Implementation Plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Pollutants - Amendments under Conference Decisions IV, V and VI

adopted at the IV, V and VI Conferences of the Parties to the Convention, respectively in 2009, 2011 and 2013 and materials of several international organizations. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON PERSISTENT POLLUTANTS. In order to find out how many products contain these substances, an inventory was made, which Table 1 lists the subjects discussed in the implementation program update. SC-4/12 survey of companies. 1. INTRODUCTION The implementation plan provides an overview of new POS, their possible sources, use and on the basis of, in addition, samples collected from the Pääsküla and Aardla landfills were examined for landfill leachate SC-5/3 possible uses beta-hexachloro cyclohexane (ß-HCH) (PeCB) 608-93-5 contained in products containing PCBs, also used as a fungicide, flame retardant, pesticide with decisions SC-4/10, 4/11, 4/12, 4,/13, 4/14, 4/15, 4/16, 4/17, 4/18, 5/3 and 6/13 Convention Previous studies of new POS in Estonian waters have been added to the list described in the implementation plan CAS no 319-85-7 Scientific literature was used to compile an overview of new chemicals and their possible sources The supplement to the implementation program of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants includes chemical 115-29-7 pesticide, also used to make lindane AMENDMENT UNDER CONFERENCE DECISIONS IV, V AND VI SC-4/10 as a result, the main areas of activity and product groups where these substances can be found were marked and organized Table 1. Subjects discussed in the implementation program update pesticide for control of ants, cockroaches, tobacco bugs and banana root pests in paint powder, occurs as an intermediate product of the chemical industry based on from being found and in the analyzes of surface and ground water, landfill leachate and food. no pentachlorobenzene SC-4/16 319-84-6 new persistent organic pollutants (hereinafter POS) listed in the appendices and products containing them. SC-4/11 analysis of the results of national monitoring, hazardous substance studies and COHIBA and BaltActHaz projects 143-50-9 of the decision to add to the Convention endosulfan alpha-hexachloro cyclohexane, (ÿ-HCH) pesticide, also used to make lindane chlordecone Machine Translated by Google hexabromobiphenyl, SC-4/18 36355-01-8 SC-4/13 lindane (ÿ-HCH) 22-7; 207122-16-5 1,2,5,6,9,10 SC-4/15 in polyurethane foam, electronic devices, textile materials (BDE) 68631-49-2; 207122-15 2. OVERVIEW OF PERMANENTS HANDLED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN coating of metals and semiconductors, fire extinguishing foams, electrical and electronic equipment, photographic displays, hydraulic fluids, LCD screens, textile materials, paper and cardboard Chlordecone is no longer produced or used in the world. Based on the risk profile of chlordecone, there is for storage. Endosulfan is a pesticide against insects and mites belonging to the group of organochlorine compounds OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (HBB) octabromodiphenyl ether 1763-23-1; 307-35-7 , In ABS plastics, synthetic textile materials, thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefins used as a medicine, in the treatment of seeds and wood salts, perfluorooctanesulfonyl as a flame retardant more than 50 mg/kg POSs, including chlordecone, handle so that the content of POSs 58-89-9 The management of chlordecone waste and residues is regulated at the level of the European Union In ABS plastics, varnishes and coating materials, polyurethane foam, as a flame retardant SC-4/19 hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) 4; 446255 40088-47-9; 32534-81-9 impregnation and coating it has been used in various parts of the world to kill and control various pests is destroyed. pentabromodiphenyl ether 2.2 Endosulfan (BDE) SC-4/17perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) its 3194-55-6 SC-6/13 2.1 Chlordecone By Parliament and Council Regulation No. 850/2004, according to which all waste containing fluoride (PFOS-F) Machine Translated by Google by Directive 91/414/EEC for not including it in Annex I and containing the active ingredient in question a draft risk profile for endosulfan, according to which global action is being taken to ban the chemical for destruction mainly in the cultivation of tea, coffee, cotton, fruits rice and vegetables. Endosulfan United Nations Environment Program (Pesticide Action Network (PAN) as a chemical. Technical HCH is used as an insecticide or lindane (gamma-HCH, i.e. enriched Beta-HCH is one of five stable isomers of the technical organochlorine pesticide HCH. Endosulfan is defined as a priority hazardous substance. European Union member states have In October 2009, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants was adopted Endosulfan is also stipulated as a persistent toxic substance in the convention on long-range transboundary air pollution 2.3 Alpha-hexachloro-cyclohexane (ÿ-HCH) and from contaminated areas. ~1-2% epsilon-HCH and ~1-2% other components. 2.5 Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) on the cancellation of permits for plant protection products. By 2012, the use of the chemical has been banned for 80 years justified because endosulfan is highly volatile in the environment and harmful to humans and the environment in the case of improper disposal of residues from lindane purification. Against the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee (POPRC) . the use of endosulfan as a plant protection agent has been prohibited since June 2007 by the Council Alpha-HCH is one of the five stable isomers of the technical HCH used in agriculture as an organochlorine pesticide. it still enters the environment during the production of lindane and from hazardous waste storage sites and landfills is a highly toxic chemical to most organisms. International, 30 June 2008)) in the lists. HCH) in production. There is no official information on the production of technical HCH, although the production of lindane After nearly 40 years of worldwide use of technical HCH, it was phased out Alpha-HCH is produced as an intermediate or by-product in the production of technical HCH and is not handled separately (Convention of Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP)) and the United Nations 2.4 Beta-hexachloro-cyclohexane (ß-HCH) in the country. dangerous chemical. Technical HCH is synthesized from benzene and contains 65-70% alpha-HCH, 7-10% beta HCH, 14-15% gamma-HCH (lindane), ~7% delta-HCH , is still happening in certain countries. replace with lindane. After 2000, there is no information on the significant use of technical HCH, although PeCB has been used to reduce the viscosity of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) products, in the composition of dyes, as a fungicide, in flame retardants, as an intermediate chemical in the production of quintocene (soil fungicide), in the importation and distribution of quintocene. Any use of it outside the production process has been prohibited in Estonia since 1999. Alpha-HCH is a by-product in the production of lindane and enters the environment when using technical HCH and Machine Translated by Google in households, as well as in sewage sludge. PeCB was one of the components of a mixture of chlorobenzenes, damage several tissues. The results of animal studies show that PeCB can have PeCB is also produced as a by-product in industrial and combustion processes and also occurs as an additive in solvents and pesticides. In Estonia, all equipment containing PCBs has been dismantled. • in wood processing – PeCBs are found as an additive in pentachlorophenols used in wood processing, PeCBs have also been used in the processing of railway sleepers, building materials, piles and posts. PeCB is emitted into air, water and soil during wood processing, as well as processed wood 2.6 Lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, ÿ-HCH) The most important sources of PeCBs are thermal processes where PeCBs are generated unintentionally, e.g of the amount of fuels used for production. capacitors, transformers, etc. Since the 1980s, PCBs have been used in electrical equipment • burning of household waste – PeCB is produced by burning all chlorine-containing materials; only India and probably Russia. • from pulp and paper production, iron and steel industry and oil refining effluents; Lindane (and also HCH) is included in the list of POS, the use of which has been