National Biodiversity Strategy 2030 (NBS 2030)

1.1 Reversing the trend in species diversity and intraspecific diversity Endangered species The indicator represents species endangerment data from the national NBS indicator Available Red Lists in a single measurement. The underlying data is based on the classification of species into Red List categories, which reflect a graded scale of threat levels up to and including extinction. Conservation status of Habitats The indicator is an index value derived from assessments of the NBS indicator Available Directive habitats and species conservation status of habitats and species in Germany protected under the Habitats Directive. The data is drawn from the national Habitats Directive reports, which contain the assessment results for the habitats set out in Annex I and the occurrence of animal and plant species listed in Annexes II, IV and V.

1.2 Reversing trends of decline in insects and their species diversity Red List trends Development of the short-term trend in the Red Lists for assessed insect To be developed species Insect biomass Development of insect biomass with reference to nationwide insect To be developed monitoring (components: flying insects in open landscapes; ground beetles and ground-dwelling spiders in grassland, arable land and forests; saproxylic beetles in forests) Supplemented in farmland by already developed monitoring strategies (MonViA indicators on the diversity of organisms addressing biomass: 92 insect biodiversity in viticulture, earthworm communities, honeybees, wild bees, beneficial insects in refuge habitats, microorganisms) Insects in agricultural landscapes Insect monitoring gathers suitable data to be collated and processed (see To be developed action area 8). Supplemented by the monitoring strategies specially developed for agricultural areas (MonViA indicators on the diversity of organisms, particularly pollinator monitoring: wild bees and honeybees, hoverflies) Development of insect The development is investigated using various components of nationwide To be developed populations insect monitoring (landscape as a whole, forests, grassland, arable land, settlements). To that end, insect monitoring as currently implemented gathers suitable data to be collated and processed. Option of supplementing by MonViA indicators to be examined Recording quantitative and Within ecosystem monitoring, data is gathered nationwide in To be developed qualitative data on biotopes and representative sample plots. Ecosystem monitoring as currently their characteristic features implemented gathers suitable data to be collated and processed. Supplemented by MonViA indicators from the habitat diversity modules on land use, intensity of land use and landscape elements HNV indicator Share of farmland with high nature value (HNV) (see action area 8) NBS indicator Available MonViA indicators on landscapes The indicators describe the diversity of landscapes and land use and Available and land use, small structures and reflect the variety of classes of land cover. The indicators can serve as a landscape elements, and intensity measure of landscape fragmentation as well as describing the of land use composition of land-use types across an area. They can be used to depict the chronology of different crop species in a field and the intensity of use. They also record the non-productive share of agricultural land and the changes in humus inputs and fertilisation intensity resulting from 93 management practices. The indicators contain an index of areas reflecting landscape elements and small structures and edges. MonViA indicator on biodiversity The indicator describes the status and diversity of macrozoobenthos To be examined in small water bodies communities in small water bodies and facilitates insights into habitat diversity. Presence of pollutants Gathering data on the presence of pollutants (e.g. pesticides) in the soil, To be developed insect populations and plants Share of the agricultural landscape e.g. MonViA indicators on small structures and landscape elements In part still to be providing refuge areas for insects (index of areas reflecting landscape elements, index of edge density, developed quality of woody landscape features) and beneficial insects in refuge habitats

1.3 Dealing with alien species Invasive alien species The indicator states the number of invasive alien species newly introduced NBS indicator Available to Germany and the number of them becoming established and spreading, on the basis of the current list of invasive alien species under Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 with significant potential to threaten naturally occurring ecosystems, habitats or species. Non-native species The indicator assesses the introduction rates of non-native species in the Trend indicator for Available marine ecosystems of the North and Baltic Seas, which are recorded in descriptor (2) of the ports by means of standardised data gathering. The status of this indicator Marine Strategy in German marine waters will be deemed good if, based on the status quo Framework (the number of non-native species present at the beginning of the Directive reporting period), the introduction of new species has been reduced to no more than two species in six years (end of the reporting period). 94 Action area 2: Protected areas, connectivity and wilderness Name Description Category Status

2.1 Continuing the development of protected areas in Germany Protected areas In pursuit of the EU’s targets for protected areas, the existing indicator is NBS indicator Available; sub- to be expanded by sub-indicators in line with the notifications sent to the indicators to be European Commission, in particular to measure the quality objective and developed the oceans. Total area of nature conservation The indicator states the total area of nature conservation areas and NBS indicator; sub- Available areas and national parks on land national parks in Germany. For this purpose, the area of all terrestrial indicator nature conservation areas and national parks is calculated as a percentage of Germany’s land area. This is a continuation of the previous NBS indicator on protected areas. Proportion of total area that is The indicator quantifies the proportion of protected land and marine Sub-indicator for To be developed under protection areas that already meets the effective-management requirements of the terrestrial areas; European 30% protected areas target or the proportion of such areas for sub-indicator for which specific measures are being planned in order to qualify them for marine areas that category by 2030. Proportion of total area that is The indicator states what proportion of Germany’s total marine or Sub-indicator for To be developed under strict protection terrestrial area is under strict protection regimes and can already be terrestrial areas; counted at the EU level under the requirements for the EU’s strict- sub-indicator for protection target (the 10% target) or has specific measures planned to marine areas qualify it for that category by 2030.

