Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Heavy Metals (Ratification) Law, 2004 (Law No. 38(ΙΙΙ)/2004)

E.E. U«Q. 1(111) AQ. 3852, 30.4.2004 3412 N. 38(111)/2004 0 j't£Qi 'tO\l Uro-tOXOAJ..01.l Tl); :Evµflo.«Jl); 'tO\l 1979 yta 'tl) Ata.µE80Qt«xiJ Pii:rt<J.V(Jl) 'tl); A'tp.tO(J(p«LQ«; (JE MEya.11') AltO<J'tO::(flJ a:rt6 B«QEU Mhal.).a (K\JQW't'LX6;) Noµo; 'tO\l 2004 Exbtbnm µ.E b11µo<JLEll<JfJ <1't1JV En:i<1f1PJ1l EqiT)µEQiba t11; Kun:vmxt1; A11µoxvada; (J1JJU.flWVa µE TO A~9QO 52 TO\l l:UV't«,Yµ«,:o;. AQL0µ6~ 38(111) tOU 2004 NOMOI KYPOTIKOI TOY nPnTOKOJ\J\.OY THI IYMBAIHI TOY 1979 flA TH A.IAME0OPIAKH PYnANI:H THI ATMOI:13>AIPAI: :EE MErA/\H AnOI:TAI:H Ano BAPEA METAMA LUVOlTTIKO<; rirAoc;. 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Apµ601a Apxf\ via TrtV e:q>apµoyf\ OTfl il11µ0Kparfa TWV 01ara~e::wv rou npwToK6Mou Eivai o Y11oupy6c; Epyaaiac; Kat KOIVWVIKWV AcrcpaA.icre:wv, ri OlTOIOOOrJlTOTE AEITOUpy6c; TOU UTTOupye:iOI..!, TOU OE6VTwc; E~OUO'IOOOTIWEVOS TTpoc; TOUTO arr6 rov YTToupy6. 3414 rnvaKa<; {Ap8po 3) Mfpo<; I PROTOCOL TO 1HE 1979 CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLITnON ON HEAVY METALS The Parties, Daerminul to implement the Convention on Long-range Tm1Sboundary Air Pollution, Conarnd hat emissions of certain heavy metals are transponed across national boundaries and may cause damage to ecosystems of enviromnelltal and economic importance and may have harmful effeCIS on human health, Con&idering hat combUSlion and industrial processes are the predominant anthropogenic s011rccs of emissicms of heavy metals into the atmosphere, Adinowltaging that heavy metals are natural constituents of the Earth's crust and that many heavy mews In cenain fonm and appropriate concentrations are essential to .life. Taking into amsideration existing scientific and technical data on the emissions, geochemical processes, atmospheric transport and effeas on human health and the environment of heavy metals, as wdl as on abatement u:chniques and mm, · AWIITe that tedmiques and management practic;es arc available t0 reduce air pollution caused by the emissions of heavy metals, Recogni&ing that countries in the region of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) have different economic conditioo:s, and that in certain counoies the economies arc in transition, Rtsolvtd to take measures to anticipate, prevent or minimise emissions of ceruin heavy metals and their related compounds, taking into account the application of the precautionaty approach, as set forth in principle 1 S of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. · lwlffeming that States have. in accordance with the Charter' of the United Nations and the principles of imemational law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to tho!ir own em'irnnmemal and development policies, and the responsibility ro ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage t0 the environment of otl,er States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Min~ful that measlll'es to control emissioRS of hea,·y metals "·ould also conmoure to the protection of the environment and human health in areas outside me UN/ECE regio:::. including the Arctic and imemational waters, Noting that abating the emissions of specific hea,')' metals may ?r<wide additi.:-nal benefits for the abatement of emissions of other pollutants, .Aware that further and more effective acrion to control and reduct e:nissions oi .:main heavy metals may be needed and thar; for example. effects-based studies may provide a basis for further action. Noting the important contribution of the private and non-govemm,::1,al sectors tc- knowledge of the effcas usociated with heavy metals, avaUable alternatives and abatement techniques. and their role in assisting io the reduction of emissions of heavy metals, Bearing in mind the activities related to the control of h~av:,• metal; at the natio::al level and in international forums, Have agretd as follows: Article I Definitions For the purposes of the present Protocol, 1. 'Convention' means the Convention on Long-range Trans boundary Air Pollution, adopted in Geneva on 13 November 1979 2. 'EMEP' means the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of long-range Transmission of Air Pollu tants in Europe 3. 'Executive Body' means the Executive Body for the Convention constituted under Article 10(1) of the Conven tion 4. 'Commission· means the United Nations -Economic Commission for Europe 5. 'Parties' means. unless the conten otherwise requirr.s. the Parties to the present Protocol 6. 'Geographical scope of EMEP' means the area defined m Article 1 (4) of the Protocol to the 19 79 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitopng and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission o'f Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP), adopted iD Geneva on 28 September 1984 7. "Heavy metals' means those metals or, in some cases, metalloids which are stable and have a density greater than 4,5 g/cm' and their compounds 8. 'Emission' means a release from a point or diffux sou~e into the atmosphere 9. 'Stationary sOW"Ce' means any ftxed building. structure, facility, installation, or equipment that c:zr.irs or may emit a heavy metal listed in Annex I directly or indirectly into the atmosphere. 10. 'New stationary source' means any stationary source of whidi the construction or substantial modification is conimenced after the expiry of two years from the date of entiy into force of. (i) tbi5 Protocol; or fil) an amendment to Annex I or 11, where the station.uy source becomes subject to the provisiOIIS of this Protocol only by virtue of ~1:u~:if~4i~~::~~~ne;(;~~~ substantial or not, taking into aCl'.Ount such factors as the environmental benefits of the modification 11. 'Major stationary source category' means any statiomuy source category that is listed in Annex 11 and that contri butes at least I % to a Party's total emissions from stationary sources of a heavy metal listed in Annex l for the reference year specified in accordance with Annex I. Article 2 Objective The objective of the present Protocol is to control emissions of heavy metals caused by anthropogenic activities that are subject to long-range transboundary atmospheric transport · and are likely to have significant adverse effects on human health or the environment, in accordance with the provisions of the following Articles. Article 3 Basic obligations 1. Each Party shall reduce its total annual emissions into the atmosphere of each of the heavy metals listed in Annex I from the level of the emission in the reference year set in accordance with that Annex by taking effective measures, appropriate to its panirnlar circumstances. 2. Each Party shall, no later than the timescales specified in Annex IV, apply; (a) the best available techniques, taking into consideration Annex III, to each new stationary source within a major stationary source category for which Annex III identifies best available teclmiqu=; (b) the limit values specified in Annex. V to each new stationary source within a major statiornuy source category. A Party •t.<1ay, as an altei.ati9e; apply diffaent--ffllission reduction strategies that achieve equivalent overall emission levels: 3415 (c) the best available techniques, taking into consideration Annex III, to each existing stationary source within a major stationary source categoiy for which Annex III identifies best available techniques. A Party may, as an alternative, apply different emission reduction mategics that achieve equivalent overall emission reductions; ·· • (d) the limit values specified in Annex V to ea~, existing srationauy source ,-~thin a major stationary source catego,y, in so far as this is technically and economically fcasi'blc. A Party may, as an alternative, apply different emission reduc tion strategies that achieve equivalent overall emission reductions. 3. Each· Party shall apply product control measures in accordance with the conditions and timescales spcdri.ed · in ·Annex VI. ~a,qr..shwl;l.:onsider applyingaa1f#~z:al, product management measures. taking into consideration Annex VIL 5. Each Party shall develop and maintain emission inven tories for the heavy metals listed in Annex I. for those Parties within the geographical scope of EMEP. using as a minimum the methodologies specified by the Steering Body of EMEP, and. for those Parties outside the geographical scope of EMEP, using as guidance the methodologies developed through the · work plan of the Executive Body. 6. A Party that, after applying paragraphs 2 and 3, cannot achieve the requirements of paragraph 1 for a heavy metal listed in Annex I. shall be =Pted from its obligations in paragraph l for that heavy metal. 7. Any Party whose to::.:! land area is greater than 6 000 000 km' shall be exempted from its obligations in para graphs 2(b), (c), and (d), if it c,n demonsn;ne that. no later than eight years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocoi it will have reduced i:s total annual emissions of each of the heavy metals listed in : nex I from the source catego ries specified in .'ulnex II b~· at least 50 % from the level of emissions from chese categories in the reference year specified in accordance "ith Annex I. A Party that intends to aa in accordance with this paragraph shall so specify upon signature of, or accession to, the present Protocol. Article 4 Exchange of information and tcclmology 1. The Parties shall, in a manner CDDSistcnt with their laws, regulations and practices, facilitate the exchange of technolo gies and techniques designed to n:ducc emissions of heavy metals, including but not limited to exchanges that encourage the development of produa management measures and the application of best available techniques, in particular by promoting: (a) the commerci:il exchange of available technology (b) direct industrial contaas and cooperatjon, includingjoint ventures (c) the exchange of information and experience and (d) the provision of technical assistance. 3416 2. In promoting the activities specified in paragraph I, the Parties shall create favourable conditions by facilitating contacts and cooperation among appropriate organisations and individ uals in the private and public sectors that are capable of providing technology, design and engineering services, equip ment or finance. Strategies,. policies, programmes and measures I. Each Party shall develop, without undue delay, strategies, policies and programmes to discharge its obligations under the present Protocol. 2. A Party may, in addition: · (a} ··apply economic insir!ftirent. ·ffi"!!fi'ebffi~ 'litt•ildvption' u-f cost-effective approaches to the reduction of heavy metal emissions (b) develop government/industry covenants and voluntary agreements (c) encourage the more efficient use of resources and raw materials (d) encourage the use of less polluting energy sources (e) take measures to develop and introduce less polluting transport systems (f) take measures to phase out certain heavy metal emitting processes where substitute processes are available on an industrial scale (g) take measures to develop and employ cleaner processes for the prevention and control ·of pollution. 3. The Parties may take more stringent measures than those required by the present Protocol. Article 6 Research, development and monitoring The Parties shall encourage research, development, monitoring and cooperation, primarily focusing on the heavy metals listed in Annex I, related, but not limited, to: (a) emissions, long-range transport and deposition levels and their modelling, existing levels in the biotic and abiotic environment, the formulation of procedures for harmo nising relevant methodologies (b) pollutant pathways and inventories in representative ecosystems (c) relevant effects on human health and the environment, including quantification of those effects {d) best available techniques and practices and emission control techniques currently employed by the Parties or under development (e) collection, recycling and, if necessary, disposal of products or wastes containing one or more heavy metals (f) methodologies permitting consideration of socioeconomic faaors in the evaluation of alternative control strategies (g) an effects-based approach which integrates appropriate infonnation. including infonnation obtained under subparagraphs (a) to (f), on measured or ·modell¢ environ mental levels, pathways, and effects on hurnan'4tealth and the environment, for the purpose of fonnulating future nntimic,a,cf rnntrnl .dr.ltl"'oir- 1- which ahm takl": intn ::l'f"rrmnt ~~-;;~;;;~ ;d-t~~~~l;gl~ f;ctors ··· ··· -··· ···· (h) alternatives to the use of heavy metals in products listed in Annexes VI and VII (i) gathering infonnation on levels of heavy metals in certain products, on the potential for emissions of those metals to o= during the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, and disposal of the product, and on tech nfqlie~~uee""siitlf'-~Tons'. Artidt 7 Reporting I. Subject to its laws governing the confidentiality of commercial information: (a) each Party shall report, through the Executive Secretary of the Commission. to the Executive Body, on a periodic basis as determined by the Parties meeting within the Executive Body, infonnation on the measures that it has taken to implement the present Protocol (b) each Party within the geographical scope of EMEP shall report, through the Executive Secretary of the Commission, to EMEP. on a periodic basis to be determined by the Steering Body of EMEP and approved by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body, information on the levels of emissions of the heavy metals listed in Annex I, using as a minimum the methodologies and the temporal and spatial resolution specified by th e Steering Body of EMEP. Parties in areas outside the geographical scope of EMEP shall make available similar infonnation to the Executive Body if requested to do so: In addition, each Party shall, as appro priate, collect and report relevant infonnation relating to its emissions of other heavy metals, raking into account the guidance on the methodologies and the temporal and spatial resolution of the Steering Body of EMEP and the Executive Body. 2. The information to be reported in accordance with para graph 1 (a) shall be in conformity with a decision ttgarding format and content to be adopted by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body. The terms of this decision shall be reviewed as necessary to· identify any additional elements regarding the format or the content of the information that is to be included in the reports. 