be reduced to 0.25 per MWh Energy/CAP/05 Washed coal to be used by the IPPs/ Energy H MI S PA ST CPPs for generation of power if ash Department content in coal exceed 40% Energy/CAP/06 Use of Fluidised Bed Boiler and coal Energy H MI S PA ST gasification. This will utilize the mines’ Department rejects and washery rejects for power generation Energy/CAP/07 Import of Power from neighboring Energy H MI S PA/PS ST countries like Bangladesh (rich in gas Department deposits), Nepal and Bhutan having the scope of huge Hydro potential. Exploring the possibility of state/central PSUs to construct power plants in those countries with a bilateral agreement to export a large portion of the power to India. Energy/CAP/08 Implementation of emerging Clean Coal Energy H MI S DP LT Technologies through pilot projects Department Energy/CAP/09 Installation of equipments at IPPs/CPPs SPCB H MI S PA MT for NOx reduction Energy/CAP/10 Adoption of Hg reduction measures SPCB H MI S PA/RS ST like Activated Carbon Injection ( ACI) or Co-capture with FGD ( Flue Gas Desulphurisation) Energy/CAP/11 SO2 removal from coal/flue gas through SPCB H MI S PA/RS ST dry/wet FGD system Energy/CAP/12 Installation of High efficiency ESPs SPCB H MI S PA ST followed by Bag Filters in all thermal power Plants Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 123 No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame Energy/CAP/13 Implementation of Carbon Cap-Trade Energy H MI S PA/RS ST mechanism for TPP with a system of Department/ incentive and penalty for lower/higher SPCB level of emissions. Energy/CAP/14 Capacity building of Energy Department, Energy H MI S RS ST OERC and SPCB Department Energy/CAP/15 Integrated Super critical (660 MW) IPP Energy H MI S PA/RS ST Policy (Coal Washeries, Fly Ash based Department cement and brick plants) Minimum unit size for the purpose of IPP/MPP should not be less than 300 MW to achieve minimum standards of efficiency. Energy/CAP/16 Promoting Merchant Power Plant in Energy H MI A PA MT Existing Industrial unit with variable PPA Department, (Power Purchase Agreement) option Industry Department and GRIDCO Energy/CAP/17 Revised RPO based on the Changing Energy H MI S PA/RS ST Load mix and Assessment of Evacuation Department, Infrastructure OREDA and GRIDCO Energy/CAP/18 Functional reorganization of the energy Energy Dpt./ H MI S PA/RS ST department to have a coherent road OREDA (DST) map Energy/CAP/19 Life Cycle Analysis of Existing Thermal Energy M MI S RS MT power plant as per CEA Benchmark and Department implementation of R&M measures to improve the efficiency Energy/CAP/20 Improvement of Boiler Efficiency through Energy H MI S PA/IP ST combustion Optimization by installation Department/ of dynamic coal flow balancing system SPCB with continuous residual carbon analyser in the boilers. Energy/CAP/21 Exploration of Alternate Energy Energy M MI S RS ST Sources(Tidal, Geothermal, Run of the Department, River, Wind) OREDA and Consultants Energy/CAP/22 To conduct a study for determination of Energy H MI S RS ST State Emission intensity Department Energy/CAP/23 Develop state-level energy efficiency Energy H MI S PA ST standards for the various sectors Department Energy/CAP/24 Reduction of T & D losses: Develop Energy M MI S IP MT an operational plan for a targeted Department & reduction of losses due to pilferage and DISCOMS outdated systems (estimated to be about 40%). Plan should include enhancing present practices for improved load management & implementation 124 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame Energy/CAP/25 Feasibility Study of Evacuation Corridor Central Power H MI S RS ST Utilities and Energy Department/ OPTCL Energy/CAP/26 Augmentation of T & D infrastructure DISCOMS H MI S PA ST and investment plan Energy/CAP/27 Implementation of utility level DSM Energy H MI S IP MT measures Department, DISCOMS and ESCO Energy/CAP/28 Awareness Generation for Energy Energy H MI S CB MT Conservation Department Energy/CAP/29 Promotion and implementation of the Works H MI S PA/CB MT National BEE’s ECBC code for widespread Department/ adoption in the state to reduce the HUD and ULB energy consumption in buildings. Energy/CAP/30 For proper energy monitoring, Energy M MI S CB ST capacity building of energy auditors, Department strengthening of existing energy conservation Cell supported with manpower and infrastructure. Energy/CAP/31 To increase energy efficiency through Energy H MI S RS ST optimization usage pattern and Department incorporating energy efficiency measures. Energy/CAP/32 Compile information from the several State H MI S PA/PS/ MT studies and initiatives that have Pollution CB been done on fly ash and develop an Control Board operational plan including capacity building of concern Department Energy/CAP/33 Develop an operational plan for the Energy H MI S PA/PS ST Fund that will get revenue for the sale Department/ of power that is exported. F&E Department/ SPCB Energy/CAP/34 Climate-proofing of proposed power Energy H MI A RS ST infrastructure proposed in coastal belts Department e.g 2 Ultra Mega Power Plants Energy/CAP/35 Feasibility study of establishment of Energy H MI A RS ST coal based thermal power plants along Department/ coast of Orissa, use of saline water Private Sector and dedicated rail corridor for coal transportation to be conducted. Energy/CAP/36 Small and Medium hydel plants OREDA H MI A PA/PS MT Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 125 No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame Energy/CAP/37 To maximize harnessing biomass OREDA H MI S PA/PS/ MT potential in the state through co-gen/ DP/IP thermal/power plant/gasification to feed the grid as green power. Increase in application of CPP both in grid and stand alone mode Energy/CAP/38 Promotion of Grid based Wind power OREDA H MI S PS/CB MT generation Energy/CAP/39 To maximize solar power generation OREDA H MI S PA/PS/ MT in the state in both PV and thermal IP/DP/ routes and increase the penetration OM of stand alone solar systems for use by institutions, communities and individuals Energy/CAP/40 Development of Biogas and manure OREDA H MI S PS LT management Energy/CAP/41 Examining the bio fuel policy in the state OREDA H MI S PA/PS/ LT and examining linkage with blending DP/CB infrastructure Energy/CAP/42 Training of the Members of working F&E H MI S CB/RS ST group or their representatives of Department different departments and organisations on sector specific climate change issues 126 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Fisheries & Animal Resources No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame ARD/CAP/1 Scientific Animal Health Management FARD H AD S OM ON ARD/CAP/2 Improved feeding management FARD M AD/MI S OM ON ARD/CAP/3 Capacity Building of livestock FARD H AD/MI S CB LT keepers ARD/CAP/4 Breeding Management FARD,Orissa M AD A PA MT Veterinary college ARD/CAP/5 Better Waste Management Energy H MI S OM ON Department, Khadi & Village Industries ARD/CAP/6 Research on easy Methane Harvest Energy H MI S OM MT Technology Department, Khadi & Village Industries, ARD/CAP/7 Research on Disease Early Warning Veterinary H AD A OM MT System Research Institute/ Research Organizations FISH/CAP/1 Loss of livelihood due to ban and FARD H AD A OM ON climate change related implications on the fishery livelihood FISH/CAP/2 Study on climate change and Catch of FARD M AD S RS ON marine fish FISH/CAP/3 Impact of exuberated extreme climatic FARD H AD/MI S PA MT events due to climate change FISH/CAP/4 Protection of Fisheries infrastructure FARD H AD/MI A PA ON and assets FISH/CAP/5 Fishing methods and gears FARD H MI S OM ON FISH/CAP/6 Health and sanitation in the coastal FARD H AD A OM ON area FISH/CAP/7 Fishermen welfare activities FARD H AD S OM ON Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 127 Forests No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame FOR/CAP/1 Increase reforestation and FED H MI S PA/IP ST/MT afforestation activities in degraded forest areas FOR/CAP/2 Protect existing forest stocks to FED H MI S PA/IP ST/MT act as carbon sink with stronger conservation FOR/CAP/3 Increase planting on non-forest land FED, Works M MI S PA/IP ST/MT and promote agro-forestry and farm Department, forestry Water Resources Department and Agriculture Department FOR/CAP/4 Cover bald-hills with suitable species FED H MI S PA/IP ST/MT mix FOR/CAP/5 Increase and protect existing FED H AD A RS/PA/ ST/MT mangrove cover along the coast IP/CB FOR/CAP/6 Assess fire management strategies FED M MI S PA/IP MT FOR/CAP/7 Improved tree planting and forest FED M AD S PA/IP ST/MT management to work further in watersheds and with integrated water resources management to increase water storage, reduce surface flow and soil erosion; to assess where tree planting could provide protection in flood prone areas FOR/CAP/8 Decrease people dependence on FED and Orissa L MI S PA/IP LT firewood and timber and increase Renewable use of improved stoves (chullhas) Energy and wood substitutes Development Agency FOR/CAP/9 Work to establish new systems to FED M MI S PA/IP LT support for community users. Aim to create new marketing structures for users of traditional forest products to improve incomes and livelihoods to reduce pressures on forest destruction. FOR/ Undertake studies on indigenous FED and Indian M AD S PA/IP LT CAP/10 trees species to assess their Council of vulnerability to climate change. Forestry Research Develop heat resistant genotypes in and Education tree nurseries. FOR/ Assess additional threats to FED H AD S PA/IP LT CAP/11 biodiversity and wildlife. Forest consolidation, linking forest fragmentations, habitat development and mitigation of man- wild animal conflicts 128 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame FOR/ To obtain access to updated FED H AD S PA/IP/ LT CAP/12 knowledge on climate change science CB and policy developments and make this available for frontline staff and forest managers and policy makers. Bring in trainers to develop modules for forest training institutes FOR/ Capacity building of Panchayati FED and M AD S PA/IP/ ST/MT CAP/13 Raj institutions/communities/JFM Panchayati Raj CB institutions to adapt to climate Department change, e.g. in the handling of NTFPs, value addition and employment generation FOR/ Monitoring carbon stock and FED H MI S RS LT CAP/14 biodiversity at regular intervals Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 129 Health No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame H/CAP/1 Capacity Building of the health DoHFW/WCD/Lab. H AD/MI S sector on climate change on & Employment/ both adaptation and mitigation Revenue aspects H/CAP/2 Integrating climate change DoHFW H AD/MI S considerations in the State Health Policy H/CAP/3 Strengthening approaches to DoHFW/NVBDCP H AD S manage vector borne disease that have worsened due to climate change impacts H/CAP/4 Strengthening approaches to DoHFW/Revenue H AD S deal with heat wave conditions exacerbated due to climate change. H/CAP/5 Strengthening approaches to deal DoHFW / OSDMA M AD S with the physical and psychological impacts due to extreme weather conditions caused by climate change H/CAP/6 Addressing drought, nutrition & DoHFW/WCD/Agric. M AD S food security due to increased risk of droutht, consequent decline in agriculture and increased malnutrition & food security H/CAP/7 Undertaking measures to manage DoHFW/PHED H AD/MI S water borne disease that have worsened due to climate change impacts H/CAP/8 Research & studies on climate DoHFW/Agric./WCD change and health impacts H/CAP/9 Addressing food safety that DoHFW / Agric. M AD/MI S is undermined as a result of increased ambient temperatures and extreme events H/ Studying the interlinkages SPCB / DoHFW M AD/MI S CAP/10 between air quality and climate change, and implicatins on health 130 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Industry No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame IND/CAP/1 Integrate climate concerns in IPR Ind H MI S PA ST Department IND/CAP/2 Formulate industrial cluster policy for Ind H MI S PA LT minimum carbon footprint Department IND/CAP/3 Carry out a study to determine appropriate Ind H MI S PA ST policy instruments to promote energy and Department, material efficiency in industrial clusters SPCB IND/CAP/4 Providing incentives for RD&D in climate Ind M AD S PA resilient technology development Department IND/CAP/5 Devise a mechanism for green belt IDCO, SPCB M MI A OM development and maintenance for industrial clusters IND/CAP/6 Incorporate climate change concerns in the Ind H MI/ S PA ST draft SEZ policy and PCPIR master plan Department AD IND/CAP/7 Preparation of an SEA framework to be Ind M MI/ S PA used as templates for policy making in Department AD cross Sectoral issues like energy policy, Water plan, tourism policy, Agro processing policy etc IND/CAP/8 Integrating climate concerns in steel and Ind H MI/ S PA ST mining policy Department AD IND/CAP/9 Study the impact of climate change on Ind L AD S RS supply side capacity of the food processing Department industries. IND/ Study the feasibility of establishing and IPICOL L MI A PS CAP/10 operating bio-methanetion process for food processing cluster in PPP mode IND/ Installation of centralized solar heating IPICOL, L MI A IP CAP/11 system in food processing cluster for OREDA supplying hot water. IND/ Preparation of Regional Environmental SPCB L MI/ A RS CAP/12 Management Plans for major industrial AD clusters IND/ Preparation of GHG profile of major SPCB, Ind H MI A PS MT CAP/13 industrial clusters and introduce a system of Department GHG auditing for major industrial sectors IND/ Heat Island study for Angul-Talcher and SPCB H AD A RS ST CAP/14 Jharsuguda-Ib valley area IND/ Setting emission targets for Thermal Power, Ind. M MI S PA CAP/15 Iron & Steel, Aluminium and Cement Department, sector SPCB IND/ Establishment of a monitoring network for SPCB M MI A IP CAP/16 GHG emission in major industrial clusters IND/ Devise a sensitization programme for DI, SPCB L MI S PA CAP/17 adoption of CDM in MSME industries through seminars and other awareness programmes Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 131 No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame IND/ Strengthening of help desk in IPICOL for Ind L CAP/18 advising MSME industries on benefit of CDM Department IND/ Establishing facilitation cell in regional SPCB L MI S CB CAP/19 offices of SPCB for advising MSME industries on benefit of CDM IND/ Imparting training on CDM to the officials IPICOL H MI S CB MT CAP/20 of Industries Department, IPICOL and SPCB IND/ Provision of subsidy on consultancy charges Ind. M MI S PA CAP/21 to MSME for adopting CDM Department IND/ Establishment of a system of empanelment IPICOL L MI S PA CAP/22 of CDM consultants IND/ Identify a host training institute assess F&E H MI S CB ST CAP/23 the training needs of related agencies and Department prepare training modules IND/ Training of officials of Industries department, F&E H MI/ S CB MT CAP/24 Directorate of Industries, IPICOL, SPCB etc Department AD on various aspects of climate change IND/ Imparting training to MSME sector on SPCB, DI, H MI/ S CB MT CAP/25 climate change risk and mitigation IPICOL AD IND/ Establishment of a Training and Research Ind. L MI/ S CB CAP/26 Institute on Climate Change Department AD IND/ Establish a network with Research and F&E M MI/ S CB CAP/27 educational institutes like IITs, IMMT etc. Department AD IND/ Strengthening Center for Environment F & E L MI/ S CB CAP/28 Studies to build capacity to carry out RD&D Department AD projects in climate change mitigation and adaptation IND/ Institute a study on impact of climate APICOL, L AD S RS CAP/29 change on paddy, sugarcane and forest Agriculture Department IND/ Introduce a programme for mandatory SPCB, WR M AD S PA CAP/30 water and wastewater audit in water Department, intensive industries like Thermal Power, CGWB Iron & Steel, Sponge Iron, Paper etc IND/ Establishment of a benchmark for water SPCB, IPICOL M AD S PA CAP/31 use in respective sectors IND/ Revision of water charges and incentivising Ind M AD S PA CAP/32 water efficiency to ensure efficient water Department management for industrial consumption. WR Department IND/ Promoting water harvesting and storage in IDCO, SPCB M AD S PA CAP/33 industrial clusters IND/ Devise a mechanism to implement a WR H AD A PA LT CAP/34 system of compensatory water harvesting Department and storage around industries/industrial clusters by the concerned industries IND/ Establishment and monitoring of Pollution SPCB M AD A IP CAP/35 Prevention Plans in industrial clusters 132 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame IND/ Heat Island study for Angul-Talcher and SPCB M AD A RS CAP/36 Jharsuguda-Ib valley area IND/ Creation of adequate green zones and IDCO M AD A IP CAP/37 water bodies in industrial clusters IND/ Establishment of a mechanism to ensure OSDMA, L AD A PA CAP/38 that the coastal industries incorporate SPCB the extreme climate conditions during structural design phase IND/ Streamlining institutional arrangement for Ind H AD S CB MT CAP/39 Disaster Management in coastal industrial Department, belts like Paradeep, Dhamra and Gopalpur Directorate of Factories and boilers IND/ Strengthen OSDMA with training and OSDMA H AD S CB MT CAP/40 equipments for technical disaster management IND/ Establishment of a network with DMI, OSDMA M AD S CB CAP/41 Bhopal, OSDMA and coastal industrial houses IND/ Reclamation of coastal low lying areas with SPCB M AD S IP CAP/42 scientific disposal of fly ash of thermal power plants IND/ Development of coastal green belt in F&E L AD A IP CAP/43 Paradeep and Dhamra Department IND/ Generate awareness, create capacity and IPICOL, L MI S CB CAP/44 train the industrial