National Environmental Action Plan of Estonia for 2007-2013

2.2. Planning of the costs of lines of action................................................................................................................................................................. 11

2.3. Coefficients used for adjusting costs..................................................................................................................................................................... 11

2.4. Analysis of socioeconomic impact......................................................................................................................................................................... 12 3. ASSESSMENT OF THE PRIORITY AND RATIONALITY OF ACTIVITIES. ............................................................................................................................. 14 4. SUMMARY FORECAST OF THE COST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN 2007-2013.................................................................................. 15 5. ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT UNDER THE ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN 2007-2013. .......................................................... 17 6. INDICATORS FOR THE OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN 2007-2013................................................................................................................................................................................................ 39 6.1. Sustainable use of natural resources and reduction of waste generation................................................................................................................39 6.2. Preservation of the diversity of landscapes and biodiversity....................................................................................................................... 41

6.3. Climate change mitigation and quality of ambient air................................................................................................................................... 41

6.4. The environment, health and quality of life........................................................................................................................................................ 43 7. MONITORING AND UPDATING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN AND TAKING MONITORING RESULTS INTO ACCOUNT IN UPDATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY. ....................................................................................... 45

7.1. Monitoring period........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45

7.2. Persons carrying out monitoring............................................................................................................................................................................ 45

7.3. Content of monitoring................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45

7.4. Adjustment of the Environmental Action Plan and the Environmental Strategy on the basis of monitoring results............. 46 8. ABBREVIATIONS USED. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 47 9. List of members of working groups for ENVIROMENTAL ACTION PLAN 2007-2013. ............................................................................................. 48 Environmental Action Plan implements the Environmental Strategy Estonia is changing. The changes – in economy, the consensual list of nationally prioritised lines of action social sphere and also in the environment – have aimed at achieving the primary goals of the environ- been particularly remarkable in recent years. The Min- mental policy specified in the national Environmental istry of the Environment initiated the preparation of a Strategy, indicating the financing needs. long-term environmental strategy to keep up with the The structure of the Environmental Action Plan is changes in the sphere of the environment, to direct based on the following sub-areas defined on the these changes to an optimal extent and to link the basis of the terms of reference of the Environmental changes with other spheres. Strategy 2030: The thorough Estonian Environmental Strategy 2030 1) sustainable use of natural resources and reduction was completed by the end of 2006 and the Riigikogu of waste generation; approved it on 14 February 2007. Along with the En- vironmental Strategy the National Environmental Ac- 2) preservation of the diversity of landscapes and bio- tion Plan 2007-2013 was also prepared, which serves diversity; as the implementation plan of the Strategy. The sphere 3) climate change mitigation and good quality of am- of the environment comprises several areas that differ bient air; from each other materially in terms of contents, scope 4) the environment, human health and quality of life; and specific features. The Environmental Action Plan 5) environmental management. specifies the measures and activities that contribute to the accomplishment of the goals formulated in the The Environmental Action Plan was drawn up by work- Environmental Strategy and to the interconnection ing groups formed for the purpose of preparation of of the goals with sub-areas over the next seven years. the Strategy and consisting of specialists of the rel- Also, the priorities of sustainable public procurements evant areas. The representatives of seven ministries, to be organised in Estonia and the activities planned academic circles (the Nature Protection Commission for carrying out the procurements are set out in the of the Estonian Academy of Sciences), associations of Environmental Action Plan. local governments (the Association of Estonian Cities and the Association of Municipalities of Estonia) and The Environmental Action Plan was prepared for a other non-governmental organisations (the Estonian term of seven years owing to the EU programming pe- Council of Environmental NGOs, the Network of Esto- riod 2007-2013; the sector-specific action plans pre- nian Non-profit Organisations, the Estonian Chamber pared with a view to using the structural funds of the of Agriculture and Commerce, the Estonian Chamber EU determine, to a material extent, the goals and pri- of Commerce and Industry, and the Estonian Society ority development trends established in the sphere of for Nature Conservation) were engaged. the environment as well. In other words – the principal aim of the Environmental Action Plan is to present a Annika Uudelepp Secretary General Ministry of the Environment 1. INTRODUCTION Pursuant to Regulation No. 302 of the Government of Republic of 13 December 2005 “Types of Strategic Development Plans and Pro- cedure for Drawing up, Modification, Implementation, Evaluation and Reporting Thereof,” the National Environmental Action Plan of Estonia 2007-2013 serves as the implementation plan of the Estonian Environmental Strategy 2030. The Action Plan is presented in the form of activity tables that correspond to the measures (lines of activity) specified in the Environmental Strategy. Just like the Environmental Strategy, the implementation plan thereof builds upon the principles of the National Strategy on Sustain- able Development “Sustainable Estonia 21” and accords consideration to several other development plans that have already been drawn up or are being drawn up, e.g. Estonian Fisheries Strategy 2007-2013, Estonian Rural Development Strategy and Development Plan 2007-2013, National Budgetary Strategy 2007-2010, Draft Operational Programme for the Development of the Living Environ- ment, Draft Nature Conservation Development Plan until 2035, Draft Operational Programme for the Development of the Economic Environment, Draft Operational Programme for the Development of Human Resources and the development plans of other related spheres. The sphere of the environment comprises various sectors that differ from each other materially in terms of contents, scope and specific features. The Environmental Action Plan integrates measures and activities set out in sector-specific development plans into one docu- ment and aims at achieving the goals formulated in the Environmental Strategy. The seven years’ perspective of the Environmental Action Plan was chosen in accordance with the EU’s programming period 2007-2013 by analogy to the National Strategy of Using Structural Instruments that is being drafted in Estonia, the Sector-Specific Operational Programme for the Development of the Living Environment, the Rural Development Plan and the Operational Programme for Fisher- ies which determine the objectives of using a substantial part of funds envisaged for the environmental sector, as well as the relevant priority lines of action. The National Environmental Action Plan of Estonia 2007-2013 serves as the implementation plan of the Estonian Environmental Strat- egy 2030. As since 1997 the implementation plan of the Environmental Strategy has been called the Environmental Action Plan, the current implementation plan is also called the Environmental Action Plan for the sake of clarity and consistency. The current Environ- mental Action Plan 2007-2013 is the fourth of its kind and the organisations engaged in the preparation and implementation of the Action Plan have become accustomed to that name. Also, annual overviews of compliance with the Environmental Action Plan have been submitted to the Government of the Republic for a long time. Overviews of compliance with the Environmental Action Plan in 2000-2005 are available on the website of the Ministry of the Environment at http://www.envir.ee/2851. The Ministry of the Environ- ment intends to submit to the Government of the Republic, in the first half-year of 2007, an overview of activities carried out under the Environmental Action Plan in 2006. The principal aim of the Environmental Action Plan is to present a consensual list of nationally prioritised activities aimed at achieving the primary goals of the environmental policy specified in the national Environmental Strategy, indicating the financing needs and discussing the most optimal use of non-budgetary funding sources (incl. various internal and external resources, the non-profit sector, companies’ own funds, etc.). The environmental action plan includes EU-oriented activities, the immediate regulation of which has not been placed in the capacity of the EU, but which spring from national needs (e.g. elimination of disused hazardous sites, environmental impact of the energy sector, etc.). The Ministry of the Environment managed the preparation and will direct later reporting and assessment of the Environmental Action Plan, but among others the Ministries of Social Affairs, Internal Affairs, Economic Affairs and Communications, Agriculture, and Educa- tion and Research are involved. The process of drafting the Environmental Action Plan: Experts of the relevant spheres and sectors, the Ministries of Social Affairs, Internal Affairs, Agriculture, Economic Affairs and Communications, as well as the departments and agencies of the Ministry of the Environment participated in the preparation of the Environmental Action Plan, being based on the Draft Environmental Strategy 2030 and the previous Environmental Action Plans (1998-2000, 2001-2003 and 2004-2006). A broad-based steering committee was formed for coordination of activities and provisional approval of (interim) results, which was composed of the representatives of various au- thorities and partners. The draft was submitted to partners and ministries for coordination. 10 Sissejuhatus The structure of the Environmental Action Plan is based on working groups formed on the basis of the terms of reference of the Environmental Strategy 2030, which deal with the sub-areas set out below. · The Working Group for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources and Reduction of Waste Generation deals with the sub-areas of waste, surface and ground water, mineral resources, forests, fish, game, earth and use of land. · The Working Group for Preservation of the Diversity of Landscapes and Biodiversity deals with issues related to nature con- servation. · The Working Group for Climate Change Mitigation and Quality of Ambient Air deals with energy (production and conserva- tion of energy), protection of the ozone layer and issues relating to transport (mitigation of the hazardous effects of trans- port). · The Working Group for the Environment, Health and Quality of Life primarily deals with aspects relating to human health and hazards that mainly originate from the external environment, focusing on the external environment (quality of ambient air, noise, other pollutants), the internal environment (radon levels, environmentally sustainable and safe materials), food (contamination of food due to the external environment), drinking and bathing water (the quality of drinking and bathing water), disused hazardous sites, security and protection of people (prevention of disasters and efficient elimination of the consequences of disasters). · The Working Group for Environmental Management dealt with the elaboration of methodology, methodological instruction of sector-specific working groups and harmonisation of results, assessment of the rationality of activities and other issues pertaining to the environmental management which have been integrated in the results of sector-specific working groups, and created links between different sectors. This division of sub-areas corresponds to the Sixth Environmental Action Plan of the European Union (implemented until 2010). The bases of action were set for the working groups in accordance with the terms of reference of the National Environmental Strat- egy 2030 and Regulation No. 302 of the Government of Republic of 13 December 2005 “Types of Strategic Development Plans and Procedure for Drawing up, Modification, Implementation, Evaluation and Reporting Thereof.” The steering committee of the process approved these bases on 5 May 2006. Calculation of the management costs and funding sources of establishment of the Environmental Action Plan The costs of lines of action were estimated on the basis of prices prevailing in 2006. Only new initiatives and costs relating thereto were taken into account in planning the costs. Costs were also budgeted on the basis of existing financial plans for lines of action (incl. the forecast of funding needs of the environmental protection sphere for 2007-2013). For each line of action the financing source (or sources) was designated, e.g. the state budget, resources allocated to the Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture and the Environmental Investment Cen- tre, EU funds (e.g. Cohesion Fund, European Regional Development Fund, European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, etc.), resources of companies and local governments and other resources (e.g. Financial Mechanism of the European Economic Area and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism, etc.). Adjustment for future prices is based on the summer 2006 forecast of the Ministry of Finance, the source data received from the Statistical Office and the calculations made by consultants. According to the summary of the Environmental Action Plan the expected aggregate cost of the Plan will amount to EEK 76,427,246,000 (based on the prices prevailing in 2006). 11 2. METHODOLOGY OF DRAFTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN

2.1. Principles of estimating the cost of the Environmental Action Plan The cost of the Environmental Action Plan (hereinafter referred to as EAP) was estimated for the following areas of activity: 1. The environment, health and quality of life 2. Preservation of the diversity of landscapes and biodiversity 3. Sustainable use of natural resources and reduction of waste generation 4. Climate change mitigation and quality of ambient air 5. Environmental management (management activities supporting all areas of activity) To calculate the cost of implementing the Environmental Strategy, working groups assessed the activities to be carried out for achiev- ing the goals of the Environmental Strategy in 2007-2013.

2.2. Planning of the costs of lines of action Before the costs of lines of action were planned, the relevant activities were defined and the costs of individual activities were esti- mated. The forecast of the costs was based on prices prevailing in 2006. Only new initiatives and costs relating thereto were taken into account in planning the costs. Costs were also budgeted on the basis of existing financial plans for lines of action (incl. the forecast of funding needs of the environmental protection sphere for 2007-2013, etc.). Where an activity involved the formulation of a develop- ment plan/action plan/legislation, to be followed by implementation under the new source document, the implementation costs were not taken into account in the forecast of the cost of the action plan. As the EAP is updated every three years, the adjusted costs of implementing a development plan or other source document will be added in the course of updating the EAP. The lines of action were budgeted on the basis of the following expenditure categories: · investments – costs of construction, equipment, structures, etc.; · costs of the so-called soft projects – outsourced services, labour costs (incl. all taxes), with R&D costs set out separately; · other costs – administrative and lease costs. All costs were budgeted with VAT. For each line of action the financing source (or sources) was designated, e.g. the state budget, resources allocated to the Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture and the Environmental Investment Centre, EU funds (e.g. Cohesion Fund, European Regional Development Fund, etc.), resources of companies and local governments and other resources (e.g. Financial Mechanism of the European Economic Area and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism, etc.).

2.3. Coefficients used for adjusting costs Adjustment for future prices is based on the 2006 summer forecast of the Ministry of Finance, the source data received from the Statis- tical Office and the calculations made by consultants. 12 Methodology Of Drafting The Environmental Action Plan Table 1. Indices and forecast thereof 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Construction Cost Index 7.3% 8.4% 11.1% 8.6% 8.2% 7.6% 7.4% 7.3% 7.3% 7.3% Average wages 7287 8073 9170 10,261 11,265 12,281 13,337 Nominal growth of wages 8.4% 10.8% 13.6% 11.9% 9.8% 9.0% 8.6% 8.6% 8.6% 8.6% Consumer Price Index 3% 4.10% 4.5% 3.9% 4.2% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% Real Growth of GDP 8.1% 10.5% 9.6% 8.3% 7.7% 7.6% 7.4% Sources: Summer 2006 forecast of the Ministry of Finance, the Statistical Office, calculations of EAP working groups (Construction Cost Index) To forecast the Construction Cost Index (CCI), a sub-index – the Industrial Building Cost Index is used. The value for 2006 is equal to the difference between the index’s value for the 3rd quarter of 2006 and that for the 3rd quarter of 2005. Projections of the CCI for 2007-2013 are based on the indicators set out in Tables 2 and 3 below. Table 2. Year-on-year change in the Industrial Building Cost Index Relative share Q3, 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 TOTAL 100.0% 11.1% 8.4% 7.3% 4.2% 4.0% 6.8% Labour 27.2% 20.6% 11.0% 10.1% 10.6% 8.6% 8.8% Building machinery 5.8% 9.9% 9.8% 5.9% 4.3% 4.2% 6.8% Building materials 67.0% 6.6% 7.0% 6.2% 1.5% 2.1% 5.9% Source: Statistical Office Table 3. Forecast of the Industrial Building Cost Index Relative share 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL 100.0% 8.6% 8.2% 7.6% 7.4% 7.3% 7.3% 7.3% Labour* 27.2% 13.6% 11.9% 9.8% 9.0% 8.6% 8.6% 8.6% Building machinery* 5.8% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% Building materials* 67.0% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% * The increase in the cost of labour has been calculated on the basis of the nominal growth of wages as set out in the summer 2006 forecast of the Ministry of Finance. The increase in the cost of machinery and materials has been calculated on the basis of the average values in 2004-2006. Table 4. Adjustment coefficients Increase from 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 CCI 1.09 1.17 1.26 1.36 1.46 1.56 1.67 WAGES 1.12 1.23 1.34 1.45 1.58 1.72 1.86 IBCI 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.19 1.22 1.26 The forecast of the Industrial Building Cost Index (IBCI) and of the nominal growth of wages for 2011-2013 is based on the growth rate for the last year included in the summer 2006 forecast of the Ministry of Finance, i.e. the year 2010. The cost of investments for 2006 has been adjusted with the CCI; the cost of labour and soft projects has been adjusted with the WAGES index and other costs were adjusted with the IBCI.