restricted by the United Nations which was used to reduce the viscosity of PCBs in heat transfer equipment. There are also PeCBs reproductive toxic effects on humans. • when using solvents – PeCBs have been found in perchlorethylene used in dry cleaning Even short-term exposure to PeCBs can affect the central nervous system, long-term exposure can in the metallurgical industry, electricity production, waste incineration plant and waste burning • in metal production – chlorobenzenes are most likely to occur in various forms for use, lindane is produced purposefully even today, since 2007 it has been producing lindane The importance of the use of PeCBs is decreasing due to restrictions on their use and content in products. Estimates of PeCB emissions are calculated based on, for example, energy when using or burning wood. By 2010, the use of PeCB as a wood processing tool was prohibited in the countries of the European Union, but since the service life of the treated wood is approx. Lindane is an odorless white crystalline powder that was used as a fruit and vegetable pesticide, • burning of hazardous waste – PeCBs are produced in larger quantities during burning in uncontrolled conditions, but in smaller quantities when special furnaces are used; significantly reduced, therefore the emission of PeCBs also decreases. As of 2013, there are • from activated sludge generated during wastewater treatment. used by combining with PCBs in dielectric fluids in various electrical devices such as In summary, PeCB can be emitted into the environment: of selenium and carbon tetrachloride; 15 years, then the emission of PeCBs may still occur in EU countries, but it will decrease over the years; for processing seeds in forestry and also in medicine for the treatment of lice and scabies. For medical during metal production, e.g. aluminum degassing, magnesium oxide carbon-chlorination, iron recycling, etc.; Machine Translated by Google Commercial production of PBB began in 1970 and lasted until 1979. Lindane is dangerous for both human health and the natural environment, is toxic to aquatic animals (bioaccumulates in fish) and is long-range due to its high volatility. The use of lindane in Estonia has been prohibited since October 21, 1967, although there is information about its use from a later time as well. In Estonia, lindane has only been used in the treatment of seeds, but products containing at least 99% gamma isomers could be used in the treatment of soil, wood, etc., in addition to the treatment of seeds. There are no known reserves of lindane. In addition, ÿ-HCH has been used in Estonia under the name gammahexane until 1999 (the amount of the active substance used in 1975–1986 was 4.3 tons). Since PBB is not chemically bound to the plastic in the products, but is mixed into it, PBB easily enters the environment. In the publication "Hazardous substances in the Estonian environment" you can find information about the use of lindane as a plant protection agent, in the years 1960-1988 , 8.6 tons of the preparation containing lindane was used (this is the amount of the preparation, not the active substance). In the European Union, the use of PBBs in textile products that come into contact with the skin (clothing, underwear, bedding, etc.) was banned in 1984. The production and distribution of HBB was completely banned in the European Union in 2004 by Regulation 850/2004. Internationally, the handling of the substance is controlled by the Stockholm Convention, to which it was added in 2009. Production and use of HBB is prohibited in most countries. Lindane has been found in surface and waste water as well as in sediments. From the PBB group, three mixtures, hexa-, octa- and decabromobiphenyl, were industrially produced. In both the US and Canada, HBB was the most widely used. It was the main component in the mixtures called Firemaster BP-6 and Firemaster FF-1. The HBB content in these products was up to 68%, and the difference was that Firemaster FF-1 was in ground form and 2% calcium polysilicate was added as an anti-caking agent. Besides HBB, the mixtures also contained 7-27% heptabromobiphenyl. Shampoos and creams for eliminating lice and scabies containing lindane are not sold in the European Union, including Estonia. 2.7 Hexabromobiphenyl (HBB) HBB belongs to the group of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB). Production and use of HBB has been discontinued in most countries. Environmental Committee (United Nations Economic Commission) with the Persistent Organic Pollutants Protocol of the Long Range Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution. PBB's FireMaster product was used as a fire/flame retardant in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) used to make equipment parts such as engine housings, radio and television parts, varnishes and coatings, and automotive interior polyurethane foam. Lindane has a half-life of 2.3-13 days in air, 30-300 days in water, 50 days in sediment, and 2 days in soil. Lindane is stable to air, high temperature and acids, but hydrolyzes at high pH. Lindane degrades very slowly through microbiological processes and is more water soluble and more volatile than other chlorinated organic chemicals. These properties are also the reason why lindane has been found everywhere in the environment - in water, snow, air, soil and sediment, and in areas where it has not been used, such as the Arctic. An estimated 13 tons of lindane are deposited in the Arctic annually. HBB is less volatile compared to other POS. Machine Translated by Google Products where HBB was used have generally been withdrawn from circulation, but emissions may still occur during use. The effect of HBB on health depends on many factors, especially the nature, duration and the source was polyurethane foam containing penta-BDE used in the production of furniture. Modeling and environmental studies have shown that the transfer of penta-BDE in household appliances and other places where laminate printed circuit boards, plastic casings and serious damage to the immune system. PBB has caused cancer in rats, but their during dismantling. Burning products containing penta-BDE can release toxic substances such as Penta-BDE was used as a flame retardant in flexible polyurethane foam for furniture, upholstery and in the gaseous state or dissolved in water to remote areas where penta-BDEs ever • in construction materials: foam fillers, insulation boards, foam insulation, pipes, wall and ceiling panels, sheet plastics, resins (epoxy resins, phenolic resins), etc.; in consumer electronics, • in textiles: in curtains, carpets, tents, blankets, work clothes and protective clothing; • in rubber products: conveyor belts, cover and floor panels; • in furniture: in soft furniture, furniture covers, mattresses, furniture parts that contain foam from landfills to the environment. Penta-BDE is very persistent in marine sediments, where it can persist for over 30 years. Penta-BDE is used or has been used in the following areas: (in phenolic resins) used (used) in household electronics (TVs, radios), for example, brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans. Penta-BDEs are also emitted into the air by products carcinogenicity to humans has not been fully proven. Approximately 100,000 tons of Penta-BDE have been used worldwide since 1970. Its use is in plastic interior design and plastic electronic parts; highly brominated deca-BDEs. of the amount of HBB. They mainly occur in the skin, nervous system, liver, kidneys, thyroid gland and • in oil drilling fluids. Penta-BDE is also released, for example, during the processing of old electronic equipment and cars and buildings to distant areas, there is multiple precipitation and volatilization, dissolved in water and plastic parts (e.g. rigid polyurethane or elastomer bodies); not used, e.g. to the Arctic. in the production of electronic devices. In North America and Western Europe, penta-BDE is predominant • in electronic equipment: in office equipment, • in packages: in packages containing polyurethane foam; In the early 1990s, penta-BDE was used in printed circuit boards in Asia, mostly in FR2 laminate 2.8 Pentabromodiphenyl ether (penta-BDE) In general, penta-BDE binds to other substances in the environment and only a small amount is transferred either in computers, also through animals. • traffic and transport means: in textile parts of cars, trains, planes and ships, filler; Polyurethane foam can contain 10-18% penta-BDE, in recent years penta-BDE is preferred decreased over the years: 8,500 