3:--in-good--time-before'eielt-anaual-session of the Executive Body, EMEP shall provide infonnauon 011 the long-range trans port and deposition of heavy metals. · 3417 Anick 8 Calrulations EMEP shall, using appropriate models and measurements and in good time before each annual session of the Executi,•e Body, provide to the Executive Body calculations of transboundary fluxes and depositions of heavy metals within the geographical scope of EMEP. In areas outside the geographical scope of EMEP, models appropriate to the particular circumstances of Parties to the <;onvention shall be used. Article 9 Compliance Compliance by each Party with its obligations under the p~'tl'f Protocol shall be "'-"!e.,i,t<l>.;egm'rly:""fheimplementa" tinn rn~mirtPP Pct:ihlich/llrl hy n,..ricinn 1 QQ7/7 nf thP l=YPM1 tive Body at its 15th session shall carry out such reviews and report to the Parties meeting within the Executive Body in accordance with the terms of the Annex to that Decision, ;nrln~ing !:lny !'J"" 111ntlma11ntc- tl-.-Ptn Article 10 Reviews by the Parties at sessions of the Executive Body I. The Parties shall, at sessions of the Executi,·e Bodv, pursuant to Article l 0(2)(a), of the Convention, miew die information supplied by the Panie::, EMEP and other subsidiary bodies and the repom of the Implementation C0:nmirree referred to in Anicle 9 of the present Protocol. 2. The Parties shall, at sessions of the Executive Bo.:iy, keep under review the progress made towards meeting the obliga tions set out in the present Protocol. 3. The Parties shall, at sessions of the Executive Bod,·. re,iew the sufficiency and effectiveness of the obligations set out in the present Protocol. (a) Such reviews will take into account the best available scientific information on the effects of the deposition of heavy metals, assessments of technological developments, and changing economic conditions. (b) Such reviews will, in the light of the research, development, monitoring and cooperation undertaken under the present Protocol: (i) evaluate progress towards meeting the objecth·e of the present Protocol (ii) evaluate whether additional emission reductions beyond the levels required by this Protocol are vvarranted to reduce further the adverse effects on human health or the environment and (iii) take into account the extent to which a sa.tisfactol)' basis exists for the application of an effeas-based approach. (c) The procedures, methods and timing for such reviews shall be specified by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body. 4. Tne Parties shail, based on the conclusion oi the reviews referred to in pa.-agraph 3 and as soon as praaicable after completion of the review, develop a work plan on further steps to redu:e emissio::s into the atmosphere of the heavy metals listed in Annex l Ani:le 11 Settlement of disputes I. In the event of a dispute between any two or more Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the present .Protocol, the Parties concerned shall seek a settlement· of the. dispute through negotiation or any other. peaceful means . of their own choice The parties to the dispute shall inform the· Executive Body of their dispute. ~~~,or~g tp the" p-...... T 0,.....,,..,.,..,.,..,.,1 ...... '!It m;r ,.;m,.,. th-'!lh""", "!I P'!lry ~\.,~,..l,, :r- ,,.. ...... a regionai economic integration organisation may declare in a written instrument submitted to the Depositary that, in respect of any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Prc..roco!, it recognises one or both cf the following mean.s of disp,.1te settlement as compulsory ipso faao and without special agreement. in relation to any Pany accepting the 5ame 5>bligati,:,n: (a) sub::nission of the dispute to the International Coun of justice (b) arbitration in accordance uith procedures to be adopted by the Parties at ;: session of the Executive Bodv, as soon as pr;:.:ticable, in an annex on arliitration. , .'I. Parr: ,vhich is "' regional e~onomic im~gration organisation ma,· n:ake a decfa...tion \\ith like effect in relation to arbit.ra tio~ in accordance uith the procedures referred to in snbpara-· graph -:-\. 3. .'. declaration made under paragraph 2 shall remain in force □til it expires in accordance with its terms or until three ::iontl:s after \\'lit:en notice of its revocation has been depos ired v;-;d, the De;,ositary. !. . new decla.-ation, a notice of m•o;:ation or the expiry of a deck.-ation shaI not ·in an'" way affec. proceedings pending 'h.-fn,..,.. rh.- lnTPT"M::tinn:21 rnnrt nfJn-:tirr nr t'h.,- ::irhitr.:r.1 tMh1,,.,'l.1, unless the panics to the dispute agree otherwise. 5. facept in a case where the parties to a dispute have accepted the same means of dispute settlement under para graph 2, if after 12 months following.notification by one Party to another that a dispute exists betWeen them, the Parties concerned have not been able to settle their dispute through the means mentioned in paragraph 1, the dispute shall be submi1:ted, at the request of any of the panics to the dispute, to concilia.tio11 6. for the purpose of paragraph 5, a conciliation commis sion shall be created. The commission shall be composed of ~ual numbers of members appointed by each Party concerned or, where . the Parties in conciliation share the same interest, by the group sharing that interest, and a chairman chosen jointly 1,y-the-mcmbers-.se-~The mmroissi<m .shall render a recommendatory award, which the l'artics shall consider in good faith. 3418 Anick 12 Annexes The Annexes to the present Protocol shall form an integral part of the Protocol. Annexes Ill and VII are recommendatory in character. Artick 13 Amendments to the Protocol 1. Any Party may propose amendments to the present . Protocol. 2. Proposed amendments shall be submitted in writing to the Executive Secretary of the Commission, who shall commu nicate them to all Parties. The Parties meeting within the Execu tive Body shall discuss the proposed amendments at its next session, provided that the proposals have been circulated by the Executive Secretary to the Parties at least 90 days in advance. 3.· Amendments to the present Protocol and to Annexes I, II, IV, V and VI shall be adopted by consensus of the Parties present at a session of the Executive Body, and shall enter intQ force for the Parties which have accepted them on the 90th day after the date on which two thirds of the Parties have deposited with the Depositary their instruments of acceptance thereof. Amendments shall enter into force for any other Parry on the 90th day after the date ~n which -that Party has daposited its instrument of acceptance thereof. · 4. Amendments to Annexes Ill and VII shall be adopted by consensus of the Parties present at a session of the Executive Body. On the expiry of 90 days from the date of its communi cation to all Parties by the Executive Secretary of the Commis sion, an amendment to any such Annex shall become effective 'or those Parties which have not submitted to the Depositary a notification in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5, provided that at least 16 Parties have not submitted such a notiiication. 5. Any Party that is unaole to approve an amendment to Annex Ill or VII shall so notify the Depositary in writing within 90 days of the date of the communication of its adoption. The Depositary shall without delay notify all Parties of any such notification received. A Party may at any time substitute an acceptance for its previous notification and, on deposit of ari instroment of acceptance with the Depositary, the amendment to such an Annex shall become effective for that Party. 6. In the case of a proposal to amend Annex I. VJ or VI1 by adding a heavy metal, a product control measure or a product or product group to the present Protocol: (a) the-proposer-shall provide-the Executive Body with the information specified in Executive Body Decision 1998/1, including· any amendments thereto and (b) the Parties shall evaluate the proposal in accordance ·with .,.1-... p .. .,..,....,A,....,. .. ,,..,. fn..-th ;n J;y.,ruriu• Rnrly n.rir,in,... 1 oo "'/ 1, induding any amendments thereto. 7. Any decision to amend Executive Body Decision 1998/1 shall be taken by consensus of the Parties meeting within the Executive Body and shall take effect 60 days after tgC date of adoption. ~ Artick 14 Signature 1. lbe present Protocol shall be open for · signature at Aarhus (Denmarkj from 24 to 25 June 1998, then at United Nations Headquaners in New York until 21 December 1998 by States members of the Commission as well as States having consultithie staiudvilli•thrtfumnisslon -pll!'S'=ino-par.igraph 8 of Economic and Social COllllcil Resolution 36 (JV) of 28 March 1947, and by regional economic integration organ isations, constinned by sovereign States membm of the Commission, which have competence in tespcct of the nego tiation. conclusion and application of international aj?l'Cements in matters covered by the Protocol. pro,'ided that the States and organisations concerned arc Parties to the Convention. 2. In matters "'ithin their competence, such regional economic integration otganisations shall, on their own behalf, exercise the rights and fulfil the responsibilitic:: which the present Protocol attributes to their member States. In such cases, the membe: States of these organisations shall not be entitled to exercbc such rights individually. Article 15 Ratification. acceptance. approval and accession 1. lbe present Protocol shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by Signatories. 2. The prcsenr Protocol shall be open for accession as from 21 December l 99S by the States and organisations that meet the requirements of Article 14(1). Article 16 Depositary The instruments of ratification, acceptance. approval or acces sion shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. who will perform the funaions of DepositaJy. Artick 17 Entry into force I. The present Protocol shall enter into force on the 90th day following the date on which the 16th instrument.of iatill cation, acceptance. approval or accession has been deposited with the Depositary. 3419 2. For each State and organisation referred to in Article 14(1), which ratifies, accepts or approves the present Protocol or accedes thereto after the deposit of the 16th instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Protocol shall enter into force on the 90th day following the date of deposit by such Party of its instrument of ratification, accep tance, approval or accession. Article 18 Withdrawal At any time after five years from the date on which the present Protocol has come into force with respect to a Party, that Party may withdraw from it by giving written notification to the Depositary. Any such withdrawal shall take effect on the 90th day following the date of its receipt by the Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of the withdrawal. Anidt 19 Authentic texts The original of the present Protocol, of which die. English, French and Russian tens arc equally authentic, shall be depos ited with the Seactary-Gcneral of the United Nations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorised thcrew, have signed the present Protocol. Done at .Aamus (Denmark), this twenty-fourth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-cighL 3420 ANNEX I Heavy metals referred to in Article 3(1) and the reference yezr for the obligation Cadmium (Cd) Lead (Pb) Mereu .. ry,' {Hg) ~Jr..ial 1990: or an alternative year from 1985 to 1995 inclllST"e. specified by a Party on ratification. acc.eptance, approval or accession 1990; or an alteruative year from 1985 to 1995 iDclush>e. specifled by a Party on ratification. acceptance, approval or accession , 100n; rw· ~ ~lt~~--:f"• ~-102$ •A 100-: h'lrl~~ ~,.,:, 1-.y, 'Pst1y m1 ~A,.,,;nn , acceptance, approval· of accession.: 3421 ANNEX U Sutionary source categories I. INTRODUCTION 1. Installations or pans of inStallations for research, developmeot and the testing of new produas and processes arc not covered by this Annex. · 2. The threshold values given below generally refer to production capacities or output Where one operator carries out several activities falling under the same subheading at the same installation or the same site, the capacities of such activities are added together. IL UST OF CATEGORIES Categmy Description of the c:a1egoiy 1 ·coniliusooii mstaifaoons wiffiTna'n~tl"dieix=linput exr:amug 30 MW 2 Metal ore fmdu.ding sulphide ore) or concenuate roasting or sintering installations with a capacity exceeding 150 tonnes of sinter per day for fmous ore or concentrate. and 30 tonnes of sinter per day for the roasting of copper, lead or zinc. or any gold and mm:ury ore tre.atment 3 Installations for the production of pig-iron or steel (prinwy or secondary fusion, including electric arc furnaces) including continuous casting, "-ith a capaci:y exceeding 2,5 tonnes per hour 4 Ferrous meral foundries with a produdi~n capacity exettding 20 tonnes per day 5 Installations for the production of copper, lead and zinc from ore, concentrates or secondary raw material~ by metallurgical processes with a capacity exceeJing 30 tonnes of metal per day for primary installations and ~ 5 connes of metal p.:r day for so:ondary installations, or for any primary production of mer.:ury 6 lnsral1ations for the smelting (refining, foundr:, :a.sting. ere.' :ncluding the allo)':ing, of copper, lead and zinc, including ~ecovered products, with ~ ::ielting ca.p;.;:::y exceeding 4 tonnes per day for lead or 2 0 tonnes per .:ia~· for copper and zin,: 7 Installations for the production of cemem ,:;,inker in ro:;.ry kilns ";th a production capacity exceeding 500 tonnes per day or in other furr.~=es with a r:-oducrion capacity exceeding 50 tonnes per day 8 Installations for the manufacture of glass :!Sing lead in the proce5$ with a melting capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day 9 Installations for chlor-alkali production by eiectrolysis u.s<.ng the mercury cell process 10 Installations for the incineration of bazardoll5 or medical "-.me with a capacity exceeding 1 tonne per hour, or for the coincineration of hazardous or medi~ waste specified in accordance with national legislation 11 Installations for the incineration of municipal waste with • capacity exceeding 3 tonnes per hour. or for the coincineration of municipal wasre specified i!: accordance with national legislation 3422 ANNEX 111 Best available techniques for controlling emissions of heavy metzls and !heir compounds from the source categories listed in Anna II L INTRODUCTION 1. This Annex aims to provide Parties with guidance on identifying best available techniques for stationaiy sources to enable them to meet the obligations of the Protocol · i. 