Law No. 2006 ratifying the Agreement on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on the special equipment to be used for such carriage (ATP), done at Geneva on 1 September 1970

"117 E(J)HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI THI EMHNIKHI LlHMOKPATIAI A8HNA 4 Cl>EBPOYAPIOY 1992 TEYXOI nPQTO APl0MOI Cl>Y MOY 11 NOMm: Yff APl0. 2006 Kvew<J1J Evew:nalx~; Xvµ,pwvia; yta Tt; {m:0vei; µew,poei; ev:na 0wv T(!O<piµwv Xat )'ta TOV eu5tXO e~O;tAtaµo 1tOV 0a Xf!TJUtµo:notei­ Tat yt' avTi; Tt; µew,poee; (ATP) :nov v:noyea,p71xe UTTJ I'evevri TTJV 171 Xe:nTeµPeiov 1970. 0 nPOEdPOI THI EMHNIKHI dHMOKPATIAI ExoioouµE ,:ov otXOAou6o Noµo 1t0U ~~(j)LOE T} BouA~: 'Ap8po npci)TO 1. Kup<i>V£TQI KOi txet TT'IV. loXU nou opil;£t TO 6p9po 28 nap. 1 TOU IUVTayµ<lTO<; 11 (µi T1'I q,povrioo TWV Hv(l)!Jtvwv E9vci>v) Eupwna'iKfl Iuµipwvia, nou unoypaq,flK£ OTf'l rcv£1J11 TT'IV 111 Icm&µppiou 1970 ·yta nc: &c9vcic: µ£Taq,optc: cuna9ci>v Tpocpiµwv KOi yta TOV £100<6 £~nA1oµ6 nou 9a XPllOtµOTIOO:iTat yt'auTtc: nc: µ£TOq>optc: (ATP)" KOi nou anottAEiTat an6 TOO<: T6µouc:: I (Iuµq,wvia Kat napapTT'lµa 2) KOl II (napapTT'lµa 1 KOl 3). 2. To Kciµcvo TT'I<: Iuµq,wviac: nou avaq>tP£TCll OTl'JV npo11yo(,µ£Vf'l napaypaq,o oc npwT.:,nmo OTl'JV ayyAoo'\ yAci>ooa KCll 0£ µ£T6q>pa0fl OTl'JV £M11VIKT\, txc1 00<: £~1'\c:: AGREEMENT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS AND ON THE SPECIAL EQUIPMENT TO BE USED FOR SUCH CARRIAGE (ATP) done at Geneva on 1 September 1970 UNITED NATIONS AGREEMENT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS AND ON THE SPECIAL EQUIPMENT TO BE USED FOR SUCH CARRIAGE (ATP) THE CONTRACTING PARTIES, DESIROUS of improving the conditions of preservation of the quality· of perishable foodstuffs during their carria­ ge, particularly in international trade, CONSIDERING that the improvement of those conditions is likely to promote the expansion of trade in perishable foodstuffs, HAVE AGREED as follows: Chapter I . SPECIAL TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT Article 1 For the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs, equipment shall not be designated as "insulated·, ·refrigerated", ·mechanically refrigerated", or "heated· equipment unless it complies with the definitions and standards set forth in annex 1 to this Agreement. Article 2 The Contracting Parties shall take the measures necessary to ensure that the .equipment referred to in article 1 of this Agreement in inspeqted and tested for • compliance with the said standards is conformity with the provisions of annex 1, appendices 1, 2, 3 and 4, to this Agreement. Each Contracting Party shall recognize the validity of certificates of compliance issued in conformity with annex 1, appendix 1, paragraph 4 to this Agreement by the competent authority of another Contracting Party. Each Contracting Party may reco­ gnize the validity of certificates of compliance issued 118 ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEOI (TEYXOI nPOTO} in conformity with the requirements of annex 1, appendices 1 and 2, to this Agreement by the competent authority of a State not a Contracting Party. Chapter II USE OF SPECIAL TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF CERTAIN PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS Article 3 1. The provisions of article 4 of this Agreement shall apply to all carriage, whether for hire or reward or for own account, carried out exclusively -subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article- by rail, by road or by a combination of the two, of quick (deep)-frozen and frozen foodstuffs, and of foodstuffs referred to in annex 3 to this Agreement even if they are neither quick (deep)-frozen nor frozen. if the point at which the goods are, or the equipment containing them is, loaded on to a rail or rood vehicle and the point at which the goods are, or the equipment containing them is, unloaded from that vehicle are in two different States and the point at which the goods are unloaded is situated in the territory of a Contracting Party. In the case of carriage entailing one or more sea crossings other than sea crossings as referred to in paragraph 2 of this article, each land journey shall be considered separately .• 2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this article shall likewise apply to sea crossings of less than 150 km on condition that the goods are shipped in equipment used for the land journey or journeys without transloading of the goods and that such crossings precede or follow one or more land journeys as referred to in paragraph 1 of this article or take place between two such land journeys. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, the Contracting Parties need not apply the provisions of article 4 of this Agreement to the carriage of foodstaffs not intented for human consumption. Article 4 1. For the carriage of the perishable foodstuffs specified in annexes 2 and 3 to this Agreement, the equipment referred to in article 1 of this Agreement shall be used unless the temperatures to be anticipated throughout carriage render this requirement manifestly unnecessary for the purpose of maintaining the temperature conditions specified in annexes 2. and 3 to this Agreement. The equipment shall so selected and used that the temperature conditions prescribed in the said annexes can be complied with throughout carriage. Furthermore all appropriate measures shall be taken, more particularly as regards the temperature of the foodstuffs at the time of loading and as regards icing or re-icing during the journey or other necessary operations Nevertheless, the provisions of this paragraph shall apply only in so far as they are not incompatible with international undertakings in the matter of international carriage arising for the Contracting Parties by virtue of . conventions in force at the time of the entry into force .• of this Agreement or by virtue of conventions substituted for them. • 2. If during carriage under this Agreement the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article have not been complied with, (a) the foodstuffs may not be disposed of in the territory of a Contracting Party after completion of carriage unless the competent authorities of that Contracting Party deem it compatible with the requirements of public health to authorize such disposal and unless such conditions as the authorities may attach to the authorization when granting it are fulfilled; and (b) every Contracting Party may, by reason of the requirements of public health· or zooprophylaxis and in so far as it is not incompatible with the other international undertakings referred to in the last sentence of para­ graph 1 of this article, prohibit the entry of the foodstuffs into its territory or make their entry subject to such conditions as it may determine. 3. Compliance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article shall be required of carriers for hire or reward only in so far as they have undertaken to procure or provide services intended to ensure such compliance and if such compliance depends on the performance of those services. If other persons, whether individuals or corporate bodies, have undertaken to procure or provide services intended to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Agreement, they shall be required to ensure such compliance in so far as it depends on performance of the services they have undertaken to procure or provide. 4. During carriage which is subject to the provisions of this Agreement and for which· the loading point is situated in the territory of a Contracting Party, responsibility for compliance with the requirements of paragraph 1 of this article shall rest, subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this article, in the case of transport for hire or reward, with the person, whether an individual or a corporate body, who is the consignor according to. the transport document or, in the absence of a transport document, with the person, whether an individual or a corporate body, who has entered into the contract of carriage with the carrier; in other cases with the per~on, whether an individual or a corporate body, who performs carriage. Chapter Ill MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Article 5 The provIsIons of this Agreement shall not apply to carriage in containers by land without transloading of the goods where such carriage is preceded or followed by a sea crossing other than a sea crossing as referred to in article 3, paragraph 2, of this Agreement. Article 6 1. Each Contracting Party shall take all appropriate measures to ensure observance of the provisions of this Agreement. The competent administrations of the Contracting Parties shall keep one another inform~ of the general measures taken for this purpose. 2. If a Contracting Party discovers a breach committed by a person residing in the territory of another Contracting Party, or imposes a penalty upon such a ,E=-=Cl>~H...!!M=E!... Pl! !:r:.. T! !H..!."r~K..!...Y~B~EP~N~H!....!cr~E!=..!Q~r=--L!(T!..!,Ee....!Y~X~O~re...!n!...!!P!:..:Q~T~O~JL 119 person, the administration of the first Party shall inform the administration of the other Party of the breach discovered and of the penalty imposed. Article 7 The Contracting Parties reserve the right to enter into bdateral or multilateral agreements to the effect that provisions applicable to special equipment and provisions applicable to the temperatures at which certain foodstuffs are required to be maintained during carriage may, more particularly by reason of special climatic conditions, be more stringent than those prescribed in this Agreement. Such provisions shall apply only to 'international carriage between Contracting Parties which have concluded b~ateral or multilateral agreements as referred to in this article. Such agreements shall be transmitted to the Secretary­ General of the United Nations, who shall communicate them to Contracting Parties to this Agreement which are not signatories of the said agreements. Article 8 Failure tq observe the provisions of this Agreement shall not affect either the existence or the validity of contracts entered into for the performance of carriage. Chapter IV FINAL PROVISIONS Article 9 1. States members of the Economic Commission for . Europe and States admitted to the Commission in a consultative capacity under paragraph 8 of the Commission·s terms of reference may become Contracting Parties to this Agreement (a) by signing it; (b) by r~tifying it after signing it subject to ratification; or (c) by acceding to it. 2. States which may participate in certain activities of the Ecc::-:.-rnic Commission for Europe under paragraph 11 of the Commission's terms of reference may become Contracting Parties to this Agreement by acceding thereto after its entry into force. 3. This Agreement shall be open for signature until 31 May 1971 inclusive. Thereafter, it shall be open for accession. 4. Ratification or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Article 10 1. Any State may at the time of signing this Agreement without reservation as to ratification or of depositing its instrument of ratification or accession or at any time the~eafter declare by notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations that the Agreement does not apply to carriage performed in any or in a particular one of its territories situated outside Europe. If notificotion as aforesaid is made after the entry into the force of the Agreement in resrect of the notifying State the Agreement shall, ninety days after the date on which the Secretary-General has received the notification, cease to apply to carriage in the territory or territories named in that notification. 2. Any State which has made a declaration under paragraph 1 of the article may at any time thereafter declare by notification addressed to the Secretary­ General of the United Nations that the Agreement will be applicable to carriage performed in a territory named in the notification made under paragraph 1 of this article and the Agreement shall become applicable to carriage in that territory one hundred and eighty days after the date on which the Secretary-General has received that notification. Article 11 1. This Agreement shall come into force one year after five of the States referred to in its article 9, paragraph 1, have signed it without reservation as to ratification or have deposited their instruments of ratification or accession. 2. With respect to any State which ratifies, or accedes to, this Agreement after five States have signed it without reservation as to ratification or have deposited their instruments of ratification or accession, this Agreement shall enter into force one year after the said State has deposited its instrument of ratification or accession. Article 12 1. Any Contracting Party may denounce this Agreement by giving notice of denunciation to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. • 2. The denunciation shall take effect fifteen months after the date on which the Secretary-General received the notice of denunciation. Article 13 This Agreement shall cease to have effect if the number of Contracting Parties is less than five throughout any period of twelve consecutive months after its entry into force. Article 14 1. Any State may at the time of signing this Agreement without reservation as to ratification or of depositing its instrument of ratification or accession or at any time thereafter declare by notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations that this Agreement will be applicable to all or any of the territories for the international relations of which that State is responsible. This Agreement shall be applicable to the territory or territories named in the notification as from the ninetieth day after receipt of the notice by the Secretary-General or, if on that day the Agreement has not yet entered into force, as from its entry into force. 2. Any State which has made a declaration under paragraph 1 of this article making this Agreement applicable to a territory for whose international relations it is responsible may denounce the Agreement separately in respect of that territory in conformity with article 12 hereof. 120 EG>HMEPII THI KYBt:PNHIEQI {TEYXOI nPOTO) Article 15 1. Any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement shall so far as possible be settled by negotiation between them. 2. Any dispute which is not settled by negotiation shall be submitted to arbitration if any one of the Contracting Parties concerned in the dispute so requests and shall be referred accordingly to one or mote arbitrators selected by agreement between those Parties. If within three months from the date of the request for arbitration, the Parties concerned in the dispute are unable to agree on the selection of an arbitrator or arbitrators, any of those Parties may request the Secretary-General of the United Nations to designate a single arbitrator to whom the dispute shall be referred for decision. 3. The decision of the arbitrator or arbitrators designated ·under the preceding paragraph shall be binding on the Contracting Parties concerned in the dispute. Article 16 1. Any State may, at the time of signing, ratifying, or acceding to; this Agreement, declare that it does not consider itself bound by article 15, paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Agreement. The other Contracting Parties shall not be bound by .tti:ese par,agraphs with respect to any Contracting Partywhich has entered such a reservation. 2. Any Contracting Party which has entered a reservation under paragraph 1 of this article may at any time withdraw the reservation by notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 3. With the exception of the reservation provided for in paragraph 1 of this article, no reservation to this Agreement shall be permitted. Article 17 1. After this Agreement has been in force for three years, any Contracting Party may, by notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, request that a ·conference be convened for the purpose of revising ·this Agreement. The Secretary­ General shall notify all Contracting Parties of the request and a revision conference shall be • convened by the Secretary-General if, within a period of four months from the date of the notification sent by the Secretary­ General, not less than one-third of the Contracting Parties signify their assent to the request. 2. If a conference is convened in pursuance of para­ graph 1 of this article, the Secretary-General shall so advise all the Contracting Parties and invite them to submit within a period of three months, the proposals which they wish the conference to consider. The Secretary-General shall circulate the provisional agenda for the conference, together with the text of such pro posals, to all Contracting Parties not less than three months before the date on which the conference is to open. 3. The Secretary-General shall invite to any conference convened in pursuance of this article all the countries referred to in article 9, paragraph 1, of this Agreement, and also the countries which have become Contracting Parties under the said article 9, paragraph 2. Article 18 1. Any Contracting Party may propose one or more amendments to this Agreement. The text of any proposed amendment shall be communicated to the Secretary­ General of the United Nations, who shall communicate it to all Contracting Parties and bring it to the notice of all the other States referred to in article 9, paragraph 1, of this Agreement. 2. Within a period of six months following the date on which the proposed amendment is communicated by the Secretary-General, any Contracting Party may inform the Secretary-General • (a) that it has an objection to the amendment proposed, or (b) that, although it intends to accept the proposal, the conditions necessary for such acceptance are not yet fulf~led in its country. 3. If a Contracting Party sends the Secretary-Generai a communication as provided for in paragraph 2 (b) of this article, it may, so long as it has not notified the Secretary-General of its acceptance, submit an objection to the proposed amendment within a period of nine months following the expiry of the period of six months prescribed in respect of the initial communication. 4. If an objection to the proposed amendment is stated in accordance with the terms of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this article, the amendment shall be deemed not to have been accepted and shall be of no effect. 5. If no objection to the proposed amendment has been stated in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of this article, the amendment shall be deemed to have been accepted on the date specified below: (a) if no Contracting Party has sent a communication to the Secretary-General in accordance with paragraph 2 (b) of this article, on the expiry of the period of six months referred to in paragraph 2 of this article; (b) if at least one Contracting Party has sent a communication to the Secretary-General in accordance with paragraph 2 (b) of this article, on the earlier of the following two dates: the date by which all the Contracting Parties which sent such communications have notified the Secretary­ General of their acceptance of the proposed amendment, subject however to the proviso that if all the acceptances were notified before the expiry of the period of six months referred to in paragraph 2 of this article the date shall be the date of expiry of that period; the date of e~piry of the period of nine months referred to in paragraph 3 of this article. 