tons in 1999, 7,500 tons in 2001, etc. Machine Translated by Google In a 2003 material flow analysis in Norway, manufacturers have claimed that furniture textiles contain during the useful life or if the products are handled as waste. The release of BDE from products also depends in household appliances (dishwashers and other kitchen appliances), ~60% of textiles were used in Europe after disposal in waste treatment processes. When cutting polyurethane foam, particles of flame retardant fly into the atmosphere, foam left over from cutting Penta-BDE enters the environment the most in filtration waste and scrap material landfills In the UNECE region, penta-BDE is present in textiles and as a flame retardant during its annual lifetime, BDE emissions in the EU are between 585 and 1053 tonnes each year. 20 years ago. During the life cycle of the products, 75% of BDEs are released into the soil from products containing polyurethane, 0.1% penta-BDEs, sale and use on the market is prohibited. Since 2006, penta-BDE emission into the air during the processing of raw materials, it is important to reduce it also during the use of products and Studies have shown that the main sources of human exposure to penta-BDE are dust and food – 2.9 Octabromodiphenyl ether, octa-BDE gradually limited in electrical and electronic equipment. Products that contain excess waste 0.45% penta-BDEs. about the weather and whether the product is worn (e.g. textile), handling in case of waste handling Penta-BDE is released into the environment during the processing of raw materials during the production of products, their BDE is a volatile chemical and can enter the environment through volatilization from products determined in the composition by cross-border material flow analysis. Foam residues are also used as filling in several products, such as car seats. Obsolete The European Union has stipulated since 2004 the requirement that products with more than 0.1% of penta-BDE in processing, but now the use of penta-BDE in textile processing is prohibited. Commercial octa-BDE is a mixture of several polybrominated diphenyl ethers and additives. Them About 3.9% of BDE in products is emitted into the air due to its volatile properties, the product 10 scraps are used as carpet underlays, especially in the USA, the European Union exports to the USA approx during disposal, wastewater containing penta-BDE can also escape into the environment. to the atmosphere and 24.9% to surface water (Technical Review of the Implications ... 2007). Penta-BDE is emitted from the products into the environment during the manufacturing process, during the use of the products and also after decommissioning. fish and agricultural products in adults, mother's milk in children. Long-term exposure to penta-BDE can cause health damage because penta-BDE accumulates in the human body, but the effects of its degradation on humans are not exactly known. The use of Penta-BDE as part of hydraulic fluid in oil drilling and extraction was discontinued in 10– of the way. in use and from waste after the end of their useful life. In addition to reducing penta-BDE 40,000 tons of foam waste. During production, the main sources of penta-BDE release are filtered waste and scrap materials, but these quantities are very small. In general, wastes from production are landfilled, although wastes containing more than 0.25% penta-BDE are hazardous wastes. 0.25% penta-BDE, is classified as hazardous waste. foam residues are either deposited in landfills or even incinerated. Machine Translated by Google Approximately 95% of the octa-BDE supplied in the European Union was used in ABS polymers (globally Okta-BDE has also been detected in topsoil and combustion residues synthetic brominated compounds have been used mainly in flame retardants. in the surrounding dust. produced in several countries to this day. sensitivity of light resistance and allow to etch images smaller than the wavelength of light. but also in nylon, low-density polyethylene, polycarbonates, phenol-formaldehyde resins, in curtains and car interiors, octa-BDE has also been detected between 15 and 10,000 ng/g In the course of research, it has been found that octa-BDE is contained in plastic parts of computers and consumer goods, in parts of electrical and electronic products, fire extinguishing foams, photo detectors, hydraulic fluids as oil surfactants in flame retardants and adhesives. to improve wetting of floor polishes, shampoos. HBCDD (mixture of three diastereomers) - 25637-99-4, 25495-98-1; 2.11 Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) ~70%). Okta-BDE was added to the product at 10-18% depending on the weight of the product. ABS was mainly used 2. 10 Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOS-F) as well as water to protect other packaging materials, such as food packaging, marble and concrete in certain toys made in China. in unsaturated polyesters. Their extreme stability is caused by a very strong carbon-fluorine bond. anodizing and acid etching, it was also used in pesticides, mining and Okta-BDE is used in ABS polymers - polybutylene terephthalates, polyamide polymers, Okta-BDE has found wide use as an additive or chemical reagent in polymers and textile, Perfluorinated substances with long carbon chains, including PFOS, are grease and water repellent, so substances similar to PFOS are used as surfactants. The extreme persistence of these substances Hydraulic fluids were also previously used in aircraft brake fluids. and in textiles, industrial and household cleaners, and pesticides and insecticides. PFOS in CRT monitors and televisions, as well as octa-BDE electronic equipment PFOS is used in photoacid (PAGi) chemical enhancer components that increase 1,2,5,6,9,10-HBCDD - 3194-55-6; in the production of housings for electronic devices. PFOS is a widely used synthetic chemical found in a variety of products such as as well as water-based products such as alkaline cleaning agents, making them suitable for use in high temperature and acid/alkaline environments. The main use of PFOS-like substances in metal coating is chroming of metals and HBCDD is a brominated flame retardant. The compound exists in 16 different stereoisomeric forms, of which six pairs are enantiomers. The technical mixture of HBCDD mainly consists of three diastereomers, ÿ, ÿ and ÿ. Chemical formula: C12H18Br6. The CAS numbers of the isomers are: Substances similar to PFOS have been used to make paper and cardboard resistant to grease, oil and water Machine Translated by Google total content 10-30%. quality limit values, priority substances in surface water and priority hazardous substances in the environment ÿ-HBCDD – 134237-50-6; 3. LIMIT STANDARDS OF NEW PERSISTENT POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT Annual average limit value in terrestrial surface water, µg/l 32534-81-9 0.0005 ÿ-HBCDD – 134237-52-8. 1) Regulation No. 49 of the Minister of the Environment of September 9, 2010 "Restriction of hazardous substances in surface water, including FR 1206 I-LM, Dead Sea Bromine Group Standard FR 1206 I-LM, Dead Sea Bromine Group CAS number 115-29-7 in surface water, µg/l 0.01 hexachlorocyclohexane 608-93-5 0.0007 0.005 The names of products containing HBCDD are: Bromkal 73-6CD, Nikkafainon CG 1, Pyroguard F 800, methods of applying quality limit values'; other 0.02 of priority substances and priority hazardous substances and certain other pollutants of the environment The composition of technical HBCDD is: ÿ-HBCDD content 70-90% and ÿ-HBCDD and ÿ-HBCDD Maximum permissible limit value endosulfan 0.002 lists 1 and 2 and lists of priority substances, priority dangerous substances and groups of these substances"; ÿ-HBCDD – 134237-51-7; 608-73-1 Limit values for the content of hazardous substances in the environment are stipulated by the following legislation: Annual average limit value 0.0002 not applicable not applicable Name of the substance Compacted FR 1206 I-CM. bromodiphenyl ether 0.004 0.007 0.04 Pyroguard SR 103, Pyroguard SR 103A, Pyrovatex 3887, Great Lakes CD-75P™, Great Lakes CD-75, Great Lakes CD75XF, Great Lakes CD75PC (compacted), Dead Sea Bromine Group Ground pentachlorobenzene Table 2. Environmental quality limit values for persistent organic pollutants in surface water are as follows: in surface water, µg/l The highest permissible limit value in terrestrial surface water, µg/l not applicable not applicable 0.0005 0.02 2) Regulation No. 32 of the Minister of the Environment of July 21, 2010 "On substances and groups of substances hazardous to the aquatic environment other Machine Translated by Google Unit of measurement Limit value 4) Limit values for the content of persistent organic pollutants in soil, stipulated by the regulation of the Minister of the Environment of August 11, 2010 "Limit values for the content of hazardous substances in soil" 3) Regulation No. 75 of the Minister of the Environment of October 16, 2003 "Establishment of requirements for hazardous substances discharged into public sewers"; lindane Limit number in the country of residence, mg/kg 20 mg/l Name of the hazardous substance µg/l CAS number in kilograms: 0.5 Hexabromodiphenyl ether, CAS No. 68631-49-2; CAS No. 207122-15-4; Tetrabromodiphenyl ether, CAS No. 400088-47-9; Chlordecone, CAS No. 143-50-0; 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), CAS No. 608-73-1; hexachlorocyclohexane Table 4. Limit values for the content of persistent organic pollutants in soil: 0.2 2.0 CAS no plant protection products (sum of active ingredients) on the total emissions of the POSs and separately on the following pollutants Table 3. The limit values of persistent organic pollutants in waste water managed by public sewers are as follows: pentabromodiphenyl ether, CAS No. 32534-81-9. 