'Best availabie· techniques' (BAT) means the most dfective and advanced sage in. the devdopmmt of aaivitics and their methods of opcnuon which indica~ the practical suiQbility of paticu1ar to:bniques . for pioviding in principle the basis for emission limit values designed to p=t and, where that is not practicable, generally to :~~~,.~~~.l~c! their impact on ~~ei.: .~~~~,H~ .. ~,, ~~~, . . """". 'techniques' includes both the teclmoiogy used and the v:a.y in which the installation is-designed, btiifr. maintained, Operated and decommissioned, 'available' teclmiques means those developed on a scale which allov:s impleme:imion in the rele-1'allt industrial sector, under economically and technic.ally viable conditions. taking into consideration the costS and advantaJ?eS, whether or not the techniQues are used or produced inside the tmitOI'}' of the Party in question, as -long as they are reasonably accessi1>1e to me operator, . . 'best' means most cffeaive in achieving a high general lei·el of proteaion of the e:ivironment as a whole. In determining the best available techniques, special considm!ion should bt given, genruy or in specific cases, to the factors below, bearing in mind the h"kely costs and benefits of a me:...<ure and the principles oi precaution and prevention: · the use of low-waste technology, the use of Jess hazan::lous substances, the furthering of recovery and recycling of substances g:e!'lerated ar..: ::.sed in th~ process a:1i of wasre. comparable processes, facilities or methods of operation "-:-J.:h have t>::: tried witn success on an indusuial scale, technological advances and changes in scientific knowlc:-.:.ge and un.::..--standing, the nature, effects and volume of the emissioc'.s conc~ed. the commissioning dates for new or existing installatim:s. the time needed to introduce the best available techniq-::e. the consumption and narure of raw materials {including "'lter) used ii: :he process .,.,d its energy efficiency. the need to prevent or reduce to a minimum the overall impact of the cissions on fr1e envirODillem and the risks to it, the need to prevent accidents and to minimise their consequences :or the environment. The concept of best available techniques is not aimed ar the prescription oi .ny specifi, ,e,;hnique or technology, but at raking into account the technical characteristics of the i.I:stallation co::i.:emcd, it!< geographical location and the local environmental conditions. 3. The information regarding emission control performance and coru is b2..<.cd on official documenation of the Executive Body and its subsidiary bodies, in particular docu:ncnts receive: a.nd reviev.·ed by the Task Force on Heavy Metal Emissions and the Ad Hoc Preparatory Working Group oo Heavy Metals. Furthermore, other international information on best available rechniques for emission control has been taken into consideration (e.g. the European Community's technical notes on BAT, the Parcom reco=endations for BAT, and information provided directly by ~ms). 4. Experience with new products and new plants incorporating loi,,;•-emiS-'ion techniques, as well as with the retro-fitting of existing plants, is growing continuously; this Annex may, mereforc, need amending md updating. 5. The Annex lists a number of measures spanning a range of CCl5tS '!Id effic:ialdes. The choice of measures for any panicular case will depend on, and may be limited by, a number of &aors, such as ecoaamic dralmStances, technological infrastructure, any existing emission control device, safety. mergy consumption and whether the source is a new or existing one. 3423 6. This Anne,;: takes into account the emissions of admiwn, lead and mcrcmy and their compounds. iri solid (particle-bound) and/or gaseous form. Spedflcatiou of these compounds is, in general. not consid~ here. Nevertheless, the efficiency of emission control deYi= with regard to the p~ properties of w heavy metal, especially in the case of mercury, has been take2l into account 7. Emission values expressed as mg/m' refer to standa..i conditions (volume at 2.73,15 R, 101,3 kPa, my gas) not corrected for oxygen content unless otherwise specmed. and are alculated m accordance with draft CEN (Comite europeen de normalisation) and, in some Case$, mtional sampling and monitoring tedmiques. ll. GENERAL OMlONS FOR REDUGNG EMISSIONS OF HEAVY METALS AND 1HEIR COMPOUNDS 8. There are several possioilities for controlling or pn,mting heavy metal emis:sions. Emission reduction measures · focus on add:-OD technologies and process modilkmons (including mairn:maua and operating control). The foDowing measures. which may be implemented dq,ending on 1he wider tcdmical md/or economic CODditions, are available: ~cauon,,.aiJow-emission pr= -~m. p~---iIHlell"· installations (b) off--gas cleaning (secondary reduction measures) with filtm. scrubbers, absorbers, ttc. (c) change or preparation of raw materials, fuels andfor other feed materials {e.g. use of raw materials with low heavy metal content) (d) best management practices such as good hom;d;ttping, p=tive maintenance programmes, or primary measures such as the enclosure of dusc-creatmg unirs (e) appropriate environmental management te.:hnicp,es for the use and disp..~ of certaiI: productS containing Cd, Pb. and/or Hg. 9. It is necessary to monitor abatement procedures t◊ ensure that ~propriate rnntrol mea.-=s and practices are properly implememed and achieve an effective r-,ission red~.:tion. Moni:oring abar=ent procedures will include: (a) developing a.11 invemory of those re<luctic,n me.;s,.rres idem::.:~~ above ::-.. : hat"e alrC£.:~- been implemented (b) comparing actual reductions in Cd. pt, and r.; emi$sion~ i.ith the o:-'e...,h-es of t.ie Prot0col (c) characterising quantified t!missions of Cci. Pb ud Hg fron: relevant icr.i.-..:es with ,?propriate ce:hniques (d) regulatory authorities periodically auditing abat=ent :nea.<u."-es to enSUrt their contin~ efficient c,peration. 10. Emission reduction measures should be cost--dikie::. Cost-efficimc srrategy ;onsidentio:::s should be based on total coru per year per unit abated (lndudlng capital and operating costS). E:::nission redu-:ion costs should also be considered "ith respeet to the overall p:roc= III. CONTROL TECHNIQUES 11. The major categories of available control teclmique!: for Cd, Pb md Hg emission abatcmein an: primary measures such as raw material and/or fud substirution and low.anission prouss technologies, an.i SCCODCWJ' measures such as fugitive emission control and off-gas cleaning. Seaor--specilk techlliques are specified in Oiapter IV. 12. The data on efficiency are derived from operatiDg experience and are considered to reflect the capabilities of current installations. Toe overall efficiency of flue ga.s and fugitiTe emission reduaions depends to a grm enem on the evacuation performance of the gu and dmt collcaors (e.g. suction hoods~ Caprurc,colleaion dBclencics of over 99 " have been demonstrated. In particular~ cxperimce has shOTD that conirol measures are al,]e to reduce overall emissions by 90 % or more. 13. In the case of particle-bound emissions of Cd, Pb :and Hg, the metals can be captured by dust-cleaning devices. Typical dust conr.entrations after gas deaning with selected uchniques are given in Tmle I. Most c:i these measures ha'i'e generally been applied across seaois. Toe minimum expecta! perfonnma ef selecml ta:bniques for capturing gaseous merony is outlined in Table 2. The appliation of thl!s:e measures depends 011 the specmc processes and is most relevant if concentrations of mercwy in the flue gas arc high 3424 Table I: Paformana of dusl-dG..~.:rig dClm ~ as lwwt· 11\'C":gt dust con..."7ttTations Fabric filters Fabric filters, memhr:ane type D:iy el=astatic precipitators W er dectrosta.tic precipitators High-efficiency scrubbers D-.:st con=itratiom ~ deanmg (mgfm') < IO < 1 < 50 < 50 <50 Norr:: Medium- and low-pressure scrubbers fflCl cyckmes generally show lower dust removal efficiencies. Sdeniurn filter Selenium scrubber Carbon filter Carbon injection + dust separam~ Odda Norzink chloride process Lead sulphide process Bolkem (Thiosulphate) process Mercw,- content after clwiiDg (Ellg/m') <0,01 <0.2 < 0.01 <0,05 <0.1 <0.05 < 0.1 14. Care should be taken to ensure mat these wntrol tech:tiques do·n~ create Otll"'.I emironmental prob)=. The choice oi a specific process be.:ause of its i;:,w emissic-::: into the ..::- should bt avoided if it wo:-sens tile total environmental impact of the heavy metals' discharge. 'ior e.<tamp}:; due to m.:-.e w;.cer pollution fr= liquid effiuents. The fare of captured dl!Sl resulting from imp,,wed glS cle..ning must .tlso be r.ako:. into consid=tion. A negative environmental impac: from the handling of s-..1ch wasi:C!' •ill reduce ire gain from lower process dUSt and fume emissions into the ~ 15. Emission reduction measures = focus on :,rocess te.:.:miques as -..-ell as on o::I-gas cleaning. The two ... -e nO': ind~pendenr of each other; the choice oi a specific process mipt exclude s.vme gas-cleaning metboos. 16. The choice of a control tedu:ique will depend on ;,..tch paramt:ers as the pollutant coocenmtion and/or specification in the raw gas, the gas volwne flow, tJ-.e gas temr=rure. and others. Therefore, the fields of application may overlap; in that .:ase, the mosr appropriate rechniq,.z-e must be ~ected accon:ling to case-speci.,.: conditions. 17. Adequat~ measures to reduce =ck gas emi.<sions in va..~ous sector!' are descn"bt-.i below. Fugitive emissioIIS have to be taken into account. Dust emission control associlrcd "ith tht ;il, <cha.rging. bandling, and stockpiling of raw materials or by-products, although nm rel<!l·anr to iong-:-ange ::ansport, o::ay be important for the local environment. The emissions r.an be reduced by moving these ac;ti\ities to completely enclosed buildiJll?s. which may bt equipped with ventilation and dedusting facilities. spray systems or other suitable controls. When stockpiling in unroofed areas, the material surface should be othen>.ise prottaed against wind entrainment. Stockpiling areas and roads should be kept clean. 18. The· investment/cost figures listed in the tables hat'!! been colle.:ted from Tarious somces fflCl an: highl:y case-specific. They are upressed in 1990 USO {USO 1 {1990) = ECU 0,8 {1990)), They depend on such &ams as plant capacity, removal efficieocy and raw gas concentration. type of technology, and the choice of new installations as opposed 10 rc."!"0-fitting. IV. SECTORS 19. This chapter c.ontains a ub~ se.::ten:.3litb main CDm$ion soun:es. comroI masurcs bised ou the best available techniques,. their specific reduction cffk:ieocy and the related . COS!S, where available. Unless stated otherwise. the reduction efficiencies in the tables refer to direa stack gas emissions. 3425 Combustion of fossil fuels in uriby and idusrrial r-oilers (Annex n, categoiy I) 20. The combustion of coal in utility and industrial b(rller.; is a ma,ior source of anthropogenic mercury emissions. The heavy metal content is normally .several ordeis of magmrude higher i:! coal than in oil or natural gas. 21. Improved energy conversion efficiency and energy conservation measures will result in a dtdine in the ~ions of heavy metals because of reduced fuel requiremots. Combuscing natural gas or alternative fuels with a low heavy metal content instead of coal wocld also TCSU!, in a signm.:ant reduction in heavy metal emissions such as mercury. Integrated gasification combilled-cyde (JGCQ power plant technology is a new plant technology with a low-emission potential. 22. With the exception of memiry, heary metals aJe emitted in solid form in association 11irh fly-ash particles. Different coal combustion technologies show dilfercm magnitudes of fly-ash ge:oeration: grate-firing boilers 20 to 40 %: fluidised-bed combustion 15 %; dry bottom boilers (pulver.sed coal combustion) 70 to I 00 % of total ash. The heavy metal content in the small particle size fraction of the flv--asb has been f01D1d to be higher. 23. Benefidation, for example 'washing' or 'bio-treatmmt', of coal :reduces the hmvy mew content associated with the inorganic matter in the coal. However, the degn:e of heavy metal removal with this technology varies widely. 24. A rotal dust removal of more than 99,5 % can be obwned with electrostatic precipitarors (ESP) ot fabric filters (FF), achieving dust concentrations of about 20 mgfm' in mmy cases. With the exception of mercmy, heavy metal emissions can be reduced by at least 90 to 99 %, the lov.•e: figure for the more easily volatilised elements. Low filter temperature heips to redu~ the gaseous rnercUiy off-gas content. 25. The application of techniques to reduce emissions o; nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and particulates from the flue gas can also remove heavy metals. fossihle cross media impao: should be a~•oided by appropriate waste water treatment. 26. Using the teclm1ques mentioned above. ::::iercury =o,.iJ efficien~es vary ~=sively from plant ro plant, as seen in Table 3. Research is ongoing to de>•elop mercu.--:, removal te.:hniques, bUI '1lltil such tee.hniques are available on an industrial scale, no best availabie technique :s identified for the specific purpose oi removing mercwy. Emission source Comroi ;::u,ur,,s) Reci-.::::1on efficien:,· 4.::-ati:mcm cosu (%) Combustion of fuel S"irch fuel fl~ to gas Cd, P:- Highly c.:.<e-specific oil Hg: -c--S0 Combustion of coal Switch fron: .:oa.l [O f.:d.1 Dusr -o-100 Highly ~e-specific "·ith lower ;Jea\:· mt:.Js emissions ESP {cold-sidt Cd, F':-: > 90 Specific investment USO 5 Hg: l('-40 10/ml wa.,te gas per hour (> 200 000 m'/h) Wet fuel-gas oesulphurisarion Cd, Pi-: > 90 15-30/Mg waste (FGD)(a) Hg: 1MO(b) Fabric filrers 1FF) Cd: > 95 Specific investment USD 8 Pb: > 99 15. USDfm3 Waste gas per Hg: 10-60 hour (> 200 000 rn'/h) (a) Hg removal efficiencies inc-ease with me proportion of ionic mam:y. High-dUSt sdectivc catalytic reduaim (SO) installa lioas facilitate- Hg'(ll) ·Jormarion. (b) This ls primuily for SOr Reduction in bcaY)• mew cmi.5sions is I side benefit. {Specific investment USD 60-250 USO/kW J Primary iron and steel industry (Annex IL category 2) 3426 27. This section dea1s with emissions from sinter plants. pellet plams. bla.