2.2 Conserving and improving Natura 2000 habitats and species Conservation status of Habitats The indicator is an index value derived from assessments of the NBS indicator Available Directive habitats and species conservation status of habitats and species in Germany protected under the Habitats Directive. The data is drawn from the national Habitats 95 Directive reports, which contain the assessment results for the habitats set out in Annex I and the occurrence of animal and plant species listed in Annexes II, IV and V. Habitats Directive and Birds Based on the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive: To be developed on Directive reports Data on: the basis of available • the number of habitats and species for which the conservation data status has improved by one category or is at least displaying an improving trend •the number of habitats and species which no longer show an overall deteriorating trend (Habitats Directive) or a short-term deteriorating trend with regard to populations of bird species

2.3 Continuing the development of a functional biotope network Area proportion of the functional Indicator of the areas secured by the federal states for the network of To be developed biotope network biotopes

2.4 Developing and safeguarding more wilderness in Germany Increase in wilderness areas/areas To be examined and for undisturbed development of potentially to be nature developed Proportion of area for undisturbed On the basis of the yet to be completed further development of the NBS To be examined and development of nature in the 10% indicator on protected areas, this indicator is intended to depict the share potentially to be target for areas under strict of the 10% target for areas under strict protection that is fulfilled by areas developed protection for undisturbed development of nature 96 Action area 3: Restoration of ecosystems Name Description Category Status

3.1 Restoring ecosystems Areas where restoration measures Data on the areas where effective restoration measures have been To be developed (within have been conducted introduced the framework of the MonViA indicators on agri- MonViA indicators on the creation of special biotopes, mitigation of National Restoration environmental measures adverse effects and extensification of land use Plan) Supplementary; available Action area 4: Soil Name Description Category Status

4.1 Maintaining healthy soils Status of the earthworm The indicator will be available in 2025. It will serve as a component in In development community describing the biological quality of the soil according to soil type and with reference to its particular use (e.g. grassland, arable land, forests) and will allow the characterisation of deviations relative to the highest attainable status (e.g. “very good”, “good” or “moderate” status). Supplemented by the MonViA indicator on the diversity of earthworm communities 97 Status of soil mesofauna and The indicator is in development and will supplement the indicator on the To be examined and microorganisms status of the earthworm community to give a more comprehensive view potentially to be of soil biodiversity. It will require site-specific application taking account developed of differing climatic and pedological conditions, forms of management and land use and is intended to allow the characterisation of deviations relative to the highest attainable status (e.g. “very good”, “good” or “moderate” status). Supplemented by the MonViA indicator on the abundance, diversity and network structures of soil microorganisms Soil quality MonViA indicator on intensity of land use: Humus levels Available Degree of soil sealing The indicator depicts the percentage of soils that have been sealed and To be examined and changes in that percentage. The idea here is to examine the area of sealed potentially to be soils as a share of Germany’s total land area; other reference values may developed also be used. Using Copernicus data, changes in the degree of soil sealing can be reported on a continuous basis via the Federal Statistical Office. The indicator is also being discussed in the context of revising the German Sustainable Development Strategy, so it remains subject to possible amendment. A concrete proposal for an indicator for the Sustainable Development Strategy is expected by autumn 2024. The Federal Statistical Office and the German Environment Agency are currently working on an indicator design and engaging in joint consultation to that end.

4.2 Reducing the expansion of settlement and transport area Expansion of settlement and DNS indicator Available transport area 98 The indicator shows the average daily expansion of the area used for settlement and transport infrastructure in hectares per day. It allows conclusions to be drawn about, for example, impairments to biodiversity resulting from steadily increasing land use for settlements and transport. The aim is to reduce the expansion to less than 30 hectares per day by 2030, with a view to continuing on that road to achieve circular land-use management (net zero land take) by 2050. Density of settlements Taking 2000 as a base year, the indicator shows the development of DNS indicator Available population numbers per square kilometre of settlement or transport area, providing information about the efficiency of settlement land use. The aim is to at least maintain settlement density and even to increase building density where possible. Action area 5: Public awareness, involvement and participation Name Description Category Status

5.1 Raising awareness of biodiversity through education and communication Awareness of biodiversity Recast for 2021 NBS indicator Available The indicator reflects levels of awareness of biodiversity among the German-speaking resident population aged 18 or over and is informed by nature awareness studies conducted every two years. In light of how much needs to be done, the newly established monitoring element is focused on aspects of public motivation and on an evidence-based selection of psychological variables relating to motivation, namely perceived behavioural control, attitudes, social norms, social identity, 99 sense of connection with nature, and knowledge about the problems involved. The possibility of conducting another youth nature awareness study (along the same lines as the youth study flanking the environmental awareness study) and accordingly expanding the indicator to include the 14-17 age group is to be reviewed.