2.4. Analysis of socioeconomic impact Assessment of the benefits of implementation of the Environmental Action Plan is not limited to the direct revenues and costs relating to activities and lines of action, but also involves indirect gains and losses that are attributable to the condition of the environment. The socioeconomic cost-benefit analysis of the Environmental Action Plan aims at assessing the socioeconomic expediency of the ac- tivities to be carried out. As no relevant statistics have been gathered in Estonia yet, it is difficult to carry out a socioeconomic analysis. Utilitarian and non-utilitarian values can be distinguished in the socioeconomic analysis. The utilitarian values are characterised by the following: · the possibility of direct consumption of natural resources; · as a rule, consumption yields a direct economic gain; · prices are regulated by market rules; · benefits are of a local nature; · as a rule, gains drawn upon consumption can relatively easily be expressed in monetary terms. Methodology Of Drafting The Environmental Action Plan 13 Also values that are very difficult to measure in monetary terms are analysed in the course of assessment of the socioeconomic impact of the Environmental Action Plan. Implementation of the plan will entail non-market or non-utilitarian values for nature. The non-utili- tarian values are characterised by the following: · no direct physical consumption of resources is presumed; · as a rule, consumption will not yield a direct economic gain; · as a rule, prices are not regulated by market rules; · benefits are of a global, rather than local nature; · impact on the quality of life; · it is difficult to express gains in monetary terms. Non-utilitarian values created by nature can include the following:1 · recreational value – creation of recreational and tourism facilities; · psychosocial value – creation of opportunities for cognition of existence; · cultural-historical value – preservation of the historical structure of landscapes; · educational and scientific value – creation of opportunities for educational and research work; · aesthetic value – creation of opportunities for perceiving the beauty of landscapes and natural objects. Working groups assessed the non-utilitarian values of the lines of action. Possible socioeconomic impacts were defined for each line of action, identifying the source of impact (e.g. increase in employment, improvement of competitive ability, decrease of occurrences of diseases, etc.) and determining the significance of impact on a scale of 5-1 as follows: 5 – Strongly positive impact (manifested instantly (0-5 years)) 4 – Slightly positive impact (manifested after some time (>5 years)) 3 – No impact 2 – Slightly negative impact (manifested after some time (>5 years)) 1 – Strongly negative impact (manifested instantly (0-5 years)) A summary of the socioeconomic analysis is enclosed with this document. 1 Report by Ü. Ehrlich 14 3. ASSESSMENT OF THE PRIORITY AND RATIONALITY OF ACTIVITIES In calculating the cost of activities specified in the Environmental Action Plan the implementation of the activities in full was presumed. As the volume of the state budget sets limits to amounts that can be used in individual years, all activities were assessed in terms of their priority and (primarily economic) rationality so as to render it easier to prepare the organisation-based development plans of the next years. Activities with a high priority percent need to be financed in the first instance and in full to ensure good condition of the environment. The following criteria served as the basis for assessing the priority of activities: 1) Activities without carrying out which several subsequent activities under the EAP cannot be started within an area of activity (e.g. the area of activity relating to waste in the working group for resources) (10%); activities without carrying out which several subsequent activities under the EAP cannot be started in other areas of activity (e.g. activities in the area of activity relating to waste serve as a precondition for carrying out certain activities in the area of activity relating to mineral resources) (20%); 2) Activities whose postponement will materially increase costs to be incurred in the future and/or impair the current situation (e.g. it is less expensive to mow meadows now than to clear brushwood or young forest from the meadows in the future; reconstruc- tion turns out to be more expensive than constructing in accordance with new requirements in the first place) (20%); 3) International obligations assumed for the period of carrying out the EAP (20%) (obligations that have a major impact for Estonia, incl. penalties, or obligations in the case of which the activity of Estonia has a major international impact); 4) Extent and duration of impact (to what extent the implementation of the activity in question improves the current situation and whether the impact is one-time or long-term –, e.g. a new technology applied for removal of ash in power stations (20%); 5) Duration of process (e.g. in the case of designing or nursing forests – failure to start the process now will cause the impact to be felt in even remoter future (10%); 6) Country-wide impact (as opposed to local impact (10%). For the purposes of the EAP, the assessment of rationality means evaluating the utility of activities. Three aspects of utility were studied – first, utility for the consumer (circle of people operating under the same budget, e.g. a family), secondly, the profitability for entre- preneurship, and thirdly, the capability of fulfilling society’s needs for (social) welfare. As regards social welfare the entire society of Estonia was taken into account. As regards consumers and entrepreneurs only the consumers and entrepreneurs directly affected by the activity in question were taken into account. The following criteria were used for assessment of rationality: 1) Utility 5 – most needed by consumers 4 – needed by consumers 3 – no difference for consumers 2 – restricts the activities of consumers 1 – remarkably restricts the activities of consumers 2) Profitability 5 – materially supports entrepreneurship 4 – supports entrepreneurship 3 – no difference for entrepreneurship 2 – restricts entrepreneurship 1 – remarkably restricts entrepreneurship 3) Welfare 5 – materially contributes to increasing (social) welfare 4 – contributes to increasing (social) welfare 3 – no difference for (social) welfare 2 – restricts (social) welfare) 1 – materially restricts (social) welfare) 15 4. SUMMARY FORECAST OF THE COST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN 2007-2013 Tables 5 and 6 set out a forecast of the cost of the Environmental Action Plan on a year-by-year basis in 2007-2013. Table 5. Cost of the Environmental Action Plan (based on prices prevailing in 2006) Prices prevailing in 2006; EEK thousand 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL Health and quality of life 111,656 855,691 1,265,667 789,935 801,396 801,906 799,806 5,426,057 Landscapes and biological diversity 355,786 405,423 478,255 532,558 481,572 412,967 413,020 3,079,580 Natural resources and waste 2,286,853 2,322,361 4,104,307 4,136,764 3,238,600 1,545,005 1,543,593 19,177,482 Climate change mitigation and quality of ambient air 4,175,775 6,626,930 9,592,700 7,670,600 9,526,250 4,165,600 6,935,400 48,693,255 Management activities supporting all areas of activity 8488 11,235 10,482 6685 4662 4,635 4685 50,872 TOTAL 6,938,558 10,221,640 15,451,411 13,136,541 14,052,480 6,930,112 9,696,504 76,427,246 Table 6. Cost of the Environmental Action Plan (adjusted with a coefficient) Adjusted future prices, EEK thousand 2007 (adj.) 2008 (adj.) 2009 (adj.) 2010 (adj.) 2011 (adj.) 2012 (adj.) 2013 (adj.) TOTAL Health and quality of life 121,559 1,006,865 1,602,357 1,075,516 1,172,418 1,259,457 1,348,092 7,586,264 Landscapes and biological diversity 394,208 489,888 623,770 746,985 733,491 686,418 742,169 4,416,928 Natural resources and waste 2,509,239 2,770,340 5,253,740 5,698,643 4,817,456 2,529,987 2,730,038 26,309,444 Climate change mitigation and quality of 4,537,395 7,787,005 12,125,926 10,411,336 13,866,408 6,504,985 11,614,453 66,847,508 ambient air Management activities supporting all areas of 9398 13,638 13,797 9410 7233 7788 8529 69,793 activity TOTAL 7,571,798 12,067,735 19,619,590 17,941,890 20,597,006 10,988,635 16,443,281 105,229,936 Also the sources of financing were determined for carrying out activities within the scope of predetermined lines of action. A summary of the sources of financing is set out in Tables 7 and 8. Table 7. Sources of financing the implementation of the Environmental Action Plan (all areas of activity) Prices prevailing in 2006; EEK thousand 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL Relative share State budget, Ministry of the Environment 477,459 511,049 546,481 572,783 516,433 470,358 470,624 3,565,188 5% State budget, other ministries 75,427 165,702 156,737 150,061 152,117 146,244 142,770 989,057 1% Environmental Investment Centre 412,244 507,406 738,605 600,374 497,060 397,710 385,266 3,538,665 5% EU resources 1,932,831 2,732,949 4,150,748 3,963,854 3,288,988 2,158,003 2,138,214 20,365,587 27% Companies 3,640,907 5,788,968 8,986,203 6,941,363 8,641,162 3,390,854 6,205,165 43,594,622 57% Local governments 337,559 426,347 491,649 479,211 410,159 328,159 326,121 2,799,204 4% Other financers 63,915 89,875 372,815 430,490 548,220 40,445 30,445 1,576,205 2% TOTAL 6,938,558 10,221,640 15,451,411 13,136,541 14,052,480 6,930,112 9,696,504 76,427,246 100% 16 Summary Forecast Of The Cost Of The Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Table 8. Sources of financing the implementation of the Environmental Action Plan (all areas of activity), adjusted with a coefficient Adjusted future prices, Relative 2007 (adj.) 2008 (adj.) 2009 (adj.) 2010 (adj.) 2011 (adj.) 2012 (adj.) 2013 (adj.) TOTAL EEK thousand share State budget, 528,841 618,184 716,767 810,378 793,059 785,987 850,979 5,104,196 5% Ministry of the Environment State budget, other ministries 89,632 209,256 215,676 215,325 233,913 243,164 256,831 1,463,797 1% Environmental Investment 447,722 595,670 939,673 823,983 735,302 634,490 661,891 4,838,731 5% Centre EU resources 2,118,084 3,240,920 5,292,508 5,437,334 4,858,835 3,453,304 3,684,184 28,085,169 27% Companies 3,958,597 6,807,576 11,337,824 9,425,690 12,583,957 5,298,969 10,389,824 59,802,439 57% Local governments 365,896 500,343 621,255 650,610 598,416 514,214 548,610 3,799,345 4% Other financers 67,884 104,335 469,011 581,895 796,828 62,047 49,897 2,131,897 2% TOTAL 7,571,798 12,067,735 19,619,590 17,941,890 20,597,006 10,988,635 16,443,281 105,229,936 100% R&D costs were calculated separately for each line of action. See Tables 9 and 10. Table 9. Research and development costs Prices prevailing in 2006; EEK thousand 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL Health and quality of life 622 3146 1220 1220 1220 1220 1220 9868 Landscapes and biological diversity 23,950 40,100 47,150 39,550 36,650 34,250 33,400 255,050 Natural resources and waste 18,400 19,300 18,150 17,550 17,350 17,350 16,850 124,951 Climate change mitigation and quality of ambient air 11,500 15,500 6500 5000 3500 3500 3500 49,000 Management activities supporting all areas of activity 2530 2850 1370 1150 1050 1050 800 10,800 TOTAL 59,009 82,904 76,399 66,480 61,781 59,382 57,783 449,669 Table 10. Research and development costs (adjusted with a coefficient) Adjusted future prices, EEK thousand 2007 (adj.) 2008 (adj.) 2009 (adj.) 2010 (adj.) 2011 (adj.) 2012 (adj.) 2013 (adj.) TOTAL Health and quality of life 696 3865 1634 1774 1927 2093 2273 14,261 Landscapes and biological diversity 26,619 48,777 62,315 56,810 57,392 58,318 61,691 371,921 Natural resources and waste 20,589 23,709 24,308 25,525 27,404 29,761 31,389 182,686 Climate change mitigation and quality of 12,803 18,987 8705 7272 5528 6004 6520 65,819 ambient air Management activities supporting all areas of 2823 3488 1816 1658 1640 1778 1462 14,664 activity TOTAL 63,529 98,827 98,778 93,039 93,891 97,953 103,335 649,352 17 5. ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT UNDER THE ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN 2007-2013 Sector-specific development plans propositions concerning the drafting of which have not yet been approved on the appropriate level are indicated in italics. Note: For activities designated with * no financing plan exists yet; financing will be reviewed in the course of monitoring (i.e. in 3 years). Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand 1 SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND REDUCTION OF WASTE GENERATION 26,309,438 16,933,580

1.1 Long-term planning of waste management measures 9,257,209 8,438,560 Long-term planning of waste manage- 1.1.1 2310 0 ment measures National waste management plan The waste management plan has been 1.1.1.1 70% MOE, LG 1 2007 2310 0 until 2013 drawn up. Development of a monitoring and su- 1.1.2 pervision system to improve control over 79,193 0 waste flow and waste management Control over waste flow (reduction of Decrease in the pollution of land (reporting Continuous 1.1.2.1 60% Waste management plans MOE, LG 2007 27,807 0 illegal discharge of waste) by the Inspectorate) process Improvement of control over waste Improvement of control will contribute to a management by both the Environ- reduction of offences against the law (a sharp Continuous 1.1.2.2 60% Waste management plans MOE, LG 2007 36,428 0 mental Inspectorate and local govern- increase in the number of offences detected process ments with supervisory capacity should be followed by a decrease in offences) Helps to preclude wasting of resources and reduces the generation of waste. The activi- Evaluation and forecasting of the use ties are difficult to measure – the outcome is MOE, of materials and waste flow, as well expressed in a decrease in the overall genera- Directive on Waste, waste Continuous 1.1.2.3 20% compa- 2007 14,959 0 as links between them, by way of, e.g. tion of waste and in the harmfulness of the management plans process nies analyses of material flow waste generated. (Data from waste reports, Register of Products of Concern, Packaging Register, Environmental Inspectorate) Development and implementation of a system of incentives, benefits and regulations for reduction of waste 1.1.3 generation and for development of 9,084,150 8,438,560 waste management (incl. for mitiga- tion of environmental impact and risks caused by discharge of waste) Helps to achieve control over waste flow and Formulation of economic measures contributes to the development of waste to preclude the generation of waste management. Helps to preclude wasting MOE, and to ensure recovery of waste of resources and reduces the generation of Continuous 1.1.3.1 70% MOEAC, 2007 31,572 0 (environmental charges, security waste. The activities are difficult to measure process LG deposits, excise duties, manufacturer’s – the outcome is expressed in a decrease in liability, etc.) the overall generation of waste and in the harmfulness of the waste generated. To ensure the sorting of waste at the places where it is generated, as well Quantities of primary waste recycled 1.1.3.2 70% LG, MOE 7 2007 616,555 492,848 as collection and recycling of primary increase. waste flow MOE and Promotion of giving preference to and LG (elabo- introduction of optimal technologies Helps to reduce the generation of waste Directive on Waste, waste ration of that are environmentally sustain- and the harmfulness of the waste generated Continuous 1.1.3.3 40% management plans, Envi- incentives 2007 6,624,793 6,318,334 able and ensure the efficient use (the result is manifested in the reports of process ronmental Strategy and obli- of materials in all sectors (incl. the companies) gations); energy sector) companies 18 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Closing (16 July 2009) and arranging EU requirement to be complied with (6-8 LG, com-

1.1.3.4 (16 July 2013) old, non-conforming 60% landfills for non-hazardous waste which panies, 7 2007 325,419 307,994 landfills of waste conform to current requirements) MOE Setting up new landfills for waste and bringing old landfills into conformity Old landfills are closed; new landfills need to 1.1.3.5 80% LG, MOE 7 2007 286,113 270,779 to requirements for continuing use be set up for discharging waste thereof Removal of abandoned waste and remedying of contaminated soil Decrease in the pollution of land (reporting Continuous 1.1.3.6 30% MOE, LG 2007 50,303 0 – a continuing waste management by the Inspectorate) process problem MOE, Gov- ernment of the Helps to preclude wasting of resources and Republic reduces the generation of waste. The activi- and LG Promotion of the introduction 1.1.3.7 of optimal technologies in waste 60% ties are difficult to measure – the outcome is (elabora- Continuous 945,441 844,650 expressed in a decrease in the overall genera- tion of process management incentives tion of waste and in the harmfulness of the waste generated. and obli- gations); compa- nies Contribution to separate collection of waste. The outcome can be measured on the basis Directive on Waste, waste of the number of waste collection sites or management plans, LG, com- Development of the recovery of the quantity of separately collected waste. In 1.1.3.8 80% action plan concerning panies, 7 2007 203,955 203,955 biodegradable waste 2010, biodegradable waste accounts for no biodegradable waste, MOE more than 45% of municipal waste delivered Environmental Strategy to landfills. (Data from waste management re- ports, data of the Environmental Inspectorate) People’s environmental awareness increases. Organising campaigns and provision Campaigns have been carried out; overall of information concerning waste man- generation of waste and the harmfulness MOE, LG, Waste management plans, Continuous 1.1.4 agement on the national level and the 60% of waste generated have decreased. (Data compa- 2007 91,556 0 Environmental Strategy process level of local governments to increase from waste reports, Register of Products of nies society’s environmental awareness Concern, Packaging Register, Environmental Inspectorate)