6. Any amendment deemed to be accepted shall enter into force six months after the date on which it was deemed to be accepted. 7. The Secretary-General shall as soon as possible inform all Contracting Parties whether an objection to the proposed amendment has been stated in accord­ ance with paragraph 2 (a) of this article and whether one or more Contracting Parties have sent him a communication in accordance with paragraph 2 (b) of . this article. If one or more Contracting Parties have sent him such a communication, he shall subsequently inform all the Contracting Parties whether the Contracting Party or Parties which have sent such a communication raise an objection to the proposed amendment or accept it. E<DHMEPII: THI: KYBEPNHI:EOI: (TEYXOI: nPOTO) 121 8. Independently of the amendment procedure laid down in paragraphs 1 to 6 of this article, the annexes and appendices to this Agreement may be modified by agreement between the competent administrations of all the Contracting Parties. If the administration of a Contracting Party has stated that under its national law its agreement is contingent on special authorization or on the approval of a legislative body, the consent of the Contracting Party concerned to the modification of an annex shall not be deemed to have been given until the Contracting Party has notified the Secretary-General that the necessary authorisation or approval has been obtained. The agreement between the competent administrations may provide that, during a transitional period, the old annexes shall remain in force, wholly or in part, . concurrently with the new annexes. The Secretary-General shall specify the date of the entry into force of the new texts resulting from such modifications. Article 19 In addition to communicating to them the notifications provided for in articles 17 and 18 of this Agreement, the Secretary - General of the United Nations shall notify the States referred to in article 9, paragraph 1, of this Agreement and the States which have become Contracting Parties under article 9, paragraph 2, of: (a) signatures, ratifications and accessions under article 9; (b) the dates of entry into force of this Agreement pursuant to article 11; (c) denunciations under article 12; (d) the termination of this Agreement under article 13; (e) notifications received under articles 10 and 14; (f) declarations and notifications received under article 16, paragraphs 1 and 2; (g) the entry into force of any amendment pursuant to article 18. Article 20 After 31 May 1971, the original of this Agreement shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit certified true copies to each of the States mentioned in article 9, paragraphs 1 and 2, of this Agreement. Annex 2 TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS FOR THE' CARRIAGE OF QUICK (DEEP)-FROZEN AND FROZEN FOODSTUFFS' The highest temperature at any point in the load on loading, during carriage and on unloading shall not be higher than thaf indicated below . for each foodstuff. However, if certain technical operations, such as defrosting the evaporator of mechanically refrigerated· equipment, cause a brief rise of limited extent in the • temperature of a part of the load, a temperature rise by not more than 3o C above the temperature indicated below for each foodstuff concerned may be tolerated. Ice cream and frozen or quick (deep)-frosen concentrated fruit juices -20° c Frozen or quick (deep)-frozen fish -18° C All other quick (deep)-frozen foodstuffs • 18° c Butter and other frozen fats -14° C Frozen red offal, egg yolks, poultry and garn&-10° G Frozen meat - i0° C All other frozen foodstuffs -10° C Replace annex 1 by the following:-/ 'Annex 1 DEFINITIONS OF AND STANDARDS FOR SPECIAL EQUIPMENT FOR THE CARRIAGE OF PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS 1. Insulated equipment. Equipment of which the body 2/ is built with insulating walls, doors, floor and roof, by which h~at exchanges between the inside and outside of the body can be so limited that the over-all coefficient of heat transfer (K coefficient), is such that the equipment is assignable to one or other of the following two categories: • IN - Normally insulated equipment - characterized by a K coefficient equal to or fess than 0.7 Wtm2 0c ( 0.6, kcaf/h m2 °C) IR • Heavily insulated equipment - characterized by a K coefficient equal to or less than 0.4 Wtm2 0 c ( 0.35 k·cal/h. m2 ~C) • ., .. ;., . The definition of the K coefficient, which is' called U coefficient in some countries, and a description of the . method to be used in measuring it, are given in appendix 2 to this annex. . 2. Refrigerated equipment. Insulated equipment which, using a source of cold (natural ice, with or without the addition of salt; eutectic plates; dry ice, with or without sublimation control; liquefied gases, with 9r W:ithout evaporation control; etc) other than a mechanical. or "absorption· unit, is capable, with a mean outside temperature of +30°C, of lowering the temperature inside the empty body to, and thereafter maintaining it: At +7 °c maximum in the case of class A; At -10 °c maximum in the case of class B; At -20 °c maximum in the case of class C; and At O 0c maximum in the case of class D, 1/ Wagons, lorries, trailers, semi-tra~ers, containers and other similar equipment. • 2/ In the case of tank equipment, the term 'body' means under this definition, the tank itself. with the aid of appropriate refrigerants and fittings. Such equipment shall comprise one or more compartments, receptacles or tanks for the refrigerant. The said compartments, receptacles or tanks shall: . Be capable of being filled of refilled from the outside; and .. . . Have a capacity in conformity with the provisions of . annex 1, appendix 2, paragraph 34. , The·K coefficient of equipment of <:lasses B and 1 shall in every case be equal to or less than 0.4 W Im 0 c (~0.35 k cal/h m2 °C). 1 •/The test reports, models 1 to 5 (annex 1, appendix 2), are not reproduced in this document. , 122 ECl>HMEPII: THr KYBEPNHrEQI: {TEYXO r n P Q T O~) 3. Mechanically refrigerated equipment. Insulated equipment either fitted with its own refrigerating appliance, or served jointly with other units of transport epuipment by such an appliance, (mechanical compressor unit, "absorption" unit, etc.). The appliance shall be capable, with a mean outside temperature of +30 °c, of lowering the temperature inside the empty body to, and thereafter maintaining it continuously in the following manner at: In the case of classes A, B and C, any desired practically constant value ti in conformity with the stand­ ards defined below for the three classes: Class A. Mechanically refrigerated equipment fitted with a refrigerating appliance such that ti may be chosen between +12 °C and O 0 c inclusive. Class B. Mechanically refrigerated equipment fitted with a refrigerating appliance such that ti may be chosen between +12 °C and -10 °c inclusive. Class C. Mechanically refrigerated equipment fitted with a refrigerating appliance such that ti may be chosen between + 12 °c and -20 °C inclusive. In the case of classes D, E and F a fixed practically constant value ti in conformity with the standards defined below for the three classes: Class D. Mechanically refrigerated equipment fitted with a refrigerating appliance such that ti is equal to or less than O 0 c. Class E. Mechanically refrigerated equipment fitted with a refrigerating appliance such that ti is equal to or less than -10 °c. Class F. Mechanically refrigerated equipment fitted with a refrigerating appliance such that ti is equal to or less than -20 °c. The K coefficient of equipment of classes B, C, E and F shall in every case be equal to or less than 0,4 W/m2 °C (::! 0,35 kcal/h m2 0 c). 4. Heated equipment. Insulated equipment fitted with a heat-producing appliance which is capable of raising the temperature inside the empty body to, and thereafter maintaining it for not less than 12 hours without renewal of supply at, a practically constant value of not less than +12 °c when the mean outside temperature of the body is that indicated below for the two classes: Class A. Heated equipment for use when the mean outside temperature is -10 °C; and Class B. Heated equipment for use when the mean outside temperature is -20 °c. The K coefficient of equipment of class B shall in every case be equal to or less than 0.4 W!m2 0 cc~ 0,35 kcal/h m2 °C). 5. Transitional provisions. For a period of three years following the date of entry into force of this Agreement in conformity with the provisions of article 11, paragraph 1 thereof, the over-all coefficient of heat transfer (K coefficient) may, in the case of equipment already in service at that date, be equal to or less than: 0,9 W/m2 0 c ( ::r 0,8 kcal/h m2 0 c) in the case of insulated equipment in category IN, refrigerated equipment in class A, all mechanically refrigerated equipment, and heated equipment in class A; and 0,6 W/m2 0 c ( ~ 0,5 kcal/h m2 0 c) in the case of refrigerated equipment in classes B and C and heated equipment in class B. . Moreover, after the period of three years referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph and until the equipment is finally withdrawn from service, the K coefficient of the mechanically refrigerated equipment in question of classes B, C, E and F may be equal to or less than 0,7 W/m2 °C (~ 0,6 kcal/h m2 0 c). These transitional provisions shall not, however, preclude the application of any stricter regulations enacted by certain States for equipment registered in their own territory. Annex 1, Appendix .1 PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE CHECKING OF INSULATED, REFRIGERATED, MECHANICALLY REFRIGERATED OR HEATED EQUIPMENT FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE STANDARDS 1. Except in the cases provided for in appendix 2, paragraphs 29 and 49, to this annex, checks for compliance with the standards prescribed in this annex shall be made at the testing stations designated or approved by the competent authority of the country in which the equipment is registered or recorded. They shall be made: (a) before the equipment is put into service; (b) periodically, at least once every six years; and (c) whenever required by the competent authority. 2. (a) New equipment of a specific type serially produced may be approved by testing one unit of that type. If the unit t~ste~ fulfils the requirements prescribed for the class to wbich it is presumed to belong, the test report shall be regarded as a Type Approval Certificate. This certificate shall expire at the end of a period of three years. (b) The competent authority shall take steps to verify that production of other units is in conformity with the approved type. For this purpose it may check by testing sample units drawn • at random from the production series. (c) A unit shall not be regarded as being of the same type as the unit tested unless it satisfies the following minimum conditions: (i) If it is insulated equipment, in which case the reference equipment may be insulated, refrigerated, mechanically refrigerated or heated equipment, the construction shall be comparable and, in particular, the insulating material and the method of insulation shall be identical; the thickness of the insulating material shall be not less than that of the reference equipment; the interior fittings shall be identical or simplified; the number of doors and, the number of hatches or other openings shall be the same or less; and the inside surface area of the body shall not be as much as 20 per cent greater or smaller; (ii) If it is refrigerated equipment, in which case the reference equipment shall be refrigerated equipment, the conditions set out under (i) above shall be satisfied; inside ventilation appliances shall be comparable; the source of cold shall be identical; and the reserve of cold per unit of inside surface area shall be greater or equal; (iii) If it is mechanically refrigerated equipment, in which case the reference equipment shall be mechanically refrigerated equipment, the conditions set out under (i) above shall be satisfied; and the capacity of the refrigerating equipment per unit of inside surface area under the same temperature conditions shall be greater or equal; (iv) If it is heated equipment, in which case the E<l>HMEPII: THI: KYBEPNHI:EQI: (TEYXOI: nPOTOl 123 reference equipment may be insulated or heated equipment, the conditions set out under (i) above shall be satisfied; the source of heat shall be identical; and the capacity of the heating appliance per unit of inside surface area shall be greater or equal. (d) If, in the course of the three-year period, the production series exceeds 100 units, the competent authority shall determine the percentage of units to be tested. 3. The methods and procedures to be used in checking for compliance with the standards are described in , appendix 2 to this annex. 4. A certificate of compliance with the standards shall be issued by the competent authority on a form corresponding to the model reproduced in appendix 3 to this annex. The certificate or a certified true photographic copy thereof shall be carried on the equipment during carriage and be produced whenever . so required by the control authorities. However; if the certification plate reproduced in appendix 3 to this annex is affixed to the equipment, the said plate shall be recognized as equivalent to an ATP certificate. The said certification plate shall be removed as soon as the equipment ceases to conform to the standards laid down in this annex. If equipment cannot be designated as belonging to a category or class except by virtue of the transitional provisions contained in para.graph 5 of this annex, the validity of the certificate issued for such equipment shall be limited to the period laid down in the said transitional provisions. 5. Distinguishing marks and particulars shall be affixed to the equipment in conformity with the provisions of appendix 4 to this annex. They shall be removed as soon as the equipment ceases to conform to the stand­ ards laid down in this annex. Annex 1, Appendix 2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING AND CHECKING THE INSULATING CAPACITY AND THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COOLING OR HEATING APPLIANCES OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT FOR THE CARRIAGE OF PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS A. DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1. K coefficient. The over-all coefficient of heat transfer (k coefficient, called U coefficient in some countries), which represents the insulating capacity of the equipment, is defined by the following formula: w K. S.66 where W is the thermal capacity required in a body of mean surface area S to maintain the absolute difference 66 between the mean inside temperature 0; and the mean outside temperature ee, during continuous operation, when the mean outside temperature ee is constant. 2. The mean surface area S of the body is the geometric mean of the inside surface area Si and the outside surface area Se of the body s - V& .Se In determining the two surface areas Si and Se, structural peculiarities and surface irregularities of the body, such as round-offs, wheel-arches and the like, shall be taken into account and shall be noted under the appropriate heading in the test report prescribed hereunder; however, if the body is covered with corrugated sheet metal the area considered shall be that of the plane surface occupied thereby, not that of the developed corrugated surface. 3. In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean inside temperature of the body (0ii is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured l'O cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight inside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four inside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurement shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible havng regard to the shape of the body. 4. In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean outside temperature of the body (0e) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight outside corners of the body, (b) the centres of the four outside faces having the largest area. If the body is riot parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurement shall be distributed as ·satisfactor~y as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 5. The mean temperature of the walls of the body is the arithmetic mean of the mean outside temperatu;e of the body and the mean inside temperature of the body ee + 6; ( -------. - ) 2 6. Continuous operation. Operation shall be considered to be continuous if both the following conditions are satisfied: ' The mean outside temperature and the mean inside temperature of the body, taken over a period of not less than 12 hours, shall not vary by more than .!. 0,5 °C; and The difference between the mean thermal capacities measured over a period of not less than 3 hours, beforf: and after the aforesaid period of not less than 12 hours, shall be less than 3 per cent. B. INSULATING CAPACITY OF EQUIPMENT Procedures for measuring the K coefficient (a) Equipment other than liquid-foodstuffs tanks 7. Insulating capacity shall be measured in continuous operation either by the internal cooling method or by the internal heating method. In either case, ihe empty body shall be placed in an insulated chamber. 8. Whatever the method employed, the mean temperature of the insulated chamber shall throughout the test be kept uniform, and constant to within ±0,5 0 c, at a level such that the temperature difference between the inside of the equipment and the insulated chamber is not less than 20 °c, the mean temperature of the walls of the body being maintained at about + 20 °C. 9. When the over-all coefficient of heat transfer (K coefficient) is being determined by the internal cooing method, the dew point in the atmosphere of the insulated chamber shall be maintained at + 25 °C .!: 2 °c. During the test, whether by the internal cooling method or by the internal heating method, the atmosphere of the chamber shall be made to cirnulate continuously so that the speed of movement of the air 10 cm from the 124 :E:c..;CJ>:....:.H-=..:M-=-=-=E:....:Pl=I'-T:...:.H..::..::I::.....:...::.KY-=-=-BE=P'--'N-=-:Hc...:..I=E=Q=I=---i.c(T:...=E:...:.Y-=--Xc....cOc...ccI'-'n'-'-'P'---'Q=-T-'----0=), -~----- walls is maintained at between 1 and 2 metres/second. 