Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana. A National Policy for the Management of the Marine Fisheries Sector 2022-2026

Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana Marine Fisheries Sector 2015-2019 i FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN OF GHANA A National Policy for the Management of the Marine Fisheries Sector 2022 - 2026 REPUBLIC OF GHANA Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Fisheries Commission Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) Cover page photograph L to R: Fishing crafts along the Coastal Communities of Ghana Inshore fishing craft The Government is fully committed to implementing a robust Fisheries Management Plan to ensure long term conservation of its fish stocks whilst at the same time contributing to improved food and nutritional safety at a national level. Citation: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development (2022). National Fisheries Management Plan, Government of Ghana Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) i Contents Tables and Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... iii Definitions ......................................................................................................................................................................... iv ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................................................................. v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Background ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Concept of Fisheries Management Plan .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Overview of the 2015-2019 Marine Fisheries Management Plan ................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Challenges and Outstanding issues ........................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.0 Preparation of the 2022 – 2026 Marine Fisheries Management Plan ........................................ 6 2.1 Key Policy Drivers and Objectives ............................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1. Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2. Goal ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.3 Specific Objectives.............................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.4 Rationale ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.5 Scope of the Plan ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.0 Description of the Fisheries Sector ............................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Socio-Economic Importance of the Fisheries Sector ............................................................................................ 9 3.2 Categories of Fishing Fleet ................................................................................................................................................ 10 3.2.1 The Artisanal Sector ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.2. The Semi-Industrial Sector ........................................................................................................................................ 11 3.2.3 The Industrial Bottom Trawl Sector ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.2.4 The Tuna Sector............................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.4 Current Status of Exploitation of Fish Stocks ........................................................................................ 13 3.4.1 Status of the Biomass ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 3.4.2 Status of Exploitation......................................................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 4 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18 4.0 Main Processes for the Development Management Plan .......................................................... 18 4.1 Description of the Process ................................................................................................................................................. 18 4.1.3 Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA)-Identifying Risk Factors ........................................................................... 18 Table 5: Key Issues Related to the Fishery ........................................................................................................................ 20 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) ii CHAPTER 5 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21 5.0 Institutional Framework, Implementation & Monitoring ................................................................ 21 5.1 Institutional Arrangements ................................................................................................................................................ 21 5.2 Implementation Arrangement ........................................................................................................................................ 23 5.3 Monitoring Evaluation and Review of Management Plan ............................................................................. 24 CHAPTER 6 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 25 RESULTS FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 7 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 67 Financing of the Management Plan ............................................................................................................... 67 Table 7: Year One (2022) Financial Plan ....................................................................................................... 67 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................................... 70 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) iii Tables and Figures Tables o Table 1: Vessel Numbers o Table 2: Ghanaian Fishery Vessel and Catch Data o Table 3: Results of Dr. Fridtjof Nansen Pelagic Survey o Table 4: Estimation of Biomass of Demersal o Table 5: Key Issues Related to the Fishery o Table 6: Results Framework o Table 7: Year One (2022) Financial Plan Figures o Figure 1: Map of Coastline of Ghana o Figure 2: Evolution of Ghanaian Fleet and Catches o Figure 3: CPUE of Artisanal Fleet o Figure 4: CPUE of Inshore Fleet o Figure 5: CPUE of Bottom Trawlers o Figure 6: The ERA component within the risk management processes Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) iv Definitions Maximum Economic Yield (MEY): The sustainable catch or effort level for a commercial fishery that allows net economic returns to be maximized. Note that for most practical discount rates and fishing costs, MEY will imply that the equilibrium stock of fish is larger than that associated with MSY. In this sense MEY is more environmentally conservative than MSY and should in principle help protect the fishery from unfavourable environmental impacts that may diminish the fish population. Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY): The maximum average annual catch that can be removed from a stock over an indefinite period without having any negative effect on resource potential under prevailing environmental conditions. Fishing mortality/ effort (F MSY): The Fishing mortality/ effort consistent with achieving Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) Overfished: A stock with a biomass below the biomass limit reference point. Overfishing: A stock is experiencing too much fishing and the removal rate from the stock is unsustainable. Stock: A functionally discrete population of species that is largely distinct from other populations of the same species. Such a population may be regarded as a separate entity for management or assessment purposes. Sustainable Yield: The average catch that can be removed from a stock over an indefinite period without causing a further reduction in the biomass of the stock or adversely affecting recruitment and reproduction of the stock. This could be either a constant yield from year to year, or a yield that fluctuates in response to the changes in abundance Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) v ABBREVIATIONS AU African Union AUSAID Australian Agency for International Development BET Bigeye Tuna BTA Bowtie Analysis CCRF Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries CEDA Committee for Economic Development of Australia CIC Canoe Identification Card CPUE Catch Per Unit Effort CSO Civil Society Organizations DANIDA Danish International Development Agency EAF Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EU European Union EY Equilibrium Yield FAD Fish Aggregating Device FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FC Fisheries Commission FMP Fisheries Management Plan FSSD Fisheries Scientific Survey Division GDP Gross Domestic Product GIFA Ghana Inshore Fishermen Association GITA Ghana Inshore Trawlers Association GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GNCFC Ghana National Canoe Fishermen’s Council GRT Gross Registered Tonnage GSS Ghana Statistical Service Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) vi GTA Ghana Tuna Association ICCAT International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas IEZ Inshore Exclusive Zone IFMD Inland Fisheries Management Division IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KOICA Korean International Cooperation Agency LOA Length Overall MEY Maximum Economic Yield MFMP Marine Fisheries Management Plan MOFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development MSY Maximum Sustainable Yield FMSY Fishing Mortality/ Effort NAFAG National Fisheries Association of Ghana NAFPTA National Fish Processors and Traders Association NGO Non-governmental Organization NHS National Harvest Strategy NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation NUSPAW National Union of Seamen, Ports & Allied Workers QA Quality Assurance RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organization SDG Sustainable Development Goals SFMP Sustainable Fisheries Management Project UKAID United Kingdom Agency for International Development UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development USAID United States Agency for International Development Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) vii VMS Vessel Monitoring System EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The fisheries resources contribute significantly to ensuring food sufficiency in many countries globally. According to the FAO SOIFA (2020), in 2017, 65.8 percent of the fish stocks were within biological sustainable levels. The same report indicated that 78.7 percent of all marine fisheries landings come from biologically sustainable stocks, thus the urgent need to ensure fisheries are managed sustainably by replicating and re-adapting successful policy measures that would not threaten the contribution of the fisheries sector to food security and livelihoods. The sector in Ghana, contributes significantly to the National Developmental agenda by providing food and nutrition security, employment, foreign exchange earning among others. The sector generates over US $ 1 billion in revenue and accounts for at least 0.9 percent of Ghana’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The sustainable exploitation of the resources has faced a number of challenges over the years due to inefficient enforcement of the fisheries laws resulting from gaps in the existing Fisheries Act 625 (2002). For Ghana to ensure that fish food is secure for posterity, and to achieve inter alia the Sustainable Development Goal, (SDG) 14, putting in place robust policy measures, adaptable to evolving international trends is paramount. The 2015 – 2019 Marine Fisheries Management Plan sought to guide the sustainable conservation of the fish stocks by reducing fishing effort among others. Out of this strategic plan, the Fisheries Enforcement Unit, (FEU), was established to ensure fishing compliance on our oceans and safe utilization and consumption of the fisheries resources. However, due to inconsistencies between the Fisheries Act 625 (2002), Amendment Act 880 and the Regulations as well as the inability to address