1.2 Formulation and implementation of operational programmes for improvement and preservation of 9,214,018 8,317,292 the status of surface water and groundwater Formulation and implementation of operational programmes for improve- 1.2.1 ment and preservation of the status of 148,711 2743 surface water (incl. coastal water) and groundwater Sub-basin water management plans are ap- Formulation and revision of sub-basin Water Policy Framework Continuous 1.2.1.1 40% proved by the Ministry of the Environment in MOE 2001 20,598 0 water management plans Directive 2000/60/EC process 2007 at the latest. Individual river basin water management Formulation of river basin water plans are approved by the Government management plans by 2009 and revi- of the Republic by 2009 at the latest; sion of these plans every 6 years, incl. functioning cross-border cooperation; the Water Policy Framework Continuous 1.2.1.2 50% MOE 2007 30,896 0 cross-border cooperation, assessment environmental impact has been assessed Directive 2000/60/EC process and modelling of environmental against financial resources spent with a view impact to the improvement/ preservation of the status of water. Programmes of measures and sub-basin water management plans have been ap- Ensuring the preparation and proved and are implemented since 2007; implementation of programmes of Water Policy Framework Continuous 1.2.1.3 80% programmes of measures and river basin MOE 2007 10,299 0 measures relating to river basin and Directive 2000/60/EC process water management plans are approved in sub-basin water management plans 2009 at the latest and are implemented since 2012 at the latest. Obligations assumed with regard to dis- Reduction of discharges of danger- charges of dangerous substances have been Directive on dangerous 1.2.1.4 ous substances, incl. a programme 70% MOE 8 2007 30,634 0 complied with; discharges of phenol have substances 76/464/EEC concerning phenol discharges been reduced to one ton per year by 2014. Nitrates Directive 91/676/ Implementation of the action plan for The action plan for nitrate-sensitive zone has MOE, 1.2.1.5 60% EC; Water Policy Frame- 2 2004 14,400 2743 nitrate-sensitive zone 2004-2008 been implemented. MOA work Directive 2000/60/EC Nitrates Directive 91/676/ Supplementation/updating of the ac- The action plan for nitrate-sensitive zone has MOE, 1.2.1.6 50% EC; Water Policy Frame- 1-2 2008 1284 0 tion plan for nitrate-sensitive zone been updated. MOA work Directive 2000/60/EC Implementation of the supplement- Nitrates Directive 91/676/ The action plan for nitrate-sensitive zone has MOE, 1.2.1.7 ed/updated action plan for nitrate- 60% EC; Water Policy Frame- 5 2009 30,700 0 been implemented by 2014. MOA sensitive zone 2009-2014 work Directive 2000/60/EC Formulation of a floods management EU floods strategy, draft 1.2.1.8 60% The plan is approved by 2015 at the latest. MOE 4 2009 3600 0 plan Floods Directive Water Policy Framework Formulation of a regional marine pro- Directive 2000/60/EC, 1.2.1.9 70% The strategy has been adopted. MOE 3 2007 3050 0 tection strategy for the Baltic Sea EU marine strategy, draft Marine Directive Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 19 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Water Policy Framework Formulation of a plan of measures Directive 2000/60/EC, 1.2.1.10 relating to the regional marine protec- 70% The plan of measures has been adopted. MOE 10 2009 3250 0 EU marine strategy, draft tion strategy for the Baltic Sea Marine Directive Drafting and improvement of legisla- tion concerning the protection of 1.2.2 water due to the need to accord more 4923 0 consideration to the status of bodies of water Urban Wastewater Direc- tive 91/271/EC; Drinking Water Directive 98/83/EC; Water Policy Framework Directive 2000/60/EC; Groundwater Directive 80/68/EEC; Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464/EEC, Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/ EEC, Nitrates Directive 91/676/EC, Bathing Formulation of proposals for drafting Water Directive 2006/7/EC; the Water Act (subject to the approval 1.2.2.1 80% The Water Act has been adopted. Surface Water Direc- MOE 1 2006 112 0 of the Ministry of Justice for drafting tives; Convention on the the Act) Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area; Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Water- courses and International Lakes; bilateral and multi- lateral international agree- ments on the arrangement of the protection and use of water of transboundary watercourses Drafting of implementing acts pre- scribed by the Water Act (formation Implementing acts concerning the formation of usage and pollution charges with a of usage and pollution charges with a view view to encouraging sustainable use to encouraging sustainable use of water; de- of water; development and establish- velopment and establishment of water status ment of water status assessment assessment systems, linking the authorisa- Continuous 1.2.2.2 80% Water Act MOE 2007 2575 0 systems; linking the authorisation tion of activities influencing the aquatic process of activities influencing the aquatic environment with the status of the given environment with the status of the body of water, incl. restrictions on the use of given body of water, incl. restrictions land owing to the need to protect water, etc., on the use of land due to the need to have been adopted. protect water, etc.) Transposition of obligations arising The obligations have been transposed in the 1.2.2.3 from the draft Floods Directive in the 70% Draft Floods Directive MOE 2 2007 1430 0 legislation of Estonia. legislation of Estonia Transposition of obligations arising from the draft Marine Strategy Direc- The obligations have been transposed in the Draft Marine Strategy 1.2.2.4 70% MOE 3 2009 219 0 tive in the legislation of Estonia (term legislation of Estonia. Directive of transposition: 2009-2011) Transposition of obligations arising The obligations have been transposed in the Draft Groundwater 1.2.2.5 from the new Groundwater Directive 70% MOE 2 2007 587 0 legislation of Estonia. Directive in the legislation of Estonia Development and implementation of a system of incentives and benefits for reduction of human impact on 1.2.3 8,818,384 8,314,549 bodies of water and for improvement of the status of surface water and groundwater 2007 Ensuring the collection and treatment, Urban Wastewater (ac- according to requirements, of urban 100% of wastewater collected and duly Directive 91/271/EC; Water 1.2.3.1 80% MOE, LG 4 tivities 4,248,908 4,009,990 wastewater from collection areas with treated by the end of 2010 Policy Framework Directive started a population of more than 2000 2000/60/EC in 2000) 2007 Ensuring the treatment, according to (ac- requirements, of urban wastewater 100% of wastewater duly treated by the end Water Policy Framework 1.2.3.2 70% MOE, LG 7 tivities 3,104,945 2,929,077 from collection areas with a popula- of 2013 Directive 2000/60/EC started tion of less than 2000 in 2000) MOE, LG, owners Water Policy Framework of bodies Improvement and restoration of the of water, A good status of surface water or a good Directive 2000/60/EC, ecological and chemical status of bod- persons Continuous 1.2.3.3 70% ecological potential of surface water has Urban Wastewater Direc- influenc- 2007 1,459,382 1,375,482 ies of surface water, incl. rehabilitation process been achieved by 2015 at the latest. tive 91/271/EC, Nitrates ing the of bodies of water Directive 91/676/EC status of bodies of water 20 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Identification of bodies of water in Bodies of water in need of protection have need of protection; formation of water been identified, the water protection areas Water Policy Framework Continuous 1.2.3.4 protection areas and ensuring the 70% MOE 2007 5149 0 have been formed and water protection Directive 2000/60/EC process protection thereof (reservoirs, water plans have been prepared for these areas. catchment areas, karst areas, springs) Improvement and further develop- 1.2.4 242,000 0 ment of supervision and monitoring Water Policy Framework Improvement of supervision over Directive 2000/60/EC, compliance with environmental Groundwater Directive requirements (incl. monitoring aimed Functioning regular supervision of potential 80/68/EEC, Dangerous at quick detection of marine pollu- polluting objects and preventive activities; Substances Directive Continuous 1.2.4.1 tion, conformity of manure storage 80% the effect of using resources received 76/464/EEC, Urban Waste- MOE, EI 2007 90,694 0 process facilities to requirements, supervision from Structural Funds is measurable in the water Directive 91/271/EC; over the environmentally efficient use environment. Nitrates Directive 91/676/ of resources received from Structural EC, Surface Water Directive, Funds, monitoring of wastewater, etc.) Environmental Liability Directive 2004/35/EC Water Policy Framework Development and implementation Directive 2000/60/EC, of aquatic environment monitoring MOE, LG, Groundwater Directive programmes to assess the status users of Monitoring programmes have been devel- 80/68/EEC, Dangerous of the aquatic environment and water, oped and are capable of being implemented; Substances Directive factors affecting it (incl. point source persons Continuous 1.2.4.2 60% they provide updated information concern- 76/464/EEC, Urban Waste- 2007 137,330 0 discharges, water abstraction, hy- influenc- process ing the status of the aquatic environment water Directive 91/271/EC, dromorphological changes in bodies ing the and factors affecting it. Nitrates Directive of water), determine the efficiency status of 91/676/EC, Drinking Water of measures taken and plan further water Directive 98/83/EC, Surface activities Water Directives MOE, LG, Arrangement for the protection and Resources of water to be used as drinking Water Policy Framework persons use of bodies of groundwater (water water have been adequately investigated Directive 2000/60/EC, influenc- resources, wells without owners; and identified; wells without owners do not Groundwater Directive Continuous 1.2.4.3 70% ing the 2007 13,976 0 annual accounting for groundwater endanger the quality of groundwater; annual 80/68/EC, Dangerous process status of areas artificially created in mining accounting for groundwater areas artificially Substances Directive ground- areas) created in mining areas is ensured. 76/464/EC water

1.3 Mineral resources 239,079 24,339 Drafting and implementation of national development plans for MOE, 1.3.1 2007 230,238 23,049 extraction and utilisation of mineral MOEAC resources Updating of the database of mineral MOE, raw materials in the Environmental MOEAC, Register Geological mapping of 50% of maps encompassing the entire Esto- GSE, pro- Estonia and re-assessment (ranking) of nia are available with the scale of 1:50000; ducers’ as- In prog­ 1.3.1.1 60% 7 161,586 23,049 mineral deposits on the basis of their the extraction status of mineral resources (ac- sociations: ress impact on the environment, location tive, passive, spare) has been reassessed. EMS, and economic expediency (extraction ACMPE, status) EPS This activity must be as- signed the highest priority in the sphere of mineral Determination of the optimal extrac- resources. However, as tion capacity of oil shale, mineral re- there are no international Optimal volume of using Estonian mineral sources used in construction industry directives, the relative MOE, 1.3.1.2 70% raw materials as determined by a Govern- 7 2007 3521 0 (limestone, sand and clays), as well share of priority is lower MOEAC ment of the Republic Regulation as peat in a time perspective (up to when compared to other 20 years) spheres. Therefore, it is most important to ap- propriately regulate this sphere in Estonia. Formulation of a national develop- MOE, 1.3.1.3 ment plan for using oil shale in 50% Development plan adopted MOEAC, 3 2007 469 0 2007-2015 EMS, TUT Formulation of a national develop- MOE, ment plan for extraction and use of MOEAC, 1.3.1.4 50% Development plan 3 2007 5906 0 mineral resources used in construc- TUT, EMS, tion industry ACMPE MOE, Formulation of a national develop- MOEAC, 1.3.1.5 ment plan for extraction and use of 50% Development plan TUT, EMS, 3 2007 7365 0 peat ACMPE, EPS Implementation of the national MOE, 1.3.1.6 development plan for extraction and 50% Development plan implemented MOEAC, 4 2010 38,167 0 use of oil shale EMS, TUT Implementation of the national MOE, development plan for extraction MOEAC, 1.3.1.7 50% Development plan implemented 4 2010 6612 0 and use of mineral resources used in TUT, EMS, construction industry ACMPE Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 21 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand MOE, Implementation of the national MOEAC, 1.3.1.8 development plan for extraction and 50% Development plan implemented TUT, EMS, 4 2010 6612 0 use of peat ACMPE, EPS Encouraging companies that extract 1.3.2 and use mineral resources to focus on 8841 1290 environmental sustainability Establishment of a lease system for developers of mineral deposits (min- The procedure for applying for permits of MOE, 1.3.2.1 ing claim areas), i.e. build the issuance 10% geological exploration and extraction of 7 2007 0 0 MOEAC of exploration and extraction permits mineral resources has been changed. upon a commercial basis Formulation of a methodology for assessing the commercial (monetary) The methodology and procedure have been MOE, 1.3.2.2 value of mineral deposits and the rel- 20% 2 2008 2945 0 established. MOEAC evant plots of land, and establishment of a procedure for assessment Differentiation of the fees for mining rights in dependence of the extraction The procedure for payment for geological ex- MOE, 1.3.2.3 status of mineral deposits (consider- 30% ploration and extraction of mineral resources 3 2007 2945 0 MOEAC ing the value of land, infrastructure has been changed. and environmental restrictions) Setting up and implementation of a system of benefits and incentives with The procedure for payment for geological ex- MOE, 1.3.2.4 a view to introduction of environmen- 40% ploration and extraction of mineral resources 6 2008 2951 1290 MOEAC tally sustainable technologies and has been changed. restoration of mining areas

1.4 Forest 6,504,038 0 Long-term planning of the develop- ment of forestry with a view to bal- 1.4.1 96,822 0 anced satisfaction of economic, social, ecological and cultural needs Extension of the time horizon of the development plan of forestry until 1.4.1.1 60% Development plan adopted MOE 2 2008 1998 0 2020 and drafting a new develop- ment plan Elaboration of plans and regulations aimed at the preservation of age type Continuous 1.4.1.2 diversity and ensuring typological 50% Plans and regulations drafted MOE 571 0 process representativeness (also in commer- cial forests) Supplementation of the action plan Objects of heritage culture have been for versatile use of forests with a view MOE, Continuous 1.4.1.3 40% mapped and the action plan has been sup- 28,864 0 to preserving and introducing herit- SFMC process plemented. age culture relating to forests Protection of genetic resources and An archive of clones with the successors of all Continuous 1.4.1.4 supplementation of the archive of 40% MOE 2007 6178 0 plus-trees exists. process clones Replenishment of the state’s seed Continuous 1.4.1.5 40% A stable seed stock exists at all times. MOE 2007 44,851 0 reserve process Supervision over the production and High-quality forest cultivation materials can Continuous 1.4.1.6 replenishment of forest cultivation 60% MOE 2007 5664 0 be supplied to consumers. process materials Development of a system of incen- tives, benefits and regulations with a 1.4.2 view to encouraging the management 4,559,061 0 and sustainable use of multifunctional forests Preparation of implementing propos- als for systematic use of economic mechanisms in order to support 1.4.2.1 60% Proposals submitted MOE 1 2009 536 0 sustainable and economically efficient management of multifunctional forests MOE, Development of a system of incen- MOF, Continuous Con- 1.4.2.2 tives and benefits with a view to en- 40% The system of benefits is functioning Private 1,578,661 0 process tinuing suring versatile use of private forests Forest Centre Supporting sustainable development Continuous Con- 1.4.2.3 60% The area of forests is preserved or increases. 2,816,720 0 of multifunctional forests process tinuing Development of a system for sup- MOE, the porting the development of forestry University Continuous 1.4.2.4 technologies that aim at reducing 30% The system has been developed. 2007 162,675 0 of Life Sci- process environmental damage and valorising ences forestry products 22 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Supporting the elaboration of MOE, Estonian standards of internationally The national standards have been elabo- Private 1.4.2.5 acknowledged certification systems 30% 2 2007 469 0 rated. Forest by 2009 and encouraging the promo- Centre tion of sustainable forestry Development of forestry-related in- 1.4.3 formation and monitoring systems to 1,173,396 0 enable informed decisions to be made Development of a forestry information system and carrying out forestry sur- veys to obtain objective and updated MOE, Continuous 1.4.3.1 overviews of processes in the forestry 70% The information system functions. 2007 480,789 0 CFPS process sector (forest register, inventory of private forests, forestry information and statistics) Organisation of monitoring to supervise the attainment of all four MOE, Continuous 1.4.3.2 components of the objective to bal- 60% Monitoring functions. 2007 94,247 0 CFPS process ance different needs in growing and using forests. Development of a support system Continuous 1.4.3.3 that ensures continuous monitoring 60% The protection of key biotopes is ensured. MOE 2007 598,360 0 process and protection of key biotopes Improvement of the supervision 1.4.4 system for reduction of unlawful use MOE 674,759 0 of forests MOE, Improvement of control over supply Measures improving the control have been 1.4.4.1 30% MOF, 2 2008 514 0 chain, incl. origin of imported timber implemented. MOEAC Control over payment of taxes; devel- MOE, 1.4.4.2 opment of a pertinent information 50% The information system functions. MOF, 3 2007 967 0 system MOEAC Employment of nature guards in Continuous 1.4.4.3 30% Nature guards have been employed. MOE, NCC 2007 45,868 0 intensely used and sensitive areas process Improvement of post-felling supervi- sion and implementation of obliga- Continuous 1.4.4.4 60% Reforestation is ensured. MOE, EI 9482 0 tory reforestation (for the purposes of process the Forest Act) Development of integrated supervi- Continuous 1.4.4.5 sion over compliance with provisions 60% Decrease in violations of law MOE, EI 617,928 0 process of forestry law and hunting

1.5 Fish 428,811 68,505 Long-term planning of the develop- ment of fisheries, elaboration and 1.5.1 implementation of regulations for 110,714 0 sustainable management of fish resources Implementation of the Fisheries 1.5.1.1 50% The Strategy has been implemented. MOA 7 2007 0 0 Strategy Identification and implementation Measures necessary for ensuring peaceful 1.5.1.2 of measures necessary for ensuring 50% MOE 7 2007 515 0 spawning of fish have been implemented peaceful spawning of fish Matching fishing capacity with fishing Fishing capacity matches fishing opportuni- European Common Fisher- MOE, Continuous 1.5.1.3 80% 106,903 0 opportunities and resources ties and resources ies Policy (CFP) MOA process Organising a system of leasing the Continuous 1.5.1.4 40% Lease mechanisms have been developed. MOE 2754 0 management of fish stocks process Identification of bodies of water and Bodies of water suitable for recreational fish- 1.5.1.5 coastal areas suitable for recreational 10% MOE 3 2007 542 0 ing activities have been identified. fishing activities Improvement of monitoring and supervision to ensure ecosystem- 1.5.2 219,645 68,505 based management of fish stocks and minimising the effect of fishing Improvement of supervision over 1.5.2.1 60% Improved supervision EI 6 2007 121,718 68,505 fishing activities Improvement of the assessment of the indirect effects of special use of water (damming, fish farming, dredging, dumping into bodies of Improved quality and supervision of environ-