5.2 Ensuring participation, social justice and social diversity in nature conservation and encouraging volunteering for biodiversity conservation Awareness indicator Awareness indicator (see target 5.1 on raising awareness of biodiversity To be examined and through education and communication) – questions about collective potentially to be action developed The indicator records what proportion of respondents are actively involved in a nature conservation association and/or work with other people to help maintain a nature conservation area. German Survey on Volunteering The German Survey on Volunteering (Deutscher Freiwilligensurvey; FWS) To be examined gathers data on what proportion of the population are active and involved in environmental affairs, nature conservation and animal welfare in Germany. The FWS is a representative survey concerned with volunteering in Germany and aimed at individuals aged 14 and over. FWS data has been gathered five times to date: in 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019. 100 Action area 6: Digitalisation, data and research Name Description Category Status

6.1 Exploiting the opportunities of digitalisation Currently not measurable

6.2 Improving data pools and biodiversity monitoring Number, scope and subject matter Number, scope and subject matter (particularly number and scope of To be developed of planned nationwide monitoring species groups and habitats) of planned (i.e. preparations under way) and programmes implemented nationwide biodiversity monitoring programmes (good availability of data)

6.3 Research on biodiversity conservation Action area 7: Forests Name Description Category Status

7.1 Status of biodiversity in forests Species diversity and landscape Sub-indicator: Forests NBS indicator Available quality The indicator provides information on species diversity, landscape quality and sustainable use in forests in the form of an index (figures given as percentages) of nationwide populations of selected representative forest bird species. Conservation status of forest This sub-indicator to the indicator on the conservation status of habitats NBS indicator Available habitat types and species under and species covered by the Habitats Directive allows statements to be the EU Habitats Directive made about habitats and species which are listed in the Habitats Directive and depend on forests. 101 Forest insects The indicator on forest insects is informed by insect monitoring. Insect To be developed monitoring as currently implemented gathers suitable data to be collated and processed. Whether this will be a sub-indicator to an overall indicator is still under consideration. Status of forests Indicator on the status of forest ecosystems/biotopes based on a) To be ecosystems/biotopes a) ecosystem monitoring developed Ecosystem monitoring as currently implemented gathers suitable b) Available data to be collated and processed. Whether this will be a sub- c) Available indicator to an overall indicator is still under consideration. d) Available b) the National Forest Inventory e) To be c) the Forest Soil Survey examined and d) the Forest Condition Survey potentially to be e) use of remote sensing methods developed Proportion of semi-natural forests The National Forest Inventory gathers data at regular intervals on how Available in the total forest area close to natural the tree species composition of German forests is. Multi-layered forest comprising (see also target 7.2 on adapting forests to climate change) To be developed native tree species as a share of (available in part) total forest area Progress can be measured using an indicator which has yet to be developed. Relevant data is currently gathered by the National Forest Inventory and would need to be suitably collated and presented. The possible uses of remote sensing methods are to be reviewed. Indicator on quantity and diversity Data on this is collected by the National Forest Inventory and the Carbon To be developed of deadwood Inventory. (available in part) Graded margins as a share of all The possibility of developing an indicator involving remote sensing To be examined and forest margins methods is to be reviewed. potentially to be developed

7.2 Adapting forests to climate change 102 Endangered spruce stands The indicator gives information on the decline in the proportion of spruces DAS indicator Available in areas where cultivating them is associated with varying degrees of high risk as a result of climate change, in accordance with modelling based on the findings of the National Forest Inventory. Financial support for forest The indicator gives information about investments in the conversion of DAS indicator Available transformation forests and the size of the total area converted. Funding is provided from EU, Federal Government and federal state funds and from budgets for state-owned, collectively owned and private forests. Multi-layered forest comprising (see also target 7.1 on the status of biodiversity in forests) To be developed native tree species as a share of (available in part) total forest area Relevant data is currently gathered by the National Forest Inventory and would need to be suitably collated and presented. The possible uses of remote sensing methods are to be reviewed. Native deciduous tree species as a The Thünen Institute is to evaluate the possibility of blending these two To be developed share of total forest area; elements on the basis of National Forest Inventory data. (available in part) proportion of forests comprising more than two tree species

7.3 Increasing forest cover Monitoring the increase in forest Information on the increase in forest cover can be derived from the To be developed cover National Forest Inventory or greenhouse gas reporting.