-tt furmc:es. and melworb 'lll'idl a basic OX)1Cll furnace (BOF). Emissions of Cd. Pb and Hg occur in association witi: particulatcS. Toe comm of the heavy metals of conce...YD in the emitted dust dcper.ds cm t'1c ccmpesa91:ion cf rl:ie ra"· mwrials and tb-e typeS cf alloying mews added in steelmalting. The mosi ~ emission. reduction measures are out1incd in Table 4. Fabric filtm should be used whenever possi'blc if conditions make this impOSSiblc, elearostatic precipitators and/or high-efficiency scrubbers may be used. 2 8. When using BAT in the primary iron and steel indumy, the total specific emis'sion of dUSt dircctly re1md to the proctss an be reduced to the following lel'm: Sinter plams Pcllet . p)m,ts "Blast furnace !!OF.. 40 to 120 g/Mg ,4() g/Mg 35750 g/Mg •29,, fiµ-mill&()n,Q~:i.ising fabric filtm will.~~~tt:llt tO.~ tmn20. mg/m~.-'iJeteaS e!earostatic prccipitators and scrubbers will reduce the dusd:onioi!' tti'"su'¥mflm!-(z"s' ;arb.nifl~~!!r;'lff!fe-•· many applications of fabric 6lter5 in the primary iron and stCl:l mdU$Uy dat an acbi~ much Iowa- values. Table 4: .Emission soura:s, amuol lllt4SUTtS, dust nduaion ~ and r.ost. fur the primmy iron an4 sut3 industry Dm:: reduaiou Abm:mcittoSIS Emissi011 source Control mUS!ft{s) clidmcy (tom com USD) ~ Sinter plants Emission optimised sini:eriI:g ;:;.. 50 Scrubbers and ESP > 90 Fabric filters > 99 i l Pellet planes ESP + lime reactor + i.i!'ric > 99 i -I filters I Scrubbers > 95 ; Blast furnaces FF/ESP > 99 I :SP: 0.24-i ~lg pig-iron Blast furnace gas Wet scrubbers > 99 cleaning ! Wet ESP > 99 BOF Primal)' dedusting: Wet sepa- > 99 Dry ESP: ~:!;/Mg St~ racor ESPfFF Secondary dedusting: dry ESP/Ff > 97 i FT: 0,26{Mg sted ~ emissions Oosed conveyor belts, mclo- S0-99 sure: wetting storm feedstock. cleming of reads 30. Direct reduction and direct smelting are under development and may reduce the need for sinter pJams md blast furnaces· in the future. The application of these technologies depends on the ore charaamstic:s and requires the resulting produa to be processed in an electric arc furnace, which should ~ equipped with appropriate controls. Secondary iron and steel industry {Annex n, carego:ry 3) 3427 31. It is ve:ry important to capture all the emissions efficiCDdy. That is pomble by rnsr:alHng doghouses or monble hoods or by total building evacuation. The captured emissions must oe deaned. For all dust-emitting processes in the seconda:ry iron and steel industry, dcdusting in fa1'ric filrers, which reduces the dust content to less than 20 mg/m', shall be considered as BAT. \\'ilen B.·\T is l!SCd also for minimising fugitil'C emissions, the specific dust emission (including fugitive emission direcdy relaied to the process) will not exceed the range of 0, 1 to 0,35 kg(Mg steel. There are many exampl~ of clean gu dusr content below 10 mg/ms when fabric filters are used The specific dust emission in such ~ is normally belcr,: 0,1 l..g/}.!g. 32. For the melting of scrap, two different typeS of furnace are in use: open-heanh furnaces and electric arc furnaces ~f} where open-hearth furn~ m about to be phased out EmiJsion source EAF Iron foundaries (Annex II, category 4) Comrol~s) ESP FF Dos: reduclioll effiticnc:y Abatement com ("l (mtal costs USD) > 99 > 99,5 FF: 24/Mgsted 34. It is very important to capture all the emi~ions efficic:i~-. That is ?Ossible by :::5talling · dog:i.ouses or m(wable hoods or by total building el'acuation. ::ie ,:a?mrec emissions :::tust be ci~ed. i:: iror. iound.;es, C'.!pola furnaces, electric arc furnaces and induai,:,n fur.laces: .;. -e opera.tee. Direct pa.-;:::tlate and ga.~us heavy metal emissions are especially associated with :nelting and sometimes. ro a smaTI extem. with pouring. Fugitive emissions arise from raw material handling. melting. J'l."':i.-ing and f~ing. The :::osr relevant emission reduction measures are outlined in table 6 with the:. achiC\-abk reduction efficiencies ui cos::5, where a\·ailable. These measures can reduce dust concentrations to 20 mgrn;. or less. Table 6: Emis.rum SOUTCtS, control mtaslll'eS, Just rduai.,in ejf.dmdt:5 ;Jn4 costs 1cr UQII faundri,:s Emission $0tm'.C Control m=.ire(s) Dust reduction cflkimcy Abatement com {'\1 (total .:0$1S USO) EAF ESP > 09 FF > 99.; FF: 24/'Mg iron Induction furnace FF/d:ry absorptiot: + FT > 99 Cold blast cupola Bdow-the-door uke-off: FF > 98 Above-thMoor me-off FF + pre-dedusting >97 8-i l{Mg iroil FT + chemisorption > 99 45/Mg iron I Hot blast cupola ·FF+ pre-dedusting .> 99 23/Mg iron Disintegraterfveotwi >97 saubbcr 3428 35. The iron fowidry indusuy comprises a voy wide range of process sites. i=or existing SIDaller installations, the measures listed may not be BAT if they are no: economically viable. Primary and secondary non-ferrous metal industry (annex IT, categories 5 and 6j 36. This section deals wirh emissions and emission control of Cd. Pb and Hg in the primacy and secondary production of non-ferrous metals like lead, copper, tine, tin and nic:ka Due to the large number of different raw materials used and the various processes applied, oearly all kinds of heavy metals and huvy metal compounds might be emitted from this sector. Given the ht.avy metals of c:onwn in this Annex, the production of copper. lead and zinc· are particularly relevant. · 37. Mercury ores and c:oncentrates"are initially processed by amhing. and sometimes scrcming. Ore beneficiation techniques are not used exa:mively, although flcazion bu been used at some facilities processing low-gr:ade ore. The crushed ore is then heated in either mons, at small operations; or furnaces. at large operations;· to the temperatures at which mercuric SU;!phide sublmmes. The resulting mercmy vapour is condensed in a cooling system and collected as mercury metal. Soot from the condensers and settling tanks should be removed, treated ~ed,.41;1...the.ret(!It,or-Jumace. 38. For efficient recovery of mercury the following teehniques can be used: measures to reduce dust generation during mining and stockpiling. including minimising the size of stockpiles, indirect heating of the furnace, keeping the ore as dry as possible, Bringing the gas temperature entering the condenser to only IO to 20 °C above the dew point, keeping the outlet remperatme as low as r,.-.ssible and passing reaction gases through a post-cond:n.sation scrubber and/or a selenium filter. Dust formation can be kept down by indirea heati:!g. separate processing of fine grain d= of ore, and control of ore water content. Dust should be remove-i from the hot reacrior. gas before it enters the mercury condensation unit with cydones and[ or e!ectro~.atic predpimors. 39. For gold production by amalgamation, similar s;:-;.:egies as for mercwy .~ be appliec.. Gold is also produced using tcehniques ocher than amalgamation. and . .::.~ are considered to be die preferred. option for new plants. 40. Non-ferrous metals are mainly produced from ,..:ipbicic ores. For teclmi.:.tl and pro.iu.:t quality re.a.sons, the off-gas must go through a thorough dedu..<ting (< 3 mg/ml) and could aJs<, require additional mcrcu.-y removal before being fed to an SO1 conucr plant. thCT.:"y also minimising hez,:· metal emissions. 41. Fabric fi!te~ should be used v.,be."'l appropriate. ~•· iust conte.."l: of less than l O mg/m3 can be obtained. The dust of all pyrometallurgical production snould be re..:·.:led in-plant or off-site, -..-hile protec-'...ng occupational health. 4 2. For primary lead production, first experiences iD.ii.::ate that there are interesting ne-1t· direct smdting reduaion technologies Without sintering of the concentrates. These processes are exzmples of a new generation of direct autogenous lead smelting teclmologll!S which p.:>llute less and consume iess energy. 43. Secondary lead is mainly produced from used car and cruck baneries, whici: are dismantled before being charged to the smelting furnace. This BAT should inciu.:ie one melting operatioi: in a shon rotary furnace or shaft furnace. Oxy-fud burners can reduce waste gas ,•,:,iume and flue dust production by 60 %. Oeaning the Hue-gas with fabric filters makes it possible to achieve dust concentration levels of 5 mgfm'. ~ 44. Primary zinc production is carried out by means of roast-leach electrowin technology. Pressure leaching may be an alternative to roasting and may be considered as a BAT for new plants depending on the cooa:atratc: characteristics. Emissions from pyrometailurgica) zinc produaion in Imperial Smehing (JS) furnaces an be minimised by using a double bell furnace top aDd cleaning with high-efficiency scrubbers. efficient evacuation and deaning of gases from slag and lead casting. and thorough cleaning(< 10 mg/m1) of the CO-rich furnace off-gases. 45. To recover zinc from oxidised residues these arc processed in an IS furnace. 'Vr:ry low-grade residua; and flue dust (e.g. from the steel indusny) are fll5t treated in rowy· furnaces• (Waeh..fumac:es) in which a high-content zinc oxide is manufactured. Metallic materials are rec:yded through melting in either induaion furnaces or furnaces with direct or indirect heating by 'Dltural-gas-or liquid: fuels ·or in vertical New Jersey retorts, in which a luge variety of oxidic and metallic secondary material can be recycled. Zinc can also be recovetM from lead fumau slags by a slag fuming process. 3429 46. In general, processes should be combined "'ith an tffecth•e dus. collecting device for both priawy gases ind fugitive emissions. The most rdevant emission reduction measures are OUlmled in tables 7(a) and (.i). Dust concentrations below 5 mg/mi have been achieveo in some ascs using fabric filterS. Table 7( a): Emission soun;a. control mta.lllTtS. dust rdumon rJJiclar.:its and com for the p1im.1ry non-f crrau.s nu:tal indusay DmtRdacnoa .Ablaanmt costs Emission ~ Cooiml measme(s) dlkimr;y . (tom i:om USOl I") .· Fugitive emissiODS Suction . hoods. endosurr. etc. :> 99, off-gas cleamng by FF .:Roascingf~g . a.Updii11Jght ~ ESP +scniblim · (prior "' to 7-l~{Mg Ji?.Q,. double cODtaCt sulphuric acid plant) + FF for tail gases Conventional smelting Shaft furnace: closed topfeffi- - (blast furnace cient ~cuztion of tap reduaion) holes+FF, covered laJIDders. double bell furnace top Imperial smelting High-efficiency saubbing >95 Venturi scrubbers - Double bell furnace ~op - 4/Mg rmtal produced Pressure leachini Application dert..,.h on > 99 site-s;:-e.:ifi= leaching charaae:istic.• of concentntes Direa smelting Flash smeltin !!. e.g. ~=t·cet. I reduction processes Outokumpu and Mim::>ishi process I Bath smelting. e.g. top blown A u.o:::ne!c Pb j QSL: oper,ting costs E Mg Pb rotiI)' convener, Al!STI1clr. lsas- Ti, Cd 97 melt, QSL and Nc-:::mda QS:: Pb 92, l processes Cd !J3 1 ! Tabl! l(b): Emission sources. conirol fflWl!TeS. du.st •e•.;,•;tion qfidt:-.dt:s and a,m far the sea,n.imy non-far;r.JS me.al industry Emissioa source Comnil ~j Oust teducticm efficiency Abatement wsu 15') (tow com, USO) Lead production Shon rotaI}' furnace: suction 99,9 45/Mg Pb hoods for up holes + FF; rube condenser, oxy-fuel bur.ter Zinc production Imperial Smelting > 95 14/Mg Zn Cement industry (Annex II, category 7) 3430 4 7. Cement kilns may use secondary fuels such as v.-aste oil or wasre tyres. Where v.-aste is used, emission requirements for waste incineration processes mar apply, and where hazardous waste is used. depending on the amount used in the plant, emission requirements for haz.ardous waste incineration processes may apply. However, this section refers to fossil fuel fired kilns. 48. Particulates are emitted at all stages of the cement production process, consisting of material handling, raw material preparation (crushers, dryers), clinker production and cement preparation. Heavy metals are brought into the cement kiln with the !'llw materials, fossil and waste fuels. · 49. For clinker production the following kiln types are available: Jong wet rowy kiln. Jong dJy rotary kiln. rowy kiln with cyclone preheater, rotary kiln with grate prebeater, shaft furnace. In tams of energy demand and emission control opportunities, rotaiy kilns with cyclone prehea~ an preferable. 50. For heat recovery purposes, rowy kiln off-gases are conducted through the preheating system and~ mill dryers (where installed) before being dedusted. The coDemd dust is returned 10 the feed material. 5 l. Less than 0,5 % of lead and cadmium entering the kiln is releasedln exhaust gases. The high· alkali-content and the scrubbing action in the kiln favour metal mention in the clinker or kiln dust. 52. The emissions of heavy metals into the air can be reduced by, for iDSWJce, taking off a bleed stream and stockpiling the collected dust instead of returning it to the rav.· feed. However, in each case these coosiderations should be weighed against the consequences of releasing the heavy metals into the waste stockpile. Another possibility is the hot-meal bypass, where calcined hot-meal is iD part discharged right in front of the kiln entrance and fed to the cement preparation plant. Alcemarh·ely, the dust can be added to the clinker. Another important measure is a very well controlled steady operation of the kiln in order to avoid emergency shut-<.1ffs of the electrostatic precipitnors. These mar be caused b~- excessive CO concentrations. It is important to avoid high peaks of heavy metal emissions in the event oi such an emergency shut-<.1ff. 53. The most relevant emission reduction measures are outlined in Table 8. To reduce direct Just emissions from crushers, mills, and dryers, fabric filters -are mainly used, whereas kiln and clinker cooler waste gases are controlled by elecn-ostaric precipitarors. With ESP, dusr ca.1 be reduced to con.:emrations below 50 mg/m' When FF are used, the clean gas dust content can be reduced to IO mg/m1• Table 8: Emission sources, conITOl m.:as-.rres, reduai,11: effidendes .;nd coru (Cle die cemenr in.ilJSt!J' Emission S0lll'U Direct emissions from crushers, mills, dryers Direct emissions from rotary kilns, clinker coolers Direct emissions rotary kilns Glass industry (Annex n, categoiy 8) from Control mwur.,!, Rcdu::tion tzncien.:y Abatement COSlS (\;\ FF Cd, Pb: > 95 £SP Cd, Pb: > 95 1 Carbon adsorption Hg: > 95 54. In the glass indusay, lead emissions are panicubrly relevant given the various types of glass ill which lead is introduced as raw material (e.g. crystal glass. cathode ray tubes). In the case of soda-lime .container g)ass, lead emissions depend on the quality of the recycled glass used in the process. The lead content in dusts fiom crystal glass melting is usually about 20 to 60 %. 3431 5 5. Dust emissions stem mainly from batch mixing, furnaces, diffuse leakages from fwnace openings, and finishing and blasting of glass prodllCtS. They depend notably on the typt of fuel used, the furnace type and the type of glass produced. Oxy-fuel burners can reduce waste gas volume and fl~ dust production by 60 %. The lead emissions from electrical heating are considerably lower than from oil/gas-firing. 