1.5.2.2 MOE 6 2007 4868 0 water, transportation of water) on fish mental impact assessments resources, and taking into account these effects (environmental impact assessments, etc.) Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 23 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Zoning of coastal waters and mapping Spawning sites and habitats have been 1.5.2.3 of spawning sites and habitats in 50% MOE 3 2007 2815 0 mapped. coastal waters Mapping of spawning sites and habitats in inland bodies of water, and Spawning sites and habitats have been 1.5.2.4 50% MOE 7 2007 7112 0 concentration of information concern- mapped. ing the spawning sites and habitats Preparing an overview of fish resources and reproductive capacity, Better overview of fish resources and EC Regulations No. UT MI, 1.5.2.5 improvement of monitoring of fish 50% reproductive capacity; more accurate fishing 1543/2000, 1639/2001 and MOE, 7 2007 83,132 0 resources and of the accuracy of fish- statistics 1584/2004 MOA ing statistics Development of a system of incen- 1.5.3 tives and benefits that promotes 98,452 0 sustainable use of fish resources Development and implementation of mechanisms for compensation of The mechanisms for compensation have MOE, 1.5.3.1 10% 7 2007 24,099 0 damage caused by competing species been developed. MOA (incl. seals and cormorants) Promotion of the introduction and use 1.5.3.2 of environmentally sustainable fishing 90% Use of selective fishing methods MOE 7 2007 59,388 0 gear and methods Promotion of environmentally sustain- Recreation fishing as a branch of recreation able recreational fishing as tourism MOE, 1.5.3.3 40% industry has developed; training courses 7 2007 14,965 0 and recreation activities; promotion of MOA have been carried out. relevant training

1.6 Game 317,528 84,884 Long-term planning of the develop- ment of hunting, being based on the 1.6.1 agreement of different stakeholders 103,909 0 on the ecological, social and economic aspects of hunting Implementation of the Hunting Activities specified in the Hunting Develop- 1.6.1.1 60% MOE 7 2007 82,390 0 Development Plan ment Plan have been carried out. Preparation of management plans for Management plans for hunting grounds have MOE, 1.6.1.2 60% 7 2007 20,598 0 hunting grounds been prepared. CFPS Preparation of management plans for Management plans for use and protection 1.6.1.3 70% Directive 92/43/EEC MOE 1 2007 921 0 using and protection of wild game have been prepared. Development of research and setting up a monitoring system for 1.6.2 82,643 46,597 research-based exploitation of game populations Management plan for Conducting research for research- Management of exploitation and protection control and protection of 1.6.2.1 based exploitation of game popula- 80% is based on reliable information concerning CFPS 5 2008 20,598 0 Estonian large predatory tions the ecology of local populations game (2002-2011) Development and implementation Annual adequate assessments of the status 1.6.2.2 of a complex monitoring plan and 80% CFPS 7 2007 10,299 0 of wild game populations are available. relevant methods Development of research activities High potential of the hunting sector for car- 1.6.2.3 and organisational structure in the 70% rying out research, and acting on the results MOE 3 2007 51,746 46,597 hunting sector of research Training of hunters and designing the Increased awareness of hunters; positive 1.6.3 60% MOE 7 2007 82,390 0 reputation of hunting image of hunting in society Diversification of rural life through Increased importance of hunting in rural MOE, 1.6.4 40% 7 2007 48,586 38,287 hunting activities regions MOA

1.7 Soil 12,427 0 Elaboration and implementation of an 1.7.1 integrated soil policy for sustainable 0 0 utilisation of soil Drafting of the Soil Act in conjunction MOE, with the Ministry of Justice, which 1.7.1.1* 40% The Soil Act has been adopted. MOA, 2 2010 0 0 regulates the protection and use of ARC soil in an integrated manner MOE, Elaboration of an action plan for 1.7.1.2* 40% The action plan has been adopted. MOA, 7 2007 0 0 sustainable utilisation of soil ARC European Soil Strat- egy COM(2006)231; SEC(2006)620; MOE, SEC(2006)1165; 1.7.1.3* Formulation of a soil policy 50% The policy has been formulated. MOA, 7 2007 0 0 COM(2006)232 ARC (2006/0086(COD)); Rural Development Plan 2007- 2013 24 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Establishment of an organisation for settlement of problems arising from MOA, 1.7.1.4* Liability has been defined. 1 2007 0 0 the use of soil, which unites various MOE stakeholders Development of a monitoring and 1.7.2 information system concerning the 9852 0 use of land and soil Adequate information concerning the use of Development of monitoring of the 1.7.2.1 60% soil and land is available for making further European Soil Strategy MOE, ARC 7 2007 6762 0 use of land decisions Harmonisation of databases contain- ing information about the use of land 1.7.2.2 and about soil parameters; creation of 50% The database has been set up. MOE, ARC 7 2007 3090 0 opportunities for cross-usage of the databases Increasing the awareness of land-own- ers about the need to keep plots of 1.7.3 land with high-class soil in agricultural 2575 0 usage as well as about the preserva- tion and improvement of soil fertility Dissemination of information, in a format understandable to everyone, Loss of agricultural land to construction areas MOA, 1.7.3.1* 40% European Soil Strategy 7 2007 0 0 about soil fertility (on the basis of has decreased when compared to 2006. MOE soil maps) Introduction and promotion of Increased awareness about technologies that MOA, 1.7.3.2* technologies suitable for preservation 50% 7 2007 2575 0 contribute to the preservation of soil fertility MOE of soil fertility Setting up and implementation of 1.7.4 a system of incentives and benefits 0 0 ensuring sustainable use of soil Setting up a system of support for development and introduction of MOA More technologies that contribute to the 1.7.4.1* technologies that contribute to the (ARC), 0 0 preservation of soil fertility are being used. preservation and improvement of MOE soil fertility

1.8 Use of land 336,328 0 Formulation and implementation of a landscape policy, considering the principles of the European Landscape 1.8.1 80,176 0 Convention; if necessary, drafting the relevant legislation, instructions and action plans Ratification of the European Land- European Landscape MOE, 1.8.1.1 70% The Convention has been ratified. 2 2007 352 0 scape Convention Convention MOC Analysis of the general and special measures of protection, management Analysis of the operation of measures; action European Landscape MOE, 1.8.1.2 40% 2 2007 3282 0 and planning of landscapes, and draft- plan Convention MOC ing of a further action plan Identification of quality indicators on European Landscape MOE, 1.8.1.3 40% Quality indicators have been identified. 5 2009 11,044 0 the local level Convention MOIA Updating the plan for development of Continuous 1.8.1.4 rural architecture and landscapes, and The development plan has been updated. MOA 35,421 0 process ensuring the implementation thereof Ensuring the implementation of the Continuous 1.8.1.5 thematic plan concerning valuable Improved protection of valuable landscapes MOA, LG 19,479 0 process landscapes MOE, Drafting of an action plan for arrang- National Rural Develop- 1.8.1.6 90% The action plan has been drafted MOA, 2 2007 4558 0 ing spoilt and polluted landscapes ment Plan 2007-2013 MOIA Elaboration of the principles of recul- tivation, restoration and arrangement, Guidance documents concerning recultiva- and elimination of objects littering National Rural Develop- MOE, 1.8.1.7 60% tion, restoration and arrangement have been 2 2008 3617 0 landscapes, with a view to arrange- ment Plan MOA drafted. ment and multifunctional use of various types of spoilt landscapes Drafting of guidance documents for integration of the improvement of ecological status in recultivation plans (i.e. recultivation of spoilt areas in a manner that suits the given location 1.8.1.8 the best, ecology and landscape-wise, 60% Guidance documents have been drafted. MOE 3 2009 2423 0 and considering also the social needs of the region in question, e.g. by way of creating new bodies of water, afforestation and/or restoration of wetland) Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 25 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Development of landscapes-related information and monitoring systems 1.8.2 27,421 0 to enable informed decisions to be made Updating and harmonisation of the 1.8.2.1 50% Updated landscape monitoring programme MOE 2 2007 4519 0 landscape monitoring system Supplementation of the Estonian 1.8.2.2 nature information system with land- 60% Supplemented information system MOE 7 2007 10,191 0 scape-related information Inventory of spoilt and polluted areas as well as individual objects littering MOE, National Rural Develop- 1.8.2.3 landscapes (mapping, overview) Sub- 60% Inventories taken by sub-sectors. MOA, 3 2007 10,635 0 ment Plan topics: peat lands, quarries, agricultural MOIA production areas. Elaboration of a methodology for assessment and monitoring of the arrangement and recultivation of Functioning assessment and monitoring MOE, 1.8.2.4 50% 5 2009 2076 0 spoilt areas and for the elimination system MOA of objects littering landscapes, and organisation of monitoring Setting up a system of incentives, benefits and regulations with a view 1.8.3 228,731 0 to encouraging multifunctional and sustainable use of land Setting up and implementation of MOA, European Landscape 1.8.3.1 the system of incentives, benefits and 60% Functioning system of benefits MOIA, 7 2007 164,781 Convention regulations MOE Elaboration of the principles of financing the recultivation, restoration Functioning financing of the arrangement of MOE, 1.8.3.2 60% 2 2007 9006 0 and arrangement of spoilt areas and spoilt areas MOA elimination of littering objects Support for arrangement of spoilt and polluted areas (e.g. military areas, Arranged objects and territories (numbers National Rural Develop- MOE, 1.8.3.3 50% 5 2009 47,308 0 quarries, peat production areas, agri- and areas to be specified) ment Plan MOA cultural production areas, etc.) Support to private sector and the MOE, 1.8.3.4. third sector for arrangement of spoilt 50% Functioning cooperation MOA, 7 2007 7636 0 landscapes MOIA 2 PRESERVATION OF THE DIVERSITY OF LANDSCAPES AND BIODIVERSITY 4 425 976 945 724

2.1 LANDSCAPES 1,497,196 285,592 Long-term and integrated planning of nature conservation, being based on the need to preserve coherent and 2.1.1 223,341 56,481 multifunctional landscapes and on the priorities of nature conservation development plan Formulation, development and implementation of principles, Organisational mechanisms and regulations organisational mechanisms and Con- for preservation of natural landscapes and Convention on Biological 2.1.1.1 regulations necessary for valorisa- 85% MOE tinuous 2007 31,120 2038 semi-natural biotic communities have been Diversity, Nature Directive tion, restoration and preservation of process formulated natural landscapes and semi-natural biotic communities A balanced and sustainable system for Integration of industrial sectors with management of nature has been developed a view to preserving the diversity of where social equality, employment and pro- Convention on Biological MOE, MOA, landscapes and nature in a manner tection of natural values are ensured; plans of Con- Diversity, Sustainable MOEAC, 2.1.1.3 ensuring that the preservation of 75% economic sectors support the preservation tinuous 2007 21,925 2833 Estonia 21, Landscape MOIA, different values of the natural environ- of natural values; nature conservation has process Convention MOSA ment is supported by social and become an economically valid sphere; inte- economic developments grated inter-sector management is function- ing and is based on ecological principles. Setting up a system of balanced ben- efits and incentives to ensure the pres- 2.1.2 524,911 1310 ervation of the diversity of landscapes and various types of habitats Development of support systems necessary for diversification of the Convention on Biological functions of landscapes, incl. setting Diversity, European Land- Con- up a system of incentives and benefits The system of incentives and benefits has 2.1.2.1 85% scape Convention, Na- MOE, MOA tinuous 2007 508,083 for private land owners, keeping in been developed and is being implemented tional Rural Development process mind the need to preserve/restore Plan 2007-2013 valuable habitat types and biotic communities 26 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Elaboration and implementation of the financing principles and bases Support systems, methodologies and action for recultivation/restoration of spoilt plans for restoration/arrangement of various Con- landscapes, being based on the Convention on Biological 2007- 2.1.2.2 60% spoilt, but valuable natural landscapes have MOE, MOA tinuous 16,828 1310 relevant action plans (e.g. arrange- Diversity 2010 been developed; the relative share of littered process ment and restoration of the littered and spoilt landscapes has decreased military areas created during the Soviet regime) Improvement and development of su- pervision and organisational systems for the purpose of managing the use 2.1.3 of land beyond protected areas and 187,466 0 thereby promoting the preservation of the diversity of landscapes and species Elaboration of the principles of determining the elements of green networks, conditions of use and Green networks are coherent and eco- monitoring on the level of local County thematic plan, Con- logically and recreationally functioning; the 2.1.3.1 governments; development and im- 60% Convention on Biological LG, MOE tinuous 2007 151,992 monitoring system has been implemented plementation of measures relating to Diversity process on the level of local governments planning and management of the use of the environment, being based on the tolerance of the environment Formulation and further development Guidelines and regulations for managing the of criteria, guidelines and regulations use of land have been developed and are for managing the use of land with Convention on Biological 2.1.3.2 40% implemented, and the preservation of the MOE 6 2008 17,997 a view to ensuring the preservation Diversity diversity of landscapes and species is thus of the diversity of landscapes and ensured species Improvement of state supervision County over the plans of local governments govern- and alteration of the designated ments, 2.1.3.3 50% Improved supervision over plans 7 2007 17,477 purpose of land so as to ensure the environ- preservation of the diversity of land- mental de- scapes and species partments Development of the system of nature education ensuring the provision of high-quality systematic nature 2.1.4 561,478 227,801 education and continuing training of various target groups, which supports practical nature conservation Establishment of a network of nature education support centres with a view to ensuring systematic nature A network of nature education support Con- Concept of environmental 2.1.4.1 education, tuition based on thematic 80% centres has been established for systematic MOE, MORE tinuous 2007 289,106 169,107 education programmes as well as support to the and practical nature education process practical nature education provided in schools of general education Improvement of the availability, diversity and quality of information Information concerning nature is diverse and concerning nature, increasing the meets the expectations and needs of various Concept of environmental Con- 2.1.4.2 coverage of such information in the 80% target groups; information concerning nature education, Arhus Conven- MOE, MORE tinuous 2007 88,709 3702 media and integration of that informa- and the environment is available through all tion process tion in nature education programmes media channels and in different formats in schools of different levels Development of practical nature edu- cation and formulation, or adaptation Modern interactive nature education Con- to the circumstances of Estonia, of Concept of environmental 2.1.4.3 70% methods and programmes exist and are MOE, MORE tinuous 2007 100,748 22,644 modern interactive nature education education implemented in nature education. process methods and programmes and imple- mentation of the same Development of systematic further Con- nature education programmes and Further training based on the needs of vari- Concept of environmental MOE 2.1.4.4 70% tinuous 2007 37,671 5230 organisation of training on the basis ous target groups has been launched. education (MORE*) process of the needs of various target groups Supplementation of national curricula with subjects relating to natural sci- ences and environmental education, and providing educational institu- High-quality and systematic nature educa- Con- tions with guidelines and resources Concept of environmental MOE 2.1.4.5 70% tion is provided in various educational tinuous 2007 45,244 8176 necessary for implementation of the education (MORE*) institutions. process principles of the curriculum and for setting environment-related goals in the development plans of educational institutions

2.2 BIODIVERSITY 2,928,780 660,132 Formulation of measures to oust alien 2.2.1 species and avoid the spread of new 93,735 9109 potentially invading alien species Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 27 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Communication from the Commission Halting the Formula- Formulation and implementation of Loss of Biodiversity by tion – 1, an action plan for ensuring biodiver- The document has been approved and is 2010 and Beyond. “Sustain- implemen- 2.2.1.1 85% MOE 2008 38,068 sity, incl. a conception concerning being implemented. ing ecosystem services for tation alien species human well-being”; EU – continu- Biodiversity Strategy 1998 ous and Action Plan 2001 Development and improvement 2.2.2 of monitoring systems to enable 145,020 7184 informed decisions to be made Development of a biodiversity Biodiversity is monitored in an integrated monitoring system and improvement and consistent manner and the biodiversity Con- of the capacity of producing informa- Convention on Biological MOE, NCC, 2.2.2.1 90% monitoring system satisfies the needs of tinuous 2007 37,948 1851 tion necessary for making informed Diversity EIC protected areas, needs of the state as well as process decisions in the sphere of nature international obligations. conservation Continuous production of information based on research and monitor- ing activities and utilisation of that information in nature education (increasing society’s awareness of the environment) and in the development Current information about data generated as of nature conservation system (im- a result of research and monitoring activities, Con- Convention on Biological 2.2.2.2 proving the capacity and qualification 80% as well as data needed for nature conserva- MOE, EIC tinuous 2007 107,073 5333 Diversity of officials and specialists). Formula- tion purposes is available and it meets the process tion of applicable guidelines on the needs of various target groups. basis of the monitoring information, being based on the needs of different target groups (incl. for the purpose of organising the protection of habitats and biotic communities) Preservation, supplementation and 2.2.3 development of the existing network 2,690,025 643,839 of protected areas Promotion and organisation of the Con- implementation of international pro- Requirements arising from conventions are Convention on Biological 2.2.3.1 75% MOE tinuous 2007 38,787 grammes (incl. conventions) relating being complied with. Diversity process to nature conservation Development and integration of pro- tective measures and activities neces- Forestry Development Con- sary for the protection of habitats and Protective measures have been imple- MOE, NCC, 2.2.3.2 95% Plan 2010, Convention on tinuous 2007 2,521,976 605,104 biotic communities so as to ensure the mented. SFMC, CFPS Biological Diversity process preservation of viable populations in a more effective manner Ensuring the continuous availability Maintaining a list of endangered species has of overviews of the extent of threat to been arranged in line with the principles of Con- species in Estonia, which can be used nature conservation; assessments of the ex- 2.2.3.3 95% MOE tinuous 2007 129,262 38,735 for protection of different species and tent of threat to species and the endangering process contributes to the preservation of factors are independent, objective and open endangered species and their habitats to discussions. 3 CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND QUALITY OF AMBIENT AIR