personnel on benefit of SPCB, NPC cleaner production IND/ Launching a awareness campaign on DI L MI S CB CAP/45 benefits of CP for the MSME sector IND/ Technology assessment and exploring IPICOL M MI S RS CAP/46 alternatives for steel making with an objective of minimizing carbon foot print IND/ Carry out an energy efficiency study for, SPCB H MI S RS ST CAP/47 integrated steel plant and sponge iron plants and exploring scope of waste heat utilization. IND/ Institute a comprehensive study on SPCB H MI S PS ST CAP/48 processing and utilization of char from sponge iron plants. IND/ Setting emission targets for Iron & Steel, Ind. M MI S PA CAP/49 sector Department, SPCB IND/ Discourage accumulation of fly ash in Ind. H MI S PA MT CAP/50 thermal power plants. Instituting a system Department, of cess on accumulated fly ash Energy Department, SPCB IND/ Demonstration project for Carbon Capture IPICOL, SPCB L MI A IP CAP/51 and storage in thermal power sector Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 133 No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame IND/ Setting emission targets for Thermal Power Ind. H MI S PA ST CAP/52 plants Department, SPCB IND/ Technology assessment and exploring IPICOL, M MI S PS CAP/53 alternatives for power generation with an Energy objective of minimize use of water and Department coal IND/ Conducting an energy efficiency study for Energy M MI S PS CAP/54 ferro-alloys sector in Orissa Department IND/ Developing a mechanism to use waste SPCB, H&UD L MI S PS CAP/55 plastics, rubbers, tyres and other waste Department carbonaceous waste material for co- processing in cement kilns IND/ Carry out a material and energy audit in Energy L MI S PS CAP/56 paper industries of Orissa. Department IND/ Carry out a material and energy audit in Energy M MI S PS CAP/57 aluminum industries of Orissa. Department IND/ Carry out a material and energy audit in Energy M MI S PS CAP/58 cement industries of Orissa. Department IND/ Institute a comprehensive study on SPCB M MI S PS CAP/59 processing and utilization of spent pot lines from aluminum smelters. IND/ Setting emission targets for Cement, paper, SSPCB L MI S PA CAP/60 Aluminum and Cement sector 134 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Mining No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame MIN/CAP/1 Draft State Mineral Policy incorporating S&M H AD S PA climate concerns Department MIN/CAP/2 Prepare Regional sustainable mining plans S&M M MI for Joda-Barbil, iron and manganese area, Department, Mayurbhanj iron ore zone,Talcher-Angul IBM, CMPDI Area, Ib-valley area,Sukinda chromite belt, Sundergarh lime stone and dolomite belt, eastern ghats bauxite zone MIN/CAP/3 Carry out a study to determine appropriate S&M H MI S RS policy instruments to promote energy Department efficiency in mining clusters and mineral transport. MIN/CAP/4 Providing incentives for RD&D projects S&M M AD in Environmental friendly technology Department development for small mining sector (Graphite and granite and other minor mineral) MIN/CAP/5 Devise a mechanism for green belt S&M and F&E M MI development and maintenance in mining Department, clusters IBM MIN/CAP/6 Explore cleaner technology and best S&M M MI practices in coal mining Department, CMPDI MIN/CAP/7 Conduct a study to identify cleaner S&M M MI technology for using coal (Like coal Department washing, coal to liquid etc.) in industrial process MIN/CAP/8 Conduct a study to determine the potential Dirctorate M MI of coal bed methane in the coal fields of of Mining, Orissa CMPDI MIN/CAP/9 Exploring techno-economic viability of S&M M MI capturing coal bed methane for use in Department, industrial sector CMPDI MIN/ Prepare a coal evacuation plan separately S&M L MI CAP/10 for Talcher Coalfield and Ib-valley Department, coalfield Transport department, CMPDI MIN/ Carry out a research programme for S&M M MI CAP/11 controlling coalfield fire and subsidence Department due to underground coal mining MIN/ Conduct a study to identify the potential S&M H MI S RS CAP/12 of beneficiation of low grade iron ore, Department manganese, graphite and chrome ore. MIN/ Conduct a study to explore best practices S&M H MI S RS CAP/13 in metal mining Department MIN/ Conduct study to explore feasibility M MI CAP/14 of nickel extraction from nickeliferrus overburden of Sukinda mining area Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 135 No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame MIN/ Prepare an action plan to mitigate Dirctorate of M MI CAP/15 hexavalent chromium pollution in the Mining streams and ground water of Sukinda valley area. MIN/ Conduct a R&D project for recovery of M MI CAP/16 metallic ore and strategic minerals from tailings MIN/ Prepare a energy efficient mineral S&M M MI CAP/17 evacuation plan separately for Joda-Barbil Department, area, Sukinda and Koira area. Transport department MIN/ Institute a system of energy audit in metal Directorate M MI CAP/18 mining sector of Mining MIN/ Preparation of Regional Environmental SPCB M MI & CAP/19 Management Plans for major mining AD clusters like Talcher-Angul, Ib valley, Joda- Barbil, Koira and Sukinda MIN/ Establish a robust system of Environmental SPCB H MI A IP CAP/20 monitoring in major mining clusters MIN/ Protection of water harvesting structures, S&M H AD A IP CAP/21 reservoirs, weirs etc. from pollution and Department capacity reduction in catchments in mining and WR intensive areas and restoration. Department MIN/ Creation and maintenance of green zones F&E H MI A OM CAP/22 in major mining clusters Department MIN/ Devise a sensitization programme S&M M MI CAP/23 for adoption of CDM in mining sector Department, through seminars and other awareness SPCB, IBM programmes MIN/ Imparting training on CDM to the officials of World Bank H MI S CB CAP/24 Steel and Mines Department, Directorate of Mines, IBM and SPCB MIN/ Identify a host training institute to assess S&M M MI CAP/25 the training needs of related agencies and Department. prepare training modules MIN/ Strengthen Directorate of mines in respect H MI&AD S CB CAP/26 of human resources, technology and development of database. MIN/ Training of officials of S&M department, S&M H MI & S CB CAP/27 Directorate of Mines, SPCB, IBM etc on Department AD various aspects of climate change MIN/ Establishment of a Training and Research S&M M MI & CAP/28 Institute on Climate Change Department AD MIN/ Establish a network with Research and S&M M MI & CAP/29 educational institutes like IITs, ISM and Department AD IMMT etc. IND/ Strengthening Center for Environment F & E M MI & CAP/30 Studies to build capacity to carry out RD&D Department AD projects in climate change mitigation and adaptation 136 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame MIN/ Generate awareness, create capacity and Directorate H MI S CB CAP/31 train the mining personnel/lease holders of mines, IBM on benefit of cleaner production MIN/ Imparting training on energy efficiency Directorate M MI CAP/32 in haulage, transport, pumping system, of mines, IBM motors, process heating, compressed air system etc. MIN/ Identify areas in mining process where Directorate H MI MI RS CAP/33 energy savings and emission reduction can of mines, IBM be achieved. MIN/ Develop a methodology to measure, F&E M MI CAP/34 monitor and verify the amount of carbon Department sequestered by plantation programmes in mining sector MIN/ Develop emission intensity targets for SPCB, IBM M MI CAP/35 different mining sectors MIN/ Carry out Regional Hydro-geological survey WR M MI CAP/36 for major mining cluster of Joda-Barbil, Department, Koira, Talcher-Angul, Ib valley, Sukinda S&M valley area, Sundergarh lime stone and Department, dolomite belt, eastern ghats bauxite CGWB zone. MIN/ Devise a mechanism to implement a S&M M AD CAP/37 system of compensatory water harvesting Department, and storage around mining clusters by the WR concerned mines Department, CGWB MIN/ Protection and restoration of water S&M H AD A IP CAP/38 harvesting structures in catchments in Department mining intensive areas and WR Department MIN/ Creation of an Environmental restoration S&M M MI CAP/39 fund by contribution from mining houses. Department MIN/ Prepare an action plan for reclamation and S&M L MI CAP/40 rehabilitation of old abandoned mines Department MIN/ Construction of rest shelters with S&M M AD CAP/41 plantations in mining areas to provide Department shelters during heat wave conditions MIN/ Plan for supply of drinking water in the RWSS H AD A PS CAP/42 vicinity of mining clusters Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 137 Transport No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame C&T/CAP/1 Use of alternate fuel to conventional C&T H MI S PA ST fuel C&T/CAP/2 Policy of Phasing out old Vehicles for C&T H MI S PA ST emission reduction C&T/CAP/3 Ensuring Fuel efficiency (Drivers C&T H MI S CB ST Training) C&T/CAP/4 Strengthening enforcement wing for C&T M MI S CB ST emission level check-up (Burning fuels more efficiently) C&T/CAP/5 Revising State Transport Policy C&T H MI S PA ST C&T/CAP/6 Introduction of MRTS in suburban Housing & Urban Dev H MI A DP MT areas including electric-operated Department vehicles, preparation of DPR C&T/CAP/7 Protection of Coastal Road Works Department H AD A IP MT Infrastructure from sea erosion C&T/CAP/8 Green low carbon footprint highway Works Department H MI A DP MT C&T/CAP/9 Avenue tree plantation for carbon Forest & Environment H AD A DP ST sequestration Department & Works Department C&T/CAP/10 Integration of urban development Housing & Urban Dev H MI S PA ST and land use planning with transport Department planning C&T/CAP/11 Development of inland waterways/ C&T H MI S PS ST setting of ports C&T/CAP/12 Survey of ambient air quality of C&T and PCB H MI A RS ST towns/cities C&T/CAP/13 Generating public awareness on road C&T and NGOs H MI A CB ST safety and traffic management of carbon emission reduction C&T/CAP/14 Encouraging transportation of bulk C&T H MI S PA MT dirty cargo through rail network C&T/CAP/15 Promoting and incentivizing use of Housing & Urban Dev M MI A DP ST non-motorized vehicles Department C&T/CAP/16 Strategic study for expanding public C&T H MI S PA ST transportation across the state C&T/CAP/17 Expansion of rail network to reduce C&T H MI S PS ST carbon emissions C&T/CAP/18 Carbon emissions estimation from the C&T H MI S RS ST transport sector C&T/CAP/19 Blending of biofuel in auto fuel C&T M MI S RS MT 138 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Urban No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame HUD/ Capacity Building of ULBs on Climate H&UD and SPCB H AD S CB ST CAP/1 Change impacts & preparedness HUD/ Conduct a techno-economic study H&UD, OWSSB and H AD A RS ST CAP/2 on energy efficient designs and Consultants equipment for urban water supply and sewerage schemes in ULBs HUD/ MSW composting for both energy H&UD, ULBs and H MI/AD A IP LT CAP/3 efficiency and addressing the Consultants methane generation from waste HUD/ Conduct a techno-economic study on H&UD and ULBs H AD A PS/DP LT CAP/4 switching to energy efficient street lighting and develop a Programmatic CDM proposal for implementation by ULBs HUD/ Mandating water assessment and H&UD and CE, H AD S PA ST CAP/5 audit PH(Urban) HUD/ Revising the guidelines for H&UD, Town H MI/AD A PS/DP ST CAP/6 preparation of Master Plan/CDP Planning, Dev. and preparing an Integrated City Authorities, ULBs Development Plan with land use and transport planning HUD/ Promoting & Incentivising use of H&UD, ULBs, Works H MI A PA/PS/ LT CAP/7 non-motorised transport Department DP HUD/ Introduction of BRTS/MRTS and Solar H&UD, ULBs M AD A IP LT CAP/8 or electric operated vehicles HUD/ Formulate state specific ECBC code Energy H AD S PA ST CAP/9 and Revision of OPWD Act in line Department, Works with ECBC code Department HUD/ Developing a promotion plan of BDA, Town H AD A PS/DP ST CAP/10 energy-efficiency in buildings Planning, OREDA, through the adoption of ECBC code CE(Building) and piloting in one city – Green Building HUD/ Improvements to water harvesting Water Resources H MI/AD A IP LT CAP/11 in urban areas with restoration of Department water tanks and artificial recharge HUD/ Developing models of urban storm Water Resources H AD A PS/DP ST CAP/12 water flows and capacities of Department existing drainage systems with climate change HUD/ Commissioning Urban Heat Island Energy H MI/AD A RS ST CAP/13 Study Department, SPCB HUD/ Coastal Road Infrastructure CE (Roads), CE( H MI A PS LT CAP/14 N.H), CE (RD QP) HUD/ Fly ash in road construction CE (World Bank M MI/AD S RS/CB/ ST CAP/15 Projects), CE (RD DP QP) Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 139 No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame HUD/ Green low carbon foot print Hway CE (Roads), CE M MI S RS/CB/ LT CAP/16 (N.H), CE (World DP Bank Projects), CE (RD QP) HUD/ Urban tree Plantation CE (Roads), CE H MI/AD S CB/IP ST CAP/17 (N.H), CE(World Bank Projects), F&E HUD/ Transport Policy & Boat Policy Commerce H MI S PA ST CAP/18 & Transport Department HUD/ Development of inland water ways/ Commerce M AD S IP LT CAP/19 setting of ports & Transport Department HUD/ Survey on ambient air quality of Commerce H MI S PA ST CAP/20 Towns/Cities and encouraging use & Transport of Bio fuel, CNG/LPG Department and OSPCB HUD/ Generating Public awareness on Commerce H MI S CB ST CAP/21 Road Safety & Transport Department, CE (World Bank Projects), NGOs, VOs 140 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Water No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame WR/CAP/1 Expansion of Hydrometry WR, CWC, CGWB, H AD S CB MT network F& E WR/CAP/2 Development of flood WR, IMD H AD S RS MT forecasting models WR/CAP/3 Downscaling of Global WR, IMD, F & E H AD S CB MT Circulation Model WR/CAP/4 Increasing the water use WR, H&UD, H AD S CB MT efficiency, Bench Marking, Industry, RD, Water Audit in irrigation energy, Agril. projects WR/CAP/5 Construction of Water WR H AD S IP ST Harvesting Structures i.e., Check-dam to adapt to the climate change scenario. WR/CAP/6 Provision of fresh water WR, IMD, Agril., H AD S IP MT storage structures (Major & H&UD, Ind. Medium) for enhancement of per capital availability WR/CAP/7 Improvement of drainage WR H AD A IP MT system WR/CAP/8 Maintaining Environmental WR, IMD Research H AD S RS MT Flow in wetland Organisation, F&E WR/CAP/9 Awareness raising with Pani WR, Agril. H AD A CB ST Panchayat through Farmers’ Training Programme & creation of Agro-climatic stations. WR/CAP/10 Integrated Water Resources W.R H AD S CB MT Management WR/CAP/11 Renovation and improvement WR, Panchayati H AD S IP MT of existing storage structures Raj WR/CAP/12 New Ground Water Legislation WR, CGWB, H&UD, H AD S PA MT for Urban Water Harvesting Development Auth. & Imprv. Trust WR/CAP/13 Consumptive use of surface WR H AD S CB MT and ground water WR/CAP/14 Regulation of Water drawal WR, F&E, H&UD H AD S CB MT and wastewater discharge WR/CAP/15 Improvement and WR, H&UD M AD A RS MT implementation of Technology for desalination of sea and brackish water WR/CAP/16 Encourage the use of non- WR, H&UD, Agril., M AD A RS MT conventional water for F&E, Research beneficial uses. Organisation Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 141 No. Title Orgns. Priority Type Scale Nature Time Frame WR/CAP/17 Improvement of flood WR, IMD, H AD S CB MT management plan and other OSDMA, Revenue extreme events like cyclone, Department drought etc. WR/CAP/18 Creation of database for WR, CGWB H AD S CB MT ground water resource WR/CAP/19 Establishment of Academia – WR, Research H AD S CB MT Department Interaction Organisation WR/CAP/20 Inter Basin Transfer of Water WR, IMD, CWC M AD S PA MT from Surplus Basin to Deficit Legend: Priority: H – High, M – Medium, L – Low Type: MI - Mitigation, AD - Adaptation Scale: S – State-wide, A – Particular/Focused Area Nature: RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance Timeframe: ST – Short-term (1-2 years), MT- Medium Term (3-5 years), LT – Long term (> 5 years) 142 Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Annexure 6 Stake Holder Response Agriculture SI. Issue Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No 1 Linkage with Each sector, wherever possible, MoEF, Gol Covered under Para National Mission should be linked to the respective 4.1.1 Mission of the National Action Plan on Climate Change. 2 Setting of targets for Various mitigative /adaptive activities MoEF, Gol Covered under adaptive and have been proposed; indicative AG/KP/4. mitigative measures targets to be achieved through these activities may be mentioned. 3 Inclusion of activities Provisions to include additional MoEF, Gol Covered under provisioned under activities which are not covered AG/CAP/6 and 9 National Agriculture under the State Plan but listed in the Mission National Agriculture Mission may be made 4 Review of past Analyze all past policies. Orissa Covered under policies and Protecting and conserving the environmental AG/KP/1. For urgent protection of existing agricultural land resources Society, /emergent Community Agricultural land from non‐agricultural use through a Odisha Water needs diversion of system similar to but more effective Forum, agriculture land would than the regime for transfer of land Janata Vikash be made following due of scheduled caste/tribes. Manch, process of law. Covered Study on corporatization and RCDC. under AG/KP/1. commercialization of agriculture. Odisha Nagarika To create adequate cold storage and Samaj (ONAS) post‐harvest management Vasundhara, infrastructure through more BBSR efficient/attractive supporting Nature mechanisms than those presently Environment and adopted but not much successful in Wildlife Society, increasing private entrepreneurship Angul in this sub sector. Criterion of adequate cold Odisha Nagarika This budget is indicated storage facilities, supply chain and Samaj (ONAS) for policy screening and post‐ harvest infrastructure through seed improvement as more efficient and financial support listed under AG/CAP/2 ‐ The budget of Rs. 143 Crores for reviewing the present agricultural policy is a big wastage and misutilization proposed by government. All budgetary provisions/projections should be based on appropriate measurable targets and financial calculations. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 143 SI. Issue Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No 5 Watershed Critical multi‐stakeholders Review Orissa Review is a part of the development of Watershed programs in the environmental watershed state required; NREGS fund can be Society, programme. utilized. Odisha Water NREGS in watersheds is Focus on Agro ‐forestry approach to Forum, implemented as a reduce solar radiation which affects JanataVikashMan part of convergence the production in dry land. ch, covered under Renovation of small natural water RCDC, AG/KP/4. bodies. NIPIDIT Excavation of small There is a need to increase the BiswanathHota water bodies is one of irrigated area of the state through Retired Deputy the outputs in construction of a good number of Conservator of NREGS/Watershed small and medium Irrigation projects Forest, programmes. especially in the upper catchment Bhawanipatna Agro‐forestry covered area not only to enhance food under AG/CAP/26. production but also to prevent damage due to flood and drought. 6 Addressing Planning Climate Change Actions as Orissa Study proposed to vulnerability per agro climatic zone. environmental determine CCAP must address vulnerability of Society, implications of climate small and marginal poor and tribal Odisha Water changes on SF/MF farmers; it must promote farmers' Forum, covered under institutions to interact with other JanataVikashMan AG/CAP/15: stakeholders. ch, State has already Local perspectives in terms of impact RCDC, initiated weather based of climate change on agriculture are NIPIDIT crop insurance to not reflected. mitigate climate risks. Strategy on Weather insurance and Also included in Back yup plan for disasters must be AG/CAP/37 clearly spelled out 7 Organic Farming To declare organic farming as Dr. Promotion of organic industry so as to give a boost to BhagbanPrakash agriculture covered organic practices in agriculture that Convener, under AG/CAP/25: would help reduce the chemical OdishaNagarikaS vulnerability of agricultural lands as amaj (ONAS), well as of wild flora & fauna NIPIDIT associated with or affected by Nature agriculture(like certain bird species). Environment and Chemical farming should not be Wildlife Society encouraged anymore and organic Angul farming should be subsidized. Emphasis on organic farming with reduction of chemical vulnerability of agriculture lands 144 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan SI. Issue Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No 8 Crop diversity To develop a standard crop Dr. Crop Diversification pattern diversity pattern that would be BhagbanPrakash covered under mandatory(within 1 year of approval Convener, AG/CAP/20 of this Plan) for any single agriculture OdishaNagarikaS land of size more than 1 acre so as to amaj (ONAS), ensure at least sporadic canopy cover NIPIDIT of taller plants (like banana and other fruit crops) in the agricultural fields. A minimum standard sporadic canopy cover required to reduce the vulnerability of large agricultural fields (single‐owned or multi‐owned) to climate' change ( in this context, solar radiation) can be developed by scientists • Develop standard crop diversity and rotation pattern for a particular agricultural land 9 Promotion of SRI System of Rice intensification (SRI) Dr. Bhagban SRI method is included which is emerging as sustainable Prakash in AG/CAP/18 Other paddy cultivation practice and is Convener, Odisha such studies will be believed to be contributing positively Nagarika Samaj carried out under to arrest climate change by emitting (ONAS), Nature AG/CAP/29 less methane gas should be Environment and promoted among the farmers. Similar Wildlife Society, practices like SSI (Sustainable Angul Sugarcane Initiative) are to be promoted. * Adoption of alternative agricultural practices and appropriate technology like SRI [System of Rice Intensification] and low water requirement crops 10 Mitigate Drought Drought is a very big issue for climate Dr. Bhagban Covered under change‐ nothing discussed to Prakash AG/KP/9: Developing mitigate drought in the document Convener, Odisha sustainable soil, water Nagarika Samaj and crop management (ONAS), practices. Covered under AG/KP/10: Breeding studies on major crops for tolerance/resistance AG/KP/5: Integrated watershed development AG/CAP/37: Climate risk management services All these deal with drought mitigation in Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 145 SI. Issue Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No addition to other key priority activities. No focus on indigenous Nature seed variety/traditional crops Environment and which are resistant to weather Wildlife Society extremes. Angul Involvement of other actors should be there other than the government. The action plan should talk about how low carbon economy can be brought in which is completely missing in the present document. Even though women constitute the largest producer but role of women in agriculture is ignored. Tribal areas should be included as rain fed areas. 11 Food Security Area development plan for crops R.C Dash NIPDIT National Food Security that ensure food security & PAG, Phulbani Mission is working on the select crops to ensure food security. 12 Rural technologies Application of low cost rural R.C Dash NIPDIT AG/CAP/17: Promotion technology for preservation of crops & PAG, Phulbani of low carbon at the producers' level. technologies in climate Emphasis on traditional sensitive watershed methods of area AG/CAP/24: preservation. Documentation of ITK is Promotion of indigenous technology helping in adaptation to in agriculture. climate change covered under some programmes o tribal development department 13 Community to gain The promotion of perennial fruit Vasundhara, Promotion of Perennial CER cultivation will lead to growth of Sahid Nagar fruit orchards covered green mass which act as carbon under AG/CAP/23 sink. The authorities should look how this can be effectively used by the community to gain CER (carbon exchange rate) thus assisting the community. 146 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan SI. Issue Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No 14 Conducting climate A remarkable shift in pattern of food Vasundhara, Study proposed in related research grown in tribal dominated area Sahid Nagar AG/KP/10.AG/KP/11, studies is observed. A paradigm shifting in AG/CAP/15, AG/CAP/30 the cultivation of water intensified crops like rice is observed at water scarcity area. It will have pressure on water thus affecting the community. Thus from climate change perspective this is quite important. A thorough research should be undertaken to assess the impact. Apart from this the potentiality of GHG emissions (methane) from traditional disposal of agricultural waste should be assessed. A through research should be undertaken to know the amount of green house gas emitting from the state from the traditional way of disposal of agricultural waste. 15 Promotion of Breeding studies on major Vasundhara, Covered under indigenous crops for tolerance/resistances: Sahid AG/CAP/28: Screening traditional varieties Instead of conducting research to Nagar, BBSR ‐ of and value addition to identify the genotypes of rice, green resilient species from gram, black gram and other local agro biodiversity. agricultural crops that have specific resistance to multiple stresses, the local indigenous variety of seed should be promoted. In the name of research, there is a chance of promotion of hybrid variety of crops, Bt crops which will have catastrophic impact on the health as well as on the existing gene‐pool. Rather the indigenous traditional variety of seeds should be promoted. It has been already proved that the local varieties are more resistant to various types of climatic variations. So these can be promoted. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 147 SI. Issue Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No 16 Cluster approach to There is need to make specific BiswanathHota Watershed encourage allocation of funds to extend support Retired Deputy management/ Crop sustainable to interested farmers in cluster Conservator of management practices/ development villages on different areas of the Forest, Organic Farming/ Seed state so as to encourage sustainable Bhawanipatna improvement/ Agro‐ cultivation and to increase the Forestry/ Fruit carbon sequestration and also to plantation/ Farm Ponds reduce serious health hazards arising etc have been proposed due to large scale application of under AG/KP/4, chemical pesticides. AG/CAP/21, AG/CAP/23 Study also reveals that the soil that , AG/CAP/25, had been organic, had 15 to 28 % AG/CAP/26 greater carbon content than soil treated with chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Organic food products are also tasty, healthy and fetch higher price. The practice also improves the condition of the soil and environment. 17 Mitigation measures There seem to be 3 components in Biswajit Mohanty Developing water‐ the agriculture part of the plan Wildlife society efficient micro a. Scoping‐screening for of Orissa, Cuttack irrigation methods and forecasting, individual/ / Agro‐ b. Research on adaptation Forestry/ Fruit techniques ,and plantation/ Plantations c. Implementation of in wastelands in rain Adaptation on ground which fed watershed area/ involves training for existing Improved crop staff and farmers and on‐ management practices ground implementation of like organic farming, adaptation mechanisms. vermin‐compost etc. What is significantly missing Climate risk is the mitigation part where management services the reduction of GHGs (weather based crop through shifting away from insurance). Covered chemical fertilisers and under AG/CAP/21, carbon sequestration AG/CAP/26, AG/KP/5, through organic farming AG/CAP/25, AG/KP/10 could be mentioned and in fact should be pursued. To look at Political precedents on this, interestingly the Andhra Pradesh Government is trying to look at the possibility of accessing CDM money for promoting organic farming rationalizing this ask on the basis of the above two reasons. 148 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Coasts and disaster Sl. Issue Suggestions/ Comments Agency Remarks No. 1 Adoption and Conservation/plantation of NIPIDIT & Phulbani This issue is mitigation‐ aspects mangrove medicinal plants on mud Action Group addressed in the key dealt with under flats should be taken up with priority‐ 9 this sector are not community’s participation. “strengthening of adequate. coastal protection methods”, of sector Coast & Disaster of CCAP. 2 The document is Local communities should be NIPIDIT & Phulbani This issue is not talking about capacitated to formulate their own Action Group addressed in the key the disaster risk contingency plan and respond to the priority‐ 4 reduction , emerging disasters/risks. “Conducting micro‐ mitigation , level vulnerability adaptation at local assessment” and level priority 12 “Setting up an integrated training and capacity building protocol” of sector Coast & Disaster of CCAP. 3 Coordination ‐‐‐‐ NIPIDIT &Phulbani OSCZMA functions between Coastal Action Group in the Forest and Zone Management Environment Authority and Forest Department under Department is the chairmanship of missing. the Principal Secretary, Forest and Environment Department so coordination is there 4 Flood mapping, Apart from this too much Vasundhara Keeping in view the flood forecasting dependency on technical aspects extreme climate and down scaled will work like boomerang. So instead events likely to be climate change of relying on such high technology, exuberated due to projections rather focused should be on the climate change and modelling. traditional knowledge, experience of complexity of the river side people in flood forecasting issue it is essential which is quite effective. to go for modelling. 5 Studying coastal There is a requirement of studying Vasundhara This is not within erosion. the erosion of rivers apart from sea. the scope of this sector. It is a part of the Basin Management Plan. IWRM will address this issue. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 149 6 Needs assessment Though development of new Vasundhara Suggestions are and constructing multipurpose cyclone shelter is being incorporated multipurpose needed, there is a dire need of in the Action Plan. cyclone shelters proper maintenance of old shelters that has been developed. Apart from this essential facility such as deep bore well near to the shelter, provision of HAM radio should be provided. 7 Dredging and river Apart from this, un‐regular lifting of Vasundhara This is a cross mouth widening to sands from river beds needs to be cutting issue. improve flood checked. There is an urgent management: requirement of assessing the upcoming impact of construction of port on flood control and sea erosion point of view. 8 Baseline A good starting point in this regard Biswajit Mohanty This issue is /benchmarking of might be to ensure the mapping of addressed in the key coastal resources existing spread of mangroves, sand‐ priority‐2 dunes and other fragile coastal “Assessment of ecosystems which also serve in the erosion prone areas context of mitigation. Such a with the help of reference should act as a baseline Digital Elevation model” and key priority‐3 “Studying coastal erosion”. of sector Coast & Disaster of CCAP. 9 Assessment of For arresting coastal erosion, Biswajit Mohanty This issue is erosion prone areas suitable safeguards need to be built addressed in the key of the Orissa coast to ensure that other coastal hard priority‐2 engineering structures – “Assessment of breakwaters etc and groynes, erosion prone areas seawalls are avoided in general and with the help of considered only Digital Elevation model”, of sector Coast & Disaster of CCAP. 10 Impacts of Ports have been recognised by the Biswajit Mohanty Partly addressed in construction of new NIO as one singular aspect of coastal The Wildlife Society CAP 4.9.11 ports development contributing towards of Orissa This issue will also coastal erosion (NIO studies be addressed in estimate that around 25% of India’s Environmental coastline has eroded). Impact Assessment studies while considering proposal of new ports in the state. 150 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan 11 Actions proposed Studies may be taken up as part of Vrutti Livelihood Proposed studies, relate to studies, National/International initiative. Resource Centre, modelling would be research, modelling Bhubaneswar carried out by would be difficult to commissioning the execute at State services of the level, as Climate competent Change is Global institutes at the Phenomena, also national level. Limited Capacity at State level 12 Focus and clarity on Need for evaluating different Vrutti Livelihood This issue is preparedness and options before allocating resources. Resource Centre, addressed in the key adaptation Bhubaneswar priority 4 strategies – mainly “Conducting micro‐ at community level level vulnerability is essential. assessment” and priority 12 “Setting up an integrated training and capacity building protocol”, of sector Coast & Disaster of CCAP. 13 Coastal erosion Sea erosion is already a phenomena Vrutti Livelihood This issue is Focus need to be to find technical Resource Centre, addressed in the key solution to adopt/prevent Sea Bhubaneswar priority‐3, “Studying Erosion coastal erosion”, of sector Coast & Disaster of CCAP. 14 Limited involvement Involvement of vulnerable Vrutti Livelihood This issue is of local community population like coastal fishermen, Resource Centre, addressed in the key and civil society Civil Society, Private Sector, PRIs Bhubaneswar priority 4 coastal villages in implementation “Conducting micro‐ process level vulnerability assessment” and priority 12 “Setting up an integrated training and capacity building protocol” of sector Coast & Disaster of CCAP. 15 Early warning Early warning system in Coastal Vrutti Livelihood This issue is system Fisheries may be integrated with Resource Centre, addressed in the key efforts related to Disaster Bhubaneswar priority 12 of the Management Fishery and Animal Husbandry Sector of CCAP. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 151 16 Coastal erosion It is described that coastal erosion MoEF Experience is and sea level rise etc. To support available in this fact, past events or reference Satabhaya and from the relevant report may also Pentha. Further be quoted. studies will be taken up through ICZM studies. 17 Migration and Details of migration and human MoEF The state has Human settlement settlement in coastal areas and their conducted multi‐ linkage with Climate Change need to hazard assessment be established in this sector and migration from coastal areas is largely related to extreme events. Better preparedness would reduce such impacts and this has been addressed in State Disaster Management Policy. 