7.4 Natural forest development (5% target) Area permanently set aside for Data relevant to the 5% target is available from NW-FVA, the northwest Available natural forest development as a German forestry research institute. It is essential that the data-collection share of Germany’s total forest and reporting structures be made permanent. area 103 Action area 8: Agricultural landscapes and food Name Description Category Status

8.1 Status of biodiversity in farmland Species diversity and landscape Sub-indicator: Farmland NBS indicator Available quality The sub-indicator provides information on species diversity, landscape quality and sustainability of agricultural land use in the form of an index (figures given as percentages) on the nationwide populations of selected representative farmland bird species. MonViA indicators on land use, intensity of land use, landscape elements and agri-environmental measures MonViA Available Conservation status of Habitats Sub-indicator: Conservation status of habitats and species dependent on NBS indicator Available Directive habitats and species or significantly influenced by agriculture (open farmland only, including historical forms of use) The sub-indicator allows statements to be made about Habitats Directive habitats and species the occurrence of which depends on certain low- intensity agricultural practices. Insects in agricultural landscapes The indicator on insects in agricultural landscapes is informed by insect To be developed monitoring. Insect monitoring as currently implemented gathers suitable data to be collated and processed. Whether this will be a sub-indicator to an overall indicator is still under consideration. Supplemented by the monitoring strategies specially developed for the agricultural sphere (MonViA indicators on the diversity of organisms, particularly pollinator monitoring: wild bees and honeybees, hoverflies) 104 Status of ecosystems/biotopes in The indicator on the status of ecosystems/biotopes in farmland is To be developed farmland informed by ecosystem monitoring. Ecosystem monitoring as currently implemented gathers suitable data to be collated and processed. Whether this will be a sub-indicator to an overall indicator is still under consideration. High nature value farmland (HNV The indicator provides information on high nature value (HNV) farmland NBS indicator Available indicator) as a share of total land used for agriculture.

8.2 Increasing the number of landscape features and structural elements Prevalence of structural elements A sub-indicator on structural elements is already available under the NBS indicator To be developed indicator on high nature value farmland (HNV indicator). The possibility of (available in part) incorporating additional elements is under consideration. Supplemented by the MonViA indicator on small structures and landscape elements

8.3 Fostering regional, diverse and climate-adapted food production To be examined and potentially developed on the basis of the following To be examined and data: potentially to be developed - Agricultural land - Arable land for producing animal feed - Arable land for producing renewable raw materials - Share of agricultural land for growing plant-based food - Permanent grassland as a share of total area - Development of livestock density - Development of share of land used for leguminous and non- leguminous protein crops - Number/proportion of cattle with access to pasture, differentiated by intended use (rearing of dairy cattle, dairy farming, rearing of beef cattle, calf fattening, cattle fattening) 105 - Pasture as a share of permanent grassland - Contribution of rural development programme measures to the development of regional value chains for sustainable products - Contribution of support for measures strengthening regional supply and value chains to developments in the distribution of regional and biodiversity-friendly plant-based foods - Share of agricultural land for growing plant-based food Indicators on the diversity and intensity of land use are reported on the In development basis of nationwide land-use data (remote sensing) and data from agricultural administration structures (IACS, agricultural statistics). Available MonViA indicators are also to be taken into account.

8.4 Availability of vegetables, fruit and legumes for sustainable and healthy nutrition Increase in consumption of plant- To be examined and potentially developed on the basis of the following To be developed based foods data: - Statistics; Allensbach Media Market Analysis; de.statista.com - National Nutrition Monitoring (developed as part of the Federal Government’s Food and Nutrition Strategy) - Increase in consumption of plant-based foods/decline in meat consumption (general statistics, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection) - Indicator on the plant-based share of public mass catering - MonViA indicator on crop diversity

8.5 Halving food waste 106 Quantity of food waste Quantity of food waste in Germany for all five domains of the food Available industry (primary production, processing, trade, hospitality and catering, and private households)

8.6 Expanding organic farming Organic farming The indicator provides information on the amount of land devoted to NBS indicator Available organic farming on farms subject to verification procedures under EU legislation on organic farming. It is calculated as a proportion of total agricultural land and includes both land fully converted to organic farming and land still in the process of conversion. Possible addition of a MonViA indicator giving information on the regional development of organically farmed land, differentiated by arable land, grassland, specialised crops, etc.

8.7 Reducing the use of plant protection products and the adverse effects of such use SYNOPS-TREND Possible indicator under the National Action Plan on the Sustainable Use DAS indicator Available of Pesticides Regular reviews should be conducted as to whether these indicators need to be added to or updated in order to reflect the envisaged reduction in the quantities of actually applied plant protection products and the associated risk. Crop-specific treatment index Crop-specific treatment index based on actual application data DAS indicator Available Regular reviews should be conducted as to whether these indicators need to be added to or updated in order to reflect the envisaged reduction in the quantities of actually applied plant protection products and the associated risk. 107 Plant protection product-free Plant protection product-free refuge areas based on the concept of refuge To be developed refuge areas areas (ha/year)

8.8 Nature- and eco-friendly fertilisation and animal husbandry Agricultural nitrogen surplus The indicator provides information on the development of agricultural NBS indicator Available nitrogen surpluses. This allows conclusions to be drawn about potential pressures on environmental media and habitats.