emerging trends in the international fisheries management as a flag, port and coastal states, the objectives of the plan were not fully achieved. The challenges, achievements, lessons learned from the review of the 2015 – 2019 Fisheries Management Plan formed the bases for the development of the 2022 – 2026 Marine Fisheries Management Plan. The importance of managing fisheries resources through evidence and science based approaches coupled with predicable and transparent regimes is now widely recognized and prioritized as minimum criteria for sustainability. In this regard, the 2022 – 2026 MFMP presents updated and verified science based conservation measures which embraces a holistic ecosystem based approaches Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) viii to fisheries management and will for the next five years seek to achieve the following: • align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable levels • improve data collection and enhance knowledge of the biology • enforce Fisheries legislation more adequately • enhance knowledge on fishing gear and develop gear regulations • protecting Marine Habitat, Biodiversity and Mitigate Impacts of Climate Variability and Change • improve the socio-economic wellbeing of fishers within the fisheries value chain Ultimately, the successful implementation of the 2022 – 2026 MFMP will contribute to the attainment of agenda 2030 which calls to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure everyone enjoys peace and prosperity. Hon. Mavis Hawa Koomson (MP) Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Republic of Ghana Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 1 CHAPTER 1 1.0 Background 1.1 Concept of Fisheries Management Plan The Fisheries Commission is obliged by Section 2.2 (a) of the Fisheries Act, 2002 Act 625 to prepare and keep under continuous review a fisheries plan for the management and development of fisheries in waters under the jurisdiction of Ghana. It further in Section 42 (1) imposes on the Commission, the development of the plan based on the underlined principles: a) Best scientific information available b) Optimal utilization of the fishery resources; and c) Good management practices It is against this background that the current Marine Fisheries Management Plan (MFMP) (2022- 2026) is being developed to address management and conservation limitations that confronted the 2015-2019 MFMP. 1.2 Overview of the 2015-2019 Marine Fisheries Management Plan The Marine Fisheries Management Plan (2015 – 2019) was developed as a multiphase, adaptable and continuous fisheries management programme to reduce the fast-declining fisheries resources. The Goal of the Management Plan was to rebuild fish stocks to enhance the socio-economic conditions of fishing communities, create employment within national and international frameworks and standards and improve food security as well as contribute to GDP and foreign exchange earnings. The Plan theory of change was derived from the constraints and issues identified in the fisheries sector prevailing prior to the development. These constraints informed the development of a policy strategy of sustainable fisheries governance to reverse the trend of fish stock depletion. The strategy developed were to be achieved through the following medium to long term outcomes by; i. reducing excessive effort and capacity of vessels, ii. building the institutional capacity of relevant law enforcement agencies to enforce the fisheries laws, iii. protect marine habitat and conservation of biodiversity iv. reducing post-harvest losses Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 2 1.2.3 Outcomes of FMP 2015 – 2019 In line with the management objectives, the key outcomes of the MFMP (2015 – 2019) are enumerated below: Outcome 1: Reducing Fishing Effort and Capacity (Canoe, Trawl Fishery and Tuna Fleet) For the effective implementation of effort reduction strategies: (i) A remarkable achievement was observed in the trawl sector where there was a reduction in the number of industrial trawl vessels from 107 to 76 in the period 2016 to 2019. (ii) to ascertain the number of operational canoes, a Frame Survey was conducted in 2016 and 11,583 was recorded. The estimated Fmsy1 (2019) showed a total acceptable fleet of 10,000 to exploit fisheries resources of 330,824mt at Maximum Sustainable Yield. As a step towards ending open access in the artisanal sector, these canoes were registered and embossed with unique identification numbers with the overall objective of capping the number of fleet. (iii) The Canoe Identification Card (CIC) was launched in December, 2019 as a significant management tool to regulate the artisanal sector. The objectives are; to regulate access to the fishery resource and improve management of the sector; to provide recognition and legitimacy to all canoe owners and to help government adequately plan its provision of social/economic interventions and incentives. (iv) For the first time, a one-month close season was observed by all canoes and Semi-Industrial vessels in May- June, 2019. However, in 2020, owing to the impact and effects of the Covid 19 fishing and its related activities were classified as essential towards food and nutrition security amidst the challenges and thus, there was no closed season for all fleet with the exception of the tuna fleet. (v) Closed season for trawlers was implemented in November 2016, Feb March 2017, Jan-Feb 2018 and July-Aug 2019 with full compliance based on general observation and interaction with key stakeholders. There was no Closed Season in 2020 because of the effect of the emergence of Covid-19. (vi) Fisheries Co-Management Policy document gazette for implementation. 1 Fishing mortality consistent with achieving Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 3 Outcome 2: Enforcing Legislation Strict regulations are usually enacted to achieve predefined fisheries management objectives. For any management strategy to be effective, the regulations designed must be enforced through monitoring, evidence gathering, inspections/vessel board procedures, prosecutions and fines. Some achievements from this outcome were: (i) 20 judges and magistrates, and 10 prosecutors trained in 2016 to expedite adjudication of fisheries infractions (ii) establishment of 5 tribunals in Central, Volta, Takoradi, Tema and Accra (iii) 179 arrests, and prosecutions (iv) 100 % observer coverage on board trawl vessels; (v) Ratification of Ports States Measures Agreement in 2016; and (vi) Improved sanitary conditions for trawl industrial vessels Table 1: Vessel Numbers Year Vessel Type Inshore / Artisanal Industrial (Trawler / Tuna Total a 2017 32 17 48 b 2018 7 23 30 c 2019 9 51 60 d 2020 21 20 41 e Total 91 111 179 Outcome 3: Biology / Stock Assessment Existing data from catch assessment surveys prior to the development of the FMP (2015 – 2019) showed considerable levels of overfishing leading to wide concerns of decreasing fish stocks. To accurately plan and manage a fishery means having credible information on the biology and status of the fish stocks. Under this outcome, considerable efforts were made in the following: (i) A stock assessment survey to assess the state of pelagic and demersal resources was carried out by the RV Fridtjof Nansen in 2016 sponsored by WARFP. (ii) In 2017 and 2019, with support from the FAO, another pelagic and demersal stock assessment surveys were conducted by the same vessel. (iii) Twelve (12) Ghanaian officers were trained in stock assessment methods to build up capacity to conduct surveys in the near future Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 4 (iv) Biological studies for small pelagic was carried out before and after the May-June 2019 closed season with the conclusion that the May 15 to June 15, 2019 timing for the closed season did not coincide with the peak spawning season, (v) Open ARTFISH system using tablets was developed and utilised for improved landings data collection in the artisanal sector with assistance from FAO and SFMP Outcome 4: Protecting Marine Habitat and Biodiversity With persisting overfishing coupled with impacts of climate change, the need to conserve specific areas and habitat in order to protect fish populations becomes very crucial. The achievement for this outcome were: (vi) Procurement of a consultant to develop a strategy document that provides the basis for the selection of prioritized Marine Conservation Areas and systematic and integrated approaches to the management of such areas. (vii) The development of the Co-management Policy for the Fisheries Sector was initiated in 2018 and completed in 2020 (MOFAD, 2020) Outcome 5: Reducing Post harvest losses and Improved Fish Product Certification (i) Class one certification scheme launched in 2019 (ii) 20 fish individual processors certified under class 1 scheme (iii) 539 Improved smoking ovens (Ahotor oven) distributed nationwide 1.2.2 Challenges and Outstanding issues 1.2.2.1 Operation of the Management Plan Though the 2015-2019 Fisheries Management Plan prescribed the formation of Operational Committee to oversee to the successful implementation of the management plan and also the development of an annual Operational Plan developed(delete) from the Management Plan’s priorities that will transparently designate the actions to be taken in every calendar year, this activity never materialized. Thus, resulted in the limitation by the Fisheries Commission to prepare an annual report on the performance of the fisheries resources against all performance indicators in accordance with the implementation time frame specified in the Management Plan. Other constraints were: Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 5 (i) Inadequate budgetary allocation for the implementation of the activities (ii) Untimely release of operational resources (iii) Inadequate human resource (iv) Political interference in fisheries enforcement and regulations (v) lack of previous political will to implement measure to recover the fishery, (vi) weak capacities of fisheries stakeholder associations to contribute to co-management 1.2.2.2 Review of the Management Plan Considering that the 2015 – 2019 Fisheries Management Plan was developed to reflect the perceived understanding of the fisheries resources of Ghana at that time, change was anticipated over the implementation phase. Accordingly, the Management Plan was to be periodically reviewed and improved as advancements in knowledge and management were made without a major departure from the stated management arrangements during the implementation phase. However, there was no review of the Plan during the period. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 6 CHAPTER 2 2.0 Preparation of the 2022 – 2026 Marine Fisheries Management Plan The current Marine Fisheries Management Plan, MFMP (2022-2026) is to improve upon the achievements of the previous Plan, incorporate lessons learnt, adopt strategies to overcome previous and emerging challenges by Box 1: Guiding Principles • Precautionary approach in management which is a fundamental component of an effective risk management strategy. This approach will not delay action because of lack of information and manages cautiously when uncertainty exists (e.g. uncertainty in the MSY estimate) • Ecosystem Approach This considers all components of the eco-system including, ethnic population, communities and habitat and their linkages as the basis for the conservation and sustainable use of the fisheries resources of Ghana. • Co-management It is the partnership arrangement in which the community of fisheries resource users (fishers), government, and other stakeholders like the Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia and research institutions share the responsibilities and authority for the fishery • International Cooperation and coordination Shared responsibility is an important part of managing the fisheries resources of Ghana. This management Plan will promote collaboration and participatory decision making with all stakeholders (both vertically across different levels of government and society and horizontally across agencies and sectors) • Participation, public accountability and transparency Shared responsibility is an important part of managing the fisheries resources of Ghana. This Management Plan will promote collaboration, participatory decision making and shared responsibility with all stakeholders. The Government will be accountable and transparent in the management of the fisheries resources of Ghana. • Limitation of adverse environmental impacts will ensure the conservation and protection of the fisheries resources and shall uphold and apply the polluter pay principle in protecting marine habitats. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 7 conducting a demand-driven research for fisheries. The MFMP (2022-2026) also embraces Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries management (EAF). The Plan takes its locus from the Fisheries Act 2002 (Act 625) Section 42-45. 2.1 Key Policy Drivers and Objectives Managing fisheries resources depends on the scientific knowledge of its biological potentials. This knowledge informs and guides any management strategies to allow sustainable exploitation based on defined objectives. Accordingly, the MFMP details adequate management measures needed to meet the objectives as well as key performance indicators and timelines. It also specifies how the measures are to be implemented over the period with operational plans as well as monitoring and evaluation performance assessment of the MFMP. The Key policy drivers will provide guiding principles for the development of strategies for effective implementation of the Plan: 2.1.1. Purpose The Management Plan's purpose is to create a strategy framework for reversing the downward trend in fishery resources and establishing a competent management regime to ensure that fish stocks are utilized sustainably in a better environment. 2.1.2. Goal The goal of the Management Plan is to Establish and Enhance Sustainable Fisheries Management and Utilization of the Fishery Resources for Improved Livelihoods. 2.1.3 Specific Objectives The Management Plan has been developed to meet the following key objectives: • to align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable levels • to improve data collection and enhance knowledge of the biology for management decision • to enforce Fisheries legislation more adequately • to enhance knowledge on fishing gear and develop gear regulations • to protect Marine Habitat, Biodiversity and Mitigate Impacts on Climate Variability and Change Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 8 • to improve the socio-economic wellbeing of fishers within the fisheries value chain 2.1.4 Rationale The MFMP objectives remains relevant to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development, and envisioned as a key instrument for implementation of Ghana's 2022-2026 MFMP. At the same time, the Plan also takes into consideration the following: • SDGs (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 & 16) that will be aided by achieving the targets of SDG 14 and • SDGs (5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13 & 17) whose achievement will contribute towards the achievement of SDG 14. • AU agenda 2063 (1,3,5,6 & 7). • Medium Term National Development Policy Framework: Agenda for Job: Creating prosperity and equal opportunities for all (Government of Ghana, 2017). • Sector Medium term plan, 2022-2025 • Ghana Aquatic Animal Health Policy • The Co-Management Policy • The Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy, 2021 2.1.5 Scope of the Plan This Management Plan covers all Ghanaian marine capture fisheries, including artisanal, semi-industrial, and industrial fishing. It also applies to all fishing vessels operating in Ghana's marine waters, as well as all vessels flying the Ghanaian flag wherever they fish. The MFMP applies: I. All pelagic species; II. All highly migratory tuna and tuna-like species (managed by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT); III. All demersal species IV. Other non-targeted (e.g. crustaceans and mollusc) associated or dependent species caught in the course of fishing and V. Effects on fishing on biodiversity and habitats Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 9 CHAPTER 3 3.0 Description of the Fisheries Sector Ghana lies within the Gulf of Guinea Coast with a coastline of about 550km and maritime domain, including the territorial sea and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 228,000km2 (MoFAD 2015). The coastal zone is divided into three geomorphologic zones (West, Central and East Coast) (Fig 1) mostly a low, sandy shore backed by plains and scrubs and intersected by several streams and rivers. Ghana lies in the tropical equatorial belt where average temperatures are between 25ºC and 35ºC and where climatic conditions change mainly due to the amount and distribution of rainfall. The productivity of Ghana’s marine ecosystem is largely driven by a coastal upwelling systems. Figure 1: Map of Coastline of Ghana (Boateng, 2009) 3.1 Socio-Economic Importance of the Fisheries Sector The sector is the main source of fish food, income, employment and livelihoods for coastal dwellers; is an important source of non-traditional export earnings; and provides raw material base for tuna and animal feed processing factories. Furthermore, fish contributes significantly to nutritional food security by providing the bulk (over 60%) of the country’s low-cost but high quality protein requirements (FC, 2020), as well as essential minerals, vitamins and fats. Per capita fish consumption in Ghana, over the last decade lies within a range of 20-25 kg, much higher than that of the average of 14 kg for the ECOWAS zone (FC, 2020). Overall, the sub-sector employs about 10% of the population as fishers, processors, boat owners, boat builders, and others in Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 10 ancillary jobs. Direct workforce for the industry includes about 140,000 fishermen in the four coastal regions (FC, 2020). Fisheries contributes significantly to the national economy especially through foreign exchange earnings of fish and fishery products. In addition to food security, the marine fisheries sector is estimated to generate approximately US$1 billion in total revenue each year (World Bank, 2013). However, its contribution to the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) has declined from 1.5% in 2015 to 0.9% in 2019 due to largely the overexploitation of the fisheries resources (GSS, 2020). 3.2 Categories of Fishing Fleet Fishing vessels in Ghana are categorized into three based on the construction material, gear type, target species as well the size of each fleet. 3.2.1 The Artisanal Sector This sector comprises 14,275 motorised and non-motorised registered canoes which operate within the Inshore Exclusive Zone (IEZ) and beyond (FC, 2020). The size of the canoes ranges from 3 meters to almost 20 meters Length Over All (LOA) and are made from “wawa” wood (Triplochiton spp.) (Dovlo et., al 2016). The canoes use a variety of fishing gears mainly, beach seines, encircling nets, hook and lines, drift gill nets and set nets. In 2019, catches from this sector are estimated to be in 170,149 mt (FC, 2020). Production estimates from Fisheries Scientific Survey Division (FSSD) indicates that catches per canoe have declined substantially since 2008 affecting their profitability. This Management Plan will include measures that will make provisions for reducing fishing effort. Artisanal Fleet (FC, 2020) Number of vessels • Motorised- 12,848 • Non-motorized – 1,427 • Total- 14,275 • Fishing gear - beach seines, encircling nets, hook and lines, drift gill nets etc • Target species- sardinellas anchovy and mackerels(small pelagics) • Annual catch -170,149 mt Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 11 3.2.2. The Semi-Industrial Sector The semi-industrial vessels are made of wooden hulls with inboard engines operate within the Inshore Exclusive Zone (IEZ) and beyond. They are of two types: (a) larger ones with LOA between 20 and 30 meters using primarily bottom trawls and (b) smaller vessels with LOA between 8 to 10 meters using small purse seines. The semi-industrial sector comprises of approximately 224 operational boats. Currently catches of 2019 are estimated at 11,353 mt (FC, 2020). Semi-industrial (Inshore) Fleet (FC, 2020) Number of vessels -224 • Fishing gears- Purse seine and trawl • Target species- sardinellas and mackerels • Annual catch- 11,353mt 3.2.3 The Industrial Bottom Trawl Sector This category of fleet are steel boats of up to 30m LOA. Presently, this sector comprises around seventy-six (76) active vessels, contributing to an estimated annual catch of 37,507mt in 2019 (FC, 2020). Target species include the sparids, croakers and grunts(demersals). Industrial Trawl Fleet (FC, 2020) Number of vessels -76 • Fishing gears- bottom trawl • Target species- sparids, grouper, cuttlefish and snappers • Annual catch- 37,507mt 3.2.4 The Tuna Sector Tuna fishing occurs mainly in Ghana’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and the high seas. The operational vessels comprise 14 bait boats and 16 purse seiners. The targeted species are essentially those under the management Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 12 of ICCAT such as skipjack, bigeye and yellowfin tuna. In 2019 the total catch for the tuna fleet was around 90,000mt (FC, 2020). The tuna purse seines have been benefiting from a relatively good stability with current landings estimated at around 77,137.5mt per year. Ghana will also continue to abide by ICCAT rules and regulations governing fishing in the Atlantic Ocean. Tuna bait-boat vessels Number of vessels -14 • Fishing gears- pole and line • Target species- skipjack and yellowfin • Annual catch- 13,173.5 Tuna Purse seine boat vessels Number of vessels -16 • Fishing gears- purse seine • Target species- skipjack, bigeye and yellowfin • Annual catch- 77,137.5 1. 3 Ghanaian Fishing Vessels and Catch Data (2019) The operational status and volumes of catch of Ghanaian Fishing Vessels areas specified below. Table 2: Ghanaian Fishing Vessels and Catch Data (2019) Number of vessels Volume of catch (Mt) Percentage contribution Catch per vessel (Mt/vessel) Marine canoes Motorised 12,848 136,119 44.01 10.60 Non-motorised 1,427 34,030 11.00 23.85 Total canoes 14,275 170,149 55.01 Semi-industrial vessels 224 11,353 3.67 50.68 Trawlers 74 37,507 12.13 506.85 Tuna vessels 30 90,311 29.20 3,010.35 Bait boats 14 13,173.5 14.59 940.96 Purse seine 16 77,137.5 85.41 4,821.09 Grand Total 309,320 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 13 3.4 Current Status of Exploitation of Fish Stocks 3.4.1 Status of the Biomass The survey of marine fisheries resources of Ghana conducted in April 2016 by R/V Fridtjof Nansen estimated the total biomass of the Sardinellas (PEL 1) to be about 500mt and that of anchovy (PEL 1) about 25,000mt. The carangids, scombrids, barracudas and hairtail (PEL 2) were the most abundant species in the trawl catches, caught on both the inner and outer shelf area. The biomass of this group mainly carangids (Chloroscombrus chrysurus and Decapterus punctatus) was estimated to be 107,000mt. Estimated biomasses of valuable demersals usually targeted by trawlers on the shelf within depth of less than 100m were: Seabreams – 12,959mt; Grunts – 620mt; Croakers – 567mt; Groupers – 452mt; and Snappers – 1,450mt. The 2017 Fridtjof Nansen survey conducted in August estimated the biomass of the Sardinellas and Anchovy to be about 4,000 and 56,990mt respectively. The estimated combine biomass of carangids, scombrids, barracudas and hairtail dropped from 107,000mt in 2016 Survey to 28,000mt in 2017 Survey. The reasons for this dramatic drop in biomass of PEL 2 is unknown. It is however important to note that the two surveys were conducted in different hydrographic seasons (Thermocline and upwelling seasons respectively). The 2019 Fridtjof Nansen survey conducted in July/August estimated the biomass of the Sardinellas and Anchovy to be about 7,398 and 18,372mt respectively (Table 3). The carangids and scombrids, were the most abundant species in the trawl catches with estimated biomass of 41,783mt in 2019. In 2019, estimated biomasses of valuable demersals on the shelf within depth of less than 100m were: Seabreams – 11,598mt; Grunts – 624mt; Croakers – 1280mt; Groupers – 431mt; and Snappers – 1,026mt. There is clearly a regime shift in small pelagic species composition with anchovy overtaking sardinella as the dominant species. This is confirmed by the results of 2016, 2017 and 2019 Fridtjof Nansen Survey. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 14 Table 3: Results of Fridtjof Nansen Pelagic Survey for 2016, 2017 and 2019 Year PEL 1(mt) Anchovy PEL 1(mt) Sardinellas PEL 2 (mt) carangids, scombrids, barracudas & hairtail Total (mt) 2016 25,000 500 107,000 132,500 2017 73,140 4,000 28,000 88,990 2019 18,372 7,398 41,783 67,553 Total 100,362 11,898 176,783 Source: Nikolioudakis et al., 2021 From the table above the total biomass of anchovy for the three surveys far exceeded that of the sardinellas. The biomass of the anchovy constituted about half that of the carangids, scombrids, barracudas and hairtail (PEL 2). The highest total biomass of PEL 1 and PEL 2 was recorded in 2016(132,500mt) and declined in both 2017 and 2019. The results of these analyses however should be interpreted with caution as the 2016 survey was conducted in a thermocline season whilst the 2017 and 2019 were conducted during the major upwelling season. Between 2016 and 2019, the estimated biomass of the valuable demersals resource on the shelf in depth less than 100 metres were stable. Estimated biomass of croakers however doubled in 2019 (Table 4). Table 4: Estimated biomasses (mt) of valuable demersal on the shelf within depth of less than 100m in 2016 and 2019. Group/Species 2016 Biomass (mt) 2019 Biomass (mt) Seabreams 12,959 11,598 Grunts 620 624 Croakers 567 1,280 Groupers 452 431 Snappers 1,450 1,026 Total Biomass 16,048 14,959 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 15 3.4.2 Status of Exploitation The increased fishing effort in terms of number of vessels by all fleet (available to the Fisheries Commission) over the last couple of decades has not resulted in any significant increase in catches beyond 350,000mt. With the exception of the tuna fleet, catch per unit effort (CPUE) of all fleets has been declining. In addition, data from fish landing sites monitored by the Fisheries Scientific Survey Division of Fisheries Commission indicates the sizes of fish being landed now are much smaller than previous indicating a clear case of growth and recruitment overfishing. Fishing Effort and Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) The catch volume harvested by the various fleets operating in Ghanaian waters between 1990 and 2019 is shown in (figure 2) below. There was a gradual increase in catch in the early 1990s until the mid-1990s when catch began to fall and levelled off around 300,000mt with the exception of the tuna sector. The data further revealed an increase in trawl catches from 2016 as shown in Figure 5. The MSY indicators computed from the Schaefer (1954) and Fox (1970) models for all the fleets (Annex 2 – 6) using the best available data from 1990 – 2019 gives regression fits applicable to the long-term series of 30 years. Indications from the Canoe sector shows the prediction or forecast of a reduction to 10,000 canoes from over 12000 currently in 2016 in the short term. For the inshore sector, the Fmsy was computed at 239 vessels whilst that of the industrial was 88 vessels. Based on a precautionary approach, and the current prevailing fishing activities observed especially in the artisanal and industrial fleet, an annual review of effort levels would be done in conjunction with improved information from assessments on fish stock levels and other relevant management tools enshrined in this plan. In line with the above, current effort levels in terms of vessels will be maintained. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 16 Figure 2: Evolution of Ghanaian fleet and catches. (Source, FSSD) Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) by Fleet Artisanal It can be observed from Fig 3 that as the number of canoes increases catch begins to drop. This indicates drop in profitability in the artisanal sector. Reducing the number of canoes will significantly increase profitability in the sector. Figure 3: CPUE of Artisanal Fleet 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 To ta l P ro d u ct io n ( t) N u m b e r o f ve ss e ls Year Canoes Inshore boats Trawlers Tuna vessels Total Catch 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 Ef fo rt ( N o . o f ca n o es ) C at ch ( M t) Year Catch Effort Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 17 Inshore It is observed that as the number of inshore vessels begins to decrease, catch increases (Figure 4). A further reduction in the number of vessels in the inshore sector will increase catch significantly and consequently profitability in the sector provided the enabling biological and environmental factors favour high productivity. Figure 4: CPUE of Inshore Fleet Bottom Trawlers The number of trawlers increased to a peak of 103 in 2014 with a corresponding increase in catch which peaked in 2017 (Figure 5). Since then, number of trawlers have reduced with a slight increase in catches. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Ef fo rt ( N o . o f b o at s) C at ch ( M t) Year Catch Effort Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 18 Figure 5: CPUE of Bottom Trawlers CHAPTER 4 4.0 Main Processes for the Development Management Plan 4.1 Description of the Process The main process of the MFMP is based on best practice and Ghana’s international fisheries obligations and applies the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management that aims to balance ecological well-being (fish resources and the environment) with human well-being (social and economic benefits) 4.1.2 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) As defined by the FAO, the EAF “strives to balance diverse societal objectives, by taking into account the knowledge and uncertainties about biotic, abiotic, and human components of ecosystems and their interactions and applying an integrated approach to fisheries within ecologically meaningful boundaries (FAO, 2003).” The EAF seeks to improve all fishery management processes by adopting risk management principles. 4.1.3 Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA)-Identifying Risk Factors Factors are evaluated by the ERA to determine the risk of fishery being managed unsustainably. ERA identifies the risk factors that contribute to the level of risk for each component in the MFMP. The stages of the ERA include planning, implementation and monitoring reporting. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 Ef fo rt ( N o . o f tr aw le rs ) C at ch ( M t) Year Catch Effort Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 19 Figure 6: The ERA component within the risk management process consistent with ISO31000:2018 (E) (International Standards, 2010) risk management standard showing input from the management context component (blue text) and from the first stage BTA (red text) The Bowtie Analysis (BTA) 1 structures the problems that management needs to assess. The components of BTA 1, stressors, management controls, impacts and escalating factors, contribute the factors for the ERA. These factors are evaluated by the ERA to determine the risk of a fishery being managed unsustainably. The purpose of an ERA (International Standard, 2018) connected to a BTA is twofold. First, it assesses the level of risk of not achieving the management objectives for an ecological component (e.g., primary or targeted species of a fishery) under the current management context, and existing knowledge gaps in understanding the dynamics of the ecosystem and management operations. The level of risk enables management and research to prioritize the ecological component to be addressed. Second and most importantly, the ERA identifies the risk factors contributing to the level of risk for each ecological component. This risk factors are the basis for determining effective risk treatment (Astles, 2015) including management action and filling key knowledge gaps. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 20 The risks factors are then fed into the second stage BTA to evaluate how best to allocate effective management and research actions given limited resources. ERA uses information from the fishery management context and BTA 1 in each of each stages (Figure 6) Table 5: Key Issues Related to the Fishery Key Issues Description of problem Excessive fishing effort Excessive fishing capacity - too many vessels exploiting the current exerted in all fisheries resources, especially in the trawl sector - requires effort reduction to more sustainable levels. The exact extent of overcapacity translates into levels of fishing effort above MSY level of effort representing both economic and biological overfishing. Urgent reduction of fishing effort by management action is required. Inadequate information Inadequate scientific information on the biology and current biomass on biology of the stocks and current biomass levels levels of the main commercial species are making it difficult to align stocks with current effort. Available information suggests both the small pelagic and demersal fish stocks are overexploited and require rebuilding strategies. weak enforcement There is weak enforcement of the fisheries laws and regulations due of fisheries Laws and regulations to inadequate resources (both human and financial) and inadequate conflict resolution mechanisms. More strategic use of existing resources in support of new conservation actions since 2013 are being applied. inadequate information and regulations on gears In the past decades, there has not been a consistent inventory of fishing gears in the marine sector leading to infiltration and evolution of destructive fishing gears. Additionally, gear regulations have been on mesh sizes without cognizant to other gear characteristics such as size, construction materials, head rope, wings, panels, hanging ratio etc. In this regard there is a need for an inventory of the gears within the sector and a subsequent development of the gear regulations. Low levels of Protection of Marine Habitat, Biodiversity and Mitigation of Climate Change There is inadequate protection of specific marine ecosystems impacting adversely on recruitment patterns of most fish species. Better protection of sensitive ecosystems is required to ensure replenishment of biomass, particularly of coastal areas which are known spawning and nursery grounds of various commercial species. Closure of sensitive/ important areas is required. Weak socio-economic wellbeing of actors within the fisheries value chain Over exploitation and decline in fish stocks and landings as well as post-harvest losses have contributed to decrease in revenue, income and nutrition, thereby impacting negatively on the livelihoods of actors within fisheries value chain. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 21 CHAPTER 5 5.0 Institutional Framework, Implementation & Monitoring 5.1 Institutional Arrangements Based on the common interest in the well-being of Ghana’s fishery, the Fisheries Commission collaborates with other institutions concerned with the development and management of the fishery resources. It must be emphasized, however, that stakeholders at all levels must be drawn into the process of deciding how resources are managed to implement the various components of the Plan. Good governance is essential for effective fisheries management. Successful governance is achieved through an effective and participatory decision-making process. Without good governance, the goal and purpose of the Plan will not be achieved. 