152 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Fisheries and AH Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 1 The action plan NIPIDIT &Phulbani The issue is document doesn’t Action Group addressed in the talk about the Key priority 11 interests of fisher “Welfare scheme folk. for coastal fishermen” of sector Fisheries & Animal Resource Development Sector of CCAP. 2 Resource allocation Fisheries and Livestock Sector are NIPIDIT &Phulbani The budget for key going to be impacted greatly by Action Group priorities of this climate change. But only 12.5 crore sectors is 217.00 rupees is allocated for the same. Crores and not 12.5 This is less than 1% of the overall Crores . budget. 3 Gochor land Protecting all gochar lands from NIPIDIT &Phulbani The suggestion is encroachments and non‐grazing. Action Group included in the key priority ‐2 “ Emphasis on fodder production ,fodder conservation and rotational grazing” of sector Fisheries & Animal Resource Development Sector of CCAP. 4 Conservation of live Conserving & promoting indigenous NIPIDIT &Phulbani The suggestion is stock livestock‐based food security Action Group addressed in the key systems priority ‐4, of sector Fisheries & Animal Resource Development Sector of CCAP. 5 Awareness Generating awareness among the NIPIDIT &Phulbani The suggestion is fishing communities regarding usage Action Group addressed in the key of nets. priority ‐8, of sector Fisheries & Animal Resource Development Sector of CCAP. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 153 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 6 Capacity Building Provision has been made for MoEF The suggestions are properly training the live stock being incorporated keepers in various advanced in the Action Plan technologies. These capacity (extended to building and training exercises may poultry) be expanded to deal with various other development and research activities. 7 Welfare scheme for Various saving schemes for MoEF The suggestions are Fishermen fishermen have been included in this being incorporated report. Other schemes may also be in the Action Plan. highlighted for protection of the Awareness about fishermen under the circumstances the existing of loss of aquatic life due to floods, insurance products cyclones etc. can be generated and the insurance coverage for other materials can be included for vulnerable areas. 154 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Forestry Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 1 Community CFM missing from the strategy NIPDIT, Phulbani, Community participation Orissa participation is the Dr. ManasRanjan key to the success of Senapati implementing the OCAP. Therefore, community 2 It seems that people’s traditional Vasundhara participation has knowledge, practice of forest been emphasized in protection has not been duly (i) Protecting recognized in this draft action plan. existing forest stock Although a large tract of forest is to act as carbon sink being protect and managed by for stronger community, their effort has not conservation (Para been mentioned in this report. 4.5.3.), (ii) Assessing 3 Overemphasis over the role of Dr.Manohar Chouhan fire management Forest Department and justifying its strategies (Para role as master of Forest reiterating 4.5.7), (iii)Working its colonial position and totally to establish new bypassing the community based systems to support forest protection initiatives without for community users funding (government and non‐ (Para 4.5.9), (iv) government). Capacity building of VSS to adapt to climate change (Para 4.5.13). 4 Awareness creation Awareness should be made for joint Dr.N.K. Samant Community forest management in the field of participation is the reforestation. key to the success of implementing the OCAP. Therefore, community 5 Reforestation to be Reforestation work should be left to Dr.N.K. Samant participation has left to village village and government should been emphasized in provide technology for that. (i) Protecting 6 Natural Natural regeneration would be Nature Environment existing forest stock regeneration preferred in case of degraded and Wildlife Society, to act as carbon sink through community forests through community Angul for stronger protection protection rather than plantation conservation (Para whose survival rate is minimal. 4.5.3.), (ii) Assessing fire management Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 155 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 7 Involvement of ii. In all programs/projects like FDA, Nature Environment strategies (Para NGOs and people in NREGS , CAMPA, OFSDP, Bamboo and Wildlife Society, 4.5.7), (iii)Working plantation Mission, Forest Village Programe, Angul to establish new Industrial plantation, canal systems to support embankment plantation etc. for community users implemented by Forest Department (Para 4.5.9), (iv) should be implemented in a Capacity building of participatory /Joint Forest VSS to adapt to Management (JFM) mode with climate change involvement of NGOs and focus (Para 4.5.13). should be on natural regeneration and protection by people rather than plantation. 8 Assessing additional Villages close to forested areas are 1. NIPDIT, Phulbani, Biodiversity threats to witnessing increasing infiltration on Orissa including wildlife biodiversity and wildlife which increases threat not 2. Dr.Manas Ranjan aspect has been wildlife. only to human beings but also to Senapati dealt in Para 4.5.11. wild animals. To provide protection 3. Odisha Nagarika to wildlife actions should be taken Samaj up to create adequate number of water structures inside the forest to cater to drinking water needs of wild animals. 9 Community‐based Encouraging community‐based 1.NIPDIT, Phulbani, wildlife wildlife conservation through Orissa conservation various support mechanisms like 2.Dr. Manas Ranjan compensating the loss to crops or Senapati livelihood because of this 3. Odisha Nagarika protection. Samaj 10 Plantation and The draft action plan puts a major 1. NIPDIT, Phulbani, The focus is to biodiversity focus on plantation whereas Orissa restock and protect plantation cannot create forest and 2. Dr.Manas Ranjan the existing forest so cannot create biodiversity. Even Senapati by assisting natural compensatory plantation is not 3. Odisha Nagarika regeneration actually compensatory in terms of Samaj supplemented by the loss of ecosystem & biodiversity. planting of The Forest Department must not indigenous local adhere to any superficial strategy species. that increases the state burden of debt and can’t substitute for loss of biodiversity. 156 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 11 NTFPs and The document is completely silent 1. NIPDIT, Phulbani, It has been included livelihood on people’s dependence on NTFPs Orissa in Para 4.5.9. for sustenance and livelihood. 2. Dr.Manas Ranjan Rather, it talks about reducing the Senapati pressure of communities on NTFPs 3. Odisha Nagarika which indicates that the forest Samaj dependents will be alienated from the resource in the future. On the other hand it is widely known that around one‐fourth population of the state is critically dependent on NTFP livelihood. Again, the NTFP dependent regions are considered as the most poverty stricken and backward areas. Further, this dependence has also been a major triggering factor motivating the rural communities to undertake forest protection and management of their own. Considering these facts priority should be given to strengthening sustainable NTFP livelihood. Ex‐situ cultivation of NTFPs which support livelihood and health ( with traditional knowledge) should be strongly supported. 12 NTFP Protecting and conserving the Odisha Nagarika It has been included inventorization, forest‐based food security systems Samaj in Para 4.5.9. conservation and through proper inventorization of marketing various non‐timber forest products, promotion of their in situ and ex‐situ conservation/propagation, value addition & processing through a centralized effort some autonomous body like NTFP Development Authority. NTFP crop failures should be adequately compensated through cash or kind. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 157 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 13 NTFP marketing On page 37 under section 4.5.13 Dr.D.Suryakumari, This is incorporated there is mention about NTFP related Director, Centre for in Para 4.5.9 ( in livelihood promotion and capacity People’s Forestry efficient marketing building. But based on past network) experience, the govt. may think of strengthening the TDCC or any other suitable agency to take up the marketing on behalf of the NTFP collectors in a way that is beneficial to them (in the lines of GCC in AP or NFP federation of Chhatisgarh). Required budgetary provisions towards this may be provided. It is also needed to promote non forest based livelihood in an intensive way in the tribal areas so that the low productivity of the NTFP species (due to climate change) does not hit them hard. NREGS fund can be used for this purpose. 14 Research agenda 1.NIPDIT, Phulbani, Research agenda should also include This has been Orissa periodic study on forests cover and planned in Para 2.Dr.Manas Ranjan impact on climate change, threats to 4.5.14. forest based livelihood etc. Senapati 3. Odisha Nagarika Samaj 15 Protecting Linking and Protecting and rejoining wildlife 1.NIPDIT, Phulbani, forest rejoining wildlife corridors through natural and Orissa fragmentation has corridor artificial methods. 2.Dr.Manas Ranjan been included in Senapati Para 4.5.11. 3. Odisha NagarikaHowever the Samaj suggestion will be taken care while preparing the detailed action plan 16 Natural Natural regeneration would be 1.NIPDIT, Phulbani, This will be taken regeneration of preferred in case of degraded Orissa care in the degraded forests forests through community 2.Dr.Manas Ranjan preparation of protection in CFM mode. Senapati detailed action plan 3. Odisha Nagarika under Para 4.5.2 Samaj and 4.5.3. In reforestation/ Afforestation activities in degraded forest areas, a process of assisted natural regeneration will be followed. 158 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 17 JFM policy People should be granted full 1.NIPDIT, Phulbani, The State JFM ownership rights over their Orissa Resolution has been protected patches irrespective of 2.Dr.Manas revised in 2008. the legal status, crop status, area or RanjanSenapati Further revision to registration under JFM address the societal development will be taken up in due course. 18 JFM policy The exclusive Community Forest Odisha Nagarika Management Institutions in Odisha Samaj which have been existing much earlier than the JFM policy and which lose their strength & rights under the present JFM regime, need to encouraged and legal recognisation should be accrued to them as the carbon sink promoters because research says that they sequester carbon from the atmosphere @ 2.55 tones / ha / year through their efforts. 19 JFM policy Community forestry management is Odisha Nagarika a remarkable feature in Orissa. Samaj Enabling and facilitating environment should be created to foster community forestry. Tenurial security should be given to such communities. 20 JFM Resolutions vis‐ While the most important role of Dr.Manohar Chouhan The State JFM à‐vis Forest Rights the government and non‐ Resolution has been Act government organizations and revised in 2008. institutions is to ensure holding of Further revision to fair and inclusive (Participation of address the societal all) Gram sabha, the Gram sabha / development will be Pallisabha have been manipulated taken up in due as and when necessary by the course. government and even by the non government organizations and institutions to serve their temporary and some time their fraudulent need. In this context, giving more emphasis on Vana Samrakshyana Samitties (VSS) formed under JFM where forest Department play a crucial role is constitutionally questionable after the enactment of the Forest Rights Act,2006 which purposively kept the government personal out from the community Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 159 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. based informal institutions. While the Gram Panchayat consisting of number of habitations/villages have been the central point in dealing with the community people, there is an urgent need to target every habitations/villages as a separate unit while making any plan and dealing with the community people at the grass root level. 21 Forest Rights Act, Mandatory conservation of existing Odisha Nagarika As above JFM Resolutions and forests, potential forest areas, and Samaj mandatory all such hills that have potential for conservation of forest growths. Forest lands existing forests remaining after the allotment of parts thereof under Forest Rights Act are to be made free from further encroachments and also conserved with community assistance. Forests claimed under community rights are to be essentially conserved by the allotted communities. To ensure that forest protecting communities conserve and protect their local forests with sincerity and spontaneous sense responsibility, the key issue discouraging them from having this sincerity as well as sense of responsibility should be immediately solved in the light of the last but unimplemented JFM resolution of 1990s and the provisions of FRA,200 i.e. they should be granted full ownership rights over their protected patches irrespective of the legal status, crop status, area, or registration under JFM, but with a condition that in no case the harvesting or final harvesting by them in the forest would disturb the average forest cover or canopy. (that would be determined in each case). 22 Compensatory Making compensatory Afforestation 1.NIPDIT, Phulbani, This practice is afforestation of indigenous species essentially Orissa presently followed. local to the affected area, and 2.Dr.Manas Ranjan implemented through the Senapati involvement of affected 3. Odisha Nagarika communities. Samaj 160 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 23 Alternative Encouraging alternative livelihood 1.NIPDIT, Phulbani, This has been livelihood support support to the forest dwellers. Orissa included in Para 2.Dr.Manas Ranjan 4.5.9. Senapati 24 Conversion of forest The current status of forest in the Odisha Nagarika For urgent/ land for non‐ state should be strictly maintained. Samaj emergent forestry purposes No further conversion of forest to community non‐forestry purpose should take developmental place except under the provisions of needs diversion of Forest Rights Act (for Scheduled forest land would be Tribes & other traditional forest made following the dwellers)2006. due process of law. 25 Diversion of forest Diversion of forest for non‐forestry Odisha Nagarika for non‐forestry should be disallowed without Samaj purpose consultation of local communities. 26 Covering bald hills Reforestation/afforestation of all 1.Odisha Nagarika Since the overall with suitable species hills potential of forest growth Samaj approach is mix would be taken up with the help of 2. Vasundhara biodiversity local communities and under their conservation/ ownership. Monoculture is not to be development, the promoted, and various indigenous indigenous mix species having multiple utilities as species will be well as suitability for local promoted. biodiversity should be planted in consultation with local communities. The Forest Department should certify a hill that is not suitable for forest growth, following which only the revenue department may lease it out (if necessary). 27 Covering bald hills Reforestation/afforestation of all 1.Odisha Nagarika Since the overall with suitable species hills potential of forest growth Samaj approach is mix would be taken up with the help of 2. Vasundhara biodiversity local communities and under their conservation/ ownership. Monoculture is not to be development, the promoted, and various indigenous indigenous mix species having multiple utilities as species will be well as suitability for local promoted. biodiversity should be planted in consultation with local communities. The Forest Department should certify a hill that is not suitable for forest growth, following which only the revenue department may lease it out (if necessary). Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 161 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 28 Covering bald hills According to the action plan Odisha Nagarika The process of with suitable species proposed under this area, it will Samaj afforesting bald hills mix require nearly 835 years to cover is intrinsically the entire area which is ridiculous. A difficult and area more practicable and strategy needs specific approach is to be developed and community’s necessary. Efforts participation should be encouraged will be made to in this regard. enhance the pace of afforestation in bald hills. 29 Protection of Increasing and protecting existing Odisha Nagarika Forest Department mangrove cover mangrove cover along the coast. For Samaj has the expertise to this purpose all mangrove patches, Vasundhara mange and restock irrespective of their legal status or mangrove crop status, should be handed over vegetation along the to OSDMA or other such agency for coast and at present necessary conservation and conservation and regeneration activities with regeneration are community involvement. undertaken with community participation. 30 Conservation of Special efforts on high priority for Odisha Nagarika Vultures are part of vultures the conservation and reproduction Samaj wildlife of vultures, with community management plan. involvement. 31 Obtaining access to Obtaining access to updated Odisha Nagarika This will be part of updated knowledge knowledge on climate change Samaj the implementing science and policy developments strategy of OCAP. and regular interactions with international bodies like IUFRO so as to ensure updated approaches on climate change. 