3.1 Energy production 44,958,828 44,863,915 Assessment of the availability of exist- 3.1.1 ing energy resources and preparation 5389 0 of long-term plans for their utilisation Preparation of the Development Plan MOA, MOE, 3.1.1.1 for Promotion of the Use of Biomass 60% Input to energy-related development plans 1 2007 0 0 MOEAC and Bio-Energy 2007-2013 Updating of the plan of reducing 3.1.1.2 70% Input to energy-related development plans MOE 1 2007 1349 0 greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) Formulation and launching of the National Programme for Reduction of

3.1.1.3 Summated Emissions from Stationary 70% Input to energy-related development plans NEC Directive MOE 1 2007 1379 0 and Mobile Sources of Pollution in Estonia 2006-2015 Formulation of a long-term national Source document for developing the energy 3.1.1.4 fuel and energy sector development 80% MOEAC 1 2008 1341 0 sector plan Formulation of a development plan Source document for developing the energy 3.1.1.5 80% MOEAC 1 2007 1320 0 for the electricity sector sector Formulation of the principles of Source document for developing the energy 3.1.1.6* 60% MOEAC 1 energy import and export sector 28 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Drafting and supplementation of legislation concerning ambient air protection (subject to the approval 3.1.2 42,411 0 of the Ministry of Justice for drafting legislation) and development of an ambient air monitoring system Drafting and updating of the second- ary legislation arising from the Ambi- Con- 3.1.2.1 ent Air Protection Act (subject to the 50% Draft legislation prepared or amended MOE tinuous 2007 3507 0 approval of the Ministry of Justice for process drafting legislation) Compliance with obligations arising from the protocols to the Geneva Con- vention on long-range transbound- Geneva Convention on Obligations arising from the Convention Con- ary air pollution, incl. developing a long-range transboundary 3.1.2.2 50% are being complied with (reports have been MOE tinuous 2007 31,071 0 reporting system and upgrading the air pollution and Protocols submitted, monitoring is functioning, etc.). process air monitoring system of the coopera- thereto tive programme for monitoring and evaluation (EMEP) EC Regulation 166/2006, Con- Introduction of the E-PRTR database Transition from the current EPER database to amendments to Directives 3.1.2.3 60% MOE tinuous 2006 917 0 in Estonia the E-PRTR database 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC process dated 18 January 2006 Annual inventories are taken and companies Con- UN IPCC, EU ETS Directive,

3.1.2.4 Inventory and monitoring of GGE 70% covered by the National Distribution Plan 1 MOE, EIC tinuous 2007 3090 0 EC decision 2004/156/EC are monitored on a regular basis process Updating the methodology for Calculation of GGE corresponds to interna- 3.1.2.5 50% UN IPCC MOE, EIC 2007 1659 0 calculating GGE tional requirements Con- IPCC reporting on GGE (climate Regular climate reports are being prepared 3.1.2.6 70% UN IPCC MOE, EIC tinuous 2008 737 0 reports) and they conform to set requirements. process Development and introduction of a 3.1.2.7 domestic trading system for SO2 and 50% The trading system functions. MOE, EIC 2007 1430 0 NOX based on pollution ceilings Support to research and development 3.1.3 activities and pilot projects relating to 38,287 38,287 new energy production methods Investment aid to the introduction of technologies for building innovative Functioning research projects as a result of TUT, UT, EEC Con- 3.1.3.1 energy production facilities as well as 70% which the feasibility of the suggested solu- companies, tinuous 2007 38,287 38,287 technologies that offer solutions to tions will be assessed MOEAC process local needs Modernisation of existing production 3.1.4 basis to bring it into conformity to 25,815,214 25,777,716 environmental requirements The units have been completed and they LCP Directive, NEC Direc- Construction of two new units of generate base-load electricity in Estonia 3.1.4.1 80% tive, national energy-re- EE 6 2006 8,253,297 8,252,178 Narva Power Plants while complying with all EU environmental lated strategies requirements. Bringing Iru thermal power station The combined heat and power plant com- LCP Directive, national 3.1.4.2 into conformity to environmental 70% plies with the environmental requirements EE 5 2007 259,566 234,983 energy-related strategies requirements of the EU Renovation of Ahtme thermal power The combined heat and power plant com- LCP Directive, national Ko- station and transition of the power plies with the environmental requirements energy-related strategies, 3.1.4.3 70% htla-Järve 5 2007 1,234,020 1,228,096 station to more environmentally- of the EU and uses more environmentally- Treaty of Estonia’s acces- Soojus friendly fuel friendly fuel instead of oil shale sion to the EU Upgrading and improvement of the LCP Directive, NEC Direc- efficiency of waste gas purification Existing production facilities comply with 3.1.4.4 80% tive, national energy-re- EE 8 2007 4,369,965 4,369,965 facilities of the current energy units of environmental requirements of the EU lated strategies Narva Power Plants Conversion of district heating power EU and national legisla- Better utilisation of combined production MOEAC, LG, 3.1.4.5 stations into combined heat and 60% tion concerning energy 5 2007 280,236 278,325 potential companies power plants efficiency The units have been completed and they LCP Directive, NEC Direc- Renovation of the units of Narva generate base-load electricity in Estonia 3.1.4.6 80% tive, national energy-re- EE 2 2012 5,024,219 5,022,444 Power Plants while complying with all EU environmental lated strategies requirements. Bringing other large combustion Large combustion plants located in Estonia 3.1.4.7 plants into conformity to the environ- 70% comply with environmental requirements Companies 5 2009 973,442 971,256 mental requirements of the EU of the EU Establishment of new combined production facilities in locations that Maximum utilisation of the potential of 3.1.4.8 are suitable for that purpose both 70% Companies 2 2007 1,879,680 1,879,680 combined production in Estonia economically and in terms of environ- mental protection Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 29 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Renovation of district heating power Current power stations and facilities charac- Producers stations and boilers in the locations terised by lower efficiency are renovated to 3.1.4.9 60% of thermal 7 2007 3,540,789 3,540,789 where combined production is not achieve a decrease in emissions and better energy expedient efficiency Introduction of renewable and other 3.1.5 19,057,527 19,047,912 alternative energy sources Existence of combined heat and power Companies, Utilisation of waste for production 3.1.5.1 40% production plants that use waste or fuel LG, MOE, 8 2007 2,237,585 2,230,251 of energy based on waste MOEAC Partial use of biofuels in the oil shale Up to 10% of fuels used for production of 3.1.5.2 60% EE, NPP 2 2007 90,949 90,143 units of Narva Power Plants energy comprise biofuels. Replacement of fossil fuels with local Current production units have replaced fossil National energy-related MOEAC, LG, 3.1.5.3 40% 7 2007 852,363 852,363 renewable fuels fuels with local renewable fuels development plans companies Construction of compensating facili- To compensate for the fluctuations of wind 3.1.5.4 ties for increasing the possibility of 60% energy, back-up capacities that can readily MOEAC, EE 2 2008 1,828,790 1,828,790 using wind energy be activated have been created in Estonia. Estonia has adequate interconnection capaci- Creation of additional connections ties with Scandinavian countries (1000 MW) 3.1.5.5 with Scandinavian countries for acqui- 70% MOEAC, EE 3 2009 5,893,620 5,893,620 to cover the compensation needs caused by sition of compensating energy the use of renewable energy sources GGE National Distribution Establishment of additional windmill parks to Plan 2, achievement of the

3.1.5.6 Establishment of windmill parks 70% MOEAC, EE 7 2007 8,056,029 8,056,029 achieve the renewable energy goal of Estonia renewable energy goals set by the EU Development of combined heat and Reduction of the emission of gases from power production on the basis of Companies, 3.1.5.7 50% landfills which contribute to climate changes, 4 2007 98,191 96,716 landfill gases in all new and large- LG and more optimal use of energy resources scale closed landfills

3.2 Energy consumption 17,025,706 16,928,404 Formulation and implementation of regulations and support systems to 3.2.1 4308 0 enhance energy conservation and manage the consumption of energy Formulation of economic measures Apartment associations are actively carrying that regulate the promotion of the out energy conservation-related activities MOEAC, 3.2.1.1 activities of apartment associations 70% 2 2007 939 0 and are supported with special loans, sup- MOF which render an energy conservation port systems and simplified conditions. effect Formulation and implementation of Individuals receive certain benefits or grants benefits for individuals aiming at the MOEAC, 3.2.1.2* 70% for investments made for the purpose of 2 introduction of energy conservation MOF energy conservation. technologies The principles of charging for energy have Formulation and implementation of been implemented which cause consum- MOEAC, 3.2.1.3 the principles of energy charges in 70% 3 2007 1341 0 ers to choose energy products that have a MOF dependence of environmental impact smaller impact on the environment. Development of economic mechanisms or support systems People can choose between various green MOEAC, 3.2.1.4* that increase the competitiveness 70% products that can be acquired at competitive MOE, com- 3 0 0 of ecologically compatible (“green”) prices. panies energy products Revision of existing regulations and An appropriate legislative basis concerning 3.2.1.5 drafting new regulations concerning 80% MOEAC 3 2007 1381 0 energy audits exists in Estonia. energy conservation Formulation and implementation of Prevention of excessive spread of small boiler 3.2.1.6 more stringent environmental require- 60% plants in cities which deteriorate the quality MOE 2 2007 647 0 ments for small boiler plants of ambient air. Support to research and development 3.2.2 activities and pilot projects relating to 3,009,761 2,926,870 the optimisation of energy systems Research and development activities Partial and gradual decentralisation of MOEAC, Con- 3.2.2.1 relating to the optimisation of energy 70% networks can be started on the basis of the universities, tinuous 2,905,108 2,871,505 systems results of research activities companies process Research relating to the introduction Household appliances enter the market MOEAC, Con- 3.2.2.2 of “smart” household appliances and 70% which consume energy only in low-load universities, tinuous 65,983 24,407 conduct of first pilot projects periods to reduce maximum consumption companies process Investigation of the possibilities of The possibility of obtaining information MOEAC, two-direction movement of informa- about low and high consumption loads is 3.2.2.3 80% universities, 4 2007 38,670 30,958 tion in the network and carrying out created with the help of IT which contributes companies the necessary tests to the optimisation of consumption. 30 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Upgrading of energy systems to 3.2.3. 14,001,534 14,001,534 reduce power and heat losses Reduction of network losses upon Losses occurring in the transmission of MOEAC, Con- 3.2.3.1 transmission and distribution of 70% electric energy are reduced pursuant to the universities, tinuous 11,486,021 11,486,021 electric energy strategic objectives of Estonia. companies process The efficiency of existing district heating sys- Con- Renovation and interconnection of 3.2.3.2 60% tems is increased and separate heat networks Companies tinuous 2,515,513 2,515,513 district heating systems are interconnected. process Increasing the awareness about 3.2.4. 10,103 0 energy conservation Promotion of energy conservation; Various printed materials and information Con- EE, MOE, 3.2.4.1 introduction of energy conservation 80% concerning energy conservation in media tinuous 2007 6071 0 MOEAC principles and concepts channels process Preparation of study materials MOEAC, concerning energy conservation for Study materials are available that can be 3.2.4.2 70% MORE, 5 2007 2523 0 primary and secondary schools which used in primary and secondary schools. MOE are appropriate to the age of children Development of knowledge concern- Knowledge necessary for the conduct of ing the conduct of energy audits and 3.2.4.3 60% energy audits has increased and the relevant MOEAC 2 2007 1509 0 preparation of necessary guidance guidance documents have been prepared. documents Integration of energy conservation in 3.2.5 0 0 other sectors Energy audits and energy certificates have Introduction of energy audits and become an inseparable part of real estate MOEAC, 3.2.5.1* energy certificates in real estate devel- 60% 0 0 0 development, especially in the case of large MOE LG opment and public buildings public buildings. Integration of the principles of energy “Green” public procurements contain require- MOEAC, 3.2.5.2* conservation in the principles of 80% ments relating to energy conservation as an 2 0 0 MOE “green” public procurements essential part subject to valuation.

3.3 Protection of the ozone layer 16,082 976 Collection, storage and reclamation, in The use of substances that damage the Compliance with EU Regu- 3.3.1 an ecologically compatible manner, of 40% MOE, ERC 4 2007 13,829 976 ozone layer the most is terminated. lation No. 2037/2000 ozone-depleting substances Improvement of the qualification of Employees dealing with ozone-depleting 3.3.2 personnel dealing with ozone-deplet- 40% substances have been trained in accordance MOE, ERC 4 2007 889 0 ing substances with the EU requirements Supervision over systems and equip- Equipment containing ozone-depleting 3.3.3 ment that contain ozone-depleting 40% substances are controlled pursuant to prede- MOE, ERC 4 2007 1028 0 substances termined principles Revision of the plan for gradual Estonia has a plan for disposal of ozone- 3.3.4 removal from circulation of ozone- 60% depleting substances which conforms to the MOE, ERC 1 2007 336 0 depleting substances actual situation in the country.

3.4 Transport 4,844,671 4,709,108 Long-term planning of the develop- 3.4.1 10,712 0 ment of sustainable transport Updating and implementation of the Estonia has a public transport development 3.4.1.1 public transport development plan 70% plan that conforms to the actual situation in MOEAC 1 2007 392 0 2006-2010 the country. Preparation, updating and imple- mentation of long-term development Updated transport development plans exist 3.4.1.2 70% LG 6 2007 9829 0 plans that promote public transport in for densely populated areas. cities and densely populated areas Updating and implementation of the Estonia has a transport development plan

3.4.1.3. Estonian Transport Development Plan 70% that conforms to the actual situation in the MOEAC 1 2008 491 0 2007-2013 country. Elaboration and implementation of a system of regulations and benefits for 3.4.2 4,397,402 4,396,938 development of public transport and soft traffic Introduction of integrated transport Interconnected transport systems exist in 3.4.2.1 systems in cities, incl. according prior- 60% larger cities where priority is accorded to MOEAC, LG 7 2007 2,928,776 2,928,776 ity to public transport vehicles public transport vehicles. Construction of cycle lane networks in Adequate and safe soft traffic networks exist 3.4.2.2 50% LG 7 2007 191,434 191,434 settlements and cities in cities and settlements Extension of parking restrictions in Parking in city centre has been restricted in 3.4.2.3 city centres and creation of new, safe 50% larger cities and thereby the use of public LG 7 2007 148,446 148,446 park-and-ride facilities transport has increased Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 31 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Bike stands and “bike stations” have been Establishment of bike stands and “bike 3.4.2.4 40% established in larger cities to promote soft LG 7 2007 26,454 26,454 stations” in cities traffic Development of the infrastructure of Passenger train traffic exists on all former 3.4.2.5 70% MOEAC 7 2007 1,101,828 1,101,828 passenger train traffic on all routes routes Incorporation of the requirement to accord priority to environmentally Legislation pertaining to planning and 3.4.2.6 sustainable public transport in the 70% transport prefers public transport to private MOEAC 2 2007 464 0 legislation that regulates the transport transport. sector Increasing society’s’ awareness and 3.4.3 designing its attitude towards sustain- 172,927 71,788 able transport and city planning Organisation of informative cam- People’s awareness of the environmental Con- paigns promoting public transport MOE, 3.4.3.1 70% benefits of public transport and soft traffic tinuous 51,494 0 and soft traffic in various media MOEAC, LG has increased. process channels Educating the personnel of local The knowledge of officials involved in governments and officials involved Con- planning and of specialists working in local MOEAC, 3.4.3.2 in planning about the possibilities of 70% tinuous 3301 0 governments about the exploitation of MOIA, MOE using environmentally sustainable process public transport has increased. public transport Organisation of campaigns for the Drivers’ increased understanding of the Con- 3.4.3.3 safety of soft traffic and increasing 80% safety of soft traffic, which contributes to its MOIA tinuous 118,132 71,788 safety development process Elaboration of regulations for reduction of energy consumption 3.4.4 263,630 240,382 in transport and for reduced use of fossil fuels Establishment of the requirement of Diesel fuel sold in filling stations contains 3.4.4.1 at least 5% biodiesel content in diesel 70% MOEAC 3 2007 22,498 21,945 biodiesel at least to the extent of 5%. fuel sold in filling stations Establishment of the requirement of Petrol sold in filling stations contains ethanol 3.4.4.2 at least 5% ethanol content in petrol 70% MOEAC 3 2007 29,814 29,261 at least to the extent of 5%. sold in filling stations Setting up and implementation of Con- The management system has been created 3.4.4.3 a system for managing the quality 80% MOEAC tinuous 135,458 114,860 and is operational. of fuels process Con- Collection and analysis of volatile Minimised content of volatile organic com- 3.4.4.4 50% MOEAC tinuous 2007 75,860 74,316 organic compounds pounds in the ambient air process 4 THE ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE 7,418,776 7,105,335