5.1.2 Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development (MOFAD) MOFAD has oversight responsibility for the sustainable management of fisheries resources and development of the fishing industry. In this regard, MOFAD will: i. Obtain Cabinet approval for the implementation of the Management plan ii. Provide financial resources for the implementation of the Management Plan; iii. Supervise implementing institutions and agencies; and iv. Promote collaboration between the Fisheries Commission and Sub Regional, Regional and International Fisheries Management Organizations in the implementation of the Management Plan. 5.1.3 The Fisheries Commission The Fisheries Commission is responsible for the following: v. Implementation of the Management Plan through the establishment of a Fisheries Management Operational Committee; vi. Developing the capacity of staff of the Fisheries Commission for effective implementation of the Management Plan; vii. Biennial review of the Management Plan Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 22 viii. Collaborating with relevant agencies and major stakeholders in the implementation of Plan measures; and ix. Coordinating the activities of all relevant stakeholders in the implementation of the Plan. 5.1.4 Inter-agency Collaboration In accordance with Section 13 of the Fisheries Act, 2002 (Act 625), the Fisheries Commission shall collaborate with the following in the implementation of the Plan: • Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI); (Environmental Protection Agency); • Ministry of Justice and Office of the Attorney-General; • Ministry of Transport, Ghana Maritime Authority (GMA) and Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority (GPHA); • Ministry of Finance (MOF); • Ministry of Interior (Ghana Police Service, Ghana Immigration Service); • Ministry of Defense (Ghana Navy and Ghana Air force); • Ministry of Trade (Ghana Standards Authority and Ghana Export Promotion Authority); • Ministry of Health (Food and Drugs Authority, Port Health); • Coastal Development Authority (CODA); and • Research Institutions and Universities. This collaboration will be principally in the following key areas: • Monitoring, Control and Surveillance; • Research and Development • National observer programme; • Port sampling; • Enforcement and Compliance; • Data collection and management • Control of fish Imports and Exports; • Designation of Maritime Protected Areas (MPAs); and • Other relevant areas and activities Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 23 5.1.5 Key Stakeholders Fishing Industry • NAFAG o GNCFC o NAFPTA o GIFA o GTA o GITA NGO’S, CSO’s involved in fishery related actives along the coastal Regions Projects • Marine Fisheries related projects and interventions with support from Development Partners such as USAID, EU, NORAD, KOICA, JICA, UKAID, DANIDA, PRC, AUSAID, GIZ, CEDA, FAO, AU, WORLD BANK, ECOWAS, AfDB, etc. 5.2 Implementation Arrangement The operation of the management Plan will operate for a five-year period from 2022 to 2026. There will be an annual Operational Plan developed from the Management Plan’s priorities that will transparently designate the actions to be taken in every calendar year. The Fisheries Commission will use the Management Plan to advise the Minister as well as prepare an annual report on the performance of the fisheries resources against all performance indicators in accordance with the implementation time frame specified in the Management Plan. 5.2.1 Fisheries Management Operational Committee (FMOC) According to Section 42 (3) Fisheries Act 2002 (Act 625), “The Commission shall be responsible in collaboration with such state agencies as the Commission considers appropriate for the implementation of a fishery plan”. Subsequently, Section 9 also grants that “The Commission may appoint committees it considers necessary for the implementation of its functions”. In this regard, the establishment of the FMOC may be done comprising MoFAD, FC Board, FC, MOF, FEU, Development Partners, GMA, EPA, NAFAG, Academia and CSO/NGOs. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 24 5.3 Monitoring Evaluation and Review of Management Plan Monitoring the performance of the FMP involves evaluating and assessing of annual operational plans. This can be achieved in two stages namely: • Initial Outcome/Output: such as implementation status of workplans; • Intermediate Outcomes/Output: Compliance from stakeholders with management arrangements 5.4 Review of the Management Plan This Management Plan is a “living” document that reflects current understanding of the fisheries resources of Ghana and, as such, is expected to change over time. Accordingly, the Management Plan will be biennial reviewed and improved as advancements in knowledge and management are made. However, no major departure from the stated management work plan will occur unless the Fisheries Commission is advised by the Fisheries Management Operational Committee. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 25 CHAPTER 6 RESULTS FRAMEWORK The results frame work describes the management and operational objectives, management measures, performance indicators, reference point, means of verification, time frame and responsibility roles (Table 6). Table 6: Results framework OVERALL EXPECTED RESULTS IMPACT Enhanced Sustainable Fisheries Management and Utilization of Fishery Resources for Improved Livelihoods Component 1.1 Address excessive effort: Canoe (C) Management Objectives Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility /Collaborator s C.1 Registration of all canoes and Implementation of Canoe Identification Card (CIC) Management tool 1.Complete canoe register and embossment No. of registered and embossed canoes 100% registered and embossed a. Updated Vessel Registry System 2022 Q2 FC, GNCFC, MMDAs b. MOFAD website 2. Issue CIC to all registered and embossed canoes 1. No. of cards issued 100% of registered canoes issued with cards FC annual reports FC, GNCFC, PREMIX 2. No. of beneficiaries/owners Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 26 OVERALL EXPECTED RESULTS IMPACT Enhanced Sustainable Fisheries Management and Utilization of Fishery Resources for Improved Livelihoods Component 1.1 Address excessive effort: Canoe (C) Management Objectives Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility /Collaborator s 3. Update existing canoe register Canoe register Updated updated canoe register (hard & soft copies) Published a. Updated Vessel Registry System quarterly (a & b) FC, GNCFC b. MOFAD website c. Hard copies bi-annual (c) 4. Develop and Implement Operational Guideline for the CIC Operational Guidelines Adopted Operational guideline Operational Guideline developed and published 2022 Q2 FC, GNCFC, PREMIX SEC., CSOs C.2 Control of new entrants to the fishery and capacity reduction 1. Implement a 3-year moratorium on new entrants of canoes 1. Zero entrants Pre moratorium canoe levels not exceed Evidence of public announcement made via print and electronic. 2022 Q2 MOFAD/FC, GNCFC, GMA, Forestry Commission 2. No. of inactive canoes deleted canoes a. Updated Vessel Registry System quarterly FC, GNCFC, Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 27 OVERALL EXPECTED RESULTS IMPACT Enhanced Sustainable Fisheries Management and Utilization of Fishery Resources for Improved Livelihoods Component 1.1 Address excessive effort: Canoe (C) Management Objectives Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility /Collaborator s b. MOFAD website c. Hard copies 2. Implement replacement scheme for old compliant canoes No. of canoes replaced. Allow the replacement not exceeding registered capacity of the old canoe Annual report MOFAD website Annually FC C.3. Re characterisation of canoes 1. Re-characterisation of canoes 1. Guidelines for standardization developed 2. No. of canoes re characterised 1 All registered canoes categorized/re classified document on standardised requisite canoe size, gear and horse power 2023 Q3 FC, NAFAG, GNCFC, CSOs, MMDAs Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 28 OVERALL EXPECTED RESULTS IMPACT Enhanced Sustainable Fisheries Management and Utilization of Fishery Resources for Improved Livelihoods Component 1.1 Address excessive effort: Canoe (C) Management Objectives Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility /Collaborator s Improve safety and security of operators 4. Liase with GMA to conduct Safety & Security Training for operators 1. No. of trainings conducted 2 training manual annually FC, GMA, GNCFC 2. No. of beneficiaries trained All operators training report Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 29 Component 1.2 Address and /or prevent excessive effort (Inshore (I) Fishery) Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Management Objectives Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators I.1 Update semi-industrial vessel Register 1. Conduct Re registration/census of all inshore vessels. Census report All operational vessels Vessel survey / census report 2022 Q3-4 FC, GMA, GIFA Vessel Registry System 2. Initiate engagement with GMA for certification of inshore vessels No. of engagement initiated All operational inshore vessels MOFAD Website, Reports 2022 Q3-4 3. Update web-based register of inshore vessels Existing register updated Vessel Registry System annual report quarterly FC I.2 Control of new entrants to the fishery and capacity reduction 1. Implement a 3-year moratorium on new entrants of inshore vessels Zero entrants Pre-moratorium inshore vessel levels not exceed Evidence of public announcement made via print and electronic. 2022 Q2 MOFAD/FC, GNCFC, GMA No. of inactive vessels deleted Inshore fleet a. Updated Vessel Registry System quarterly FC, GIFA b. MOFAD website c. Hard copies Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 30 Component 1.2 Address and /or prevent excessive effort (Inshore (I) Fishery) Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Management Objectives Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 2. Implement replacement scheme for old compliant inshore vessels No. of old vessels replaced allowing the replacement not exceeding registered capacity of the old vessel Annual report FC, GIFA I. 3 Re characterisatio n of inshore vessels 1. Re-characterise inshore vessels based on the size, gear used 1. Guidelines for standardization developed 2. No. of inshore vessel All registered and embossed inshore vessels Report on reclassification 2023 Q1 FC, GIFA, NAFAG 2. Develop and implement new licensing regime (conditions/requirement /fees) No. of licencing fees reviewed Current licencing regime Reports 2023 Q4 I.4. Improve safety and security of operators 1. Liase with GMA to conduct Safety & Security Training for operators 1. No. of trainings held 2 training manual annually FC, GMA, GIFA 2. No. of beneficiaries trained All operators training report Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 31 Component 1.3 Address and /or prevent excessive effort ( Industrial Trawl (IT) Fishery) Management Objectives Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibil ity/Collabo rators IT.1 Improve management of the industrial trawling effort 1. Implement closed seasons up to 3 months. No. of successful closed seasons conducted 3 months/ year Published declaration/ gazette annually MOFAD/FC , NAFAG 2. Impose license conditions to reduce or decrease number of days per vessel available No. of days per vessel per trip spent at sea in a year. Maximum 30 days per trip VMS monthly FC Quayside inspection reports Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 32 Component 1.3 Address and /or prevent excessive effort ( Industrial Trawl (IT) Fishery) Management Objectives Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibil ity/Collabo rators based on the stock assessment. Logbooks IT.2. Control of new entrants to the fishery and capacity reduction 1. Implement a 3 year moratorium on new entrants of trawlers 1. Zero new entrants Pre moratoriu m trawl vessel levels not exceed Evidence of public announcem ent made via print and electronic. 