10. Where the internal cooling method is applied, one or more heat exchangers shall be placed inside the body. The surface area of these exchangers shall be such that if a fluid at a temperature not lower than 0 0 c ..11 passes through them the mean inside temperature of the body remains below + 10 °C when continuous operation has· been established. Where the internal heating method is applied, electrical heating appliances (resistors and the like) shall be used. The heat exchangers or electrical heating appliances shall be fitted with an air blower having a delivery rate sufficient to ensure that the maximum difference between the temperatures of any two of the 12 points specified in paragraph 3 of this appencix does not exceed 3 °c when continuous operation has been established. 11. Temperature measuring, instruments protected against raciation shall be placed inside and outside the body at the points specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this appendix. 12. The appliances for generating and distributing cold or heat and for measuring the quantity of cold or heat exchanged and the heat equivalent of the air-circulating fans shall be started up. 13. When continuous operation has been established, the maximum difference between the temperatures at the warmest and at the coldest points on the outside of the body shall not exceed 2 °c. 14. The mean outside temperature and the mean inside temperature of the body shall each be read not less than four- ~imes per hour. 15. The test shall be continued as long as is necessary to ensure that operation is continuous (see paragraph 6 of this appendix). If not all measurements are automatic and recorded, the test shall be continued for a period of eight consecutive hours in order to make sure that operation is continuous and to take the definitive readings. b) Liquid. - foodstuffs tanks 16. The method described below applies only to single­ compartment or multiplecompartment tank equipment intended solely for the cariage of liquid foodstuffs such as milk. Each compartment of such tanks shall have at least one manhole and one discharge-pipe connecting socket; where there are several compartments they shall be separated from one another by non-insulated vertical partitions. 17. Insulating capacity shall be tested in continuous operation by internal heating of the empty tank in an insulated chamber. 18. Throughout the test, the mean temperature of the insulated chamber shall be kept uniform, and constant to within +- 0.5 °C, at a level between + 15 °C and + 120 0 c; the mean temperature inside the tank shall be kept at between +45 °C and +50 °C in continuous operation, the mean temperature of the tank walls being between +30 °C and +35 °C. 19. The atmosphere of the chamber shall be made to circulate continuously so that the speed of movement of the air 10 cm from the walls is maintained at between 1 and 2 metres/second. 20. A heat exchanger shall be placed inside the tank. If the tank has several compartments, a heat exchanger shall be placed in each compartment. The exchangers shall be fitted with electrical resistors and a fan with 1/ To prevent frosting. a delivery rate sufficient to ensure that the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature inside each compartment does not exceed 3 °c when continuous operation has been established. If the tank comprises several compartments, the difference between the mean temperature in the coldest compartment and the mean temperature in the warmest compartment shall not exceed 2 °c, the temperatures being measured as specified in paragraph 21 of this appendix. 21. Temperature measuring instruments protected ' against radiation shall be placed inside and outside the tank 10 cm from the walls, as follows: a) If the tank has only one compartment, measure­ ments shall be made at a minimum of 12 points positioned as follows: The fo ur extremities of two diameters at right angles to one another, one horizontal and the other vertical, near each of the two ends of the tank; The four extremities of two diameters at right angles to one another inclined at an angle of 45° to the horizontal, in the axial plane of the tank. b) If the tank has several compartments, the points of measurement shall be as follows: for each of the two end compartments, at least the following: The extrem1t1es of a horizontal diameter near the end and the extremities of a vertical diameter near the partition; and for each of the other compartments, at least the following: The extremities of a diameter inclined at an angle of 45° to the horizontal near one of the partitions and the extremities of a diameter perpendicular to the first and near the other partition. The mean inside temperature and the mean outside temperature of the tank shall respectively be the arithmetic mean of all the measurements taken inside and all the measurements taken outside the tank. In the case of a tank having several compartments, the mean inside temperature of each compartment shall be the arithmetic mean of the measurements, numbering not less than four, relating to that compartment. 22. The appliances for heating and circulating the air and for measuring the quantity of heat exchanged and the best equivalent of the air-circulating fans shall be started up. 23. When continuous operation has been established, the maximum difference between the temperatures at the warmerst and at the coldest points on the outside of the tank shall not exceed 2 °C. 24. The mean outside temperature and the mean inside temperature of the tank shall each be reacl not less than four times per hour. 25. The test shall be continued as long as is necessary to ensure that operation is continuous (see paragraph 6 of this appendix). If not all measurements are automatic and recorded, the test shall be continued for a period of eight consecutive hours in order to make sure that operation is continuous and to take the definitive readings. c) Provisions common to all types of insulated equipment i) Verification of the K coefficient E<l>HMEPII: THI: KYBEPNHI:EQI: (TEYXOI: nPOTO) 125 26. Where the purpose of the tests is not to determine the K coefficient but simply to verity that it is below a certain limit, the tests carried out as described in para­ graphs 7 to 25 of this appendix may be ,stopped as soon as the measurements made show that the K coefficient meets the requirements. ii) Accuracy of measurements of the K coefficient 27. Testing stations shall be provided with the equipment and instruments necessary to ensure that the K coefficient is determined with a maximum margin of error of ± 10 per cent. iii) Test reports 28 . . I\ test report of the type appropriate to the equipment tested shall be drawn up for each test in conformity with one or other of the models 1 and 2 hereunder. Check ing the- insulating capacity of equipment in service. 29. For the purpose of checking the insl!lating capacity of each piece of equipment in service as prescribed in appendix 1, paragraphs 1b) and 1c), to this annex, the . competent authorities may: Apply the methods described in paragraphs 7 to 27 of this appendix; or Appoint experts to assess the fitness of the equipment for retention in one or other of the categories of insulated equipment. These experts shall take the following particulars into account and shall base their conclusio.ns on the criteria set forth hereunder: a) General examination of the equipment This examination shall take the form of an inspection of the equipment to determine the following in • the foilowing order: • i) the general design of the insulating sheathing; ii) the method of application of insulation; iii) the nature and condition of the walls; iv) the condition of the insulated compartment; v; the thickness of the walls; . and to make all appropriate observations concerning the insulating capasity of the equipment. For this purpose the experts may cause parts of the equipment to be dismantled and require all documents they may need to consult (plans, test reports, specifications, invoices, etc.) to ·be placed at their disposal. b) Examination for air-tightness (not applicable to tank equipments) The inspection shall be made by an observer stationed inside the equipment, which shall be placed in a brightly­ illuminated are·a. Any method yielding more accurate results may be used. c) Decisions i} If the conclusions regarding the general condition of the body are favourable, the equipment may be kept in service as insulated equipment of its initial class for a further period of not more than three years. If the conclusions of the expert or experts are unfavourable, the equipment may be kept in service only if it passes at a testing station the tests described in paragraphs 7 to 27 of this appendix; it may then be kept in service for a • further period of six years. ii) If the equipment consists of units of serially-produced equipment of a particular type satisfying the reguirements of appendix 1, paragraph 2, to this annex and belonging to one owner, then in addition to an inspection of each unit of equipment the K coefficient of not less than 1 per cent of the number of units may be measured in conformity with the provisions of para graph& 7 to • 27 of this appendix. If the results of the examinations .and measurements are favourable, all the equipment in question may be kept in service as insulating equipment of its initial class for a further period of six years. Transitional provisions applicable to new equipment. 30. For four years from the date of the entry into force of this Agreement in conformity with the provisions of article 11, paragraph 1 thereof, if owing to lack of testing stations • the K coefficient of equipment cannot be measured by the procedures described il1 paragraphs ·7 to 27 of this appendix the compliance ·of new insulated equipment with the standards prescribed in this annex may be verified by applying the provisions ot paragraph 29 and, in addition, evaluating the insulating capacity in the light of the following consideration: . The insulating· material of the main components (side walls, floor, roof, hatches, doors, etc.) of tt'1e equipment shall be of a substantially uniform thickness exceeding in metre-length terms the figure obtained by dividing the coefficient of thermal conductivity. of the material in a humid environment by the K coefficient required for the category in which inclusion of the equipment iS requested. C. EFFICIENCY OF THERMAL APPLIANCES OF EQUIPMENT Procedures for determining the efficiency of ttiermal appliances of equipment 31. The efficiency of the thermal appiiances of equipment shall be determined by the 'in'ethods described in paragraphs 32 to 47 of this appendix. • Refrigerated equipment 32. The empty equipment shall be placed :n an insulated chamber whose mean temperature shail be. kept uniform, and constant to wiihin :o,5 °C, at +3dc. The atmosphere of the chamber, which shall be kept humid by regulating the dew point to +25 °c ~2° C, shall be made to circulate as described in • paragraph . 9 of this appendix. • 33. Temperature measuring instruments protected against radiation shall be placed inside and outside the body at the points specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this appendix. 34. a) In the case of equipment other than equipment with fixed eutectic plates, and equipment fitted with liquid gas systems, the maximum weight of ·refrigerant specified by the manufacturer or which can normally be accommodated shall be loaded into thP. spaces provided when the mean inside temperature of the body has reached the mean outside temperature of ihe body (+30 °C). Doors, hatches· and other openings shall be closed and the inside ventilation appliances, if any, of the equipment shall be started up at maximum capacity. In addition, in the case of new equipment, a heating appliance with a heating capacity equal to 35 per cent of the heat exchanged through the walls in continuqus operation shall be started up inside the body when the temperature prescribed for the dass to which the equipment is presumed to belong has been reached. No additional refrigerant shall be loaded during the test. b) In the case of equipment with fixed eutectic plates the test shall comprise a preliminary phase of freezing of the eutectic solution. For this purpose, when the mean inside temperature of the body and the temperature of the plates have r-each-ed the mean outside temperahJre (+30 °c), the plate-cooling appliance 126 ECJ>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEOI (TEYXOI nPOTO) shall be put into operation for 18 consecutive hours after closure of the doors and hatches. If the plate­ cooling appliance includes a cyclically-operating mechanism the total duration of operation of the appliance shall be 24 hours. In the case of new equipment, as soon as the cooling appliance is stopped a heating appliance with a heating capacity equal to 35 per cent of the heat exchanged through the walls in continuous-oper.ation shall be started up inside the body when the temperature prescribed for the. class to which tt:le equipment is presumed to belong has been reached. The solution shall not be subjected to any re-freezing operation wring the test. • c) In the case of equipment fitted with liquid gas systems, the following test proceclJre shall be used: when the mean inside temperature of the body has reached the mean outside temperature (+30 °C), the receptacles for the liquefied gas are filled to the level prescribed by the manufacturer. Then the doors, hatches and other openings shall be closed as in normal operation and the inside ventilation appliances, if any, of the equipment shall be started up at maximum capacity. The thermostat shall be set at a temperature not more. than 2 degrees below the limit temperature of the presumed class of the equipment. Cooling of the body then shall be commenced. During the cooling of the body the refrigerant consumed is simultaneously replaced. This replacement shall be effected: Either for a time corresponding to the interval between the commencement of cooling and the· moment when the temperatur::e...prescribed for the class to which the equipment is presumed to belong is reached for the first time, or for a duration of three hours counting from the commencement of cooling whichever is the shorter. Beyond this period, no additional refrigerant shall be loaded during the test. . In the case of new equipment, a heating appliance with a heating capa<;:ity equal to 35 per cent of the heat exchanged through the walls in continuous operation shall be startet'.I up inside the body when the • class temperature has been reached. 35. The mean outside temperature and the mean inside temperature of the body shall each be read not less often than once every 30 minutes. 36. The test shall be continued for 12 hours after the mean inside temperature of the body has reached the lower limit prescribed for the class to which the equipment is presumed to belong (A+7 °c; B- -10 °c; C--20 °c; 0-0 °c) or, in the case of equipment with fixed eutectic plates, after stoppage of the cooling ··appliance. The test shall be deemed satisfactory if the mean inside temperature of the body does not exceed the aforesaid lower limit during the aforesaid period of 12 hours. Mechanically refrigerated equipment 37. The test shall be carried out in conditions described in paragraphs 32 and 33 of this appendix. 38. When the mean inside temperature of the body reache·s the outside temperature • (+30 °C), the doors, hatches and other openings shall be closed and the refrigerating appliance and the inside ventilating appliances (if any) shall be started up at maximum capacity. In addition, in the case of new equipment a heating appliance with a heating capacity equal to 35 per cent of the heat exchanged through the walls in continuous operation shall be started up inside the body when the temperature prescribed for the class to which the equipment is presumed to belong has been reached. 39. The mean outside temperature and the mean inside temperature of the body shall each be read not less often than once every 30 minutes. 40. The test shall be continued for 12 hours after the mean inside temperature of the body has reached: Either the lower limit prescribed for the class to which the equipment -is presumed to belong in the case of classes A, B and C (A-0 °c; B--10 °c; C--20 °c); or A level not lower than the upper limit prescribed for the class to which the equipment is presumed to belong in the case<of classes D, E and F (D-0 °c; E--10 °c, F--20 °c).Then test shall be deemed satisfactory if the refrigerating appliance is able to maintain the prescribed temperature conditions during the 12 hours aforesaid, periods, if any, of automatic defrostin g of the refrigerating unit not being taken into account. 41. If the refrigerating appliance with all its accessories has undergone separately, to the satisfaction of the competent authority, a test to determine its effective refrigarating capacity at the prescribed reference temperatures, the transport equipment may be accepted as refrigerated equipment without undergoing an efficiency test if the refrigerating capacity of the appliance in continuous operation exceeds the heat losses through the walls, for the class considered, multiplied by the factor 1.75. However, these provisions shall not apply to equipment adopted as reference equipment as referred to in appendix 1, paragraph 2, to this annex. 42. If the mechanically refrigerating unit. is replaced by a .unit of a different type, the competent authority may: a) require the equipment to un,:lergo the determinations and verifications prescribed in paragraphs 37 to 40; or b) s'atisfy itself that the effective refrigerating capacity of the new mechanically refrigerating unit is, at the temperature prescribed for equipment of the class concern~d. at least equal to t~at of the unit replaced; or c) satisfy itself that the effective refrigerating capacity of the new mechanically refrigerating unit meets the requirement of paragraph 41. Heated equipment 43 .. The epmty equipment shall be placed in an insulated chamber whose temperature shall be kept uniform and constant at as low a level as possible. The atmosphere of the chamber shall be made to circulate as. described in paragraph 9 of this appendix. 44. Temperature measuring instruments protected against radiation shall be placed inside and outside the body at the points specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this appendix. 45. Doors, hatches and other openings shall be closed and the heating equipment and the inside ventilating appliances, if any, shall be started up at maximum capacity. 