China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty By 2020, ensure all the rural population for all people everywhere, currently living under China’s current poverty line, measured as people living on less than or over 50 million people, are lifted out of $1.25 a day poverty, achieve poverty alleviation in all poor counties and solve the overall regional poverty issues.

1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the By 2020, eradicate poverty for all by taking proportion of men, women and children categorized and targeted alleviation mea- of all ages living in poverty in all its sures for rural population living in poverty, dimensions according to national defi- under the guidance of accurate identifica- nitions tion of poverty, good project arrangements, targeted fund usage, precise measures for households, designated staff to villages, and refined achievement assessment.

1.3 Implement nationally appropriate By 2020, establish and improve a more eq- social protection systems and measures uitable and sustainable social protection sys- for all, including floors, and by 2030 tem by improving the social insurance sys- achieve substantial coverage of the tem and basically ensuring universal social poor and the vulnerable protection coverage for eligible citizens.

1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and By 2020, enact and improve laws, regulations women, in particular the poor and the and policies to protect women’s rights to equal- vulnerable, have equal rights to economic ly participate in economic development, ensure resources, as well as access to basic ser- women’s equal access to economic resources vices, ownership and control over land and effective services, and ensure that women and other forms of property, inheritance, enjoy equal rights as men in terms of contract- natural resources, appropriate new tech- ed rural land use, use of rural housing land, nology and financial services, including and right to distribution of collective income. microfinance By 2020, make microfinance fully accessible to eligible poor households with effective loan demands and, on a trial basis, give collective equity compensation to original residents in poverty-stricken areas whose collective land has been used for development of hydropower or mineral resources. 18 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the By prevention and integrating the preven- poor and those in vulnerable situations tion, resistance and relief efforts, strengthen and reduce their exposure and vulnera- overall capability to prevent and reduce the bility to climate-related extreme events impact of natural disasters including mete- and other economic, social and envi- orological, flood, drought, earthquake, geo- ronmental shocks and disasters logical and maritime ones. 1.a Ensure significant mobilization of Deliver on the pledge of the Assistance Fund resources from a variety of sources, for South-South Cooperation and substan- including through enhanced develop- tative initiatives including that of the “Six ment cooperation, in order to provide 100s” projects announced by President Xi adequate and predictable means for Jinping during the United Nation’s Sustain- developing countries, in particular least able Development Summit in September developed countries, to implement pro- 2015, help other developing countries to de- grammes and policies to end poverty in velop economies, improve people’s well-be- all its dimensions ing and eliminate poverty, and push inter- national cooperation on poverty reduction to a broader scope, higher level and greater depth. 1.b Create sound policy frameworks at Share and spread China’s concepts, experi- the national, regional and international ence and practices on poverty reduction via levels, based on pro-poor and gen- such platforms as the High-Level Forum der-sensitive development strategies, to on Poverty Reduction and Development, support accelerated investment in pov- the China-ASEAN Forum on Social De- erty eradication actions velopment and Poverty Reduction, and the China-Africa Poverty Reduction and Devel- opment Conference, which is a sub-forum of FOCAC, and explore how to channel more investment into poverty reduction. Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and pro- mote sustainable agriculture

2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure By 2020, maintain national grain produc- access by all people, in particular the tion at above 600 billion kilograms, ensure poor and people in vulnerable situa- ample supplies of wheat, grain, edible oil, tions, including infants, to safe, nutri- meat, egg, milk, fruit, vegetable and tea, and tious and sufficient food all year round ensure at least 97 percent of qualification rate in safety of major agricultural products. Strengthen the food security mechanism for needy groups, ensuring year-round safe, nu- tritious and ample food supply for all. 19 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutri- By 2020, realize per capita annual grain con- tion, including achieving, by 2025, the sumption of 200 kilograms and that of edible internationally agreed targets on stunt- oil 15 kilograms; keep the rate of stunting in ing and wasting in children under 5 children under 5 years of age below 7 per- years of age, and address the nutritional cent and underweight rate below 5 percent; needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and launch nutrition improvement projects for lactating women and older persons children in poverty-stricken areas, conduct publicity and education campaigns on health and nutrition knowledge, and provide nutri- tion guidance and intervention for groups such as adolescent girls, and pregnant, lac- tating and elderly women.

2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural By 2020, improve technologies, equipment productivity and incomes of small- and IT application in agriculture to increase scale food producers, in particular agricultural productivity; implement the pol- women, indigenous peoples, family icy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, pastoralists and fishers, in- farmers, enriching rural areas, and achieving cluding through secure and equal ac- sustainable agricultural development. Finan- cess to land, other productive resourc- cial institutions like the banks will increase es and inputs, knowledge, financial loans to farmers and agricultural business services, markets and opportunities for entities. By 2020, ensure sustained growth value addition and non-farm employ- in agriculture-related loans every year and ment realize basic financial services for all admin- istrative villages while conditions permitted.

2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food Implement the National Plan for Sustainable production systems and implement Agricultural Development (2015-2030). resilient agricultural practices that in- By 2020, ensure early positive results in crease productivity and production, sustainable agricultural development. By that help maintain ecosystems, that 2030, achieve notable progress in sustain- strengthen capacity for adaptation able agricultural development and establish to climate change, extreme weather, a new model of sustainable agricultural de- drought, flooding and other disasters velopment featuring adequate supplies, high and that progressively improve land resource efficiency, fertile farmlands, stable and soil quality ecosystem, prosperous rural households, and pastoral beauty. Vigorously promote eco-friendly agriculture by promoting zero growth in fertilizers and pesticides. Launch circular agriculture demonstration projects and set up pilot zones of sustainable agricul- tural development. 20 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic di- By 2020, set up a national system for germ- versity of seeds, cultivated plants and plasm collection, conservation and research, farmed and domesticated animals and build national breeding bases in Hainan, their related wild species, including Gansu, and Sichuan, and 100 regional bases through soundly managed and diversi- for improved variety breeding. Plan and set fied seed and plant banks at the national, up biological resource repositories, conser- regional and international levels, and vation and breeding bases and gene banks promote access to and fair and equitable for artificial populations of wildlife. By sharing of benefits arising from the utili- 2020, establish a stockpiling system for tree zation of genetic resources and associat- seeds, with a seed reserve of 7 million kilo- ed traditional knowledge, as internation- grams and over 95 percent of qualified rate ally agreed of seedling quality. 2.a Increase investment, including By 2022, jointly launch about 10 country through enhanced international coop- programs under the South-South cooperation eration, in rural infrastructure, agricul- framework with the United Nations Food tural research and extension services, and Agriculture Organization, and conduct technology development and plant and cooperation with countries and regions along livestock gene banks in order to en- the Belt and Road routes in such areas as hance agricultural productive capacity crop breeding, animal husbandry, fishery, in developing countries, in particular and processing and trade of agricultural least developed countries products. 2.b Correct and prevent trade restric- Safeguard the multilateral trading system tions and distortions in world agricul- and promote the Doha Round negotiations tural markets, including through the while opposing trade protectionism and parallel elimination of all forms of ag- preventing trade restrictions and distortions ricultural export subsidies and all ex- in world agricultural markets. By 2020, in- port measures with equivalent effect, crementally expand the scope and scale of in accordance with the mandate of the Green Box subsidies and adjust and improve Doha Development Round Yellow Box policies. 2.c Adopt measures to ensure the prop- By 2020, place emphasis on market-orient- er functioning of food commodity mar- ed reforms and protection of farmers’ rights kets and their derivatives and facilitate and interests; improve market regulation and timely access to market information, market system for agricultural products to including on food reserves, in order to prevent severe fluctuations in grain price; help limit extreme food price volatility and improve food reserve quality and circu- lation efficiency to ensure food security and safety. 21 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

3.1 By 2030, reduce the global mater- By 2020, reduce the nationwide maternal nal mortality ratio to less than 70 per mortality rate to 18 per 100,000 and by 2030, 100,000 live births endeavor to reduce the nationwide maternal mortality rate to 12 per 100,000.

3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of By 2020, reduce neonatal mortality rate and newborns and children under 5 years of under-five mortality rate to 7.5 per 1,000 age, with all countries aiming to reduce and 9.5 per 1,000 respectively. By 2030, en- neonatal mortality to at least as low as deavor to keep neonatal mortality rate and 12 per 1,000 live births and under5 mor- under-five mortality under 5 per 1,000 and 6 tality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 per 1,000 respectively. live births

3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of By 2020, the proportion of people living AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and ne- with HIV/AIDS who are diagnosed and glected tropical diseases and combat aware of their infection will exceed 90 per- hepatitis, water-borne diseases and oth- cent; the proportion of people living with er communicable diseases HIV/AIDS and with treatable conditions who have received anti-virus treatment will exceed 90 percent; and the treatment suc- cess rate for people living with HIV/AIDS who have received anti-virus treatment will exceed 90 percent. By 2020, the nationwide tuberculosis incidence will drop to 58 per 100,000; malaria will be eradicated, and the prevention rate of maternal-neonatal trans- mission of hepatitis B will exceed 95 per- cent. By 2030, continue to maintain a high rate of hepatitis B vaccination.