8.9 The precautionary principle in genetic engineering and synthetic biology Genetic engineering in agriculture The indicator records the total size of all cultivation areas of genetically NBS indicator Available modified plants in the location register for which authorisation for placing on the market for the purposes of commercial cultivation and release for experimental purposes have been granted. It provides information intended to aid in evaluating the scope and significance of developments in the application of genetic engineering in agriculture. Cultivation of genetically modified agricultural crops does not take place. Moreover, no genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been released in Germany since 2012. The indicator is suspended until further notice. Proportion of monitoring plans Proportion of monitoring plans for GMOs or GMOs products authorised To be examined and under Directive 2001/18/EC which address the monitoring of possible developed GMO exposure in the environment on a differentiated basis (losses during transport, spontaneous occurrence, outcrossings, etc.) GMO imports Quantity of GMOs and GMO products imported into Germany. The To be examined and indicator is based on the labelling obligations for GMO seeds and products potentially to be governed by Directive 2001/18/EC. Developing this indicator will mean developed examining to what extent relevant data can be collected and analysed (e.g. at the Federal Statistical Office). 108 Action area 9: Inland waters, floodplains and peatlands Name Description Category Status

9.1 Status of biodiversity in inland waters and floodplains Species diversity and landscape Sub-indicator: Inland waters NBS indicator Available quality The sub-indicator provides information on species diversity, landscape quality and sustainability of land use in the area of inland waters in the form of an index (figures given as percentages) on the nationwide populations of selected bird species representative of inland waters. Status of floodplains The indicator provides information on the status of floodplains as a NBS indicator Available habitat for plants and animals. It is calculated as an index value reflecting the condition of all floodplains the Status Report on Floodplains in Germany. The status of floodplains provides an overview of local morphological and hydrological conditions and the use of floodplains. These factors are key determinants of habitat quality for plants and animals in floodplains. Ecological status of surface waters The indicator calculates the proportion of surface waters – rivers, streams, NBS indicator Available lakes, transitional and coastal waters – with good or high ecological status as a percentage of all water bodies assessed. Under the Water Framework Directive, that water assessment is based on the organisms living in the water, as the composition of aquatic biotic communities reflects the totality of influencing factors for each water body type. Insects in water bodies The indicator on insects in water bodies is informed by insect monitoring. To be developed Insect monitoring as currently implemented gathers suitable data to be collated and processed. Whether this will be a sub-indicator to an overall indicator is still under consideration. 109 Nature restoration measures Number and scope of nature restoration measures implemented in To be examined pursuit of the objectives of the Water Framework Directive Biodiversity in small water bodies MonViA indicator on biodiversity in small water bodies: To be examined macrozoobenthos, biodiversity and habitat diversity, waterside vegetation

9.2 Continuity of watercourses Transverse structures Number of transverse structures dismantled or made passable again, To be developed primarily in the watercourses prioritised for restoring passability for migratory fish Increase in free-flowing stretches Quantitative increase in free-flowing stretches of river To be developed of river

9.3 Revitalising floodplains Loss of floodable areas according The Status Report on Floodplains in Germany charts the loss of floodable Available to the Status Report on areas in Germany’s floodplains. Floodplains in Germany Restoration of natural floodplains Based on the Status Report on Floodplains in Germany DAS indicator Available The indicator calculates the quantitative increase in natural floodable areas. Connecting them to their water bodies and restoring natural flooding dynamics creates new habitats valuable for the conservation of many rare and endangered animal and plant species and alluvial forests of significance to nature conservation. Land use for settlements in DAS sub-indicator To be examined officially designated flood plains

9.4 Restoring and protecting peatlands Conservation status of Habitats Sub-indicator: Peatlands NBS indicator Available Directive habitats and species 110 The sub-indicator permits statements to be made about habitats and species covered by the Habitats Directive whose occurrence depends on peatlands. Area of natural or near-natural The metric shows the area of natural or near-natural peatlands subject to To be developed peatlands protection. Threat to peatland biotope types The indicator reflects the level of threat to peatland biotope types and To be developed and species species (e.g. in profiles on species listed in connection with peatland habitat types under the Habitats Directive) on the basis of data from the Red List of Threatened Habitat Types and the Red List of Threatened Species. Proportion of peatland areas that The metric depicts the proportion of peatland areas that have been To be developed have been renatured renatured (as close as possible to a typical peatland water balance, additional restoration measures where appropriate, development as close to natural as possible without subsequent use, typical peatland ecosystem services restored). Action area 10: Coasts and seas Name Description Category Status

10.1 Status of biodiversity on coasts and in seas Species diversity and landscape Sub-indicator: Coasts and seas NBS indicator Available quality The sub-indicator provides information on species diversity, landscape quality and sustainability of use in the area of coasts and seas in the form of an index (figures given as percentages) on the nationwide populations of selected bird species representative of coasts and seas. 111 Good environmental status of In accordance with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Directive Available marine waters 2008/56/EC) Good conservation status under In accordance with the Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC) and the To be examined and the Natura 2000 directives EU Birds Directive (Directive 2009/147/EC), potentially additional potentially to be indicators based on marine monitoring data developed