46. The mean outside temperature and the mean inside temperature of the body shall each be read not less often than once every 30 minutes. • 47. The test shall be continued for 12 hours after the difference between the mean inside temperature and the mean outside temperature of the body has reached the level corresponding to the conditions prescribed for the class to which the equipment is presumed tc;> belong, increased by 35 per cent in the case of new equipment. The test shall be deemed satisfactQry if the heatin~ E<l>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPOTO) 127 appliance is able to maintain the prescribed temperature difference during the 12 hours aforesaid. Test report 48. A test report of the type appropriate to the equipment tested shall be drawn up for each test in conformity with one or other of the models 3 to 5 hereunder. Verifying the efficiency of thermal appliances of eQUipment in service 49. To verify as prescribed in appendix 1, paragraphs 1 (b) and 1 (c), to this annex the efficiency of the thermal appliance, of each item of refrigerated, mechanically refrigerated or heated equipment in service"7 the competent authorities may: Apply the methods described in paragraphs 32 to 47 of this appendix; or Appoint experts to apply the following provisions: (a) Refrigerated equipment It shall be verified that' the inside temperature of the empty equipment, previously brought to the outside temperature, can be brought to the limit temperature uf the class to which the equipment belongs, as prescribed in this annex,· and maintained below the said limit temperature for a period t such that 12A0 t >, -------­ A0' in which Aa .is the difference between +30 °C and the said limit temperature, and A0'is the difference between the mean outside temperature during the test and the aforesaid limit temperature, the outside temperature being not lower tha n +15 °c. If the results are favourable, the equipment may be kept in service as refrigerated equipment of its initial class for a further period of not more than three years. (b) Mechanically refrigerated equipment It shall be verified that, when the outside temperature is not lower than +15 °c, the inside temperature of the empty equipment can be brought: In the case of equipment in classes A, B or C, to the minimum temperature, as prescribed in this annex, In the case of equipment in class es D, E or F, to the limit tempef a.ture, as prescribed in this annex. If the results are favourable, the equipment may be kept in service as mechanically refrigerated equipment of -its initial class for a further' period of not more than three years. • (c) Heated equipment It shall be verified that the difference between the inside temperature of the equipment and the outside temperature which governs the class to which the equipment belongs as -prescribed in this annex (a difference of 22 °c in the case of class A and of 32 °C in the case of class B) can be achieved and be maintained for not less than 12 hours. If the results are favourable, the equipment may be kept in service as heated equipment, of its initial class for a further period of not more than three years. (d) P~ovisions common to refrigerated, mechanically refrigerated and heated equipment . (i) tf the results are unfavourable, refrigerated, mechani cally refrigerated or heated equipment may be kept in service in its initial class only if it passes at a testing station the tests described in paragraphs 32 to 47 of this appendix; it may then be kept in service in its initial class for a further period of six years. (ii) If the equipment consists of units of serially­ produced refrigerated, mechanically refrigerated or heated equipment of a particular type satisfying the requirements of appen~x 1, paragraph 2- to this annex and belonging to one owner, then in addition to an inspection of the thermal appliances to ensure that their general condition appears to be satisfactory, the effi ciency of the cooling or heating appliances of not less than 1 percent of the number of units may be determined at a testing station in conformity with the provisions of paragraphs 32 to 47 of this appendix. If the results of the examinations and of the determination of efficiency are favourable, all the equipment in question may be kept in service in its initial class for a further period of six years. Transitional provisions applicable to new equipment 50. For four years from the date of the entry into force of this Agreement in conformity with the provisions of article 11, paragraph 1 thereof, if owing to . lack of testing stations the efficiency of the thermal appliances of equipment cannot be determined by the procedures described in paragraphs 32 to 47 of this appendix, the compliance with the -standards of -new refrigerated, mechanically refrigerated or heated equipment may be verified by applying the provisions of paragraph 49 of this appendix. 128 ECJ>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPOTO) Annex 1, Appendix 3 A. Model form of certificate of compliance of the equipment. as prescribed in annex 1, appendix 1, paragraph 4 FORM OF CERTIFICATE FOR INSULATED, REFRIGERATED, MECHANICALLY REF'RIGERATED OR HEATED EQUIPMENT USED FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF PERISHABLE FOOD STUFFS BY LAND 1/ 6/ EQUIPMENT ~NSULATED iREFRIGERATEdMECHANICALLY REFRIGERATEdHEATEDI 511 CERTIFICATE 2/ issued pursuant to the Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs and on the Special Equipment to be used for such Carriage (ATP) 1. Issuing authority ......... ... : ..................................................... . 2. Equipment 3/ ....................................................................... . 3. Identification number ................... allotted by ................... . 4. owned or operated by ....................................................... .. 5. Submitted by ....................................................................... . 6. Is approved as 4/ ................................................................ . 6.1. with one or more thermal appliances which (is) (are): • .. 6.1.1. independent; 6.1.2. ·not independent; 5/ 6.1.3. removable; 6.1.4. not removable. 7. Basis of issue of certificate 7.1. This certificate is issued on the basis of: 7:1.1. iests of equipment; ) 7.1.2. conformity with a reference equipment ) 7. 1.3. ~ periodic inspection; ) • 11 7.1 .4. ·transitional provisions. ) • 7.2. If the certificate is issued on the basis of a test or by reference to an equipment of the same type which has been tested, specify: 7.2.1. the testing station ..................................... . 7.2.2. the nature of the tests •2/ ....................... . 7,2.3. the number(s) of the· report(s) ............... . 7.2.4. the K coefficient ........................................ . 7.2.5. the effective refrigerating capacity •3/ at an outside temperature of 30 °c and an inside temperature of ...... 0 c ..... W ditto ...... °C ..... .W ditto ...... 0 c ..... .w 8. The certificate is valid until .............................. .. 8.1. provided that: 8.1.1. the insulated bo,.1y (and, where applicable, the thermal appliance) is maintained in good condition; 8.1.2. no material alteration is made to the ther­ mal appliances; and 8.1.3. if the thermal appliance is replaced, it is replaced by an appliance of equal or greater refrigerating capacity. 9. Done at ..................... 10. on ...................................... . (The competent authority) B. Certification plate of compliance of the equipment, as provided for in annex 1, appendix 1, paragraph 4 1. The certification plate shall be affixed permanently and in a clearly visible place adjacent to any other approval plate issued for official purposes. The plate, conforming to the model reproduced below, shall take the form of a rectangular. corrosion- resistant and fire-resistant plate measuring at least 160 mm by 100 mm. The following particulars shall be indicated legibly and indelibly on the plate in at least the English or French or Russian language: (a) the Latin letters "ATP" followed by the words "APPROVED FOR TRANSPORT OF PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS", (b) "APPROVAL NUMBER" followed by the distinguishing sign (in international road traffic) of the State in which the approval was granted and the number (figures, letters, etc.) of the approval reference, (c) "EQUIPMENT NUMBER" followed by the individual number assigned to identify the particular item of equipment (which may be the manufacturer's number), (d) "ATP MARK" followed by. the distinguishing mark prescribed in annex 1, appendix 4, corresponding to the class and the category of the equipment, (e) "VALID UNTIL" followed by the date (month and year) when the approval of the unit of equipment expires. If the approval is renewed following a test or inspection, the subsequent date of expiry may be added on the same line. 2. The letters "ATP" and the letters of the distinguishing mark should be approximately 20 mm high. Other letters and figures should not be less than 5 mm high. 1/ Distinguishing sign of the country, as used in international road traffic. 2/ The blank certificate shall be printed in the language of the issuing country and in English, French or Russian: the various items shall be numbered as in the above model. • 3/ State type (wagon, lorry, trailer, semi-trailer, container, etc.); in the case of tank equipment for the carriage of liquid foodstuffs, add the word ·tank". 4/ Enter here one or more of the descriptions listed in appendix 4 of this annex, together with the corresponding distinguishing mark or marks. 5/ Strike out what does not apply. 61 The number (figures. letters, etc.) indicating the authority issuing the certificate and the approval reference. •1/ Strike out what does not apply. •2/ For example: insulating capacity of efficiency of thermal appliances. •3/ Where measured in conformity .with the provisions of appendix 2, paragraph 42, to this annex. E<l>HMEPl:r THr KYBEPNHrEQr (TEYXO:r nPQTO) 129 Annex 1, Appendix 4 DISTINGUISHING MARKS TO BE AFFIXED TO SPECIAL EQUIPMENT The distinguishing marks prescribed in appendix 1, paragraph 5 to this annex shall consist of capital latin letters in dark blue on a white ground; the height of the letters shall be at least 100 mm. The marks shall be as follows: Equipment Normally insulated equipment Heavily insulated equipment Distinguishing mark IN Class A refrigerated equipment with normal insulation Class A refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation Class B refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation •• Class C refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation Class D refrigerated equipment with normal insulation Class D refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation Class A mechanically refrigerated equipment with normal insulation Class A mechanically refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation Class B mechanically refrigerated equipment with normal insulation Class B mechanically refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation Class C mechanically refrigerated equipment with normal insulation. Class C mechanically refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation Class D mechanically refrigerated equipment with normal insulation Class D mechanically refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation Class E mechanically refrigerated equipment with normal insulation Class E mechanically refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation Class F mechanically refrigerated equipment with normal insulation Class F mechanically refrigerated equipment with heavy insulation IR RNA ARA ARB RAC AND ARD FNA FAA FNB * FRB FNC * FRC FND FRO FAE FNF * FRF Class A heated equipment with normal insulatiorCNA • Class A heated equipment with heavy insulation CAA Class B heated equipment with heavy insulation CAB If the equipment is fitted with removable or non-in­ dependent thermal appliances, the distinguishing mark or marks shall be supplemented by the letter X. The date (month, year) entered under section A, item 8 in appendix 3 of this annex as the date of expiry of the certificate issued in respect of the equipment shall be quoted under the distinguishing mark or marks aforesaid. Model: I ANA I 5 • month (May) of expiry of the 5 - 1974 1974 - year certificate * See transitional provisions in paragraph 5 of this annex. Replace annex 3 by the following: "Annex 3 TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS FOR THE CARRIAGE OF CERTAIN FOODSTUFFS WHICH ARE NEITHER QUICK (DEEP)-FROZEN NOR FROZEN During carriage, the temperatures of the foodstuffs in question shall not be higher than those indicated below: Red offal Butter Game Milk (raw or pasteurized) in tanks, for immediate consumption •c Industrial milk + 3 °C3/ + 6 °c + 4 °c ·+.4 oe31 + 6 °C3/ Dairy products (yoghurt, kefir, cream, and· fresh cheese) Fish, molluscs and crustaceans 1/. Meat products 2/ Meat (other than red offal) Poultry and rabbits + 4 °C3/ must always be carried in melting ice + 6 °c + 7 OC I, + 4 °C. OIKONOMIKH EnlTPOnH rlA THN EYPnnH EnlTPOnH EIOTEPIKON METAcl>OPON IYMcl>ONIA rlA TII AIE8NEII META;ilOPEI EYnA80N TPOcl>IMON KAI rlA TON El6.IKO·E:;"6riAIIIIIO nov 8A XPHIIMOn OIEITAI rr A YTEI TII META♦OPEI (ATP) 'Eywe cm, rcvWT) Tllv 111 u:mtµl3piou 1970 01 IYMBAMOMENOI, • Enl6YMO NT AI vo !3&A nci>oouv nc; ~Ke~ &ompl'}oew<; TllC: n0t6T11TOC: TCl)V cuno0wv Tpoq>iµwv K<i,:ll 'Tll t5lClpk£lG TllC: µ£Toq>opac; TOO<;, &lOU(ll OTO &t8vtc; cµn6p10, 0EOPQNTAI 6n '113&Aliw0Tl OUTci>v TWV ~Kci>v £V OCX&TOl vo npow91ioe1 TT}v entKTOOTl TOU eµnopiou O£ cuno0rJ 1p6q>iµo, IYM<l>ONHIAN TA AKOAOY6A: K&q>C.IAOlO I Elti.lKOI E=OnAIIMOI MET A<l>OPAI 'Ap8po 1 rto Tl1 01£9vl'J µ£Toq>opa cuno9ci>v Tpoq>iµwv, we; cE,oTW­ oµ6c; oev 8a ovoq>tp&TOl o ·µovwµtvoc;·, • ... ,KTU<6c;", ·µ11 XOVll<O IJIUX6µ£voc;· ri "0£pµo1v6µevoc;· eE,oTWoµ6c;, &KT6c; ov OVTOTTOKpiv&Tat OTO~ op1oµou<; KOi TO np6nmo nou ovoq>tpoVTru OTO napapT11µ0 I Tl1<: napouooc; Iuµq>o>viac;. 'Ap0po 2 Ot IuµJ3aM6µ£v0t 9a Mf3ouv TO OVayKaia µtTj)O npOK&l­ µtvou vo cE,ooq>cwoow 6n o cE,on>u.oµ6c; nou ovoq>tp&Tw 1/ Other than smoked,. salted, dried or live fish, live molluscs and live crustaceans. 2/ Except for products stabilized by salting, smoking, drying or sterilization. • 3/ In principle, the duration of carriage should not exceed 48 hours·. 130 --- ------- E <l> H M~E~P lr~T-'--H'-=r-'-K--'--Y'--=Bc..=E::..:.P....c..N::..:.H=r=E=Q=r~('-'-T=EY..:...;X:..=.O=r--=-n-=-=--P-=Q=-=T .,,O=:.i ) 00tc~<mK6 on6 lTl auµµ6P<P<oorl OTO napanavw np6nmo Ol\J<P<,l>VO µe n<; &an•.a~m: TOU napapTl')µar<><; I, npooapTl')­ µOTO 1, 2, 3 KOl 4 lTIC: napouoac; Iuµ<P<,i>via<;. Ka8& Iuµ­ j3aM6µevo Mtp<><; 8a ovayvwpil;et lT)V. IOXU TUOTOTTOIJ"lTIK<i>V OLW6p<P<,00rlc: nou £K~OOVTOl OUJ.l!p(l)VO µe TO napaplT)µo I, npooaplT)µ(J I, napaypacp<><; 4 lTIC: napouoac; Il,\Jq><a>via<: on6 lTJV apµ6&o ap:xi'I TOU aMou I~6µevou Mtpouc;. Ka8c Il41f3aM6µevo Mtpoc; µnopci vo ovayvwp{~1 lTJV cy1<Up6lT)TO mOTOTTOll1TIKWV OLW6p<P<,l>Ol1c;, nou £K~OOVTOl o~cpwvo µe nc; ,on01Tl')OE1c; TOU napapTl')µaT<><; I, npooap­ Tl')µOTo 1 KOi 2 lTJC: napouoac; Iuµcpwviac; on6 apµ~ia ap:xi'I KpaTOuc: nou ocv civo1 Iuµj3aM6µevot Mtpoc;. KccpaAruo II XPHIIMOnOIHIH Ell11KOY E=OnJ\IIMOY METM>OPAI rlA TH l11E8NH METM>OPA OPIIMENON EYnAeON TPO<l>IMON ·Apapo 3 1. Ol OlOTO~w; TOU ap8pou 4 Tl1C: nopouoac; Il,\Jq>wviac; 8a txow ccpapµoYl'l oc 6.\cc; nc; µeToq>optc;, ciTC y10 µio8wµa ciTc y10 aµcxM ri y10 io10 >.oyap100µ6, nou cvcpyouvro1 OHOl<A£lonKQ -µ.£ TJ1V cmcpu>.0~11 TWV OlOTQ~CWV Tl1C: napa­ ypacpou 2 TOU nap6VT<><: ap8pou mo11poopoµ1K<i><;, OOtK<i><; ri µc owouaoµ6 Twv ouo uncpKoTo~µtvwv KOi KOTO!plJYµtvwv Tpoq>iµwv Kat Tpocpiµwv avacpcpoµtvwv OTO napapTJ1µ0 3 TJ1C: napou oac; o(Jµj3aoric;, OK6µri Kat av ocv t;iv01 uncpt<oTa!plJYµtva f'l KOTOIJA,JYµtva,, av· OTO OJ1µ.£iO OTO on~o q>opT<i>VOVTQl TO cµnopruµOTO KOl O C~OTTAI0µ6<; nou TO ncpltXCl TTOV<a> OC Ol011PQOPOµtK6 l'l OOtK6 6x11µ0 KOi TO oriµeio OTO onoio TO cµnopcuµoTa ri o c~on>.10µ6<; nou Ta ncpitxc1 ~ccpopT<i>vo­ VTOt, J3piOKOVTQ1 OC 000 OIO(j)Op€TlKQ KpaTJ1 KOi TO OJ1µ£iO OTO onoio TO cµnopc~OTQ ~cq>opT<i>VOVTOl, J3piOKCT01 OTO tooq><><; TOU IuµJ30,U6µevou Mtpouc;. ITJ1v ncpimwori µeToq>opac; nou ouvenOY£TOl tvov l'l ncp1006TCp00<; 8aM001ouc; &an>.ouc; aMouc; on6 Tou<; &a­ n.\ouc; nou ovoq>tpovTat OTJ1V nopaypacpo 2 TOU nap6VT<><: ap8pou, K09c xcpoaio &aopoµf'l 8a C~CTO(CTOl Xwp!OTQ. 2. Ol OlOTQ~CIC: TJ1<; napoypaq,ou I TOU ·nap6VT<><: ap8pou 8a txow cnioric; ccpapµoYl'l oe 8aM001ouc; 010n>.ouc; µ1Kp6 Tcpouc; T<a>V 150 xwoµtTpwv µ.£ TOV 6po 6n TO eµnopeuµOTO q>opT<i>voVTat oe c~on>.10µ6 XP11mµono1ouµevo y10 lTl xcpoaia 01aopoµ1'1 I') oiaopoµtc; xwpic; µ.£Toq,6pT<a>OJ1 Twv eµnopeu­ µaTwv KOi 6TI OUToi Ol oian>.01 npOl")YOUVTOl "' QKO,\ou8ouv µio ri ncp1006TCpcc; o&Ktc; 01aopoµtc;, 6nwc; ovocptpcTai OlTJV napaypaq>o I TOU nap6vTOc; 6p8pou, l'l >.oµj36vouv xc.i>pa µcTO~U 000 TtTOIWV OOI.KWV 01aopoµc.i>v. 3. Ave~0pTJ1TO on6 nc; OlOTCl~etc; TWV napaypaq><a>V 1 KOi 2 TOU nap6VT<><; ap8pou, TO Il.\Jl3aM6µ£va Mtpri ocv XPetO­ ~CTOl VO ccpapµ~ouv TIC: OlOTCl~ClC: TOU ap8pou 4 lTIC: napouoac; Il,\Jq>wviac; VlO TJ1 µ.£TOq>opa Tpoq>iµwv. nou &v npoopil;OVT<ll y10 av8pc.i>m\ll") KOTOVClA<a>OJ1. 'Ap8po 4 1. r10 TJ1 µ.£Taq>opa T<a>v euno8c.i>v Tpocpiµwv nou Ko8opi­ (oVTat OTO napapTl')µOTO 2 KOl 3 Tl1<; napouoac; Il,\Jq><a>viac;, 80 XP'10tµOn01CiT01 o e~on>.10µ6<; nou ovoq>tp£Tat OTO 6p8po 1 TJ1C: napouoac; I:uµq,wviac;, £KT6<; ov 0t BcpµOt<pooiec; nou . ovaµtvoVTat KOTO TJ1 01apKc1a TJ1C: µ.£TOq>opac;, K08tOTouv auTl')v lT)V npoun68cori ipavcpa µ11 ovayKaia VlO TOu<; OKO­ nouc; aolT)pf'locwc; TJ1C: BcpµOt<pooiac; nou Ko8opil;cTat oi-a napapTl')µoTa 2 KOi 3 TJ1C: nopouoac; Iuµq,wvioc;. O c~orw 0µ6<; 8a £mMY£TOl KOi 8a XPl")OlµOn01£iT01 KOTQ Tp6no c.i>oTe va lT)pOUVTOl Ol OW9"'Kec; 8&pµOKpaoiac; nou np~nOVTOl o· auro TO napapTl')µOTO Ko8' 6>.ri lTl 040pK&IO TJ1<; µero<p~. AK6µ1"), 8a A'l<P8ouv 6>.o TO KOl'OAAr)Aa µtTpa, el&K6TEpa OXCTIKQ µ.£ TJ1 BcpµOl<paoio T<a>V Tpocpiµwv KOTQ TO XP6VO TJ1C: <POPT<ix1ewc; KOi 6oov aq,opa TJ1V ~11 µe nayo KOl TJ1V CK vtou ~11 OlT) Ol0pK£IO TOU TO~lOU l'l aAAec; QVOYKai£C: epyooi£<;. nap'6,\o OUTCl, 0t OlOTQ~ClC: TJ1<; napouoac; napaypaq,ou 8a txouv eq,apµoYl'l µ6vo, eq,· 6oov ocv civat offi4.ll3i{3aOTCc; µe nc; &£9veic; OCOµ&UOEIC: OTO 8tµo T<a>V OIE9v<i>v µ£TOq>op<i>v nou npoKumOUV VlO TO Iuµl3aM6µevo Mtp11 j360E1 loXUOU­ oc.i>v ouµj3oocwv KOTO TO xp6vo atoric; oe 1axu TJ1C: napouoac; Iuµq><a>viac; "' 1360E1 Ouµj3aOE<a>V nou TIC: unOK08tOTOUV. 2. Av OTJ1 OlapKClO TJ1<; µ£Taq>opac; ouµq><a>va µe TJ1V napouoa Il,\Jq><a>vio &v TJ1Pl'}8o(Jv Ol ooro~eic; TJ1<; napa­ ypaq,ou J TOU nap6VT<><: ap8pou, (o) TO Tp6q>tµO O&V 8a µnopouv VO OIOTC80UV OTO t&l<p<><; Iuµf3a>.>.6µevou Mtpouc; µ£TO TJ1V o>.OIW')pwo11 lTlc: IJCTO­ q>opac;, CKT6<; ov Ol apµ~IEC: apxtc: OUTOU TOU Iuµj3aM6 µ.£VOU Mtpouc; Kptvouv 6n ~€TOI npoc; TIC: emTaytc; TJ1C: oriµ6moc; uyeiac; vo e~oumoi5oTl')oouv µ10 T£TOlO &aBcori KOi £KT6c; av Ml")p<a>8ouv Ol 6p0l £K£iVOI TOll<; onoiouc; OWOT6V VO emouvaipow Ol apxtc: OTl")V £~OUOloo6TJ10l") KOTQ Tl")V X0pf'lY'1of'l TJ1C: KQt (13) K68c Il,\Jj3aAA6µevo Mtpoc; µnopci, Myw T<a>v onat­ Tl')oewv TJ1C: oriµ60loc; uycioc; l'l ((l)()npocpu>.o~T)C: KOl eq>' 6oov TOUTO ocv OVTU<.ClTOl OTIC: a>.>.ec; OIC0vcic; OCOµ.£UOetC: nou ovoq,tpoVTot OTJ1V TCAEUToio q>paOJ1 TJ1C: nopaypaq,ou 1 TOU nap6vToc; ap8pou, vo onoyopeoo TJ1V cioooo Tpoq>iµ<a>v OTO toocp6<; TOU "' VO KOTOoTl')OCl auTl')v TJ1V ciooi5o unOKciµeVI") oc 6n0touc; 6pou<; µnopci va Ko8opioet. 3. ILW6p<P<,l>Ol1 . µc TIC: OtOTQ~etc; TJ1C: napaypaq>ou 1 TOU nap6vT<><; ap8pou 8a onatTJ18ei on6 Tou<; µeTOq>opcic; VlO µio8wµo l'l aµO!M µ6vo cq,· 6oov txouv ova>.Qf3£1 vo no­ paaxouv unripcoiec; nou onOOKonouv OTJ1V ~ooq>a,\1011 Tt­ T0tac; ouµµ6pcpworic; KOi ov oUTl'l 11 ouµµ6P<P<oorl e~opTOTOl on6 TJ1V CKTt>.eori £Kciv<a>v T<a>v um,pcmc.i>v. Av aMo np6 owna, eiTC 6Toµo eiTC vOµtKa np6owno, txouv ovaMl3£t vo napaaxow ull11Peoi.e:c; nou onQOKonouv omv e~oocpa,\tori Ol,\Jµopq><i>oewc; np<><; TIC: OlOTCl~ClC: TJ1C: napouoac: Iuµq><a>­ vioc;, 8a onatTJ18ci va &ooq><woouv auTl')v Tl1 ouµµ6p!p(l)OJ1, ecp· 6oov e~apT6T01 on6 TJ1V CKTt>.eori TWV unripcmc.i>v nou txouv ava>.6'3c1 vo napaaxow. 