3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third pre- By 2025, reduce deaths from cardiovascular mature mortality from non-communi- diseases by 15 percent, increase the five-year cable diseases through prevention and survival rate for cancer victims by 10 per- treatment and promote mental health cent, and reduce the under-70 mortality from and well-being chronic respiratory diseases by 15 percent on the basis of that of 2015. By 2030, spread knowledge about psychological well-being and raise public awareness of mental illness- es such as depression and the importance of seeking medial advice. Improve prevention and treatment of common mental disorders. 22 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treat- Strictly implement laws and regulations ment of substance abuse, including on the management of narcotic drugs and narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of psychotropic substances; implement strict alcohol approval procedures for import and export of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substanc- es; formulate technical standards such as guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-related disorders; strengthen person- nel training, promote rational use of drugs, enhance diagnosis and treatment capabilities and levels, and basically eliminate clinical abuse of narcotic drugs.

3.6 By 2020, halve the number of glob- Improve laws and regulations to accelerate al deaths and injuries from road traffic the building of a transport safety system accidents and improve passenger and freight transport safety and quality，as well as the manage- ment of transport infrastructure projects. Intensify safety supervision over roads, key water areas and ports to prevent occurence of serious and large-scale accidents. En- hance emergency response capabilities by improving related institutions and personnel training, and strengthening monitoring and control of trunk road networks. Improve uni- versal education and publicity on transport safety.

3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access Spread scientific knowledge and information to sexual and reproductive health-care about contraception, prenatal and postna- services, including for family planning, tal care, and reproductive health. Provide information and education, and the contraceptives, medical advice, and clinical integration of reproductive health into reproductive techniques to people of child- national strategies and programmes bearing age. Launch publicity, education and intervention campaigns targeted at youth, women of childbearing age and migration population on sexual health, sexual ethics, and sexual safety. By 2020, fully launch the scientific child rearing and healthy youth development initiative with a 60 percent profiling rate and 70 percent satisfaction rate for services regarding child rearing and ado- lescent development. 23 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, By 2020, reduce the proportion of individual including financial risk protection, medical care spending in total health expen- access to quality essential health-care diture to 28 percent, increase the number services and access to safe, effective, of public health staff per 1,000 residents to quality and affordable essential medi- over 0.83 and the number of general practi- cines and vaccines for all tioners per 10,000 residents to 2, and imple- ment the contracted family doctor services model. Ensure equality and accessibility of basic health care services and encourage extensive sources of participation in health care services. Basically establish a system for comprehensive clinical drug evaluation based on evidence-based medicine and phar- macoeconomics.

3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the Intensify prevention and treatment of pollu- number of deaths and illnesses from tion from hazardous chemicals and promote hazardous chemicals and air, water and the recycling or safe disposal of industrial, soil pollution and contamination agricultural, and household wastes. Reform current environmental governance and es- tablish an emission permit system covering all fixed pollution sources. By 2020, endeav- or to establish a national, centralized and real-time environment monitoring system and improve the environmental information disclosure system. Conduct environmental inspection and strengthen environmental law enforcement. 3.a Strengthen the implementation of By 2020, endeavor to keep tobacco popularity the World Health Organization Frame- among the people aged over 15 below 25 per- work Convention on Tobacco Control cent. Implement the WHO Framework Con- in all countries, as appropriate vention on Tobacco Control to crack down on illicit trade of tobacco products, improve warn- ing messages on cigarette packaging, enhance component testing of tobacco products and information disclosure, intensify supervision over tobacco advertising, promotion and spon- sorship, strictly enforce national taxation and pricing policies, and raise public awareness for tobacco control and the Convention implemen- tation. 24 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 3.b Support the research and development Consistently improve vaccine quality and of vaccines and medicines for the commu- intensify oversight over vaccine manage- nicable and non-communicable diseases ment, transportation, and inoculation. Estab- that primarily affect developing countries, lish a full production-application traceability provide access to affordable essential mechanism for vaccine to elevate the overall medicines and vaccines, in accordance immunization level.Vigorously promote the with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS development of the traditional Chinese med- Agreement and Public Health, which icine and ethnomedicine. affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all 3.c Substantially increase health financ- Increase the assistance of health and medical ing and the recruitment, development, care facilities, personnel and professional training and retention of the health training for other developing countries, es- workforce in developing countries, es- pecially to the least developed countries and pecially in least developed countries and small island developing countries, and help small island developing States other developing countries enhance their health financing. 3.d Strengthen the capacity of all coun- By 2020, ensure that 95 percent of emer- tries, in particular developing countries, gency command health centers in cit- for early warning, risk reduction and ies are upgraded and that 95 percent of management of national and global emergency operation centers for disease health risks control at provincial level are completely built. Strengthen international cooperation and play an active role in preventing ma- jor global acute communicable diseases. 25 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life- long learning opportunities for all

4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and Universalize nine-year free compulsory ed- boys complete free, equitable and qual- ucation and improve education quality in ity primary and secondary education an all-round way. By 2020, retention rate of leading to relevant and effective learn- students for compulsory education will reach ing outcomes 95 percent, achieve equitable development of compulsory education at the county level, and improve the fund guarantee system for urban and rural compulsory education. Ac- celerate narrowing the urban-rural education gap, endeavor to achieve equitable delivery of basic public education services in rural and urban areas, and ensure equal rights of less-privileged groups to compulsory educa- tion.

4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys Expand public and welfare-oriented pre- have access to quality early childhood school education resources, promote the development, care and pre-primary edu- development of public kindergartens, and cation so that they are ready for primary strengthen public welfare-oriented preschool education education in rural area. Ensure eligible children in rural area of mid-west China and newly-added eligible children due to the two-child policy attend kindergartens. By 2020, the gross kindergarten attendance rate for the three preschool years will reach 85 percent. Improve the funding system for preschool education to help the less-privi- leged, such as children from needy families, orphans and children with disabilities, to gain access to public preschool education. Improve the quality of kindergarten teachers. 26 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for By 2020, increase the gross enrollment rate all women and men to affordable and for senior high school education to 90 per- quality technical, vocational and tertia- cent and that for college education to 50 ry education, including university percent, and double the number of people with college education of 2009. Establish mechanism to ensure synchronized progress in vocational education and socio-economic development, and allow the standards for offsetting courses in vocational education to keep pace with industrial development. Gradually waive all tuition and miscella- neous fees at schools providing secondary vocational education and make dynamic adjustments of student grant coverage and subsidy levels.

4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the Promote work-study integration and number of youth and adults who have school-enterprise cooperation in the cultiva- relevant skills, including technical and tion of skilled workers and technical talents, vocational skills, for employment, de- and adopt modern corporate apprentice- cent jobs and entrepreneurship ship. Advance IT application in education and promote distance education to make high-quality education resources more acces- sible. Improve the university disciplines and majors to meet the new needs in emerging strategic industries and people’s well-being.

4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender dis- Protect everyone’s right including that of parities in education and ensure equal vulnerable groups to education, and improve access to all levels of education and special education. Open special education vocational training for the vulnerable, schools in counties with more than 300,000 including persons with disabilities, residents and gradually ensure 12-year free indigenous peoples and children in vul- education for children with disabilities, cov- nerable situations ering the 9-year compulsory education and the senior high school education.

4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and By 2020, further reduce adult illiteracy and a substantial proportion of adults, both prevent new incidence of youth illiteracy. men and women, achieve literacy and Extend the average years of education re- numeracy ceived by newly-added workforce to 13.5 years and the average years of education received by the working-age population to 10.8 years. 27 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners ac- Deepen education reforms, improve the qual- quire the knowledge and skills needed ity of education and strengthen school sports to promote sustainable development, and art education. Endeavor to strengthen including, among others, through educa- students’ sense of social responsibility, cre- tion for sustainable development and sus- ativity, and practical ability as a priority in tainable lifestyles, human rights, gender national education. Gender equality will be equality, promotion of a culture of peace reflected in education and teaching process- and non-violence, global citizenship and es in all kinds of schools. appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture's contribution to sustainable devel- opment 4.a Build and upgrade education facili- Upgrade facilities and equipments of under- ties that are child, disability and gender performing and boarding schools. By 2020, sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, remarkable progress will be made in the inclusive and effective learning envi- standardization of public schools for urban ronments for all and rural compulsory education and enhance construction of small-size village schools. 4.b By 2020, substantially expand Deliver on the pledges made by President globally the number of scholarships Xi Jinping during the United Nations Sus- available to developing countries, in tainable Development Summit in September particular least developed countries, 2015 of providing 120,000 training oppor- small island developing States and Af- tunities and 150,000 scholarships for other rican countries, for enrolment in higher developing countries, and training 500,000 education, including vocational training professional technicians for other developing and information and communications countries by 2020. Offer more consultative technology, technical, engineering and and training services on human resources, scientific programmes, in developed development planning, and economic policy countries and other developing coun- for other developing countries, especially tries the least developed countries, small-island developing countries, and African countries; and strengthen cooperation and assistance in science and technology education. 4.c By 2030, substantially increase the Continue to provide short-term training supply of qualified teachers, including courses for other developing countries, and through international cooperation for take into account the needs of the least de- teacher training in developing coun- veloped countries and small-island countries tries, especially least developed coun- for teacher training while making plans for tries and small island developing States training courses and recruitment . 28 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

5.1 End all forms of discrimination Adhere to the national policy of gender against all women and girls everywhere equality and implement the National Outline for Women’s Development and the National Outline for Children’s Development. Pro- tect women’s and girls’ rights to education, labor security, marriage and family, social welfare, health and medical care, and etc. Raise public awareness of gender equality and eradicate all forms of discrimination and prejudice against women and girls.