4.1 Outdoor environment 97,180 632 Development of a monitoring and information system for outdoor 4.1.1 76,476 0 environment factors that affect health, and publication of data Analysis and improvement of the existing monitoring system and Directive of the European national monitoring plans concerning Parliament and of the The physical, chemical and biological factors the physical, chemical and biological Council on ambient air 4.1.1.1 90% of the environment that affect health have MOE, MOSA 1 2008 2602 0 factors of the environment, being quality and cleaner air for been included in the monitoring system. based on assessed health hazards, and Europe (COM(2005) 447); connecting the results of monitoring Budapest Declaration with health indicators/illnesses Continu- MOSA, Connecting the results of monitoring ous proc- 4.1.1.2 90% Connections identified NIHD, UT, 2010 433 0 with health indicators/illnesses ess every 4 TUT years Identification of the needs for, and carrying out biomonitoring for the MOSA, Biomonitoring has been launched and is Budapest Declaration 4.1.1.3 purpose of observing the trends of 60% NIHD, UT, 2 2010 349 0 used for mitigating health risks. (CEHAPE) health effects and plan preventive TUT actions Development of a Web-based data- base on the basis of the database of Stakeholders and their needs have been Con- Budapest Declaration 4.1.2.4 monitoring results, and ensuring the 70% identified and the relevant information is MOE tinuous 2008 1000 0 (CEHAPE) availability of data in accordance with available on the Internet. process the needs of different stakeholders 32 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Formulation of a programme for assessment of the components of ambient air (PM2.5; noise, danger The programme for assessment of the com- Budapest Declaration 4.1.2.5 90% MOE 7 2007 72,092 0 zones of electromagnetic fields and ponents of ambient air has been formulated. (CEHAPE) mapping of establishments exposed to the sources thereof ) Development of a system for assess- ment and control of health hazards for 4.1.2 16,587 632 reduction and mitigation of long-term environment-related health risks Development of structures necessary Directives on environmen- for assessment of environment-re- Con- The risk assessment and consultation system tal impact assessment and 4.1.2.1 lated health risks (incl. a consultation 80% MOSA tinuous 2009 16,587 632 has been created. strategic environmental system) on the basis of existing process assessment institutions Formulation of regulations, instruc- tions and action plans for mitigation 4.1.3 1029 0 of health risks in the urban environ- ment Mapping and assessment of environ- ment-related health hazards and MOSA, HPI, The measures for mitigation and control of Budapest Declaration 4.1.3.1* risks, and formulation of measures for 90% NIHD, uni- 1 2008 0 0 risks have been formulated. (CEHAPE) mitigation and control of the risks on versities the basis of the results of assessment Formulation and implementation of an action plan for reduction of the impact of existing structures that The action plan has been formulated and its 4.1.3.2 80% Directive on ambient air LG 2012 1029 0 increase air pollution, noise, radiation implementation has been started. and vibration levels and the hazard of disasters in densely populated areas Increasing the knowledge of special- 4.1.4 ists and people about the health risks 3088 0 posed by the outdoor environment Increasing the knowledge of special- ists and people about the health The media, guidance and informative materi- MOSA, HPI, Con- 4.1.4.1 effects of the outdoor environment 60% als, curricula, etc., have been prepared and NIHD, uni- tinuous 2008 3088 0 (media, guidance and informative training courses have been conducted. versities process materials, curricula, etc.) Development of the speciality of environmental health from basic edu- cation (basic education concerning MORE, 4.1.4.2* 60% The curricula have been prepared. 0 0 environmental health) to professional MOSA education (risk analysis) along with in-service training possibilities

4.2 Interior space 5657 0 Formulation of regulations and development of a monitoring system 4.2.1 for observing the status and health 2789 0 effects of interior space (incl. construc- tion concepts) Specification of responsibilities and development of a system for inte- The monitoring needs have been identified MOSA, 4.2.1.1 grated assessment of interior space 90% and the responsibilities of authorities have 2 2008 156 0 MOEAC along with the identification of the been determined. needs for monitoring Development and improvement of a MOE, national programme for monitoring The monitoring programme has been Radiation 4.2.1.2* 60% Radiation Plan radon levels in residential and work developed. Protection space Centre MOE, Formulation of requirements for Requirements for construction in danger Radiation 4.2.1.3 construction in danger zones (radon 50% zones (radon hazard, old landfills, etc.) have 7 2007 2633 0 Protection hazard, old landfills, etc.) been formulated. Centre Development of support systems for use of environmentally sustainable 4.2.2* 70% The support systems have been developed. MOE, MOSA and healthy materials and technolo- gies Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 33 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Increasing the knowledge of special- 4.2.3 ists and people about the health risks 2868 0 posed by the indoor environment In-service training for specialists (incl. Training programmes have been elaborated MOSA, 4.2.3.1* 60% 7 2007 0 0 local governments) and training courses have been carried out. UT, HI Dissemination of information about the status and health effects of living MOSA, and working environment (incl. LI, HPI, Con- Informative materials have been prepared 4.2.3.2 construction concepts) with a view 60% Radiation tinuous 2007 2868 0 and the availability of information is ensured. to reducing hazards (penetration of Protection process noise, radon and other pollution of Centre ambient air)

4.3 Food 155,465 15,325

4.3.1 Improvement of supervision over food 78,232 14,621 Con- Extension and improvement of Sufficient data for assessment of the situation 4.3.1.1 80% EC 882/2004 (29.04.2004) VFB tinuous 2009 47,708 0 monitoring are available. process The opportunities of carrying out analyses have been extended. Laboratories can use a Con- technical base, means, methods and trained VFL, MOA,

4.3.1.2 Extension of analysis opportunities 80% tinuous 2009 30,524 14,621 personnel for carrying out certain analyses. VFB, ARC process Resources for having certain analyses carried out abroad are available. Improvement of the information 4.3.2 35,746 0 system of food contaminants The interdepartmental information system VFB, MOA, Improvement of the information has been improved, incl. databases have NIHD, HPI, 4.3.2.1 70% 3 2011 25,788 0 system been created and updated; first of all, inter- MOE, ERC, operable databases have been created. MOSA NIHD, Con- Formulation and publication of Dietary guidelines have been formulated for 4.3.2.2 40% MOSA, tinuous 2010 1091 0 dietary guidelines for people people, incl. separately for risk groups MOA, HPI process Ensuring the availability of data and Con- Increased awareness of certain contaminants Regulation (EC) No. VFB, MOA, 4.3.2.3 information concerning the pollution 40% tinuous 2009 7951 0 (people, producers, etc.) 882/2004 (29.04.2004) NIHD load of food process The awareness of target groups has been Con-

4.3.2.4 Surveys of awareness of target groups 40% assessed and a basis exists for planning VFB, NIHD tinuous 2009 916 0 further actions process Development of a system for 4.3.3 analysing risks arising from food 41,487 704 contaminants Regulation (EC) No. MOA, Development of a system for assess- The outline of the system has been devel- 178/2002 (28.01.2002); MOSA, 4.3.3.1 ment of the health risks and effects 90% oped, which serves as the basis for comple- 2 2009 559 0 Regulation (EC) No. MOE, VFB, arising from food contaminants tion of the system. 882/2004 (29.04.2004) NIHD, HPI Development of a system for assess- The system and structure have been devel- Regulation (EC) No. VFB, MOSA, ment of the health risks and effects oped and enable risk-based supervision to 178/2002 (28.01.2002); 4.3.3.2 90% MOA, MOE, 3 2011 12,425 704 arising from food contaminants, incl. be carried out for the purpose of ensuring Regulation (EC) No. NIHD, HPI the necessary structure and data the safety of food. 882/2004 (29.04.2004) Regulation (EC) No. VFB, MOSA, Mapping and analysis of data and Con- Resources (data, assessments, surveys) neces- 178/2002 (28.01.2002); MOA, MOE, 4.3.3.2.1 conduct of surveys necessary for as- 90% tinuous 2011 18,768 0 sary for assessment of risks are available. Regulation (EC) No. VFB, NIHD, sessment of risks process 882/2004 (29.04.2004) HPI Information concerning possible links between substances and sources is available, Identification and mapping of con- Con- which enables measures for ensuring safety 4.3.3.3 taminants and sources of contamina- 90% VFB tinuous 2009 6834 0 to be taken. The measures taken are justified tion; analyses and measures process and aim at reducing the amount of contami- nants originating from the environment. Regulation (EC) No. Formulation and application of criteria The load of contamination on food can be 178/2002 (28.01.2002); 4.3.3.4 for assessing the load of contamina- 90% assessed – assessment models, indicators MOA, VFB 5 2009 2901 0 Regulation (EC) No. tion on food and trends have been formulated. 882/2004 (29.04.2004) 34 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand

4.4 Drinking and bathing water 3,225,506 3,198,731 Development and implementation of a system of regulations and ben- 4.4.1 efits for reduction of contaminants 3,208,980 3,194,767 originating from the environment in drinking and bathing water Cleaning and arranging of bathing Bathing Water Directive 4.4.1.1* 50% Bathing places conform to requirements. LG places 2006/7/EC Construction, reconstruction and Operational Programme In 2013, 90% of people use public water sup- 4.4.1.2 rehabilitation of public water supply 90% for the Development of the MOE, LG 9 2005 3,194,767 3,194,767 ply services (77% in 2004). networks Living Environment 2013 Establishment of structures, on the Structures necessary for assessment of basis of existing institutions, neces- health risks arising from water have been 4.4.1.3 sary for assessment of environmental 70% established; health risks arising from drinking MOSA, HPI 6 2008 14,213 0 health risks arising from drinking and water have been identified in a timely man- bathing water ner, assessed and removed or reduced. Specification of requirements estab- Requirements established with regard to lished with regard to bathing places, bathing places conform to the Directive, Bathing Water Directive MOSA, HPI, 4.4.1.4* as well as the terms and conditions of 80% responsibilities are clear and monitoring is 2006/7/EC MOE, LG relevant responsibilities, supervision operational. and monitoring Specification of requirements relating The amended permit for special use of water to the quality of drinking water es- ensures that no water that fails to conform MOE, HPI, 4.4.1.5* tablished in the permit for the special 90% to quality requirements is used as drinking MOSA, CES use of water, as well as the rules of water procedure Specification of the criteria and extent of sanitary protection zones (for res- Legislation regulating the extent of sanitary 4.4.1.6* ervoirs of drinking and bathing water) 50% MOE, MOSA protection zones has been adopted. in relevant legislation, and application of the criteria Development of a system for monitor- 4.4.2 ing and publication of contaminants 13,813 3964 originating from the environment Identification of the sources of pollu- An overview of the sources of pollution is MOE, CES, 4.4.2.1 tion that contaminate surface water 90% available. HPI and groundwater Development of a public Web-based The Web-based water information system 4.4.2.2 water information system (incl. bath- 50% MOSA, HPI 7 2007 1377 0 has been created and is operational. ing water) Development and introduction of new High-quality analyses of water can be carried 4.4.2.3 analysis methods and improving the 70% MOSA, HPI 6 2008 8316 3964 out quickly. technical basis of laboratories MOE, Radia- Finding alternatives for consumption Alternatives for consumption of drinking tion Protec- 4.4.2.4 of drinking water characterised by 60% water characterised by excessive radioactiv- 7 2007 4120 0 tion Centre, excessive radioactivity ity have been found. universities Preparation of action plans for preven- 4.4.3 tion and prompt elimination of emer- 0 0 gencies arising in the environment Formulation of instructions for The instructions for preparation of the emer- MOE, 4.4.3.1* preparation of the emergency plans of 70% gency plans have been formulated. MOSA, HPI entities engaged in treatment of water LG, entities Preparation of the emergency plans engaged in 4.4.3.2* of entities engaged in treatment of 70% The emergency plans have been prepared. treatment drinking water of drinking water Preparation of the emergency plans LG, MOE, 4.4.3.3* necessary for detection and elimina- 70% The emergency plans have been prepared. MOIA tion of pollution of bathing water Increasing the knowledge of special- 4.4.4 ists and people regarding the safety of 2713 0 drinking and bathing water Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 35 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Preparation and dissemination of Media, guidance and informative materials media, guidance and informative MOSA, HPI, 4.4.4.1 50% have been prepared and information is being 5 2009 2713 0 materials; organisation of informative NIHD disseminated. events for the public at large Formulation and development of MORE, a programme of basic and further The education programmes have been 4.4.4.2* 50% MOSA, education of environmental health formulated. MOE specialists and teachers

4.5 Disused hazardous sites 2,934,220 2,924,864 Development of the legal regulation of the sphere of disused hazardous 4.5.1 sites (in conjunction with and subject 307 0 to the approval of the Ministry of Justice for drafting legislation) Formulation of proposals for establish- ment of a legal framework, incl. clearly Legislation provides for the terms and condi- determined responsibility, for preven- tions of prevention, elimination and follow- 4.5.1.1 tion of new disused hazardous sites 90% up monitoring of disused hazardous sites, as COM(2002) 179 MOE 1 2008 307 0 from occurring and for arrangement well as restrictions on operating in areas with and follow-up monitoring of disused disused hazardous sites. hazardous sites Development of a monitoring and information system for disused haz- 4.5.2 4590 0 ardous sites and risks accompanying the use of such sites Incorporation of a database of inventorying and monitoring disused Public information concerning disused Con- hazardous sites in the environmen- hazardous sites is available in the environ- MOE, EIC, 4.5.2.1 60% tinuous 2008 4590 0 tal register and publication of the mental register and on the website of the Land Board process relevant information on the website of Land Board. the Land Board (free access) Formulation and implementation 4.5.3 of plans for arrangement of known 2,929,323 2,924,864 disused hazardous sites Formulation of plans for elimination The plans have been formulated, incl. the Con- 4.5.3.1 and monitoring of disused hazardous 70% cost of elimination and follow-up manage- COM(2002) 179 MOE tinuous 2007 4459 0 sites ment is known. process Number of disused hazardous sites elimi- Con- Elimination and follow-up monitoring 4.5.3.2 70% nated: 35 primary disused hazardous sites MOE tinuous 2009 2,924,864 2,924,864 of disused hazardous sites and 25 other disused hazardous sites by 2013 process

4.6 Safety and protection of the population 1,000,748 965,783 Arrangement of the legal framework of prevention of possible emergencies relating to the natural environment, 4.6.1 18,151 0 planning of the preparedness for emergencies and elimination of emergencies Specification of the concepts and principles that relate to preparedness The concepts and principles have been for emergencies and arrangement MOIA, MOE, 4.6.1.1 90% specified and the responsibilities have been 7 2007 4299 0 of the relevant legal framework, incl. MOSA clearly defined. specification of the responsibilities of different institutions Further development of the emer- gency risk analysis model for the Necessary specifications have been included purpose of efficient ascertainment MOIA, MOE, 4.6.1.2 70% in the methodologies of emergency risk 7 2007 4299 0 of emergencies and accidents and MOSA analysis. assessment of their probability and consequences Formulation of a procedure for preparation of national risk mitigation Bases for preparation of risk mitigation plans 4.6.1.3 plans for the purpose of improving 80% are available (who prepares the plans, what MOIA 2 2008 882 0 the efficiency of actions aimed at the the plans should contain, etc.). prevention of emergencies Further development of the method- Territorial risk analyses and results thereof ology of territorial risk analyses and are more closely related to the preparation of 4.6.1.4 70% MOIA 7 2007 3896 0 linking the methodology with spatial plans (consideration of danger zones, operat- planning ing in danger zones, etc.). 36 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand Specification of the general principles The general principles of notification and of notification of the public at large 4.6.1.5 80% early warning of the public at large have MOIA, MOE 7 2007 3896 0 and of the system of early warning; been specified. development of that system Formulation of the procedure for involving volunteers in the elimina- The training, safety, insurance cover, etc., of 4.6.1.6 50% MOIA, MOE 2 2008 879 0 tion of accidents and consequences of volunteers have been regulated. emergencies Planning of scientific and applied re- search, and development of a training 4.6.2 system in the spheres of preparedness 0 0 for emergencies, crisis management and protection of the population Identification of the needs for scientific and applied research in the spheres of preparedness for The needs for scientific and applied research MORE, emergencies, crisis management and have been ascertained and the necessary MOIA, protection of the population, and surveys have been carried out in coopera- universi- 4.6.2.1 * 70% 6 2008 0 0 conduct of the necessary surveys in tion with higher education institutions (e.g. ties and cooperation with higher education Tallinn University of Technology, Estonian research institutions (e.g. Tallinn University of University of Life Sciences, etc.). institutions Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, etc.) Development of a system for in- The programmes of training in the spheres service training and basic training of preparedness for emergencies, crisis in the spheres of preparedness for management and protection of the popula- MORE, 4.6.2.2 * emergencies, crisis management 70% 5 2009 0 0 tion in schools of general education and in MOIA and protection of the population in institutions of higher education have been schools of general education and in developed and implemented. institutions of higher education Improvement of preparedness for 4.6.3 982,597 965,783 environmental emergencies The capacity of elimination of marine pollu- tion has been improved (incl. the capacity of elimination of pollution in coastal areas, Operational Programme Improvement of the capacity of elimi- capacity of sweeping of marine pollution to for the Development of 4.6.3.1 80% MOIA 7 2007 746,591 746,591 nation of marine pollution cover sea area). The objectives, indicators and the Living Environment, sub-actions are set out in the Operational HELCOM Programme for the Development of the Liv- ing Environment (clauses 4.2.7.1-4.2.7.2). Preparedness for large accidents occurring on land has been improved (incl. the capacity of elimination of the consequences of natural disasters; capacity of elimination of fires in forests and on landscapes; capacity of Operational Programme Improving preparedness for large 4.6.3.2 80% responding to industrial and transport fires, for the Development of the MOIA 7 2007 219,192 219,192 accidents occurring on land and chemical and radiation accidents, etc.). Living Environment The objectives, indicators and sub-actions are set out in the Operational Programme for the Development of the Living Environment (clauses 4.2.7.1-4.2.7.2). Carrying out various exercises to im- 4.6.3.3 prove preparedness for environmental 80% Exercises have been carried out. MOIA, MOE 6 2008 8749 0 emergencies Participation in EU, NATO, UN and other international actions relating to 4.6.3.4 50% MOIA 7 2007 8065 0 crisis management and protection of the population Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 37 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES SUPPORTING ALL SPHERES) 69,793 19,813