4. ITJ1 Ol0pK£lO TJ1C: µ.£TOq>opac; 'I) onola un6Ketrot OTIC: OlOTa(etc; TJ1C: napouooc; Il,\Jq><a>vioc; KOl VlO lT)V onoi.o TO oriµeio cpopT<ix1ewc; J3piOK£TOl OTO tooq><><; Iu~6µevou Mtpouc;, TJ1V eu8UVI") y10 Ol,\Jµ6pq><a>OJ1 np<><; TIC: an01Tl')oe1c; Tl1C: napaypacpou 1 Tou nap6VT<><: ap8pou 8a lTJV txei. µ.£ TJ1V cmq>UAO~T) T<a>V OlOTCl~£(1)V TJ1C: napaypaq>ou 3 TOU nap6vToc; ap8pou, OTl")V ncptmwori • µ.£TOq>opac; µ.£ µio8wµo ri aµcxM, To np6owno, aroµo I') voµtK6 np6owno, TO onoi.o civ01 o onooTOMac; TJ1C: O~q><a>VO µe TO tyypacpo TJ1<; µ£Taq>opac;, f'l, oe onouoio cyypaq>ou µeTaq>opac;, ro np6owno, ciTC 6ToµO citt voµlK6 np6owno, TO onoio txet OUVCllJlet TO ouµf36>.010 µ.£TOq>opac; µ£ TO µ.£TOq>opta, 0£ a>.>.ec; nepmT<i>oelC: TO np6owno, eiTC np6KetTOl YlO 6Toµo ciTC yI0 voµtK6 np6owno, TO onoio CKtt>.ei TI") µ.£­ Toq>opa. Keq>a,\010 Ill ~IAc!>OPEI ~IATA=EII 'Ap8po 5 Ot c5iaTa~et<: T'1C: nopouoac; Iuµ<P<,i>viac; ocv 8a txouv E<l>HMEPII: THI: KYBEPNHI:EOI: (TEYXOI: nPOTO) eq,apµoYl'I 0& µ&Taq>optc; µ& eµnopwµaTOK$<ima 610 ~llpa<; xwpic; &Kq>6pT<OOT} Twv eµnopruµaTwv eq,· 6oov OUT1'i 11 µ&Taq>op<i TIP°'lYDTOI l'I OKOAou8ci ea>.00010 &anAouv, &KT6c; • an6 TOV 8aM0010 6tanAouv nou avaq,q>£Tat OTO ap0po 3, napaypaq,oc; 2 Tll<; napouoac; Iuµq>wvia<;. 'Ap0po 6 1. Ka8c Iuµl3GM6µ£vo Mtpoc; 9a AOµj3av&t 6Aa TO KO . T6AA11AO µtTpa ytO lTl ~IOOq,aAIOT\ Tll<; Tl'\Pl10T\<; TWV &OTQ~(l)V lTl<: napOUCJ<l<; Iuµq,wviac:;. 0t apµ6fu:<; &OIKl111Kt<; lJTlTlp&oiE~ T(l)V Iuµj3aM6µ£vwv M&p<i>v 9a lTlPOUV 11 µta lTlV aMrl £Vl\µ£P11 YIO TO Y£VlKQ µtTpa nou ~VOVTOI yt' aur6v TO OKOn6. 2. Av I~6µ£vo Mtpoc; ovaK<WJll)£t napa'3<JOT\ nou ty1v£ an6 np6owno nou 6taµtve1 OT'lV &lllKpaT&ta aAAou • IuµJ3a>J.6µ£vou Mtpouc;, l'I &ntj3<i).£1 n0tv1'1 c:I OUT6 TO np6 owno, 11 &oiK110T\ TOU np<i>Tou Iuµt30M6µ£vou 9a &V'lµ&p<i>v~­ nc; &OU<TITU<t<; U"11p&oi£<; TOU aAAou Iuµl3aM6µ&vou YIO lTlV avaKOAtJ<P8cioa napaj3aOT\ Kat yIa lTlV &n$Al18&ioo n0tvl'1. 'Ap0po 7 Ta Iuµ13aM6µ£va Mtp11 &OlTlpOlJV TO &Kaiwµa VO ou­ vamow 6tµ£p&ic; l'I TIOAUµ&p&ic; ouµq,wvi&c:; npoc; TO OKOn6 6nwc; 0t 61aT0~&1<: nou txouv &q,apµoYl'I 0& &1&K6 ~on>.toµ6 Kru 01 ~t0Ta~&1<: nou txouv &q,apµoYl'I yia lTl 8&pµOKpaoia OT'lV onoia XP&1al;E:Tru va 6taT11POUVT01 op1oµtva Tp6<piµa OTll 6tapK&1a TOU Ta~161ou µnop&l &161K6T&pa Myw &~1K<i>v KAtµOTOAOYIK<i>V ow8r)Kci>V, VO &ivru mo OUOT'lpt<; an6 &K&iv&c; nou npo(3>.tnoVTm OT'lV nopouoa Iuµq,wvia. AUTt<; 01 61a­ T6~&1c; 9a txouv &q,apµoVli µ6vo o& 61£8v&ic:; µ&Taq,optc; µ&Ta~u Iuµl3aAA6µ£vwv M&p<i>v nou txouv ouvolj.1£1 6tµ£p&i<: i'I no>.uµ&p&ic:; ouµj3ao&1c; 6nwc; avaq,tp&TOI OTO nap6v ap0po. Aurtc; 01 ouµq,wvi&c; 9a &~oVTru OTO rcv1K6 rpaµµaTto TWV Hvwµtvwv E8vci>v, 0 OTioio<; 9a n<; KOIVOTIOt.E:i OTO Iu~6µ£va Mtp11 Tll<: napouoac; Iuµq,wviac;, TO onoia &v txouv unoypalj.1£1 nc:; napanovw ouµq,wvi£c:;. 'Ap0po 8 H ~ Tl'IPT'IOT\ Twv 610To~&u>v lTl<: napouoac; Iuµq,wviac; &v 9a &"'lp&~&I £iT£ TTIV unap~ll &IT& lTlV &VKlJP6lTlTO ouµl30>.aiwv nou txouv ouvaq,8&i yIa lTlV &KTtAEOT\ lTl<; µ&TOq>opa<;. K&q><MOIO IV TEAIKEI .6IATA=EII 'Ap8po 9 1. Kp6TT1 µtA11 T11<: 01Kovoµ1Kr'}c: EmTpom'}c; yia lTlV Eup<i>"'l Kat KpolTl nou ty1vav OCKTa OT'lV EmTponl'I o& ouµj3ou1'£UTIKTJ ~16lTlTO µ& lTlV nopaypaq,o 8 • T(l)V 6pwv lTl<: EnlTpOnl'I<: µnopouv va yivouv Iuµl3GM6µ&va Mtpri lTl<: napouooc:; Iuµq,wviac:;: , (a) unoypaq>oVTac:; oUTl'lv • (13) tTUKupci>VOVTa<; QUlT)V, Oq>OU lTlV unoypallJ<)uv µ& lTlV &mq>UAO~ll lTl<: &TUKUp<i>o&u><;· rJ (y) npooxwp<i>VTO<; o· OUTTJV. 2. KpolTl TO onoia µnopci VO µ&TtXOUV 0£ op1oµtv&<; 6PQOTllPt6lTltt<: Tll<: 01Kovoµ1Kl'J<: EmTpom'}c:; yia lTIV Eup<i>"'l ouµq,wva µ& lTlV napaypaq><> II Twv 6pwv avaq,opac:; lTl<: EmTponr'}c: µnopouv VO yivouv Iuµl3aM6µ£va Mtp11 lTl<: napouoa<; Iuµq,wviac:; npOOX,wp<i>VTO<; o· OUlT) µ&TO lTl 8tOT\ lTl<; 0£ IO)(U. 3. H napouoo Iuµq,wvia 8a &ivru ovoum'I VIO unoypa<p!'I µtXPI lTlV 3111 Ma'iou 1971• n&p1Aaµj3avOl,ltV11- M&ro, 8a civOl OVOIKlT) VIO npoox<i>p110T\ 4. H &TllKtJPWOTI !'I 11 npoox<i>p110T\ 8a yiV&TOI µ& KOT08c0ll opyavou OTO f&VlK6 rpaµµarta Twv Hvwµtvwv E9v<i>v. 'Ap8po 10 1. On0to&'ITIOT& KpaTo<; µnopci KOTQ TO XP6vo lTl<: u­ noypaq>l'lc:; lTl<: napouoac; Iuµq,wviac:; x<A>Pi<: &mcpuA~ll we; npo<; lTlV £n1Kupwor) !'I lTlV KOT08&01'\ TOU opyavou TOU &TIIKup<i>o&w<; " npooxwpl'la&wc:;" OTIOTroT}TIOT& OTll owtx&10 VO ~llAWO&l µ& yvw0Ton001011 npoc; TO r &VU<6 r paµµaTta TWV Hvwµtvwv E9v<i>v 6n 11 Iuµq>~ia ~v· tx&1 ·cq,apµoVli o& µ&Taq>optc; nou &v&pyouVTOl o& on0t001'lnott l'I 0& OUYK&Kpiptva on6 TO &M<1>11. nou j3ptOKOVTOl t~w an6 lTlV Eup<i>"'l, Av 11 yvwOTOTIOUlOT\ nou npoavoq,tp&TOl yiv&1 µ&To lTl 8tOT\ O& loXU lTlC: Iuµq>wviac:; O& oXtOT\ µ& TO KpaTo<; nou yvwOTon01£l 9a nooo, &v&vl'IVTa 11µtp&c; µ&Ta lTlV 11µcpoµ11via KaTa Tll" onoia o r&v1K6c; rpaµµoTtac:; 9a tx&1 napOAaj3&1 lTl yYWOTOTIOtllOT\, VO tx&1 &q,apµOYl'I O& µ&TOq>op<i OTO tooq,oc; 1' TO &Mq,11, nou avaq>tpoVTat o' • auTl'I lTl yvWOTOTIOlllO'l· • 2. On0tool'1nOT& KpaTo<; TO onoio tx&t KOV&I ~r)A<OOT}, ouµq,wva µ& lTlV napaypaq>o 1 TOU nap6VToc; ap8pou, µnop&i OTIOT&&')noT& OTll ouvtx&lQ VO orJAWOCI µ& VVWOTOnoii;011 anw8uv6µ&V11 OTO rr,viK6 rpaµµarta Twv Hvwµtvwv E8v<i>v 6n 11 Iuµq,wvla 8a txc1 . &q>apµoVli ot µ&Taq>optc; nou &KT&AOUVTOl ot tooq,oc; avaq>cp6µ&vo OT11·0 yvu>OTonoir)011 lTl OUVTayµtV11, ouµq,wva µ& lTlV napaypaq>o.1 Tou nap6VToc; ap0pou, KOl 8a KOTOOTci &q>apµooita O& µ&Taq>optc:; o· &KCiVll lTlV &nlKpaT&lO &KOT6V oyMVTO 11µtp&c:; µ&TO lTlV llµ&p0µ11via KaTa lTlV onoia o r&VIK6<; rpaµµaTtac:; tAaj3€ &KciVll lTl yvwoTOnOillOT\· 'Ap8po 11 1. H napouoa Iuµq,wvio 8a tt8&i, o& Iaxu tvo xp6vo an6 lTlV unoypaq>Jl lTl<: an6 TO ntVT& KpaT11, nou avaq,t­ poVTOI OTO ap8po 9, napaypaq,o 1, xwpic; &mq>UAO~ll YIO lTlV &TUKtJP<OOTJ ii lTlV KQT08&011 T(l)V opyavwv &TUKUp<i>o&u><; 1' npooxwpl'10&wc:;. 2. Avaq,op1Ka µ& on0to&;noT& KpaToc; TO onoio &nu<.up<i>v&1 i'I npooxwpci OT'lV napo(Joa Iuµq>wvia µ&Ta lTlV unoypaq,ri Tll<: on6 ntvT& KpalTl, xwpic:; &mq,u>.a~11 we:; npoc; lTlV • &TIIKUl)Wol'I lTlC: l'I lTlV KQT08&011 T(l)V opyavwv &mKUp<i>o&wc:; l'I npooxwpl'lo&u><:, 11 napouoa Iuµq>wvio 8a Ti8cT01 0& Ioxu tva XP6vo µ&Ta lTlV KOTa8&0T\ an6 TO npoavaq,&p6µ&vo Kp6To<; .Tou opyavou TOU &mKup<i>o&u><; r'I npooxwpi'lo&u><;. 'Ap8po 12 1. On0too1'nott Iuµj30AA6µ&vo Mtpoc; µnopci vo KOTay­ y&iM:I lTlV napouoa Iuµq>wvia naptxoVTac:; yvWOTon001011 lTlC: KOTayy&Aiac:; OTO r&VlK6 rpaµµorta T(l)V Hvwµtvwv E8v<i>v. ·2. H KOTayy&>.ia 9a apxil;&1 va loXll&l wantvT& µl'lv&c:; µ&TO lTlV 11µ&poµ11via ICQTQ lTlV onoia o f&VIK6c; rpaµµaTtac:; Aaj3&1 lTlV &IOOTIOUlO'l KOTOyy&>.ia<;. • l'~vo µ£ mv arroq,a011 rrou rrapBtpce arro mv Emrpcmr) Eawr&pucciJv Msraq,opci)v C1TT/ rp,OKOOTTj uuvo&J alJTT)<;. ·I.Jolqo110Ql3 1,J.>nXdo Alll 3rl 1.Jo1Xo 30 10l.J\011~9odu no11 'A(!)Allrt 1'.31 A<'ll no291d311 ::illl l.1)1,ly tu 9110 l\(!)Allrt ~1\1\3 ortluor;,12 Q)OAOdX 30 00~ llolqo11011od.1. l.lA3T1QA13.lodll I\Ul DIA l.lol.ldd).1./\:> 13'(1;)90110 OJ\ 'no.1. l,aXOQOUO Alu ~.LOrlrtodJ Q)OJ\3J 01.0 1301,110110.1..0(l)M l3X1 "32 J\OOQd>3· 'J3dour1 'nodedQ !>ol.J\QdoU no.1. (9) l od>odAQdou Al.ilo 10.1.3U~god11 !)(l)u9 'l.lol.lJouOQ13 01.1.ortrtodJ Q)OJ\3J 01.0 130Q91901Q !>od11N oA3r1QY'(08rtn3: 0.1. "V ·c ·no.1. od(!)X luo J38(1)d lrtU)l3 AnoX1 A32 l,IXOQOuo Alll Al,1.1.no .1A 1od9 lOJO~OAO 10 'lloo.1.<;>du Alu J38X3Q OJ\ llo309du 13X1 nou oyqdou 'UQ (9) l,a 'llolqououod.1. l.lA3r1QA13.l.odu Alu olA llol.ldd).l.J\o 13X1 UQ (o) :01.1.ort rtodJ Q)OJ\3j 0.1. 1301,tdod>odl.lyu OJ\ ]3dourt !>Od1Vi Ol\3r1Qy yogrtnI 3.1.0111,lQOlOUO •~.1.ortrtod J Q)OJ\3 J 0.1.0 10.1.3)Q919 OIQ 1.Jol.110uo11od.1. l.lA3r1QA13lod11 LI 010110 Alu QlO)I OJAllrtod 3r1l.l I\Ul Q.1.311 'A(!)Al.lrt 1'.31 orll.1.1.0QIQ Q)OJ\OdX 30 001V'4 ·i ·!,O}J\(l)d>rtnI !>oOl)Odoll !>l.il i !>od>odAr;>dou '6 Od9dQ 0.1.0 10l.J\od1d>OJ\O no11 'A(!).lod)I A(l)'('(Q A(l)l J\(l)'(Q lM11Q11n 13110 01 08 10)1 lld1Vi OA3f1QyyogrinI 0.1. OYQ 30 ]310110/\10)1 0.1. 08 !>oJOUO O 'A(!)/\83 J\(l}J\1f1<1>AH J\(1).1. 01.1.ortrtod J Q)OJ\3 J 01.0 10.1.3)Q918012 08 !>ro:3o l,nouo11od.1. !>l.lA3r1QA13.lodu 3lOUl,ag0010110 Ol\3"J3)1 OJ. "!>OJA (l)d,rtnI !>OOl)Odoll !>tu !>130l,11ouo11od.1. !>3d3lQOOld311 l,a DJrt 131\]3.l.odU DJ\ J3dollrt ::iod1t, OA3r1QyyogrinI 310111,aQOIOUQ • i 8C odedv. "l !>od>odAQdo11 '6 odedQ OA3r1Qd 3d>OAoodll 0.1. 3r1 OJ\(l}d)A)o 'lld1Vi DA3r1QY'(08rinI J31.0D.l.0)1 MOX1 no11 '!>3d(!)X !>u 10)1 !>(!)eD)I '!>DJA(l}d,rtlI !>oOl)Odoll !>tu ~ !>od>odAl;><m11 '6 odedQ 010 101Aod1d>DAD no11 '!>3d(!)X !>u !>3YQ nod9dQ !>ol.J\Qcfoll 001 130Q{I UJ\3ft;IOYQ>Wl0 lutl3)IOQ1Q 310111,1Qo10110 30 J3YD>IOOdu oe !>01.1.ortrtodJ !>Q)OJ\3J o ·c ·l.1,113)10Q12 U 13/\JA DJ\ 10.l.13l1Qdll DJOUO Alu Q.1.D)I 'DJAltr1od311ll Alu QUD Aldu !>3Al,lr1 !>13Ch QllD Od3.l.QAty lXQ lld1Vi OA3r1QyyogrinI 0.1. DYQ !>odu 'J\(1)30Q.l.Odll J\(1).1. J\(!l.l.nD OJ\3"J3)1 0.1. 3r1 !~ 'lutl3)1QQlQ lll 01A ll)DlQlQ DIOl,ad3r1l.& 1,1A1drooodu Alu 1301,ldod>o'()lfl)I 08 !>01.1.ortrtodJ !>Q)OJ\3j Q ·l.ton3Y1MO l.& 130Q.1.3)3 DJ\ .N)OITI81U3 !>310110 !>u !>130Qlodll !>u 'A(!)Al.&rt l\(!)ld.l OOU.l.OQIQ Q)OJ\odX 30 DO~ MO'NQ90110 DJ\ 130~)1 0.1. 08 10)1 l.&d1Vi DA3f1QY'(08rtn3: 0.1. D'(Q Q)IU3XO 1301,11011 OQ13 08 !>D1ll)r1rtodJ !>Q)OJ\3j O 'OOdedQ !>ol.J\Qcfoll 00.1. i nod>QdAodo11 !>lu. l,1Aortdod>3 30 l.ton3Y1Mo J30l.&yl1Ano AV ·i . . ·ortluJO 0.1.0 00.1. 1µ)31\JOMO l.il 1301,noUO.l.O(l)M J\32 A{!)d3Vi J\(l}l\3f1QY'(08rinI 1\(1).1. 00.1.Jd.l !>Q/\3 00.1. Od3.l.QA1y IXQ 'D1.lortrtod J Q)M3 J 0.1. QllD !)(1)30l,no11oq13 !>tu t:J!Al.&r1od311l.& Alu QllD J\(!)Alar1 l\(OOQO :.03.1. OOU.1.0Ql2 Q)ModX 30 DO~ 'AD 01J.Ortrtodj Q)M3J 01 QUD ~ l,a)IUUd<i>3eDJ\D 1Dl!3'(D>Wl0 08 11))1 001.ilJO 01 3rl Q)IU3Xo l.&d1t, DA3r1QyyogrinI Dl D'(Q J310110Ql3 08 !>D1.l. ortrtod J !>Q'lM3 J o ·!>t:J!A(l}d,r1nI !>D.ot:JOctou :,tu !>ro:3ol,ad(l)3e DJ\D QllO)IO 01 !>odu !)(l)~)IODIQ I.JoU'(>W)O l.il 1301,allQ DJ\ '"<!'"83 A(l)J\~AH 1\(1)1 D1.1.Drtrlod J Q)OJ\3 J 01 !>odu llolqo1101.0 {f)M 3r1 'J3doUr1 ::iod1t, OA3r1QyyogrinI 3.l.0111,aQOlOllO 'Dll\Qd)( OJdl ]113 !>DJA(l)d,r1nI !>oo,:ioctou !>tu l)Xo1 Alu Ql3Vi 'i H odedv. "t:J!A(l)d)r1nI DOQOcfoll Alu 3r1 Q)IIOOd>DAD ID.l3111cillU3 08 "32 la~Dyr:idn113 o,rto)I 'oodedQ !>ol.J\QdDu 001 i od>odAQdou Al.ilo m13U~du nou 'l.&'.3owd>ru3 Alll llo3dJ0)3 3Vi ·c '''A<!>J\83 A(l)A1f1<i,I\H 1\(1)1 01.1.ortrtod J 0.1. ::iod11 llolqouo.l.O(l)/\A 3rl la)Dyr:id>tl13 J\Ul 13dQ 01\ 310lll,ag310110 }300llr1 'oodedQ !>ol.J\Qdo11 001 ~ od>odAQdou Alu 3rl DA(l)d)rt,:w 'la)owd>ru3 30 l.&91odu OJOllO 01 '!>od11N OJ\3r1Q~I 310111,aQOIOllQ 'l ·l.&)D¥:Jd>W3 010.1.11 3Y09rt1ctou OJOUO 01 !>od1Vi 0A3r1Q'C(D9rln1 310111,lQ 010110 !>od11 1.Jo1Xo 30 !>nod>QdADdo11 !>u !>1.1.no 9110 10.l.J\ ()()3r103Q 08 1\32 l.&d1t1 DA3r1Q~I DYYQ 01 "!>O}J\rod>rtnI !>DOl)Odoll !>lll C 10)1 l 1ochodAQdo11 'g ~ odedQ 01 QllD Ol\3r1Q n3f103Q 001 QlOD3 J\01 J3d<n38 1\32 UQ 13.o<!)yl.JQ OJ\ '!>OJA(l)d> rtn3: !>DOl)OdOU !>lll !>ro:3ol,adcr>Xoodu l,a '!>ro:30<!)dn)l1l13 '!>l,ad> DdA011n OAQdX 0.1. Q.1.D)I 13dourt '!>o.1.Qd>1 310111,lgo1ouo • ~ si ooedv. ·Qdod>DIQ U.1.0 10.ll\OX1A3 no11 ud11N DA3r1Q'('{09rln1 D.l olA l,a)llln3f1032 IOJ\J3 08 'od>DdAQdD11 l.lA3rtl)OAlaodu Alu 3r1 DJ\(l)d>n:io 0/\D)ll.ilo Jdo12 no11 A(!)lUllDIQ 1\(1).1. l,a l,all.il1012 no1 llood>Q11D H ·c • !)(1)30Qch OUD UO<>g~ DlA Qdod>DlQ la J39chrl3UDcfoU 08 OJOUO 1\01.0 'l,all.il101Q 0/\1 130JdO DJ\ l\(!)/\83 J\(l)l\1J1(1)1\H 1\(1).l D1.l.Drtrtod J Q)OJ\3 J 0.1. QUD 1301,1.1.l.&) DJ\ J3dourt l.&d1Vi D.l Q.l.OD QUD 3.1.0Ul,IQOIOUO 0/\(!).ll.illOIQ l,a f)0.1.1.illOIQ l,lAO'(IU3 Alu 3r1 Q)IU3XO MOOl,l/\(l)d>rtno DI\ Moo1dourl l\3Q Qdod>DIQ l.&.1.0 10l.J\OX1A3 oou l.&d1t1 Dl: 'o;olu1012 DlA !)(1)301,1110 !>1.u OJAl.&rlod311lJ Alu QllO !>3Al,arl !>13d.l 30 DO~ l\'tf 'J\(!ld3t, J\(l)l 1\(1)1\!3)13 Q)D.1.3f1 DJJ\(l)chmo 3f1lDl.J\OArou308 0011 '!>1.1.tu1012 !>nod3.l.QOOld3U l,a DJ\1 30 DAOYQJ\D lD.l.3'NQ90Un 08 10)1 'Qdod>o12 tu 3r1 1.Jo1Xo 13X1 oou 'l.&d1t, DA3r1QyyogrinI Dl QUD 3.l.OUl,aQ010110 1301,1.1. la~ 0.1. J\D 'D]Ol.ilm12 30 ID.l3'('(Q90Un 08 '!>13.0f)31Dr1Aodu012 3r1 lDlJ3.1.38rl312 l\3Q DJOllO I.I Qdod>D12 3.l.Olll,&2010110 'l ·!)no.1. Q)Dl3f1 !>13.0f)3.l.or1A0011DIQ 3r1 Q.1.DMQ 0.1. Q.1.D)I lD.l.)3.1.3803'2 08 '!>0)/\(l)d)rtnI !>DOl)Odoll !>l.il l,1Aor1 dod>3 l,a DJ3Alartd3 Alu Qdod>D 0011 'l\(!)d3Vi A(l)A3f1Q'('{09rln1 J\(l}d31Q001d311 l,a 01)2 Q)Dl3r1 Qdod>DIQ 310111,aQDIOllQ • ~ gi odedv. ,.-. ~ -., I ·!>oo,:iocto11 !>l.il 'li Od9dQ 0.1. 3f1 DA(l)d>r11;lo 'Dl3.l.Qd)l1113 Alu UJ\J3>13 3r1 1.Jo1Xo 30 Ql.OldroX DJA(l)d)rtlI l.il 13'(!3MD.1.D)I DI\ J3dOllr1 'Ol\081)3110 101\]3 !>DJOllO !>l.il !>1301Xo !>J31\831Q !>U DIA 'D13.l.Qd)I W3 Dlrl 30 ~.l.00rldoch3 DJA(l)d>ITII DO,;iodDll Alu Ql018D)I no11 'nod9dQ !>ol.J\Qdoll 00.1. i od>odAl;><m11 Alu 3r1 DA(l)d)r11;lo 'I.Jo(l)yl,ag 13/\Q)I 13X1 OJOllO 0.1. !>o.l.Qd)I 310111,agolOllQ 'l ·,;iXo1 30 !>l.il I.Jo19 l.il QllD 'QX01 30 !3831 lir1Q)l0 13X1 "32 D!l\(l)d>MI l.& 001f1la Alu UJ\]3>13 I\D 'l,a 01.1.DrtrtodJ Q)OJ\3j 01 QllD !>l.lolaJOllO.l.O(l)M !>l.il l.ltfll,ay l.il Ql3f1 ~IJ l,aloo)l4"31\3 Alu QllD llolJJOllO.l.O(l)M U.1.0 ID.l.l\od1d>DI\D no11 !>313.1.Q<00113 !>u l,a 01a1Qd)l1l13 Alu 01A l,lAort dod>3 13X1 08 t:J!Arod>MI DOQOdou H "OJ\ll003UO IDI\J3 OJ\]3>13 !>olQd)f 01 l\(l)JOllO 1\(1)1 !>1301Xo !>J3J\831V !>u DlA '!)313.1. Qd)l1113 !>u QllD alOlll,agDIOllO l,a !>3YQ 30 l,1Aorldod>3 13X1 08 D}Aflld>!TII DOf)Odoll la UQ A(!l/\83 1\(1)1\~I\H Afl).l 01.1.Drtrtod J Q)OJ\3 J 01 !>odu lal\3riQAfl803llD ltolqollO.l.O(l)M 3r1130<!)yl.JQ DJ\ Dl13llp.3r1 3.1.0111,123.l.OllO l,a !>ro:3ol,adcr>Xoodll l,a ~)11113 00.1. 001\QAdo 00.1. llo38Q.l.D)I Alu l,a ltoo>df;i)l1l13 Alu ::iod11 !)(I) la)D'(,;ichru3 !>Jd(l)X !>D}l\(l)d>MI !>DOl)Odoll :,1.u !>l,ad>odA011 n !>tu 01\QdX 01 Q.1.D)I J3do11r1 !>olQd)I 3.1.0111,aQOlOllQ 'i t~ odedv. ·,;iXo1 30 !>l.il l.&o19 l.il Ql3r1 l\(!)l\lar1 l\(!)X31\00 D>f32(!)2 n<>gQld31J 3.1.0111,aQODIOllO Dl3)1dQlg l.ilo 3l.J\1U A(l).l !>od3.l.Qd)IIJ1 IDAJ3 A{!>d3t, l\(l)l\3f1Qyyogr1nI J\(1).1. !>Qrl91do O AD 'l,1Aor1dod>3 13X1 DI\ 13f)Dll D8 D)J\(l)chr1nI DOQOdoll H E~ odedv. lO.lOdU lOXA3.l) l03lHNd38A>I lH.l lld31/\1HC1>3 lf:I ECJ>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPOTO) 133 4. Av 6fl.l.w8E:i avrippl'}OTJ VIG TTIV npomv6µ£V11 Tpono­ noirtOTJ, Ol4Jq>WVQ µ£ Too<; 6pouc; TWV riapayp6!p(l)V 2 KQl 3 . TOU nap6VTOC: ap8pou, fl TpoTTOTTOll'lOTJ 8a 8ewpciTQI 611 &v tx£1 yiv£1 anootKUI KQl &v 8a tx£1 Eq>apµoYl'l. 5. Av &v txEt l>l'}Aw8E:i avripp110TJ OTTIV npomv6µ£V11 Tpononoi'10T), Ol4,l!p(l)VQ µe TIC: napayp6q>ouc; 2 KQl 3 TOU nap6vTOc; ap8pou, 11 TponOTTOl'lOTJ 8a 8cwpciTGI 611 txEI yiv£1 anol>eKUI KaTa TTIV 11µepoµ11via nou opiq:TQl napaK6Tw: • (a) av Kavtva IuµJ3aM6µevo Mtpoc; &v txEt oTci>.Et £1oonoiriOTJ OTO rEV1K6 rpaµµalta, ouµq>wva µe TTIV nap6 ypaq>o 2(J3) TOU nap6VToc; ap8pou, OTTI Ar}('l TTIC: nepi6oou Twv ~1 µl'}v<i>v, nou avaq>tpeTGl OTTIV nap6ypaq>o 2 TOU nap6VToc; ap8pou· (J3) av tva TOUAOXIOTO I~6µevo Mtpoc; txEI oTci>.Et ElOOTTOU,OT) OTO r&VIK6 rpaµµalta~ OUµ!p(l)VQ µe TTIV nap6 ypaq>o 2(J3) TOU nap6VTOC: ap8pou, OTTIV Evwpin:p11 an6 TI(: Mo napaKOTW '111£P0µ'1W:C:: OTTIV fl!J£P0µ'1Via KQTQ TTIV onoia 6>.a TQ IuµJ3a>..>.6µ£va Mtp11, Ta onoia toTEtAav TtT01a etoonoir)Oll, txouv n>.11po­ q>op110E1 TO r EVIK6 r paµµalta VIG TTIV an6 µtpouc; TOLJ<; anoooxt'J TTI<; npott1v61,1£V11C: TpononoiriO'lC:, µe TTIV Emq>u­ >.a(11 6µwc; 611, av 6>.E:c; 01 anoooxtc: cixav yvWOTon.01118ei np1v an6 TTI M(l'l TTIC: nep16oou Twv t(1 µriv<.i>v, nou ava­ q>tpoVTat OTTIV nap6ypaq>o 2 TOU nap6vTOc; ap8pou, 11 11µ£poµ11via 8a Eivm EKciVl'l TTIC: >.11(ewc; EK£iV11C: TTIC: nepi6oou· OTTIV 11µepoµ11via >.t')(EWC: TTIC: nEpi6oou Twv Ewta µ11 vci>v, nou avaq>tpOVTQl OTTIV nap6ypaq>o 3 TOU nap6VToc; ap8pou. 6. Ono1al>11noTE Tpononoi110TJ, nou 8ewpeiTru 611 tx£1 yivE1 anol>eKUI, 8a Ti8ETOI OE 1axu t(1 µt')vEc; µ£TO TTIV 11µEpoµl'}via KaTa TTIV onoia 8Ewpt')811K& 611 tV1VE anOOEKUI, 7. 0 rEv1K6c; rpaµµaTtac; 8a TlAllPO(j)Opei TO TQXUTEPO oovaT6 6>.a Ta IuµJ3aM6µ£va Mtp11, av txu 611>.w8ei o­ n01a6t')noTE avTipp110'1 OTTIV npott1v6µ£V11 TpononoirtO'l, ouµ!p(l)va µE TTIV napaypaq>o 2(a) Tou nap6VToc; ap8pou, KQl av tva 11 nepioo6TEpa IuµJ3aM6µeva Mtp11 TOU tOTEIAQV ElOOTTOU,Oll Ol4J<j)WVQ µE TTIV nap6ypaq>o 2(J3) TOU nap6vTOc; ap8pou. Av tva I'} nep1006Tepa Iuµl3aM6µ£VQ Mtp11 TOU tOTEIAQV EIOOTTOUlO'l, ea ElOOTTOIEi OTTI ouvtx£1a 6>.a TQ IuµJ3aM6µEva Mtpri av TO IuµJ3aM6µ£vo Mtpoc; I'} Mtpri, TO onoia txouv OTEi>.Et E16onoi110TJ, npol36Mouv avTipp11011 VIO TTIV npott1v6µEV11 Tpononoi110TJ I'} TTIV anootxoVTru. • 8. AvE(QPTTITa an6 TTI &a61Kaoia TpononouioEwc;, nou K08opil;ETQl OTTIV nap6ypaq>o 1 µtXPI 6 TOU nap6VTOC: ap8pou, Ta napapuiµaTa Kru npooapuiµaTa TTIC: napouoac; Iuµq>wviac; µnopouv va Tponono1118ouv µe ouµq>wvia µETa(u • TWV apµ6&wv &OIKl'}O&WV 6>.wv TWV Iuµf3aM6µEVWV MEpci>v. Av 11 l>1oiK11011 Ev6c; IuµJ3aM6µevou Mtpouc; txEt 611.l.<.i>oE1, 611 ouµq>wva µ£ TTIV &8vtKt'J TOU voµo8eoia ri ouµq>wvia Tou E(apTOTat an6 &161KI'} a6E1a I') an6 TTIV tyKp1011. voµo8£TIKOU q>opta, T1 ouvaiV&Oll QUTOU TOU IuµJ3aM6µ£VOU Mtpouc; mi TTIC: Tpononoir)OT'}c; EV6c; npooapuiµaToc; &v 8a 8cwpeiTru 611 txE1 6o8ei, µtxp1c; 6Tou TO IuµJ3QM6µ&vo Mtpoc; E160 n011')0E1 TO rEV1K6 rpaµµalta 6n fl avaYl(aia a&1a I'} tYKPIO'l txE1 Aflq>8EL H Ol.\JQ>Wvia µE:TQ(U TWV apµ6l>1wv &OlKf)OEWV µnopci va npoJ3>.tne1 6n, OTTI &6pKE1a µ£TaJ3aT1Kt')C: nepi ~. TO ncwa napap1"'µaTG 8a napaµtvouv 0£ IOXU, &V. 6>.w 11 Ev µtpE1, ouyxp6vwc; µ£ Ta vta napapuiµaTG. 0 rEv1K6c; r paµµGTtac; 8a Ka8opil;El TTIV l'}µEpoµl'}viO TTIC: tvap(flC: 1oxuoc; TWV vtwv KElµtvwv, nou npoKumouv an· aUTtc; TIC: Tponon011'}0E1c;. 'Ap8po 19 EKT6c; an6 TTIV KOIVOTTOO'IOTJ npoc; ClUTQ TWV &OOTTOtJ'tOEWV, nou npoJ3>.,tnoVTru OTa ap8pa 17 KOl 18 TTlc: riapouoac; Iuµ!pWviac;, o r£VIK6c; r paµµaTtac; Twv Hvwµtvwv E9v<i>v 8a EIOOTTOl.&i, TQ Kp6TT1, nou avaq>tpOVTQl OTO ap8po 9, napaypaq>o 1 TT1<; napouoac; Iuµ<PWviac; KQl Ta Kp6TT1 nou txouv yivE1 IuµJ3aM6µeva Mtpn, OL4J!p(l)va µe TO ap8po 9, napaypaq>oc; 2;· V1a: (a) nc; unoypaq>tc;, en1Kup<.i>oe1c; Kat npoaxwpt')oe1c; ouµ­ !p(l)va µ£ TO ap8po 9 ° (J3) TIC: T111£P0µflW:C: 8tocwc; OE loXU TTI<; napouoac; Iuµ­ cpwvlac; 1360£1 TOU ap8pou 11" (y) TIC: KOTayye>.i&c;' ouµ!p(l)VQ µe TO ap8po 12 • . (l>) lTl >.i'l(l'l TTIC: napouoac; Iuµq>wviac; Ol4Jq>WVQ µ£ TO ap8po 13· (&) nc; e1Z>on0tt')oc1c; nou txouv N1q>8ci ouµcpwva µe ro ap8pa 10 KQl 14. (OT) nc; 6'1>.<.i>oe1c; KCll E16on011')0E1c; nou txow >.r,q,~i • ouµq>wva µe To ap8po 16, napaypaq,01 1 Kat 2 • w TTI 8t0'1 OE 1oxu on0tao&'inoTE TPOTTOTTOU,OTJC: 1360& Tou ap8pou 18. • . . 