5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence Prevent and curb all forms of violence against all women and girls in the pub- against women and girls; crack down on lic and private spheres, including traf- criminal activities against women and girls, ficking and sexual and other types of including trafficking and coerced prostitu- exploitation tion. Timely handle cases of violation of women’s rights and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and girls.

5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, Implement the Marriage Law and related such as child, early and forced marriage laws and regulations, prohibit child mar- and female genital mutilation riage, underage marriage, marriage upon arbitrary decision by any third party, merce- nary marriage, and any other acts of inter- ference in the freedom of marriage. Protect women’s and girl’s rights to life and health.

5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care Strengthen women’s employment and entre- and domestic work through the provi- preneurship capabilities, support women’s sion of public services, infrastructure return to work after giving birth, and encour- and social protection policies and the age employers to help employees balance promotion of shared responsibility work and family. Vigorously promote com- within the household and the family as munity public service system and develop nationally appropriate public childcare services. Advocate family burden-sharing between men and women in light of gender equality. 29 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

5.5 Ensure women's full and effective Formulate and improve laws, regulations and participation and equal opportunities policies that promote women’s participation for leadership at all levels of deci- in decision making and management. Expand sion-making in political, economic and channels of women’s participation in decision public life making and management. Intensify the efforts to cultivate and promote women cadres. Fa- cilitate women cadres in taking the leadership role in important sectors and key posts. Elevate women’s role in organizations such as neigh- borhood committees and village committees. Encourage the development of women’s mutu- al-aid organizations.

5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual Intensify women’s and children’s health care and reproductive health and reproduc- services by improving services for women’s tive rights as agreed in accordance with reproductive health, ensuring safe delivery, the Programme of Action of the Inter- and offering high-quality family planning national Conference on Population and services. Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences 5.a Undertake reforms to give women By 2020, enact and improve laws, regu- equal rights to economic resources, as lations and policies that protect women’s well as access to ownership and control rights to participate in economic develop- over land and other forms of property, ment and equal access to economic resources financial services, inheritance and nat- and services, and ensure that women enjoy ural resources, in accordance with na- equal rights as men in terms of contracted tional laws rural land use, use of rural housing land, and right to distribution of collective income. 5.b Enhance the use of enabling tech- Improve women’s technical skills, especially nology, in particular information and their knowledge about and skills in informa- communications technology, to pro- tion and communication technologies. Inten- mote the empowerment of women sify the efforts to cultivate women’s talents. 5.c Adopt and strengthen sound poli- Enforce the Law on the Protection of Wom- cies and enforceable legislation for the en’s Rights and Interests, the Law on the promotion of gender equality and the Protection of Minors, the Marriage Law, and empowerment of all women and girls at the Anti-Domestic Violence Law to improve all levels the legal system that protects women’s and children’s rights and interests, and promote empowerment of women and girls. 30 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanita- tion for all

6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and Launch the project of consolidating and im- equitable access to safe and affordable proving the safety of rural drinking water. drinking water for all By 2020, centralized water supply rate will exceed 85 percent and tap water coverage rate will exceed 80 percent in rural areas. By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.

6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and Work toward full coverage of water hygiene equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and infrastructure. By 2030, complete revamping end open defecation, paying special attention of rural household toilets and achieve access to the needs of women and girls and those in to adequate and equitable sanitation and hy- vulnerable situations giene for all.

6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by Implement the Water Pollution Prevention reducing pollution, eliminating dump- and Control Action Plan to increase the pro- ing and minimizing release of hazard- portions of good quality water in key river ous chemicals and materials, halving basins and coastal water areas and qualified the proportion of untreated wastewater treatment of sewage water. Intensify mon- and substantially increasing recycling itoring of key functional water zones and and safe reuse globally sewage discharge outlets and strengthen cat- egorized and tiered management of function- al water zones.

6.4 By 2030, substantially increase Build a water-saving society in an all-round water-use efficiency across all sectors way by enforcing strictest water resources and ensure sustainable withdrawals and management system, strengthening water de- supply of freshwater to address water mand and water consumption management, scarcity and substantially reduce the and exercising dual control of total volume number of people suffering from water and intensity of water resource consumption. scarcity Establish water efficiency assessment sys- tems such as the water consumption quantity per RMB10,000 of GDP, and continuously improve water efficiency across all sectors. By 2020, increase the nationwide effective use of irrigation water to above 0.55, and re- duce the water consumption per RMB10,000 of GDP and per RMB10,000 of industrial added value by 23 percent and 20 percent respectively. 31 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

6.5 By 2030, implement integrated wa- Improve the water resource management ter resources management at all levels, system that combines river basin manage- including through transboundary coop- ment and administrative area management, eration as appropriate and enhance the role of comprehensive river basin management in water governance.

6.6 By 2020, protect and restore wa- Build a national ecological security frame- ter-related ecosystems, including moun- work to protect and restore water-related tains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers ecosystems by managing the overuse of and lakes ground water in some areas. By 2030, en- deavor to improve the national overall water quality and generally restore functions of water ecosystems. 6.a By 2030, expand international co- Actively advance South-South Cooperation operation and capacity-building support on water- and environment-related areas, to developing countries in water- and help other developing countries strengthen sanitation-related activities and pro- the capacity building for resource conserva- grammes, including water harvesting, tion, climate change mitigation and green, desalination, water efficiency, wastewa- low-carbon development, and provide them ter treatment, recycling and reuse tech- with assistance and support within China’s nologies capacity. 6.b Support and strengthen the participa- Continue to exercise working mechanism tion of local communities in improving that involves water users’ participation and water and sanitation management support, strengthen and urge the participa- tion of water users and local communities in improving water and sanitation management. Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern ener- gy for all

7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to By 2030, ensure universal access to afford- affordable, reliable and modern energy able, reliable, sustainable and modern energy services services. Continue to reform and restructure urban and rural power grids, focusing on upgradation of grids for small towns and rural centers and ensuring full rural power coverage by 2020. Advance welfare-orient- ed energy policy by accelerating poverty reduction programs through photovoltaic technology and energy development in pov- erty-stricken areas. 32 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the By 2030, increase the share of non-fossil fu- share of renewable energy in the global els in primary energy consumption to about energy mix 20 percent. Optimize the energy mix by im- proving fossil-fuel efficiency and increasing the share of clean energy consumption, so that non-fossil fuels and natural gas become the main energy sources.

7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of Reform and restructure the energy industry improvement in energy efficiency through the development of the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence. Advance the low-carbon and green urban- ization model based on ecological progress and set up a modern energy system. Promote the building of energy management system, measurement system, and online energy consumption monitoring system to review, assess, and increase energy efficiency. 7.a By 2030, enhance international co- More comprehensively and actively engage operation to facilitate access to clean in bilateral and multilateral cooperation on energy research and technology, includ- sustainable energy and strengthen coopera- ing renewable energy, energy efficiency tion with the United Nations, International and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel Energy Forum, International Energy Agency, technology, and promote investment in International Renewable Energy Agency to energy infrastructure and clean energy facilitate access to clean energy research and technology technology as well as to promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology. 7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure and Assist the Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the upgrade technology for supplying mod- Pacific with energy access and provision of ern and sustainable energy services for sustainable modern energy services. Increase all in developing countries, in particular renewable energy production and utilization least developed countries, small island in developing countries. developing States and landlocked de- veloping countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support 33 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Chi- in accordance with national circum- na will focus on supply-side structural re- stances and, in particular, at least 7 per form to expand effective supply and meet ef- cent gross domestic product growth per fective demand, accelerate the formation of annum in the least developed countries institutions, mechanisms, and development models that steer the new normal in econom- ic development, and ensure moderate- and high-speed economic growth and moderate- and high-level of production.

8.2 Achieve higher levels of econom- Fully implement the five priority tasks of ic productivity through diversifica- cutting overcapacity, reducing excess in- tion, technological upgrading and ventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and innovation, including through a focus strengthening points of weakness, to promote on high-value added and labour-in- economic transformation and sustainable tensive sectors development. Implement the Made in China 2025 strategy to promote the manufacturing industry in the direction of advanced, smart, green and service-oriented development, fo- cusing on strengthening capacity for innova- tion and core competitiveness in key sectors such as new-generation information technol- ogy, advanced equipment, new materials and biomedicine.