58-89-9 Limit number in industrial land, mg/kg 5) by Regulation No. 76 of the Minister of the Environment of December 13, 2006 "Related to outdoor air pollution Target number, mg/kg 1.0 5 Heptabromodiphenyl ether, CAS No. 446255-22-7; CAS No. 207122-16-5; alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, CAS No. 319-84-6; beta hexachlorocyclohexane, CAS No. 319-85-7; 608-73-1 Name of the substance 2hexachlorocyclohexanes (each isomer) the procedure and form of reporting on activities" provided in the report, the data is included in the VOCs lindane, CAS No. 58-89-9; Hexabromobiphenyl, CAS No. 36355-01-8; 0.05 Machine Translated by Google In Estonia, the content of POS has been determined during several studies of dangerous substances such as COHIBA and BaltActHaz projects, in studies of dangerous substances in 2011 and 2012, within the framework of the national monitoring program, in the monitoring of dangerous substances in rivers, groundwater and coastal seas. In the 2011 studies, the content of POSs in fish in 8 bays and 3 estuaries of Lake Peipus was analyzed (HCHs and endosulfan in the liver and muscle of perch, PDEs in the liver), BDE, HCH and endosulfan content in water and sediments 17 in the river monitoring basin (3 of them in the wastewater basin), in the 6th sea basin (of which 4 in the wastewater basin), in the 3rd Lake Peipsi monitoring basin. In 2010, the river monitoring plan analyzed the content of the pesticides endosulfan and HCH in two agricultural floodplains. There were no new POSs in the list of analyzed pesticides in the monitoring studies carried out in the groundwater and in the thresholds of the nitrate-sensitive area. Also, no POSs have been found within the ambient air monitoring program. 4. STUDIES ON THE PRESENCE OF NEW PERMANENT POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT In the COHIBA project, from September 2009 to August 2010, 11 priority substances were investigated in Baltic Sea water in 6 thresholds (two settlement waste water outlets, two industrial waste water outlets, landfill leachate, rainwater). The content of endosulfan, BDEs and PFOS has been analyzed from the list of POS. 4.1 Chlordecone In the 2012 studies, water and sediment samples were taken in 9 waste water inlet thresholds, the content of PFOS and BDEs was analyzed from the POS. Chlordecone is a pesticide that is not specified in Estonia. 4.2 Endosulfan In the BaltActHaz study, two samples were taken in 2011 and analyzed with a very wide list of dangerous substances, including compounds from the new list of POS. Analyzes were taken from the effluent (PFOS) of 3 industrial enterprises, from 7 sluices of a small river flowing on agricultural land (endosulfan and HCH), from two monitoring points of Lake Peipsi (HBB, PBEs, PFOS, PeCB), from the coastal sea at the Sillamäe waste storage monitoring point and from 4 monitoring sluices of BLRT ( HBB, PBEs, PFOS, PeCB), from 12 river basins (HBB, PBEs, PFOS, PeCB) and from 8 effluents (HBB, PBEs, PFOS, PeCB, ÿ-HCH). In the national monitoring program, the new list of POS has been monitored since 2006 (HCHs in herring and perch). In 2011, the content of endosulfan and PeCB in herring was also determined. Endosulfan is the pesticide identified in all of the above studies. Endosulfan has been found as endosulfan sulfate at 38.4 ng/l in the leachate of the Väätsa landfill in June 2010, and in the 2011 hazardous substances survey, both ÿ- and ÿ-endosulfan, with a maximum value of 0.90 ÿg/l, were found in the liver and muscle of perch in Muuga Bay (corresponding no EQS for biota). In 2011 and 2012, studies of dangerous substances were carried out to determine priority substances in water, aquatic organisms and bottom sediments in order to meet the requirements of Council of Europe Directive 2008/105/EC. Machine Translated by Google 4.3 Alpha-hexachloro-cyclohexane (ÿ-HCH), beta-hexachloro-cyclohexane (ß-HCH), lindane (ÿ-HCH) The content of lindane in fish was decreasing until 2007, but an increase in content has been observed in recent years, the source of lindane is unclear. As part of the monitoring of dangerous substances in the coastal sea in 2011, the content of HCHs was analyzed in both perch and herring. The content of ÿ-HCH was higher in herring (16.9 ± 3.6 ÿg/kg lipids) than in perch (10.8 ± 1.8 ÿg/kg lipids). Among the HCH compounds, ÿ-HCH dominated in herring (62%), and ÿ-HCH (56%) in perch. The ÿ-HCH content was 24% in herring and 35% in ÿ-HCH perch. ÿ-HCH accounted for 14% and 9% in herring and perch, respectively (Monitoring of dangerous substances in the coastal sea 2011 report). 4.4 Pentachlorobenzene In 2011, endosulfan was not found in surface water and sediment samples. Lindane is no longer used as a pesticide, but its residues can be found in both sediments and organisms. The most toxic HCH isomer is ÿ-HCH. PeCB was determined in 2011 during a survey of hazardous substances in surface water and bottom sediments. The content of PeCB was below the detection limit, in the perch it was higher in the liver reaching 1.87 ÿg/kg, in the muscle it was up to 0.15 ÿg/kg. The content of PeCB is high in the perch of Lake Peipsi and in the liver of fish from Muuga and Lohusalu bays. In the 2011 hazardous substances studies (EKUK report), the content of HCHs in perch is lower than in coastal sea monitoring analyses, the content of HCHs in liver (up to 2.55 ÿg/kg lipids) is higher than in muscle (0.27 ÿg/kg lipids) , the greater share is in the ÿ-HCH content, 30–58%. In the BaltActHaz study, the content of PeCB was determined in the effluents of sewage treatment plants, the results were below the determination limit. 4.5 Hexabromobiphenyl HCHs have been studied as the sum of ÿ-, ÿ- and ÿ-isomers in fish as part of the monitoring of hazardous substances in the coastal sea since 1997. The HELCOM COMBINE program has developed a target number of HCH in Baltic Sea fish tissues – 16.7 ÿg/kg. The HCH values in surface water and bottom sediments analyzed during the 2011 hazardous substances survey are all below the determination limit. During BaltActHaz studies, HBB was determined in the discharges of wastewater treatment plants, rivers and Lake Peipsi, the results of all analyzes were below the determination limit. In the muscles of perch, the content of HCH compounds was on an increasing trend between 2006 and 2010, the average content of ÿ-HCH has increased four times and the content of ÿ-HCH has increased 2.5 times. The highest total values were in the fish of Haapsalu Bay and Väikse Väina in 2010, lindane was also found in fish of Väinamere and Kunda Bay. 4.6 Pentabromodiphenyl ether, penta-BDE, octabromodiphenyl ether, octa-BDE Machine Translated by Google limit value penta-BDE in the Kuressaare Bay in the area of the deep-sea outlet of the city sewage treatment plant, In the 2012 hazardous substances survey, the content of PFOS in sediments and water is below the detection limit. BDEs have been determined in COHIBA, BaltActHaz and 2011 and 2012 studies on dangerous substances. During the BaltActHaz work, the content of BDEs in the effluent of rivers, lakes, sewage treatment plants was PFOS contents exceeding both AA-EQS and MAC-EQS values. Within COHIBA, HBCDD ÿ-, ÿ-, and ÿ-HBCD isomers were determined. Up to 3.5 HBCDD was found in the effluent in the waste water coming out of the sewage treatment plant, but also in the leachate of the Väätsa landfill and in the rainwater of Tallinn, penta BDE has also been found in the waste water of the Kohtla-Järve sewage treatment plant. 