32 Capacity building of Capacity building of Panchayati Raj Odisha Nagarika Already included in Panchayati Raj institutions/ communities and their Samaj Para 4.5.13. institutions/ institution (like village forest communities and protection committees not affiliated their institution to JFM or FDA)/JFM institutions to adapt to climate change. Communities conferred with resource rights under FRA should be capacitated on sustainable forest management contributing to arresting climate change effects. 33 Protection and Protecting and conserving natural Odisha Nagarika It is broadly conservation of hot spots of medicinal plants like Samaj included in Para natural hot spots of Gandhamardan hills. In‐situ 4.5.11. medicinal plants conservation and propagation should be the priority. 162 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 34 Assessing fire Local community and forest staff Odisha Nagarika Covered under Para management should be empowered to arrest Samaj 4.5.7. strategy forest fire by equipping them with modern equipments, fire extinguishers etc. 35 Integrated forest Integrated forest management Odisha Nagarika It has been management policy policy should be there. Samaj emphasized in the action plan 36 Justification for The action plan envisages Odisha Nagarika In view of extensive reforestation and undertaking reforestation/ Samaj degraded forests, afforestation afforestation activities in 12,500 Sq reforestation/ km area in the next 5 years. For this afforestation is it has kept a budget of absolutely Rs.2,400crore. necessary. Reforestation and afforestation Objective is to activities are nothing new in Orissa. restock and protect Huge sums of money have been existing forest. pumped into such activities. However, success of such programmes has always been shrouded in suspicion. Hence, a huge budget here requires some justification from the government. The justification should come with explanation on how much have been spent and how much forest cover has improved due to such plantation. The other point is that Orissa has moderate forest coverage or better than that coverage in only 18.3 percent of its total geographic area. In such context, a target of 12,500 sq km looks quite insignificant to improve forest coverage drastically. Besides, a realistic assessment of available land for afforestation/reforestation has to be made taking the FRA into consideration. 37 Growth of green A growth of 10% green cover will be Dina Krushna Joshi cover achieved by what time and the modalities need to be spelt clearly with year‐wise target. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 163 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 38 Creating forest in Creating more forest in revenue Dina Krushna Joshi Non‐agricultural revenue area area to compensate the loss on lands are generally forest cover due to mining and considered for industries Under CAMPA may will compensatory cost us dear as the loss is of afforestation. potential agricultural land which could have been used in case of food insecurity. How judicious is this move need to be studied. 39 Creation forest and As massive agriculture & forest land Citizen’s Action agricultural land in have been used for industrialization, Forum & ZillaMahila lieu of land diverted mining activities and subsequent Mancha. for industrialization urbanization, therefore and urbanization proportionate agricultural & forest land should be created in this area. 40 Tree planting by Every industry has to plant tree, the UtkalKeshari Biswal Industries bear the industries land provided by Orissa cost of Government. That will also maintain compensatory by them. Type of tree that will select afforestation as per & provide by Govt.of Orissa. Above Forest Conservation all process will be done under Act, 1980 and supervision of District Collector or deposit NPV for the nominate member by Govt.of forest land used by Orissa. Every industry has to go them. through the one format given by Govt.of Orissa. 41 Conspiracy of the 9. There has been conspiracy of the Dr.Manohar Chouhan Thrust is to cover MoEF and Forest MoEF and Forest Department to land already Department to bring bring more and more revenue recorded as forest. more and more common land (Westland) under revenue common forest category through planned land (Westland) plantation programmes leading to under forest land alienation of the tribal and category through marginal community. These plans planned plantation are seems to be blindly planned for programme the plantation programme even in the waste revenue land and bald‐ hills areas of many districts without calculating the implications as these lands are under occupation of the local community people. In these area, the number of landless, small and marginal land holders are in majority and they occupies those land and are cultivate those land for their subsistence. There is an urgent need to identify such occupations and to settle them against the cultivators by simplifying the 164 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. procedures under revenue laws (deserving the un‐leasable land) And without finding out the actual status of the waste lands, hills etc and planning for the plantation over them would be just a dream. Besides, the individual occupations over the waste land in the village, there is a great difference between the thoughts of the Government and community people over the community land/common land. While the community people believes these common land as their own land (every one has equal rights individually without any abstraction of others or collective rights of accesses and of use), the Govt. hardly recognizes the collective rights and thought that whatever land in the village not legally belonged to any private person is government land where it can plan whatever it centrally decided. Thus there is great need to understand the relationship of the community people with the common land and also the land use patterns before planning anything 42 Forest Rights Act, Intentionally, bypassing the Dr.Manohar Chouhan Question does not 2006 and Central constitutional enactment of Forest arise. PESA, 1996 Rights Act, 2006 and Central PESA, Implementation of intentionally 1996, which has centralized the all programmes of bypassed community (Gram Sabha) in every OCAP will be within respect relating to the protection, the framework of regeneration and management of laws. the forest, wildlife and biodiversity? Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 165 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 43 Wrong estimation of Wrong estimation/calculation of Dr.Manohar Chouhan Afforestation will be plantation plantation programmes (where taken up on the programmes (area) plantation will be done). The Govt.of vacant /degraded Orissa has reported that 265755.77 forest land with acres of forest land have been community distributed to 168403 number of participation. forest dwellers under individual forest rights and 35064.57 acres of forest land have been distributed under community forest rights by 30th April,2010 under the Forest Rights Act,2006. Besides, thousands of forest dwellers are occupying over forest land are cultivating them and have claimed under forest rights act and thousands of villages are yet to be given their community forest rights under the FRA 2006. 44 Monoculture In the name of forest Dr.Manohar Chouhan Afforestation plantation regeneration/afforestation/ programme is reforestation, the Forest implemented as per Department has always gone for the Working Plans monoculture plantation programme prescriptions. destroying the natural forest Working Plans have habitations and bio‐diversity. In this been prepared for respect, the scientific forest scientific management was followed from the management of British imperialism to generate more forests. and more revenue by selling timbers, allowing private parties to cut forest as much as they could through forest corporations, the natural forest regeneration through simply protection by the community people have been totally and intentionally neglected. 166 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 45 There has been a practice of Dr.Manohar Chouhan Imposition of formal Community imposition of formal institutions institutions over the participation in community people over the community people forestry activities replacing replacing the informal, traditional the are as per the institutions. informal, traditional Formalizing the Government policy institutions institution is not a problem but has outlined in JFM been seen that by putting Resolution. government personnel in the community based formal institutions, the good practices of the informal institutions have been killed and it has become power centers revolving round the government personnel. Thus whenever any plan are being made these formal institutions are felt responsible and accountable while the importance of the community people who are the centre of the plan are bypassed. In such practices the community people losses its credibility and confidence by always depending on the government persons /institutions. Thus, there is a need to change the attitude and practices in the designed plans, giving central authority to the local community people in devising and executing the plans. 46 Monitoring of Since it is clearly pointed out of the Dr.Manohar Chouhan For monitoring of carbon stock and cross cutting issues in different carbon stock and biodiversity sectors of interventions, the Forest biodiversity at Department can not alone be regular interval, responsible for handling the appropriate matters. The Revenue Department, mechanism has the Tribal welfare Department and been provided in the Panchayati Raj Department the OCAP. should be collectively responsible for any plan towards monitoring of carbon stock and biodiversity at regular intervals and see the various programmes implemented. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 167 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 47 Study on the In the study part, there is also a Dr.Manohar Chouhan This has been dealt implications of non‐ greater need to study the in Para 4.5.3 and funded forest i) Implications of non‐funded forest 4.5.14. protection protection initiatives by the initiatives by the community people and its impact community people over the carbon stocks. and its impact over ii)Impacts of the scientific forest the carbon stocks, management system based on etc. monoculture plantations. iii)Impact of continuous practices and activities of the forest corporations upon the carbon stocks. iv)Assessment of forest diversion for the non‐forest uses. v)Assessment of the status of plantations done in the name of compensatory afforestation over the period. vi)Study on the individual contributions towards climate change. For example promoting small and marginal farmers to plant trees in bond (hida) of their private cultivable lands for their own household uses etc. 48 Increasing planting Plantation in non‐forest land will Vasundhara Plantation on non‐ on non‐forest land lead to create pressure on forest land is limited and also exploring agricultural as well as waste land, It to orchards, trees in where new and will lead to food insecurity. farm bunds, increased tree roadside plantation, planting could and canal bank and create barriers to irrigation projects. storm and cyclone Tree planting will impacts in coastal also be taken up on zone non‐forest private land along the coast for security of coastal region against storm and cyclone. 168 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 49 Studies on Undertaking studies on indigenous Vasundhara Although indigenous indigenous trees trees species to assess their plants are more species vulnerability to climate change: It is resistant to short an established fact that indigenous term variations in plants are more resistant to any sort climatic condition, of climatic variability. So making the impact of studies on the vulnerability to climate change climate change itself means that as needs to be studied if the plant are vulnerable .This type for advancing of research will yield no result. scientific knowledge There is a dire need of protecting to develop and conserving natural hot spots of mitigation strategy. medicinal plants like Gandhamardan, Khandadhar, Niyamgiri hills. In‐situ conservation and propagation should be given priority. 50 Incentive to private In the field of forestry private Dr.N.K. Samant Already covered in individual. individual should be given some Para 4.5.4 incentive to plant forest and increase the forest cover both in private land, government land and reserve forest. 51 Individual rights for Certain amendment are to be Dr.N.K. Samant It already exists in fruits and incorporated in the Forest Act,1972 JFM policy. homestead use. and Forest Conservation Act,1980 recognizing individual rights for fruits and homestead use. 52 Industrial Industrial development is the key for Anjan Kumar Sahu Government is development not at the development of Orissa, but not committed to the cost of forest at the cost of forest degradation and environment degradation and livelihood security of the people. friendly livelihood security The present South Korea POSCO development. of the people project in Orissa which will cut down 2.8 lakh trees would have serious repercussions on cyclone, forest conservation and the livelihood security of the people. 53 Promotion of EDC Promotion of EDC (Eco‐ Nature Environment This will be taken Development Committees) and Eco‐ and Wildlife Society, care in detailed development activities including Angul action plan of Para eco‐tourism rather than 4.5.11. Afforestation in protected areas and sanctuaries of Odisha. 54 Environmental Environmental assessment of all Nature Environment Already being done assessment by civil industries should be done by civil and Wildlife Society through public society society organizations and report hearing. organizations should be publicly disclosed for proper implementation EAP/EMP by Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 169 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. industry. 55 Need for massive Needs massive forestation. If we see N.S. Swain Massive afforestation our southern/western Orissa de‐ afforestation / forestation is the only lively hood for reforestation has 60/70% population. been included in Para 4.5.2. 56 Alternative source We should provide alternative N.S. Swain Already in vogue. for fire wood source for fire wood to the multitude of people. 57 Fund for helping It ignores the contribution of N.S. Swain Compensation in villages that are community forest management in the form of protecting their protecting and developing Orissa developmental forests to gain forest and allocates no budget for action in VSS/EDC is access to alternate helping villages that are protecting being done. livelihoods and their forests to gain access to alternate fuel alternate livelihoods and alternate sources fuel sources. 58 Rewards for The Orissa Rewards for Detection of Orissa Krushak The Orissa Reward detection of forest Forest Offences Rules,2004, is not Mahasangha for Detection of offences encouraging because the Forest Offence percentages of reward are very Rules,2004 has slow. So reward should be given to provision for grant informers as well as Govt. staff @ of reward to forest 35% & 15% respectively of theft officials and public materials towards incentive. The informers in cases reward also may be given to of seizure of forest villagers / institutions / person(s) produce to the those who will catch theft of forest extent of 25% of the materials with the auto vehicles. By sale price of the enhancing reward percentage public seized produce. will be more encouraged to inform These rules came the clandestine operations. into force from 28.1.2005.The staff taking part in the detection and seizure are entitled to 45% and the informers are entitled to 45% and the balance 10% of the value of the seized produce is credited to a welfare fund for forest officials and informers. Detailed guidelines for implementation of 170 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. the Rules were issued by Government on 4.12.2006. This rule has been promulgated only recently, and its utility and effectiveness need to be carefully assessed before any modification or enhancing of the reward amount is to be considered by Government. Also there is apprehension that enhancing the reward amount beyond the existing level might create an incentive for the unscrupulous elements to resort to illicit felling and commission of forest offence and claim reward as informers. A proper balance has to be struck between the desirability of the grant of reward and misuse of the provision. 59 Aluminium and Iron Forest has capacity to absorb Orissa Krushak Aluminium and Iron to be used as Carbon dioxide and Carbon‐ Mahasangha cause more damage alternative material monoxide. So, use of valuable to environment in to wood for making wooden materials in private long run and hence door, window and buildings may completely be banned substituting wood furniture. by making appropriate law. Those by Aluminium and who will use these materials shall be Iron materials for liable for disconnection of electric construction is not supply, heavy fine and severe desirable. punishment. The money collected (from illegal users) may be given to informers as well as Govt.staff on 35% & 15% respectively of theft Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 171 Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. materials towards incentive. The name of informers may be kept secret. P.V.C. Aluminum an Iron may be used as alternative material to wood for making door, window and furniture. 