8.3 Promote development-oriented pol- Support the development, transformation, icies that support productive activities, and upgrading of small and medium-sized decent job creation, entrepreneurship, enterprises (SMEs), and promote mass entre- creativity and innovation, and encour- preneurship and innovation. Accelerate the age the formalization and growth of building of incubator bases for small and mi- micro-, small- and medium-sized en- cro enterprises. Provide intellectual support terprises, including through access to for the sustainable development of small and financial services micro enterprises and build effective plat- forms of international cooperation for SMEs. 34 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

8.4 Improve progressively, through Implement the Ten-Year Framework of Pro- 2030, global resource efficiency in con- grams on Sustainable Consumption and Pro- sumption and production and endeav- duction, and improve resource efficiency. By our to decouple economic growth from 2020, reduce the ratio of water consumption environmental degradation, in accor- per RMB10,000 of GDP by 23 percent com- dance with the 10Year Framework of pared with 2015. Continue to improve the Programmes on Sustainable Consump- environment quality, and endeavor to decou- tion and Production, with developed ple economic growth from environmental countries taking the lead degradation while maintaining moderate and high-speed economic growth.

8.5 By 2030, achieve full and pro- Increase labor force participation rate ductive employment and decent work through implementation of the classification for all women and men, including for policy. Vigorously enforce the Law on Pro- young people and persons with disabil- motion of Employment. Targeted measures ities, and equal pay for work of equal have been formulated to promote employ- value ment of university graduates, migrant work- ers, people with disabilities, retired soldiers, women and some other groups. Improve employment and entrepreneurship services and launch a lifelong vocational training ini- tiative.

8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the Promote employment and entrepreneurship proportion of youth not in employment, for university graduates and improve pro- education or training fessional skills for new-generation migrant workers. By 2020, the gross enrollment rate for senior high schools will reach 90 percent. Higher education shall be further popular- ized, with a gross enrollment rate of 50 per- cent. Adult illiteracy rate shall be further re- duced and the education level of workforce will be elevated.

8.7 Take immediate and effective mea- Crack down on illegal and criminal activities sures to eradicate forced labour, end such as child labor and forced labor in ac- modern slavery and human trafficking cordance with law and provide special pro- and secure the prohibition and elimina- tection for underage workers aged between tion of the worst forms of child labour, 16 and 18. Implement the Action Plan for including recruitment and use of child Fighting Human Trafficking (2013-2020) to soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in prevent and crack down on human traffick- all its forms ing and strengthen accountability for han- dling cases of child trafficking. 35 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

8.8 Protect labour rights and promote Intensify safety monitoring, inspection and safe and secure working environments enforcement, step up risk-level control and for all workers, including migrant potential risk detection, strengthen supervi- workers, in particular women migrants, sion over enterprises with high risks of oc- and those in precarious employment cupational diseases, and conduct safety edu- cation campaigns to raise public awareness. By 2020, reduce death tolls of work-related accidents per RMB100 million of GDP by 30 percent from that of 2015. Protect work- ers’ legitimate rights and interests such as remuneration, vacation, social security, and etc.

8.9 By 2030, devise and implement Improve the policy system that promote policies to promote sustainable tourism growth and employment through tourism, that creates jobs and promotes local incorporate the development of tourism into culture and products national economic and social development planning, and formulate and implement in- dustrial policies that promote sustainable development of tourism.

8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domes- Implement the Plan for Promoting the Devel- tic financial institutions to encourage opment of Financial Inclusion(2016-2020) and expand access to banking, insur- to establish, by 2020, an inclusive financial ance and financial services for all services and security system to increase the accessibility of timely, affordable, and convenient financial services for the gen- eral public, especially for small and micro enterprises, farmers, urban low-incomers, poor people, people with disabilities and the elderly. By 2020, establish a modern insur- ance industry that is comprehensive, stable, well-functioning and credible. 8.a Increase Aid for Trade support for Strengthen economic and trade cooperation developing countries, in particular least with least-developed countries. Promote trade developed countries, including through facilitation with countries along the Belt and the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Road routes, and help the countries improve Trade-related Technical Assistance to customs facilities in border and port cities and Least Developed Countries enhance trade capacity building. Expand the export and import between least developed countries and China. 36 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 8.b By 2020, develop and operational- Implement the initiative to promote employ- ize a global strategy for youth employ- ment and entrepreneurship for university grad- ment and implement the Global Jobs uates and the program to improve professional Pact of the International Labour Orga- skills for new-generation migrant workers. nization Provide free vocational training for those from poor families, junior and senior high-school graduates who stop their schooling, migrant workers, the unemployed, workers who have been transferred to other posts, and demobilized military personnel. Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable in- dustrialization and foster innovation

9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustain- Accelerate the improvement of a safe, ef- able and resilient infrastructure, includ- ficient, smart, green and interconnected ing regional and transborder infrastruc- modern network of infrastructure. By 2020, ture, to support economic development build a comprehensive and well-connected and human well-being, with a focus on transport network that links the north and affordable and equitable access for all south, east and west and more than 50 new civil airports. Accelerate the rail transport networking in cities with more than three million residents and increase urban rail mileage by about 3,000 kilometers. Expand the infrastructure coverage of poverty-strick- en areas.

9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable Implementing the Made in China 2025 industrialization and, by 2030, sig- strategy, vigorously promote technological nificantly raise industry's share of em- transformation and upgrading, transform ployment and gross domestic product, and upgrade traditional industries, and im- in line with national circumstances, prove the quality and effectiveness of the and double its share in least developed manufacturing industry. Advance the Belt countries and Road Initiative to promote the industrial development of other developing countries, especially least developed countries through international cooperation on production ca- pacity and equipment manufacturing. Jointly promote SME development through building international SME cooperation parks (zones). 37 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

9.3 Increase the access of small-scale Accelerate the building of financial infra- industrial and other enterprises, in structure, improve financial services for key particular in developing countries, to sectors, and diversify financing channels financial services, including affordable for small and micro enterprises. Implement credit, and their integration into value the Plan for Promoting the Development of chains and markets Financial Inclusion (2016-2020) to improve financial institutions’ penetration, accessibil- ity, and customer satisfaction.

9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and Upgrade infrastructure such as water conser- retrofit industries to make them sustainable, vancy, railway, road, water transportation, with increased resource-use efficiency and civil aviation, general-purpose aviation, greater adoption of clean and environmen- pipeline, and postal services. Accelerate the tally sound technologies and industrial transformation and upgradation of tradition- processes, with all countries taking action in al industries, promote a low-carbon pattern accordance with their respective capabilities in industrial energy consumption, popular- ize new energy and improve the efficiency of water resource utilization. Establish a mechanism of indexes and constraints on equipment size, technology and technique, energy consumption, environmental protec- tion, quality and safety to eliminate outdated industrial capacity.

9.5 Enhance scientific research, up- Implement the National Innovation-Driven grade the technological capabilities of Development Strategy Outline to clarify the industrial sectors in all countries, in priorities and direction of innovation-driven particular developing countries, includ- strategy and enhance the system capacity for ing, by 2030, encouraging innovation sustained innovation. By 2020, transform and substantially increasing the number China to an innovative country with a na- of research and development workers tional innovation system with Chinese char- per 1 million people and public and pri- acteristics. By 2030, become a leading inno- vate research and development spend- vative country and realize the transformation ing of driving force for development. Promote the building of high-caliber universities and research institutions, set up a number of na- tional laboratories in key innovation areas, and cultivate more S&T innovation talents. Launch major talent projects to find, train and recruit strategic scientists and leading talents in S&T. 38 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient Intensify technical support and assistance to infrastructure development in devel- other developing countries within the South- oping countries through enhanced South cooperation framework to help them financial, technological and technical enhance sustainable infrastructure and disas- support to African countries, least de- ter-resistance capacity. veloped countries, landlocked develop- ing countries and small island develop- ing States 9.b Support domestic technology de- Deepen international cooperation on indus- velopment, research and innovation in trial capacity and equipment manufacturing, developing countries, including by en- help other developing countries to improve suring a conducive policy environment production system building and achieve di- for, inter alia, industrial diversification versification of industrial production. and value addition to commodities 9.c Significantly increase access to Proactively promote the development of information and communications tech- the information industry by accelerating the nology and strive to provide universal application and penetration of high-speed and affordable access to the Internet in fiber optic network and wireless broad- least developed countries by 2020 band network in both urban and rural areas. Strengthen cooperation with least developed countries to assist their development and ap- plication of information and communication technology. Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries

10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve Implement policies that narrow income gaps and sustain income growth of the bot- and substantially increase the income of tom 40 per cent of the population at a workers with low-income. Adjust national rate higher than the national average income distribution through standardized primary distribution and enhanced secondary distribution.

10.2 By 2030, empower and promote Adhere to the concept of shared develop- the social, economic and political inclu- ment. By 2020, make effective institutional sion of all, irrespective of age, sex, dis- arrangements to ensure equal opportunity ability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion and basic needs for all. Increase the sense or economic or other status of real benefits of the people through joint efforts and shared development and build a moderately prosperous society for all in an all-round way. 39 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and re- Safeguard social equity and justice and pro- duce inequalities of outcome, including tect people’s right to equal participation and by eliminating discriminatory laws, equal development. Advance scientific and policies and practices and promoting democratic legislation to build a complete appropriate legislation, policies and ac- legal and regulatory system. Create and im- tion in this regard prove the institutional environment for fair and healthy competition and equal access to capital and market opportunities. Establish a more equitable and sustainable social pro- tection system that better protect rights and interests of vulnerable social groups such as women, minors, and people with disabilities.