4.7 Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), its salts exit. In the analyzes of the COHIBA project, PFOS was found in the waste water of Kohtla-Järve, Narva, Loksa and Keila and Table 5. HBCDD analysis results in samples of landfill, rainwater, waste water and sewage sludge in Estonia in 2009–2010 below the determination limit. Emajões below the outlet of the Tartu wastewater treatment plant, in Lake Peipsi in the Rannapungerja area. Penta-BDE has also been found in Tallinn Bay in the area of the deep-sea outlet of the city's wastewater treatment plant. In the BaltActHaz studies, the content of PFOS in waste water from sewage treatment plants and industrial plants and rivers In Sweden. PFOS has been determined in the COHIBA, BaltActHaz and 2012 studies on hazardous substances. In the 2011 hazardous substances survey, BDEs in fish were below the detection limit. Surface water exceeded EQS In a HELCOM study, which showed that HBCDD levels were very low in the eastern Baltic Sea, remaining rainwater samples were taken after snow melt and during the first heavy rain period in summer. In the results of the COHIBA studies, the value of penta-BDE exceeded the surface water EQS in Narva, Keila, Loksa below the determination limit. 4.8 Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) ng/l. The level of HBCDD in rainwater was 6.48 ng/l. During the COHIBA project, waste water samples were taken 8 times In the rainwater of Tallinn, but the values were below the EQS value, but in the leachate of the Väätsa landfill, they were high In the 2012 hazardous substances survey, the concentrations of BDEs in sediments and water were below the determination limit. In the environment, HBCDD was first determined in 2009 within the COHIBA and BaltActHaz projects. Penta-BDE has mainly been found in northern sediments from the Keila River and the Emajõgi below the Tartu sewage treatment plant in water below the determination limit. The HBCDD content of the fish (herring, perch and flounder) studied in the coastal sea of Estonia was present in all samples The first indirect data on the possible presence of HBCDD in the Estonian environment was obtained in 2008 from May 2009 to August 2010. Landfill and sewage sludge were sampled twice (in winter and summer), below the determination limit. It can be assumed that in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea, HBCDD was not used to such an extent as Machine Translated by Google WWTP2 WWTP3 WWTP discharge WWTP4a WWTP4b LOQ - limit of determination analysis and found its possible sources in Estonia, which are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Hexabromocyclododecane substance flow analysis in Estonia 2010. (COHIBA WP4) water, ng/l Mud, HBCDD content in Narva, Kohtla, Kunda, Mustjõgi, Jägala, Keila, Vääna, Vasalemma and Pärnu rivers water, ng/l water, ng/l mud, was below the determination limit of 200 ng/l of the used analysis methodology. water, ng/ l µg/kg HBCDD content from North-Eastern Estonia's industrial (three chemical and one wood industry) and µg/kg also from domestic sewage, semi-coke and ash waste water at Kohtla-Järve sewage treatment plant and Järve bio-treatment plant too OÜ's effluent was below the determination limit of the analysis methodology used (200 ng/l). Järve Biopuhasti OÜ Landfill Rainwater WWTP1 water, ng/l in all three parallel samples of sewage sludge, the contents of HBCDD were below those used ng/l ng/l 1.07 3.94–6.48 0.44–3.06 12.8 <LOQ – 3.5 0.20–2.39 93.4 <LOQ – 1.24 2.44 and 2.76 the determination limit of the analytical methodology of 200 µg/kg was also made within the COHIBA project Machine Translated by Google found found, below the determination limit found, below the determination limit, found, below the determination limit Table 6. Summary of POS content studies found, below the determination limit pentabromodiphenyl ether a chemical used as a plant protection agent, which has been used in Estonia as follows: (BDE) Biota determination limit found, below the determination limit found, below the determination limit pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) found in landfill leachate found, below the determination limit In the leachate of the Väätsa landfill, it exceeds the determination limit found, below the determination limit (BDE) – mixture of HCH isomers 404.6 t in the period 1957–1969 (import into Estonia banned from Chemical Sediment found, below the determination limit found, trending up (HBCDD) found, below the determination limit 5. USE OF PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDES IN FOOD found, trending uplindane, (ÿ-HCH) found, below the determination limit hexabromobiphenyl RESIDUAL STATEMENT STUDIES Water alpha-hexachloro cyclohexane, (ÿ-HCH) endosulfan not analyzed found, trending up found beta-hexachloro cyclohexane, (ß-HCH) chlordecone found, found in effluent, below limit of determination not analyzed not analyzed found, below the determination limit (HBB) Among the new POS added to the list of substances of the Stockholm Convention, there are 6 mainly found, below the determination limit found Hexabromocyclododecane found, below the determination limit found. The highest among fish in Lake Peipus found, found in effluent, below limit of determination octabromodiphenyl ether 21.10.1967); not analyzed not analyzed not analyzed determination limit perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) its salts, perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOS-F) found, below the determination limit Machine Translated by Google LOvide 0 0 372 0 Prof hexachlorobenzene 307 0 0 2010 animal 0 0 The Veterinary and Food Board has investigated the residual content of pesticides in foodstuffs, pentachlorobenzene and LO number 30 0 0 307 0 Prof 0 idea endosulfan sulfate number 0 30 2009 0 372 0 256 into ecosystems with foods that have been used to grow them. ÿ No. 396/2005 Article 26 and Commission Implementing Regulation (Multiannual Community Control Programme Prof 30 307 0 LO 25 2 372 30 Since 1995, plant protection products containing the mentioned active ingredients have not been registered in Estonia non-animal the door 0 hexachloro cyclohexane, (HCH), sum of isomers excl. ÿ isomer 0 food endosulfan (sum of ÿ and ÿ isomers and endosulfan sulfate) 0 256 0 372 0 the content of chlordecone has not been studied. The following table contains the regulation of the European Parliament and the Council Q 0 – gamma-HCH (lindane) 6.1 t between 1975 and 1986 (banned from 26.01.1999); – endosulfan 0.91 t between 1978 and 1992. ÿ 0 0 256 0 food number 30 0 256 non animal food 0 0 256 Table 7. Research on the residual content of pesticides in foodstuffs 2008-2010. residue name 0 0 0 372 0 ÿ Q 25 ÿ 0 HCH), ÿ-isomer 30 25 animal 307 0 0 the list of plant protection products allowed for use and it is assumed that they have not been used either. about) the results of studies carried out for fulfillment. vide count ÿ LOQ 0 de 0 hexachloro cyclohexane (ÿ 25 0 256 food Sample ÿ-endosulfan 0 HCH), ÿ-isomer food 0 0 0 0 In Estonia, the use of these substances is prohibited, these pesticides may enter the environment and number 0 Q vide 25 0 372 0 LOQ ÿ-endosulfan 0 0 2008 non-animal 0 Prof 25 0 0 Chlordecone and pentachlorobenzene have never been used as plant protection agents in Estonia. Although 65 hexachloro cyclohexane (ÿ Machine Translated by Google have been found to a significant extent. 6. LANDFILL RESEARCH lindane (ÿ-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (ÿ-HCH)) 30 All POSs belonging to the Stockholm Convention, both old and new substances, were analyzed. OÜ Estonia 7. POSS IN PRODUCTS AND HANDLING OF PFOS IN COMPANIES i.e. 0.001 mg/kg, in one case it was a product from Lithuania and in the other from Estonia. 2560 372 the content of dangerous substances in landfill leachate has only been analyzed within the framework of the COHIBA project and found BDE is used in the production of building materials (insulating foams), electrical and electronic equipment the determined content of PFOS in leachate was also higher than the environmental quality established for surface water in leather/clothing, textile/upholstery, paper, packaging, coatings and coating additives, industrial and The following figures and tables present the flow analysis of these substances in Estonia and based on 2010 data Quantity kg/year 0.009 to 0.03 in the production of plastic parts and in the textile industry, mainly in the processing of furniture textiles. 