60 Plantation and Due to rampant corruption, Orissa Failure of plantation further follow up plantation schemes have failed. KrushakMahasangha programmes is not a action to be Thus, plantation and further follow fact. Low survival at assigned on tender up action may please be assigned on some places is basis to private tender basis to private agencies by attributed to various agencies taking bank guarantee. biotic factors 61 Separate species to Some specific species of tree may be Orissa Krushak Afforestation be planted in Govt planted by Govt. and some species Mahasangha programme is based land and private of trees may be planted by private on site suitability for land for commercial purpose. The T.T. various species. permit system for commercial tree cutting may be abolished. 62 Plantation as a Plantation may be included as Orissa Krushak Environmental school and college compulsory subject in the academic Mahasangha conservation and curriculum curricular in High School, +2 and +3 other related levels. aspects are already covered in the school and college curriculum. 63 Reward to the Wild animals to a greater extent are Orissa Krushak Already there. informer of protecting forest. So the informers Mahasangha poaching cases of the poachers may be awarded with a cash prize of Rs.25,000 to Rs.50,000/‐. The name of the informer may be kept secret. Also 24 hour ANTI‐POACHER squad MAY BE MADE IN ALL Wild Life Forest Divisions and Reserve Forests. Retired defense personnel may please be posted in said mobile squad by giving police power and weapons. 64 Formation of State State Environment Protection Orissa Krushak Machinery required Environment Council (His Excellency Mahasangha as per law are Protection Council Governor as the Chairman) may already in place. please be reconstituted as early as possible and the council should sit twice in a year. 172 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Suggestions Agency Remarks No. 65 Specific indicative Specific indicative targets for MoEF, Govt of India Targets for targets for afforestation, carbon sequestration afforestation/ afforestation and and reducing emissions from reforestation have carbon deforestation and forest been mentioned in sequestration degradation activities may be the Plan. Estimation incorporated as one of the major of carbon adoptive/ mitigative activities for sequestration reducing GHG emissions. potential is in progress. 66 Linkages with Green Linkages with the Green India MoEF, Govt of India Already covered in India Mission and Mission may be established and Para 4.5.1. CAMPA activities accordingly text may be revised. CAMPA activities may also be referred where appropriate. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 173 Health Sl. Issue Suggestions/ Comments Agency Remarks No. 1 Respiratory Incidence & Prevalence of Acute Prasanta Kumar Hota, This is already disease Respiratory Infections and Executive Director addressed in section Psychosomatic disorders are Solidarity for Social 4.6.11 of the action increasing steadily Equality plan (Human Rights Centre) AdarshaPada, Post: Rajendra Collge, Balangir‐767002 2 Biomedical Management of hospital waste is not R. C. Dash This issue is covered Waste in the plan. NIPIDIT & PAG, Phulbani under the existing Management provisions of BMW Biomedical waste and municipality Prasanna Kumar Behera Management Rules waste should be properly managed Honorary Secretary 1998 under the EP Nature Environment & Act. Wildlife Society (NEWS) L‐11/47, Tamrit Colony Angul‐759122, Odisha Revamping domestic and hospital Orissa Voluntary Health solid waste management system Association Lokswasthya Bhawan, Bhubaneswar‐ Biomedical waste, municipality Prasanna Kumar waste & Solid Waste Management BeheraHonorary Rules properly enforced Secretary (NEWS) /implemented. L‐11/47, Tamrit Colony Angul‐759122, Odisha Drug Policy Not mentioned about review of R. C. Dash It is a sub‐activity of existing drug policy and illegal drug NIPIDIT & PAG, Phulbani Health Policy and it business. has been addressed under PanchByadhi Enforcement of drug adulteration Dr.Bhagabanprakash system. Act. Orissa NAgarikaSamaj Health Security High priority on industrial / Dr.Bhagabanprakash Addressed in occupational health security. Orissa NAgarikaSamaj Health/KP/2 Drinking Water Safe drinking water should be Dr.Bhagabanprakash Addressed in para included in all particularly on a Orissa NAgarikaSamaj 4.6.10 priority basis for the underprivileged Apparently food people. safety also includes safe drinking water. Heat Wave Strengthening approaches to deal Orissa Voluntary Health Addressed in with heat wave conditions Association Health/KP/4. exacerbated due to climate change LokswasthyaBhawan, 165‐ Laxmisagar Square Bhubaneswar‐751006, Orissa 174 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Measures to Undertaking measures to manage Orissa Voluntary Health Addressed in diseases water borne diseases that have Association Health/KP/7. worsened due to climate change LokswasthyaBhawan, impacts. 165‐ Laxmisagar Square Bhubaneswar‐751006, Orissa Study Studying the inter‐linkages between Orissa Voluntary Health Addressed in air quality and climate change, and Association Lokswasthya Health/KP/10. implications on health. Bhawan, 165‐ Laxmisagar Square Bhubaneswar‐751006, Orissa Research Research and studies on climate Orissa Voluntary Health Addressed in change and health impacts. Association Lokswasthya Health/KP/8. Bhawan, Bhubaneswar‐ Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 175 Industry Sl. Issues Comments Respondents Remarks No 1. Industrial policy Various policies have been MoEF, Govt. of India Industrial development of a proposed to be integrated. state is guided by various Reasons for the same may policies and framework. be given Prominent of them are Industrial policy. MSME development policy, SEZ policy and PCPIR framework. The action plan aims at integrating climate concerns in each of those policies, so that the development follows a carbon efficient trajectory. The proposal is not to integrate all the policies 2. Use of ground Industries should be totally Prasanta Kumar Hota, IND/ KP/ 5 addresses and surface banned from using Executive Director protection and conservation water by underground water. Solidarity for Social of water resources. Complete industries Equality prohibition on use of water (Human Rights Centre) by industry is not feasible. AdarshaPada, Post: Apprehension on non RajendraCollge, implementation is well taken Balangir‐767002 and care shall be taken while Phone: 06652‐250242 framing the mechanism for compensatory water harvesting by industries. Supply of river water & Rabindra Prasad Pattnaik, ground water should be Advocate Er. completely banned for SasmitaBehera industrialization and President Convener industries should be (Citizens Action directed to use rain water Forum) Mahila Mancha or di‐salined water. Compensatory water Vasundhara, A‐70, Sahid harvesting system in the Nagar, Bhubaneswar industrial premises sounds good but in practice, it is quite difficult to adopt. Considering the space availability and pattern of rain in these areas, this is not going to solve the problem. Rather the industries should take initiative to build water harvest structures in the surrounding area of their work place. Similarly the industries should be 176 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issues Comments Respondents Remarks No stopped from exploring ground water resources as it is putting pressure on common people. 3. Fly ash There is a greater need to Bijoy Mishra This aspect is covered in the utilisation force use of fly ash bricks fly ash notification of Govt. of and for that unless and India. State level action is until soil bricks are not also initiated to achieve banned, heavily taxed and greater level of compliance. many more fly ash Action point IND/KP/8 industries are opened with addresses promotional issues a cheaper bricks are of fly ash utilisation. available, this problem of fly ash is not going to be solved 4. Heat Island Conducting Heat Island Bijoy Mishra Heat island studies are Study study for Talcher‐ Angul expensive and complex and Jharsuguda as decided studies. In the initial phase to add a few new areas studies are suggested in the under present area where extreme heat Industrilasation process, conditions prevail during like Kalinga Nagar area summer. Other areas can be under jajpur dist. and added subsequently as and Paradip area. when need arises. The heat island study Vasundhara, A‐70, Sahid should be extended to all Nagar, Bhubaneswar the industrial clusters located in the state apart from Angul‐ Talcher and Jharsuguda area. Industrial city like Kaling‐nagar, Paradeep, Joda‐Badbil, Rourkela, Kalunga, Kuarmunda and Bonei should be included to study such impact. 5. Char disposal in Unburned or half burn Bijoy Mishra Disposal of char is identified Sponge Iron Charcoal fines from sponge as one of the problem and Plant iron units needs to be used has serious climate concerns for Coal Briquettes as tests since they adversely alter the are been done in the field land use pattern. The action level by NGOs and will plan IND/KP/8 addresses the surely bring down burden promotional aspect of of char dumping in forest utilization of char for gainful areas and cause for huge use. loss of forest areas. 6. CCAP should focus GHG Prof. Artabandhu Mishra, Some aspects are addressed Green House reduction with quantified Sambalpur in IND/KP/2. Action shall be Gas Emission sources of emissions & taken as per the framework Reduction and sinks of National Mission on Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 177 Sl. Issues Comments Respondents Remarks No monitoring Non‐coal based energy Enhanced Energy Efficiency. production not spelt Various comments in this segment on monitoring and reduction of GHGs will be addressed through the proposed (Perform Achieve and Trade) PAT scheme of Beauro of Energy Efficiency and will be guided by India’s position in the UN negotiation platform. These emissions can be Dr.Manas Ranjan reduced by conserving Senapati energy, using it more efficiently or changing to cleaner and green energy sources. Green energy is defined as electricity or heat generated from renewable sources i.e. wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, landfill gas etc. Incorporating green building practices is becoming an increasingly common and cost‐effective way to reduce energy consumption. Assessment of Green house Vasundhara, A‐70, gas emission should be Sahid Nagar, extended to individual Bhubaneswar industries as in Orissa, there are a large number of industries located in different places. For e.g. there are no industrial clusters in district like Keonjhar. But the total numbers of industries are quite large. All industries should be directed to bring out the figure regarding their GHG emissions. They should be asked to reduced their GHG emission by adaptation of various update technology. 178 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issues Comments Respondents Remarks No Industries should be taxed Rabindra Prasad for Carbon Emission. Pattnaik, Advocate Er. Sasmita Behera President Convener Role of corporate for Prasanta Kumar Hota, reducing carbon and Executive Director compensating the damages Solidarity for Social of people’s health, Equality(Human Rights economy and the resource. Centre)Balangir‐767002 Proposed Carbon audit MoEF., Govt. of India procedure to track the carbon footprint of industrial system should b examined more closely in line with Government Policy. Such objectives should be linked to national objective of reduction of energy intensity (and not carbon footprint) per unit of output and not absolute level. Role of corporate for R. C. Dash reducing carbon and NIPIDIT & PAG, Phulbani compensating the damages of people’s health, economy and the resource. 7 CEPI and The observations, analysis Rabindra Prasad Pattnaik, The views are on issues of Policy for & recommendations made Advocate Er. Sasmita local pollution and carrying industrialisation in “Comprehensive Behera capacity of a region. An Environmental Assessment President Convener industrial cluster with of Industrial Clusters”, (Citizens Action capacity more than its prepared by the statuary Forum) Mahila Mancha environmental carrying body CPCB along with IIT capacity may make the Delhi have been region more vulnerable to completely ignored in the climate change. Restricting said “Draft”. industrialisation up to the point of carrying capacity is being carried out by SPCB separately by conducting REMP. The outcome of the studies can be used for policy making process for industrial development of the state. Including them in CCAP may not serve any further purpose. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 179 Sl. Issues Comments Respondents Remarks No No further industries Dr.Bhagaban Prakash should be allowed in over Orissa Nagarika Samaj saturated polluted areas. Carrying capacity of all the developing areas must assessed and finalized through open and transparent public consultations before allowing any new industry to come up in the concerned cluster. No further Power Plants, Rabindra Prasad Pattnaik, Industrialization and Advocate Er. expansion of existing units SasmitaBehera should be allowed in Angul‐ President Convener Dhenkanal region. (Citizens Action Forum) Mahila Mancha No new industries & mines Prasanna Kumar Behera should be allowed in the Honorary Secretary areas like critically Nature Environment & polluted, ecological Wildlife Society (NEWS) sensitive, and wildlife L‐11/47, Tamrit Colony (elephant) corridor & Angul‐759122, Odisha habitat & water catchments The plan document is not Prasanta Kumar Hota, having policy on what Executive Director condition to Solidarity invite for Social industries and Equality the management of industrial (Human Rights Centre) waste : Rajendra College, Balangir‐767002 8. Plantation Every industry has to plant Utkal Biswal Included in the tree, the Land provided by comprehensive action plan Orissa Government. That (IND/CAP/37) and can be will also maintain by them taken up next in the priority. .Type of trees that will select & provide by Govt. of Orissa 9. Encouragement No Planning to discourage R. C. Dash Not relevant to climate of local the multinational to come NIPIDIT & PAG, Phulbani change. Industrialist for mining and industries. 180 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issues Comments Respondents Remarks No 10 IndustrializationLarge scale deforestation of Dr. N.K. Samant F.R.C.S Induced in comprehensive in AngulTalcher Sal Jungle by the Industries (London) President Angul action plan(IND/CAP/37). in Angul and Talcher area Nagarika Mancha, Angul Industrialization and knowing fully well that afforestation will be guided aforestation of Sal Jungle is by the objectives and not scientifically possible. framework of National Green In flow of various Thermal India Mission. Power Plant and Captive Power Plant in various Industries working in Angul and Talcher area are only responsible for rising heat in the area. JSPL who mostly install it industry devastating vast Sal Jungle measuring 500 hector may be asked for reforestation of sick Sal forest within the Talcher and Angul area. 11 Industrial Absence of Industrial Dr. N.K. Samant Bulk of the transportation of corridor corridor for plying heavy F.R.C.S.(London), industrial goods in our state vehicles for industries. Care President Angul Nagarika is confined to transportation is not also taken to avoid Mancha, Angul of minerals and metals. It is air pollution in open cast thus included in action plan coil mines for which the for mining sector. general publics are surviving in unsustainable environment. 12 Hydro Power Lack of promotion for Dr. N.K. Samant Potential for hydro power Project hydro power project as F.R.C.S.(London), projects not only depend natural source of water is President Angul Nagarika upon water availability, plentily available in Angul Mancha, Angul available head is also an and Talcher due to important aspect. locational advantage by the Development of hydro power side of the river Mahanadi however has a large bearing and Bramhani on climate change. It is thus included in water sector action plan. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 181 Sl. Issues Comments Respondents Remarks No 13 Disposal of Lack of disposal of Dr. N.K. Samant, Views are not clear. Industrial waste industrial waste and F.R.C.S.(London), However, if it means lack of garbage. President AngulNagarika facilities for disposal of Mancha, Angul industrial waste, the present policy is to restrict infrastructural capacity, so that there is a greater pressure for utilization of waste. This, along with the promotional action suggested in action plan IND/KP/8 will lead to enhanced waste utilization. 14 Waste Water All most all industries are Prasanna Kumar Behera Pollution of river and stream disposing the industrial Honorary Secretary is a local pollution issue, but waste water in to the river Nature Environment & it enhances climate and streams which pollutes Wildlife Society (NEWS) vulnerability by making the the fresh water and creates L‐11/47, Tamrit Colony clean water availability artificial scarcity of fresh Angul‐759122, Odisha scarce. The prevailing law water. Strong penalty Phone: ‐ 06764‐236832, (Water prevention and should be imposed on 236532 Control of Pollution Act. these types of industries. 1974) has adequate provisions to regulate water pollution of rivers and streams by imposing stipulations and penalty. Thus, inclusion in CCAP is not felt necessary. 15 Ban of Old Restriction & proper Prasanna Kumar Behera This is an important aspect. Machineries monitoring the use of old Angul‐759122, Odisha Old machineries are less machineries by industries & efficient. The PAT scheme mines under National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency provides a mechanism to address this issue. It is a market based mechanism to achieve higher energy efficiency. A state level action in this regard may be redundant. 