10.2 Restoring coastal and marine habitats Area subject to restoration Area used for restoration measures To be examined and potentially to be developed Proportion of species and habitats Proportion of species and habitats on the national Red List that are no To be developed on the national Red List longer endangered or whose level of endangerment has improved Status of Habitats Directive Monitoring within the Natura 2000 framework and harmonised in line To be examined and habitats within marine protected with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive potentially to be areas developed Success of reintroduction and To be examined and population-support measures potentially to be developed Area and positioning of refuge and Area (as a percentage of total marine area) and positioning of refuge and To be examined and resting zones resting zones, including the endangered species and habitats occurring potentially to be within them developed

10.3 Nature-friendly use of the seas Share of sustainably fished stocks The indicator depicts sustainably managed fish stocks as a share of all the DNS indicator Available of fish in the North and Baltic Seas fish stocks subject to fisheries management in the North and Baltic Seas. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) approach is used for this. The aim of the indicator is to describe the progress made towards the target set in the Regulation on the Common Fisheries Policy, under which all 112 commercially exploited fish stocks must be sustainably managed using the MSY approach by 2020. Area of protected areas not To be examined and subject to (harmful) use potentially to be developed Intensity of shipping per km2 of Particularly within protected areas, refuge zones and resting areas To be developed marine area By-catch rates and mortality rates To be examined and of non-target species (fish, marine potentially to be mammals, sea birds) developed Action area 11: Cities, urban landscapes and other settlements Name Description Category Status

11.1 Status of biodiversity in cities and other settlements Species diversity and landscape Sub-indicator: Settlements NBS indicator Available quality The sub-indicator provides information on species diversity, landscape quality and sustainability of use in settlements in the form of an index (figures given as percentages) on the nationwide populations of selected bird species representative of settlements. Insects in settlements The indicator on insects in settlements is informed by insect monitoring. To be developed Insect monitoring as currently implemented gathers suitable data to be collated and processed. Whether this will be a sub-indicator to an overall indicator is still under consideration. Status of ecosystems/biotopes in The indicator on the status of ecosystems/biotopes in settlements is To be developed settlements informed by ecosystem monitoring. Ecosystem monitoring as currently 113 implemented gathers suitable data to be collated and processed. Whether this will be a sub-indicator to an overall indicator is still under consideration. Landscape quality and structural Structural diversity could be given in terms of structural elements such To be examined and diversity in settlements as hedges, solitary or groups of trees and tall herb fringe per area. The potentially to be indicator could be designed along the same lines as the sub-indicator on developed the prevalence of structural elements under the HNV indicator.

11.2 Greening cities and other settlements Accessibility of recreational green The indicator provides information on provision of green spaces within Available (being spaces in cities walking distance of people’s places of residence in German towns and revised) cities (≥ 20,000 inhabitants). It shows the proportion of inhabitants living ≤ 300 m straight-line distance from their nearest green space of ≥ 1 ha suitable for recreation. The indicator is currently being developed further. Supply of green spaces The indicator on the supply of green spaces provides information on the In development ratio of green spaces to total settlement area, thereby describing developments in the greening of the town or city as a whole.

11.3 Nature-based climate adaptation in cities and other settlements Urban tree canopy cover Indicator on tree canopy cover in urban areas (available at the EU level In development for most major German cities; currently being updated for Germany) (available at EU level) 114 Action area 12: High-altitude mountains Name Description Category Status

12.1 Status of biodiversity in high-altitude mountains Species diversity and landscape Sub-indicator: Alps NBS indicator Available quality The sub-indicator provides information on species diversity, landscape (Currently quality and sustainability of use in the Alps in the form of an index (figures suspended because given as percentages) on the nationwide populations of selected bird of insufficient data) species representative of the Alps. Action area 13: Climate change Name Description Category Status

13.1 Implementing Nature-based Solutions for climate and biodiversity Progress on Nature-based Indicators of progress on Nature-based Solutions (to be developed alongside In development Solutions for climate and the implementation of the Federal Action Plan on Nature-based Solutions for biodiversity Climate and Biodiversity)

13.2 Making climate policy nature-friendly and adapting nature conservation strategies to climate change Consideration of climate change in The indicator gives insights into how well these planning documents account DAS indicator Available landscape programmes and for the effects of climate change and what is consequently required of framework plans habitat and species conservation. Action area 14: Energy transition and raw materials Name Description Category Status

14.1 Nature-friendly expansion of renewable energy 115 Metrics based on the To be developed EEMonReport project Area for the production of To be examined and intensively farmed biomass potentially to be developed

14.2 Sustainable production and use of biomass Consumption of biotic primary Consumption of biotic primary materials, in total and split by sector and To be examined and materials type of use (including Nature-based Solutions for climate and potentially to be biodiversity), or demand for biotic primary materials by sector developed Feedstock in bioenergy heating To be examined and plants potentially to be developed