56. The batch is melted in continuous tanks, day tanks or crucibles. During the mdting cycle using discontinuous furnaces, the dust emission varies greatly. The dust emissions from crystal glass tanks (<5 kg{Mg melted glass) are higher than from other tanks (< 1 kgfMg melted soda and potash glass). 57. Some measures to reduce direct metal-containing dust emissions are: pelleting the glass batch, changing the he.ting system from oil/gas-firing to electrical he.ting, charging a largtt share of glass returns in the batch, and applying a better selection of raw materials (size distn"bution) and rccycled glass (avoiding lead-containing fractions). Exhaust gases can be cleaned in fabric filters, reducing the emissions below 10 mg/m 1. With electrostatic precipitators 30 mg/m 1 is achieved. The corresponding emission reduction efficiencies are given in Table 9. 58. The development of crystal glass without lead compounds is in progress. T ablt 9: Emission souras, control measuns. dust reduaion effu:imcits and costs Jar tht gloss indu.ttry Emission source Direct emissions Chlor-alkali industry (Annex II, category 9) Control measun:(s) FF ESP DUSt reduction clllcicncy Abatement com (") (total coru) > 98 > 90 59. In the chlor-alkali industry, d 2, alkali hydroxides and hydrogen are produced through electrolysis of a salt solution. Commonlr used in existing plants are the mercury process and the diaphngm process, both of which need the introduction of good practices to avoid environmental problems. The membrane process resultS in no direcr mercury emissions. Moreover, it shows a lower electrolytic energy and higher heat demand for alkali hydroxide concentration (the global energy balance resulting in a slight advantage for membrane cell technology in the range of 10 to 1 5 %) and a more compact cell operation. lt is, therefore, considered as the preferred option for new plants. Decision 90/3 of 14 June 1990 of the Commission for the Pm•ention of !l;farine Pollution from Land-based Sources (Parcom) recommends that existing mercury cell chlor-alkali plants should be phased out as soon as practicable with the objective of phasing them out completely by 2010. 60. The specific investment for replacing mercury cells by the membrane process is reported to be in the region of USD 700 to l 000/Mg 0 2 capacity. Although additional costs may result from. inter alia, higher utility c.osts and brine· purification cost. the operating cost will in moSt cases decrease. This is due to savings mainly from lower enerxr consumption, and lower waste-water treatment and waste-disposal costs. 6 L The sources of mercury emissions into the environment in the mercury process are: cell room ventilation; process exhausts: produas, particularly hydrogen; and wastewater. With regard to emissions into air, Hg diffusely emitted from the cells to the cell room are particularly relevant Preventive measures and control are of great imporunce and should be prioritised according to the relative importance of each source at a particular installatioo. In any case specific control measures are required when mercury is recovered from sludges resulting from the process. 62. The following measures can be taken to reduce emissions from existing mercury process plants: proces.~ control and technical measures to optimise cell operation. maintenance and more efficient working methods coverings, scalings and controlled bleeding-off by suction cleaning of cell rooms and measures that make it easier to keep them clean and cleaning of limited gas streams (certain contaminated air streams and hydrogen gas). 3432 63. These measures can cut mercury miissions to values wcD belo"· 2..0 g/Mg ofO.. produetion capacity, a:press«I as an annual average. There are examples of plants th2I achieve emissions weD below 1,0 g/Mg of d 2 pnxluction capacity. As a result of Parcom Decision 90/3, existi:g mercwy-:.sed chlor-mali plants \\'eJ"C required to meet the level of 2 g of Hg/Mg of 0 2 by 31 December 1996 for siuions c~ by the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources. Sinct emissions d.--;:,end to a large extent ro go-.-..i operating praaices, the average should depend on and includt maintenan~ periods of one year o: less. Municipal, medical and hazardous waste incineration {Annex II, categories 10 and I I) 64. Emissions of cadmium, lead and mc::rcwy result from the incineration of municipal, medical and hazardous waste. .Mercwy. a substantial pm of cadmium and minor pans of lead ..::e volatilise:I in the process. Particular actions should be taken both before and after incineration to reduce these emissions. 65. The best available rechnology for dedusting is consi!lered to be fabric filte!l in combination "ith my or wa methods for controlling volatiles. Elearostatic prrcipitators in combination with wet systems can z1so be designed to J"e:"Ch low dust emissions, but they offer fewer Oj:'pOltllllities man fabric filtm cspecialfy with pre-coating for adsorption of volatile pollutants. 66. When BAT is used for cleaning the flue gases, the concenttatiOl! of dust will be reduced to a range ex 10 to a.:.l«l- mg/lllc',in.pr,!a.ice-lovler:C®~entratio:is=,reaci'l-~d,~,d-.ii:..f=-1! '3SCS. gms~~qons of less than. I !f1g/m3 have been reported. The concennition of mercury can be reduceci ro a range of0,05 ro 0,10 mg/m3 (normalised" to 11 % 0 1}. 67. The most relevant secondary emission reduction m-easures are outlined in Table 10. It is difficu1t to provide generally valid data because the relative coses in USO/tonne depod on a pam..-ularly wide range of sitt-Spedfic variables, such as waste composition. 68. Heavy metals are found in all fractions of tbe munidpal waste ;::::earn (e.g. p!\.">ducrs. paper. organic m~terialsl. Therefore, by reducing the quantity of mllilicipal was:e that is in6eraced. hea,:"" mew emissions can be ::duced. This can be accomplished through various waste mar.~ement st...:egies, incluii.lg recycling programme; md the composting of organic materials. In addition, some l'?\!EeE coUIJ::-ies allow w..:n.icipal waSte to be landfil-.n In a properly managed landfill, emissions of cadmium an.: lead are e::...""J.inared an.i :nercu..-y emissions may·!-! !01.1.-er than with incineration. Research on emissions of :neroiry• fro= landfills is taking place in several :., "N/ECE countries. Table IO: Emission sources, amlTOI m=:::s. reduaion ,ffi.:iaicies ::.r i :CJsrs for ~-ipal. medi.:d and :uzar.i.."".;S llo'i!r::"" incineration Emission soLJTCe Control rne=rc(s) Red~::..::. erS.::ency A:"iremen: corr-.s ~·1 110:ll coru USD , Stack gases High-efficiency ;.:rubbers Pr :± > ~s l-i,::.:a. 50 ESP (3 fields) Pr- :.:: S(l-90 10-:!0/Mg u-asre Wet ESP (I fieid) Pb. C.:: 95-99 Fabric filters Pb. ,:.:: 9 5-99 1 ;. 30/Mg waste Carbon injectio.i .. FF E.;:: > 85 ope."ating costs. ca :-3{Mg Waste Carbon bed fil::-ation '-:;: > 99 operating costs. u. 50{Mg waste 3433 ANNEX N Tunescales for the application of limit values and best available techniques to new and existing stationary sources The timescales for the application of limit values and best available tecimlques are: (a) for new stationary sources: two years after the date of entl)' into force of the present Protocol (b) for existing stationary sow-ces: eight years ahcr the date of entry into fo.ce of the present Protocol. If no.:essai:·. th.is period may be extended for specific existing stationary sources in accon!ance with the amortisation period provided for .by national legislation. 3434 ANNEX V Limit values for controlling emissi01l$ from major stationary somus I. INTRODUCTION 1. Two types of limit value arc important for heavy metal emission control: values for spedfic heavy metals or groups of heavy' mm1s and . . . . . ··::;" ,-, .. ~UQ {u.c ~uw,; uf patt.iL:ul..ic 1IKUa W ~d} 2. In principle, limit values for particulate matter caDDOt repla.i:e specific limit Tahics for admhiai; · 11!:111 ··and· me:cmy. because the quantity of metals "associated with' partiallatc emissions differs from ODC ·]ll'OCISS to another. However. compliance with these limit$ contributes sigmBcmtly m reda:ing heavy mmI emissiaas in ~Iillg~pmiatlam:.:emisswas-·js-,.~-~.~@<mitoring .~ species and continuous· mouitoring· oT individual he3ty metals is in gener.al n«·feasi"'blc. Therefore, pam:ula.te limit values axe of great practical importmc.e and are also laid down in this Armla. in most cases to complmieut or replace specific limit values for cadmium or lead or mercuiy. 3. limit values, expressed as mg/mJ, refer to standanl CODditions {vohmie at 273.15 I. 101,3 kh. my gas) and are calculated as an average value of one-hour measurements. covermg several boars of opcmion. as a :nae 24 hours. Periods of stan-up and shutdown should be excluded. The al'lnging time ;.iay be cxrcnded when n:quired to achieve sufficiently pm:ise monitoring results. With regard to the oxygen conzot of the v.me gas. the T&lues given for selected major stationary sources shall apply .. liJiY dilution for tbt pW'J'OSC of lowering CODCC1lil11Iions of polluW1rs in waste gases is foroidden. Limit values for heavy metals indudt the solid, ~ and -qpour fonn of the metal and its compounds, expressed as the metal v.-llenevcr limn values for i:ocal ~Ol!S are giYffl. upressed as g/wtit of produaion or capacity respectively. they refer 1:c the sum of stack md fugitive emissions, calculated as an annual value. 4. In cases in which an exceeding of givCD limit value!' cannot be adudeci. eith.:r emissions or a pc:fomance parameter that indicates whether a control device is being properh· <'Dented and :naintaincd shall be monitored. Monimring" of either emissiom or performance indiarors ~nould :ike plice cc-,::rinuously i: ::he e:nine.: :nass flow oi paniculaces is above IO kg/h. If emissions are monito~.i th~ con~~mtions oi air pollur-=:s in gas-canying ductS have to be measured in a representative fashion. :: particulate ::ia.tter is monitored discor.tim: · ously. the concenrrations should be measured at reguiar inten'als;~g i!: Je.u: three indepe;ident readii:igs. per check. Sampling and analysis of all pollutant$ as well as reference .:1.elSUICJ.1CDt ::i:lethods co .-:ahbrate am.:mateci mca.~urement systems shall be carried out according' co the sran.:...rds laid do~ by me (<'mitt euro~ de normalisation (CEN) or the International Organisation ior Su:idardi=ation (!SO). ,,.r-nile a.waiting the develOJ>ment of the CEN or ISO srandards, national Standards shall apply. Nati01W standards ;:an also be used if they pro•ide equh'.1lent result.• to CEN or ISO standards. S. In the case of continuous monitoring, complia.nce "ith tile limiT ...-alues is acl:i-.!ved if nmi~ of the cal::ila.ted avera~ 24-hour emission concentrations exceed the limit ,'a.lue ,:,r if the 24-:iour average of the mollitoreci panmeter does not exceed the correlated \"alue of the parameter IUt was esul,ii:;ned during a perfo~e test when the control device was bcing properly operated and main::.:ned. In the .::ase of discootinuous ~ion monitoring, compliance is achieved if the avenge l"Ciding per cb..-.:k does no: exceed tbe ,'3}ue of ~ Jimi, Compliance with each of the limit values aprcssec as toi:al emic:sions per um: of ·produaion or total annual emissions is achieved if the monitored l'alue is not exceeded, z.• desaibed i..'XIVC. D. SPEOFJC IJMlT VALUES FOR SELECIW MAJOR STATIONARY SOURCES Combusrion of fossil fuels (Annex n. categocy 1) 6. Umit ,-alucs refer to 6 " 0: in flue gas for solid fuels and to 3 " 0 2 fa. liquid fuels. 7. Limit value for paniculate emissions for solid and liquid fuels: ;o mgimJ• Sinter plants (Annex D. category 2) 8. Limit value for particulate emissions: 50 mg/m1• Pellet planu /Annex n. category 2) 9. Limit value for particulate emissions: (a) grinding, dtying: 25 mg;m', and (b) pelletising: :!5 mg/m', o: 3435 10. Llmit value for total particubre emissioas: 40 g/Mg of pelleis produced. Blast furnaces (~ex n, categOiy 3) 11. Llmit value for partiCll!att mtissions: 50 mgJm1• Electric arc furnaces (Annex n. categmy 3} 12. Limit value for paroculate emissions: 20 mg/rn'. Production of copper and zinc, including Imperial Smelting furnaces (Nmex 11;-categortes .5 ,al!;~ ~ 13. limit value for particulate emissions: 20 mg/m'. Production of lead (Annex n. categories 5 and 6) 14. limit value for particulate =is.sions: 10 mg/m'. Cement industrv (Annex II. categOl}; 7} l 5. Limit \·alue for ?articulate =issions: 50 mgim1• Glass industry (Annex !' category· S) 16. Limit \·alues reier to differer;: 0, concen~tiow; in fr.;e ~ depc=ding on fur..ace ~-pe: =k fu.~ S %: pot fuma~es and czy tanks: I :; =.; l :". Limi: ,·alue for ;ead emis!'i.:-:-.s: 5 mglr./. Chlor-alkali in~i:;;rv \c nex n. category ~i . 1 s·. Limi: ,·,dues refe::- to the m:i ouamin• o: rne:-~:.i.---.· :-:;<'3..~.:: b,· ; :-lam inw :.ie air. reir.--jJess c-f tht ::nission sour~e and exr:essed as a:: .~nual meui ,·abe. · · · • 19. Llmi, ,-alues fo~ c:.:isting chl.:-:--alkali plants shall be t,ali:ated by :he Parnes meeting '11-ithic the Exe...'1li-e Body no !.ner than rwo years afrc the date ;;,f en.iy i:::o force oi :he present Proco,:ol. 20. Limi, ,·aiue fo: new chlor-.:'.;.aJi planrs: 0.01 g i-:;:).lg 0, p:-:,.:uction ~-:;.city. Municipal. medi.:al and h;.:ardous u·as,e in,:::!era:ion (.- nex 11. categories 10 and 1 ~ . 21. Limit ,·alues reier to 11 % v, concentration in fJ::: ga:s. 22. Limi, \·alue for paniculate =issions: (a} 10 mg/m 3 for hazardo~ and medi.:al 11.·aste i::;..;ne.'lltion (b) 2.5 mg/m 3 for municipi 11.·asre incinerztion. 2 3. Limit ,-alue fo: mercury e=.:ssions: (a) 0.05 mg/m1 for hazar,j.-1.!l' wasre indncntion {b} 0,08 mg/m; for municipal waste incineration (c) limit values for mcrtw;·-.:ontaining emissions from medic£ "'-me inci='ation shall be evalumd by the Parties meeting within ~ Executive Body no btu than tw{I years after me date of may mto force of the present ProlocoL 3436 ANNEX V1 Product control mcuures 1. Except as otherwise provided in this Annex. no later than six months after the dare of entrr into force of the present Protocol. the lead content of marketed petrol intended for on-road vehicles shall not -exceed 0,013 g{l. -Panies marketing unleaded perrol with a lead content lo'll'CI' than 0,01 3 gµ shall endeavour 10 maintain or lower thit level .. 2. Each Party shall endeavour to ensure that the cb..nge to fuels with a lead c:ontent as specified in paragraph 1 results in an over.ill reduction in the hannful effecrs on human heallh and the environment. 