16 Water Reservoir Water reservoir and Prasanna Kumar Behera This issue is addressed in and Plantation plantations should be done IND/KP/5 and has been in every village adjoining to adequately described in 4.7.6 the industry / mines by industries / mines as a part of CSR activity 182 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issues Comments Respondents Remarks No 17 Fund to Definite allocation of fund BiswanathHota, Retired Section 4.7.9 and action promote has to be made to promote Deputy Conservator of point IND/KP/8 addresses the recycling industries based on Forest, Bhawanipatna. issue of promoting reuse and recycled materials like recycling of various industrial paper, paper products, waste. Funding for scrapes and electronic promotion can be considered goods etc. to reduce CO2 at the policy level. emission. 18 Emission Target Setting emission targets for MoEF,Govt of India The emission targets will be National Power Plant may aligned to the national be reviewed. This must be objective and guided by linked with National Energy National Mission for Efficiency Mission with Enhanced Energy Efficiency. specific reference to Para 4.7.10 clarifies its Performance, Achieve and alliance with the national Trade (PAT). Advice of BEE policy. However, in the face should be sought. of a national target a state level target becomes redundant. Thus this action point may be dropped from the action plan. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 183 Mining Sl. Issue Comments Respondents Remark No. 1 Mineral Policy State Mineral Policy needs MoEF Govt of India Incorporated in Para related Issues to be interfaced with Green 4.8.2 India Mission and environmental Regulations under the Environment Protection Act. In Mining front lot of Prasanta Kumar Hota, conflict is occurring as yet Executive Director the PRI is not given Solidarity for Social Equality authority to decide on the (Human Rights Centre) issues. And as in Mining the AdarshaPada, Post: Rajendra peripheral communities Collge, will be directly affected Balangir‐767002 immediately, hence the Phone: 06652‐250242 decision to set mines is totally to be left to community, so that they can also prepare themselves to cope with the Changing climate/ environments. Priority of involvement of PRI on mining issues is totally neglected. 2 Management of Mines should be totally Prasanta Kumar Hota, The water issues around Underground banned from using E D Solidarity for Social mines are extremely and surface underground water Equality important. MIN/ KP/ 5 Water addresses issues related to protection and Mining activities results in Vasundhara, A‐70, conservation of water premature death of Sahid Nagar, Bhubaneswar resources. It will be perennial springs thus made mandatory for leading to pollution of mines encountering water bodies and water ground water table, to scarcity. Till date, a number use abandoned pits as of perennial springs have aquifer recharging pits. been affected in mine However, complete infested area of Joda prohibition may not be ,Badbil, Koida and Banspal. feasible. The draft action plan lacks An exercise to map the any concrete measures to origin of rivers and address the problem. streams in the state shall Rather the government be taken up to identify should make measures to the risk. Since this is an debar mining activities at extremely important origin place of perennial aspect, will be added as springs. a new action points. The aspects of plantation 184 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Green fencing / belt should Dr.Bhagabanprakash is taken care of under be done before Orissa NagarikaSamaj the existing regulations, undertaking mining thus need no special activities. emphasis. Water reservoir and Prasanna Kumar Behera plantations should be done Honorary Secretary in every village adjoining to Nature Environment & the industry / mines by Wildlife Society (NEWS)L‐ industries / mines as a part 11/47, Angul‐759122, of CSR activity 3 OB management Over Burden Dumps (OB Rabindra Prasad Pattnaik, This is an important and mining area Dumps) at mining area Advocate Er. SasmitaBehera aspect and is covered in restoration should be properly President Convener priority list managed with adequate (Citizens Action (CAP/MIN/40) aforestation& distributed it Forum) Mahila Mancha to land less/affected people. The coal mines both open Dr. N.K. Samant, cast and underground F.R.C.S.(London), President mines are to be directed to Angul Nagarika fill up underground vacant Mancha, Angul space by sand and open cast mines are to be directed to fill up by sand and ash which would be cost effective measure for government. Reclamations old mines & Prasanna Kumar Behera the overburden soil should Honorary Secretary be shifted to abandon mine Nature Environment & for filling up the pit. Wildlife Society (NEWS) 4 Strengthening There is a direct need of Vasundhara, A‐70, The state govt. is already environmental strong monitoring Sahid Nagar, Bhubaneswar taking several steps to monitoring mechanism to check the strengthen the irregularities in the mining monitoring mechanism. like mining in forest land, This aspect is also beyond the lease covered in MIN/KP/4. boundary. Advanced mechanism like use of RS to monitor the forest land, should be adopted to make it more scientific and efficient. 5 Sprinkling Coal mines should sprinkle Dr. N.K. Samant, This is more of air water round the clock in F.R.C.S.(London), President pollution problem than the affected area. AngulNagarika climate change issue. Mancha, Angul Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 185 Transport Sl. Issue Comments / Suggestions Name of Agency Remarks No. 1 Reduced Tree In Transportation, During implementation, Cover in urban provision is to be made for this needs to be areas avenue plantation as a considered under primary prerequisite in all sequestering carbon road construction works. through avenue Estimate of all roads should plantations. (KP8) be done with special provisioning of avenue plantation and made mandatory to be implemented by the concern contractors/ agencies That should also protect the plantation for at least initial three to five years. 2. Alternate Developing inland Bijoy Mishra During implementation, transport waterways 4.9.11‐ Records this needs to be reflected system like are already there of the in the revised State inland losses incurred due to oil Transport policies (KP1) waterways leak in Paradip and and also in the action Gopalpur coast, even plans for developing though it is in marine inland waterways (KP10). ecosystem, but what will happen if it is in fresh water as we critically depends on for all our sustenance. Hope this factor will be addressed while taking a decision on inland water transport. 3. Alternate fuels Dev of Bio fuel‐ It may be Good observation. The like bio‐fuel the concept of 21st following should be century, but whether considered in KP4: Jatropa or any other, Jatropha plantations will where the land is and who be on wastelands. has studied its effect and when there is food insecurity and dependency on other countries for pulses, cereals and many other items, can we afford to have such a initiatives. 4. Incentive and 4.9.3.‐ Increase in urban Bijoy Mishra During implementation, penalties for Transport system‐ To see this needs to be reflected modal shift that these systems survive, in the integration of extra taxes needs to be urban and transport levied on those who uses planning (KP2). private vehicles to schools, 186 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issue Comments / Suggestions Name of Agency Remarks No. colleges and all such places, so that a huge amount of fossil fuel can be saved from burning and in turn will help in slowing down the process of climate change. 5. River‐linking No river joining, ports on Bijoy Mishra During implementation, river mouths are to be this needs to be reflected permitted as these will in the revised State badly affect the Coastal Transport policies (KP1) Ecosystem and finally we and also in the action may loose a natural barrier, plans for developing which can be of a great inland waterways (KP10). help in wake of Sea born natural disaster and Tsunami in coming days. 6. Low Carbon Promoting environment NIPDIT This is a part of KP5. Transport friendly roads construction During implementation, Infrastructure materials and methods. this needs to be reflected in the piloting of low carbon, green highways. (KP5) 7. Plantations Mandating minimum NIPDIT This is a part of KP5. damage to the existing tree During implementation, stock, adopting tree this needs to be reflected translocation technology in the piloting of low for successful uprooting & carbon, green highways. relocationing of trees to be (KP5) removed, and selecting suitable species for plantation that would be beneficial for biodiversity also. 8. Run off Mandating adequate water NIPDIT Water percolation along management percolation measures in all the roads tend to roads damage. In any case, precipitation on the roads is led to the storm water drains, which either recharge groundwater or join surface waters. 9. Public Transport Strengthening of public NIPDIT During implementation, transport system this needs to be reflected in the integration of urban and transport planning (KP2). Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 187 Sl. Issue Comments / Suggestions Name of Agency Remarks No. 10. Public transport system During implementation, should be made more this needs to be reflected energy efficient and in the integration of converted to CNG/Solar urban and transport mode planning (KP2). 11. Regulation of old vehicles During implementation, (more than 15 years) and this needs to be reflected phasing out redundant in the work done under ones. encouraging fuel use efficiency and tightening enforcement (KP6). 12 Congestions The present road condition Dr N K Samant This needs to be is not sufficient to considered in the accommodate the plying of integration of urban heavy vehicles in absence planning with transport of an industrial corrider like planning (KP2) SukindaParadip express way. 13 Transport Public transport system Nature, Environment & This needs to be Planning and should be introduced by Wildlife Society (NEWS) considered in the Implementation joining small towns/suburb integration of urban Issues area f 10 km of district. planning with transport planning (KP2) 14 All laws relating to MV Act NEWS This would be taken care should be properly under tightening implemented. enforcement (KP6) 15 Restriction on use of old NEWS It has been considered vehicles. under KP6 16. Provision of cycle path and NEWS To be considered during stand in municipality and integration of urban NAC areas. planning with transport planning (KP2) 17 Provision of truck terminal NEWS To be considered during integration of urban planning with transport planning (KP2) 18. Carbon emission from bio‐ Orissa Voluntary Health To be considered under fuel burning. Association carbon emission estimation from transport sector CAP18 188 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Urban Sl. Issue Suggestions/ Comments Agency Remarks No. 1 Habitat and To be included in mitigative MoEF, GoI The text under urban to be waste measures under Para 3.2.2 deleted from para 3.2.3 and management included under para 3.2.2 with addition of the following:‐ “The increased urbanisation and developmental activities have resulted in considerable increase in the quantum of solid waste generation, placing enormous strain on natural resources and undermining efficient and sustainable development. Therefore, there is a need to raise awareness on the use of appropriate technologies for the efficient management of solid waste”. Please remove the sentence pertaining to flash floods as it is about adaptation. 2 Building Roof top rain water Orissa Nagarik Samaj, The following text to be added regulations harvesting structures to be NIDPT & Phulbani to para 4.10.10 on page 53. made mandatory for all Action Group, Civil “The provision of rain water apartments and big houses. Societies harvesting in all the houses as Per colony garden‐cum‐ per clause 44 and provision of plantation are to be made plantation as per clause 28 of mandatory. Part IV of planning and Building Standard Regulations, 2008 of Bhubaneswar development Authority is to be strictly enforced. The same provisions are also to be included in all other building regulations which are under process.” 3 Green building Promoting and Orissa Nagarik Samaj, To be included as an additional mainstreaming green NIDPT & Phulbani activity under para 4.10.11 on building concept. Action Group. page 53. The state specific ECBC Code will be adopted along with suitable revisions of OPWD Act by the Works Dept. A model plan of energy efficiency in building in conformity with the ECBC Code will be developed and piloted in one city as Green Building. A technical organisation or consultant will be engaged by Bhubaneswar Development Authority to Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 189 Sl. Issue Suggestions/ Comments Agency Remarks No. study existing building regulations and bring out an energy efficient design of buildings in conformity with the State ECBC Code. This will be piloted in Bhubaneswar by constructing one such complex which will be replicated subsequently in other parts of the state.” 4 Municipal Solid Provision for proper bio‐ Civil Societies The following text to be Waste medical waste included in para 4.10.5 on Management management‐ banning of pages 52‐53. waste of polythene “Proper management of bio‐ medical waste and the provision of ban on use of polythene will be duly considered for developing an ideal climate‐friendly MSW management plan. 190 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Water Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received 1 Ground Water‐ In Water front, Industries Solidarity for Social Covered under industry sector. Developing and Mines should be totally Equality (Human Covered under water/KP/5 surface water banned from using Rights Centre) Under this investment bodies near underground water. Balangir&Subarnap initiative, particular areas will mines and They should be given the ur districts be identified, existing water industries opportunity to fulfil their bodies will be protected, new water need by developing water harvesting structures, 2 Ban on using Surface Water bodies near e.g., check dams for retention of ground their mines/ industries. The of runoff water, are being water by Agency should invest in planned and implemented and the industries developing their sources of ground water recharge options Water requirements because will also be implemented the underground Water is the "Aqua‐guard water" of rural India (70% of total population of India) and also the same is depleting very fast. 3 No groundwater Water Mission talks about Bijoy Mishra Policy matter related to use by the pricing/which will be good if it groundwater regulations industries for Commercial use, but addressed in the state water certainly not for Domestic or policy and the frame work of Agricultural Use as it will GW regulation is in advance directly affect the common stage of consideration by the man, who holds the dubious Government distinction of being the Poorest of all in the nation. A new phase of Water Conflict will come to existence. On a specific note water use by industries in Western Orissa which are traditionally drier districts need to be brought under regulation and a Simple 'No' to Ground water use is the need of the hour. 4 Regulation for Policy formulation for no R.C. Dash, NIPDIT The frame work fdr'* groundwater ground water usage for & PAG, Phulbani • GW Regulations is in advance use industrial purposes Solidarity for stage . of consideration by Social Equality Govt. (Human Rights Centre) Bolangir&Subamap ur districts 5 Groundwater Absence of taking measure for President Covered in urban industry and Recharge ground water recharge AngulNagarika water Sector water/KP/5 Mancha, Angul Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 191 Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received 6 Ground water recharge and Nature Covered under industry, urban other techniques should be Environment and sector and water sector. implemented especially in Wildlife Society, Water/ KP/5 fluoride affected areas to Angul reduce fluoride contamination 7 Monitoring. Use of pheizometer for Nature System already in existence. of groundwater monitoring of around water Environment and Covered under water sector level level in time & report should be Wildlife Society, water/KP/1 disclosed before public. Angul 8 Protection from Effective strategies to OdishaNagarikaSa Frame work of GW Regulation over protect groundwater from maj, Bhubaneswar is in advanced stage exploitation of over‐exploitation should be of consideration by ground water implemented on urgency the Government basis 9 Rise in Depletion of ground water due President Covered under water sector ‐ temperature to mismanagement of existing AngulNagarika Water/KP/5 due to water bodies which really Mancha, Angul depletion of avert the rise in groundwater temperature in the area. table 10 Ground It has to take into account Focus Orissa Frame work of GW Regulation water related groundwater related issues Forum Change, is in advanced stage issue Food Rights of consideration by 11 It has to take into account the Collective, this government. issue of groundwater use by Orissa industries very seriously Environmental Society, Odisha Water Forum 12. Rain water Rain water harvesting R.C. Dash, NIPDIT Covered under Urban sector harvesting structures must be introduced & and made mandatory in all the big buildings in rural and urban areas. PAG, Phulbani, OdishaNagarikaSa maj, Bhubaneswar and Solidarity for Social Equality (Human Rights Centre) Balangir&Subarnap ur districts 13. Thirty years later one third Dr.ManasRanjanSe Covered under urban sector population will suffer from napati, chronic water shortage. Waste Bhubaneswar water from kitchen sink, wash basin, bathroom etc can be collected and used for flushing, cleaning, gardening etc. Every 192 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received day one person uses 15‐20 litres of fresh water for flushing. If rain water from only 2% area of country is captured, it is equivalent to 117 litres/ person. Roof too rain water harvesting is very much required. Such practices can be employed in urban areas by academic institutions, entrepreneurs, malls, business houses, commercial establishments, apartments, private and government buildings. 