10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, Gradually improve a modern taxation sys- wage and social protection policies, and tem that promotes social equity and justice progressively achieve greater equality and inclusive economic growth. Improve the dynamic social protection system that meets people’s basic needs. Increase individual in- come along with economic development and work remuneration along with improvement in labor productivity. Adjust national income distribution through standardized primary distribution and enhanced secondary distri- bution to narrow the income gap.

10.5 Improve the regulation and mon- Strengthen institutional building on prudent itoring of global financial markets and macro-financial management. Reform and institutions and strengthen the imple- improve the financial regulatory framework mentation of such regulations to keep pace with the development of mod- ern financial markets. Actively participate in rule making in international prudent macro policies and reform and implementation of international regulatory regimes.

10.6 Ensure enhanced representation Support developing countries’ participation and voice for developing countries in in global economic governance on an equal decision-making in global international basis. Actively participate in global supply economic and financial institutions in chains, industrial chains, and value chains, order to deliver more effective, credi- and promote reforms of the international ble, accountable and legitimate institu- monetary system and financial regulatory tions system. 40 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and Advance reform of the household registra- responsible migration and mobility of tion system, and make basic public services people, including through the imple- equally accessible to all. Improve the mech- mentation of planned and well-man- anisms that turn rural moving population aged migration policies into urban citizens to encourage more people to merge into the urban life. 10.a Implement the principle of special Continue to advance the multilateral trade and differential treatment for devel- negotiation and the coordinated, win-win, oping countries, in particular least de- and inclusive development of the multilat- veloped countries, in accordance with eral trade regime with the aim of building a World Trade Organization agreements fair, reasonable and transparent international system of trade rules. Offer zero-tariff treat- ment to 97 percent of the tax item products from the least developed countries that had established diplomatic relations with China. 10.b Encourage official development Urge developed countries to honor their assistance and financial flows, includ- ODA commitments and scale up their sup- ing foreign direct investment, to States port in terms of capital, technology, and where the need is greatest, in particu- capacity building for developing countries. lar least developed countries, African Explore new models of foreign aid by pro- countries, small island developing viding other developing countries with more States and landlocked developing coun- training courses and consultations on human tries, in accordance with their national resources, development planning and eco- plans and programmes nomic policies. 10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per Intensify coordination among all parties cent the transaction costs of migrant to improve financial infrastructure and by remittances and eliminate remittance 2030, reduce the transaction costs of mi- corridors with costs higher than 5 per grant remittances to less than 3 percent and cent eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 percent. 41 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to ad- Advance the development of public rental equate, safe and affordable housing and housing. By 2020, generally complete the re- basic services and upgrade slums building of rundown areas, villages in cities and dilapidated houses. In rural areas, intensify efforts to revamp dilapidated houses and sub- sidize the maintenance, consolidation and re- vamping of dilapidated houses of poor farmers.

11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, Implement the “public transport first” strategy, affordable, accessible and sustainable improve the barrier-free public transport sys- transport systems for all, improving road tem, and promote the establishment of sustain- safety, notably by expanding public trans- able urban transport system. By 2020, basically port, with special attention to the needs complete a modern urban public transport sys- of those in vulnerable situations, women, tem to meet the requirement of a moderately children, persons with disabilities and prosperous society. older persons

11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and Advance people-oriented urbanization and sustainable urbanization and capacity for improve city planning, construction and man- participatory, integrated and sustainable agement. By 2020, improve urban planning human settlement planning and manage- by building urban clusters, small and medi- ment in all countries um-sized cities, and small townships, and en- deavor to build harmonious, livable, dynamic, and unique urban areas. Improve the social governance system to achieve good interac- tions among government administration, social moderation and residents’ self-governance.

11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and Implement the Law on Protection of Cultural safeguard the world's cultural and natural Relics, Law on Intangible Cultural Heritage, heritage Regulations on the Management of Scenic Spots, and Regulations on Museums to ensure basic cultural services for the general public and meet their diverse culture needs by 2030. Improve the protection of intangible cultural heritage and endeavor to organize seminars, workshops, and training courses on intangible cultural heritage for 100,000 person-times by 2020. 42 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the Reduce disaster impact and offer special pro- number of deaths and the number of peo- tection for affected vulnerable groups in ac- ple affected and substantially decrease the cordance with laws and regulations such as direct economic losses relative to global Emergency Response Law, Regulations on Pre- gross domestic product caused by disas- vention and Control of Geological Disasters, ters, including water-related disasters, the Meteorology Law, Regulations on Forest with a focus on protecting the poor and Fire Prevention, and Road Traffic Safety Law. people in vulnerable situations Prevent and control floods, and reduce death tolls, number of affected people, and economic losses resulted from floods.

11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per Proactively promote greening construction in capita environmental impact of cities, urban and rural areas by continually increasing including by paying special attention to per capita green park space. Comprehensively air quality and municipal and other waste elevate the management level of urban house- management hold waste and improve rural household waste treatment. Formulate urban air quality stan- dards to reduce the days of heavy air pollution by 25 percent in prefecture-level cities and above by 2020.

11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to Strictly control the intensity of urban devel- safe, inclusive and accessible, green and opment and reserve adequate green space in public spaces, in particular for women and urban and rural areas. Promote the construction children, older persons and persons with of green beltways and ecological corridors in disabilities urban areas while restoring wetlands, building road traffic systems, and preserving scenic spots. By 2020, the ratio of green space in ur- ban built-up areas will reach 38.9 percent, with per capita park green space of 14.6 square me- ters. 11.a Support positive economic, social Promote the coordinated development of new and environmental links between urban, urbanization and new countryside and equita- peri-urban and rural areas by strengthen- ble distribution of public resources between ur- ing national and regional development ban and rural areas. Make overall plan for the planning urban and rural infrastructure networks, extend urban public services to rural areas, and gradu- ally unify institutions and harmonize standards for urban and rural public services. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, encourage rural households with the capability of maintaining stable employment and livelihood in urban areas to settle in urban areas, enjoying equal rights and obligations as urban residents. 43 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 11.b By 2020, substantially increase the Improve the housing system, vigorously ad- number of cities and human settlements vance revamping of rundown areas and dilap- adopting and implementing integrated idated houses. Raise the energy-saving stan- policies and plans towards inclusion, dards for buildings and promote super low and resource efficiency, mitigation and ad- zero energy consumption buildings. Improve aptation to climate change, resilience to the energy-saving capacity for existing build- disasters, and develop and implement, in ings and promote green construction materials line with the Sendai Framework for Di- and prefabrication. Strengthen natural disaster saster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, holistic monitoring and early warning systems, as well disaster risk management at all levels as disaster-resistance capability of engineering projects. Improve the social mobilization for disaster prevention and reduction and build channel for social participation in disaster pre- vention and reduction. Promote the building of sponge cities and launch low-carbon pilot zones across provinces, cities, industrial parks, and communities, set up experimental zones for climate change adaption in cities. 11.c Support least developed countries, Support least developed countries in building including through financial and technical sustainable infrastructure. Promote technical assistance, in building sustainable and re- cooperation with relevant countries on ener- silient buildings utilizing local materials gy-saving buildings, and help them cultivate local technical workers. Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

12.1 Implement the 10Year Framework Preserve the fine Chinese tradition of frugal- of Programmes on Sustainable Con- ity and advocate sustainable consumption sumption and Production Patterns, all culture. Advance legislation on sustainable countries taking action, with developed consumption and green standards setting. countries taking the lead, taking into Encourage and guide consumers to make account the development and capabili- sustainable consumption through pricing, ties of developing countries taxation, fees and other means. Vigorously promote sustainable production by adjusting economic structure and transforming devel- opment mode. 44 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable Control the total volume of energy and re- management and efficient use of natu- source consumption, optimize the structure ral resources of utilization, and substantially increase sec- ondary utilization of energy and resources. Accelerate the establishment of a natural resources property rights system and an assessment and compensation system for ecological damages. Substantially improve energy and resource efficiency. Fully im- plement the strictest water resource control system to keep the total volume of national water consumption below 700 billion cubic meters by 2030.

12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food Substantially reduce per capita food wastes waste at the retail and consumer levels during the process of sales and consumption and reduce food losses along production and food losses during the processes of pro- and supply chains, including post-harvest duction, processing, circulation and supply, losses including post-harvest losses, through poli- cy guidance, technological innovation, and changed consumption models. By 2020, ad- vance the building of smart grain depots to reduce food wastes and losses.