307 0 On September 1, 2012, POS samples were taken from untreated sewage from the Pääsküla and Aardla landfills for analysis. release into the environment is unlikely. Only the contents of PFOS and its salts were exceeded Source 0 In summary, pesticides added to the list of POS are not used in Estonia, their residues are not in food analyses. grease, dirt and water from textiles and other materials. Table 8. Estimated substance flows of penta-BDE in Estonia In 2009, HCB was found in butter from two producers, in both cases the sample result was equal to the LOQ value the estimated handling amount of BDE is found to be 35.5 kg per year. The main source of penta-BDE is 0 Pesticides, PCD and HCB were analyzed in the laboratory of the Center for Environmental Research and Gesellschaft für The main new POSs that are widely used in products are PBDEs, which are 0.015 high levels of penta-BDE and PFOS. 0 from the standard. in household cleaning products. 0.01 Area of activity: waste treatment, waste water treatment, remote monitoring 25 Environment landfill leachate surface water wastewater from water treatment plants surface water long-range airborne surface water A large part of hazardous substances ends up in landfills with products and foodstuffs. In previous studies determination limit, their level was high in the studies of the Väätsa landfill. Both Pääsküla and Aardla landfill PFOS, BDEs, chlordecone and PBB were carried out in the laboratory of Bioanalytik Hamburg GmbH (GBA) organobromine compounds, which are mainly used as flame retardants, and PFOS, which repel Before the handling of PFOS was banned, they were used in many products such as carpets, electronic devices (TVs, computers) and PUR products (Figure 2). The analysis results were generally below the limit of determination, so the investigated landfills have their POSs Machine Translated by Google emissions indoor incineration in households incineration of electronic waste landfill leachate long range airborne sewage sludge to surface water total product use product use 1.53 33.03 The main amount of penta-BDE enters indoor spaces when using electronics, based on the flow analysis is 0.007 to 0.073 In PUR products, electronic parts of TVs, electronic parts of computers god 3.75 monitor waste water from cleaning products, carpets, office supplies, textiles, etc. reaching the environment 0.81 and its sediment. The estimated flow of PFOS in 2010 was 159 kg. outside air outside air 1.56 to 1.63 soil soil soil indoor air total waste management remote monitoring waste water treatment 0.028 0.63 from carpets and other textile products impregnated into the environment through products. So it's important 0.034 to 0.055 total outside air product use product use product use 0.013 it is 33.03 kg per year (Table 8) and 1.6 kg per year is released into the outdoor air. 12,28 outside air Figure 2. Penta-BDE substance flow in Estonia. waste management 17 into the soil 0.167 The use of PFOS (Fig. 3, Table 9) is much more widespread, but the main amount of PFOS ends up indoor air indoor air indoor air Machine Translated by Google Activity wastewater treatment waste management remote monitoring 0.013 The largest is the emission of PFOS into the soil through long-range diffusion, which according to the Swedish Environmental Institute 0.01-0.11 aircraft hydraulic fluids waste water 0.01-0.11 Figure 3. PFOS substance flow in Estonia. total to surface water Quantity, kg/year sewage landfill leachate landfill leachate 125.7 0.07 Source waste water landfill leachate long distance distribution air transport product life cycle emissions product life cycle emissions 0.088 8.1-8.2 Table 9. Estimated substance flow of PFOS in Estonia waste water 0.031 from the coefficients of the model calculations, it is estimated to be 126 kg per year. 8.02 treatment of carpets with chemicals waste water soil soil soil aircraft hydraulic fluids soil long range soil 0.04-0.06 0.01-0.11 Environment surface water surface water surface water into waste water waste water treatment waste management waste management 25.1 impregnation of textiles air transport remote monitoring 25 Machine Translated by Google In order to evaluate the handling of products containing BDEs and PFOS in Estonia, companies were interviewed by letter. None of the companies that responded to the questionnaire could find their products in safety data sheets and certificates prohibited. These substances have not been analyzed in a time series in surface waters, effluents, biota or sediments. Stockholm Convention chemicals. HCHs and PeCBs have been found in fish from the Baltic Sea and Lake Peipsi, indicating pollutants 8. SUMMARY movement in the Estonian environment. The sources of these substances may be further away (remote transmission), but The overview highlights the main industries and product groups where new POS can be found, and is These substances pose a threat to Estonian water ecosystems. a summary of the survey conducted in companies. The amount of PFOS substance flow in Estonia can be estimated 159 kg and a penta-BDE material flow of 35.5 kg per year. Because there are no POS included in this list in Estonia are not produced or used in production according to environmental permits, then they end up in our environment into the soil with products that end their life cycle in landfills. 125.8-126 The new substances include several substances that were used as pesticides, which have been in Estonia since 1995 Machine Translated by Google The significance of the effect of the chemical No need to plan 9. MEASURES TO IMPLEMENT THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE CONVENTION No need to plan No need to plan Lindane, ÿ-HCH Chemical Residues in circulation Not found Residues in circulation HBB Insignificant The effect needs to be clarified. Waste management needs clarification. Regulation of circulation of products containing HBB ABS plastics, lacquers, polyurethane foam and materials containing HBB as a flame retardant Regulation of circulation of polyurethane foam, electronics and textiles. Waste in circulation (landfills) Action Alpha-hexachloro cyclohexane, ÿ-HCH in landfills Important Insignificant Finding in the Estonian environment No need to plan Hexabromobiphenyl BDE 9.1 Importance of substances in our environment to plan environmental protection activities Pentabromodiphenyl ether Endosulfan Residues in circulation Insignificant Insignificant Insignificant No need to plan The effect needs to be clarified. Waste management needs clarification. (landfills) and in products Chlordecone Beta-hexachloro cyclohexane, ß-HCH Residues in circulation Insignificant No need to plan Important Residues in circulation Pentachlorobenzene PeCB May be found Machine Translated by Google Important HBCD is included in marketed products. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), Octabromodiphenyl ether 9.2 Measures to implement the requirements of the Convention Emission assessment and emission data 1.1 Residues in circulation (landfills) and products Important (PFOS) its salts, perfluorooctanesulfonyl The effect needs to be clarified. Waste management needs clarification. POS databases are regularly updated Fulfilling the obligations of the Stockholm Convention Development plan of the Ministry of Social Affairs 2013–2016 KeMEffective monitoring, the results of which are publicly available The effect needs to be clarified. Waste management needs clarification. Regulation of circulation of ABS plastics, textile materials, thermoplastics. Residues in circulation (landfills). Purpose The effect needs to be clarified. Waste management needs clarification. Regulation of circulation of PFOS-coated metals and semiconductors, fire-fighting foams containing them, electrical and electronic equipment, hydraulic fluids, LCD screens, textiles, paper and cardboard. Residues in circulation (landfills) and products Co responsible persons Measure 1 BDE SoM, Mon 1,2,5,6,9,10 hexabromocyclododecane Relationship with other strategic documents disclosure Regulation of the circulation of products in which it has been used as a flame retardant. fluoride (PFOS-F) Estimation and forecasting of POS emissions Direction of action Development plan of the Ministry of Agriculture's governance area 2014-2017 Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid acid Important Immediate result The main person in charge Activity 1.1.1 Monitoring of POS in different