5.1 Development of environmental management systems 4237 0 Formulation of the strategy for Regulation (EC) No. 5.1.1 promotion of environmental manage- 60% The strategy has been approved. MOE 1 2007 587 0 761/2001 ment systems 2007-2013 Promotion of the use of environmen- tal management systems, incl. EMAS, 190 organisations use an environmental Con- Regulation (EC) No. 2007- 5.1.2 adjustment of the systems to various 60% management system by the end of 2007, 290 MOE tinuous 2060 0 761/2001 2013 types of organisations, assessment of by the end of 2013 (incl. 10 EMAS systems) process after-effect, dissemination of results Competition for the title “Environ- Con- 5.1.3 ment-friendly Company” (once in 2 40% Competitions carried out. MOE tinuous 200 0 years) process 2007 Companies apply for the EC eco-label. Con- Con- (ac- Development of the EC eco-label sys- Regulation (EC) No. 5.1.4 70% sumers’ and companies’ increased awareness MOE tinuous tivities 1390 0 tem and introduction of eco-labels 1980/2000 of eco-labels. process started in 2004) 5.2 Improvement and sustainability of the system of environmental impact assessments and strategic 19,547 0 environmental assessments Development, introduction and Easy access to information and materials re- continuous updating of the environ- Con- lating to environmental impact assessments Arhus Convention, EIA 5.2.1 mental impact assessment (EIA) and 50% MOE tinuous 2010 1969 0 and strategic environmental assessments is Directive, SEA Directive strategic environmental assessment process ensured for the public at large. (SEA) register system Improvement of the organisation and efficiency of operation of the system Supervision of, and methodological materials of environmental impact assess- for, high-quality and economically unbiased Con- 5.2.2 ments and strategic environmental 60% environmental impact assessments and EIA Directive, SEA Directive MOE tinuous 2007 9854 0 assessments (financing of the work strategic environmental assessments are process of experts, supervision, analysis of ensured. practice, etc.) Training of persons conducting and Persons conducting and commissioning Con- commissioning environmental impact environmental impact assessments and 5.2.3 60% EIA Directive, SEA Directive MOE tinuous 2005 3090 0 assessments and strategic environ- strategic environmental assessment are process mental assessments knowledgeable. Ministries, county gov- Conduct of environmental impact as- Environmental impact is taken into account Con- ernments, 5.2.4 sessments and strategic environmen- 70% before any decisions affecting the environ- EIA Directive, SEA Directive tinuous 4634 other local tal assessments ment are taken. process govern- ments

5.3 Development of innovation in the sphere of environmental technologies 35,113 19,813 Decisions leading to the 2008 Environmental Engineering Innovation Lisbon process, SE 21, (pre- Policy (EEI) 2007-2013; formulation Environmental Strategy, liminary 5.3.1 of the strategy and tactics; surveys of 60% Surveys carried out. MOE 3 122 0 Knowledge-based Estonia, work impact on the environment and social 96/61/EC, 2002/1600/EC started sphere and 38/2004/COM in 2006) Assessment (surveys) of the feasibil- 2002/1600/EC and 5.3.2 ity of the perspective priorities and 70% Surveys carried out. MOE 2 2007 581 0 38/2004/COM concepts of the EEI Marketing analysis of the feasible concepts of the EEI and legal analysis 2002/1600/EC and 5.3.3 30% Surveys carried out. MOE 2 2007 603 0 of environmentally sustainable public 38/2004/COM procurements 1; continu- Analysis of the results of surveys, as- Inputs to the roadmap of the Environmental ous dis- 2002/1600/EC and 5.3.4 sessment of the feasibility of propos- 50% Technologies Action Plan (ETAP) exist and MOE semination 2008 605 0 38/2004/COM als, dissemination of information have been made public. of informa- tion 38 Activities To Be Carried Out Under The Estonian Environmental Action Plan 2007-2013 Line of action in Connection with Cost of activ- Incl. investment Duration Starting year Responsible other strategic the Environmen- ity in 2007-2013 Priority documents, inter- No. tal Strategy and Outcome pursued (indicators) of implementa- (adjusted) EEK entities the name of the national agree- (adjusted) EEK tion (a) thousand ments, directives, activity etc. thousand MOE, MOEAC, MORE, Roadmap Preparation and continuous updating other 2007 The ETAP roadmap has been prepared and is 2002/1600/EC and – 2 years; 5.3.5 of the environmental engineering 70% ministries, (started 515 0 updated on an annual basis. 38/2004/COM updating roadmap (ETAP roadmap) universities, in 2006) – annually companies, consultants, developers Carrying out pilot projects, if neces- Number of feasible technologies. Annual Con- sary – establishment of a separate 2002/1600/EC and MOE, com- 2006- 5.3.6 50% reports prepared and submitted to the Euro- tinuous 24,484 19,334 institution and network, supervision 38/2004/COM panies 2013 pean Commission. process and reporting Achieving sustainable use of resources and reduction of polluting emissions in large-scale production by way An absolute decrease of pollution loads Directives 96/61/EC, Con- of introducing the best available MOE, com- 5.3.7 80% created by companies (indicators of environ- 2003/87/EC, 2003/35/EC, tinuous 2001 8203 479 techniques, incl. in the form of soft panies mental statistics) 2002/1600/EC process measures, analysis of results, dissemi- nation of best practices, reporting every three years

5.4 Development of monitoring mechanisms 5551 0 Development of the system of envi- The availability of comprehensive informa- 5.4.1 ronmental indicators, elaboration of 50% tion necessary for improvement of knowl- MOE 4 2008 5551 0 new indicators edge-based decision processes Setting up the system of environmentally sustainable public procurements and implementation 5.5 4422 0 of the system in the public sector Improvement of management in the implementation of the principles of sustainable consumption in the public sector and environmentally Environmental and social requirements, MOE, MOF, sustainable public procurements, measurable assessment criteria, product EU Directives 2004/17/EC MOEAC, 5.5.1 incl. introduction to stakeholders 60% catalogues and other tools of environmen- 3 2006 258 0 and 2004/18/EC MOSA, and public at large, identification of tally sustainable public procurements are MOIA top-priority product groups, establish- applied to public procurements. ment of guidelines for taking into account environmental and social requirements Harmonisation of the administrative MOE, MOF, and analytic capacity used in environ- Public sector entities have sufficient admin- EU Directives 2004/17/EC MOEAC, 5.5.2 mentally sustainable public procure- 50% istrative capacity for using the tools of public 3 2007 2935 0 and 2004/18/EC MOSA, ments with the needs of sustainable procurements. MOIA development The public at large and stakeholders are Ensuring the availability of environ- aware of the principles of sustainable MOE, MOF, mental and social information con- purchasing and consumption, and envi- EU Directives 2004/17/EC 5.5.3 60% OEAC, 3 2007 88 0 cerning sustainable purchasing and ronmental associations are able to use the and 2004/18/EC MOIA consumption in to society of Estonia opportunities offered by the portal of public procurements. Expansion of the market of environ- The entrepreneurial sector has been made mentally sustainable products by pro- aware of the need to promote environmen- MOE, MOF, moting environmental engineering EU Directives 2004/17/EC 5.5.4 70% tally sustainable product development, MOEAC, 3 2007 989 0 innovation and sustainable product and 2004/18/EC top-priority product groups are represented MOIA, MOA development which contribute to the by a sufficient amount of suppliers. competitiveness of companies Improvement of the organisation of reporting on, collection of statistics (incl. environmental and social MOE, MOF, The system of reporting and statistics information) of, and supervision over, EU Directives 2004/17/EC MOEAC, 5.5.5 50% complies with the terms and conditions 3 2007 152 0 consumption and public procure- and 2004/18/EC MOSA, established by the European Commission. ments arranged in the public sector, MOA incl. updating the register of public procurements 39 6. INDICATORS FOR THE OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN 2007-20132

6.1. Sustainable use of natural resources and reduction of waste generation

6.1.1 Waste Objective: By 2030 waste sent to landfills will have decreased by 30% and the harmfulness of waste generated will have been reduced significantly. Indicators: Indicators produced for the time being: · The relative share of separately collected municipal waste in collected municipal waste ↑. Base level: 11%; target level: 30%. · Generation of hazardous waste ↓. Base level: 7029 thousand tons per year; target level: 6300 thousand tons per year. · The relative share of recovered waste among all the generated waste, for the following materials: glass, plastics, paper ↑. Base level: 53%, 36%, 45%; target level: 60%, 40%, 50%. · The ratio of produced energy to waste generated in the energy industry ↑. Base level: 599.1 Toe/kg; target level: 540 Toe/kg. · Landfilled municipal waste per inhabitant ↓. Base level: 283 kg per inhabitant per year; target level: 230 kg/ per inhabitant per year.

6.1.2 Water Objective: To achieve good condition of surface water (incl. coastal water) and groundwater, and to maintain the bodies of water whose condition is good or very good. Indicators: Indicators produced for the time being: · The number of wells and springs in which the levels of detected pesticides, nitrates and other hazardous substances exceeds the effective norms (per individual substance) ↓. Base level data are available starting from 2007. · The content of organic pollutants in effluent ↔↓. Base level: 1399 BOD tons per year; target level: 1399 BOD tons per year. (As the sewerage infrastructure has not been sufficiently developed yet, the pollution collected in the course of construction of new pipes will actually increase. Therefore, the target is to maintain the current pollution load.)

6.1.3 Mineral resources Objective: Environmentally sustainable extraction of mineral resources which is sustainable in terms of water, landscapes and air, and efficient exploitation of mineral resources with minimum losses and waste. Indicators: Indicators produced for the time being (the target levels will be specified after the formulation of the National Development Plan for Extraction and Utilisation of Oil Shale and the National Development Plan for Extraction and Utilisation of Mineral Resources Used in Construction Industry): · Mineral resources extraction volume ↔↓: Oil shale, base level: 11,310 thousand tons Limestone and dolomite, base level: 5760 thousand m3 Gravel and sand, base level: 3281 thousand m3 Clay, base level: 189 thousand m3 Peat, base level: 1074 thousand tons 2 Explanations of the signs indicating the direction of indicators: ↑ – a greater amount, relative share, etc., compared to now; ↓ – a smaller amount, relative share, etc., compared to now; ↔ – pres- ervation of the current level; ↑↔ or ↓↔ – at first a greater or smaller amount, relative share, etc., compared to now, and preservation of the achieved level later. The names, definitions and units of measurement are available on the website of the Ministry of the Environment at www.envir.ee. Data for 2005 are used as the base level. 40 Indicators For The Objectives Of The Environmental Strategy

6.1.4 Forest Objective: Balanced satisfaction of ecological, social, cultural and economic needs in the course of utilisation of forests in a very long perspective (longer than the period of 25 years discussed in the Strategy). Indicators3: To measure the attainment of the objective, a system of balanced indicators could be used which is based on the Improved Pan-Eu- ropean Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management, 2002, and which covers both quantitative and qualitative indicators (the main indicators comprise the amount of forest resources, the viability of forest ecosystems, forest products, biodiversity in forests, manage- ment of forests, socioeconomic functions of forests, forest policy, and forest institutions and measures). Main indicators: · Forest area, ha ↔. Base level: 2,264,000; target level: 2,300,000 · Growing stock, m3 ↑↔. Base level: 454,461,000; target level: 460,000,000 · Felling volume, m3 ↑↔. Base level: 7,012,000; target level: 10,500,000 · Relative share of felling in annual increment of timber (%) ↑↔. Base level: 60; target level: 87 · Growing stock, m3/ha ↔. Base level: 213; target level: 215 · Area of forests protected as key biotopes, ha ↑. Base level: 11,400; target level: 14,000 · Area of protected forests and protection forests, ha ↑↔. Base level: 694,000; target level: 720,000 · Area of primeval forests, ha ↔. Base level: 575; target level: 750 · Costs incurred for recreation purposes in state forests, EEK ↑. Base level: EEK 25.8 million; target level: EEK 38 million

6.1.5 Fish Objective: To ensure good condition of fish populations and diversity of fish species and avoid the indirect negative impact of fishing on the ecosystem. Indicators: Indicators produced for the time being: · Fishing (the quantity of fish caught, in tons) ↓. Base level: 98,700 tons of fresh fish; target level: 98,000 tons of fresh fish

6.1.6 Game Objective: To ensure the diversity of wild game and other game and the viability of populations. Indicators: Indicators produced for the time being: · The ratio of counted and hunted wild game by species ↑ Wolf – base level: 4.7; target level: 1.5 Lynx – base level: 8.1; target level: 4.0 Beaver – base level: 3.0; target level: 2.3 Roe deer – base level: 5.4; target level: 2.3 Wild boar – base level: 1.5; target level: 0.5 Red deer – base level: 13.1; target level: 2.3 Elk – base level: 2.0; target level: 2.3

6.1.7 Soil and utilisation of land Objective: Environmentally sustainable utilisation of soil. There are no measurable indicators at the time. Objective: Functionality and sustainable utilisation of natural and cultivated landscapes. Indicators: Current indicators: · The relative share of cultivated heritage landscapes among all cultivated land ↑, data available from 2007 · The relative share of land used for organic farming among all agricultural land ↑, base level: 7.1% · The area and relative share of quarries (sand pits, oil shale quarries, clay quarries, stone pits, etc.) ↓, data available from 2007 3 The Ministry of the Environment will develop the system of indicators for Estonia in 2006, being based on the pan-European indicators and specifying the criteria appropriate to Estonia. All indica- tors will have to be complied with. Indicators For The Objectives Of The Environmental Strategy 41

6.2. Preservation of the diversity of landscapes and biodiversity

6.2.1 Landscapes Objective: Preservation of multifunctional and coherent landscapes. Indicators: Indicators produced for the time being: · The area and relative share of semi-natural biotic communities in the aggregate territory of Estonia (%) ↑; base level: 20,000 ha; target level: 30,000 ha · The area of conservation areas (ha) ↔↑, base level: 1,389,677, target level: 1,500,000 ha · Built-up areas and their relative share in the aggregate mainland area (%) ↓, base level: 1.1% (data of 1993 originating from the last yearbook of the Land Cadastre, need to be reviewed); target level: maximum 1.5% · The area of swamps and other peat lands and their relative share in the aggregate mainland area (%) ↔, base level: 22.0%; target level: 22% (to preserve the current level) · The relative share of land not used for agricultural purposes in the aggregate mainland area (%) ↓, base level: 5.5%, target level: 4.5% (recovery of abandoned areas by promotion of extensive agriculture).

6.2.2 Biodiversity Objective: To ensure the existence of habitats and biotic communities necessary for the preservation of viable populations of species. Indicators: Indicators produced for the time being: · The relative share of the area of threatened habitat types (Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, Annex I) in the territory of Estonia (%) ↑ · Trends (changes in number) of populations of protected species of the first category ↔. Base level: slight increase; target level: preservation of the stability of the current trend • The relative share of areas regarding which protective restrictions have been established in the territory of Estonia4 (%) ↔↑. Base level: 18%; target level: 18% · State resources allocated to nature conservation (% of GDP) ↑. Base level: EEK 2.8 billion; target level: EEK 4.5 billion.