12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmen- Achieve the environmentally sound manage- tally sound management of chemicals ment of chemicals and all wastes throughout and all wastes throughout their life their life cycle, and minimize their adverse cycle, in accordance with agreed inter- impacts on human health and the environ- national frameworks, and significantly ment. Substantially improve the level of reduce their release to air, water and green chemical industry technologies. soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the envi- ronment

12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce Vigorously promote cyclic economy. En- waste generation through prevention, courage and promote a conservation-orient- reduction, recycling and reuse ed consumption pattern. Control the produc- tion and release of industrial solid wastes and urban wastes. Substantially reduce waste release through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse. Improve the cyclic use of major wastes and reduce dependence on primary resources. 45 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

12.6 Encourage companies, especially Fully enforce the extended producer respon- large and transnational companies, to sibility system , encourage enterprises to adopt sustainable practices and to in- implement the concept of sustainable de- tegrate sustainability information into velopment in production and management, their reporting cycle strengthen green management throughout the product life cycle. Support enterprises’ efforts to advance green design, develop green products, and incorporate sustainable information into the report cycle.

12.7 Promote public procurement prac- Vigorously improve the government procure- tices that are sustainable, in accordance ment system to fulfill the goals for socio-eco- with national policies and priorities nomic development. Expand the scope and scale of green procurement. By 2020, build preliminary standards and systems for green government procurement, which is environ- ment-friendly, energy and water efficient, cir- cular, low-carbon and renewable. Implement government procurement policies that promote the development of SMEs, support small and micro enterprises’ efforts to get government procurement contracts. Sstrengthen their ca- pacity to engage in government procurement processes.

12.8 By 2030, ensure that people every- Advance green education, promote the where have the relevant information and awareness of ecological civilization among awareness for sustainable development the people, and build a resource-efficient and and lifestyles in harmony with nature environment-friendly society. 12.a Support developing countries to Support other developing countries in strengthen their scientific and techno- strengthening scientific and technological logical capacity to move towards more capacities and training specialized personnel sustainable patterns of consumption through South-South Cooperation. Encour- and production age the international community to transfer environment-friendly technologies to devel- oping countries. 12.b Develop and implement tools Comprehensively and objectively assess the to monitor sustainable development impacts of sustainable tourism by counting impacts for sustainable tourism that the number of sustainable tourism strategies creates jobs and promotes local cul- and policies over a period of time and eval- ture and products uating their effects, and incorporate sustain- able tourism into regional strategic planning for sustainable development. 46 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies subsidies that encourage wasteful con- in accordance with national conditions, de- sumption by removing market distor- velopment levels, and energy consumption tions, in accordance with national cir- demands. cumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking ful- ly into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse im- pacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive Actively adapt to climate change and capacity to climate-related hazards and strengthen resistance capacity to climate natural disasters in all countries risks in agriculture, forestry, water resources and other key fields, as well as cities, coastal regions and ecologically vulnerable areas. Gradually establish a forecast, warning, and disaster prevention and reduction system, accelerate the full coverage of meteorolog- ical early warnings, and strengthen climate resilience.

13.2 Integrate climate change measures Integrate the implementation of “intended into national policies, strategies and nationally determined contributions” into planning national strategies and plans, formulate the Work Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Control during the 13th Five-Year Plan pe- riod, and take climate mitigation actions as a driving force for China to shift to a new model of economic growth and consumption pattern and advance environmental protec- tion and ecological progress. 47 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 1 3 . 3 I m p r o v e e d u c a t i o n , a w a r e- Improve education and publicity on climate ness-raising and human and institution- change mitigation and environmental protec- al capacity on climate change mitiga- tion, spread knowledge about climate change tion, adaptation, impact reduction and and low-carbon development, and encour- early warning age public participation in climate actions. Enhance relevant human and institutional capacity on cooperation, exchange and pub- licity. 13.a Implement the commitment un- Urge developed countries to formulate a dertaken by developed-country parties road map and timetable for the commitment to the United Nations Framework Con- of mobilizing US$100 billion annually by vention on Climate Change to a goal of 2020 to address the climate-related needs of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annual- developing countries and fully operational- ly by 2020 from all sources to address ize the Green Climate Fund through its capi- the needs of developing countries in the talization. context of meaningful mitigation ac- tions and transparency on implementa- tion and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible 13.b Promote mechanisms for rais- Through China’s South-South Cooperation ing capacity for effective climate Fund on Climate Change, help least de- change-related planning and manage- veloped countries and small island devel- ment in least developed countries and oping countries to enhance their capacity small island developing States, includ- for climate mitigation, in terms of climate ing focusing on women, youth and lo- change-related planning and management, cal and marginalized communities focusing on the special needs of women, youth, and local and marginalized commu- nities, and offering them assistance within capacity. Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine re- sources for sustainable development

14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly Advance joint prevention, joint control and reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in comprehensive management of land and ma- particular from land-based activities, rine pollution. Control and manage pollution including marine debris and nutrient in rivers flowing into the sea and at estuar- pollution ies. Strictly control marine pollution resulted from ships, mariculture, and marine debris. Gradually launch pilot programs to control the total volume of pollution in key waters and expand sea areas with first-grade and second-grade water quality. 48 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and Promote ecosystem-based marine man- protect marine and coastal ecosystems agement by strengthening the protection to avoid significant adverse impacts, of major typical ecosystems, scientifically including by strengthening their resil- drawing a red line on marine ecosystem ience, and take action for their resto- protection, and improving the network of ration in order to achieve healthy and marine reserves. Establish a nationwide, re- productive oceans al-time, online monitoring system for marine environment, and conduct research on ma- rine ecological compensation and indemnity mechanisms.

14.3 Minimize and address the im- Take a holistic approach to minimize the pacts of ocean acidification, including area and scope of ocean acidification. Draw through enhanced scientific cooperation up a more effective action plan based on sci- at all levels entific assessments of the impacts of climate change and human activity on marine envi- ronment.

14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate Improve the protection and management harvesting and end overfishing, ille- of fishing resources and implement sci- gal, unreported and unregulated fish- ence-based management plans, with the aim ing and destructive fishing practices of restoring fish stocks in the shortest time, and implement science-based man- at least to levels that can produce maximum agement plans, in order to restore fish sustainable yield as determined by their stocks in the shortest time feasible, at biological characteristics. Strictly control least to levels that can produce maxi- fishing intensity, impose moratorium, and mum sustainable yield as determined make sustainable use of the existing fisheries by their biological characteristics resources.

14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per Work out marine function zoning plans and cent of coastal and marine areas, con- define the main functions of sea areas. Im- sistent with national and international prove the legal framework for protection of law and based on the best available sci- marine ecosystem. Greatly expand coastal entific information and maritime protected areas and increase the national retention rate of natural coast- lines. Incorporate preservation of natural coastlines into the performance evaluation system for coastal provincial governments. By 2020, increase the proportion of marine reserves to 5 percent in sea areas under Chi- na’s jurisdiction and keep the retention rate of natural coastlines above 35 percent. 49 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms Promote the sustainable domestic fishing of fisheries subsidies which contribute industry by unveiling the goals and policy to overcapacity and overfishing, elimi- measures on fishing boat controls during the nate subsidies that contribute to illegal, 13th Five-Year Plan period and amending unreported and unregulated fishing the Provisions on the Administration of Fish- and refrain from introducing new such ery Licensing. By 2020, keep the intensity subsidies, recognizing that appropriate of crackdown on illegal, unreported and un- and effective special and differential regulated fishing, and prohibit subsidies that treatment for developing and least de- contribute to such activities. Gradually re- veloped countries should be an integral duce fuel subsidies. Targeted support should part of the World Trade Organization be given to reduce the number of fishing fisheries subsidies negotiation boats, fishermen quitting fishing, artificial fish reef, maintenance and reconstruction of fishing ports, and standardized reconstruc- tion of ponds. Improve social protection for fishermen, and eradicate poverty among fish- ermen. Actively participate in World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation.