14.3 Nature-friendly extraction and use of biomass Raw material input productivity The indicator of raw material input productivity compares the value of all DNS indicator Available goods provided for final use (in euros, price-adjusted) relative to the mass of the raw materials used domestically and abroad for their production (in tonnes). Final use covers domestic consumption and domestic investments as well as exports. Additional metrics to be examined and potentially developed on the basis To be examined and of the following data: potentially to be developed - Primary materials from extraction and cultivation processes with great potential to endanger biodiversity as a share of total primary raw materials consumption (2023 REFOPLAN project) 116 - Indicators from the EU monitoring framework on the circular economy, e.g. circular material use rate47 - Indicators are being developed on the sustainable use of biomass and its impact on biodiversity and the environment (monitoring requirements set out in the implementation plan for the Bioeconomy Strategy). Action area 15: Substance inputs and other impairments to ecosystems Name Description Category Status

15.1 Reducing pollution with substances dangerous to the environment Achieving good chemical status in Achieving good chemical status in accordance with the Water Framework Available (currently accordance with the Water Directive by 2039 by upholding the environmental quality standards for under review/having Framework Directive various chemicals derived from Directive 2013/39/EU on priority more substances substances added)

15.2 Reducing the impact on ecosystems caused by nutrient inputs (nitrogen and phosphorus) Eutrophication of ecosystems The indicator provides information on impairments to biodiversity due to NBS and DNS Available ecosystem-specific critical loads for airborne eutrophying nitrogen inputs indicator being exceeded. These critical loads indicate the amount of a nutrient per area and time period that, according to current knowledge, can be deposited in a given ecosystem without causing damage in the long term. Ecological status of surface waters The indicator calculates the proportion of surface waters – rivers, streams, NBS indicator Available lakes, transitional and coastal waters – with good or high ecological status 47 https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/circular-economy/monitoring-framework 117 as a percentage of all water bodies assessed. Under the Water Framework Directive, that water assessment is based on the organisms living in the water, as the composition of aquatic biotic communities reflects the totality of influencing factors for each water body type. Agricultural nitrogen surplus The indicator provides information on the development of agricultural NBS and DNS Available nitrogen surpluses. This allows conclusions to be drawn about potential indicator pressures on environmental media and habitats. The indicator is calculated as an aggregate nitrogen balance for Germany as a whole. The degree of aggregation does not allow conclusions to be drawn on regional surpluses. Phosphorus in flowing waters The indicator specifies the share of monitoring points at which the water- German Sustainable Available body-typical benchmark values of good ecological status regarding Development phosphorus in flowing waters are not exceeded, according to the Strategy indicator Ordinance for the Protection of Surface Waters. The surveillance monitoring network is used, which comprises some 250 monitoring points across the country. The majority of monitoring points were installed in the main channels of major rivers and at the confluence of significant tributaries. Emissions indicator based on To be examined and nitrogen budget potentially to be developed

15.3 Reducing plastics in the environment Currently not measurable

15.4 Curbing light pollution Sky glow Sky glow e.g. with regard to a classification To be examined and potentially to be developed 118 Action area 16: The economy, financial flows and consumption Name Description Category Status

16.1 Value of natural capital Stock take of natural capital Existence of a stock take of natural capital with nationwide recording and Partly available; (physical) assessment of ecosystems and their services (physical). The data will be partly in recorded and successively expanded in the context of developing development ecosystem accounts at the Federal Statistical Office. (see development of ecosystem accounts at the Federal Statistical Office) National Welfare Index (NWI) The NWI is a welfare measurement tool that quantifies 20 economic, Available environmental and social components, assigns them monetary values and calculates their sum total. Its trend can be compared to gross domestic product (GDP), which is generally used to measure a society’s prosperity. Valuation of natural capital Existence of standardised methodologies and (monetary) cost rates for To be developed (monetary valuation of ecosystem valuing natural capital services)

16.2 Corporate responsibility for biodiversity and public procurement Number of corporate Number of corporate sustainability reports that include the companies’ To be developed sustainability reports (including effects on biodiversity in accordance with the European Sustainability (analysis of data in effects on biodiversity) Reporting Standards (ESRS) under the Corporate Sustainability Reporting the Federal Gazette Directive (CSRD), and number of businesses which set up transition plans on CSRD reports) for biodiversity in that context Public procurement: Biodiversity Biodiversity criteria incorporated into general administrative regulations In development criteria in general administrative regarding federal public procurement, which are harmonised with the regulations (federal level) 119 public procurement provisions of the Competition Act (Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen) on sustainability

16.3 Nature-friendly consumption Environmental footprint of Environmental footprint of Germany’s consumption reduced Available consumption

16.4 Biodiversity in the financial sector Currently not measurable

16.5 Public biodiversity financing in the strict sense Annual funding for biodiversity Amount of funding annually available in Germany for biodiversity48 Available Action area 17: Health Name Description Category Status

17.1 Services provided by nature that aid health and wellbeing Currently not measurable Action area 18: Tourism and sports Name Description Category Status