2022 Q2 MOFAD/FC , GITA, GMA 2. No. of inactive vessels deleted Trawlers Updated Vessel Registry System quarterl y FC, GITA MOFAD website Hard copies Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 33 Component 1.3 Address and /or prevent excessive effort ( Industrial Trawl (IT) Fishery) Management Objectives Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibil ity/Collabo rators 2.Implement replacement scheme for old compliant vessels No. of old vessels replaced allowing the replaceme nt of two (2) old vessels with one (1) new vessel not exceeding 300 GRT). Annual report IT. 3. Implement Cape Town Agreement Implement standardised conditions of service for Crew & Observers Conditions of service developed Industrial trawlers Standardize d Condition of Service/Cre w Contract implemente d 2022 Q3 FC, GMA, NAFAG, NUSPAW Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 34 Component 1.3 Address and /or prevent excessive effort ( Industrial Trawl (IT) Fishery) Management Objectives Align fishing effort with estimated annual sustainable Levels Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibil ity/Collabo rators Institute periodic training and certification of Crew 1. No of training conducted All crew and observers Training manual Annually FC, GMA 2. No. of crew trained Training report Suspend licences of vessels who do not meet minimum sanitary and safety conditions No. of licences suspended industrial trawlers Annual report Quarterl y (2023) FC, GMA, GSA, GPHA,NAF AG Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 35 Component 1.4 (Tuna Fishery) Address and /or prevent excessive effort (Industrial Tuna Fishery TF) Management Objectives Current levels of fishing effort and capacity managed Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Refere nce Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsi bility/Coll aborators TF. 1 Strict adherence to ICCAT management regimes (capacity limit, quotas and reporting schemes) 1.Ensure compliance with ICCAT recommendation s and resolutions 1. Full compliance by vessels with ICCAT recommendations 100% ICCAT Report Annual ly FC, GTA, FEU 2. No of letters of concern/identifica tion issued by ICCAT VMS Catch Certifications Logbooks 2.Improve data collection and reporting systems Fully Compliant with ICCAT data requirement 100% ICCAT Report annua lly Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 36 Component 1.4 (Tuna Fishery) Address and /or prevent excessive effort (Industrial Tuna Fishery TF) Management Objectives Current levels of fishing effort and capacity managed Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Refere nce Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsi bility/Coll aborators 2. Active participation in Adhoc Working Group on FADs No. of participation in Adhoc working group on FAD All meetin gs (100%) FAD Logbooks in use Trip by trip TF. 2 Bycatch and endangered species mitigation measures regarding the catches of shark, sea birds, turtles, marine mammals and others. 1.Ensure compliance with ICCAT Recommendatio ns and Resolutions No. of ICCAT letter of concern or identification issued 100% compli ance FC annual reports annua lly FC, GTA, FEU 2. Improve data collection from artisanal fleet (DGN) Volume of catch 95% accur acy FC annual reports 3. Modify gears to reduce bycatch Volume of bycatch 85 % reducti ons FC annual reports 2QT 2022 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 37 Component 1.4 (Tuna Fishery) Address and /or prevent excessive effort (Industrial Tuna Fishery TF) Management Objectives Current levels of fishing effort and capacity managed Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Refere nce Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsi bility/Coll aborators quarte r 2022 4. Improve public awareness education on bycatch No. of awareness educational campaigns organized 100 % reducti on in by catch es in 5 years annua lly TF. 3 Prohibit transhipment at sea under ICCAT Recommend ation 12-06 1. Restrict vessels and carriers to port operations No of Transhipment done at port 100% Trip reports quarter ly FC, GTA, FEU Country report for ICCAT 100% Trip reports Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 38 Component 1.4 (Tuna Fishery) Address and /or prevent excessive effort (Industrial Tuna Fishery TF) Management Objectives Current levels of fishing effort and capacity managed Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Refere nce Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsi bility/Coll aborators 2. Observe 100% coverage of purse seiners No. of purse seiners observed Country report for ICCAT quarter ly 3. Monitor tuna vessels including carriers all year round No. of tuna vessels monitored 100% Trip reports quarter ly Country report for ICCAT Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 39 Component Co-management Management Objectives Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/Collaborators C.4 Implementation Co management Policy Operationalise the Co Management Policy 1. No. of Implementation and operational plan developed 1 publications (prints, FC website) 2022 Q1 MOFAD/FC, MMDAs, Fisheries Association, Academia, CSOs 2. Number of Selection guidelines developed 1 Engage and establish co management committees at all levels 1. No. of National Co management Committees established 2 (Pelagic & demersal Committees established) Reports of committee and FC annual report 2022 Q1 2. No of sensitization held on the policy for operators 16 2022 Q2 -4 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 40 Component Co-management Management Objectives Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/Collaborators 3. No. of communities engaged 8 Reports of committee and FC annual report Guideline developed Training Reports 2022 Q3 Q4 4. No, of Potential Stakeholders and Committee members identified 11 (each committee) 1 2023 5. No. of training guidelines developed 1 Guideline developed Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 41 Component Co-management Management Objectives Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/Collaborators 6. No. of community co managements committees established 8 Registration Certificates from District Assembly Endorsed Management Plan 2026 MOFAD/FC, MMDAs, Fisheries Association 7. No. of communities with established co management committees 4 1.Implement closed season for all fleet No. of closed seasons observed 3 biological, socio economic impact assessment report TBD Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 42 Component Co-management Management Objectives Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/Collaborators Strengthen the enforcement of statutory Fishing Holidays No. of gazettes per region No. of additional holidays 4 TBD Ministerial Directive on fishing holidays 2022 Q4 FC, Fisheries Associations MMDAs Introduce additional holiday Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 43 Component 2 Biology and Stock Assessment Management Objectives Data collections improved and knowledge of biology of key fin and shell species (Pelagics, Semi-Pelagics and Demersal) enhanced Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 2.1 improve Data Collection system/scheme aimed at gathering fisheries data that responds to national and international policy interventions 1. Conduct needs assessment for all fleet No. of needs assessment carried out Artisanal Needs assessment report of all sectors 2022 Q2 FC, Academia, Industry Inshore Industrial 2. Improve data collection systems and methodology 1. No. of standard protocol prepared 1 Revised/ Updated manual 2022 Q3 FC, Academia annual ly 2. No. of fish identification Manuals Updated 3. No. of Training and capacity building carried out 1 10 Fish identificatio n manual Training reports, Minutes Webinars 2022 Q2 FC, Academia, CSO’s, Industry Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 44 Component 2 Biology and Stock Assessment Management Objectives Data collections improved and knowledge of biology of key fin and shell species (Pelagics, Semi-Pelagics and Demersal) enhanced Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 3. Involve fishers in aspects of data collection process for short term as appropriate (eg. Close season) 1. No. of fishers involved 200 Database available and data regularly updated 2022 Q3 FC 4. Build capacity of personnel including enumerators 1. No. of training held 5 Reports 2022 Q3 FC 2. No. of additional staff recruited and trained in data collection 35 5.Implement a quality assurance (QA) system to improve data collection and analysis consistent with sub-regional data needs No. of Standardized protocol on quality assurance developed 1 Quality Assurance Manual 2022 Q3 FC, MOFAD, Academia, CSO’s 6. Improve specialized IT knowledge (statistical tools) for technical staff 1. No. of staff trained in IT All, staff and enumerators Training reports, Attendance 2022 Q4 FC, fish. Assoc. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 45 Component 2 Biology and Stock Assessment Management Objectives Data collections improved and knowledge of biology of key fin and shell species (Pelagics, Semi-Pelagics and Demersal) enhanced Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators and industry players for better data management (Fisheries Management Info System) 2. No. of training organized Sheets, Evaluations reports 7. Develop and share management information on fisheries No. of Fisheries management information system (FMIS) developed biannually FMIS upgraded 2022 Q4 FC, MOFAD 8. Institutionalize annual science based dialogue on the status of the fish stocks (excluding Tuna) 1. No. of science based dialogue institutionalized 5 Published Proceedings of scientific based dialogue 2022 2026 FC, Academia, Industry 2. No of newsletters published 2 (Annual) published newsletters 2.2 Undertake stock assessment surveys 1. Conduct stock assessment surveys and the biology of the key commercial fish stocks annually No. of surveys conducted 10 Assessment and survey reports 2023 Q1 FC, Academia Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 46 Component 2 Biology and Stock Assessment Management Objectives Data collections improved and knowledge of biology of key fin and shell species (Pelagics, Semi-Pelagics and Demersal) enhanced Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 2.Gear selectivity studies for key species 1. No. of Gear selectivity Studies carried out 3 3 Reports on the gear selectivity studies papers published 2022 FC, Industry, Academia, CSO’s 2. No. of scientific papers published on gear selectivity 3. Assess the spatio temporal distribution of bycatch in the industrial trawl sub-sector 1. Database on bycatch in the industrial trawl sector 1 (All trawlers) Scientific observer reports 2022 Q4 FC, Industry, Academia data from scientific observers, log book reports, publications Database Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 47 Component 2 Biology and Stock Assessment Management Objectives Data collections improved and knowledge of biology of key fin and shell species (Pelagics, Semi-Pelagics and Demersal) enhanced Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 2. No. of scientific papers published on bycatch 1 Published scientific papers 4. Undertake biological studies in relation to environmental parameters 1. No. of Scientific studies on the biology and population dynamics of fish 2 Reports on biological and environmen tal studies. 