'Ap8po 20 M&TO TTIV 31l'} Ma'iou 1971•, TO npwT6TUTTO TTIC: napouoac; Iuµq>wviac; ea KaTaT&8ci OTO rEvlK6 rpaµµalta TWV Hvw­ µtvwv E8vci>v, o onoioc; 8a 61aJ3tl3aoe1 &n1Kupwµtva aKpit3"1 avTiypaq>a o& Ka8tva an6 Ta Kp6TT1, nou avaq>tpoVT01 OTO ap8po 9, nap6ypaq>Ot 1 KQl 2, TTIC: napouoac; Iuq>µwv10c;. IE BEBAIOIH TON nAPAnANO, Ol unoypaµµtvOl, v{>µtµa E(OUOlOOOTT1µ£VOl npoc; TOUTO, untypa~v TTIV napouoa Iuµ!p(l)via. . ErlNE OTTI rEv&lJT1, ot')µepa np<i>TT1 Ierm:µ'3p{ou xwa ev1GK601a £(36oµt')vTG, OE tva avTinmo, OTTIV ayy>.1Kt'), yaAAIKI') KQI pwmKt'J, KQI TO Tpia Kciµeva &IVQI &(ioou YVJlOlQ.' nAPAPTHMA 2 IYN0HKEI 0EPMOKPAIIAI rlA TH METM>OPA TPO<l>IMON IE vnEPKATAWY::l:l KAI. KATA\!JY::H ,,, H u$'}>.6T&Pfl 8epµOKpaoia oe on0tool'}noTE OT)µciO OTO· q>opTio KOTO TI) q>6pTWO'l, OTTI &apt<&IQ Tl)C: µE:Taq>opac;. KOi KOTO TTIV E:Kq>6pTWO'l, &v 8a &ivru µ£ya>.un:pfl an6 ~EIVl'l, nou avayp6q>ETQI napaKOTW VIG K08e Tp6q>tµO. Ev TOUTOlC:, av op1oµtv&c; TEXvtKt~ epyaoi£c;, 6nwc; l'l an~fl TOU ~a£Pwui µT1XGV1K6 ll>LJX<i>µ&vou E(on>.1oµou, npOKa>.to~ ouvTOµl'} avooo Tl£Pl0Pl0µ£Vl'l<: eKTQOTJC: OlTI ~pµOKpaOla Tµt')µaToc; Tou q>opTiou, µ1a avoooc; 8epµOKpa?tac; 6x1 µe­ ya>.UTEpJ'l an6 3° C navw an6 T11 8E:pµOKPQOla, nou ava­ q>tpeTru napaKOTW VIG K68e Tp6q>iµo va yivet aveKUI, naywT6 KQI KaTa\J)UYµtvat ·I'} ·um:pKaTa~µtvo1 o~nUKvwµtvo1 xuµoi q>poUTwv - 20 :c KaTa~va I'} unepKQTQ~VQ q,ClplCl - 18 C ·o>.a Ta >.oma unEpKaTa~µtva ;p6q>iµa - 18 :c BoUTUpo KQI aMa KaTatlRJYµtva >.inn . - 14 C KOTmjJuyµtva cpu8p6 ro<i>&µa napanpo16VTa oq>ayiwv, Kp6KOI auyci>v, nou>.EplK6 KQI, KUVr}VI KaTaqAJyµtvo Kptac; 1 • ·o>.a Ta ~oma KaTa1puyµtva Tp6q>iµa 12 °c 10 °c 10 °c • LLJJ<pwva µ£ TT'/V am:Xpaoi 1 rrou nup6r/K£ ano ~v Emrpom'/ EOWT&plKWV Mciaq>opwv OTT'/V TplaKOO'TT} TT'/, owol>o 134 ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEDI (TEYXOI nPDTO) OIKONOMIKH EnlTPOnH rlA THN EYPnnH EnlITPMH EtnTEPIKllN META•OPnN IYM•nNIA rlA Tit AIE8NEII META.OPEi EYnAenN TPO.IMQN KAI rlA TON El.AIKO E:OnAIIMO nov 8A XPHIIMO­ OOIEITAI rl'AYTEI TII IIETA•OPEI (ATP) 'EVtv& OlTI rcw:u, 111v 1ri Ic~lou 1970 reonono1HIH 1 (Kciµ&vo Twv napap111µaTwv 1 KOl 3 nou a(popouv Tpononoo;oc1c; nou tVtvav anoocKTtC: j3aoet TOU ap8pou 18 111c: Iuµ<Pwviac;) HNQMENA E8NH - NEA YOPKH ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPOTO) AYTIKGTOOTI\OTC TO nap(JpTIUl(I I 91£ 10 napaic:tnw: •-t •naooomua l" OPIIMOI KAI nPOTYnA EIAIKOY E:OnAIIMOY rlA TH MET A•OPA EYnA80N TPO.IMON • 0, OOKtµOOTIKtc; £K9tcmc;, unooeiyµOTO I µtxp, .5 (napapTT)µO I, npooapTT)µO 2), &v avaypaq,OVTOI o·auTO TO tyypa<pO. 135 136 . E<DHMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPQTO) llapapTl'lµa I OPIIMOI KAI nPOTYnA flA EllllKO E=:On/\lIMO 1/ nA TH METM>OPA EYnAeoN TPO<l>IMON 1. Movwµtvoc:; d;orwoµ6<;. EE;orn.10µ6<; Tvu onolou TO oci.lµa 2/ civai KQTQOK&uaoµtvo l,J£ 1,JOVWTIK~ TOlXOlJ<;, Tl6pT£<;, Mnooo KOi 6PO<Pt'l, l,J£ TQ onoia Ol aVTaUaytc:; 8cpµ6T11TOC: 1,J£TOE;u TOU £0WT£f)U(OIJ KOi TOU £(WT£f)U(OIJ TOU ociJµaToc:; µnopd va TIEptOptOTOUV KOT6 Tp6no <.ixm: o ou­ vo>.11(6<; OUVT£A£0Tt')<; 8t:pµora:paT6T11TO<; (OUVT£.\£0Tt')c; K) VQ £1VOI TtTOI<><; <.ixm: 0 £l;on,\ioµ6(; VQ KQTQTOOO&TOI 0£ µia t') 0£ 6MJi an6 nc:; TIQl)QKOTW KOT11YopiE:c:;: IN • KOVOVU(Q µovwµtvoc:; &E;orwoµ6<;..:XQl)QKT11pt(6µ£voc:; an6 OUVT£>.£0Tt') K loov t') µu<p6:r!fo an6 0.7 W/M °C (. 0.6 KCAUH M2 0 c) 1 R • Bap€16 µovwµtvoc:; eE;orwoµ6<;-XaPQKT11P1~6µ£voc:; an6 OWTtUOTt') K ioov t') µu<p6T£f O an6 0.4 W/M 0c (· 0.35 KCAUH M2 0 c 0 op1oµ6<; TOU OUVT£A£0Tt') K, nou anOKOA£iTOI OUVT&­ >.£0Tt')c:; U Ot µ£p1Ktc:; xwpec:;, KOi n&p1ypaq,t') T11C:: µ£8MOU nou 9a . XPT')OlµOTI01116ci via T11 l,JtTP110Tl TOU, • ij[VOVTQI OTO napapTT')µa 2. TOU nap6VT<><; npooapTt')µaTOc:;. 2. lllUX61J£voc:; &E;orwoµ6<;. Movwµtvoc:; d;on>.toµ6<; o onoioc:;, XP11~0.1:t9tci?VTac:;. i;n,vri ~xouc:; (q,uo1K6 nayo, µ& l'J Xulpic; npoo9r'JKT] a>.aToc:;· &uTT')KTtc; n>.ciKtc:;· E;cp6 nayo, IJ£ 11 xwptc:; t>.evxo d;axv<.i>oewc:; uyponouwtva atpia, IJ£ l'J · xwpic:; tM.YX.O. d;aTµiO&<i.>c:;, K.>.n.) tKT6<; an6 IJT'IXOVIKI) t') ·anoppoq>l'locwc:;· µovaoo, &ivai o& 9tOT], 1J£ µtOT] d;wTtpua; 9tpµOKpQoia +30 °c . VO KOT£1360&1 TT') 9tpµoKpaoia &VT6<; TOU K&VOU ~Toe:; KOi OTT') ouvtxc1a va TT') c5tOT11Pll0&1: It + 7 °c TO avci>T£po OTT')V nepimwOT] T11C: KOTT')'{opiac:; A I& -10 °c TO avci>T£po OTT')V n£p!TlTWOT] TT')<; KOT11Yopiac:; 8 I& ...:20 °C TO av<i:lT£po OTT')V ra:piITTWOT] TT')<; KQTT')'{Opiac:; r KOi • It O 0 c TO QVWT&po OTT')V n&piTITWOT] TT')<; KQTT')'{Opiac; b. 1J£ TT') 13<>1't8&10 KQTCIMT')>.wv IJll)KTIKc.i>V OUOIWV KW tE;apTT')µOTWV. 0 eE;orwoµ6<; auT6<; 9a nepi>.aµf36v&1 tva. t') ra:pioo6T&pa l>10µ£pioµaTa ooxcia i; &E;Q1J£vtc:; '{10 TT')v lpUKnKt; ouoia. Ta npoavaq,ep6µ£va c5tQµ£pioµaTa, ooxcia t') &E;01,J£vtc:; 8a: Eivw ot 9tOT] va ytµil;oVTw t') va E;avaycµ~oVTai an6 t(W"KQI 'E.xouv XWPT]TIK6TT')TQ, ·ouµq,wva µ£ nc:; l>1aT6E;e1c:; TOU napapTt')µaToc:; 1, npooapTt')µaToc:; 2, nap6ypaq,oc:; 34. 0 OUVTtUOTt')c:; K tE;on>.ioµou TWV KQTT')'{Op1c.i>v 8 KOi r 8a civai o& K69t ra:pimwon iooc:; T'} µ1Kp6Ttpoc:; an6 0.4 WIM2 °C (· 0.35KCAUH M2" °C). 3. M11xaV1K6 1VJX61,J£voc:; &E;on>.10µ6<;. Movwµtvoc:; eE;o­ n>.toµ6<; ciT£ &q,0010oµtvoc:; 1,J£ &KT°l TOU lpUKTIKI) OUOKtur'), t') tE;UTIT]ptTOUIJ£VOC:: µa(i 1J£ a>.>.tc:; µov6&c:; µ£TOq>OptKOU eE;on>.ioµou IJ£ TtT0ta ouOKtur'), (µov6oo µT]xavucou o~nl£ 0Tt'), µovaoo ·anoppoq,t')oewc:;·, K.>.n.). H OUOK&ur') 9a civat o& 9tOT'), IJ£ µtOT] &E;wT£1)U(t') 8&pµOKpaoia +30 °c, va KQT£~£1 T11 9t:pµOKpaoia µtoo OTO K&V6 o<i>µa KOi tn&tTQ vo TT') &aTT')Pci ouvtxc10 1J£ TOV OK6>.ou8o Tp6no: • IT11v nepimWOTJ Twv KOTTJyoplc.i>v A, B KW r, on0tCWf'lnorr, em8uµ11Tt') npaKTIKO OTQ9&pt') nµl't t1 OllJ(J)WVQ l,J£ TQ TIOl)QKOTW Ko8opt(6µ£va np6runo via nc:; Tp&1c:; KOTTJyopiec:;: KaT11yOp{a A. M11xoVlK6 $JX6µ£voc:; d;orwoµ6<; eq,o&a­ oµtvoc:; l,J£ IJU<TIKl't OUOK&u'J TtTOlO <.i>oT£ TO ti va µnop&i VO &ni>.tytTQl l,J£TO(U + 12 oC KOi O oC n£pt,\aµl3avoµtvwv. KOTTJYOj)lQ B. M11xoV1K6 IJAJX61,J£voc:; d;orwoµ6<; tq>o&a­ oµtvoc:; l,J£ IJU<TIKt') OUOK&u'J TtTOlQ <.ixm: TO ti va µnopei va eni>.t'{&Tat µ£ToE;u + 13 °c KCU -1 0. nept,\aµl3avoµtvwv. KoTTJvop{a r. M11xav1K6 llJux61J£voc:; eE;orn.1oµ6<; eq,o&a­ oµtvoc:; l,J£ IJU(TU(t') OUOK&u'J TtTOlQ c.i>OT£ TO ti VO µnop&i VO tmAtY&TOl 1,J£Taf;U + 12 °C KW -20 °C ntpt}.aµl3avoµtvwv. ITTJV n&p{TITWOT') TWV KOT11Y0ptc.i>V 6., E KQl IT K08optoµtVT] npaKTIKO 0Ta9t:pi; nµ.; t. ouµq,wva l,J£ TO napaKOTW Ka8o­ pll;6µ£vo np6runo YIO nc:; Tptl<; KOTTJ'{opicc:;: KoTTJvop{a !1. MT]XOV1K6 IJAJx6\J£voc:; d;orwoµ6<; tq>o&a­ oµtvoc:; 1J£ ~nKl'I OUOK£Ufl o& Tp6no c.i>OTt 11 t, vo eivai 1011 t'l xOIJ'l>-6ttP11 on6 o 0 c. KoTTJyopio E. M11xovuc6 IVJX61J£voc:; eE;orn.10µ6<; 1J£ IJU(nl<l') OUOKtur') c.i>OTt TO t, va lOOUTOI t') va civcu KOTW an6 -10°C. KOTTJ'{Opia IT. M11xaV1K6 1pUX61,J£voc:; tE;orwoµ6<; &q>OOIO­ oµtvoc:; µ& ~nKl't OUOK&u'J c.i>OTe TO t. vo &ivm too I') l,JU(p6T&po an6 -20 °c. 0 OUVTt>..tOTt;c:; K el;orn.10µ00 TOU KOTTJyop1c.i>v B, r, E KOi IT ea r-ivOl oc Ka8& ra:pimwon iooc:; ti µ1Kp6T&poc:; TOU 0.4 WtM2°C(-0.35 KCAUH M2°C). 4. 0epµmv6µ£voc:; d;orwoµ6<;. Movcoµtvoc; tl;orwoµoc: &q>o&ooµtvoc:; 1J£ 8tpµavnKl'l OUOKtlKJ nou civ01 oe 0t011 vo avcl36~tt. TT') 8£pµoKpaoia µtoo OTO al>r-10 owµa Kot OT!l ouvtxe10 va TTI &OTT')pti YlQ 6x1 ,\;.y6T£po TW\' 12 wowv xwpic:; ovavtw011· napoxric:; ot JTPOKTIK6 OT09tp!'J Tij.!T} ox; µ1Kp6TtPT] an6 + 12 °C 6mv T1 µtOT] E:E;WTtp11<1'1 9epµOKpOoio TOU oc.i>µaToc:; &ivat 11 avaq,&poµtV17 • napal((lTw y10 ·nc; 0(10 KQTT')yopi£c:;: • KaTTJYOPia A 0Epµmv6µ£voc:; iE;o11N.oµ6<; YIO XPriO'l 6,av 11 µtOT') £(WTtpuo') StpµOKpooia ei VOI - 10 °c • KQl KOTTJ'{Opia B 0E:pµa1v6µevoc:; tE;on>.toµ6<; YIO XP'1011 OTQV '1 l,JtOT] tl;wT&p11<1'} 8&pµo1<:pooio tivru -20 °C. 0 OUVT&M.OTI')<; K tl;011N.0µ0U TTJ<:; KOTTJyopioc:; 8 9a tlVOl oe K68& m:pimw911 iooc:; ti µipK6Ttpoc:; an6 0.4 Wtrn 2 °C • 0.35KCAUH M2 0 c). 5. M&Tal3anKtc:; l>1aT6E;e1c:;. r10 XPOVU<6 616cmwo TPLWV tTc.i>v µ£T6 TTJV 11µepoµT]via 9eoewc:; oe 1axu TT')<; napouoac; Iuµq,wviac:; ouµq,wvo µ& TI<; l>10Taf;e1c:; Tou ap8pou II, napa- / ypaq,oc:; I QUTOU, o y&VIK<X; OUVTtM.OTt;c:; 8£pµom:pOT6TT')TOc; (ouVT&>.eoTt')c:; K) µnopci, o& rtepimwOT] tE;orn.1oµou nou 1')011 j3piOK&TOl Ot >.cnoupyio £KtiV17 TT')V 11µepoµ11via.. VO tl\/Ol iooc:; .; µU<~6Tepoc; an6: • 0.9 W/µ °C (. 0.8KCAUH µ2 °C) OTT')V TI£pimwOT] µovw­ µtvou tE;orn.1oµou OTTJV KOTT')yopia IN, 1pUX61,J£VO Ef;OnN.<JlJO OTT')V KOTTJypoio A, 6>.o TOV µT]XOVIK6 IJAJX61,J£VO &E;on>.ioµ6 Kru 8&pµ01v61,J£voc:; el;orwoµ~ OTT')v KOT11yopio A'· Ko1 0.6 W/µ2 °C (. 0.5KCAUH µ °C) OTT')V nepiTITWOTJ lpUXO­ l,J£VOU tf;OTIN.0µ0U one:; KOTTJyOpit<; 8 KOi r KOi 9&pµruv6µ£vou &E;on>.ioµou OTT')V KOTTJYopio B. Emn>.tov, µ£TO TTJV nepiooo Twv Tptc.i>v &T<iw nou ava­ q,tpeTru OTO np<i>TO &Mq,10 TT')<; napouoac:; napaypaq,ou KQI 11 Bayovia, q,opTT]ya aUTOKivryra, puµou}.Ko(Jµeva oxr'Jµara, ryµ,pt,JJouJ.x~eva o,XT}µara, eµrropet,JJarOKl{¼Jna KOi a.,\,,\o rrapoµo,o e{orrJ.,aµo. • 21 ITT]V TTSpiTTTWOIJ &{aµevciJv, o (>pa<; ·awµa· Ol']µ~iVE:t µe OUTOV TOV opt.CTµO, TT]V i&a TT] &{aµev,j. E<DHMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPQTO) 137 µtxp1c; 6TOu o £~on>.10µ6c; anooup8ci op10TIK6 an6 TT)V UTTl'JP£0l0, 0 OUVT£A£oTI')c; K TOU µl'JXOVIJ((l ~x6µ£vou £V etµan -t~orwoµou Twv KOTT)yop1<i>v B. r. E KOi IT µnopd va lOOUTOt µ£ 0:7 W/µ2 °C (. 0.6 KCAUH µ2 °C), r'J >.1y6T£po. Ot µ£TOl3anKtc; OUTEC: ISIOTCJ~&IC: &v ea anOKA£iouv, 6µwc;, TT)v £<j)Opµovr'I ono1wvl5r'JnoT£ OUOTT)p6r&pwv Kavov1oµ<i>v, nou 9wµo0£TOUVTat an6 op1oµtva KpaTT) yia £~on>.toµ6 KQTOXWPl'JµEVO OTTl 151Kr'J TOUC: £nlJ(pCJT£10. • napapnwa I, napapTT)µa I t.lATA::EII: nov A<l>OPOYN TON EAErXO MONOME­ NON, IVYXOMENON, MHXANIKA IVYXOMENON H 0EP­ MAINOMENON EOnAllMON flA I:YMMOPCl>OlH ME TA nPOTYnA 1. EKT<>c; an6 nc; n&p1m<i>oc1c;, nou npo(3>.tnoVTru OTO npoOOpTT)µa 2, nap6ypaq>Ol 29 KOi 49, TOU nOp6VT<><; na­ papTr')µOT<><;, tA£vxo1 yIa ou.iµ6pq>WOl'J µ£ Ta np6nma nou npol3AtnOVTOl OTO nap6v napapTT)µO 0a yivOVTOl OTOUC: ma0µouc; £>.tyxou, nou op~ovrru r'J £YKpivovr01 an6 TT)V apµ6&a apxri ni<: xwpac;, oTT)v onoio o tf;onA10µ6c; tivru £yy£ypaµµtvoc; T1 KOTOXu>pl'Jµtvoc;. 0a yivOVTQI: (a) npiv o £~on>.toµ6c; T£9£i a£ UTTl'JP£oio· (13) n£PIOOIKCJ, TQUACJXIOTO µ10 q,opa ova t(t tTT)· KOi (y) 6noT£ (l'JTT18£i an6 TT)V apµoo10 apxri. 2. (a) Ntoc; £~onN.oµ6c; K00op1oµtvou runou napay6µ£vou £V 0£lp<l µnopgi VO £yt<p10£i µ£ TOV EA£YXO µtac; µovaooc; auTou TOU runou. Av. l'J µov6.15a, nou £AEYX£TOI KOAUTIT£t nc; an01TT')o&Ic;, nou npol3Atnovrat yia TT)V KOTT)yopia OTTlV onoia unoTi9£TOI 6n OVT)K&l, l'J tK0£0TJ OOKtµr'Jc; ea 9&WP£iTat oav m<rrOTIOll'JTIK6 Eyt<pi0£(1)<; Tunou. To TIIOTOTIOLl'JTlK6 OUT6 ea \r'Jy£1 OTO TEA<><; n£PIOOOU Tptwv £TWV. (l3) H apµoo10 apxr'J ea .\aµl3av£1 µtTpa npOK£tµtvou VO EnOAl'J9£uoct 6n l'J napaywYli aMwv µova&i>v owa&t µ£ Tov runo·nou txc1 £yt<p19ci. fta TO OKon6 aUT6v µnopci va cMy~&1 ISOKiµal;ovrac;, &1yµaTOAl'JnTIKtc; µova&c;, nou .\aµ 136vovT01 OTTlV TIJ)(l'J on6 nc; oeiptc; napayw\'1ic;. (y) M10 µovaoo 15£ ea 0£wp&iTat 6n £iVOI TOU il5tOU TIJnOU µ£ TTI µovaoo, nou eMvx9r,K£, £KT()<; av Ml'JpOi TOUC: napaKOTW &AOXIOTOUC: 6pouc;: (t) Av £ivat µovwµtvoc; &~on>.1oµ6c;, on6n; o ntpi ou np6K£1TOI £~OnN.oµ6<; µnop£i VO £iVat µovwµtvoc;, IPLJX6µ£­ voc;, µl'JXOVtKci ~xoµ&voc; !'} 9tpµatv6µ£voc; c(on.\10µ6c;, I) KQTOOK£ur} ea £iVOI CJUYKpimµri KOi, ouyK&Kp1µtva TO µovwTIK6 UAIK6 KOi I) µteoooc; µov<i>ocwc; ea £ivat TO il510 TO naxoc; TOU µOVWTIJ(OUIUAIKOU &v ea £iVOI µ1Kp6Tcpo an6 £K£iVO Tou £~onA10µ0(1 TTIC: ovaq>opac;, Td £OWT£p1K<1 d;apTT')µaTO ea £iv01 navoµo16nma r; a 11>..onotl'Jutva· 0 ap19µoc; TWV 9up<i>v KOL O ap19µoc; TWV moµiwv ri 6.Mwv ovotyµ6.Twv ea tivot o i&oc; T') µ1Kp6n:poc;· l(Ql T] £0WT£plKf1 £!1HpClV£lO TOU o<i>µOTO<; &v flt, &ivm 20 TO £KOT6 µgya>.un;pl'J T) µ1Kp6T£pT)" (ui Av np6K&1Ta1 y1a tlJux6µ&vo £~on.\iµ6, on6T£ o £~o­ nAtoµ6c; TTIC: avacpopac; ea &iva1 1µux6µ£voc; &~onA10µ6c;, 01 6po1 nou K09opi~ovrm OTO napan6.vw (1) 8a nptn£t vo ,1AT1POUVTOt· 01 £0WT£p1Kt<; OUOK£Ut<; 0£p1oµOtJ ea £iVOl OU­ '(Kpimµi:;c; l'J TlllYri 4JUXOUC: ea £iVat iota· KOi TO an68f:.µO ljJuxouc; KOT(] µovaoo TTIC: £0WT£PIKr'JC: £mq>aveia~ ea £iva1 µryaMm::po it ioo (111) Av npOKf,ITQl y10 µrixovlKQ 1VUx6µ£vo £~OnA10µ6, on6n: o t~onA1oµoc avm.~opac; ea rivru µrixovLK6 ~ux6µ;:;voc; £­ ~onA10µ6<;, 01 0:,:,01 not, w8opiz;ovrn1 µe TO 11upan6vw (1) ea nptnr1 va nhqpouvra1, KOi ~ anOOOOl'J TO:.; ~x6µcvou £(OnA1oµo1J KOTO µov6.oo tOWT£ptK'lC: £mq>av£iac; KOTW one nc; il5i£c; ovv0t'p<£<: 0£pµoKpaoiac; ea civru µ£yo]\(m::pri it im,· (Lv) Av np6K£1r01 yio 9£pµruv6µ£vo t(on>.Loµ6, on6n: o £(orwoµ6c; avaq>opac; µnopgi vo tivot µovwµtvoc; I') 9q)­ µruv6µ£voc; £~on,\ioµ6c;, Ol 6po1 nou Ka9~0VTOl OTO na­ panavw (1) 0a nptoc1 va TT)pouvT01°1'J TTl'JYTI 9&pµ6TT)TOC: ea civat ri i~o Kat I'] OTI61500TJ TTIC: OUOK£UT)C: 9&pµOVO£WC: KQTQ µOVCIOO £­ OWT£ptK!'}<; £nl(j)CJV£lOC: 0a £iVOl 1.1£YOAUT£pl'J r'J idrJ (15) Av KOTO TT) 1516pK&lO TTIC: TPl£TOUC: n&p1615ou, Ol o£iptc; napaywy!'}c; ~&n£p6oouv nc; 100 µova&c;, 11 apµ6&a apxr'J ea 1..:a8opil;t1 TO nooom6 Twv µovalSwv nou ea &>.tvxeouv. 3. 01 µt9oo0l KOi OI 151alS1Kaoiec; nou ea XPT)OtµOnOIOUVTOI KOT(] TOV t>..tvxo YlO ou.iµ6pq>WOTJ µ£ TQ np6nma n&pIyp6 (j)OVTQI OTO npooapTT)µO 2 TOU nap6vToc; napapTI')µaTOc;. • 4. ntcrronOll'JTIK6 ouµµ6p<pwori<; µg Ta np6nmo ea £KISl­ &T01 on6 TT)V apµ61510 apxr'J o& tvruno nou avnOTOIX£i npoc; TO un6&1yµo nou avanap6y£T01 OTO npooapTT)µa 3 TOU nap6vtoc; napapTT')µaToc;. To TIIOTOnOll'JTIK6 l'l £n1Kupw­ µtvo ai<p$tc; (j)WTOOvTiypaq>o OUTOU ea OWOOCU&l TOV £­ ~OML0µ6 OTT) 1516pK£1a TTIC: µ£Taq>opac; KOi ea npoOKoµil;£Tat 6noT£ {;f1T170£i on6 nc; apxtc; tMvxou. "Oµw<;, ov I'\ mvOKioo mOTOHOIT)0£WC: nou avanapaynru OTO ilpoOapTl)µO 3 TOU nap6vroc; napapTr')µatoc; civ01 rn1KoM11µtVl'J crrov &(orw­ oµ6, 11 npOOVQ(j)£p6µ£Vl'J mvOKiOO ea ovayvwpi(;£TOI OOV 106Ttµl'J µ£ moTonotl'JTIK6 ATP. Aun'l ri mvaKioo moTOnOIT}­ o&w<; ea Q(j)Otp&lTOI µ6.\1c; O &~onA10µ6c; naum:1 VO OVTO­ nOKpiV£TOI OTO np6Tuno nou K09opi(;OVTOI OTO nap6v nopapTT)µo Av o &~OnN.oµ6c; &v µnopgi vo XapOKTTIPIOT£i we; O\ITJKWV 0£ KOTT)yopia " KAOITTJ, E:KT6<; 1360£1 TWV µ£TO- • l3anKci>v &aT6~£wv • nou ncpt,\oµi36vovm1 OTTlV napaypaq,o 5 TOU nap6VToc; napapTT')µmoc;, l'J 1oxuc; TOIJ mOTOnOlfjTIKOU nou £Kl5691'JK£ yt"auT6V TOV £~OnA10µ6:ea -nipiopil;ETOI OTTlV ntpiooo nou opi~£Tot one; npoovmp&p6µ£v&c; ·µ£tal3anKtc; • &OT0~£1(;. • 5. lTov £~orwoµ6 ea TOn09£TOUVTOI &OKptT\KO Ol'Jµ£l0 KOi OTOlX£iO, ouµq>wva µ£ Tl(; &OTC1~£l(; TOlf 1 1POOQpTT)µOTOC: •• 4 TOU nap6VTOC: napapTT')µOT<><;, ea O(j)OtpOUVTQI µ6N.c; o £~onN.oµ6c; nouo&1 vo avranOKpiv&Tcu npoc; Ta np6Tl-!n<;x, nou K00op~OVTUI OTO nap6v napapTT)µO. • nopopnuio 1.npooopn11,1a 2 ME00.t.OI KAI t.lA.t.lKAI:IEl flA METPHI:H KAI EAEr XO THI MONOTIKHl IKANOTHT A"i:. KAI AnOt.OTIKO­ THTAl TON llJYKTIKON H 0EPMANTIKON lY"i:.KEYON. El.t.lKOY EOnAllMOY f!A TH MET ACl>OPA EYnA00N TPO<t>IMON A. OPl1MOI KAI fENIKE"i:. APXH 1. fovr£A£OTT)C: K. O ouvoA1K6c; ouv,c.\&on'lc; 9r.pµooc­ pa,6TT)Tac; (ouvn::>.wTT')c; K, onoKoAouµtvoc; O£ µgptKtc; xwptc; ouvT£A£OTI1C: U), nou civrmpoowm:.U£1 TT) µovwTIK!'} lKQVOTllTO TOU £~on>.1oµou, K00ooi~ST<.11 pE TOV nopOl<OTW runo: w K- -----------· S.60 6nou TO W tivm 'l 0£pµ1Kr'} tKavcrrrrru nou anatT£iTOl oc oci>µa µt017c; £m(f)C.vciac; S y1a n1 6;a.l'iPflOYJ rr1c:: ano.:-.1JT11c:; 1St0q>opac:;· ~0 µna~u Tl'JC: µtOTlc: rnw,cou.;r1c: 81:pµoKpaoiac; 01 KOi TllC: µ£0l'JC: £~WT£PIKI')<; ecpµoKpaOiO~ 0c, OTl'J ISlQPK&lO OUVf.XOUC, >.£tTOupyiac;, 610v r1 tltcrq £[&)1£PO<.r\ 9£pµOKpaoia 0r. riva1 om8f:.pr'). 2. To µtoov £µ!3ao6v £Til(!)QV£l0{; S TOU oci>pilTCX:: £iVOI 0 Y£Wµ£1PU<.~ µtooc; TOU £~00U Tl'J~ f.OWT£Pl~,itc: Wl(j)OVf,ioc; S1 Kat TTlC: f.~WTf.ptKr'JC: £nt(j)OV~iO<: ~£ TOU OU)µOT(X;. S· 'v S1.S£. 138 E<l>HMEPII: THI: KYBEPNHl:EQl: (TEYXOI: nPOTO) Kma TOV K08op1oµ6 TWV eµl3aoo)v TWV 000 emq><lveki>v $1 KOi Se, 8a >.0µj3avoVTOI UTT<$1 Ol ooµu<tc; 1&oµOp(piec:; K<''. 01 emq><1VE10Ktc; ovwµa>Jec; TOU ~T~. 6n<.u<; TO CTTf'Oyyu).wµOTO, Ol aq,i&c; TWV TPOXWV KOi TO nap6µ010 K,' ea or11.1£Kilvovi-01, µe TllV KOTCIMr}AJ1 m11<eq,aMoo 0111v t 4 .9EOfl OOKlµY)(; nou ~rtf:TQl napaKOTW OTO nap6v, EVTOUTOI<;, av TO o<i>µa eiV01 KOAUµµtvo µe KUµOTOei&') µ£Ta,\)ul(Q eMoµ(lTO (cpu.AAa), TO e!;eTal;6µevo eµf3oo6 8a c:iv01 eK£ivo TllC: eninroric; emq><lvcioc;, nou KOAUTTT£TOl µe 'JUT6, 6x1 eKeivo TT)(; avamuyµtvric; KuµoTOel&>uc; emq,aveiac;. 3. lT11V nepiITTWOTI napaMri>.£nine&i>v OO>µCITWV, l'J µt011 ;::Clw~j)IKl'l 8epµOKpaoia TOU OWIJ(lT~ (eJ elvai TI apt8µr)too'I µi:011 Twv 8epµOKpOouiw µnpo(Jµcvwv 10 EK. on6 TO TOl­ x<i>µoTa o-co napcu<6Tw 12 011µcio: (a) <me; OKTW EO<a>T&pu<tc; ywvi£c; TOU ~T~· KOi {8) OTO KtvTpa Twv n;ooapwv £(J(l)T&j)IK<i>V ~wv nou txouv To µEVOAUT£po eµf3oo6v. Av TO ~ &v elVOI napaAAr]>.£ninroo, TO 12 011µeia µerpl')oi:.:<.u<; ea &ovtµOVTQI 6oo TO OOVOT6V IKOVOTTOll'JTIK6 ,,pa >..aµj3avoµtvou un~ TOU oXl'lµoT~ TOU o<.i>µoTOc;. Iniv nepimWOT} napaMrJAEnlne&uv ~aTwv, TJ µt011 • F. unf.PIKl'l 8£pµ0tc.paoio TOU o<ilµOT~ (&:) El\lQI l'J api8µT]TIKf) j:ari TWV 8cpµOKpOOIWV µ£Tp01.JµeVWV 10 EK. on6 TO TOl xwpaTO OTO napaKaTw 12 011µeio: • la) one; OKTW E~WTepU(tc; ywviec; TOU o<.i>µOT~. (~} OTO KtVTpa TWV n:ooapwv e!;wTEj)IKWV 6q,Ewv nou txouv TO µeyOAun:po el-$al>6v. Av TO o<i>µa &v Eiva1 nopa,\AJ1>.£ninroo, TO 12 011µeia µ£1'pf)OE<.u<; 8a &avtµoVTOl 6oo TO OOVOT6 lKOVOTTOIT]nK6Tepa ;,.aµ'3avoµtvou un64W1 TOU oXl'lµoT~ TOU o<i>µOT~. ::. H µtori 8EpµOKpaoio TWV TOIXWµOTWV TOU o<i>µoTOc; £ivru ri apt8µT]TIKTJ µtor. TTJC: µt011c; e~wTep11<t'}c; 8epµoKpooioc; TOV owµOT~ KOl TllC: µtoric; £0<.!m:piKl')c; 9E:pµOKpooioc; TOU oti;,µaTOc; 61: + 6i (----------) 2 6. luvexi;c; >.&1Toupylo. H MIT0UpYtO 8a 8€<up€[Tm 6n £iVOI ouvexr;c;, ov n>.11pouvro1 KQl 01 000 on6 TOUC: napaKOTW 6pouc;: I , H µtori ~WTEPIKl'l 8epµOKpaoia KOi 11 µt011 £0WT£P1Kfl !iepµoKpOoio TOU o<i>µoT~, Aaµj3av6µevec; oe XPOVIK6 &6 01T)µa 6x1 µ11<p6TEpo Twv 12 wp<i>v, & l>1acptpouv nep10 oor£po on6 ± 0.5 °c KCll , H b1oq,op6 µ£TOl;u TWV µtowv 9E:pµJKWV IKOVOTr')T<llV µe­ TPO~V(l)V oe )(poVIK6 &601T1µ0 6x1 µ11<p6TEpo TWV 3 wpwv, H;';'(V KOi µ€TO T11V npoovaq>ep6µevri nepiooo 6Xl µ1Kp6T£pl1 T(J)V 12 wp<.i>v, 9a civru µtKp6TEP11 on6 3 TO &KOT6. B. MONOTIKH IKANOTHTA TOY E=On/\ll:MOY tua61Kooiec; µeTpt'}oe<.u<; TOU OUVT£A£0Tr') K (a) El;on>.toµ6c; EKT6c; on6 ~oµevtc; uyp<i>v Tpoq>iµwv 7. H µovwTU<r't lKOV6T11TO 8a µETPQTCll 0£ 01.NEXr} M!Toupyia £iT£ µ£ 1Tl µt8ooo EOWTeplKr}C: IJA)l;E<.u<; £iT£ µe 1Tl µt8000 eowyep11<r'1<: 9E:pµ6voe<.u<;. :re K09E:µio on6 nc; ooo nepim<.i> 0£1<; TO Kev6 o<i>µo 8a TOno8eTeiTCll µtoo oe µovwµtvo 86,\aµo. - •. 8. 'OnOIO KCll av &lVQI 11 XPTJOlµOTIOIOIJµeVT'l µtBoo~. 'l · µt011 8epµOKpOoia TOU µovwµtvou 80Aaµou 9a T11PciT01 oµ016µopq,rJ oe 6AJ1 TTJ &apK£ia TllC: &>Kiµt'}c; KOi OTo9E:pt'} µtoo OTO TT>.aiOlO TOU ± 0.5 °C, 0£ £nirteo<> ttTOIO WOT£ T] l>iaq>opa 8epµOKpQoia<; µETQ~I.J TOU EOWTeplKOU TOU &(on>.t­ oµou Ko1 TOO µovwµtvou Ba>.aµou vo µriv eivai µ11<p6TEP11 on6 20 °c, ri µtoTj 8epµOKpaoia TWV TOlXWJJQTWV TOU o<ilµaT~ &oTTJpouµevri nepinou OTOUC: +20 °C. 9. 'OTOv o V£VIK6c; OUVTE:>..EoTr')c; µeTOqlopac; 8£pµ6T11TO<: (ouvrc>.£oTl')c; K) npooo1opil;eT01 µe 1Tl µt8ooo &(J(l)n:j)IKt'}c; ~£<.u<;, TO oriµeiov l>p6oou OTllV OTµOOq>alpO TOU µovwµtvou 8a>.aµou 8a &olTJpeiTOI OTOUC: +25 °c ± 2 °c. l:T11 &apKno TllC: 60Kiµt'}<;, &lTE µ£ TT) µt9ooo f:(J(l)TeplKr}<; ~<.u<; ciT£ µ£ 1Tl µt9ooo £0WT£p!Kt'}c; 9E:WoVOEW<;, 'l OTµ6o<paipa TOU Ba>.aµou 8a pu9µiOTEi va KUK>.oq>opel ouvtxeia oe Tp6no <i>ott 'l TOXUTTJTO K!Vr}OE<.u<; TOU atpa 10 EK. on6 TO TOIXWIJ(lTO va &aT11pelTOt µero~u 1 KOi 2 µi;Tpwv/&UT£p6>..Emo. 10. 