3. ·Where .a State determines that limiting the lead content of marketed petrol in aa:ordanc:e with paragraph 1 would result in severe socioeconomic or technical problems for it, or would not lead to overall environmental or health benefits because of, inter alia, irs climate, it may extend the time period given in that paragraph to a period of up to 10 years, during which it may market leaded petrol with a Jwi content not eicecding 0,15 g/L 1n such a case, the State shall specify, in. a. declaration to be deposited together with its instrument of raiification, acceptance. approval or accession. that it intends to extend the time period and present to the Executive Body in writing information on the reasons for this. 4. A Party is permitted to market small quantities, up to 0,5 "of its total petrol sales, of leaded petrol with a lead c:ontent ·not·~g::0,15 g/1 to be used'~vehitles, 5. Each Party shall, no later than five years, or 10 years for countries with economies in tr3IISi1ion that SC31C their intention to adopt a I 0-year period in a declaration to be deposited with their instrument of ratification. acceptance, approval or accession, after the date of entry into force of this Protocol. achieve concentration levels which do not exceed: (a) 0,05 % of men:ury by weight in alkaline manganese batteries for prolonged use in enreme conditions (e.g. temperatu .. -e bdo~· 0 °C or above 50 °C, exposed io shocks)t and (b) 0,025 % of mercury by weight in all other alkaline manganese batteries. The aboYe limirs may be exceeded for a new application of a battery teehnology. or u..se of a bane.:· in a new product if reasonable safeguards are taken to ensure that the resulting battery or product "irhout an ~- remol'able battery will be disposed of in an environmentally sound manner . ."Jkaline manganese buno:i cells and batteries composed of button cells shall also be exempted from this obligation. 3437 ANNU VU Product management measures 1. This Annex aims to provide. guidance to Parties on produa management measures. 2. The Parties may consider appropriate. produa management measures such as those listed below, where warrazne.d as a result of the potential risk of adverse effecu on human health or the environment from emimons of one or more of the heavy metals listed in Annex I. taking into account ail relevant risks and benefits of such measures, with a new to Pt'liC11riftg th:aT !Iffy rhptt~e- '" p..-nrl11t"T~ ~,1, -i'l"l !I .. nDM"'ln :.....f •• ,.,.;,.. ... nt h'll-rmf-i,1 ...ftN't"C: nn h1tffl~n 1,..,~J,tl, ~rt ,,.,,,. environment·.· (a) the substitution of products containing one. or more intentionally added heavy metals listed in Annex L if a swt:ibJe· alternative exists (b) the minimisation or substitution in produas of one or more intentionally added heary mews 1isted in , nex I (c)·'th{promlonofproductinfonriitf~g~W·~·!Ml:•~ti'lmfeima.i~-~ofone.or: more intentionally added heavy metals listed in AilPCx I and of the need for safe · lUC and wute-hand1ing (d) the use of economic incentives or voluntary agreements to reduce or eliminate the content in producn of the heavy metals listed in Annex I and (e) the development and imple.me.ntation of programmes for the collection, re..-ycliDg or ·disposal of products containing one of the heavy metals in Annex I in an emiromne.ntally sound manner .. 3. Each product or product group listed below contains one or more of the heavy metals listed in Annex I and is the subject of regulatory or voluntary action by at least one Party to the Convention based for a significant pan on the contribution of that product to emissions of one or mora-- of the heavy metals in Annex L However, !'Ufficient infonnation is not yet available to confirm that they a.-e a significant source for all Parties., thereby wa..-anting inclusion in Annex VL Each Party is encouraged to consider available information and, wb= satisfied of the need to uke precautionary measures, to apply product management measures such as those listed in pa.-agraph 2 to one or more of the products listed below: (a) mercury-containin2 electrical componems. i.e. devices that contain one or seven.l contacujsasors for the :ransfer of electrical current such as relays; thermostats, level s-:.itches, pressure switches and other S\1-itches (actioos taken include a ban on moSt mercury-containing elecrrical .:c-:::iponents: ,·c,lunu0· propmmes to rqlace some =iercury switches with electronic or spe.cial switches: voluntary recycling pr0 grammes for :'"-itches: an:. volu."ltary re-:rcling programmes for thermosratS) (b) mercury-containing measuring devices such as thermometers, manometers, barometers, pres.-ure gauges. pressure switches and pressure u-ansmitters (actions taken incl~ a ban on mercmy-con.aining thermomete.-s and ban on measuring instruments) (c) mercury-containing fluorescent lamps (actions taken include reductions in mercu.:· content rer lamp through both voluntary and regulatory programmes and voluntary recycling programmes) (d) mercury-containing dental amalgam (actions taken in.:iude volunr::.-:-· measures 2nd a ban wb'': exemptions O!l die use of dental amalgams and voluntary programmes w promote caprure of denta! .i.malgam N:fore release 10 water treatment plants from dental surgeries) (e) mercury<ontaining pesticides including seed dressing (actions taken indud~ bans on all mercury ~tides including seed treatments and a ban on mcrcmy u.<e as a disiniectant) (0 mercury-containing paint (actions taken include bans on all such paints, bans on such paints for interior use and use on children's toys: and bans on use in antifouling paints) and (g) mercury-containing batteries other than those covemi in Annex \1 (actions taken include ro:iuctions in :nercwy content through both voluntary and regulator:,- programmes and environmental charges and volunWJ' r=-..-yding programmes). 3438 Mtpoc II IIP!.!TOKOMO nn: I:YMBA.l:Hl: rIA TH AIAME0OPIAKH PYIIANEH THl: ATMO:tclJAIP.U I:E MEr AAH AilOl:TAI:H IlOY OclJEIAETAI I:E BAPEA METAAAA Ta J.LEP!l, 'ExOVTa; wrocpaaiaEt va tq,apµ.6oow t1J auµl}aar) yui t1l ouqu:Gopund) atµoacpaipu..,'j pintavcni en: JJt')'W.11 air6atacni, A \11l01J;c.6..1Vtcu; £1"..tt&; 01. 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Mm OUVOA.lteij O.ljlaipmiJ TIJC: OtCOVl)c; mi:6. ntpwcroupo Qi!() 99,5 % µnoprl vo cnu;ux5rl µc ;i.urrpocrmru::oi•c; lCPIJ}1Vl· mi,; iJ qJi>..'tpa µ£ uq,aaµo. 'IIOU rnttvvxn"OUV ouya:vtp<ooEU; Ol.."0111)<; 20 mg/ml '11£PUIOU (1£ 11oUb; lltp~ Mt ~a.ipEOIJ 'tov u6papyupo, 01 ooroµ.nt,; paptt,n, µatillbl'I' µnoptl ,'11 µoi,&uv mm 90-99 % -roulaxim:ov. Am'I -ro ~ curro, 'tQ µu:pirttpo nocroota cupopotiv 'ta dncola datpoiiµtva DTOl),'.Eia. H xaiui>Ji 8q,µOtpODia '[Ill\' ,0.'t(Xlll" owrtlVEI GTIJ µtilll01J t!Jc; ntplf:Xtli:onrm,; '[II)\' lCQIJCIQEpu,ll' ot aip10 116papyup0. 25. H tq,apµoyii tqvtlCI\J\' yia TIJ µrlCIXl!J tlllV OOIOflllldl' ~i~· tou ai:i:n:ou, 6to~ou 'tOu 3rlou. mt '[(,I\' C11>1p.an6ii,n• 01lO ta muooipm, µnoprl \'ti o.q,a1pma, arimJc;, mI papta µi:rilla. 0a npbtn va c=o,pami TJ mft°''lj n<>Mrporni rni6p0.C11] XIJJlll:CalV OU(JIWV pE lC!ltUAAr)AJj ot$pyaoio. '[IIIV A.Upa:rl&ll". 26. M, "ti') XP~OIJ TIil\' n;xvii:wv !!OU ava<ptpovun 11apancn"111, TJ ClllO'tWJ.'Jll1"tU(O'tl)TD i::,; wpaiptDl)r; iOI/ u6papyupou noud:Ua ruputara Ill!() tyte<rra.omOI] OE tyKO'tClOTQOI], 0'l)IIIC npoi..-imto (L'"[() tD\I ;m•ru;c 3. !~'102 Ol i:pr:v,tr; ym llJV avamul;11 1"£Xl'IKWv 1upaiptCll)r; 'tou u6papyupou, 6µ.i,; £!IX; o,ou Ol TEX''lric; cnm-~ ICQ'tllcrtOU\' 6.a3tcnµ£r; or '3tOflTJXOWtij WJlCU-C 60· txo 01Coµ11 tvtoma!lri µia IID,Tl(l'[I') 61.0llitnµri 'tt).,roj o6ti:6 ,i.::. U]V aq,a.tpt{liJ tou u6p~,ipou. ITnl(lK~ 3: Mtr:pa di.iyxou, mro-rEAmµan.:cmp:a µru,>Ol'f~ '-Ill .:001:~ yia T'..: ooro,aro; i.:t:ioari, op111..,w-,· mvaifU,N mno; ooroµnwv KavCIJJ nrrpruiov Kau(JIJ fu{lpam Ac:,-r.rAOOµcmmt,rt: Mtrpa r>.iyxou µi:iWOI], (%) Mtrarpomi Cillo 11i:rp&i.o ll£ Cd. Pb: 100 atp10 Hg: ;0-80 Mmrcpom'J ano civllpcn..11 or OKCl\1F 70-100 a:aumµa µt XQ}lTJAottpt~ roto µnb; paptlll\· µi:tilliin· 1-0uxrpoomni.:oi .:PIJ!I'~ Cd. Pb: > 90 (ljn'XJliJ nXrupci) Hg: l 0-40 Yypq ano3DIIICIJJ i::aooai:pW\' Cd, Pb: > 90 lCCMV06oXl'I" {a) Hg: l 0-90 (lJ} ll>D..,pa ano iicpaaµa (FT) Cd: > 9S Pb: > 99 Hg: 10-60 Uap-ri::..:n 11t µtytil.o flo.3µ6 ano mflt l'll":,captJIOOI ;:q,btclll01J E.."aptirtm m: pt)"IW' jia8iMi ano xa8t ovyi.:EtCfJIPO'll iiEj>L"TtlllOI) Ei6w:c; ClD-Ouonc; 5-10 USD/m' i;au(JQEJ)i(IJ\' ava. WJ>l1 (> 200 000 m'/h) Ei6u:tt mEVooatlC 8-15 USD/rn3 Kl1Uoatpu,I\I QVCl wpD (> 200 000 mJ}h} (11) ff anottlroJumi::ourm aq,alproq~ "IOU ulipapyupov autiMi pt 1lJV IMIAAl'(Ul toll lDVIEllU ulipopyupov. 0t ~ ~ ~ pd,,,o')C "Y'!>.i\~ ~ 6miicOAINOIII' w oX'lll'fflOPO 11Epopyupov IQ. <,l Auro .,,a. mm iupao ).bye>. 111 lll1lllmJ mi ·5ioto6iau ®~""tllll' ~ jtGpb,w ~- llll0'lfMMi,, ~ o,pdot. (&&di; mvSiiGDc 60-2S0 USO/kW.,.] B1oµqxavia llpwTOytvou<; 01611pou Ul xaJ,upa (napapuiµa II mrYJYOpia 2) 3450 27. To 'tJlllJlll lllll:O llf-Opa 'al; 0010~ 11716 ~ TiJtrlc:. tymmamaa<; .:~ ~. mi cijuv(n•~ xalvlk>vpyia(; OQIVMU. 0t 0010~ moµiou, µo).ii/lbou, ml u6papyupou, Eµipll'~ (I[ m.~'!5uaoµo pt ~,iatibHL H m:plDC'lUOTIJTll ot mu.iv6uva j3aptn µi:talla O'DJ'' OOIEflJIGµMJ «DYil dopr/rnn C1!0 111 ai~ Tlal\' npcr....n, uMin• ml Tl&JV a&:r., µta'.illt,iv qiaµctto<; llOU XP')OlflOllOIOU\"an yia TT(" =omoii xnlt-•!ia- Ta ffl!JlCll-:DCottpa µi:rpc )llWOll~ '[(!IV OOIOJll!WV 7W.pouowl:omn (JTOV mvm.o. 4. Ta ~lpll IDIO utpoD!lll npbm w Xf'llOIPOZOlOU>.W onou ~ &Mrto. Eli.v 01 ouvllij~ -.::afuorouv Tll XPti<nJ TO~ a&ivan]. µnope \'11 X.0:JOIJlOlTOIOU\"!lll I\AD-~ !:pTJ~ 'l/l..'111 ~ ll1jll)AlJ<; an~ 2 8. Ea.v XM0111onol!rn!l lJ fID.notrJ 6~ ~'VllCTJ OU) i;u,!DJX(I\-ia npu,Toyaro~ m6qpou i:m xalu~ 01 ruvoln.i,; o6~ Wt~ OICOIIIJ<; Ol onow; OllVOO>VWI OJlEDCl pt t!J 6~ pnopti \U pnw8oi,.• Otll w.:o>.ou& Ddnt6a: Eymt.aaraan<; ~ 4().120 g/Mg · Eymtnoraoo<; 1CODC0nOUJOIJ<; 40 g/Mg Yooipn,ot 35-50 g/Mg iCafuvoi xaAuflou~ ~O\IOU 3S-70 gfMg. 29. a KaDap!O}W(' lltJJUllV JJt 111 XPIJOl1 1W-TPl!lY ano uq,aapn p.Elld\':11 'tl'fY 1ltJ>IO..irim-rm at OWVlJ at l.ryimpo ano 10 .. mg/m', 00 ~. l]~Ol lCe~ ml 01 ~-q>i6s; !lfll!"'OO". TO~ (I[ OICOVIJ OE.~ f!lg/m3 iwpwi:o<; 'flioon~~ moirto1t ·~ no~ ~' ~ - i~=:;tmi "~TJXlt"ltr ~ m6iipou J:at x&!Ja nou µnopri va OllTIIXouv nOAU xOjl!J).oup&; ¢ IT~ 4: ITlfYli EX71'0JD!tllv, /d;rpa t:.¼xou, cm~a ~ tll' Ol.'.IMJ4'.. "'11 m.~ \'1(1 tl1 ~ npc,,toyn,ouc oiS~pou ICal xa).v[Jo. A~~1 ~-ros)lriidlJIJ( TI'l)'l\ IXIIO)ll!WI' Mhpo.f¼xou µrl...r.s 't1)~ m.ovri, . ll'llYDAl< , ~ oc U£:'i (") ' I I Ey-.::irro.at(WDc; ~b),; T TjQJ j3r). notOl'lOlfljlD'I)<; 0::0!lffll<; ;:a. 50 ! -Tiit!J ~ l:01 l]An"tpw:am:oi > 90 l:PIJ)M~ il)i),:rpa ano i•ipaaµa > 99 Eymtaatlim:t,; - tfu:rcpocnOTOCoi i:pl'J!J\'lCTt!:~ - Cl\'tl• > 99 l:01:1:0llOil]Cllj~ 6paotiJpa,; ooj3rocov il>L\.,N CJ1'() ucpaoµa m.uv.pi&:,; : > 95 i Y'l'ucaµtv01 tl>Rtpa ano uq,aoµa/HAO..:oooru- > 99 =.SP: 0.2~; \lg 1vromhx1v Yljlll(OjllVOI Ku{lop1oµi>,; ni.oi i:pJJµvirni:.; ~· Yypt,; nlUVTpi&:, > 99 Yypoi flAD:tpoomn1'oi i:p;iµ>,c,tl, > 99 ~ xo>..v~oupyia,; flpwtoyM]~ QllOl:O\'UlOIJ'. vypoi > 99 : Dry• ESP: :.~5/Mg xo)..J.•N. oevyovou foaxr,J~/JJhO."tpo(J'tatlXOL i.plj µvum:,;/cpO.tpa an6 vcp(l(IUtl &llttpOytVij, ano1:ovi1Wl]: b)poi > 97 1 FF: 0,26{Mg XC!hl.lPa l]>.ticrpocmrru:oi Kpl)JMCT.E<;/qiv. ,pa llltO ixpaoµa np{,omiptt; DJ10!,Dltr; i:.\tunt,; prolfO~ tml~ &0-99 npocmrmrtooi ntpuppabi. 6ui- j ~Pdii anol¼!]~ npw,n· I uL:n•, m8apiaµ6<; l\pbµ(d\· ! 30, H QJ1E011 µrlc,,aq J:at 0¼1831J tqQJ ppiarovtm oro otii6io 'DJ( m~ mt !,lllopti va ~ 'Dtv GIG\«II yia. ~ ~,; 1:(11 IJIIIIKCIJIMlU,; ato pf)J.av. H apappoyii . ~- atrt.:iv ~ mro "IU ~ om:a 'DIIV µrra)ln,pim,rv m anami 'tJ'fY ~ "COtJ 'ttAlml' npoiovro,; en: oiptvo lk>~ wtou 11 cmoia & !tpbm 'olO ti:va1 ~ pt tour; ~1" fu:vxou,;. 3451 810µ1Jxavia 6tuupoyrvoii<; 016~pou ta, x1U.u~a (napaptrJµa n man,opia 3) 31. Eivm nOAli Ol]µavm;o va anoppoq,rlwun anotdropmu:a oAu, 01 ooroµntt. A1I1ii Qlllll 6waco µt 'tlJY tymraotaOIJ aroµwv tltflavwv fJ JlVl}'WY an~ fJ µt 'tlJ OINOAIDJ ~ UJU mpiou. Ot anoppoq,1J3tloo OOIOµnil; npina vc a:a8api(ovmL Ooov aq,opci o~ "tl<: 61tpyllCri8; 01 onoitt; o:nqmow oi.inrq O'tlJ ~OJIIIXIMII &lrapoytvot11; m~pou mt ,:a>..uf3a, TJ aq,aiptotJ ·ow omvric µi: 'l'°''tfld lll'IO ttljlOO!l(I, 'I onoia JUM'I 'tlJV 'l!EjlUXtllCOtl)tll m: OOIVTJ at Atybtrpo ano 20 mg/m'. Daoiptrnn ~ TJ JID..llO'llJ 6ialltoiµri -rqyu:i\. Omv If IJD.WDJ 6J03impi) uxwai XP'!CJl!10110lfl• TOI, Dtimi~ )'Ill 'tlJV ~OUJO!) '[IIJ\I 7IJlOOKlllPulV OO!Op.1161V, 'I Muoi o:nopmj ~ (aupllqlwxpflavopivwv 'tllrl' np6omip<,,v OOIO)llT!dl' nou ow6tovm,. apma JlE 'tlJ 6iq,yaaia) 6tv npim va unrpjlaivo 'to 'fO"PO 0, 1 b.>e; 0,3 5 kg/Mg xa>.ujla. YnliPXouv :n:o>.M ~a 1::nllapli,v muolµwv µt mpin-tu:O'tl)'tQ ~ ano IO mg/m3 lmn· XPif<lltlO ltOIOINlll1 i:pQ..pa ano iHpaapa.. Inc; ~<: auw;. 11 oou:Jj ootopmi OUM!<: l«MJ\'IXO 0\1111 ~ ano 0,1 kg/Mg. 32. 0oov ~ 'tlJY 'tT)QJ mwwiw ~- JPl10ll10lt010W 6uo Ei6iJ mµiww. avau:w; mpM11 mi mJ.1tV01 jlo}:mia:ou toemi. Ot ~ Ulfl1YOL ~ om6iam 3 3. H nqmrtucO'tl)'tQ t!Jt o:nqm~ OK~ OE cmdv6uva (lapin µtm).).a· dapuno:i ano 'DJ oiJv&xni WI' m>.au:iv cnSifpimv mi '[!,JV ~ :x.a>,ufxi mi ta ti61J '[liJV ~ ~ ffl)U 1lpOO'ti3Mm mm 'tlJY ,rapayr,yiJ toU x@.t,fxi. Mt'tf>l'IOD<: OE 'ICllfll"Ollt ~'lllimi, ~ t&!tav im tO 9S" 'llllV mqmil,v u6papyupov ma 'tO 25 '6 "tlllV OOIOJDIIOV m6µiou tivm. ~ Ta OIJPIMIKO'ttpll µma~ '[(IJ\" a:;:n:opm:,v Ol3Mlt 1!1J1l01.1(11610Vtm otOI' r.ivam 5. fllJYI\ OOIOJl'IWI' Kaµ!vot ~A.roilCOO .61;ou Xut~p1a 016~pou (napa.p'tlJµa n m'tffyopia 4) Mhpa cl.fyxou ffi..rnpoaum.JCOi ICPIJJMO'ro; 4>0..-rpa ano ~ ~ Iclcnot ~ JJD~'Ul(~ (ouvolwl ~ ac USO) I") > 99 >995 4>ibpa a,io ~ 24/Mg xcwil!a 34. Eivoi 710Mt O!]µavm::6 Ya 111toppocpwvta1111t~ oA£.r. 01 ttl'loi.;,k. Auto i.-a..'iicrnmu 6mtrto µt 'tlJY ryi;ataotaOIJ owµiwv iw/3irv111V ~ 1'."M]lW\" llltopJl<MPITtlipr.iv ~ µt ouvoAIICiJ ~ .ou 1--npio1•. Oi llltop~Eioo; mroµ.":i:c npb.o vo. ra.Bapitovrm r:ra xvn\pm cnli~pou l.n-roupyoLrv q:ipmi:ol-:cq.u,10L ~:C!}!tvo! ~oA -r,i •:oU i:O~ou, ~rn rnay,J}\'l,.:c,~ 1.:aJ,lwo1. Ot itµmts ooioµnt<; owµan6u.n• Xlll j3apb,n• ~• ot C£P•a µopgii 01/\ttOvta: t6iaiupa µt .:r-· -rit~ rru. O!)KJµE\'t.; fjlOpo; ot µ111:-pchtpo · j3o8µ6, µi: trp' b:xuO!J. Ot np60Ka1pa; a:noµnk :-.poipxO\'tCI ~ to X£IPIO!lO. 'tlJV 'U)Ql, 'OJ'. b.-xucn,, a:ai 'DJ'' lltpi):OljlTJ tll!V npc:i.ul\' u1li,v. To. Ol)JllMIICOttpa µapo ~- t~' ooioµn.:"· napollOUi.Ctn"tlll arov nivlll:o. 6 µai:i µt 'tff" Olml)'Xav6µ£VTJ cm~a µrllalOlJ<; mt .1;1 root~ (.TT!