2022 2026 FC, Academia 2. No. of studies on environmental conditions 5 2.3 Collect data on fin and shell fish in brackish waters and lagoons (oysters, clams and crabs) Conduct stock and catch assessment surveys to establish baseline data on these species (oysters, clams and crabs) 1. No. of Surveys undertaken 5 Ref: 10 Assessment and survey reports, 2022 2026 FC, Academia, WRI and CSOs Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 48 Component 2 Biology and Stock Assessment Management Objectives Data collections improved and knowledge of biology of key fin and shell species (Pelagics, Semi-Pelagics and Demersal) enhanced Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 2. No. of different major target species encountered 2.4 Collaborate with Universities, Research Institutions to develop marine spatial plan 1. Establish MoUs with relevant Research and Development institutions towards MSP 1. No. of MoU developed and signed 5 5 MOUs and MSP 2023 Q2 FC, Academia MESTI(EPA, LUSPA) Petroleum Commission Research Institutions 2. No. of institutional collaborations operationalized 2. Undertake training programs on MSP (ICZM), 1. No. of training programs conducted on MSP 2 Letters of invitation, Attendance sheets, and training reports 2023 Q2 2. No. of training beneficiaries 20 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 49 Component 2 Biology and Stock Assessment Management Objectives Data collections improved and knowledge of biology of key fin and shell species (Pelagics, Semi-Pelagics and Demersal) enhanced Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 3. Develop coexistence guidelines between fishers and oil and gas industries 1. No. of dialogues and fora held between fisheries and O&G 2 1 Reports on dialogues Coexistence guidelines 2022 – Q4 FC, EPA, Petroleum and Fishing industries 2. Guideline developed 2.5 Establish optimal level of fishing for canoes Assess the biological, socio-economic impact of the previous MSY and MEY No. of impact assessment carried out 5 (Artisanal fisheries) biological, socio economic impact report 2022 2026 FC, Fleet operators, Academia Conduct acoustic survey and Implement a sustainable yield regime 1. No. of acoustic survey conducted 5 Stock assessment report 2022 2026 FC, Fleet operators, Academia 2. Calculated and established Fmsy 330,824mt 10,000 canoes (Fcur=14,275) Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 50 Component 2 Biology and Stock Assessment Management Objectives Data collections improved and knowledge of biology of key fin and shell species (Pelagics, Semi-Pelagics and Demersal) enhanced Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 2.6 Establish annual optimal level of fishing for inshore vessels 1. Conduct stock assessment surveys (Swept Area). 1. No. of Stock assessment surveys conducted by swept area 2. Biomass level established 5 Survey reports (Calculated and established MSY and MEY(Inshore & trawlers)) 2022 2026 FSSD -FC 2. Implement a sustainable yield regime (MSY and MEY) 5 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 51 Component 3 Enforcing Legislation Management Objectives Strengthen Fisheries Enforcement Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 3.1. Sensitize fishers and key stakeholders on the Fisheries Laws and regulations 1. Sensitize and educate fishers No. of sensitization and education meetings carried out 8(2 per region) Training and meeting reports 2022 – 2026 Q3 FC, FEU, AG, Fisheries Associations 400(100 per region) 2. Educate and train fisheries and observers 1. No. of training held 20(4 per annum) Training manual and reports 2. No. of enforcement officers trained 3. No. of observers trained 250 170 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 52 Component 3 Enforcing Legislation Management Objectives Strengthen Fisheries Enforcement Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 3. Provide customized training for groups in the prosecutorial chain 3. No. of trainings customised 4. No. of beneficiaries trained 5(1 per annum) Training manual and reports 2022 2026 MOFAD/FC, Judicial Service 300 3.2. Increase effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of fishery law enforcement. 1. Facilitate the operations of designated law courts to adjudicate fisheries infractions (Judicial Order) 1. No. and types of designated law court operationalized 5 a. functional law courts and FC reports 2023 Q4 MOFAD/FC, Judicial Service Annually (Judicial Leave period) 2. No. of cases adjudicated by the law court 10 Courts and FC reports 3. No. of cases sent to Committee on Compounding of Offences 100 settlement cases Courts and FC reports Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 53 Component 3 Enforcing Legislation Management Objectives Strengthen Fisheries Enforcement Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 2.Develop standard operating procedure in accordance with section 116 of the fisheries Act 1. No of SOP developed 1 Reports 2023 Q1 2. Percentage of adherence 80% Reports 3. Strengthen Inter agency cooperation in fisheries law enforcement 1. No of trainings held 20(4 per annum) Reports 2022 Q4 FC, Relevant Competent Authorities 2. No. of review meetings 10 3. No of Agencies trained 8 3.3. Strengthen the implementation of Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA) (Amendment 1. Reactivate and Upgrade vessel monitoring system (VMS) VMS activated, upgraded and operational functional VMS Contract document operationalized and VMS data and report 2022 Q2 FC, AG 2. Train officers in VMS data and tracking analysis to 1. No. of training provided in VMS data tracking and analysis 5 training manuals, training reports 2022 2026 FC Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 54 Component 3 Enforcing Legislation Management Objectives Strengthen Fisheries Enforcement Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators Regulation LI 2217) improve the detection rate 2. No of staff trained 15 staff trained 3. Use statutory Photographic evidence to complement database as provided in Section 121 1. No. of photographic detections collected 5 photographic evidence, reports 2022 Q3 2. No. of cameras procured 100 Cameras 3.4. Strengthen regional collaboration to combat IUU fishing 1. Operationalize NPOA-IUU 1. No. of actions implemented 23 (recommendations) Reports 2023 Q4 FC 2. No. of IUU infractions reported through FCWC (RFMO). 10 Reports of alerts received 2022 2026 FC, FCWC 3. No. of sanctions imposed 10 Reports on investigations conducted Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 55 Component 3 Enforcing Legislation Management Objectives Strengthen Fisheries Enforcement Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 3.5. Improve Catch certification scheme 1.Improve verification of VMS data and tracking, logbooks, landing declarations and catch returns 1. Improved logbook introduced 100% coverage Inspection reports Annually FC 2. Total volume of fish landed 100% MCS Reports 3. No. of catch certificates issued 100% MCS Reports, No of certificates issued 4. No. of VMS Tracking carried out 100% MCS Reports 3.6. Enhance compliance of fisheries laws and regulations 1. Suspension of licence of multiple offenders No. of licence suspended All trawlers Annual FC reports Annually FC Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 56 Component 3 Enforcing Legislation Management Objectives Strengthen Fisheries Enforcement Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators 3.7.Improve remote monitoring of inshore vessels Install transponders on all active vessels 2. No. of transponders installed 100 % AIS, logbooks 2023 Q1 FC, GIFA 3. No. of infractions reported from tracking 3.8. Conduct studies into the extension of the IEZ Hold national fora to secure the buy-in (IEZ extended from 30 to 50 m depth) No. and category of stakeholder engaged 10 fora VMS, Logbooks 2022 Q3 FC, NAFAG, GMA Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 57 Component Review of Fishing Gear Managemen t Objectives Enhance knowledge and develop regulations on fishing gears Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators Monitor the influx and changes of gears 1. Regulate gear specifications, types and mesh size in the trawl sector 1. No. of quayside inspections 2. No. of sanctions against use of prohibited gears All Trawlers Reports 2022 - 2026 FC 2. Research, develop and trial of gears No of Gears developed and tested 2 Gear research reports 2023 Q3 FC, NAFAG 3. Recruit additional staff No. of staff recruited and trained in gear technology 20 Training reports 2023 Q2 FC Gear unit strengthened Functional Gear Unit 1 FC reports 4. Enhance capacity of FC Personnel on fishing gears 1. No. of personnel trained in gear technology, and inspections 2. No. of Gear inspection and 50 training reports and manual, 2023 Q2 1 Manual Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 58 Component Review of Fishing Gear Managemen t Objectives Enhance knowledge and develop regulations on fishing gears Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ Collaborators training manual developed Conduct Gear Audit Conduct an inventory of gears in the Artisanal and Semi industrial sectors No. of Inventories conducted 2 Gear Audit and Inventory reports 2023 Q4 FC, NAFAG Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 59 Component 4 Biodiversity and Climate Change Managemen t Objectives Protecting Marine Habitat, Biodiversity and Mitigate Impacts of Climate Variability and Change Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/Collaborators 4.1Create marine protected areas to enhance biodiversity 1. Establish baseline information (Situational analysis) 1. No. of areas identified 4 Baseline Reports & publications 2023 Q2 FC, EPA, Academia and research institutions, CSOs 2. No. of rapid assessments carried out 1 3 No. of areas proposed 2 2. Develop legal framework 1. No. of stakeholders 2. No. of communities engaged 20 50 Stakeholder engagement reports 2023 Q3 MoFAD, MESTI, FC, CSOs, Academia, Wildlife Division, EPA 3. No. of legal documents developed 1 Legal framework document 2023 Q4 3. Designate MPA(s) No. of MPA(s) (spawning and nursery grounds)design ated 2 Georeferenced points of the areas (Mapped) 2023 2024 FC, EPA, LUSPA, Academia and research institutions, CSOs, Traditional authority, Chief Fishermen, Local government, Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 60 Component 4 Biodiversity and Climate Change Managemen t Objectives Protecting Marine Habitat, Biodiversity and Mitigate Impacts of Climate Variability and Change Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/Collaborators 4. Develop management plan for the designated areas No. of management plans prepared for the designated areas 2 Management Plans 2025 MoFAD-FC, MESTI, EPA, GPHA, MMDAs, Forestry Commission-(Wildlife divisions), CSOs, NGOs, Academia, Oil & Gas, Traditional authority, Chief Fishermen, Local government, Academia and research institutions 4.2 To promote climate change adaptation and mitigation measures 1. Monitor the effect of climate change on key coastal fish species (environmental parameters affecting fish productions) No. of researches conducted 5 Research Reports on impact 2022 2026 FC (FSSD), EPA, Academia and Research Institutions, CSOs 2. Conduct research on how the fisheries sector has responded to the issues of climate change No. of researches conducted 1 Research reports and publications 2023 Q4 FC, EPA, Academia and Research Institutions, NGOs Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 61 Component 4 Biodiversity and Climate Change Managemen t Objectives Protecting Marine Habitat, Biodiversity and Mitigate Impacts of Climate Variability and Change Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/Collaborators adaptation and mitigation 3. Explore opportunities for alternative energy sources driving the fisheries sector No. of baseline studies carried out 1 Baseline report 2023 Q4 FC, EPA, Academia and Research Institutions, Ministry of Energy, NGOs 4 Build partnerships with other institutions for climate change adaptation and mitigation model e.g. restoration of mangroves No. of MoU signed with relevant institutions 2 Agreement (MoUs) 2023 Q4 MoFAD, FC, Forestry Commission, EPA, MESTI, Academia and Research Institutions 4.3 Transform marine debris (plastics, discarded fishing nets, vessels) into a viable 1. Conduct situational analysis on marine debris No. of reports developed 1 Situational analysis report 2023 Q4 FC, Academia and Research Institutions, EPA, MESTI, MMDAs, 2. Collaborate with needed institutions to No. of awareness creation 10 FC reports 2022 2026 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 62 Component 4 Biodiversity and Climate Change Managemen t Objectives Protecting Marine Habitat, Biodiversity and Mitigate Impacts of Climate Variability and Change Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/Collaborators