'Onou eq>opµ6<:ETai 11 µt8oooc; £(J(l)TePIKfl<: ~. 9a TOno9&TOUVTOI µtoo OTO ~ tvac; ft n&pl006TepOI avraMaKT&<;, 8q)µ6TT)ro<;. To eµ(3oo6v Tl'l<: emq,6ve10<; aUT<i>v Twv ovaTOMal<T<i>v ea eiva1 TtTOlO <i>cm:, av tva p&UOT6 oe 8epµOKpQoia 6)(\ xaµT)>.6n:p!1 TWV O 0c 1 / TI£pCIOEI µtow OUTWV, 11 EOWTeplKr} µtori 8epµOKpaoia TOU ~T~ no­ paµtvei KCITW on6 + 10 °c, 6rov ernn:ux9E:i mM:xrl<: >.£1 TOupyio. 0nOT£ &q>apµ6<£TQI 'l µt8o6oc; £OWT£p1Kt'tc; 8epµ6vo&<.u<;, 0a XPTJOlµOTIOIOUVTOI 11>.£KTpU(tc; OUOKwt<; 8epµavoe<.u<; (ovnOT6m:1c; KOi TO nop6µ010). Ot evoM6KTE<; 8epµ6T11TO<; t't 0t ty,V<TpiKtc; ouo1C.wtc; 9epµavoe<.u<; ea eivo1 £q>OOtOOµtve<; µe OEpO<pUOflTr}PO TIOU txe1 pu9µ6 napoXl'l<; 0pKET6 'flO va &l;ooq>a,\ioe1 'l OVWTOTll &oq,opa µ£Tol;u TWV 8epµOKpoouilv ono1wvor'JnoT£ l>uo an6 TO 12 011µcio nou K08opil;OVTOI OTTJV nopaypaq,o 3 TOtJ nop6VToc; npooapTr')­ µoToc; VO µriv U11£pJ3aive1 Tou<; 3 °C, 6TOV emn:ux8ci &apKl'}c; MIToupyia. 11. Opyavo µeTpl')o&i>c; 8epµOKpOoioc; npooi-oT£u6µeva &vaVTiov Tll<: OK11vol30>.iac; ea Tono8E:Touvrm µtoo KOi tl;w TOU o<i>µaToc; OTO oriµe[o nou K08opil;OVTOI one; nopayp6q,ouc; 3 KOi 4 TOU npooapn;µoToc; aUTou. 12. 01 ouoK£utc; y1a Tl'l" napovwYl'l KOi &ovoµt't ~XOUC: I'} 8epµ6T11TO<: KOi YLO TTl µtTP'lOTl TllC: noo6TT]TO<; lµixouc; I'} 8epµ6T11TO<; nou OVToMax8r)Ke KOi TO 106nµo 0E:pµ6T11TO<: TWV aveµioTr')pwv KOOoq>opiac; atpa 8a T£80W. O& Kivriori. 13. 0Tav £TIITEUX9£i ouvext'}c; M!Toupyio, 11 QVWTOTll &o­ q,opa µ£Tal;u TWV 8t.pµOKpaOIWV OTO 9E:pµ6TEpa KQ1 tµuXP6 TEpa oriµeio OTO tl;w µtpoc; Too o<ilµOToc; l>ev ea l;enepva TOUC: 2 °C. 14. H µt011 £l;WT£p!Kr} 8epµOKpaoio KOi 'l µtori EOWT£P.J<.11 9epµOKpOoia TOU o<.i>µOT~ ea 510136<0VT01 K09E:µio 6)(\ Al­ y6Tepo on6 Ttooep1c; q,optc; TllV <i>pa. 15. H l>OKLJJTJ 8a ouvexil;eTa1 6oo xpe16~nru 'flO Tll" el;ooq,6N.ori Tl'JC: owt.xouc; >.moupyioc; (~Mne nopaypaq,o 6 TOU nop6VToc; npooopTr')µoTO<;). Av &v t1vo1 6>..ec; 01 µETpf}OEI<; OUT6µ0T&<; KOl KOTOXW?Ol4JEVEC:, f'I c'5ot«µr') ea owex~Tru 'flO XPOVlK6 &60TTJIJo OKT<.iJ ouvexci>v wp<.i>v 'flO VO una~e1 'l ~l6TT)TO 611 11 MlTOUpyia ciVOI ouvext'}c; KOi 'flO vo >-riq,8ow 01 TE>.U<tc; ovoyv<i>OE1c;. (13) ~aµevtc; uyp<i>v Tpoq>iµwv 16. H µt8oooc; nou neptypaq>eTm nopOK6Tw txei eq,opµovri µ6vo oe e~on>.1oµ6 &l;aµevwv µe tvo i; noMa &aµepioµoTo, nou npoopil;OVTOl anOMCIOTIKCl 'flO lTl µ£TO(j)opCI uyp<i>v Tpoq>iµwv, 6n<.u<; TO va>.o. K69e &aµtpioµo TtTOl(l)V &l;a­ µev<i>v 8a txe1 TouMx10Tov µio av8pwno8upioo KOi ouv&oµo ow.t'}vo &KKevci>oe~· 6nou unapxouv noMa &aµepioµaTo, 8a XWf:>il;OVTOI µeTOl;u TOUC: µe µTj µovwµtvo KOTOK6puq,a XwpioµOTO. 17. H µovWTlKfl IKOV6Tl'JTO 8a 60K1µ6l;£TOI OE &opKr') >.£1 TOUpyia µe &OWTE:plKr} etpµOVOl'J TT)(; KEVTJ<: &~aµevt'}c; oe µovwµtvo 86>.aµo. 18. I& 6A11 T11 &apK£!0 TllC: l>0t<iµt'}<;, 'l µt011 9epµOKpOoiO 11 r,a va ancxpeux9f:i ro naywµa. ECl>HMEPII: THI: KYBEPNHI:EOI: (TEYXOI: nPOTO) 139 TOU µovw~vou 8a>.6µou 9a TT)pciTOl op0t6µopq,11 KOl OT00£pfl µ£. ± 0.5 C, O& £nin£OO µE:TOE,U +15 °C KOl +20 °C· '1 µtOfl 9£pµOKpaoia µtoa OTT) &E,QµE:Vfl 8a &aTT)pciTat 0£ µE:TaE,u +45 °C KQI +50 °C 0£ OWE:xt'l ~T~yia, µ£ µt0'1 9q)µO­ KpaOia TWV TOtX~ClTWV TTIC: ~QµE:VflC: µE:TOE,u +30 °c Kat +35 °c. 19. H QTµOO<p(llp<l TOU 8aA6µou 9a pu8~£T01 va KUKAO­ q>opci ouvtx£ta 0£ Tp6no ci>crn: 11 TQXUTT)TQ K1Vfl0£W<: TOU atpa 10 D<. an6 TQ TOtXO>µOTQ va &aTT)pciTat µ£TaE,u 1 KQI. 2 µtTpa/&uttp6>..&ma. 20. Mtoa OTT) &E QµE:Vfl 8a TOTI08ETT)8£i EVaAAClKTfl<: 8ep­ µ6TT)TOC:. Av 11 &E QµE:Vfl txa noMa OIC1µ£pioµaTO, 9a TO­ no8ETfl8ei tvac: EvaM6KTl1C: yIa K68E 01aµtp1oµa. m EVaAAClKTEC: 9a dvat E(pOOIOOµtVOt µ£ ry.D<TptKt<; QVTIOTQ0£1C: Kat avqJtOTflpa µ£ an6l>0011 £TiapKfl yia va EE,aoq,a>.ioEt 6n ll &aq,opa µ£TaE,u TTI<: QVWTOTT)<; 0£pµOKpaoiac: KQI TTIC: EMXIOTI)(; 8epµOKpaOia<: µtoo OE K68& l>taµtptoµa &v un£pj3aivu TOU<: 3 °c, 6TaV ETIITEUX8£i OWEX'lC: >.£tT~yia. Av 11 &E,Qµ£V11 n£pt,\~vE1 noMa 01aµ£pioµOTa, 11 &aq,opa µ£TaE,u TTIC: µtO"'lc:; 8epµOKpaoiac: OTO 0£pµ6TEpo otaµtp10µ0 & 8a unepj3aiv£t Tau<; 2 °C, TWV 8epµ0Kpa0t<.i>V.µ£Tpouµtvwv, 6nwc:; opi~ETat OTT)V napaypaq,o 21 TOU nap6vTOc:; npooap­ Tl'lµaTOc:;. 21. Mtoa KQl tE,w an6 TT) &E,aµevri OTQ 10 f.K. on6 TO TOlXWµOTO 8a TOTio8£.TT)8oUV 6pyovo µE:TP'lOf.wc:; TTlC: 9Ep­ µoKpaoiac; npooTOn:u6µevo an6 TTIV 0Knvol3<>>.i.o, 6nwc:; TIOpaKCITW. (a) Av ri oEE,oµevri txr.1 tvo µ6vo &aµtp1oµo, 01 µ£Tprioetc:; ea yiVOVTOI TOUAClXIOTO Of. 12 OT]µEio 0 TOTI08£TT)µtvo 6nwc:; napaK6Tw: . lnc; Ttooeptc:; 6Kpcc; ooo otaµtTpwv oe op8tc; yww:c:; npoc:; oMri>-ouc:. µio op~6vna KQI 11 aM11 K09£TT), KOVTO at Kaatvo an6 Ta ouo ClKOQ TTI~ oeE,aµevric:;. Ta Ttooepa 6Kpa 000 OIOµtTpwv OE opatc:; ywvi.£c:; npoc:; aMry,.a, µ£ KN.OT] OE ywvia 45° npoc:; TTIV op~6vna, OTO 0E,ov1K6 tninroo TTlC: &E,aµevric;. (13) Av 11 &E.aµevri txe1 noMa 01C1µ£pioµaTO, TO oriµeia µETpl)OEWC: 8a EiVat 6nwc:; Tlap<lKCITW: y10 K08tva an6 TQ ouo aKpaia &QµE:pioµaTO, TOUMXIOTOV TO EE ric;: To 6Kpa op~6vnac:: &aµtTpou KOVTCI OTO OKPO KOi TQ 6Kpa K00ETTIC: otaµtTpou KOVTO OTO xwp10µ0 Kat yta Ka8tva an6 TO aMa &aµepioµoTo, TouMx10Tov TO napaK6Tw: . Ta 6Kpa &aµtTpou µ£ K>.i0'1 OE ywvio 45° npoc:; TO op1~6vno KOVT6 OE tvo on6 TO· xwpioµaTo KOi Ta 6Kpa &aµtTpou K08ETT1C: npoc:; TO np<i>TO KQI. KOVTO OTO filo xwp10µ0. H µtori EOWTEPIK'l 0£pµOKpaoio KOl 11 µtori El;wn:plKI) flf:pµoKpaoio TTIC: &E,aµevric: ea r.iva1 avtiOTOLXO 11 ap18µ11T1Kfl µtOT] 6>..wv TWV µ£Tpfl0£WV nou n6p011KOV µtoo KOL Mwv TWV µ£Tpf10EWV nou n6p011KOV tE,w an6 TTI &E,aµtvt'). LTTJV nepimw011 &E,aµevt')c:; µ£ noMa -l>taµepioµaTO. 11 µtori r.­ own:ptK'l SepµoKpaoia K60t 01aµepioµOToc:; ea EivOL 11 ap18 µt'lT1Kfl ptori TWV µ£Tpl)otwv, ap18µol,\Jtvwv ox1 K01w 1wv n:ooapwv, OXETIKQ µ£ EKEivo TO 01aµtp10µ0. • 22. 0o T£8ouv OE KiVllOTJ 01 OUOKEutc:; y1a 8tpµavo11 KOL VIG Tflv KUKAoq>opia TOU atpa Kill yta rr1 µt1p11011 TTlC: noo6TT1Tuc; TTlC: aVTaMaYll.::: 8£pµ6n11ac: KOi Tou 1ooouvaµou &:pµ6TT]TOC: TWV avr.µ1cmipwv KUKAoq>oploc:; atpa. 2.3. OTOv £mTEUX8&i OUVEXflC: AE1TO~yio, 17 av<.i>TaTTl 010 q,opo µElOf,U TWV 0£pµOKp00lWV TOU 0£pµOT£pOU KOl TOU ivuxp6TEPOU OT)µ£iou OTO EE,WTl-':plKO TTlC: or.E,aµEvt')C: &v 8a um:pl3ciVf.l TOUC: 2 °c. 24. H µt01; Ef,WTEplKTJ 8£pµOKp00lO KOi 11 µtOTl EOWTf.pl.KI) &:pµOKpaota TTlC: &~aµEvric; 8o Olo'3al;OVTQI l'l K08t:µla oxi >.ty6ttpo an6 Ttooeptc:; ipoptc:; TTIV wpa. 25. H OOK&µ'l 8a OWf.XlOTci 6oo 9o )(petaon:i YIO TTIV EE,o~Oll TTIC: ouvqouc; >.moupykx; (13>..tm napaypa<P() 6 TOU nap6VToc:; npooapTflµOTOC:), Av &v £tVQl 6>..&c; 0t µ£tp110&I<; OUT6µoTEC: KaI KOTaxwpriµtvec:;, '1 OOKtµll 9a ou­ vex1on:i VIO )(pOVIK6 OICIOTTlµa OKTW &oo<lXIKWV wp<.i>v ytO va un6pE,£t 11 P£13cu6TTITO 6n I) AElToupyia tivot ouvtxt'l<; Kat yia va nap8ouv 0t opionxtc:; avayvwoe1c;. (y) Katvtc:; otaT6E,uc:; VlO 6>..ouc; TOU<: TUTIOU<: µov~vou EE,on>Joµou (I) Ena>.ri8wori TOU OUVTU.£.cmi K 26. Onou o OKonoc:; twv OOKiµ<.i>v &v Eivat yia tov npoo&op1oµ6 TOU OWTE.AEOTfl K, aAAa an>.wc:; ytO VO EAEYX8&i 6n pPiOKETOI KOTW on6 tva opioµtvo 6pto, 0t &.E~ay6µ.E:vec:; OOKlµt<;, 6nwc:; n£ptyp6q>OVTOI one; napaypaq,ouc:; 7 µtxpt 25 TOU nap6VTOC: npooapTflµQTOC:, µnopti VO OTOjJQTflOOUV µ6>.tc:; Ol µ£TP'lO&lC: nou yivOVTQl &IE;ouv 6n o OUVTE>..&cmic: K TI>.f1poi. nc:; npoo10ypaq,tc:;. M AKpil3Eta µE:TpflC?f.wv TOU owte>.Ecmi K 27. 01 OTa8µoi e>.tvxou 8a £iv01 E.q,001aoµtv0t µ£ Tov r.E,on>..toµ6 KOi TQ 6pyava nou XPf.l~OVTOl Y\O VO EE,ooq,a­ AIOTEi 6n o OUVTEAEOTflC: K npoo&opi~ETOl µ£ OVWTOTO TIEp18<.i>pto >..68ouc:; ± 10%. (111) EK8toE1c:; OOKllJWV 28. EK8f.Oll OOKtµ'lc:; TUTIOU KOT6Mfl>.ou yta TO 00Ktµa~6µEvo £.f,OnAtoµ6 ea OUVTQOOf.TOI YIO KOS£ OOKlµfl, OL\Jq>WVO µ£ TO tva r'l µ£ TO filo on6 10 napOKaTw np6runa 1 KOi 2. E>.evxoc: TTlC: µovwTtKTic: lKQVOTTlTOC: tE,orwoµou OE UTill­ pcoia 29. npoc:; TO OKOTIO TOU E'AtY)(OU TTIC: µOVWTIK'lC: LKOV6TTITOC:: K60£ µtpouc:; TOU r.E,on>..toµou Of. UTTllPEOia 6nCJX; m:p1yp6 q>ETOI OTO npoo6pTT1µ0 I, nap6ypaq,0t· ·1(13) • KQI l(y) TOU nap6VTOC: napapTflµOTOC:, 01 apµ6fu:c:; apxtc:; µnopouv: Na ecpapµ6oouv TIC: µe8ooouc:; nou nepiypaq,ovrat one:; napaypaq,ouc:; 2 µtxp1 27 tou nap6VToc:; npooapTflµaToc:;· !'l Na &opioouv Et&Kouc; va E.Knµi;oouv TTlV KOTaMl1MT11TO TOU EE,on>.toµou YlO li1a111P11ori OTTI µio l'l ot: fil11 on6 nc: KOTTlYOPi£C: µovwµtvou e~on>..10µ00. 01 e101Koi auToi 8a >.613ouv UTIC>IIJTl TO TiapOKOTW OTOlXEia KOi ea l3aoioow TO ouµnEp6oµaT6 TOuc:; navw OTO Kp1Tflp1a nou opil;oVT01 na­ paK<'.ITw: (o) revtKI) EE,tTaori TOU £E,on>.1oµou H e~ttaori OUlTJ 8o M13£l TTl µopq,11 ETI t8£WP'lO£W<: TOU E~on>Joµou ytO va npooi510ptOTOUV TO OK6>.ou8a µ£ TTIV napaK6Tw oeipa: h) To yevtK6 oxtl\10 TTlC: µovwTtKTiC: mevouoewc:; • (ll) TTl µt8ooo em0toewc:; TTlC: µov<.i>OEWC: • (Ill) TTl q>UOTJ KQl TTIV KOTOOlQOTj TWV TOIXwµOTWV' (1v) TTlV KOTOOTOOTJ TOU µovwµtvou 01aµepioµatoc::· (v) TO TIOXOC: TWV TOIXWIJOTWV" KOL VO KOVEI. 6>..Ec; nc: KOT6M17>-Ec: nOpclTllPflOEIC: 6oov Oq>Opa TTl µOVWTIKfl LIWV6TT1TO TOU Ef,OTIAtoµOU. frnUTOV TO OKOTI6 01 £tlitKOi µnopci VO EVEPYflOOUV won: oowµtvu µtpri mu EE,orwoµou va anoouvapµo>..0Y178ouv 1<01 vo ~TJn'1oouv 6nwc; T£80UV OTTI &68£0Ti TOUC: Ma TO tyypa(J)(l, HOU µnopt:i va xpetaOTEi va ouµl3ou>.£urouv (oxtoio, £Ketouc; bOKq.J<.i>v, npo&aypaq,tc:;, nµ0My10 K.An.). (13) EE,ttaori yia aepoOTtyavOTTlTO (&v iOXUEt ytO el;o­ n>-10µ6 &~aµEvci>v) H £ru8ewpriori 8a yivETat an6 napoTTlPrtn'l nou ppiOKf.TOI µtoa OTov E.E,on>..10µ6 nou 9a Tono8Et'18r,i oc >..aµnpa q>wnl;6µ£vo xwpo. Mnopr.i av XP11oiµon0t110ci onota&')notE pt8000<; flOU OiV.:l ll!O OKpipr') OTIOlE>..lOµQTO. (y) A!iO(J)OOt:lC: (ll Av m ouµnqx:.oµorn '1()u aq>opouv TTl Y£vtKJ11<;0TOITTOOfl 1ou owµa1oc: i::iv01 cwulKo, o e~on>..toµ6c; µnopci va 010 TTlP110£i OE UTTllPWia 0011 µovwµtvoc:; &E,on>.10µ6<:; Tq<; OPXIK.T)<; KOTTlYOf)ia<; OUTOU Y,.O napantpa ~vtKO OlClOTI1µa OXI µ£ 140 E<DHMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPQTO) yOA(rt&po TWV Tpui>v &Tei>\/. Av TO ouµn&p6oµaTO TOU i:-,lOO(()U l'J &100<<.i>v &lv01 &Joµ&Vl'I, o &F.on>.1oµ6c; µnop&i va &alT)pT18&i O& UTITlP&oia µ6vo av m:p60£1 0£ OTQ9µ6 &>.tvxou nc; oOKiµtc; nou 11£p1yp<'J<povro1 one: napayp6<pouc; 7 IJlXPl 27 TOU nap6vroc; npooapTl')µaToc;· µnopci T6tt va &Olllpr)8&{ oe UTlT)p&oi.o '(la napantpa XPOVIK6 ~160T1UKl tf;t &Ti.i>v. (u) Av o .:E,onAtoµ6c; ouviOTQTOI an6 µova&c; KOTO 0£tp0 naoay6µ&vou r.f;on>.toµou ouyK&Kptµtvou runou nou n.\l'l,poi ·,1.c; anatlT)OElC: TOU npooapTl')µaTCx: I, napaypa<POc; 2 TOU '.1cp6VT<X; napapTT)l.!OTOC: KOi avi'IK&I oe tva 1610KTl')TT), T6tt c:r-T6c an6 ~no em0&ropl)OT) K68& µovaooc; &F.on>.10µ00 o vl!VT&.A.E:cm'Jc; K '(\Q 6x1 >.ty6ttpo an6 I OTO £KOT6 TOU O,Pl9pou TWV µovabwv µnopei VQ µ&Tpl')8ci, OlJµ<P(l.lVQ µ£ TlC: 0lQT<;l(t:t<: TWV napayp6(pwv 7 µtXPI 27 TOLi nap6vroc:; npo­ oap"!i')µoTO<.;. Av TO anon:>.toµaTO TWV tF.&TCIOCWV KOi µ&­ Tf.l'lO&(uV f'..iVO,t wvo'iKO, 6>.oc; o &V 0qJOTl &~oTIAtoµ6c; µnop&i va 010TI1P116£l O£ UTlT)p&Oia w<; µovwTIK6c; eF.on>.10µ,;><; TTlC: OPXIKl)C: KOTTJ'{opia<; OUTOU '(lQ nopantpa XPOVU(6 rn<lOTT)IJO ti., eni.>V. M&rapa-ructc; &oruF.et<; nou 1axuow YIO vto eF.9n>.1oµ6 30. ftU Tfom::,pa XP6v10 OTI6 TTjV T)µ£poµllviO 0t~wc; 0& O'):u TTl<: napouooc: l:uµq,wvioc;, o~q>wva µe nc; &cir6F.e1c: Tou ap0pou :L r10paypaq,oc; I au*, ov 'A6yw e>.>J:i~ mo0l.lwv eMyxoo o OUVTe>.eOTl')c; K tF.on>.10µ00 ocv ~nopei VO µetpl')SE:i µ.c nc: &aotKOoitC:, llOU nep1yp6q>OVTOl one: napaypaq,ouc; 7 µt:xpt 27 rou nop6vwc: npooapTl)µoroc;, 11 Jv,an6+<p1on, vtou µovwµtvou eF,crv.toµou ma np'.6TUno, 1c0u :ipoj3Mnovtru OTO nap6v • nopapTT)µo, µnopci va &o­ mcrui0&i µ£ TTJV cq>apµoyri rwv ~10T6F.cwv TTlc: napoypaq,ou :- 9 l{Cll, wt n.Mov. µ£ lTjV a~10A6YT)Ol') me: µovwTIKriC: tK0 "0GjTOC: µ£ j3acrr: TT)V TlapaKOTW F-KTIµl')Ol'): To iJoywnK6 UN.K6. Twv l3ao1K<.i>v µepwv (n.A.E:uplK6 To1xw­ i;crra. c.'6n£bo, oooq,J'!, m6µ10. n6pTEc;, K.~.n.) TOU t~ori>.,oµou 8a tivo1 oocnorn11<6 oµctOµop<pou naxouc; uncP!3aivovfroc: of. µtTpo -µJiKOC: TOV ap18µ6 nou i\aµf36vtTOI µ£ TT) l'i~aip&011 TOU 0UVT&>.£cm'J 8&pµtK~ aywyiµcrrf'lTO<: TOl.i UAIKOU or, uyp6 m:p1j36),Aov µe TO ouvn:>.&oTI') K nou ona1ttiT01 'rjta TT)V KOTl)YOP!O OTI'W onoia (n,TtiTOI VO TTf.0lA'l(j)0E:i O r,~onj\10116(:. r. AnOtiOTIKOTHTA TON 0EPMIKON lYIKEYON TOY E::OnAIH~OY ruao1Kaoi£c; y10 rov npooo1op10µ6 TllC: anooOTLKPTT)tac; TWV 8&pµIKWV OUOK&UWV TOU eF.onAtoµou 31. H OTIOOOT\K6TT)TO TWV 8&pµtKWV OUOKWWV TOU tF.O­ TTAIOµOU 0a npooo1opil;tTm µe µs06oo~ nou TI£ptyp~q>oVTm one; napaypaq,o~ 32 µtXPt 47 rou nap6vrnc: npooapni­ µoToc;. Wux6µ&voc; e~on>.10µ6c; 32. 0 KE:V6c; tF.on>.1oµ6c; 0a TOTTo0E:Tf.lTOI oe µovwµtvo 06>.aµo, Tou onoiou 11 µtori 8&pµOKpaoia 0a .S1ati7peitm 0µ016µop<pll KOl CTT00tp!') µtoo CTTO ±. 0.5 °C OTOUC: 30 °C. H o-q.i6oq>otpa tou ea>.aµou, 11 onoia 0a 01aTT)pciTa1 UVP'l µe pu8µ10l') TOU oriµ.ciou uyponou'Jotwc; oTOuc; -25 °c ± 2 °C, 0a pu0µ10Tci, <i.><m: o otpoc; va KUKi\Oq>opr,i 6nwc; nep1ypaq,eTat OTT)V nap6ypaq,o 9 TOU nap6vroc; nt)Ooap­ Tl')µOToc; . . 33. Mtoa KOi tF.w on6 TO oc.i>µo, OTa Ol')µeia nou: Ka80 pil;ovT01 one; nopayp6q,ouc; 3 KOi 4 TOU nap6VTOC: npooap­ Tl)µQT<X;, 0a rono8tTT)0ouv 6pyava µsrp11oewc; 9epµ~paoiac; npoOTattu6µ&vo on6 TT)V 0Knvol3oi\io. 34. (o) ITT)v nepimwori eF.on>.10µ00 a>.>.ou on6 TQV cF.o­ TIAtoµ6 µ£ OT00£ptc; E:UlTJKT&<; mvOKiotc; KOi tF.on>.toµ6 eq>o&ooµtvo µ& ouoTl')µoTO uypaepiou, to ov<i>Tato l3apoc; tlJu(TIKOU UAIKOU, nou K00opil;tTOI ono TOV KOTOOKtiJcm'J r'l to onoio µnopci un6 Kavov1Ktc; ouv9riKtC: va ono0rjK&tJTE:i, 0a !p()pTWV£TOI OTOUC: npoj3.A.E:n6µcvouc; x~. 6TOV 'l µtOI) eowttpoo') 0£pµOKpaoia TOU OWl,AQT<X; 9a tx&1 <P960&1 TT) µtOT) &F.wttpoo') 8&pµOKpaoia TOU OWl,AQT<X; (+30 °C). 01 n6pttc;, TO OT6µ1a KOi TO aMa avoiyµaTO 9a M&.iVOVTQl KOi oi iux6v unapxouoec: OUOK£utc; eown:pu<ou OEpioµou rou t~OTIAtoµOU 9a µnaivow OE: A&IToupyia µ£ TT)V QVWTOTT) 1axu. Eni n>.tov, O£ ru:ptmWOT) ·vtou eF.oT1A1oµou, 0a µnaive1 OE: .A.E:tToupyia µtoo OTO oci>µa 0£pµavllJCl'} CJUOK&u'} µ£ 8&p 1JOVTIKT'I IKOV6TT)TQ iori npoc: TO 35 OTO E:KOT6 TTlc: avro>.­ >.ooo6µ&Vl')c; 0£pµ6TT)TOC: µtow TWV TOlXwµQTWV oe OUVE)(11 AetToupyia µtoo OTO owµa, 6tav 11 BepµOKpaoia nou npo 13tn&Tat YtO TT)V KOTT)yopio, OTT)V onoia o &F.on>.toµoc; uno­ n8tT01 6n O*E:I, txt1 ernn:uxeci. ITT) ~IOpK£10 TTlC: OOKtµTlC: &v 0a q>opTw8&i npoo0eto ~KT11(6 UAtK6. (13) IT11v nepimWOTJ e~on.\10µ00 µs oraBeptc; CIJTTIKT&C: mvwd&c; 11 &>KiµI'} 0a ru:~aµp6vet npOKaTapKTlKTI cpaori l(Q~&w<; TOU WTT)KTOU ota>.1¥)TOC:. rta TO OKOTI6 OUTOV, 6TOV 11 µtO'l'I WWT&plKI'} 8&pµOKpooio TOU O<i>µOTOC: KOi 11 BepµOKpaoia TWV rnvaKiowv 0a txf:, cp86m:t TTl µtClll f:~(1)­ T&PIKI) 0epµOKpaoia (+30 °C), 11 OUOK&u'} il.JLJF.&w<; TWV TTI­ VOKiOWV 0a 1i8&TOt 0€ A£,!TOUpyia. E:ni 18 ouvexeic; <i>pec; µera TO 'K>.cioiµo Twv 9upwv KOl rwv OToµiwv. Av 11 OUOK£t.R'] lplJf,E:w<; TWV mvOKiowv ncpt.\aµl36vc1 Kl.l(A!KO 1\£.lTOlJPVOUVTO µ11xavioµ6, ri owohu<1'l 016pK&o >.&11oupyiac; TTlC: oUOK£liJ<: 0a civru 24 wp&c;. l:TT)v nepimWOTJ vtou cF.oT1A1oµou, µ6>.1c; 0Taµon')oe1 I) ljJCJKTIK!'j OUOKClXJ, 8a µnaivE:1 m: KiVl')Ol) µtoo OTO owµo 0epµovnK!'] ouOKr.uii µe St:pµ:.ivnK;; 11<avonrra icm, µe TO 35 TOI<; &Kat6 Tll<; ei::pµo~-uoiac;, nou avroAAax&P;Kt µsow twv roixwµaTwv Of. ouv£)(1) A&tToupyia, 6Tav 11 11µ0 13Aen6µ£Vl') y1a r.1v KUTilY'.)pi.a Or,pµOt(pacic, OTT)V ono;c KOTT)yopio unoti8&t01 o·n ovr')K& o .,.~on>.mµ6<;. txc1 c1mw­ x0£i. To &6i\uµa &v 8a unoj36>.N.:rru or, onoto~no-rr: &pyaoio E:TIOV04AJ~&J.X; OTl1 016pKCIO illC: OOKtµ~. (y} '.rTT)v ru;pirr:·wOI') r,F.on>.toµou eq-,001ooµtvou µ& OtlCTf\-· para uypaepiou, 8o XPT10tµonol£iTt.:.1 "'! napa1<.6.Tw &c-51Kaoio OOKtµl)<;: 6tav fJ µtori eown:pLl<.f\ 8&pµOKpaoia TOU owµOTO<; ea txei q,860£1 Tl1 µtOI') e~0m:p1Kr'\ 0q)µo1<paoio (+30 °C), TO OOXE:io uyponouiµtvou ru:piou yq1il;ovrm OTO UljJoc; nou npol3i\tn&TOI on6 TOV KQTOOKE:UO.OTI'}. 'YOT~ Ol Sup€<;, TO OT6µta KQI TO a>v\a avoiyµara 0a KI\EiVOVTOl 6nwc; Of. KOI/OVIKT) A&!Toupyio KOi Ol TUXOV &OWT&plK€C: OUOK&utc; OEptoµOU TOU &~OMtOµOU 9o µnoiVOUV m'.: KiVl')OT) µ£ TIW avwtaTT) onMoori. 0 0tpµocm'loT11c; 9a pu8µi~ttm m: µia Br,pµoKpaoio 6x1 µcyOAuttpq ano 2 paeµouc; K6tw TllC: op10Kt'IC: 8&pµOKpaoioc: TTlC: unon0tµ&Vll<: KOTllYQPiO<: TOO i::~onAtoµu. T6tt 0a apxi~&t ri 4J(il;ri rou owµonx;. :i:ni 016pKE:IO TT)C: ~J~&w<; TOU OWµOTOC: TO KOTOVOAIOKoµEVO 4}1.A(TIK6 UNK6 OVUK09iOTOTOl TOUTO:x;>6vw<;. At.m'i 11 QVTll<.O·­ TOOTOOT) 0a yive1: Eitt '(lo tvo XP6vo, nou avnoro1xei OTO tvo16µ£00 &6 0TT)µa µ&TOF.U TTlC: tvapF.flC: t.µvf;ewc; KOi TllC: onyµric: KOTO 1TJV onoia 11 npoj3.A.E:n6µeV17 9epµoKpooio YtO TT)V KalTjyopia, ITT17V onoia o eF.on>..10µ6c; unoTi9E:Tm 6-r: avT')K&t, emTtuXBti yta nP<illTI q,opa, EiTE: YtO &6p1<&10 tp1wv wpwv uno>.oyil;ovrac: ono "fl1V tvapF.11 TTlC: ~&w<;, 6no1c dvru 13PaXUT&pO. ·ntpa ono OIJ1TJV TT)V nepiooo, &v 0a (j)opTWVE:TOi np6 o9no tµJKTIK6 UAIKO OTT) ~16pK&O TT)<:; OOKiµl'}c;. '.rTT)v nepimwori vtou c~orwoµou, 0a µnaive1 oe KiVl')Ol') µtoo OTO owµota 8&pµOVTU<l) OUOK.tt.ni 0epµavnKI'}<: IKOVO­ TT)TOC: ioric; µe TO 35 OTO f.KOT6 TTlC: OVTa>.AOOOoµ&VllC: 0epµ6TT)tac; µtow rwv ro1xwµarwv oe owe:xr'l .A.E:1roupyio, 6TOV txc1 E:TIITCUX0&i 11 0&pµOKpooia TT)<; KOTT)yopiac;. 35. H µtOI') E:F.WTE:ptKT} 9&pµoKpaoio KOl 11 µtori E:OWT&ptKI) 0epµOKpooio rou oc.i>µoroc: 9a &a'3a~tT01 Ka0E:µia 6x1 >.ty6 repo on6 µia cpop6 K60c 30 >£ma. 36. H ~OKiµ!') 9a owexil;n01 eni 12 wpec: aq>6Tou ri µtOI') E<l>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEOI (TEYXOI nPOTO) 141 WWT&p11<1') 9cpµOKpaoia TOU OWµOTCX: CXEt q>060&1 TO KQ­ TWT€p0 npop>.£n6µevo 6pto yta T11V KOTTlYopia, OtTJV onol.a unoti9£Tru 6T1 avr')K£1 o cE,on>.10µ6c; (A-+7 °c, B--10 °c, C--20 °C, D-0 °C) I'), OlT)V nepimW011 ~on>.topou µc OTa8eptc; CUlT)KTCC: mvaldocc;, µ&TO TO 0Taµ6T11µa TTl~ ou­ OK&u')c:; ljJ(J~. H OOKLµJ') ea 8ewpciTOl U(QVOTIOITJTIKI') av '1 µtori &OWTEptKI') 9cpµOKpaoia TOU ~TCX: ocv uncpj3c{ TO npoavaq,cpetv KOTWTOTO 6pto KOTO TTJV npoavaq>cpi>µc"'l &ooci<awp11 ncplooo. • MTJXOVll(Q qJUX6µevoc; ~on>.top6c;. 37. H &>KtµJ') ea. ~ax9ci µc TIC: ouv81')Kcc:;, nou rtePL­ ypaq,ovTru CTTI<; napaypaq>OU<: 32 KOl 33 TOU nap6VToc; napapn'lµaToc;. • 38. 'OTav '1 µtori COWT&poo) 9cpµOKpaoia TOU O<i>µaToc; q>06oe1 TTlV ~wTEpucl') 8epµOKpaoia (+30 °C), 0t Bupcc:;, TO OT6µta KQl TO 6.Ua avol.yµaTO ea MClVOVTQI KQI TJ IJlt.l(TIKI') ouOKeu') Kat 01 eowTEpuctc:; oUOKcutc:; aeptopou, av unapxow, ea µnaivow a& Kl"'lOTJ µc TTlV avw-r&pTJ an~. Eni n>.tov, OtTJV ncpimwori vtou eE.onN.oµou, 9a µnaivEt oe Ki"'lOTJ µtoa OTO owµa 9cpµaVTIKI') OUOKCu') µe 9cpµaVTIKI') U(QV6T11TQ iori npoc; 35 OTQ &KOT6 T11<: OVTaMaoo6µevric:; 8epµ6T11TOC: µtow Twv w1xwµ6Twv oe owexl') >..c1Toupyia, 6rov emTeuxeei l"I npol3A.cn6µcV11 9cpµOKpaoia yta TTlV KOT11Yopia, OtTJV onoia unoti9eTat 6T1 avr')K£1 o eE,on>.10µ6<;. 39. H µ£0TJ ~WT&poo') 9epµOKpaoia KQl l"I µ£0TJ COWT&pucl') 8epµOKpaoia TOU o<i>µaToc; ea &aj3a~OVTOI '1 Ka9cµia TOU­ MXIOTO µ10 q>opa K69e 30 ACTTTCI. 40. H 60Kiµt') 9a OLN&Xil;CTQl eni 12 <i>pec; an6 6TOV ea txe1 &mTWX9ci l"I µCOTJ &OWTCp11<1'1 9epµOKpaoia: EiT& TO KOTWT&po 6pto nou npoj3Atn&TOI yIa TTJV KOTTJYOpia OtTJV onoia unoTi9&Tru 6T1 O'vT)KEt o eE,on>.10µ6c; OtTJV nc­ pimWOl'l TWV KOTTlVoplWV A, B KQI C (A-0 °C, B--10 °C, C--20 °C)· ei-r& Enineoo 6x1 KOTWT£PO an6 TO avw-r&po npoj3>..cn6µevo 6p10 ytO TTJV KOT11Y0pia OlT)V onoia unoti0&TOI 6T1 avr')KCI 0 eE OTTN.OJJ6c; OTTJV n&piTTTWOl'l TWV KOTTlVoPLWV 0, E KQl F (D-0 °C, E--10 °C, F--20 °C). H &>Kiµt') 9a 9ewpTJ9ei U(QVOTTOITJTIKI'), av l"I tµJKTIKI') OUOK&ut') civru oc etori va &aT11pci nc; npoj3>..en6µevcc:; ouv9t')Kec; 9cpµOKpaoiac; 01T) &apKEta T<a>V npoavaq>ep6µcvwv 12wpwv ncp1Mwv, av u­ napxow, T11<: aUT6µaT11c; on6~uE.11<: TTlC: ·tlKJ(nKl')c:; µovaooc; µri Aaµj3av6µcvric:; un6$1. 