<: nrpurtW(lt;~ cm<; onoux ro 6t6optva o.vtci 0\ -01 6wlltoiµ.o.. Ta tv 1oyw µi:tpa µnopouv va µmioovv ~ m.rym~<; Ol:O\'lF ot 20 mg/m\ fJ A.ryOtlf'O. TT~ 6: nlJYli DC1!0µ7!&.•. µi:rpa i}.iyxou, mruw.mµanronrra !,l,ciWl1l7C OKO'\'IJ: 1i'.CII JCOO'[°' 1'1il TC XUTI1Plll Olbijpou AllGmoµttnWDf[C. [&,roc; JICW011• fllJYI\ IXllo)lllwv Mttpc. rllrt.f:iu pti.X'rJ,; 'O], 01:0Vl)t (OIIVOW ~ ac L'S::>) I") Kciµ,voi; ~11.'tllUCou HAoctpootcm.1,:oi rpTJJM~ > 99 tol;ou 4>11-rpa OJ16 iicpo.oµa. > 99.5 FF; i 4/Mg, oi6qpov Enaywytd) lmj,IIVO<; 4>0.-rpa Qll() V(faoµa/~pci > 99 C1110pp01p!JOI) + cpll.'tpa an6 i,q>o.oµa. Op&mµn,o,; µt tµ• Acpa.ipwti m>.oumciiv mt111 mto > 98 lflOO'l ljlllXpOt! ai:pa 'tlJY nopm 'tif<: mµivou: fi)..pa Dllo ucpaoµa Acpaips,ii m1ounwv nM > 97 8-12/Mg Ol6fipou ami 'OJ" 11opm 'tlj<; mµivou: q,O.:cpa Cl1IO ucpaaµa + X'IJK'li > 99 45/Mg m6qpou µuC1JO!] · Op&.:iiplVO!; P£ tµ- ll>il'tfl(l ll2[0 i,qroaµo +· anos::o- > 99 23{Mg mli~pou !pUOIJ 3tpJwu aipa - "MOT] T~ atpa > 97 venturi 3452 35. H ~1oµqxavia xvnipwv mli~pou m:pwipfl(IVO iva rupi, .q,aoµn ~- rw u~ U11apxo~ J,llKpottpa; tyi=a· crro.otu;, m µhpo. m onoia napoumal;ovrru napaiclrr(J) µnoprl w JlTJ" W'IO'ttAOUI' fl&~ 6~ ~ apooov 0£\T Erl'lll OlKOVOpuca ~WO\jla. B1011rixavia npw-roytvwv Kai 6t11upoy.1:v~v 1111 ot61(pOUX(J)V p.rrcHJ .. r.1v (1tapa.ptrjµa ll lW.TIJYOpit<: 5 rot 6) 3 6. 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Ot "tE,(l'lrii; qmi.ovnop.ov t(J)V ~""' OEV XPIJCIIJlO!'IOIOINtm MmW1. polovott TJ D1111A£001J XPIJOlp07101Utlll at o~ q,,artllOtD(IElt; OL onoitt; ~ovrm µaallaipam ~ 71~ To {lpavoµtvo pi:rollo ~ tmJ OW£XDC1, mt at anoarm:tuCp. tlpara, OE ~ q,mmouian~ ~ OE dquvoui;. OE ~ tym"[OO'tOOO~ OE 8Epp01CpClOW; 7101/ napayouv ~O!J 8nouxou u6papyupou. 0 crtµO<; u6papyi,pou . 0 onoi«; ,rapb,'t'tm C'vj-"rv'r'r~IIL .. ,:an ot ~Jv-rtiµa. 1y'U;fi; mt cr..;).,°\i'J'ttQl ~ p.'-ra.'\JJ) u6pcp-i-jpc-J~ H m.Bc.1~, a,rc 'tC'Jt; c-... ;-•·1ru~ .. •(..~ rot -n<: 6d;~ xa3itTJOI)<: npbta va cupatpmm. va ucpicramu ~ !IE tioj3£0TO mt va ~ruu crro ~-.i::~~...mµ~ 38. Ilpomµivou va uncipxn mafJlCli<; avamJO!J u6papyupou µnopouv va XPIJ01JIOll011!llouv ot l1Qj'l(lmt"1 i:witl<:: µtcpa yia 't1J pn"10!J TIJ<: s11Jlloupyiac; OICOVIJ, mm t1JV ~opubJ 1C(U t1JV IDlofu'ilC.EUOTJ, ~)IMJ<: tlj<: f.NlXIOTOllOUJO!J<; tOU ptyffiou<; T!llV an~. 4iJ1.EO!J lli:pµm,orJ tlj<: Knµivou, 01!1U)pl'j01J T(ull µrrollruµa,CIIII 000 TO 61.MlTOV CJTt'i'V(ml)fd\l, civo6o<; t!J<: llq,µ011:pa~ atpiou nou notpxruu. oto OtJ)D'M."VldU) mrci 1 O ~ 2 o 0 c µovo a.vro 1:0u O!Jµrlou 6pooou, 610Ujp1J01] TI']<: l:lqiµoiqiaaio.c; d;ooou OE 000 TO 6uvm:6 X0.Jl'IAOT.EJ)O rnin£6o. nq,aoµa 't(J)V aq,iwv avtl6po0ll<: ano JWNrpiSa 1)/ICill · qii>..,po p.etei TI') <nlJlfflA"Vlu(JI']. 0 CJXIJjl!mUJlo<; CJICOVlj<; µnoprl vo 61aI1jpt18rl CJ£ XUJll'IAO orint6o p.t [JlµFDIJ llq>JlU"Oll, xropumj ~ >.mrown:wv llOtOn\'n,>v µrni)J.ri,µaro<;. ;::01 fN:'fXO TI}, 11£PIO.."tll.'.OTI')t~ tOU µa:a)Jwjµcrroc; 0( vtpci. H OICOVTJ npbin VO CllpQIPETrlll MO t0 lkpµ6 al:pio cn-rl6paOTJc; npiv noruin OTlJ µovooo. Cll1Jl1n»--VIOOTJC: tou u6papyupou J1.E ~c; 1)/CQI q).n.--qio otcmt:ouc; KPIJJlVICl'rr~ 3 9. 'Ooov acpopci 'CTJ" napCI)'trl)'Tl XPUOou µt ouyxwVOJOT), jlllopouv va tcpapµ0otovv CYrp<rnJYll(£C 6µottc; npo<; ~ 01 011oit £1j1Qpµol;o\"t:Cl1 yio. .ov u6papyupo. O XPU®'= napayftm. ElnOl(i;. x:ru µt iID.tc; 'tl)'.11.:tc; o..--roc; tqc; Oll'i'XblVtUOTJ, 01 onoirc; l:lECilpOuV"rm "1C npouµ11tta cva>J.aJ..--nKii A.uOT] )'Ul -nc vi:u; E:y1:mcumionc. 40. Ta Jllj m6qpoiJxo. µtca).).a napayovrcu, Xllpi"1c;, ClTIO 80.ouxa µt:tallruµam. fl(l 'U:).'\'ll.'.OU<; loyou<; J:o.81i,t; mt yto. loyou<; no16Tl]"t:a<: tfl)V npoiovrhl\', m lCLU)(laip1a npmn va vn0otouv Ql!OKO\IUIOTJ (< 3 mg/ml) ICCl1 jlllopd. miaTJi;. vn Qll0.LTI]OOU\' npoollrni acpoip£0rj u6papyupou npowu 6iox~ouv 0[ tymrao,:aonc; ~l)C 6io~iou 'tOU llrlou [TOI WOT£ VO. £A.aX\Cl'l'0110llj8ouv 01 00!0~ ~Efd\l µtc(l/\/U&III. 41. Ta rpO,:rpo. an6 ucpaoµa npbm va XPIJCllJ1DT101ovvro1 onO't!: D1tj3aUtrcn. Mnoprl vo orrrrux{:lri ntplD."'IUCOTI')ta m: CJJCOV1) µu::po-rtpl] rut6 10 mg/mi H CJJCOVIJ mt6 OA.IJ tljV 11Upoµrralloupyuai ffllpa)'(J)'{TI fla npbm va mav~= an<: tyJC(l"[aoi:aaac; 'l o..--roc; rwv tyKo:to.cmim:IIIV, f:vW napo)JJjMt nprntt \'a laµjxivovrm µrrpa yia 'CTJ" npoomoia TIJC uyitMjc; llj<: Epyaoia<;. 42. Ooov acpopci 'CTJ" napayw'{TI µolu~ou, 01 n~c; qmupirc; nou tx ouv c;ll!Ot.'.Ojltol:lrl 6ri~ow 6n UllQ./lXOVV vi:u; Muicptpouoo; uxvoA.oyitc J1DIOOTJl; p.t ClJ1llOTJ "tlj~ xropi<; cppll~~ tCIIV t:µMOl/tWjl£\'lllV µcrillt\lµim,Jv. 0t 0U10WlOID; avttc; rivm napa6riyµmo. µiac; vros yrvuic; n;xvoloyiwv cwroycvouc u'j~c µol1ifl6ou 11011 plJl!Qivouv liycmpo mi KttravaAwvouv lry6ttp~ £Vtpyna. 4 3. 0 6ruupoY£Vli~ µow(l6<><: llapayITW.. ropilal<;. ClTIO µrni:xnp1aµi:vouc; auaowpnm:c; am:OICIVT)tr.1'' Kai q,opniyi;w nou II7100UVQpµoloyovvro1 l!pototi tpcxpo.5o11Jllovv OTl'jV i;:ciprvo U)~ljc;. Atraj lJ ~V.'tlLrn) 6m8EO\flll UX"ll3! 3a npi:nn VO. m:pWIµfxna µio. npa.."t] -dt~r; CJt µia 7!tpwtpocpt1Cl) ICO.p.IVO JllKpou µijlCOU<; 1) CJt µia cpJ)tC1ThlOTJ ia'iµivo. Oi KIZlJO'alpa; t.'.O.Uoiµou OW)'OVOU J1110pOVV VQ µnwooW tOV oyKO ttllV ICllOOII.EpitllV ~ ICCU TI]<: Ulppa<; mnvo6oX(lll tam\. 60 "· 0 mllap1oµ6<; trov t:auoatpirov t.'.aµ~ J1.E cpihpa an6 ucpaoµa om:pbm va anmix.llouv tmll£6a Oll'(UVIj>CdOIJC. lll(OVljl; ot D!UIE,5n 5 mg/m1• 44. H npc.rroyMj<: napaywyit ljl.EUliapyupou rnrruyxava:w 61aµtoou tljC: n;xvo~ l)A.mpOX!Jµtl.'.i)c; ~ ~ ixnlu(TIJ~ H un6 niOOTJ barluO!J µnoprl vn anocltor:i tvallarncj A.VOIJ tlj<: ,tnibic; s:cn µnopri va. llaiipq&i ~ ~0..natl] 6uill00tJll'j TEXW'-'T! )'Ul va<; ~c; TIOU fZOPTCMCD. ano ta XOjXllCOJpitmm tlllV ~ µcralliuµi.rrCIIV. Ot trn~ an6 tlj ~toµttalloupyua'J napaywvii 1jltu6apyupou an6 mprvou<: Imperial Smelting ([SJ µnoprl VO. u.axunonoll]llovv p.c t1J XPiiOTJ 1C(J)VO£IOWV •""' 61lTAT!c; JCOpu<pij<: JCa.t wv m&pwµb µi: n>..uvtpUii( ~ wro60'CllCO'tlJ"lll, cmow.wµaruo\ OOlYlil01J JCa.t mllaplOJlO ,CIIV aqru,,v a.no amipla mi xinruOIJ ~ mi m>Ji ra3npwµ6 (<. 10 mg/m1) ,wv nloooiwv m: µovoW/iw tau Cl\lllpom llitlOOEpi""' TIJ<; icoµivou. 45. Ta~ 1/l!OA.tiµJIOTCI 'tOU 1j!.EU6apyupou uqikmtvuu ~ at mµn,o IS yia t1JV £t\lalmJffll tou ljlMClpyl> pou. Ta unoi.ripµata. now IClllCljc; not~ mi 11 wppn mnvo56xou u!piOffll.-cat npumi ~ OE ~oii<; rlqitvOU<; (mµtvou<; Waelt.) µt u<; onoit<; ICClTa.amilil;tuu ~lO tOU q,£u6apyupou U1pl1Afjr; ~ Ta p.tra}J.uc6 UAWl 0.VIIKVdilivovuu p.t U)Q'J mt OE tTll1y(ll"fllCOU<: UljllVOU<: mt OE ~ p.t apmq Jj qJilflJI) 8ippavoq p.t cpoouc6 atpio ii ptOOrO mllOlpll ii ot r&atta anoomnoohipara New Jersey, OTO onoia pnopd w l1VlllVdaDd pin JIEYCWJ nOllClAi.a o!;o61wv rot 6tvttpoyCYliJv ~ ub:hlV. o q,tu&apyupo<: JD!Oprl va avaaiJf)d. munic:, 111to m:lolj>~ W~CJ.VlllV µoM~u p.t E7lt~ tlj<; CJJCWpiac; µt mµ6. 3453 46. fEVU:a, 01 fotpyaoirt; npbto vo ouvbllal;cwrw µi: ano1iliaµantaj ot1cn:ruiJ cmopf!09:JCITJC Ol:OVl]t; woo yio Ta 7!p<1Wycvi) atpia ooo Km nc np001C01pa; o..11oµnk Ta illov CIT)pavru:a µcrpa JUlWOllt; Till\' o:mµnwv no.pouou'il:ovroi anc llMli:tt 7 a) 1CCl! 7 [)). Ii: opiaµ.rvr,; llq>ultWOD<; Clllwixfuii::av OV'f"MPCOOOC om,'l]c µn.pcrcrpa; Ql!O 5 mg/ml µt TIJ XMCITJ ipv.:cpwv MO tiq,aoµa. TT=ac 7 a): n!JYE' ooroprwv. µtrpa a.iyxm.,, an~ µriCu017c ni; oic6v17c Kai ..-ooroc yia "ti!'' npw-ro yn>Jj (3101-UJxavia µ11 cn811pouxc,n• µt'ralli, n, AnO"lNO)JIIUm1lf!C ~JllllllO!lC TTTJYI\ OOIOJlllOIV Mtrpa z:.\t\xou Jllll,)(JTJI; OOW!)C {~ mm:01; oc USD} (%) llpooi;wpa; 00!0~ Liyµcnaavappoq,I)~~- > 99 )lil'tQ 1Wl. m80jll0}1~ KCW(IQE• pu,,v µi: cpD.-rpa Ullo uq,aaµa ~pvttifnleii KatW:OptlqnJ "tr)~: l}~O- - 7-I0{Mg H:5O, ~~-+ !W/\,pi6a; (11p1v "ITJ'' tylCIIUIOlOCIT) ont>JJ,; oroq,iJc Owmu ~c) + q,v..tpa a:no uq,aaµa yw· • ~aqulllJ, I11µflanidj OWOJaJ qipurrw61Jc .~ 0.aoni - {µti(dOJJ utpu:aµivou) KOpU<j>q/wtottlroµaru..,j D:X£\llll CllJ ,wv oni:n• oocivi.>lllJ<; + qiv.. ,pa an6 uqioaµa. KOA.uµµi:vo1 axa:oi xumiOTJc;. wvoaliiJc Kiiµrvo<; 6utA.ljc t::opucpiJc TiJb] Imperial Kaflap1c,µ6c llljll]Af)C cmOOOOTJC > 95 ffiwi:pi6Ec Venturi KlllvOOoiJi; li:O.JllVOC - follAf),; i::opuq,iJ,; - I 4/Mg n~'Oµr-..01.1 µaa.\.\01.1 I 'fa.,:UOTJ µE m£C1ij H E!pOpµoy:j E~ap,am1 c.:;6 TO > 99 i l01ai1tpo O\':: tonoflroio xopaKr1Jp1cm1.:a O.):IJC1ijC 1ul'' Eµll- I Aounaµb'(,)\· µi:-taAAf:uµirtwv j I Aoi:pamaic TTJ,;l], r.x., ii1i:py001t,; t,u:pyaaic µnwOT],; - aµEOl]C U!OJC Kivcet. Outokumpu li:01 Mic;u I bishi l,n1rrM ~bit: ~v ~i~nvnni:rt A 11 (:mp.Jr QSL~ l:{m~x J..rnoupyio.: -----r- .......... -·--.1--~-, nrpurrpoip1i.011 wpin·ou-µaa- Pb 77, Cd 97 60/Mg Pb ,poi!Ul µi.: q,uori,6 o:uyo"o, QSL: Pb 92, Ausmelt, !sasmelt, QSL li:Cll Cd 93 Noranda ITwW(~ 7 /3): nl/Yt. ooroµxwv. µ.i:rpa i).fyxau, Q1!0T!:Atopanli:anrra 1-LOOOI){ (11;0\~1, !.lll KOOT,-..,: yia "Clj M.rrrpoy£\'17 plOJllJXavia /ll7 /JI01jPOLIX/J1\' ,n:taAAW\" Anon:ArnJllm(iitlf[a Ki>awc~ n'IYt~ m10Jlllwv Mhpa illyxoo JlllltlOIICaaMJ~ (t'l'YOl.u.6 maux; 0t USD) (%) nopay!tlyij µoMflfou flrp101po1pm1 mµtvo< JllKpOU 99,9 4>/Mg Pb µiJi:011<;: oayµaca awppoq,1J0!1~ j'I.Cl oni:,; KOPll'f'IJ<; + q,O.i:pa ano uq>a oµa· Gl,WJ'-1:<; ~K\'(d(Jl]C, IClllJ adj~ wuoiµou o~6vou 11apayooyi\ ljlt'U6opyu- Tq~ Imperial :> 95 14/MgZn poll B 10µ11xavta -ra1µtvwu (napaptJJµo. II mt1JVOPUl 7) 3454 47. 01 'tO!JlM"Odijlavo1 imoprl va XP7101jl0:l!OIOUY &lmpoytviJ xaumµa OlI"'- KCIJlO'U liow. 11 anop!)i!ipam (}.ccrnmu. Omv XPTJOIJlOn010W[QI anoppiµµara. pnoprl VQ [(jKl!lµo/;OVUll 01 alTClltljOl:lt; OOIO)ll!UJI' 01 Ol!Oirl; ~poiiv nr; 61EpYOOU:<; 11110'Wflpr,>Ol)<; ml rrrl!N XP7IO'lp.o1l01.0UV(O! muav6uva anoj:!)JJtn. avolaya pt TOY r,yf.D !IOU XP1J011lO!!Duitm anr; ~ !DIOPD va t'llQPllol:OVtal 01 cmam'loDr; EXROWlW\' oaov Q.QIOPCI TI, 6l£PYOOiai; a;;oropl)l&IO!Jr; •""' titlnV· 61.Ml)V anoJrurt(IIII. -Evroirroi~· m wa 01popci mur; r>.ifim,our; opuai.v' icavaiµL,ri,." -- 4 8. Emqmavrm ooµarlSUI ma· oJ..a. 'U1 a.MUI TIJ<; 6~ ~ 'lOljlD"i"OII '[Q onoia Q\'Ql. yia nap6.6oyµa. 0 X£1Ploµor; u>.im, lJ npoctoipaala ~1111' ulwv (3paucmj~. ~pavaipio.). napaywyii ICAMEp 1:111 11l1j)IIYlllyTj tmµivtou. I'lov 'tO'ljl[l'tOIC~ tpo<po60TOINClll j!apm pi:talla µal;i !IE ur; ~ ii~ ta opum tall(Jljlll i;m ur; muaqw; u"AQ; mr6 mmpplppma. 49. rui 'tlJV ruipay<Oylj tlMrp OVQ1 6w3imµo Ta m:o>.ou3o OOIJ ~ uypol ~oi dif!avoi p.tyo).ov Juji;Ot><;. b)pol. m:pw-cpocpucoi i.J.Jjkxvo1 ~ !Dim~ lltfJIO'CPo.pi.m i.JJjJavoi pt 71p0L'\:ppavtl\pcr; n1WM, mpunpocpiroi ~ pt 1tpo.'lrpµavt!}~ ~ ~r; ICapl\'OL .AJti, UltOIJl!lt IMlYICIJ<; GE MpVllll IClll OE 61MlTimJ'm; FM:f'I..OU 'UdY OOIO!JJli:ov, rivm ltpO'tlJlOUpOl 01 ntplO'tpoftE-oi ~ pt ~ ICIIICNd'KL 50. Oaov 01popa -n,; ~ Q\IOl:'tT)Cllt,; TIJt,; 8~ 'tl1 muaaipui n.iv ~ ~ ciy<Mll1 6iaµtaou tOU OUO'tTjµaco,; npol}tpµavaq, m. 'trl)V µiiAli>V ~pavaqr; (« mpumoo!J nou 0\1111 tylClltt(mJJlb'OI) !lp!V "tll" QIIOICOVUl(7!J. 7H,·1mopp~-~-~~ i:mmpbpcw 1711~~ i,)~ 51. Aiycmpo mr6 0,S % 'tOu µo'A.ufl6ou mi -rou .:a6µioti 1100 Datpxovmt cnov ~~am i.:auoatp111. H llll'iJM! ~OTI)'tC m: ahaAUl ICOl 'I 6pcunJ m8apioµou orov xJ..if.mro EIJVOOIN TtJ ouyq>imi<llj lOU ptm)J.ou oro divn:p 11 ani mcOVIJ 'tOU TOl)ltVtOKAillavou. 52. Oi WIO~ fkil>a,,v ~ Ot1JV atµ6fflpaipa Jl'IOpD va µnr,&.iv. yui napo6ayJ.ux, mv )-'t\'t:I anav"'YTI porjt,; mi Olllpnmi T) mroppoq,1)8doo mcOVIJ avti va Elllorpa!pd ora ICCWOIJUL Evtoiitmr;, « m3t nq>i,m,,oq 01 croUoywµoi avtoi npi:nn VQ 0taapw3ouv Tlpot; ~ tnU!tW08<; 'tlJ<; ~ j3apts.,y µtrol1a,v cmJ OOlp0 tlllV anop).ircu,1•. NNj 6watO'tT)ta anonki 'I !lapomp1jllj nuplllJWIOU µroillou ICll"Ul 'IIJ" O!loia to nuf)fll!ltVO µtro>J.o anoppimnm. o· µtpa m:pi/lwr; µ.npocrni mro 'tlJ" doo6o '[O\J wj3avou ICQI tpo<po&m:im1 OtlJV ~ l!pOt[O~ '[OU 'ttJl!IM"OU. Evallam.m. TJ ~ µnopEi va npocm&i O'TO divup. Eva @J..o O'l])UlVtlKO µtrpo lll'CQ piu i.:iwi fUVXOfl01J u.ofli:pii lmoupyia wu wjMivou npomµivou va mtotpblttm TJ 6im:07111 O.."ID.IC'tT), llVQ)~ TI1IV ri>ai:poomru:ldV ICp!J!l''WtldV. Au-r:o µnoprl 11(1 71poW]3ri ano ump~OA.11Ca ~ <JUYl".M~ )JOVObl6iou i:ou avllpai.a. Eivcn OTJlW'tll:O va <m()(Jlnryovnu ll1jlT)MJ otlnr6o. ooiopn.:iv jkipec,iv ~ OE TltptlTtlllOTJ 61tn:o:tii~ EJ.'.'I0m}<; avayKJJc;. B. Ta OT)µavtu:oupn µtrpa w:vxou '[Ii)\' ootoµnwv napoumatovrw OTO\' rnvom s. Ilpomµivol' \'O µEllllt.'¼iiv 01 aµ~ ooroµ,w; OlOOVIJ~ arui 3pau0fllpt!;, µu>.ou~ mi. ~pt~. XPT)O'lµOilOIOuvtal l.1.IP~ (jli}.,pa llltO uq,aoµa i:vw m onolfu"\ta atp10 ~QI\' KOi IVUIC'tW\' divi.tp tlJ:yxO\'tCll µ;: ry.n.,pOGUmKOU<; Oi]µvtort~ Mr wv.; TJAO..,po<:<rcn~oui; JCPIJ)Mcn« 11 aKO\lll µnopd Vil µnwflri m: O\J)'KE\'1/J&KID' µucpcln:p£~ 11710 50 mg,m1. Ora.· x ;,rymµ01to10U\-rc: qi,\,pa on6 ucpaaµa, '1 !ltplO."'IU;OtT)1D. 'IWV i:afup6l'' OlpllllV ClE CIKOVIJ µnopd VQ µoeiild Cit l 0 ~g'm1. ITniairo,; 8: I11)yic oc:n:o}ll'lwv, µtrpa clfyxou, anow..oopaniwnrra pdt,ia,i, = i.:om:o, ym -;-:: ~10Jll!Xavia toiui:vrau noooan1 a;;~.i:A£OJl(rn· TTIJYli 00!0pllciw Mi:tpa rM:y'J!lU E~ K~)ll:i~-:T.1~ i,.: l\µtotr; o:no~ ano 4>iA.Tpa O!IO uqiaoµa Cd. Pb: > 95 5pWKTtlj~. JlUAlM, b)pavnip~ !\µtat< n-noµnii; ano HAo..-rpocmmicoi qiriµvicmjp~ Cd. Pb: > 95 l!tptOIP()(Jlli;O~ wf>a vour;. 'l'in.~ KAivttp l\µa,r; 0010µ.ni:r; ano Tltpl0fpckpt1::our; wfJa AnOppO<jll]OT) avflpaxa Hg:,. 95 vour; Yakoupyia (llOpQptlJµa n mtJJYopio Bl 54. Oaov 01popi,. 'IIJ" ua>-oupyia. 0t OO!OjUltc; µo>.i,(J&iu rlvm iliumpa ~ mv AJ]cp!lOU\• Vl!Oljll) ta &ai:,opa 001) \HIAOII 't0 onoia XJlllOIJI01IOIO\J\I µo).ufloo ~ npcin:lJ ~ (n.x., Kpucna)J.a. m3o6u.oi ~. I'Ilj\l nqJbruooq ulwvwv ntpUrrWY ~ 0t o:,r()Jmk iwMf:16ou d;aptilMm a.n6 UJV 7tOlO'tl)'tll T1Jt,; ~t; tiaA.oti nou XJ)llCIIJSO nOID'llll cmi 6tEpyl!Oia. H 1ltplllcrl1COtl m: µ6ku!J6o ~ omvri,; mr6 'tlJ" ~ TIJ<; ualou 0UV1j&,r; 01101 20-60 " m:pinou. 3455 55. 0i ooioµn~ CJl(OVI)<; llpoipxovrcu ntpw,; an6 'tl)V avapnQ1 pryµacwv, tu;~. Til; 6uixum; 6U1p~ mtO ~ mµivlllV, JCa1 -cqv WulO) ~a.ma mt f!l!pUOIJOIJ -ro,v npaiOVUdV i>aAov. EolptfM!ll, wpib!C;. ano t0 d6~ muoiµou nou XPJJOlp.Ollom m, to d&,i; 'tl)t; mpivou, rm tQ dSo,;; ti),; liaAou nou llapayttm. Oi mucm\p8; muaiµou owyovou µnopoti-,, va µtt&IOOU\' tO\' oyr.o Tllll' anolfurr(llY atpilllv m1 'ti), ~pat; mnvo6oxou mra 60 %. Ot DC1oµnh; p&J,~u a.mi 11'l.u-tpoc11 lltwavOTJ rlvru OJJ)UMDCii XC1Jl11l.6-a:pa; ano u,; ootoµnb; itou fuuDoupyowr!Il an6 'tlJV muOl'j m:tpE AO.iou~a.Epiou. 56. Ta µrlypata MWVOUV OE ouvEXrlc; ~- lJµq>rjmou,; dijlav011,;, 11 xlllVElltljpta.. IE nq,im"IIIOTJ niw>V tijbJ,; 110\I XPIJO!jlOl!OIOUVflll QCM•i:xri,; KaplVOl, 01 mt~ OICOVI),; nouciUollV Ol)pavnm. 01 D:l!O~ mc6vl),; mt6 6r.l;aµEvtc; 1tpucmillou (< 5 kg/Mg WJlEVllc; iiaAou) rlvat UljllJl.o-ttpEc; oi: ~!OIJ OllO tlCllO~ ano ~ 6r.l;aµrvtc; (< 1 kg/Mg Al(a)pivrJc; uypuriAou). 