14.7 By 2030, increase the econom- Provide aquacultural technology support for ic benefits to small island developing least developed countries and small island States and least developed countries countries within the South-South Cooper- from the sustainable use of marine re- ation framework, covering energy saving, sources, including through sustainable emission reduction, recirculating aquacul- management of fisheries, aquaculture ture, and cage culture emission reduction. and tourism Promote South-South Cooperation on sus- tainable management of fisheries and tour- ism. 14.a Increase scientific knowledge, Support the implementation of the Intergov- develop research capacity and transfer ernmental Oceanographic Commission Cri- marine technology, taking into account teria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Ma- the Intergovernmental Oceanographic rine Technology, support capacity building Commission Criteria and Guidelines in marine science and technology in small on the Transfer of Marine Technology, island countries and least developed coun- in order to improve ocean health and tries through South-South cooperation and to enhance the contribution of marine triangular cooperation, and deepen coopera- biodiversity to the development of de- tion on marine technology, ocean health and veloping countries, in particular small marine biodiversity to help these countries island developing States and least de- to develop marine economy. veloped countries 50 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 14.b Provide access for small-scale ar- Strengthen skill training for fishermen and tisanal fishers to marine resources and advance fishery mutual insurance and aqua- markets cultural insurance. Provide more and fairer market access for self-employed fishermen by developing new business models like e-commerce. 14.c Enhance the conservation and Enhance the conservation and sustainable sustainable use of oceans and their re- use of oceans within the framework of the sources by implementing international United Nations Convention on the Law of law as reflected in the United Nations the Sea. Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of "The future we want" Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosys- tems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and re- verse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

15.1 By 2020, ensure the conserva- Maintain ecological water levels in key wet- tion, restoration and sustainable use lands and estuaries. Protect and restore the of terrestrial and inland freshwater biological systems in wetlands, rivers, and ecosystems and their services, in par- lakes. Establish a protection system for wet- ticular forests, wetlands, mountains and lands and a protection and restoration sys- drylands, in line with obligations under tem for degraded wetlands, and promote the international agreements rational use of wetlands. Advance the estab- lishment of a legal system for land natural reserves and improve the protective utiliza- tion of natural resources including forests. Assess the soundness of rivers and lakes to protect the water ecosystem. 51 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

15.2 By 2020, promote the implemen- Launch a large-scale land greening cam- tation of sustainable management of all paign, focus on key forestry projects, types of forests, halt deforestation, re- improve the protection system for natural store degraded forests and substantially forests, comprehensively prohibit com- increase afforestation and reforestation mercial cutting of natural forests, and pro- globally tect and cultivate the forest ecosystem. By 2020, increase the national forest coverage rate to 23.04 percent and forest reserves to 16.5 billion cubic meters. Advance the conversion of degraded farmlands into forests and grasslands. Explore the estab- lishment of a working mechanism for the government to purchase social services for afforestation and forest preservation.

15.3 By 2030, combat desertifica- Actively participate in the demonstration tion, restore degraded land and soil, projects of zero growth in land deterioration including land affected by desertifi- under the United Nations Convention to cation, drought and floods, and strive Combat Desertification. Advance compre- to achieve a land degradation-neutral hensive management of desertification, rock world desertification and soil erosion, prevent des- ert encroachment, expand the areas where desertification is under sound management, and strengthen ecological protection in des- ert areas.

15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation Comprehensively improve the stability and of mountain ecosystems, including their ecological services function of the natural biodiversity, in order to enhance their ecosystem of mountain areas to safeguard capacity to provide benefits that are es- eco-security. Build a national germplasm sential for sustainable development bank of forest resources, facilitating the for- mation of standardized germplasm preserva- tion systems. Improve forest parks construc- tion and management system, and promote sharing and utilization of forest biodiversity resources. 52 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

15.5 Take urgent and significant action By 2020, build ecological corridors and a to reduce the degradation of natural biodiversity protection network. Launch habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity major projects of biodiversity protection. and, by 2020, protect and prevent the Strengthen the construction and management extinction of threatened species of natural reserves, and intensify the efforts to protect typical ecosystem, species, gene and landscape diversity. Increase investment in ecosystem protection and restoration, and conduct large-scale nationwide survey of species. Establish a national biodiversity monitoring network system.

15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing Gradually formulate and improve laws and of the benefits arising from the utiliza- regulations on the protection of genetic re- tion of genetic resources and promote sources and sharing of the benefits, as as to appropriate access to such resources, as promote appropriate access, fair and equita- internationally agreed ble sharing and utilization of such resourc- es. Increase investment in the protection of biological genetic resources and participate in international cooperation on access to and utilization of genetic resources.

15.7 Take urgent action to end poach- Earnestly enforce the Law on the Protection ing and trafficking of protected species of Wildlife and accelerate improvement of of flora and fauna and address both the Lists of Wildlife under Special State Pro- demand and supply of illegal wildlife tection. Improve the national wildlife protec- products tion network, strengthen import and export management of wildlife, crack down on ille- gal trade of wildlife products such as ivory. Restore and expand habitats for endangered animals and plants and strengthen interna- tional cooperation on wildlife protection.

15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to Actively participate in international treaties prevent the introduction and significant- on preventing the introduction of invasive ly reduce the impact of invasive alien alien species, improve the list of invasive species on land and water ecosystems alien species and relevant risk assessment and control or eradicate the priority system. Make biodiversity protection plans species covering the construction of national botan- ical gardens and zoos. 53 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem Require local governments at all levels to better and biodiversity values into national protect ecological environment and biodiversity and local planning, development pro- according to local conditions and incorporate cesses, poverty reduction strategies the protection measures into local mid- and and accounts long-term development plans. Conduct basic survey and assessment of biodiversity and build a monitoring network and database for biodi- versity. Launch pilot and demonstration proj- ects for biodiversity restoration and protection. 15.a Mobilize and significantly increase Strengthen coordination to increase the financial resources from all sources to funds for infrastructure and capacity build- conserve and sustainably use biodiver- ing. Improve the protection and management sity and ecosystems of natural reserves to achieve sustainable development of the reserves and protect bio- diversity. 15.b Mobilize significant resources Advance the diversified financing strategy to from all sources and at all levels to fi- engage enterprises and the public in a long- nance sustainable forest management term fund management mechanism for forest and provide adequate incentives to management. Help other developing coun- developing countries to advance such tries with technical training to improve utili- management, including for conserva- zation of forest resources and forest manage- tion and reforestation ment within the framework of South-South Cooperation. Provide guidance for Chinese enterprises to engage in overseas sustainable forest management. 15.c Enhance global support for efforts to Strengthen scrutiny of import and export of combat poaching and trafficking of pro- species restricted in the international trade tected species, including by increasing the conventions that China has signed. Strictly capacity of local communities to pursue manage the permit and certification in line sustainable livelihood opportunities with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Take targeted measures to contain poaching and illicit trade of wildlife. En- courage and guide the development of artifi- cial cultivation of wild plants. 54 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable develop- ment, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of Maintain a high-handed posture to crack violence and related death rates every- down on severe violent crimes, and, in ac- where cordance with law, fight against all criminal activities that threaten the life and security of the people.

16.2 End abuse, exploitation, traffick- Fully implement the Outline for Children’s ing and all forms of violence against Development (2011-2020), while drawing and torture of children up the Outline (2021-2030). Implement the Law on the Protection of Minors to crack down on illegal and criminal activities against children, such as child labor, forced labor and child trafficking. Improve legal aid for children.

16.3 Promote the rule of law at the na- Deepen judicial reforms to establish a judi- tional and international levels and en- cial system that is just, effective, and author- sure equal access to justice for all itative. Improve the judicial protection of rights and the judicial supervision over gov- ernment power. Improve judicial division of labor and checks and balances. Improve the rule of law in terms of social governance. Establish a public legal service system that covers both urban and rural areas. Improve the legal aid system and judicial relief sys- tem. 55 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illic- Strengthen international cooperation on the it financial and arms flows, strengthen transfer of sentenced persons, signing of the recovery and return of stolen as- treaties on the transfer of sentenced persons, sets and combat all forms of organized and strengthen cooperation with relevant crime countries on crackdown on transnational crimes. Intensify the efforts to pursue fugi- tives and recover stolen assets, draw up a list for major cases and improve supporting reg- ulations and mechanisms. Take advantage of the role of anti-corruption working groups under bilateral and multilateral mechanisms such as the G20 and APEC to strengthen law enforcement cooperation with key countries and build convenient channels for joint in- vestigation, information sharing, and rapid repatriation.

16.5 Substantially reduce corruption Strengthen the Communist Party of Chi- and bribery in all their forms na(CPC) self-conduct in an all-round way according to Party rules and regulations. Strengthen Party discipline and the re- sponsibility and accountability systems. Make relentless efforts to improve Party conduct,strictly abide by the CPC Central Committee’s “eight-point regulation”, and rectify the four forms of decadence: formal- ism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extrav- agance. Maintain a high-handed posture against corruption, and establish an effective mechanism to curb corruption. Resolutely correct improper conduct that harms the interests of the general public, and punish corruption without fail. Maintain the pres- sure and strengthening accountability and enforcement. Strengthen the checks and bal- ances and oversight on the exercise of pow- er, improve inspection tours and on-the-site supervision, and improve oversight within the Party and the national legislations on su- pervision. 56 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

16.6 Develop effective, accountable By 2020, build a clean, open, effective and and transparent institutions at all levels credible government ruled by law whose functions are scientifically defined, obliga- tions and powers are conferred according to law, and exercise of power is based on law.

16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, Promote a scientific, democratic administra- participatory and representative deci- tive decision-making process based on the sion-making at all levels rule of law. Ensure that the administrative decision-making system is scientific with due process, the whole process is transpar- ent, and responsibilities are clearly defined and assigned. Improve the quality of deci- sion making. Significantly reduce and timely rectify ill-informed decisions, illegal deci- sions or procrastinated decisions. Substan- tially promote government credibility and competence.

16.8 Broaden and strengthen the partic- Advocate a new type of international rela- ipation of developing countries in the tions centered on win-win cooperation and institutions of global governance advance the reforms of global governance institutions to reflect the changes in interna- tional pattern. Continue to push for greater representation and voice of developing coun- tries and equal participation of all countries in international agenda setting and decision making.

16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for Fully implement the Regulation on House- all, including birth registration hold Registration and the Law on Resident Identity Cards, and ensure every citizen reg- ister household and apply for a resident card accordingly. Establish the National Popula- tion Basic Information Database.