industry as a livelihood option (‘waste to wealth”) create awareness on marine debris programmes carried out 3. Collaborate with relevant business actors towards marine debris recycling 1. No. of business entities engaged 4 FC reports 2022 2026 FC, Academia and Research Institutions, EPA, MESTI, NBSSI, Banks and Financial Institutions 2. No. of businesses established 2 FC report Publication 3. No. of research carried out on marine debris 5 4.4 Explore the viability of developing mariculture into a sustainable industry and livelihood measures Carry out Research in seaweeds culturing No. of researches carried out 1 2 Research reports and publications Reports, attendance sheets and adopters 2024 Q3 FC, Academia and Research Institutions, EPA Hold national fora to secure the buy in in seaweed culturing No. of fora held 10 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 63 Components 5 Socio-economic Management Objectives Improve the socio-economic wellbeing/balance of fishers Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ collaborators 5.1. Increase revenue and income for fishing communities 1. Reduce post-harvest loss from 35% to 20% No. of sensitization exercises on post-harvest management carried out 4 FC Reports Annually FC, FDA, Fisheries Associations, CSOs No. of surveys on post harvest losses for economically important species carried out 2 Survey report FC, FDA, Fisheries Associations, CSOs 2. Improve quality and value of fish landings 1. Types of improved handling and processing units developed and introduced (e.g. Ovens and dryers) 3 FC Reports Annually FC, FRI, GRATIS, Private sector, Fisheries Associations, Academia 2. Types of improved handling and processing units adopted 3. No. of improved handling and processing units adopted 5 10 4. No. of green energy (e.g. solar) fish processing units promoted 10 No. of beneficiaries using improved processing units 100 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 64 Components 5 Socio-economic Management Objectives Improve the socio-economic wellbeing/balance of fishers Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ collaborators No. of new products promoted for domestic, regional and international markets 5 (fish powder, shrimp powder, fish kebab, fresh/ smoked fish fillet, fish sausage) 3. Improve fish handling standards 1. No. of sensitization and awareness creation programs carried out on fish handling standards 4 FC Reports Annually MOFAD, FC, Fisheries Associations, Academia, private sector, GSA, FDA, CSOs 2. No. of processors and traders trained on fish handling standards 500 3. No of improved fish handling containers distributed 500 4. No. of improved plastic chopping boards distributed 25000 (10kg) 25000 (20kg) Small (25000) (5kg) 5. No. of fish processors sensitized on class 1 certification scheme 500 FC, FDA, NGOs Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 65 Components 5 Socio-economic Management Objectives Improve the socio-economic wellbeing/balance of fishers Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ collaborators 6. No. of processors certified on class 1 certification 10 4. Improve packaging and transportation of fish 1. No. of trainings on fish packaging and branding organised 10 FC Reports Annually FC, FDA, GSA, Private sector, GPRTU, Fisheries Associations, CSOs 2. No. of processors trained on fish packaging and branding 500 3. No. of packaging equipment and materials supplied 1000 4. Frequency of awareness creation programs on transportation of fish carried out 2 5.2 Improve fish markets and trade Facilitate the development of fish market infrastructure 1. No. of fish market infrastructure developed and operationalised 10 Annually FC, FDA, MMDAs Private sector 2. No. of fish processors sensitized on AfCFTA 500 Infrastructur e Report Develop database on fish markets Database on fish markets developed Database Database FC, CSOs Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 66 Components 5 Socio-economic Management Objectives Improve the socio-economic wellbeing/balance of fishers Operational Objective / Strategic Actions Management Measures Indicator Target / Limit / Reference Point Means of Verification Time Frame Responsibility/ collaborators 5.3 Promote inter-agency data sharing Formalize Inter-agency cooperation in data sharing No. of Inter-agency agreements signed 3 Agreement (MOU) 2022 Q4 FC, Customs, BOG, GEPA, 5.4 Generate socio-economic information to inform policy development Undertake socio economic studies on impact of management interventions (e.g. closed seasons, construction of landing sites) No. of studies carried out 5 Study reports/ publications Annually FC, Academia, CSOs 5.5 Promote alternative/supp lementary livelihood Identify and promote alternative/ supplementary livelihood programs 1. No. of alternative livelihood programs identified and promoted 2 Report Annually FC, Fisheries Associations CSOs, local authorities 2. No. of beneficiaries of identified alternative livelihood programmes 2500 Study on alternative livelihood implementation programs Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 67 CHAPTER 7 Financing of the Management Plan To achieve the objectives of the 2022 – 2026 MFMP, adequate financial and human resources must be allocated to the implementation. The Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development and the Fisheries Commission are committed to funding the plan through the following sources: • the Commission’s internally generated funds, IGF • Government of Ghana, GoG • Bilateral and donor sources The activities of the management plan will also be incorporated into the Commission’s annual action / work plans to ensure easy and smooth implementation. One-year financial plan for 2022 is presented in table 7. Table 7: Year One (2022) Financial Plan Components Lead Responsibility Activities Implementation Period and Budget USD Strategic Objectives - SO Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Component 1: Address Excessive Effort - Canoe SO 1.1 Registration of all canoes and Implementation of Canoe Identification Card (CIC) Management tool MFMD, MCSD Finalise the registration of all active canoes, Print and Issue outstanding CIC, publication of canoe register 45,000 40,000 SO 1.2 Control of new entrants to the fishery and capacity reduction MFMD, MCSD Engagements, communication and sensitization towards moratorium on all fleet 120,000 SO 1.3 Update semi-industrial vessel Register MFMD, MCSD Conduct Re registration/census of all inshore vessels. 21,000 SO 1.4 Improve safety and security of vessel operators and crew MCSD, FEU, MFMD Liase with GMA to conduct Safety & Security Training for all operators & crew 25000 Component 2: Biology and Stock Assessment SO 2.1 improve Data Collection system/scheme aimed at gathering fisheries data that FSSD Training of enumerators and fishers 90,000 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 68 responds to national and international policy interventions SO 2.2 Conduct minimum of two stock assessment surveys (preferably 1 each in minor and major upwelling season) FSSD Conduct stock assessment of pelagic and demersal resources by the acoustic and swept area methodology respectively 60,000 SO 2.3 Initiate Collaboration with Universities and Research Institutions and Oil & Gas industries (towards marine spatial planning) FSSD Stakeholder meetings to collaborate and integrate initiatives from other sector agencies 35,000 Component 3: Enforcing Legislation S0 3.1: Sensitize fishers and key stakeholders on the fisheries laws and regulations MCS / FEU Educate and train fisheries enforcement officers and other stakeholders 10,000 Sensitize and educate fishers 10,000 Provide customized training for groups in the prosecutorial chain 20,000 20,000 20,000 40,000 SO 3.2: Increase effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of fishery law enforcement MCS / FEU Strengthen inter agency cooperation in fisheries enforcement 20,000 20,000 20,000 SO 3.3: Strengthen the implementation of PSMA MCS / FEU Train officers in VMS data and tracking analysis to improve the detection rate 20,,000 20,000 40,000 20,000 Component4:Biodiversity and Climate Change SO 4.1: Create marine protected areas to enhance biodiversity MFMD, FSSD Designate MPAs 50,000 50,000 50,000 Prepare management plans 50,000 SO 4.2: To promote climate change adaptation and mitigation measures MFMD/ University , Undertake research on how the fisheries sector has responded to the issues of climate change adaptation and mitigation 100,000 100,000 200,000 SO 4.3: Transform marine debris into viable industry as a livelihood (waste to wealth) MFMD, University Private Sector Conduct situational analysis on marine debris 10,000 10,000 Develop business plan for marine debris management 10,000 10,000 Component 5:Socio-economic Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 69 SO 5.1: Increase revenue and income for fishing communities PHU Carry out sensitization on post-harvest management 20,000 20,000 40,000 20,000 Sensitization and awareness creation on hygienic fish handling 20,000 40,000 20,000 20,000 SO 5.2 Improve fish markets and trade PHU Develop data base on fish markets 50,000 SO 5.5 Promote alternative livelihoods PHU, MFMD, IFMD Carry out studies on alternative livelihood programmes 20,000 Operational Activities Procurement FC Consultants Publications 100,00 200,000 300,000 Recruitment FC Staff for fish gear operations 200,000 Total Budget 2,326,000.00 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 70 REFERENCES Astles, K. L. (2015). Linking risk factors to risk treatment in ecological risk assessment of marine biodiversity. ICES J.Mar. Sci, 72, 1116-1132. Dovlo, E., K. Amador, & B Nkrumah. Information Report No.36 Fisheries Commission (2020). Annual Report 2020. Available at m.efisheriescommission@gmail.com Food and Agriculture Organization (2020). Annual The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome. http://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en Food and Agriculture Organization (2003). Fisheries Management. The ecosystem approach to fisheries. Rome: FAO. Government of Ghana. (2017). Medium Term National Development Policy Framework: Agenda for Job: Creating prosperity and equal opportunities for all. National Development Planning Commssion. Accra: GoG. Ghana Statistical Service (2020). Gross Domestic Product. Ghana Statistical Service: Statistics for Development and Progress. International Standards. (2010). Risk Management-t—Risk Assessment Techniques (IEC/ISO 31010:2009). , Switzerland-Geneva: International Electrotechnical Commission. International Standard (2018). Risk Management—Guidelines; ISO 31000:2018(E). Geneva, Switzerland: International Organisation for Standardisation. Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development (2015). National Fisheries Management Plan 2015 – 2019 . Government of Ghana Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development (2020). Co-Management Policy for the Fisheries Sector. GoG. Nikolioudakis, N., Yaqub, H.B., Joanny, T.G.T., Isari, S., Ensrud, T.M., Annan, T. (2021). Transboundary demersal and pelagic resources and ecosystems in the western Gulf of Guinea, 20 July-17 Agust 2019. NORAD-FAO PEOGRAMME GCP/GLO/690/NOR, CRUISE REPORTS DR FRIDTJOF NANSEN, EAF-Nansen.CR/2-19/8 World Bank. (2013). West Africa Regional Fisheries programme. Project appraisal document for the republic of Ghana. Report No. 57898-GH. Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana (2022 – 2026) 71 ANNEXES Annex 1: Contributions of Sectors to GDP Sub-Sector 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Agriculture: 22.1 22.7 21.6 19.7 18.5 • Fisheries Sub sector 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 Industry 34.6 30.1 32.7 34.0 34.2 Services 43.2 46.7 46.0 46.3 47.2 Source: Ghana Statistical Service b. Key Issues Related to the Fishery Annex 2: Management and Operational Objectives MSY Fmsy period canoe Inshore Trawlers canoe Inshore Trawlers 2015 2019 239,912 13,713 30,637 9,095 272 48 2020 2025 330,824 9,132 22,823 10,000 239 88