57. ~ TlllV phf>i'l" yuI 'ti) p.DIIIOIJ 'tllll' aptolllV o:2IOJlJIW" OKOV!jc; llOU nrpiixo pi:mlla UVCl1 'ta ~C XOWIIIOUJOIJ 't0U pdyµato,; va.\ou, µt:mt~ 'WU ~ {I~ IOatE \IQ AlltOUpyll JJE 1Jl.aTpuco po,pa avtt JJC µatoirr 11 atpio, qx>p-ti,KIIJ ~u 'tJlll~ ~ VOAIJ1V Oto prlyµa, ml. q,apµoy1l ~ ~ np,irrlllV ,.\,:,..~.......;, .,,....J.<\ol"'-\...""'r<"P""'"'\,,rJP'!V t'u,lo,d,1'1 nnlny,\ v,,nvl,,7V ",;>I' m-n,J:vnt,v uaL,86ot.Tq ~Ill ua.\ou nlJYl\ IDOjfflb!V MhpaiMyy,ou l'i.)lEorc; ooroµirtc; cW..tpamt6ucpaoµa J-0.a.,:poaumicoi Kp!J~ nwpo-11li:al1Kri ~10µ1xavia (napc\:p"t'ljµ.a II i:cmiyopia S') A:now.£0Jlinu.imrm Komo-~ (O\llll)}Jm JlElll,llJlfl; TI)'; ~ ICOOTOQ (%) > 98 > 90 59. rui xlwpO-aA!cCIAUCfJ ~lO)l!]XCJ\ia napayovroi d2' IJAK4W'K<l u6poW6ui Kat u6poyovo 6iaµmou 11>.o..'"Ipo).uOIJc; 6uwipa t()(; cwrro,;. !ti,; umipXOuot<: i:ymraotticn:u; XPlJOlpOllOIQuvtal EUpvntta lJ 6iq:ryaoi11 u6papyupou ICQl JJ 6ttpyaaia 6uuppayµam; nou anorrovvta.1 m1 01 6tio yin 'tlJ" ttpapµoyrj op8wv itpru..-cu.:wv npomµtvou va Cll!O'tpctt:rol 11 61Jilloupyia 71£fll~aUot-n1tciiv npojD,JJµat(J)V. H 61l:f1Ya.ola fltllpflCMJ(; &v ruipciyn ~ IX7tO~ u6papyi,pou. EW 11.ou, 11apouC11ai;o xuµ!]AO'ttf!JJ 11>..a..7.-poJI.ITtU:lj EV£PYDO, i.:ll! Uljl!JAimpIJ 3qipu.,j w,iJ yio cn,yuvi:p<dOU~ ~ u6pob:i/iUJJ1• tro owolu.:6 £\"tpyooi::6 wotuyio l:xa. w,; amnt.\00µ11 tvu op1Q.1;;6 ,J.tovD:'tl]µa yta 'U)V UXVolovia 111c; icuna.pi1.11c; µq.i~piMJ:; UJ<; t~c; t0U l 0-15 %) mi µla OU}ll!ayrot[plJ >.ntoupyia tUljli:)J;Jv. fm to M'(O IJl1TO 3wpriun we; lJ npon)lld)lEl'll Ell!AO)'ri ym vi-B; Eyl:l1tllO'tCl(c;. H cmoq>a.OIJ 90/l "tlJ,; Emtpo*• 'tl)t l41JC: louviou 1990, yw 'tTf'' np6Ar]ljll] "tl)t 00Ml0010\ PunavCJTJ,; 11710 Xqioaio; n11yi:c; {P ARCOM) OV\11.Cl'tO: '[O\' 'ilpOolituTIICO napOJWIJµO, '[0 'Ul):irrtpo 6uvmov, tWY x>.wpD-<1Aw.1:i:wv i:ymracrmot(JJ\I 1CU1j1Vuilv o6papyupou µt at6xo 'tTf" opurnd] cmtVEpYOllOUJOI\ wu,; ~ '[() 2010. 60. Oi a.liu:t<; cm:v6uoac; 01 onoia; anarroiMat y,a 'tl)V avn~ Kl.lljldiilv u6papyi,pou.µt 'DJ 6u:pyaoia ~pcMJc; avi:pxovra101Jµtp<,1Va µt a..--nµi'Joo<;, cno i:ninr.6o TlllV 700-1 000 6o}.).apilllV HIL\ 700-1 OOO{M.g 0 2• Mo>..ovon fD!oprl VO llf)OIClllj!El npoo5tro i:ooro,;, µrt~ ill.r.,,v, M'(lll Uljll]AO'tEpOU mat:01; XPll<JIJ«; ICIU ICOOTOo<; -i;a,,'\cipwµoi, ~ ~ 'tO i:<icnoc; >.ntoupyiru; c:rnJ\' TW.1ovimyca tCil\l ltEpl'ltt(j)OO,)V l'la paw.'.ld Avr:6 ocprl)..;:rDI. ~ ot doucowp,J0111COO"touc; loyw XOJllJAO'IEpljc; l:\'tpyam:1;, 11:atavaAIOOTJ<; Klll xaµJ')A6upou ,:oorouc; ~~ m1 Slli3roit,; >.vpau.w. 61. 01 7llJyE.; ootopnciiv u6po.pyvpou crco nqiifx!Uov 01 011oia; ~ O'tl) 6iq,yaola uSpapyupou rlwi 01 ~ ~~ &Mµou 1:1Jlflrl.i:iv, muaaq,ia 6u:pyaaiar;, !!poiOV'ta, i6wic; uSpoyovo = }J,µara. Ooov rupopci 'DI; ooiopntc; <lt1J'' mµbacpcupa, iowittpo. OTJJllMllOl tiVll1 lJ 6uixoari o6papyupou ano u,; niljl~ (J'[0 8iu.apo nnpww. Ta npo)Jpmxli: µi:rpa uu o Eht)'Xo<; qouv FfQAJJ Ol}paoia mi lla llpbm. va too<; 6o3d npotEpCllOllJtCl avaloyu pt 'tlj axcru:iJ ariµaoia mflr fflJYllC: ot m8E auyicncptµM\ tymtnamm). fiCMlllc;. mtarroinrtm t6iaiupa µi:rpa tli:yp, bmv avm:tm:m u6papyupoc; al!O iJwr.r; lIO\J npodnrn,uv cm6 'tlJ 6u:pyaoia. 62. Mnoprl va J.siq,8ow ta mcoloo3a phpa npomµivou va µn,,i8ouv 01 ECto~ a.no Uf~ q,mtal7(Q(Ec; 6iq,ynaiac; v6papyupou: EAt'r'Xo<; 'tlJt 6u:pynma.c; ICCU uxvim pzrpa. yta "tTJ 13tlncd01l 'ti}(: }.moopyia,; tlll\' 1:UljlW!V, ovvoiPlJOIJ ml anow.t aµan,:~ µifio6o1 tpya.oiac;. xa>.i,µpcna, oqipayioµam mt tltyxoµtVII E".!;aipc,,OTJ Jll avap~!JOT\, mtlaplO)l6c; '[(dV ~ 1CU1jlEAWV mt µhpa ,n Ol!Oia ouµflc'l}J.ouv m llal.ajl01 w pnopoiJv w ~ m&poi nncoMttpa IClll m&pwµ6i; oplDjl,O'fllV mw:pkuv {opWjlM µo).uaµtva anatp111 mt atpm u6poyOVOt1). 3456 63. Ta µttpa atmt JUIOpow va 11Ef11oploouv w; -nµl:c; mtoµmiiv oopopyupou at DJim:6a owp~ µu:pottpa llllO 2,0 g/Mg IIClM)tlf[ll,; napay~ d 2 i:crra µtoo bpo ttlJCIWC;. Ymipxouv napo&iypam ~ m onoia; 71ttUX(111 00toµnic; aaq,~ µn:pcmpEC; cmo 1,0 g/Mg ooivimyt:~ napay~ Cl~ Xap11 aop cm6q,aaq PARCOM 90/3, 01 llll~ XAlllP0-llAIClll\lXD; l:yl(111:rurtaatLC UltO~KllV va O'UPJ10pf!'oo8ouv npoc TO rnim:6o TlllV 2 g Hg/Mg al a.w; 11< 31 .6D.rp.ppiou 1996 000\f oq,opa Tl<; ooroµ.~ l!OIJ icaAimrovmi m!O t1J ouµflnarl yut t11V l!pOAl)ljll) TIJ(: flaMootac; plJJJavO!]r; 0110 xq,a• mJvt~ Llr6oµtvou OT\ 01 ooioµ,tir; ~"<Ill ar µry@.o po8µ6 Mo uc; op3b; npm;nd:c; AllToupyiai;, 0 µtacx; opor; EQlj)TCLTC1l mro uc; mp166ovc; awnu>11011,; 1100 mvovu:n 3a npina vn UV(ll 6lClplCnll<: EVO<; i:rour; !Cam ll\O~arn opto. AlloTtqiplllCllJ aC1T1icliiv, taTpti:wv 1:01 cmdv6uvrov a11opl~n1v (napapTIJµa II 1=1JY~ l 0 i:m 11) 64. R mro:mpf'(llO!] 'till aattM, urrpucwv; mi cmrlv6UV<DV ano/fuj,wv JlffllP8 va npo,:o).n,oov ootoµ,iit m6piou, poli,f.16ou KIii u6papyupou. Kam TTJ bltfJYOOUl ~ovnu u6papyupo, iva. C11Jlll11'l1KO ~ KOOµiou, mt pn:p6ttpt~ n~ µo>.i,f!Sou, Ilpbrn va ~ 16tain:pn µttpo npn• i:m µroi "tlJY ~pi,>Ol) npomµtvou vn pni,i3oov Ol t\' AOylll flCl!O~ 65. H PD..Tl01TJ 6Ul3rotµ11 t£Xl'O}.oyia yin Tl'I" anot.OVUIOIJ flwpowtm m 1Ji).-rpa axo i.ttpaopa ai: miv6uaaµb pt t:qp~ ~ uyp~ µd)66o~ ym TOV fuvxo tlllV 7mJUM ououdv. Oi 11>.n..cpooww.oi Kp!Jµvwtil; at Clllv61JQClfW µt uypi oucmjpara Jl'IOpn VC1 O):t&ao80W, tmOI]~ npomµtvm, VO. ~OUV XoPJjNi O!UIEb<1 OOIOJl'ltdl' OICOVl)t, 11j)OOlpEpo!A' oµi,i,; '~~'ti~'l'Et'~!l!l~Jpl~~·i,~ .11pOOIC, 1jlll.,VJll Pl~,-ll?IJ>~ TlllV l!'Il)Ul:lllV OtlOU11\', 66. 'Orav XPlJCll!IOl!OitiTCll lJ IID-mmi 6ia.::ltoiµrJ ;qvo>.oyin yut toV i:a!lapiaµ.6 ,111 otpifllll KClllVOOOXOU, lJ cruyro,:pcoori OW\IJl, µowvttat at minE6o nou ruµa.ivrnµ mro 1 o ~ 2 o mg/m '. !UJV npal;lJ, DnTll\').'CI\IOV[Cll µu.:potcpEC; ouym-tp<OODc; IC(l1, opioµtvt cpops;, (IY(lf!'Ep3lJ'ICltV cruyi;tvtpwanc; ~ ami 1 mg/m1• 01 cruymrrpcooac; u6pa.p yupot1 Jll!Oprl V(l µnw3otiv OE mbrtlio 0,05 mi<; 0,10 mg/m3 (roYOVUCOllOUJJW'II ot 11 % Ol). 67. Ta Ol]µa.vrucirttpa µtrpo. )llllllCl!J<:; Tlt)V OMtpOytVOJ\' 0010µ,rc:r.• napououitov-rm arov mvam 10. Eivat 6~o).o va napCIO):tOouv YEVllm iyicupa. ormxrlo, yurrl TO IJXO'llCO i.:ooroi; ot 60Allp10. HIIA (II'(! T0\10 tl;a.p-ranu lll!O [\/(I i!imhtpa rupti q,acrµa µrt~CO\' l!OU CMlcptpovun Cit CIIJYKO:ptµb"B; EymUIC!fCIOtlc; Ol!III<;. )'Ill 710pafuyµa, lJ auv&O!] TCil\' anoj3¼r(IJV. 68. Bapta µiTClAA!I CIUVllVtciJvro:i CIC Oflll Ta 1CA1icrµara TOU pctiµm~ TlllV OCITIICOJV wtOIP,.ijTlllV (7!.X- npoiQ\'tll, xaprl. opyavoo'J tiliJ). Kma 0\/\UIM, WI µowlhl lJ l!OClcmyta TlllV lllllllCtdl' onojrurrlll\' Tt1 onoia Ol!OTE(jlptaVO\'tlll, JUIOpti mimi~ VC1 µnw3ovv OI OOIOJJllt<; llaptwv µnfilwv. AUTO JUIOpD \'II mttn,x8d Olll!,l£00U 61a.cpopwv OTparrJYIXOJV 6~ TCil\' anoffAJj.lllV µrec.OJ Twv onoUl!V ouµmplAllµ.PCtVDvtm npoypaµµara II\'!ll,.'lJ1:A1t>C11Jo; mt 11 All!aoµcrtonoirJori TlllV opyll\-o::iir.· u/u;iv. EWJ..01.1, opu:,µi:vtc; xoopcc; Tl], Ou,ovoµu:iJc; Emi:pomjr; TCil\' Hv~fllll S1vW'· )'lil TIJ" Eupwill] mrtpEl'IOU\' 'ITJ'' mlplj TIIIV acrttX<iJv ano/rurtllll'. u: µia. optla 01axop1tbJlfYT1 xwµmtprj, ()\ ooioµmc; m6µio11 l;(ll µ0MP6ot1 µrJbcvil;Ol'tlll £\'W Ot a.,roµ.nb:; uopapvtipou µnopti va riva1 µ11Cp0tt:p£i; a.,o ni; EJ.7tOµnk 01 onoirc; nc.payovrm ant\ TIJ" ano-rtqipoo:J. It nollic; xwpi:i; tT]\ Ou:ovoµ1i.:ric; Em-rponrii; TCil\' Hvwµb•w-,· Ea-in· 1~11 'ITJ'' EupwillJ. fo£~ayovra1 ipwvcc; 01uu:c IL€ Tl, mioµnti; u6papytipou a,,6 Xlllµatrpk ITivaK°' JO: n'IYtc OJroµnwv, papa F)J:yxou, a.no1c\roµam:cn:a µtiwCJIJt KOi i:ooroi; tT]t a:rowppwori, cwn..:wv. urrpll(Wv IClll omci116wwv ano,IP.,rrwv A11on:).n,\m1,;im1w TIJC J;:w.o,; )ltUIKlllC !lJjytc o.:noµ.-cwv Mhpc.t.\i:yxou µOWCIT}C (ovvo"!,11:6 t:botot; CE USP ;%) Kauoa.tp111 Kaµn·• JThuvrpi&c; Uljll]Af), a.no6on- Pb. Cd:> 98 KOtlJTCl<:; Hg: ca. 50 HMXTpocmrcu,oi i:plJµvtcrm ( 3 Pb, Cd: 80-90 10-20/Mg a.;tOIJAirtlolV 71E6ia.) Yypoi lJA.OCrpooracucoi !:plJ!1'~- Pb. 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Ev6rxoµtv11X;, '1 11Epio6oc; ll1mJ Jll!OpEi w. nnpcrraSrl yta ouynxpqiv£,; VRC!JlXouro; ~ ¥ uuµq,= µ£ TfJ'' 11£f)1o6o anbo(ltllljt; '1 onoia npo~cu ano TIJV rlhrudJ voµo3mia. 3458 11.AP.APTHMA V Op~ ~ YUi 'tOV fu:vxo T<iJY DCnllfllWV mm Cl1JP«Vtl~ amDq,~ fflJ)'tc; L El!AfOni 1. Ooov lllj)Opa TOY fu:yxo TiiJV OOTOJlltbl\l ~ p£IiiJJ.b>v, 6uo d6I} opm:,i,v Tlpiliv dvm OIJ~ · - 01 op~ npa; ~ flapilllv µrriuJwn, i\ opli&,,v f.lapti.iv µaii)Ju,,v, m1 01 u~ 001oµnciiv <llll)Ul'MWV yrvrdJ.. 2. Kamf>xilv, 01 0~ 'tlµi,; ~ &v µnopow VC! avtlKlltlJCt7)®1/V 'tic; ouyuxj)~ 0~ t1Jl8; TOll m6µiou, TOU ,µoluif56ou IClll 'l:0U u6papyupou, yum 01 71000"Cl)'tt, 'lfll\l ~ 710U ouvotovmi µ£ -w; 00!~ awpao6iwv ICU)lllivovuu ~ )l£ TII 6iq,yaaia., Evt0Ut01t;, TJ 01.ljlJlOPfCUOIJ npoi; m opta llllUI oup.l3o)J.a oriµavnm at11 µdtaioq '[(dV ElC!Oflllldl' ~ µroi)JJ,Jv ytvuai. Emillov, lJ napa,:o>.ov3tJori DJ!Ojll!WI' Olllpcnwiwv, yt\'IXQ, dYCll o>.iycm:po 61I!U1V1JpTJ mto '[IJ\''41~1\ii,j--$.ata:,.w,..-a&iw.;mi;,:.~--:lf~~~·~IIIV fla.pu,,v µi:r6lli,,v rivm tcpocaj. Kam avvbm.o., 01 op~ up!- T11111 OlilµanliUIJ\• cy OIJV µqiilJi ~"DXlJ · OIJµaoia xot opitovmi. miCIIJ,;, aro na.pop-trJµa ~ ~ 7!IplOOcmp~ 1!Eplll'[W<J£K npomµb-ou va <JlJ)171Allpr,,&i,v ti va m'tWITD. omllouv 01 opuu:~ n6irli; ~ yta '1:0 XCIOJ.110, TO µo>.ul3oo ti TOY u6popyupo. 3. Ot opuixt- uµb;. ixq,po.aµtvtl; 11><; mg/ml, avaiptpovuu m: npcm.rns; ovvfu'i~ (oyi.:~ m.: 273.15 K. 101,3 kPa. t11po aip10) Kat U710A~ ~ ~ ~ lllpmiCIIV µt'[pT)otCIIV 01 ~ i;a:\inrrouv CVQ opu,ptvo apt8µo lllpiOV AEl'rOUpyu!~ 1'11".ll XOVOl'O 24 W~ 01 nr.pio6m yta 'tllV avalltpµavmJ ICll1 TO 0.f:imµo 'tOU ~'OU MV U710~,U:OVT111. 0 XPOV<X; nou . 07larrriTat '{IQ tov xo.fupwµo TIJc; JIWIJ, 'tljll]t µru>pn va mn..alla, tiJ.v Xfl£I008d, llflOUl!lt\'OU va ~a>.wllouv map,;~ axptjli\ !lllawJoµina 7tap111Co~ Ooov wpopa TlJV ~ TlllV mvoatpic,n, or o;uybvo, tcpapµbtovuu 01 ~ nou 6i6ovtm yta ~ clpia; ura&ptc; ~ Anayopo',ttm omna61}1!ott apoiw01J µ£ oxono TlJV apaiCllOlJ TIii\' ~ TIIIV pum,iv OT11 xa.uoatpia. 01 op10~ npb; yin m flcpta µttaUa ~OU\' w µha)J.a iau TO lllJO"CQ'lW1 Touc; m: cmpdl. atp10 nu crtJllOOIJ µopqn'J. 01 opiai.it; 'tlph; nou 6ioovtw yta nc; OU\'OAI~ OOIO)lllfc;, a:tp~ 11><; ypaµµapui ~ µova&c; 7tapaywyiic; !J lKIJVcrtTJTO, Q\'UOTOl)'.Q, avnq,tpovrw crro 68poiaµa TtilV OOtOJlllldV KOJI\IOOOXOU KCII 1tpOOKClljl(l)V ooioµni:w 11710~-U:O)l[VO 11><; ctiJ<na tlJDl. 4. Owv &v µnopri CJIO(A£1aiiri lllltp()aOl) &6oµtvwv Oj)IOKldV nµwv, 7tapOK01olll'loirvtru rlu 01 ooioµ,iic; ~ µio ::apapt '[~ C1i6o01Jc nou &i):''El cai· µio OUOKW!J i)J:yy ou mwupyrl i.:ru owtTJpri,ru i.:cn:olllj).a. H napcn:o1oin'hJ01J ,W\' ootoµnwv ii Tu)\' 6£1.lCtW\' ClibOCIIJc; npim:t va rlvcu OUV£Jetic; tiJ.v 11 poij llJ, OOlt}l7iO!ID'IJc; ~ ow!J'1"t16ii,n, 1111£jlp0.n'l'I m l 0 kg/h. Em· napaxo>.ou3olJV[lll 01 =~ 0\ ouyuvrpwonc; tlllV cnµooq,wpii.:wv pimc,w ~- atpllY"'YOUc; npt;m VO. p£IpoiMcu JJ£ o.."'l!p00111nMU1:o Tpono. Eov Ta owµarl610 1111paico>.ou8ouvtru µ£ ciauaj Tpono, 0\ 01.l'fUl'l:pwoac; ttprna va µa:pwvun ot til.1..-ru:a 610ot!Jµo:ro i.:Cll at Kall£ EW(XO npi:no va 6l£1'£!1YOUVtCll ,poc; ~puri.Ic; µctpijoa~ TipOUl va 01£\'EpyOU\'Ull 6oyµaco11}ljl1[t; Kill Q\'llAUOOc; ONJIV '[11111 'pimwv t.'.a\ '[1,1\1 µtllo6c.r.· µrtplJO'l)c; mui;iopwv yui llJ ~a3µo voµq01) TIil\' m.rtOpau,w 01.lat!J)llrtlll\' JihPTJO!Jc; auµcpwva JJ£ 'ta npc'mma run, i) -a 8roni.an ?J EuJlC117!11110i Em.pom\ TUllOl!OUJ(JIJ, (CEN) ~ o t.iillvr)c; Opyavwµoc; T\Jl!OllOUJO!J, (ISO). 'Ec.x; OTOU m'llmlJX3ouv ta :.pO'MUl CEN !J ISO, Eq!apµCll;O\."tQI TQ E&vucb npowna. Ta t8vtm npimmo. µnoprl VO. XPIJC11µo11011J{low tcp6om• i!C:p(XOUI' anan:).i-aµata mo6uvo.µo 11J)O'; Ta npO'tU11a CEN ~ ISO. 5. IllJ" ntpbn:WCIIJ 'ti'(, awr:xouc; napai,:oi.ou31Jaq~ imapxn oupµcipq>wOIJ npa<; nc; op~ nµtc cai• mµia a.-ro u,; U71Moyw:lriorc; ~ 'tljlEc; wv i.u:oorm:piu,ipwv OU)'l(Mpwotlll'' Tll!V 'tljlWI' 61:\· 1171tppaiva 'ti!'' . OPlllKll uµii ~ tiJ.v IJ 2%PIJ Jl(OlJ 'tljllj TTJc; napaxo1ou3q&ioa.c; napaµcrpou 6Ev unr.p~vo TlJ OUO).ntO)lMI nµi\ 'Ujt o· }J,ylll napoµtrpou 1J 011oia iro8opio3TJ1:t mra llJ Suipmo SoKlJUI,; ctl6001J<; Ullo auv3i'JJ:£c; m>Jic; J..moupyi<M; mi 01.l\"lPIJOT('; llJc; aum:nn'ti; W(XOU. I£ 71EpUl'tlllOIJ 00\M:XOUc; napaicoi.oiifuiaqc; '[(11\1 fXlloµm:,v, Ullapxn ouµµopcpCUOIJ ~ TJ !l£01J ~ Q\'(l w:.r,.o 6£ unr.p/kzivn Tl')V opiw.:i; Tl)lli. Iuµµofl9Jf')Ol) llpcl(; i.:63£ op1w:ij nµ~. ixq,pal;bµ[''fl w<; ai!Yo>.o tD!OJlllldY ([VQ µovolia napayr.,yi\c; i\ we; IJU\f01!1o:tt mjmt{ IXllO)lllfc;, tllmlyXaY£'tOI rav TJ napmcoi.ou3ritlrloa nµi\ Of:\' tr..tpl>aivron auµ91Mt µt TIJV napamiv11J nqnypaq,~. ll. EmrTHMONIKE! OPIAK.EI TIMEI I1A ErnAErMENEI ICYPIEI ITA9EPEI l1HJ'EI KauOIJ opuuwv i.:auoiµwv (napap-trJµo D mt!JYOpia 1): 7. H opuu:ii uµq yia ~ un¢ oo,µcmliU11V ano cm:pai Km uypa miOljlQ: so mg/m1• Mova6tc; ovoamµa,woqc; (711lp0p'[lJJlil n KmTJYOpui 2J: 8. Optadt TIJI~ yw uc; ooroµ,rtc <761panoo,lV: 50 mg/m1. Movaot, ICOU01I01l]Oljc; (llapa.ptlJµa II mtrJYOpia 2): 9. Op101..,i nµii yia u, o:no~ awµan6iw. a) ouvflAJljllj, ~pavoq; 25 mg/m3 mi ~) KOn'.0710U)l1lJ: 25 mgfm\ 3459 10. Opu:oo'J 'ttJlli yia "CIJ ouvo>.uciJ D:!IOJlffll 11111jU1TlbUIIY: 40 g/Mg ~ mtOOIIV. Y1pu:aµ1vo1 (napaptIJµa n maiyopia 3): 11. Opuroi tJµii yin tu; ooro~ Clll)µan6ic,n,: 50 mg/m3• Kilµivoi ~ol-ra.iKo'U 1=0tou (mipapt!Jflll n maiyopia 3): 12. OpUl!Oj tJµii yin ur; 001oµna; ~ 20 mgjm3. no.paywyi\ xahov i::01 lfl£1100pyupou, ouµntp1l11µ.~avoµtvwv tCIIV ,0µiv111v Imperial Smelting ~µtr .. iL mtlJ;'O~ 5 mi 6): 13. Opuu:ii nµTj yin -nr; rotoµni't; Olllµan6UllV: 20 mg/m3. napaywyq µo>..u~6ou (n«paflTI1flll n KlmJYOpia; 5 mi 6): T 01µrvto ~IOJllJX«via (nopaptTJµa II Kllt!JYOpia 7): 15. Opiw..iJ nµTj yio -nc; ooioµnk uwµanoi= 50 mg/m3• Yo>..oupyia {nopaP"CIJpCi I! Ka"Cl}yopio 8): 16. 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Anottfjlpwo!] aoT1i:wv, 1atp1Kwv i:a1 cmi:iv6vv1Jl\' ano~i..ritwv (napaptr]µa II KllTIJYopirc; 10 Kat 11) 21. 01 opicu.t, -aµtc; avaqitpovrn1 ot ouyi:tVCpwoo~ ol;ovro,; 11 % crra muoai.p1a. 22. Opuu..-Tj TIJl~ YtCl uc; 001oµnt, 010µan6it,n-: a.) IO mg/m' yin 11)V (lTIOUq>plJll1l) oni,;iv6vvlllV l(lll 10tp1i:wv wio(lMTIJl\" ill 25 mg;m' yin "Cl}\' anowppWO!] aom:wv anop'AfyrlJlv. 2 3. Opuu..,; Tlflll yin n, o..'l!oµnt, u6papyilpou: a) 0,05 mg/m1 yin "CIJV mimiljlplllOTJ rnu:!vb= Ollol!)JiTIJlV• ~) 0,08 mg/m3 yin "CIJV rmowppCIIO!] acrrucwv anojikirrwv· y) 01 opiaw; nµb; D:l!Opncau cmo "CIJV axompj)(IIOIJ lOTptXldV C1110iruru,,v 01 Ol!Oltt nEpiqOtl\· u6papyupo Do. ~ yrJllot',v MO TQ µ£flt) TO onoia fu cuvi:>Sauv (1"[0 'IW1icno tOU o:tt1tarncou Opyav<lU 6uo rnJ TO apyotqlO µmi Tl!" lJµqlOpll\'Ul fl£0Tj<; at IOXU TOV llQ/)OVt"O<; llf)WTOCO>J.ou. 3460 ITAPAPTiiMA VI Mi:rpa a.lyxou -rrov npoibvr11111 1. 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