environments Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 Objectives, measures and activities Machine Translated by Google Calculations done PM An annual inventory of POS emissions into the air has been carried out. The data is public. to find out. 2020 SoM Reducing contamination with POS Monitoring that works Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 KeM Forecasts prepared Continuous studies of the effects Forecasting emissions 1.2 Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 KeMDevelopment of transboundary pollution assessment and monitoring forecasts prepared Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 Development plan of the Ministry of the Interior's administrative area 2011-2014 Possibilities for reduction assessed based on monitoring data Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 Activity 1.1.4 Assessment of the impact of POS on human health based on regional monitoring data and health data refining forecasts into different environments Activity 1.3.2 Reduction of residual pollution KeMActivity 1.1.3 Specifying the methodologies for calculating emissions Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 KeM Action 1.3.1 Assessment of possibilities to reduce POS emissions and preparation of an action plan to improve the situation. Development of proposals for the creation of a legislative framework, including clearly defined responsibilities to prevent the emergence of new residual pollution hotspots. Remediation and follow-up monitoring of residual pollution hotspots Activity 1.1.2. Compilation and disclosure of POS emissions inventory Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 KeM The data is public. KeM 1.3 Activity 1.2.1 Estimation of POS emissions and Population health development plan 2009– Direction of action Development plan of the Ministry of Agriculture's governance area 2014-2017 PõM, SiM Development plan of the Ministry of Agriculture's governance area 2014-2017 Direction of action Action 1.2.2 Long-range system of transboundary air pollution Forecasts prepared and specified and its evaluation in different environments KeM The legislation stipulates the conditions for the prevention of residual pollution, the liquidation of created pollution and follow-up monitoring, as well as restrictions on activities in areas with residual pollution PM Machine Translated by Google Measure 2 Reduction of POS emissions KeM, professional and professional associations, Action 1.3.3 Ensuring the safe handling of waste in accordance with the requirements of the Waste Act Action 2.1.1 For incinerators brought to the market trade unions, operators EU legislation and programs in the field of transport and fuel. Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 KeM stipulating the requirements to be submitted in solid fuel combustion devices (up to 0.3 MW) operators Action 2.3.1 In the fuel and energy economy, ensure compliance with the state-established environmental requirements reducing emissions Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 KeM Claims applied KeM national development plan until 2015 Environmental permits take POS emissions into account Activity 2.3.2 Regulation of POS emissions with environmental permits Direction of action operators Direction of action KeM, MKM PõM Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 SiM Local governments Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 SiM 2.3 Fuel and energy economy long-term 2.4 enforcement Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 Requirements set out Activity 2.1.2 Implementation of the standard EVS-EN 15544:2009 for small combustion devices (pottery stoves) Direction of action Inventory of products containing POS Inventory carried out SiM, professional and Emissions per reduced source of pollution Action 2.2.1 Effective reduction of transport-related POS emissions by implementing Estonia / Emissions per reduced source of pollution PõM, MKM national development plan until 2015 Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 KeM Reducing emissions in small 2.1 Regular monitoring Fuel and energy management long-term KeM, professional and professional associations, POSs related to transport 2.2 The principles of the standard are applied Reduction of industrial emissions Requirements for implementation Transport development plan 2014-2020 Direction of action Action 2.1.3 Development and implementation of good practice in the use of small incinerators Machine Translated by Google administrative area development plan 2014–2017 Direction of action Activity 2.4.1 Products containing POS to the market of products containing POS MKM, SoM, Activity 3.1.1 Use of electronic information exchange systems MKM, SoM, transfer, import and export and their Measure 3 national development plan until 2015 and distributed. publication of information materials and a functioning training system raising through the preparation and publication of sectoral information materials KeM General principles regarding public information and early warning have been specified The Ministry of the Interior's governance area development plan 2011-2014 Measure 4 Activity 3.1.3 Organizing the legal space regarding the prevention of possible emergencies, emergency preparedness planning and resolution doing implementation Electronic information materials prepared 3.1 Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 SiM Raising awareness will be handled in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture's waste handling requirements Development plan of the Ministry of Social Affairs 2013 Sectoral decision making process operators, experts in various fields, information materials prepared and issued, specialists, population) awareness notification system works Population health development plan 2009– Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 RM, PõM, specialty and trade unions, operators Ability to use electronic communication systems PõM, specialty and trade unions, operators training KeM SoM, PõM, specialty and trade unions, operators KeM Linking strategic documents and legislation of various fields to Stockholm 2020 Fuel and energy economy long-term KMK, KeM use of information exchange systems, Development plan of the Ministry of Social Affairs 2013–2016 Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 Activity 3.1.2 Target groups (operators, The terms are specified and the responsibilities of the institutions are clearly defined. Development plan of the Ministry of Social Affairs 2013–2016 2016 Machine Translated by Google Activity 4.1.1 Taking into account the requirements of the Stockholm Convention when drafting legislation and strategic documents concerning industry, transport, energy, the environment and public health 2016 with the requirements of the Convention documents and legislation KeM A functioning supervision system and effective cooperation in various supervision Related to POS emissions management 4.1 with the requirements of the Convention Strategic Population health development plan 2009– SoM, PõM,Action 5.1.1 Effective cooperation of different supervisory authorities in controlling POS emissions and POS containing products RM, MKM Strategic documents and legislation Fuel and energy economy long-term POS emissions and POS 5.1 Development plan of the Ministry of Social Affairs 2013 drafting and supplementing strategic documents and legislation Measure 5 Monitoring Development plan of the Ministry of Agriculture's governance area 2009-2012 Direction of action The Ministry of Agriculture takes into account the development plan of the Stockholm administrative area 2014-2017 SoM, PõM, Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 2020 Estonian Environmental Strategy until 2030 A functioning monitoring system take into account the requirements of the Stockholm Convention national development plan until 2015 control of containing products RM, JuM Estonian Environmental Action Plan for the years 2007-2013 Direction of action Machine Translated by Google Dioxins/ 2.052 12.201 0.060 10.154 2.679 14.045 0.147 9.119 incineration in households and industry, as well as the use of waste fuel in the cement industry and Benzo(b) EXTRAS g I-Teq 5.666 5.413 4.296 3.554 3.832 4.528 4.928 4.832 3.813 3.454 3.399 3.539 3.758 4.125 3.811 3.373 2.879 4.909 5.183 4. 867 5.528 5.429 2.338 12.511 0.140 9.613 30.2 2.568 13.867 0.184 9.219 3.5 Indeno 2011, 4.2 fluoranthene 3.165 16.725 0.140 10.325 furans 1.992 11.876 0.060 10.190 2.862 15.072 0.173 9.666 incineration of industrial and hospital waste. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 trend 2.398 12.778 0.130 9.409 16.7 add 1 (1,2,3 % 1.578 8.559 0.070 7.995 PAHs, 2.506 13.379 0.130 9.026 2.308 12.589 0.150 8.883 17.2 Between 1990 and 2011, dioxin and PCB emissions decreased by 4.2% and 3.5%, respectively, while together 2.423 12.929 0.120 8.154 11.1 Emissions of persistent organic pollutants into the outdoor air in the period 1990-2011 Benzo(a) 1.475 8.476 0.050 7.266 3.072 16.346 0.206 10.916 Emissions of PAHs and HCBs have increased due to the increased use of biomass for energy production 2.727 14.481 0.120 9.190 4,289 4,208 2,911 2,411 2,840 4,756 5,558 5,506 4,445 4,298 4,164 4,186 4,259 4,422 4,668 4,278 3,870 4,351 4,620 4,981 5 ,462 4,765 fluoranthene emissions from other POSs increased. The main source of PCB emissions is oil shale burning, dioxins cd) 3,641 3,531 2,552 2,142 2,572 4,359 5,040 5,005 3,998 3,861 3,757 3,727 3,810 3,953 4,150 3,771 3,762 3,943 4,209 4,517 4 ,900 4,265 2.029 11.724 0.120 8.068 HCB PCB 2.366 12.557 0.130 7.070 14.6 the main source is energy production, including the burning of waste fuel, wood and wood waste pyrene 1.266 7.128 0.040 10.569 2.672 14.241 0.177 9.801 in households. Household emissions come first, followed by energy production. Benzo(s) 3.178 16.856 0.140 10.454 1990 195.2 2.483 13.230 0.146 10.256 pyrene kg 2.519 13.226 0.130 7.957 2,217 2,145 1,538 1,309 1,570 2,640 3,080 3,048 2,430 2,346 2,269 2,261 2,312 2,371 2,482 2,232 2,063 2,413 2,536 2,712 2 ,913 2,540 t Machine Translated by Google 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1996 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2001 2002 2002 2003 2004 2006 2006 2006 2008 2008 2009 2010 2011 1990-2011, % 8.07 HCB HCH PCB 7.27 Appendix 2 8.15 no 0.111 0.008 0.016 0.010 0.006 0.040 0.009 NA 0.002 /F kg kg 9.41 0.142 0.012 0.021 0.010 0.008 0.050 0.034 NA 0.009 9.19 Appendix 3 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.15 0, 12 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.21 0.18 195.2 7.96 g I 7.07 BAD 0.132 0.007 0.014 0.009 0.006 0.037 0.002 NA 0.001 Emissions of persistent organic pollutants from energy production to ambient air in the period 1990–2011 PCB 10.25 10.92 0.223 0.022 0.039 0.015 0.012 0.088 0.089 NA 0.024 10.45 0.128 0.009 0.017 0.010 0.007 0.042 0.024 NA 0.007 I(1,2,3 Emissions of persistent organic pollutants from transport to ambient air in the period 1990–2011 10.32 Sum 0.148 0.010 0.019 0.010 0.008 0.047 0.037 NA 0.010 Dioxins HCB 10,15 9,12 Teq 9.80 0.096 0.012 0.022 0.008 0.005 0.047 0.030 NA 0.008 10.57 g A year 9.22 cd)p 9.03 March 0.152 0.009 0.018 0.010 0.007 0.045 0.023 NA 0.006 10,19 9.67 0.226 0.022 0.040 0.017 0.012 0.091 0.074 NA 0.020 7.99 3.5 9.61 PCDD 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 g I-Teq 5.20 4.94 3.84 3.10 3.39 4.10 4.50 4.21 3.25 3.16 3.00 3.18 3.14 3.64 3.15 2 .73 2.72 4.61 4.72 4.28 5.21 5.07 2.5 8.88 B(a)p B(b)f B(k)f 0.104 0.013 0.023 0.009 0.006 0.051 0.033 NA 0.009 t Machine Translated by Google 0.167 0.008 0.017 0.011 0.008 0.043 0.005 NA 0.001 0.148 0.013 0.021 0.013 0.009 0.056 0.274 NA 0.001 0.156 0.011 0.020 0.012 0.008 0.050 0.001 NA 0.000 0.143 0.012 0.021 0.014 0.009 0.056 0.143 NA 0.001 38.2 93.2 NA -96.6 0.151 0.010 0.019 0.011 0.007 0.048 0.535 NA 0.003 trend Appendix 4 0.149 0.011 0.019 0.012 0.008 0.049 0.377 NA 0.002 1990 Emissions of persistent organic pollutants from the production of building materials into the outdoor air in the period 1990–2011 0.152 0.011 0.019 0.012 0.008 0.050 0.336 NA 0.002 2011, % 0.161 0.012 0.021 0.013 0.009 0.055 0.170 NA 0.001 36.6 -43.1 0.168 0.013 0.022 0.013 0.009 0.057 0.168 NA 0.001 48.3 Dioxin emissions from the construction materials industry (cement, lime and brick production) are 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0.169 0.012 0.021 0.013 0.009 0.055 0.348 NA 0.002 18.3 0.137 0.007 0.014 0.009 0.006 0.037 0.004 NA 0.001 0.153 0.011 0.019 0.012 0.008 0.050 0.453 NA 0.002 23.6 I 61,608 production, 0.2 483,000 2011 Cement 0.2 936,200 81 343 21,200 0.2 357,700 56,500 g 0.07 0.0130 0.07 0.0140 0.07 0.0060 0.07 0.0010 0.07 0.0010 0.07 0.0010 0.07 0.0010 0.07 0.0010 0, 07 0.0020 0.07 0.0020 0.07 0.0010 0.07 0.0010 0.07 0.0010 0.07 0.0020 0.07 0.0020 0.07 0.0020 0.07 0 .0030 0.07 0.0030 0.07 0.0040 0.07 0.0040 0.07 0.0019 0.07 0.0019 1996 16,800 0.2 2007 128,283 54 140 I 2003 30,200 I 0.2 TEQ/t 417,600 20,000 1992 536,700 18,000 38,938 discharge, tons 1997 19,500 discharge, 1990 354,000 185,000 63,741 36,100 Lime 0.22004 32,000 0.2 0.2 329,100 1993 719 002 63,741 84,544 production, 2008 68,009 tons 0.2 0.2 2000 506,300 27,200 TEQ/t 387,700 17,400 32,000 0.2 0.2 404,600 39,700 0.060 0.563 0.060 0.543 0.060 0.290 0.060 0.212 0.060 0.242 0.060 0.251 0.060 0.233 0.070 0.030 0.070 0.022 0.070 0.025 0 .070 0.023 0.070 0.028 0.070 0.033 0.070 0.035 0.070 0.035 402,500 1998 23,300 2009 54,674 EF, ÿg g 938,000 592 206 Bricks and 0.2 2005 NA 422,500 32,100 0.2207,000 82,667 TEQ/t 1994 A year 0.2 506,300 806,100 62,674 0.2 2001 37,200 541 401 EF, ÿg 0.2 0.2 848,900 139,217 0.2 1999 465,900 59,400 21,000 113,081 0.070 NE 0.099 0.059 0.070 0.065 0.003 0.056 0.003 0.023 0.004 0.037 0.004 0.037 1995 45,072 EF, ÿg tons 905,000 2010 2002 43,500 350,444 building blocks 0.2 321,300 21,200 0.2 production, 1991 326,000 92,000 143,485 0.2 2006 46 139 Machine Translated by Google Incineration in manufacturing: other processes handling NA NA NA kg calculated according to the UNEP guideline "Standardized Toolkit for Identification of Dioxin and Furan Releases" NA NA NA NA NA 89.0% Field compared to special emissions. NA NA Main PCB emission sources based on 2011 data 99.7% g I-Teq 0.470 0.470 0.460 0.450 0.440 0.430 0.430 0.620 0.560 0.290 0.400 0.360 0.620 0.483 0.660 0.640 0.050 0.300 0.455 0. 582 0.321 0.361 NA Incineration of waste NA NA 0.085 NA Total 100.0% NA NA NA 97.5% Incineration in the commercial sector: stationary sources on the basis of Whereas Nordic is obliged to measure dioxin emissions twice a year, Appendix 5 NA NA NA NA 6.2800 2.4463 0.8346 0.1833 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 NA NA NA 0.001 2011, kg cumulative NA NA NA which is important to prove that the actual emissions are considerably lower than those presented in the guideline PCDD/F NA NA NA NA NA NA Burning in the agriculture, forestry, fishing sector: stationary sources 0.0307 A year NA Residential heating, stationary sources Persistent organic pollutant emissions from waste management and incineration into ambient air in the period 1990–2011 NA 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 NA NA NA NA NA 64.1% Electricity and heat production PAHs NA NA NA Production of solid fuels (conversion) PCDD/F NA NA NA NA 99.4% Waste NA NA NA Appendix 6 0.0257 Machine Translated by Google 3.1060 1.5700 0.2954 0.2216 0.1265 0.0661 0.0144 0.0114 0.0100 0.0046 1 A 3 bi Road transport: passenger cars 100.0% 1 A 2 fi Incineration in the processing industry: other processes 86.1% National Fisheries 99.9% 1 A 1 b Oil processing 99.8% 100.0% Field Appendix 7 Electricity and heat production, stationary sources 56.4% 0.0000 98.0% 6 D Other waste Total 6 C a Incineration of hospital waste 100.0% 1 A 4 ai Incineration in the commercial sector: stationary sources 100.0% 99.9% 1 B 2 c Ignition in oil and gas production 99.9% 0.0007 Main sources of PCDD/PCDF emissions based on 2011 data Domestic burning, stationary sources 1 A 4 ai Incineration in the commercial sector: stationary sources Appendix 8 Main sources of HCB emissions in 2011. based on the data 1 A 4 ci Burning in the agriculture, forestry, fishing sector: stationary sources 99.2% 87.8% 0.0009 0.0008 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1 A 3 b iv Road transport: mopeds and motorbikes 2011, kg 100.0% 99.5% 1A 4 c iii National fisheries (mobile pollution sources) 98.6% 100.0% cumulative 1 A 1 c Production of solid fuels (conversion) 100.0% 1 A 1 c Production of solid fuels (conversion) 1 A 3 b ii Road transport: small vehicles Total 1 A 1 b Oil processing 91.6% 1 A 4 bi Burning in households, stationary sources 2011, Incineration of industrial waste 100.0% 99.7% 3 D 3 Use of other products 99.6% 1 A 1 a Electricity and heat production, stationary sources 57.2% 1 A 3 b iii Road transport: trucks and buses 100.0% 1A 4 c iii National Fisheries 95.6% 1 A 4 ci Burning in the agriculture, forestry, fishing sector: stationary sources Field 0.0014 0.1000 0.0556 0.0192 0.0018 0.0005 0.0001 g I-Teq 1 A 2 fi Incineration in the processing industry: other processes 100.0% cumulative 0.0001 Machine Translated by Google