15 Working towards greater Vasundhara, Covered under urban and water‐efficiency: provisions of Bhubaneswar industry sector mandatory implementation of rain water harvesting in all the houses, installation of water meters in domestic and industrial houses, ban of further dig of deep bore well, should be included in the draft action plan report. 16 Compulsory rain water Nature Already covered‐ under urban harvesting system for every Environment and sector new building (private, Wildlife Society, individual and Govt.) Angul 17 Water Use Working towards greater Vasundhara, Covered under Urban and efficiency water‐efficiency: provisions of Bhubaneswar Industry sectors mandatory implementation of rain water harvesting in all the houses, installation of water meters in domestic and industrial houses , ban of further dig of deep bore well, should be included in the draft action plan report 18 Ban on use of Supply of river water and Zilla Mahila Manch, Orissa State Water Policy water for ground water should be Angul and prioritises water use. Industries industrialization completely banned for Solidarity for Social located in the coast are industrialization and industries Equality (Human encouraged for desalinization should be directed to use rain Rights Centre) 19 Use of water or desalinated water. Balangir & desalinated Subarnapur water districts Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 193 Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received 20 Saline Under water resources Saline Bijoy Mishra Covered under ‐ State Water Ingression Ingression is there and will be and Solidarity for Policy. more as the period of rainy Social Equality Covered under‐ water/KP/1 days will reduced keeping the (Human Rights Frame work of GW Regulation annual rain nearly same as Centre) Balangir & is earlier, which will cause flood, Subarnapur in advanced stage of cyclone more in coming days, districts consideration by this need to be addressed with government proper planning for the issue 21 It has to take into consideration Focus Orissa Forum Industries located in the coast issues of saline water Change, Food line are encouraged for ingression Rights Change, desalination Food Rights Collective, Orissa Environmental Society, Odisha Water Forum 22 Ban on deep Complete ban on permission of President Frame work of GW Regulation bore well digging deep well which is the AngulNagarika is in advanced stage of main cause of ground water Mancha, Angul consideration by the level depletion. Government 23 Management The state will be challenged in Solidarity for Social Covered under water/KP/5,7,9 of Water many fronts on the issue of Equality (Human Resources water resources as more coal Rights Centre) based industries, mining in Balangir&Subarnap forest areas and industries in ur districts drier areas are coming in a big way 24 Management of Use of water meter should be OdishaNagarikaSa Systems already exist under the Water made mandatory and flow of maj provisions of Water (PCP) Cess Resources wastewater in are to be strictly Act prevented 25 Water ponds with integrated OdishaNagarikaSa Schemes are in place fish farming, duck rearing, maj poultry culture, bee keeping etc. should be promoted 26 There is hardly any money Solidarity for Social Covered under WR/KP 5 allocated for developing small Equality (Human and micro level irrigation Rights Centre) facilities. There is no allocation Balangir&Subarnap for increasing the supply of ur districts electricity to farmers. On the other hand the government has planned for enhancing the fees for irrigation 194 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received 27 It has to factor in potential of Focus Orissa Forum very high intensity water Change, Food related disasters Rights Collective, Orissa Environmental Society, Odisha Water Forum Rivers must be allowed to have Focus Orissa Forum Covered under WR/KP 7. natural flow. The idea of river Change, Food Under this initiative, a research water drainage into the sea as Rights study will be done in different a 'waste' has to be aborted. Collective, Orissa river basins to determine the Minimum interference in river Environmental environmental flow that will be flow has to be assured. Society, Odisha required to sustain the health Water Forum and the aquatic ecosystems. Based on the outcomes of this 28 research study, thrust actions will be identified, planned and implemented. 29 Construction of Integrated water R.C. Dash, NIPDIT & Covered under water/KP/9. dam resources management. No PAG, Phulbani and Under this, integrated water more big dams. Solidarity for Social resources management leads Equality (Human to conserving water, Rights Centre) minimizing waste and ensuring Balangir & equitable distribution across Subamapur various applications. This is districts already being practiced within the state. Further capacity building will be done to make integrated water resources management practices operational across the different river basins in Orissa 30. Flood control Treatment of water at source Odisha Nagarika Covered under water/KP/2 and to arrest floods Samaj and control made by storage dam Solidarity for Social Under this research initiative, a Equality (Human prototype information system Rights Centre) will be developed, Balangir & demonstrated and validated for Subamapur effective near‐real time flood districts forecasting, warning and management Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 195 Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received 31. Agriculture Low water requiring crops R.C. DASH NIPDIT Covered under water use should be and PAG Phulbani • efficiency‐Water/KP/4 Covered promoted Solidarity for Social under Agriculture sector Under Equality (Human this capacity building initiative, Rights Centre) sectoral use of water will be Balangir & identified, wastage will be Subamapur monitored, technologies / districts approaches to reduce wastage will be explored and implemented. 32. Pesticide use during rains OdishaNagarikaSa Covered under should be banned maj Agricultural sector Focused how to reduce water Solidarity for Covered under industry sector 33. use in agriculture but not Social Equality mentioned about the (Human Rights irresponsible / irrational use of Centre) water by industry. The Balangir&Subarnap water quality is damaged ur districts through industrial waste / industrial effluents this plan is not supporting poor farmers rather industries. 34. Conservation of Traditional water bodies OdishaNagarikaSa Covered under urban water bodies should be freed from maj, R.C. Dash sector, rural development encroachment as well as NIPDIT and dept. and panchayat Raj measures should be PAG Phulbani and scheme undertaken for protection Solidarity for and rejuvenation these Social Equality structures with community (Human Rights participation Centre) Balangir&Subarnap ur districts 35. Conservationof Conservation of small and R.C. Dash Covered under Urban sector wetland medium local wetlands NIPDIT and (common property) in urban PAG Phulbani and rural areas Solidarity for Social Equality (Human Rights Centre) Balangir & Subarnapur districts 36. Conservation Mandatory conservation Odisha Nagarika Frame work of GW Regulation of Water and protection of critical Samaj is in advanced stage Resources water bodies (surface / of consideration by underground), which if this government disturbed beyond their threshold limit, can adversely affect hydrological balances in large areas causing salt 196 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received water intrusion, depletion of groundwater level, etc. Conservation Mo Pokhari scheme has to Odisha Nagarika Covered under urban, rural 37. of water be implemented effectively Samaj Dev, Panchayat RAJ Dept. resource 38. Conservation Conservations of small and Odisha Nagarika Schemes are in place covered of wetland medium local wetlands Samaj (common property) in urban and rural areas 39. Integrated water Covered under Integrated resources management. No water resource management more big dams. water/KP ‐9 40. Water use Policy for water R.C. Dash NIPDIT Covered under IWRM policy management for domestic, and PAG water/KP/9 Under this agriculture and industries Phulbani integrated water resources management leads to conserving water, minimizing waste and ensuring equitable distribution across various applications. This is already being practiced within the state. Further capacity building will be done to make operational integrated water resources management practices across the different river basins in Orissa 41. Compensatory Implementing a system Vasundhara Covered under industry sector. water of compensatory water Covered under water/KP/5 , harvesting harvesting ‐compensatory Under this investment water harvesting system in the initiative, particular areas industrial premises sounds will be identified, existing good but in practice, it is quite water bodies will be protected, difficult to adopt considering new water harvesting the space availability and structures, e.g., check dams for pattern of rain in these areas, retention of runoff water, are this is not going to solve the .being planned and problem. Rather the industries implemented and ground should take initiative to build water recharge options will water harvest structures in the also be implemented surrounding area of their work place. Similarly the industries should be stopped from exploring ground water resources as it is putting pressure on common people. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 197 Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received 42. Protection of Protecting water bodies: Covered under MIN/KP/5 Perennial Spring mining activities results in which addresses protection premature death of perennial and conservation of water springs thus leading to resources. pollution of water bodies and water scarcity.. Till date, a number of perennial springs have been affected in mine infested area of Joda, Badbil, Koida and Banspal. The draft action plan lacks any concrete measures to address the problem. Rather the government should make measures to debar mining activities at origin place of perennial springs. 43. Joining of river Conservation of flood water President, Angul can only be made by a canal Nagarika Mancha, conjoining both Mahanadi Angul and Brahmani through Lingara which is a cost effective measure and in land water transport will also be possible. 44. Water audit Water auditing & water Vrutti Livelihood Covered under water/KP/4 budgeting system to create Resource Centre, Under this capacity building a consciousness towards Bhubaneswar initiative, sectoral use of water will be identified, wastage will be monitored, technologies/ approaches to reduce wastage will be explored and implemented. 45 Coastal Efficient water use. Covered under Coastal sector Need for exclusive focus on 46 coastal embankments & saline Freshwater interface along the coastal line 47 Contamination location of all major rivers Bijoy Mishra Covered under water/KP/7'' of Water catchment area, stream Under this initiative, a research Resource position, blockage if any, point study will be done in different of contamination and all such river basins to determine the details can give a scientific environmental flow that will be truth in the administration required to sustain the health hand to assign different and the aquatic ecosystems. developmental activities Based on the outcomes of this and failing which severe research study, the thrust action under newly made actions will be identified, Green Court for speedy planned and implemented decision and terms like 198 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received cancellation of MOU, Lease need to be added up. 48. Fluoride in Due to fluoride pollution byPresident Specific Issue not related to water Citizen's Nalco in air, water and soil, Action Climate Change Action Plan Forum piped drinking water should be supplied to all the people. &ZillaMahila Mancha, Angul and Solidarity for Social Equality (Human Rights Centre) Balangir&Subarnap ur districts 49. River flow and Maintain of natural stream Vasundhara, Covered under environmental quality that has been blocked, Bhubaneswar flow ‐ WR‐7 Under this removal of blockage of all type initiative, a research study will of water flow, checking of be done in different river pollution of water bodies by basins to determine the disposal of domestic sewage, environmental flow that will be industrial effluents, has been required to sustain the health omitted from the draft action and the aquatic ecosystems. plan Based on the outcomes of this research study, the thrust actions will be identified, planned and implemented. 50. Water Quality Mandating water quality Odisha Nagarika Covered under respective management for all ULBs, PRIs; Samaj, sectors. industries / mines and other Bhubaneswar water user institutions / agencies It accepts that climate change Solidarity for Covered under WR/KP 5 52. is going to cause erratic Social Equality monsoons and increased (Human Rights incidence of droughts and Centre) Balangir reduce agricultural & Subarnapur production. However, it districts proposes not increasing irrigation coverage but increase in water tariff collected from farmers. 53. Pollution of water must be Odisha Nagarika Systems are in place treated as a serious offence Samaj, and deterrent measures have Bhubaneswar to be kept for offenders Water Policy The water plan and state water Odisha Nagarika 54. policy have to be revisited and Samaj, clear action points be charted Bhubaneswar therein. Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 199 Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received Alternate source Promoting low cost and eco Various programmes of state 55. ‐ of drinking friendly technologies Govt, are under water mitigation of arsenic, implementation fluoride and other such water quality problems along with mandatory mechanisms to providing adequate (quality and quantity) alternative drinking water supply for the affected areas. 56. Drinking water It has to take into account OdishaNagarikaSa Covered under health sector drinking and sanitation issues maj, Bhubaneswar at all 57. Protection Protect water source Anjan Kumar Covered under Water/KP/5 of water and preserve potable water. Sahu, Centre for Under this investment resources ‐ Science 8, initiative, particular areas Preservation of Environment will be identified, existing portable water Jawaharlal Nehru water bodies will be University protected, new water UmeshPurohit ‐ harvesting structures, Youth Service e.g., j check dams for retention Centre of runoff water, are being planned and implemented and ground water recharge options will also be implemented 58. Promotion Lack of promotion for hydro President Strategic plan to address the for hydropower power project as natural source AngulNagarika issue are already covered of water is available in plenty in Mancha, Angul Angul and Talcher due to location advantage by the side of the river Mahanadi and Brahmani. 59. Wastewater Absence of recycling of waste Covered under industry sector recycling water of various industries 60. Water In land water transportation Covered under transport sector transportation should be encouraged both in river Mahanadi and Brahmani. 61. Creation of Creation of water reserve, farm Nature Covered under Water/KP/5 water reserves ponds and plantations should Environment and Schemes are under be compulsory items in Wildlife Society, implementation NREGS implemented by AngulUmeshPurohi different departments and t ‐ Youth Service gram panchayats Centre 200 I Orissa Climate Change Action Plan Sl. Issues Suggestion/ Comments Agency Remarks No. received 62. Misuse of water Over use and misuse of Covered under industry sector water by industries should be restricted and it should be mechanically monitored by using water measuring devices and by jointly by district environmental society / pollution control board / water commission etc. 63. Safe Water management strategy Orissa Voluntary Schemes under drinking water should also incorporate Health Association, implementation. strategy to mitigate vector Bhubaneswar borne/water borne diseases. Safe drinking water should be ensured for all particularly on a priority basis for the under‐ privileged people. 64. Monitoring Citizens monitoring and social Odisha Nagarika System are in place not related of audit of all kinds of water Samaj to climate change developmental development works done by work public authorities so as to ensure that the structure has been made strictly as per the hydrological recommendations 65. Inter‐sectoral Inter‐sectoral coordination Odisha Nagarika Coordination to be improved Samaj Orissa Climate Change Action Plan I 201