6.3. Climate change mitigation and quality of ambient air

6.3.1 Energy production Objective: To produce energy in an amount that meets the consumption needs in Estonia and to develop diverse and sustainable pro- duction technologies based on different sources of energy, which do not impose a significant burden on the environment and which enable electricity to be produced for export. Indicators5: Indicators produced for the time being: • The amount of greenhouse gases emitted in the course of energy production (absolute value) ↔ – the absolute value of greenhouse gas emissions remains on the level of the year 2005.6 CO2 Base level: 18,532 thousand tons CH4 Base level: 35 thousand tons N2O Base level: 0.14 thousand tons · Emissions of air pollutants (SO2, NOX, PMX, VOC, heavy metals) in the course of energy production – the amounts of emissions are reduced at least to a level that conforms to EU requirements (tons per year) ↓ SO2 Base level: 75,696; target level: 47,775 by 2015 NOx Base level: 43,383; target level: 28,693 by 2015 VOC Base level: 35,484; target level: 24,008 by 2015 4 EELIS (Estonian Nature Information System – Environmental Register): Estonian Environment Information Centre 5 The selection of indicators is based on the internationally acknowledged indicators of sustainable development of energy which have been formulated and accepted both in the EU and on the international level. 6 In principle, emissions of other pollutants can also be expressed through the same value. 42 Indicators For The Objectives Of The Environmental Strategy · The relative share of various fuel types in energy (incl. electricity) production (%): – by 2015 the relative share of oil shale in the production of electricity amounts to less than 90% – by 2015 the relative share of electricity produced on the basis of renewable energy sources and consumed in Estonia will increase to at least 8% – by 2020 the relative share of electricity produced in combined heat and power plants and consumed in Estonia will in- crease to at least 20% Base levels in energy production: Oil shale 80.1 Peat 2.2 Firewood 7.3 Wood waste, wood bricks and pellets 10.1 Biogas 0.1 Hydro and wind power 0.2 Base levels in the production of electricity: Oil shale 91.1 Peat 0.1 Oil shale 0.3 Natural gas 5.4 Oil shale gas 2.1 Renewable sources 0.2 Hydro power 0.3 Wind power 0.5

6.3.2 Energy consumption Objective: To slow down and stabilise the consumption of energy, while ensuring that the needs of people are met, i.e. to ensure the preservation of the volume of primary energy while consumption grows. Indicators7: Indicators produced for the time being: · Intensity of energy consumption (thousand toe/EEK million) ↓, base level: 0.03 thousand toe/EEK million · Fuel prices (EEK/ton or EEK/m3) ↔ Base levels: Coal EEK 939/ton Oil shale EEK 127/ton Sod peat EEK 365/ton Peat bricks EEK 1350/ton Oil shale EEK 2761/ton Heavy fuel oil EEK 3384/ton Light fuel oil EEK 6345/ton Diesel fuel EEK 10,017/ton Motor spirit EEK 12,337/ton Firewood EEK 258/ton Wood chips and wood waste EEK 145/ton · Prices of electricity (EEK/MWh) ↔, base level: EEK 765/MWh · Energy consumption per unit of GDP (considering the purchasing power parity) – primary energy consumption volume will remain at the level of the year 2003 until 2010. Base level of 2003 and target level: 20.0 TJ per PPP8.

6.3.3 Protection of the ozone layer Objective: Phase out of artificial substances used in industry and households which deplete the ozone layer. Indicators: · Estonia complies with all obligations assumed with regard to the use, import and export of fluorinated substances which deplete the ozone layer by the designated deadline. 7 The selection of indicators is based on the internationally acknowledged indicators of sustainable development of energy which have been formulated and accepted both in the EU and on the international level. 8 PPP – purchasing power parity. Indicators For The Objectives Of The Environmental Strategy 43

6.3.4 Transport Objective: To develop an efficient, environmentally sustainable and comfortable public transport system, ensure safe soft traffic (render alternatives of using motor vehicles more comfortable) and develop a settlement and production structure that reduces inevi- table commuting traffic and road transport (i.e. to reduce the need for transportation). Indicators9: Indicators produced for the time being: · Emissions of CO, NOx, PM10, SOx from transport vehicles ↓ (in thousands of tons); target levels by 2015: CO Base level: 48.6; no target level NOx Base level: 18.13; target level: 18.5 PM10 Base level: 1.46; target level: 1.37 SOx Base level: 1.41; target level 0.42 · Emissions of greenhouse gases (thousands of CO2 equivalent tons)↓. Base level: 2157; target level: 2000 · Relative share of empty journeys of vehicles in overall transportation (%) ↓. Base level: 21%, target level: 19% · Passenger turnover of public transport (million passenger kilometres) ↑. Base levels: Buses (incl. urban transport): 2716 passenger kilometres, target level: 3000 Airplanes: 1106 passenger kilometres, target level: 1250 Trains 248 passenger kilometres, target level: 260 Sea-going vessels: 541 passenger kilometres, target level: 560 · Freight traffic turnover ↓ Base levels: Road transport: 7641 million ton-kilometres, target level: 7500 Rail transport: 10,639 million ton-kilometres, target level: 10,500 Sea transport: 1218 million ton-kilometres, target level: 1200 Air transport: 4 million ton-kilometres, target level: 3.9 · Use of fossil fuels in transport (kg of oil equivalent per inhabitant) ↓. Base level: 387.7, target level: 380 · The relative share of cars older than ten years in the aggregate number of registered passenger cars (%) ↓. Base level: 68.7, target level: 62 · The relative share of population whose nearest public transport stop is farther away than 0.5-1 km (%) ↓. Base level: 10%, target level: 15% · The relative share of the employed who go to work by foot or use a bicycle to go to work (%) ↑. Base level: 27.2, target level: 32 · The relative share of the employed who use public transport to go to work (%) ↑. Base level: 29.9, target level: 35 · The relative share of the employed who use a personal car or a business car to go to work (%) ↑. Base level: 39.5, target level: 35

6.4. The environment, health and quality of life

6.4.1 Outdoor environment Objective: Outdoor environment that spares and supports health. Indicators: Indicators used for the time being: · Investments placed in the reduction of noise levels (EEK or % of GDP or per inhabitant) ↑. Base level: EEK 2192 thousand, target level: 2500 (according to prices prevailing in 2006) · Air pollution (the average number of days in urban regions on which the concentrations of ozone, particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide exceed the permitted level) ↓. Base levels (average of four measuring points): PM10 Base level: 16, target level: 14 O3 Base level: 1.8; target level: 1.5 NOx Base level: 0; target level: 0 SO2 Base level: 0; target level: 0 · Rate of deaths caused by respiratory diseases (deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) ↓. Base level: 35.1 · Rate of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases (deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) ↓. Base level: 685.7 · Number of motorcars per thousand inhabitants (by counties) 365 ↓. 9 The selection of indicators is based, first of all, on the relevant EEA TERM indicators towards which Estonia needs to develop its transport-related and environmental reporting. 44 Indicators For The Objectives Of The Environmental Strategy

6.4.2 Interior space Objective: Safe interior space that advances the preservation of health. Indicators Indicators to be developed: · Excess of the limit values established in the standard of indoor radon levels in areas exposed to radon (%) ↓ · Concentrations of radon in interior space do not exceed the recommended values established in various guidelines. · Indoor climate conforms to indoor climate standards or norms established by legislation: the number of apartments or insti- tutions that fail to conform to standards in relation to the general number of investigated apartments or institutions.

6.4.3 Food Objective: The content of pollutants in the food chain which originate from the environment does not harm human health. Indicators10: Indicators used for the time being: · Non-conformity of food samples to norms (%) ↓, data available from 2007 · Content of certain pollutants in food (%) ↓, data available from 2007

6.4.4 Drinking and bathing water Objective: Drinking and bathing water does not harm human health. Indicators: Indicators used for the time being: · The percentage of the population covered by water supply network (%) ↑. Base level: 72; target level in cities: 82, in rural areas: 65 · The percentage of factors that negatively influence the quality of bathing water in all samples taken (the percentage of sam- ples in which chemicals, microbiological and other indicators exceed the relevant limit values in all samples taken) (%) ↓, base level: 2.8, target level: 2 · The number of outbreaks of illnesses due to the contamination of water ↔. Base level: 0; target level: 0 · The relative share of population provided with drinking water that conforms to requirements (% of population) ↑. Base level 2005: Non-conformity as to microbiological indicators (%) – base level: 0.01; target level: 0.001 Non-conformity as to chemical indicators (%) – base level: 2; target level: 0.2 Non-conformity as to other indicators (%) – base level: 29; target level: 10

6.4.5 Disused hazardous sites Objective: All currently known disused hazardous sites will be eliminated by 2030. Indicators: · The number of eliminated disused hazardous sites ↑, base level: 75 sites; target level: 43 sites.

6.4.6 Safety and protection of the population Objective: To ensure the safety and protection of people against risks jeopardising their security. Marine pollution: · Sufficient frequency of distant sensory monitoring for detection of pollution in areas characterised by intensive shipping traf- fic (temporary coverage of marine areas, % of year). Sufficient capacity of pollution sweeping in a marine area of 4.5 m2 within 24 hours (% of the minimum recommendations of HELCOM). Disasters on land: · Sufficient capacity of elimination of floods and storm damage (the capacity of responding simultaneously, % of counties). Sufficient capacity of localisation and elimination of large fires (% of immediate readiness to eliminate fire in the area of up to 50 ha). Sufficient capacity of reacting to industrial and transport fires, chemical and radiation accidents on the level of regions (% of the provision with equipment of Rescue Board units). Development of a logistic supply necessary for elimination of disasters on the level of regions (% of necessary structures). Indicators: Current indicators: Average wait-time upon receipt of emergency notices at 112 (seconds) ↔↓ Base level: 10 10 Systemic base data are missing at the moment. 45 7. MONITORING AND UPDATING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN AND TAKING MONITORING RESULTS INTO ACCOUNT IN UPDATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY

7.1. Monitoring period The Environmental Action Plan (hereinafter “EAP”) has been prepared for the years 2007-2013. During that period, thorough monitor- ing must be carried out twice – in 2010 (the monitoring period 2007-2009) and in 2013 (the monitoring period 2010-2012), i.e. every 3 years. The second monitoring report must be prepared by 1 March 2013 at the latest, as the data contained in that report need to be used in the process of updating the EAP. The period of monitoring the implementation of the EAP is related to the period of updating the Environmental Strategy (hereinafter “ES”), which is 7 years (to use the data, the monitoring must have been carried out with regard to the previous six years). Reports on carrying out the activities specified in the EAP will be submitted annually for each year.

7.2. Persons carrying out monitoring Monitoring will be carried out by ministries specified as entities responsible for the implementation of the activities set out in the EAP. The ministries will submit monitoring reports to the Ministry of the Environment by 1 March of the year of monitoring. Being based on the reports submitted by the ministries, the Ministry of the Environment will compile a summary report which will be submitted to the Government of the Republic by 1 June of the year of the monitoring at the latest. The responsible ministries will submit annual reports on activities carried out to the Ministry of the Environment by 1 March of the year that follows the reporting year. Being based on these reports, the Ministry of the Environment will compile a summary report and submit it to the Government of the Republic by 15 June. A separate report on activities need not be submitted in the year that thorough monitoring is carried out.

7.3. Content of monitoring Three aspects need to be kept in mind when carrying out monitoring: · The efficiency of the activities specified in the Environmental Action Plan · The social, economic and environmental effects of the activities · Progress made in accomplishing the objectives of the Environmental Strategy The following questions must be answered in the course of monitoring: 1) Are the circumstances and trends in consideration of which the objectives and lines of action of the ES and the activities of the EAP were planned still an issue? · The assessment is based on a comparison of the main problems and trends specified in the ES with the essential prob- lems and trends prevailing at the time of monitoring (also taking into account the most important trends and key ele- ments of the currently prevailing scenario). 2) Has progress been made in attaining the objectives established in the ES? Are there any objectives that could not be pur- sued? If yes, what have been the hindrances? · The assessment is based on the objectives established in the ES and the corresponding indicators (targeted develop- ment trends). 3) Have the results envisaged for the activities set out in the EAP been achieved or has progress been made in achieving these results? (The assessment will be made annually as a separate report, and once every three years as a component of integrated monitoring.) 46 Monitoring And Updating Of The Environmental Action Plan · The assessment is based on the pursued outcome specified in the tables of the EAP. 4) How have activities specified in the EAP influenced the social, economic and natural environment? Have the activities en- tailed any sudden and unwelcome consequences (side effects)? What were the activities that have had a significant impact? · The assessment is based on the pursued outcome specified in the tables of the EAP. 5) What are the socio-economic and environmental effects of lines of action (i.e. sets of activities)? Were these effects rightly predicted? · To make the assessment, the actual overall effect of the activities specified under a line of action in the EAP should be compared with the presumed impact of the line of action as set out in the additional table of the EAP titled “Socio-eco- nomic impact.” 6) Have the selected activities been appropriate to the accomplishment of the objectives of the ES? · An overall assessment of the compatibility of the activities is made on the basis of the analysis of answers given under items 1-4 above. 7) Considering the changed situation, the new trends, the compatibility, relevance and impact of activities, should the activities specified in the EAP and/or the objectives established in the ES (or indicators) be altered? · In consideration of all of the foregoing analysis, proposals should be made regarding the alteration of activities, removal of activities from the EAP or adding new activities.

7.4. Adjustment of the Environmental Action Plan and the Environmental Strategy on the basis of monitoring results The EAP will be adjusted in 2013 on the basis of monitoring results. In dependence of the extent of the amendments to be introduced to the EAP, two courses of action can be pursued at the end of the first monitoring period (in 2010): 1) If less than one-third of the activities specified in the EAP need to be altered, the Ministry of the Environment will introduce the amendments to the EAP on the proposals of the ministries responsible for carrying out the activities. 2) If more than one-third of the activities specified in the EAP need to be altered, working groups will be formed on the initiative of the Ministry of the Environment which consist of specialists of the areas of activity that need to be adjusted. The working groups will elaborate proposals of amendments and introduce the amendments to the EAP. In such a case, the Government of the Republic will approve the amended EAP. Through the monitoring of the EAP, accomplishment of the objectives established in the ES will be monitored, as well. In the case that the monitoring results reveal a need to alter any lines of action or objectives of the ES, working groups will be formed on the initiative of the Ministry of the Environment which consist of specialists of the areas of activity that need to be adjusted. The working groups will elaborate proposals of amendments and introduce the amendments to the ES. The Parliament will approve the amendments of the ES. 47 8. ABBREVIATIONS USED EE Eesti Energia ACMP Association of Construction Material Producers of Estonia GSE Geological Survey of Estonia EMS Estonian Mining Society EPS Estonian Peat Society MORE Ministry of Research and Education EIC Environment Information Centre (of the Ministry of the Environment) EI Environmental Inspectorate MOE Ministry of the Environment CET County Environmental Department LG Local government(s) ERC Environmental Research Centre MOC Ministry of Culture NCC (State) Nature Conservation Centre MOEAC Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications CFPS Centre of Forest Protection and Silviculture CG County Government NPP Narva Power Plants MOA Ministry of Agriculture ARC Agricultural Research Centre MOF Ministry of Finance SFMC State Forest Management Centre MOIA Ministry of Internal Affairs MOSA Ministry of Social Affairs NIHD National Institute for Health Development LI Labour Inspectorate HI Health Institute HPI Health Protection Inspectorate TUT Tallinn University of Technology UT University of Tartu UT MI Marine Institute of the University of Tartu VFB Veterinary and Food Board VFL Veterinary and Food Laboratory 48 9. List of members of working groups for EAP 2007-2013 Working group 1: The environment, health and quality of life Juhan Ruut State Agency of Medicines Triin Rand Saue Rural Municipality Annika Soa Ministry of Social Affairs Merle Looring Häädemeeste Rural Municipality Government Ants Tammepuu Sole proprietor Tuuli Tang Ministry of Internal Affairs Siret Tappo Ministry of Agriculture Ööle Janson Ministry of Social Affairs Jaak Järvekülg Hendrikson & Ko Marit Seepõld Tallinn University of Technology Kadri Auväärt AS Kobras Ilmar Peeter Part Estonian Green Movement Tõnu Paasoja Tartu County Rescue Service Urmas Uri AS Kobras Working group 2: Preservation of the diversity of landscapes and biodiversity Henn Pärnamets Ministry of the Environment Jaak Tambets Nature Conservation Centre, non-profit association Toomas Kokovkin Research Centre Archipelago, non-profit association Tõnu Oja Institute of Geography of the University of Tartu Marek Sammul Institute of Zoology and Botany of the University of Tartu Kalev Sepp Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Working group 3: Sustainable use of natural resources and reduction of waste generation Evelin Urbel-Piirsalu SEI Tallinn Centre Andres Onemar State Forest Management Centre (SFMC) Endla Reintam Estonian University of Life Sciences Enno Reinsalu Tallinn University of Technology Karin Kroon Ministry of the Environment Taavi Nuum Estonian Green Movement Ene Kadastik Ministry of Research and Education Indrek Tamm AS Maves Robert Kiviselg Ministry of the Environment Kalev Sepp Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Working group 4: Climate change mitigation and quality of ambient air Tõnis Meriste AS Eesti Energia Mari Jüssi SEI Tallinn Centre Madis Laaniste Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications Ando Leppiman Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications Arvo Tordik AS Narva Elektrijaamad Tiit Kallaste SEI Tallinn Centre Reigo Lehtla AS Eesti Energia Jüri Teder AS Entec Working group 5: Environmental management Heikki Kalle Hendrikson & Ko Ruuta Ruttas-Küttim Public Administration Development Centre, non-profit association Maila Kuusik Ministry of Internal Affairs Kuido Kartau Sole proprietor, environmental expert Joel Valge AS Alara Kaarel Relve University of Tartu Andres Onemar State Forest Management Centre Experts Marge Simo Audacon Eesti OÜ, financial expert Merle Sagar-Wilkinson Sole proprietor, financial expert