16.10 Ensure public access to informa- Protect the people’s rights to information. tion and protect fundamental freedoms, Improve the government information disclo- in accordance with national legislation sure system, ensure legal access to govern- and international agreements ment information for citizens, legal persons, and other organizations. Increase govern- ment transparency and promote law-based government administration. 57 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 16.a Strengthen relevant national insti- Protect international public security and tutions, including through international oppose terrorism in all forms. Based on in- cooperation, for building capacity at all ternational treaties that China has signed or levels, in particular in developing coun- joined, or the principle of equality and rec- tries, to prevent violence and combat iprocity, conduct counterterrorism coopera- terrorism and crime tion with other countries, regions, and inter- national organizations. Actively support and participate in UN peacekeeping operations and control and management of hot-spot issues. Strengthen multilateral and bilateral coordination and participate in international cyberspace governance to crack down on cy- bercrime and illegal and criminal acts such as using the Internet to spread terrorist infor- mation and recruit terrorists. 16.b Promote and enforce non-discrimi- Formulate complete substantive laws and natory laws and policies for sustainable procedural laws to standardize law enforce- development ment and promote and implement nondis- criminatory laws and policies. Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mo- Make use of Multilateral Tax Center jointly bilization, including through interna- established by China’s State Administration tional support to developing countries, of Taxation and OECD to provide training to improve domestic capacity for tax courses and technical aid on taxation for and other revenue collection tax officials of other developing countries. Provide customs inspection equipment and training courses for customs officers of other developing countries to enhance their taxa- tion capabilities. 58 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

17.2 Developed countries to implement Join teh global effort to implement of the fully their official development assis- Addis Ababa Action Agenda and encour- tance commitments, including the com- age developed countries to implement fully mitment by many developed countries their official development assistance com- to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of mitments with related timetables and road gross national income for official de- maps and provide assistance to developing velopment assistance (ODA/GNI) to countries in terms of capital, technology, and developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 capacity building. per cent of ODA/GNI to least devel- oped countries; ODA providers are en- couraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/ GNI to least developed countries

17.3 Mobilize additional financial re- Actively participate in South-South Coop- sources for developing countries from eration by operationalizing the Assistance multiple sources Fund for South-South Cooperation, and im- plementing China-UN Fund for Peace and Development. Promote the development of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank, and tap the full potential of the Silk Road Fund to attract international capital for the establishment of open, diversified and win-win platform for financial cooperation.

17.4 Assist developing countries in Honor the commitment of exempting the attaining long-term debt sustainability outstanding debt on intergovernmental inter- through coordinated policies aimed est-free loans due by the end of 2015 owed at fostering debt financing, debt relief by the relevant least developed countries, and debt restructuring, as appropriate, landlocked developing countries and small and address the external debt of highly island developing countries, which was indebted poor countries to reduce debt made by President Xi Jinping at the United distress Nations Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015. Building on consultation and win-win cooperation, continue to push for sovereign debt restructuring and prevent aggravating the debt burden of developing countries. 59 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

17.5 Adopt and implement investment Improve investment promotion and facilita- promotion regimes for least developed tion policies and service systems to facilitate countries Chinese enterprises’ investment in least de- veloped countries.

17.6 Enhance North-South, South- Advance the construction of innovation South and triangular regional and in- demonstration zones for the implementation ternational cooperation on and access of the 2030 Agenda to form duplicable and to science, technology and innovation scalable experience and share China’s devel- and enhance knowledge sharing on mu- opment concepts and experience with other tually agreed terms, including through countries. Strengthen international coopera- improved coordination among existing tion on smart manufacture and cooperation mechanisms, in particular at the Unit- with international organizations such as the ed Nations level, and through a global United Nations Industrial Development Or- technology facilitation mechanism ganization. Actively engage in global tech- nology promotion mechanisms.

17.7 Promote the development, trans- Conduct technological cooperation with oth- fer, dissemination and diffusion of er developing countries on pollution monitor, environmentally sound technologies prevention and control.Promote the transfer to developing countries on favourable and local application of advanced applicable terms, including on concessional and technologies in developing countries within preferential terms, as mutually agreed the South-South Cooperation framework.

17.8 Fully operationalize the technol- Building on China’s advanced and applica- ogy bank and science, technology and ble technologies, explore the possibility of innovation capacity-building mecha- setting up the technology bank on Imple- nism for least developed countries by mentation of the 2030 Agenda, which func- 2017 and enhance the use of enabling tions as a technology database covering all technology, in particular information the goals of the 2030 Agenda. Provide tech- and communications technology nical support to other developing countries, in particular least developed countries.

17.9 Enhance international support for Provide students in other developing coun- implementing effective and targeted ca- tries with education with record of formal pacity-building in developing countries schooling via the Academy of South-South to support national plans to implement Cooperation. Prudently promote triangular all the Sustainable Development Goals, cooperation, work with relevant countries including through North-South, South- and international organizations to conduct South and triangular cooperation capacity building projects in other develop- ing countries, and offer skill training courses and experience sharing to them. 60 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based, Push for the institutionalization of the G20 open, non-discriminatory and equitable Trade Ministers’ Meeting and the establish- multilateral trading system under the ment of the Working Group on Trade and World Trade Organization, including Investment. Promote the negotiations on through the conclusion of negotiations the remaining issues of the Doha Round of under its Doha Development Agenda WTO and prioritize the needs and concerns of developing countries. Actively participate in debates and rule-making on emerging economic and trade issues.

17.11 Significantly increase the exports Push for the operationalization of the global of developing countries, in particular trade growth strategy and the Trade Facili- with a view to doubling the least devel- tation Agreement. Support the WTO’s Aid oped countries' share of global exports for Trade initiative and help least developed by 2020 countries to integrate into the global indus- trial and value chains and multilateral trade regime. Call for the continued openness and transparency of regional trade arrangements.

17.12 Realize timely implementation of Offer zero-tariff treatment to 97 percent of duty-free and quota-free market access the tax item products from least developed on a lasting basis for all least developed countries with diplomatic relations with Chi- countries, consistent with World Trade na. Work toward an Internet-based system Organization decisions, including by for issuing certificates of origin, and further ensuring that preferential rules of or- revise and improve rules of origin. Push for igin applicable to imports from least the implementation of the WTO preferential developed countries are transparent and rules of origin applicable to imports from simple, and contribute to facilitating least developed countries and the service market access preferential exemption.

17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic Strengthen macroeconomic policy coordi- stability, including through policy coor- nation via the G20 platform to create policy dination and policy coherence and action synergy and promote strong, sus- tainable and balanced growth of the world economy. 61 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

17.14 Enhance policy coherence for Play a leading role in urging the G20 to sustainable development place the development issue at a prominent position within the global macro-policy framework and formulate G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Devel- opment. Support the United Nations’ central coordination role in global sustainable de- velopment and encourage the participation of other international and regional organiza- tions in relevant processes. Strengthen policy coordination, experience exchange, and best practice sharing on sustainable development.

17.15 Respect each country's policy Respect each country’s national conditions, space and leadership to establish and development path and policies. Apply no po- implement policies for poverty eradica- litical conditions to foreign aid. tion and sustainable development

17.16 Enhance the Global Partner- Actively participate in global development ship for Sustainable Development, cooperation to promote a more equitable and complemented by multi-stakeholder balanced global partnership. With North- partnerships that mobilize and share South Cooperation as the main channel of knowledge, expertise, technology and global development cooperation. Call for a financial resources, to support the greater role of South-South Cooperation and achievement of the Sustainable Devel- triangular cooperation and welcome the par- opment Goals in all countries, in partic- ticipation of international organizations, the ular developing countries private sector, and civil society in the imple- mentation of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).

17.17 Encourage and promote effective Make the best use of the fund of RMB180 public, public-private and civil society billion to support domestic public-pri- partnerships, building on the experience vate-partnership (PPP) financing. Build an and resourcing strategies of partner- effective, normative, and transparent PPP ships model by promoting institutional reforms, introducing new ideas, innovating guarantee policies, and strengthening social capital’s confidence. 62 China's National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-build- Continue to work with the United Nations ing support to developing countries, to advance the project on “Statistical Ca- including for least developed countries pacity Development in China and Other De- and small island developing States, to veloping Countries.” Help least developed increase significantly the availability of countries and small island countries to build high-quality, timely and reliable data statistical capacity through international disaggregated by income, gender, age, training courses and expert consultations to race, ethnicity, migratory status, dis- increase the availability of timely, reliable, ability, geographic location and other and detailed development data. characteristics relevant in national con- texts

17.19 By 2030, build on existing initia- Continue to participate in the work of the tives to develop measurements of prog- Expert Group on SDG Indicators, deeply ress on sustainable development that engage in formulating and improving the complement gross domestic product, indicator framework for global sustainable and support statistical capacity-building development. Strengthen cooperation with in developing countries international organizations to follow and participate in the development of progress measurement methods on sustainable de- velopment and support statistical capaci- ty-building in other developing countries. 63