41. Av l"I q.uKTIKt') OUOK&ul') µc 6Aa TO eE,apn;µoTO a~c; txe1 unoj3ATJ9ei XWPIOTCI, KQTCI Tp6no IKOVOTTOO,TIK6 ytQ TTJV apµ6&a apxl'), oc 60Kiµt') yta Tov npoo61op10µ6 TTlC: npay­ µaTIKl')c; tJ,uKnK!')c:; ucav6T11TOC: one:; npol3>..cn6µevec:; 9epµo­ KpaoiE:c; avaq>opac:;, o µcTaq>OptK6(; eE.on>.10µ6<; µnopci va yivEt anoocKT6c; oav ""-'KnK6c; eE.on>.10µ6c; xwpic; va uno 13ATJ0ci oc OOKtµt') anoo6oewc; av '1 ""-'KTIKI') IKOV6T11TO T11C: OUOKCu')C: oe OLNCxl') ACIToupyia unepj3aive1 TIC: 8epµ1Ktc:; on<i>Act&<: µtow Twv TOtXwµ6Twv. yI0 TTJV eE.no~6µcvri Ka­ TTJVoPia, noManAaoi~6µevri µr. To ouVTe>..con; 1.75. E­ VTOUT01c;, auTtc: 01 &aT6E.e1c: &v 0a txouv e;popµoV!'I oe £E.onA1oµ6 nou U108&Tl')8'1KC oav eE,orw.oµ6c; avaq>opac;, 6nwc; ovaq>tp&TQl OTO npOCJapT11µ0 I, napaypaq>oc; 2, TOU nap6VToc; napapTl')µOToc;. 42. AV TJ µT')XOVU<CI llJt!XOUOO µovaoo OVTIKOTOOT08ei µc µovaoa 61Qq>opcTIKou wnou, T'l apµ6&a apxr'l µnopci: (a) VO ~T')Tl')O&l 6mo<; 0 eE.oM1oµ6c; unof3).,ri0ii OTOUC: npooi51op1oµouc; KOi rnOA118euoe1c; nou np0!3Mnovrm one; napaypaq>ouc; 37 µtxp1 40· r'] • (P) vo ne100f.i 6n 11 npayµaTU<.r) l!>UKTtKt') 1Kav6TTJTO m<:; vtoc; µ11xavu«'.l ~TIKfK uov6&lc; eiv0t, CTrr) &:pµoKpaoi.a nou npol3Mnnat Y\O e~orwoµ6 TTlC:: OVTIOTOI~ KOTTJVOpiac;, TOUMXtOTOV iOT') µe CKf.iVTJ TTlC: µovaooc:; nou OVTU<QTOOT60l)K£" I') (y) va n.c109c( 6n l"I npayµaTIKI') ~TIKI') U<av6TTJTO TTJ<: vtac; µTJXOVlKO tlJU(TIKt')c; µova&l<; fWlpol. TIC: npouno&aetc:; TTlC: napaypaq>ou 41. eepµa1v6µevoc; eE,orwop6<; 43. 0 KCV6c; ~OTTN.oµ6c; 9a TOTio8€T&ITQl O& µov<a>µtvo 96Aaµo, TOU onoiou '1 9epµOKpaoia 9a 610TTJpciTOI C>µOl6 µopq>TJ KOi OT09epl') 01T) xaµriMT&p!l oovan') j3a9µioo. H QTµOO<j)Olpa TOU 9aMµou 9a pu9µtoTci VO KOOoq,opci 6nwc; n&ptypaq>cTOI OlT)V napaypaq>o 9 TOU nap6VToc; npooap­ n')µaToc;. 44. Mtoa KQl tE w an6 TO O<i>µa 9a TOTio8cT1180tJV 6pyava µ&Tpt')a&wc; TTl<: 9epµoKpaoia<; npooTaT&u6µcva an6 TTlV a,mvoj3olli OTa oriµcia nou opi~oVT01 one:; n.apaypaq>OU<: 3 KOi 4 TOU nap6VToc; npooapTl')µaToc;. 45. 01 eupcc:;, TO OT6µta KQl TO aMa avpiyµaTa 9a KACIOTOUV KOl 9a µnouv oc Ki"'lOTl µc TTJV av<i>TOTTl an6ooorJ o cE,o­ n>.toµ6<; 9cpµavoewc; KQl Ol OUOKcutc:; &OWT€ptKOU OE:PlOlJOU, av unapxow. 46. H µCOTJ eE,wT&ptKI') 9cpµOKpaoia KOi 11 µCOTJ COWTEptKI') 9epµOKpaoio TOU oci>µaToc; 9a 6~0VTOI K09eµia 6xI M­ y6T&po OU)(VO an6 µia q>opa K69e Tpt<lVTQ >..cma. 47. H 60Kiµt') ea owexil;eTru eni 12 <ilpec:, aq>ou l"I &aq,opa µ&TOE.LI TTlC: µ£OTJ<:;, COWTEpuct')c; 9epµOKpaoia<; Kat TTJc: µ£0TJC: cE.w-r&poo')c; 9cpµOKpaoiac; TOU owµawc:; q,96oEt TO cninroo nou OVTIOTOIX&i one; ow9t')K&<:; nou npoj3.\tnOVTQI YIO TTJV KOTTJyopia, OlT)v onoi.a unoTi9&TOl 6n avr')KEt o eE,bM1oµ6c;, auE,av6µcvo KOTQ 35 OTO &KOT6 OtTJV n&piITTWOTl vtou eE,onN.oµou. H 60Kiµt') ea 0cwpciTOl IKOVOTIOl'1TU<t'l av T1 9epµaVTIKi; OUOKEu') eivat ucavt') VO &OTTlPt'IOEt Tl'\V npop>.£­ n6µ&"'1 61aq>op6 9epµOKpaoiac; 0tTJ 6tapKClO T<a>V 12 npoa­ vaq>ep6µevwv wpwv. 'EK9r.OTJ OOKtµt')c; .. 48. ea OlNTOOO&TOI tK0&0TJ 60Kiµi')c; TOU KOTa.Mr)AOU \'lO TO oOKiµ~6µcvo eE,onN.oµ6 nmou yta K69e &>Kiµt') Ol4Jq><a>va µc TO tva t') TO QAAO an6 TO TIOpaKQTW np6nma 3 µtXPl TO 5. Ena.>..t')9euori TTJC: anOT&A£oµOTtK6Tl'\TOC: 9epµU<<i>V ou­ OKCUWV c~on>.toµou O& UTlT)pcoia 49. r1a va enOAl')9eun:i 6nwc; nep1yp61~n01 OTO npooap­ T11µa I, napaypaq>OI 1((3) KOi l(y) TOU nap6vroc; napapn'lµaToc; l"I anOT&AE:0µ0TIK6T11TO TTlC: 9epµu<r')c; OUOKeu')c;, K69e TUTTOU lpU)(6µcvou, µTJXOvtK6 ""-'X6µevou n 9epµruv6µevou eE,on>.t • oµou oe A&IToupyia 01 apµM1£c; apxtc: µnopii:. Na eq>apµ6l;ow nc; µc96oouc; nou neptypaq>ovTot one; napaypaq>ouc; 32 µ£XPI 47 TOU nap6VToc; napapll')µaToc;·t') Na &opi~ouv e115u<ouc; va eq,apµ{)l;ouv nc; napa1<6Tw 610 T9E,c1c;: (a) i.vux6µcvoc; eE,on>.1oµ6c; ea CTIOATJ9et£TQl 6n I') £0WT£PU<I') 9&pµOKpaoia TOU K€VOU eE,on>.toµcu, no1' npoTJv~vwc; txe1 ax9&i OtTJV &E.wTcpucri 9epµoKpaoia, µnopci va ox9r.i cnTJ 0a::pµOKpaoia 6pto TTlC: KOTTJyopiac;. <J1TtV onoio OVl')KCl o £.~OnNpµ6(:, 6nwc; &0Aaµ 136vna1 OTO nap6v nap6pT11µ0 KOi. va &OTTJPl')9ci KOTW an6 TTlV ttpoavaq>ep6µeVT) 9r.pµoKpaoia 6p10 y10 XPOVU<O 61601T)µO ttTOlO WOT& 12l!.0 T ~ ------·- 6nou TO l!.0 dvm n. &aq,opa µ&TaE,u !10" + 30 °c Kot TI'\<: npoavaq>cp6µc"'l~ 9epµOt(/)Ooioc; ◊plO Kot TO l!.0' eivm T1 OlW!).OpCl µ&TO~U TTl<: µtoric:; rf;wTq.iU<.~c; 9i;pµOKpaoiac; CHT) &'1>KCIO TIJ<: 60Ktµt')c; KOt Tl'\C: npoava(llcp6pevqc; 8cpµo1<.paoiac; 6pto, µc &(WT£PIKl'l &:pµoKpa'.Jia ox: xopl').\6TtP11 Twv + 1.5 c:c. Av TO -inon:>.t­ oµaTa tivm ~lNOlKO, o .f;~onMoµ6<.; µno~.i va 5taTTJPrJ9Ei 0£ UTIT)pcoio oov lj>ux6µcvoc; £~0TTN.oµ6c; TT)<; apXIKflC: KO­ TTlYOPia<; TOIJ ytQ napantpa XPOVIK6 6l601T)µa 6xI navw an6 Tpia XP6vta. 142 ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPOTO) (P) Mrixaw.a ~x~v<><; ec,orwoµ6<; ea EnaAri8WTci 6n, 6TOV 'l Ec,WT&po(T) 9€pµOKpaoi<l &:v Eivru xaµl")A6T&pt'l an6 + 15 °C, ri EOWT&poo'i 8q>µOKpaoia Tou KEvoo cf;orwoµou µnop&i va ax9cl: ItT)V nepimWOT) cf;orwoµou TWV KOtT)YoptWV A, B "' r, C1UlV c>.ax10tT) 9q>µOKpaoia, 6nw<; np°'3,\tnETOl OTO nap6v napaptT)µa, . rtT)v ru:pimWOP, Ec,on>.10µou TWV KOtT)YoptWV D, E T) F OtT) 9€pµOKpooia 6p10, 6nu><; TTEptyp6q>ETCll OTO nap6v na­ paptT)µa. . Av TO anoT&>.toµaTO civ01 wvoiKa, o Ec,on>uoµ6c; µriope:i va 01atT)p'l8ci oe; unripwia oav µ11xav1Ka l,l.'ux6u£voc; ~c,0 nN.0µ6<; 1llC: apxooic: KOTTJYopiac; tou YtO napontpa ru:piooo 6Xl µeya>.ur&p'l TWV tpl<i>v ETWV. (y) 6q>µa1v6µcv<><; ~orwoµ6c; 0a ETTCW,8EUETOl 6TI 'l &mpop6 µETOC,U Til<; €0WttPIKl'lc; aq>µOl(pooia<; Too &c,orw.oµou KOl tTIC: cf;c1m:P1Ki'lc: 0cpµo­ xpaoiac; nou oitru:1 Tl1V KatT)yopia OTTJV onoia OVflKEI o ::~orwoµ6c;, 6nwc; ra:piypOq>ETOI OTO nap6v napap'rrJµa OlOq>Opa 22 °C CTTTJV ru:pimwori TTIC: KOtT)yopiac; A KO! 32 °C OtT)v nq>imwori tTIC: KatT)yopia~ 8) µnop&i va ETTIT&ux9€i ~;m va t5taTTJP'l8ci YtO 6XL Aty6n:po an6 12 wp&c;. A'v ta OTTOTE>.toµata &iVOL €lNO.iK0, o &c,orw.oµ6<; µnop&i va &o­ TTJP'l8ci OE unripcoia oav 8&pµ01v6µ£voc; &c,onN.oµ6c;: tTIC: apxlKTlC: TOU KOtT)yopiac; YtO napantpo m;piooo 6x1 µgya­ Aut&p'l TWV TptWV &TWV. (o) lUOTCIC,€1.C: KOlV£C: ylO -i,ux6µevo, µT)XOVIKQ liJuXOµEVO xru 9£pµwv6µ£vo &c,on>.1oµ6 (1) Av TO OTTOT&>.toµaTO &v EiVOI ELNOiKO, 0 liJux6µ£voc;, µT)XOVIKCI liJuXC>µCVO<; T) 8&pµ01v6µ£voc; &c,on>.10µ6<; µi'tope:i va &atT)pT)9£i 0£ unripe:oia OtT)V QpXIKTl TOU KOtT)Yopia u6vo, av n&p6.0£10€ OT08µ6 &>.tvxou TIC: OOl(iµtc: nou npoj3>.tnoVTOI OT\<; napoyp6.q,ouc:; 32 KQI 47 TOU nap6VTO<; npOOOpTT)µOTC><;' µnope:( UOTEpo VO &atT)pT)8Ei 0€ unrip&oia OtT)V QpXLK~ TOU KOtT)yopia yIa napantpa xpovlK6 &OOtT)µO tc,1 &TWV. (u) Av o cc,orwoµ6c; ouvi0To101 an6 µovao&<; e:v ·b&ipa 11apay6µcvou ~x6µevou, µrixaVIKO q,ux6µcvou I') 8q>µt:uv6 µtvou e:c,onN.oµou OlJYK&Kpiµtvou nmou, nou n>.ripdi nc: npouno8tOElC: TOU npooapTT)µOTO<; I, napaypoq>oc; 2 TOU '1ap6VTO<; napapTT)µOTC><; KOi OVflK&l OE tvav IOlOKTT)tT), T6T& ntpov an6 µ10 &m8&ci>pl")Ofl TWV 8&pµ1K<i.>V OUOKWWV yia VO sE,aoq,cwOT&l 6n 'l YEVt.Kt'} TOUC: KQTUOTOOfl cpaiVETOI VO Elva1 lKOVOTTOl'lTIKTJ, 11 onOOOTIKOtT)TQ TWV 4)U(TIKWV r') 9£pµav;n,<wv OUOKEUWV TOUACJXIOTOV 1 OTO EKOT6 TOU ap18µqu TWV µo­ v6'5wv µnopci VO npooo1op10T&l 0£ OT08µ6 &>.tvxou ouµq,wvo µ£ TIC: OlOTOc,€1<; twv nopoyp6.q,wv 32 µtXpt 47 Tou nap6vtoc; npooapTT)µaToc;. Av TO anote>.toµOTO TWV ec,&TOOE~V KOi TOU npooo1oploµOU tTIC: ano&>TIK6TT1TO<: &ivai tuvo·iK<i, 6A<><; o un6 Kpiori ec,orwoµ6c;, µnopci va 5tOTTJPfl8E:t o& uflllP£oia OtT)V apxucri TOU KOtT)yopia YtO napantpa n£piOOO tc,1 £TWV. Met°'30T1Kt<; &at~1c: nou 1axuouv via vto &c,orwoµ6 50. r10 Ttoocpa xp6v10 ano tTI 8tOTJ o& 1oxu tTIC: napouoac; Iuµq>wviac; o~cpwvo µe nc: ~IOTOc,€1.<: TOU ap8pou II, nap6 ypatpoc; I ouTI')<;, ov Myw E:Mtilµ&wc; OTa8µwv v.tvxou ri OTIOOOTIK6tT)TO TWV 9£pµu<WV OUOKWWV TOU Ec,OTWoµOU &;v µnop&l va npooo1op10Tci µ& TIC: 01afuaoi£c; nou np~­ noVT01 one: napayp6.q,ouc; 32 µtxpt 47 TOU nap6vt<><; npo­ oopTtiµornc;, 'l ouµµ6pcpwo11 npoc; TO np6TUno vtou q,ux6µevou, µ11xoV1KO ~x6µevou I'} 8£pµa1v6µ&vou eE;orw.-· oµou, µnopci VO &na>.T)9£UT&i µe tT)V €(j)(lpµoYli TWV ()IQTQ­ c,&wv TTJc: napayp6q,ou 49 TOU nap6VToc; npooaplllJOTO<;. napaptT)µo 1, npoooptT)µa 3 A. Yn6&1yµa EVTIJnou m0To·nou,T1Koo ouµµ6pq,WOT)~ TOU e:c,orw.oµou, 6nwc; ra:p1ypucp&t01 oTo napapiT)µo I, npooap­ tT)µa I, napaypaq,oc; 4 ENTYno rnnonotHTIKOY rlA MONOMENO, lVYXO­ MENO, MHXANIKA lVYXOMENO 'H 0EPMAINOMENO E­ =OnAIIMO nov XPHIIMOnOIEITAI rlA TII l1IE0NEII META4>OPEI EYnAeON TPO<l>IMON .6.IA ::HPAI 11 61 E=OnAIIMOI MONOMENOI IVYXOMENOI MHXANll<A IVYXOMEI-K)I €!EPMA1NOMENOI 5-'.~ • rnnonOIHTIKO 2L eK&o6µevo 13<,'.10&1 TTJC: Iuµq>wviac; y1a 01£8v&ic; µ&tacpoptc; wno8ci>v Tpoq,[µwv KOi y10 • tov El&K6 EE,on>uoµ6 noll 9a XP'lmµonolciTat y1· OUT£<: TIC: µE:TO(j)Opt<; (ATP) 1. EKoioouoa apxfl ................................................................ .. 2. Ec,onN.oµ6c; :JI 3. Ap18µ6<; avayvwpioewc; .. ... . ... ... .... . &Mµevoc; an6 ..... . 4. l&OKtT)oioc; T'J >.uTOupy<i.>v on6 ....................................... . 5. Ynol3a>.>c&rnt an6 6. EYKpivc101 oav ~ ............................................................... . 6.1. µ£ µla I'} ncp1006TEP&C: 8&pµ1Kt<; ouoKwtc: nou civ01: 6.1.1. ov&E;OptT)T&C: ) 6.1.2. µ11 QVEc,ClptT)T&C: ) 5L 6.1.3. µE:TOKIVOUjJ€VE<; ) 6.1.4. µ11 µ&TOKIVOUµ£V€<: ) 11 tJ1QJ<ptT1K6 OT]µ€io me: xwpac;, onax; XPrJo,µonOtEiTw oe aefJveic; olitKtc; µemq,optc;. 2/ To AelM6 rnuronOUJTIKO 0a eKwnwveTw OTT/ y..\wooa 11/C: f;K6{&Juoac; xwpac; KW ora ayyAtKa, yaA..\tX"a t1 pwOLKa· ra otaq,opa OTOtXeia 0a Qpt~OUVTQI onwc; OTO napanav'w uno&,yµa. Ji Avaq>tpan: runo ({3ay6vi, q,opmyo, puµou..\K0tpevq, 17µ1PuµOUNCouµgvo eµnopwµarOKl/kimo, K.ArrI oe neµinr,oor, t:~orrA1oµou &{aµt:vrjc; y1a TT/ µemq,opa uypwv Tp<><piµwv, npoo8toaTe TT/ ..\t{17 ·&:{aµt:vrj". ~I napafJtOTf: e&iJ µla rj nepioaon:pec; ant> nc; nep,ypaq,tc; nou avaq,tpovm, OT,J 1Tpooaopmµa 4 rov rrapovrcx; rrapaprrjµaroc; µa(i µe ro avrior0txq aaKptTIK6 OT}µeio rj OT}µeia. • QI Ana).eil/}an: 6, n &v txf:l eq>apµoy,j. • 6/ 0 ap18µoc; (voi4)epa, ypawam K.An.) nou &ixvouv mv f;K6i/5ouoa ro rnororrOITJnK6 apxr, KOJ rr1v avQ(popa me; ey,cpiowc;. ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPQTO) 143 7. B60T1 £Ko6o£wc:; TilOTOnOlllTIKOU 7. 1T o nap6v TilOTOTIOt11TIK6 £KOi&TOl Eni Tl'J J36o&l TWV ) 7.1.1. OOKlµWV TOU ~orwoµou ) 7.1.2. ouµµ6p<P<OOl'l<: npoc; TOV &(onAJ.oµ6 av0<popac; .) 7 .1.3. TI&plOOIKI')<; &m8c(l)f)f)O£WC:: j / ) 7.1.4. µ£Taj3aTIK<i>V OIOTO(oov. ) 7.2.Av TO TilCTTOTIOlflTIK6 £KOlO&TOl I.I£ f36°'1 OOKiµf} I') µ& avaq,opa oc ~onAl.oµ6 TOU 1oi.ou nmou nou txe1 uno13A118ci O£ OOKiµf), Ka0opioaT&: 7.2.1 To OTa0µ6 c>.tvxou ....... : ........................... . 7.2.2. Tl'J q)lJ011 TWV OOKlµWV 21 ......................... . 7.2.:J. TOV api0µ6 Tl'JC:: £K8toooc; 7.2.4. TO OWT&1'£CTTI') K ......................................... . 7.2.5. Tl'JV npayµanKI') $4.JKnKI') IKOV6Tl'JTO 3/ O& &(WT&ptKf) 8&pµOKpaoia 30 °C KQl OE &OWT&p!Kf) 0&pµOKpaoia ...... 0c ..... w oµoiwc:;- ...... 0c ..... w oµoiwc:;- ...... 0c .... .w 8. To nap6v ffiOT01lOITlTIK6 loXIJtl µtXPt ............. . 8.1. 1,.1& TOV 6po 6n: • 8. 1. 1. To µovwµtvo oc.i)µa (Kru 6nou txe1 &q>apµoyl'J, 11 8cpµOVTIKf) OUOK&Uf)) OINTl'JP&lTOI O& KOAf) KQTOOTOOTJ. 8.1.2. Kaµla OUOIOOTIKf) Tpononoir)ori. O&V ylv&TOI one:: 0epµavnKt<: OUOK&utc;· KOi . 8.1.1. av 11 8cpµavnK!') OUOK&uf) OVTIKOTOOT00&1, avn­ K00iOTOTOI µ& 8cpµOVTIKf) OUOK&Uf) iOfl<: f) 1.1£VOAUT£PflC:: $UKTIKf)C:: umv6Tl'JTO<:. 9. 'EV1V£ &lC:: ................ .... .. 1 o. Tl'JV ......................... . (H apµM10 apxl'J) B. niv(ll(ioa ouµµ6pip<OOT)c; TOU c(onAl.oµou, 6nwc:; npo(3Atnuru OTO napapTflµa I, npoo6pTflµO I, nap.4 1. H mva,doa mOTonou'Jo&w<; ea &ivm µ6viµa TOno8&TflµlVfl KOi oe Kaeapa opaTt'! etor1 KOVTa oe ono1a&')noT& aM11 mvOKioa &VKploewc; nou txe1 &Koo0ei y1a enioriµouc; OKOno(K;. H mvOKioa, Ol,\J(l)wva µe ,o un6&1yµa nou avanmoUTOI napaKOTW, ea tx&l TO oxt'\µa op0oy<i>vtac;, avno(&IOWTIKflC::: nup[µax11<: mvaKi&l.<: 01acrraoew"'. Tou>.ax1crrov 160 XIA. em 1()() XIA.. 0a avaypaq>OVTOl &uavayvwOTa KOi ea &IVOI ave­ (lTl'JAO Ta napaKOTW CTTOlX&ia navw OTTlV mvQl(iOO TOuM­ x10Tov OTTlV OVYAU<fl I') ya>.N.Kl') r'l pwOIKfl y>,.<i>ooa: (a) TO >,.anvtKa ypaµµaTa "ATP" aKo>,.ou0ouµcva an6 TIC:: >,.t~r,1c; "KATAMH/\0 rlA METM>OPA EYnA00N TPOcl>I­ MON", (~) "APl0MOI: ErKPII:Eor· QKOAOU0ouµt:voc:: an6 TO otaKp!TIK6 ol')µa (oe 01&8v&lc; 0011<tc; KUKAoq>Opi£c;) TOU Kp(l­ TOUC:: OTO onoio XOP11Yri0T)K& 11 ty1<p1ori KOi TOV ap18µ6 lvouµepa I) ypaµµOTQ K.An.) T'lC: avaq,opac; Tl'JC: EVKPiO&w<;, (y) • APl0MOI: E::On/\lI:MOY" UKOAOU0ouµevoc; an6 TOV aTOµtK6 ap18µ6 nou oi.V&TOI via lT)V avayv<i>p10T) TOU OUVKt: 1:A naAt:iqx:m: o, n &v txe1 eq,apµoyrj. ~/ (·10 napaooyµa: µovwmuj IKQVOTT)TQ rj anooonx6J7]TO Tit.IV 8epµavnKwv ouoKt:LJ<i.,v. 31 Dnou T] /Jf.TPl1or/ yivnru ouµq;wva µe m;- &ara~o½ rou 1 rp,.xmp,;jµaro<:; 2 napaypaq>oc: 42 rou nupovux; rrapap rrj­ µaror -. Kµ1µlvou ell'io~ &f,on>,.1oµou ( nou µnopei va elva1 o ap18µ6c; TOU KOTaOK&U<lOTfl), • (l>) "TO I:HMEIO ATP" (]1(0hOU0ouµevo an6 TO &(ll(p!TI1<6 OTJ1.1£iO nou npo~Mn£TOI OTO napapTl'Jµa I, npooapTflµa 4, nou avnOTOtX£i OlTIV K>.0011 Kat Tl'JV KOTl'Jyopia TOU eE;onAl.­ oµou, (&) "II:XYEI MEXPI" OKOAOU0ouµ£VO an6 TflV 11µ£poµ11via (µl'Jva KOl tTO<;) KOTO TflV onoia 'l tyKplOTJ T'l<: µovaoac:: TOU ~onAl.oµou N'}ye1. Av 11 tVKPIOTl avav&<i.>8ci uon:pa an6 &>Kiµl'J 11 ern8c<i>p110TJ, µnopci va npoOT£0ci OTTlV io1a ypaµµti 11 &TI()l,.l&Vfl 'lµ&poµflvia. • 2. Ta ypaµµOTa "ATP" KOi TO ypaµµaro TOU l>IOKPtTIKOU OTJ1.1£iou nptn&t va txow ulP()<; nepinou 20 XIA. Ta aMa ypaµµaTa KOl VOUµ&pa O&V nptn£1 va txouv ~ KQT(I) TWV 5 XIA. KATAMH/\0 rlA META<l>OPA 1 a ATP s EYnA00N TP04>IMON >< 13 APl0MOI: ErKPII:EOI:: (GB-LR-456789) • 8 y APl0MOI: E::On/\lHJIOY: (ABl12C987) • 0 I:HMEIO ATP : (A N A) • r £ II:XYEI MEXPI : (11-1985) • 1- 160 XIA. • Ta OTOIX&ia 0£ naptv0£011 15iVOVTOI w<; napa&tyµa. napapTflµO I, npooapTl'JµO 4 6IAKPITIKA I:HMEIA nov 0A TonoeETH00YN I:E El6IKO EOni\lI:MO ,.,; ·• Ta &(ll(plTIKO Ollµ&la, nou n~tnOVTOI OTO npoo<'.lpTT)µa 1 napaypaq,oc; 5 Tou nap6VTo<; napapTt'!µaTo<;, ea anott­ AOUVTOl an6 K&q>OAaia >,.anv11<6 ypaµµaTO 0£ OKoupo µrw: navw Ot: 1'£uK6 q>6vTO· TO ~ TWV ypaµµOTWV ea &[VOI Tou>.ax10Tov 100 XIA. Ta oriµela ea t:ivw 6nwc; napaK61w: E(on>.10µ6<; t..tOKpiTIK6 OT)l.l£io KavoVU<a µovwµtvoc; e(onAl.oµ6c; Bape1a µovwµtvoc; e~on>.1oµ6c; KaTl'Jvopla A tt,ux6µevoc; ~onAloµ6c; I.I£ KQVOVIKfl µ6vw011 KaTl'Jvopia A $UX6µ£vo<; ~on>Joµ6c; µe 13aPt:1a µ6vwori KaTl'Jyopia 8 ~xoµevoc; e~on>.1oµ6c; µe 13aPt:1a µ6vw011 KaTflvopia C tt,ux6µevoc; e(onAloµ6c; µe l3aPt:16 µ6VW°'1 KoTl'Jvopia D $ux6µevoc; cl;on>Joµ6c; µe KOVOVIKfl µ6VWOT1 , KOTl'JYOpia D $UX6µevoc; E:t,OTIAI00µ6c; 1,.1& 13aPt:1a µ6vw011 KaTl'JyOpia A µ17xav1K6 4-5JX6µevoc; e~on>.10µ6<: µ& KaVOVIKfl µ6VW01) . , KaTT)yopia A µT)xavtK6 tV"JX6µevoc; t:~on>.1oµoc; µe j3ape16 µ6vw011 KaTl'Jvopia 8 µl)XOVIKO tµUXOIJ&VOC: &~OnA1oµ6c; µ£ KaVOVtKl) µ6VWOTJ · IN IA ANA ARA ARB RAC AND ARD FNA FRA FNB• 144 E<DHMEPII T~I KYBEPNIHIE~I (TEYXOI nPOTO) KaTl')yop(a B µ11xaV1K6 ljlux{)µ&v~ cf;orwoµ6c; µc 13<Jp&t6 µ6vwor, • Kanwop(a c µrixav11<a ljlux6'Jcv~ ~orwoµ6c; µf! KQV0VU<l') µ6VW011 KaTl')yop(a C µrixav11<6 ljll.JX6µcv~ ~orwoµ6<; µc j3ap&ia µ6vwor, KaTl')yop(a D µJlXavtK6 ljluX6'JcV~ cE;on>.Ioµ6c; µf! KQV0VU<l') µ6V<OOTI • KaTl')yop(a D µJ')XOVIK6 ljluX6'JcV~ cf;on>.I0µ6<; µ£ j3ap&IO µ6VWOT) KaTl')yop(a E µrJXavtK6 ljll.JX6µcv~ ~orwoµ6<; 1,1.t KQV0VU<l') µ6vwor, • KaTl')yop(a E µJlXOW<0 ljll.JX6µcv~ cf;on>.toµ6<; 1,1.t j3ap&IO µ6VWOT) KaTl')yop(a F µJlX0VU<6 ljll.JX6µcv~ ~on>.ioµ6<; µf! KQV0VU<r') µ6V<OOTI . KaTl')yopia F µJ1XavtK6 IJ)uX6µcv~ cE;onAioµ6<; I.I£ j3ap&ia ·µ6VWOT) KaTl')yop(a A 8cpµaiv6µcv~ ~on>.ioµ6c; µe K0V0VIKI') µ6v<OOJ') FRB FNC• FRC FNO FRO FNE• FRE FNF• FAF KaTl')yop(a A 8E:P1J01v6µcv~ ~on>.ioµ6<; 1,1.t 13<Jp&ia µQVWOTJ CAA . KaTl')yopia B 8cpµa1v6µcv~ cf;on>.toµ6c; 1,1.t j3apcl6 µ6vWOT) CAB Av o cE;on>.ioµ6c; dvai C<POOlO<.Tµtv~ 1,1.t aqKllpOUµ£VC~ ,; µI") av~apTI'l~ 8cpµaVTlKt~ OUOKCUC~. TO 15tQKptTUC6 OTJJCi0 l') OJ')l,l.tia 8a ouµn>.ru>wvoVTai 1,1.t TO ypaµµa X. H l'Jµ£poµrivia (µr')va~ tT~). nou napan9crai m~.upwva 1,1.t TI'lV napaypa(p0 A, OJ')µct0 8 OTO npooapTl')µa 3 TOU na­ p6VT~ napapTl')µaT~ ~ l'Jµq)0µ1'Jvia AJ'JE;&i.K; TOU TTIOTO­ TIOtl')TU<OO nou CK&.&TOI oc . oxtori 1,1.t T0V cE;on>.ioµ6, 8a avayp6q>cTOI KOT(&) an6 TO 15tOKptTU<6 OJ')µei0 1'l ro orJµ£ia nou npoavQ(j)tpoVT0L Yn6&:tyµa: ANA 5- µ,;va~ (Mai~) 5 - 1974 1974- tT~ ME;e~ TOU nlOT0TIOll'JTUCOU ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPOTO) AYTIKOTacm\ocin: TO napopTl)IIG 311£ TO ffapOl(OTW: '1lapapnn1a 3 IYN8HKEI 8EPMOKPAIIAI rlA TH META4'0PA OPII~ENON TPOclllMnN TA ono1A AEN EINAI OYTE vnEPKATE~YrMENA OYTE KATE~YrMENA 145 116 ECl>HMEPIE THE KYbEPI\IHEEQE (TEYXOE nPOTO) flapapn,µa 3 IYN0HKEI 0EPMOKPAIIAI rlA TH META<l>OPA OPI­ IMENON TPO<l>IMON TA onOIA 6EN ENAI OYTE YnEP­ KATElVYfMENA OYTE KATElVYfMENA ITTI lilapKClO TTIC: µ£TOq>Opa<; Ol 9cpµOKpaoic<; TWV CV Myw Tpoq,ipwv &:v 9a civru ~6n:pcc; on6 oUTt<: nou ovolptpoVTOl napaKOTW: Epu9pa c&ooiµa napanpo'i6vTo oq,ayiwv Bourupo KUVl'!Vl ra>.o (ovcru:(tpyaOTo l'I nocrrcpu.,~tvo) OE &:(aµ£V~, V10 Qµ£OTl KOTOV6AW011 BtoµrixoW<6 ya>.o fOAOKTOKC>µll(Q npoi6VTO (V\Ooupn, KCq>ip, +3 °C 31 +6 °C +4 °c +-4 °c ..31 +6 °c .W KptµO KQl q>ptOKO wpi) lVapto, µOAQKlO KOl OOTpaKOC161'1 J/ +4 °c .3/ nptru:1 VO µ£TO­ q>tpOVTOl TTQVTO O£ .Mwµtvo n6yo npoi6VTO KptaTO<: 21 KptaTo (&KT~ on6 cpu8pa c&i>&µo napanpo'i6vTO oq,ayiwv) nouA&plKQ KOl KOI.Nt.Mo +6 °C +7 °c +4 °c JI EKT~ • an6 KOnvtOTa, OAonoµtvo, ~ripa TI (wVTav6 tjJaplO, (WVTQVQ IJOAOKlO KOl (WVTOVQ OOTpaKOCl6T). 2/ EKT~ on6 npo'i6VTO OT08cponouwtvo µ£ OACITlOµa, KCITTVIOIJO, (TlpavOTJ i; onoon:ipWOTl, 3/ KoT'apxl'tv, ri &apt<ClO µ£TOq>opa<; &:v nptnet VO ~t­ ncpva nc; 48 <.i>pcc;. 'Ap8po ~CUTCpo H OTTOOOxl't K69c VC6n:pf]<; ava9cwpl")Ol'}<; TWV 6lOTCl~CWV TTI<: Iuµcpwviac; nou Kupci>VCTOI µ£ TO v6µo OUT6v, K09w<: KOi I") pu9µ101'} "n:XVlKWV KOl ACnTOj.1£pC10Kci>v · (l"llTIIJCIT(&)\I ccpapµoY'ic: TTI<:, yiv&TOI µ£ on6q>oori Tou apµ6&ou KOTO ncpimwOT] unoupyou TIµ£ KOlVfl on6q>aOTJ Twv ouvapµ6&wv, • KOT6 ru:pirrcwOI'}, unoupyci>v, 61")µomcu6µ£Vfl OTl")v Ecpriµcpioo TTI<: K~p""°cwc;. 'Ap8po TplTO H loXUC: TOU nop6VTo<; apxil;c1 on6 lTl 6riµooiEuori TOU OTTIV Eq>l")µ£pioo TTI<: K~pvriocox;, lTl<: &: I1.4Jq>wviac; KQTQ Ta npol3>..cn6µ£va on6 TO ap8po 9 auTtic;. Ilixpotnu..011-! 't1j 6ri11-oot!UOTJ 'tOU 7totpmoc;; O'tTjV Ecpf111-!pt60t 'tTjCi Ku­ l3epvi}o!<uc;; )t(XL 'tTJV £X't!A!Ofj 'tOU we;; No11-ou 'tOU Kpot'touc;;. A8ijvix, 24 Iixvouotpiou 1992 0 nPOEAPOI THI AHMOKPATIAI KQNITANTINOI r. KAPAMANI\HI 01 vnovPro1 E:CTEPIKCN rECPrlAI ANT. IAMAPAI: IDT. XATZHrAKHI META~PCN KAI EnlKOINCNICN NIK. rKEJ\EITA8HI @ewe~9rp,e ,cat -ri9711ee 71 Mey<U71 I.rpeayi6a TOV Kea-rov~. A8ijvot, 27 lixvouotpiou 1992 0 Em THI lllKAIOl:YNHI vnovPrOI MIX. nAnAKQN:tTANTINOY