18.1 Nature-friendly tourism and sport Effects of tourism on biodiversity Tourism indicator relating to biodiversity issues In development 48 Data currently only available on federal funds, particularly budget chapter 1604/BMUV for nature conservation, funds for the Action Plan on Nature-based Solutions for Climate and Biodiversity within the Climate and Transformation Fund, and nature conservation funds under the Joint Task for the Improvement of Agricultural Structure and Coastal Protection 120 Partners of the national natural Number of partners of the national natural landscapes, broken down by To be examined and landscapes sector potentially to be developed Action area 19: Transport infrastructure and federally owned property Name Description Category Status

19.1 Ecological permeability of transport routes Habitat fragmentation The indicator on unfragmented functional spaces can be used to Available (to be systematically track progress at the federal level on reconnecting habitats updated) along the regional road network. It may be possible to extrapolate additional strategic requirements. Proportion of habitat networks that are dissected by major transport To be developed routes; account taken of parcelling together of two or more transport routes or of transport routes and photovoltaic systems Permeability of transport routes, with account taken of wildlife crossings To be developed and corridors to connect habitats and incorporating environmental design and secure connectivity for remote areas

19.2 Biodiversity conservation on federally owned property Programme of measures for a Monitoring of the programme of measures for a sustainable federal To be examined sustainable federal government government Action area 20: Germany’s contribution to global biodiversity conservation Name Description Category Status

20.1 Implementing and further developing international biodiversity agreements 121 Reporting on biodiversity-related Achievement of this target depends on reporting on biodiversity-related agreements agreements.

20.2 International support for biodiversity conservation Annual funding for international Annual funding for international biodiversity conservation based on CBD To be examined and biodiversity conservation and OECD reporting potentially to be developed

20.3 Global joint efforts to tackle biodiversity loss, climate change and pollution

20.4 Continuing to develop and implementing the Nagoya Protocol and the CBD multilateral mechanism for benefit-sharing from the use of digital sequence information on genetic resources Reporting on partnerships and Reporting on partnerships and projects put into practice, particularly on projects put into practice information and advice provided to researchers regarding access and benefit-sharing (ABS) obligations. No (reporting) obligations for science, research and business will be introduced or extended. Number of checkpoint Number of checkpoint communiqués published in the ABS Clearing-House communiqués by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. No (reporting) obligations for science, research and business will be introduced or extended.

20.5 Implementing the Cartagena Protocol National reports on Submission of national reports on implementation of the Cartagena To be examined and implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety potentially to be Protocol on Biosafety developed Action area 21: Responsibility for adverse effects of economic activity based on global division of labour Name Description Category Status

21.1 Mitigating the adverse effects on biodiversity of economic activity based on global division of labour Currently not measurable 122

21.2 International trade and sustainable use of species Only parts of this target are currently measurable, e.g. the volume of international trade in species protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Reporting obligations could allow for qualitative measurement of several parts of the target. 123 II Annex – contribution of NBS 2030 targets to implementation of the GBF under the CBD and the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 The matrix below sets out how the national targets in the NBS 2030 contribute to the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity and of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. National targets address only parts of the global or European agreements in question. EUBDS Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework NBS Section Section Goal Target Section 2. 2. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Target 1 3 4 A B C D E F A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I J K 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Vision X X X 2050

1.1 X X X X

1.2 X X

1.3 X X X X

2.1 X X X X

2.2 X X X

2.3 X X X X

2.4 X X X X X

3.1 X X X X X X

4.1 X X X X X

4.2 X X X

5.1 X X X X X X

5.2 X X X X X X X

6.1 X X X X X

6.2 X X X X X

6.3 X X X X X 124 EUBDS Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework NBS Section Section Goal Target Section 2. 2. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Target 1 3 4 A B C D E F A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I J K 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3

7.1 X X X X

7.2 X X X X X X

7.3 X X X X X X

7.4 X X X

8.1 X X X X X

8.2 X X X X

8.3 X X

8.4 X X

8.5 X X

8.6 X X X X X

8.7 X X X X

8.8 X X X X

8.9 X X

9.1 X X X X X X

9.2 X X X X X

9.3 X X X X

9.4 X X X X X X X X

10.1 X X X X X

10.2 X X X X X X

10.3 X X X X X X

11.1 X X X X

11.2 X X X X X

11.3 X X X X X 125 EUBDS Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework NBS Section Section Goal Target Section 2. 2. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Target 1 3 4 A B C D E F A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I J K 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3

12.1 X X X X

13.1 X X X X X X X

13.2 X X X

14.1 X

14.2 X X

14.3 X X

15.1 X X X X

15.2 X X X X X

15.3 X X X

15.4 X X X

16.1 X X X X

16.2 X X X X X

16.3 X X X X

16.4 X X X X X

16.5 X X X X

17.1 X X X X

18.1 X X X X

19.1 X X X

19.2 X X

20.1 X X X

20.2 X X X X X X X

20.3 X X X X X

20.4 X X X 126 EUBDS Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework NBS Section Section Goal Target Section 2. 2. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Target 1 3 4 A B C D E F A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I J K 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3

20.5 X X X

21.1 X X X X

21.2 X X X X X 127