Environmental Protection Act, 1992 (Cap. 328)

BELIZE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT CHAPTER 328 REVISED EDITION 2020 SHOWING THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS AS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 2020 This is a revised edition of the Substantive Laws, prepared by the Law Revision Commissioner under the authority of the Law Revision Act, Chapter 3 of the Substantive Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 2020. This edition contains a consolidation of the amendments made to the law by Act No. 18 of 2015. BELIZE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT CHAPTER 328 REVISED EDITION 2020 SHOWING THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS AS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 2020 This is a revised edition of the Substantive Laws, prepared by the Law Revision Commissioner under the authority of the Law Revision Act, Chapter 3 of the Substantive Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 2020. This edition contains a consolidation of the amendments made to the law by Act No. 18 of 2015. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 3 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize CHAPTER 328 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I Preliminary 1. Short title. 2. Interpretation. PART II Establishment, Powers and Functions, etc., of the Department of Environment 3. Establishment of Department of the Environment. 4. Functions of the Department. 5. Power to enter premises. 6. Minister to specify level of pollutants, etc. 7. Regulations for the Department. 8. Prohibition on discharge of pollutants. 9. Restriction on the use of qualify of petroleum oils. 10. Duty of persons, etc., exploiting natural resources. 11. Prohibition on and penalty for pollution of environment. 11A. Reporting requirements. PART III Prohibition on Dumping 12. Interpretation in this Part. 13. Prohibition on dumping. 14. Restriction on dumping from ships, etc. [ ] 4 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 15. Restriction on loading of hazardous substances. 16. Disposal of ship, aircraft or other man-made structure. 17. Applications and criteria for granting permits. 18. Penalty for breach of conditions of permit. 19. Powers of designated office. PART IV Environmental Impact Assessment and Nutrients 20. Requirement for environmental impact assessment. 21. Regulations for environmental impact assessment. 22. Penalty for non-compliance with EIA process. 23. Procedure. 23A. Requirement for limited level environmental study 24. Interpretation in this Part. 25. Prohibition on nutrients. 26. Regulations on nutrients. PART V Investigation, Procedures, Reports, Offences and Penalties, etc. 27. Investigation of offences. 28. Obstruction, etc., of designated officer. 29. Damage to environment and death or harm to persons. 30. Continuing offence. 31. Offences by Corporations. 32. Identifying owner, master, etc. 33. Proof of offences. 34. Suspended sentence. 35. Order of court. 36. Additional fine 37. Compensation for loss of property. 38. Penalty for contravening orders of court. 39. Injunction. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 5 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 40. Civil cause of action. 41. Other proceedings and remedies not affected. 42. Leave for prosecutions. 43. Annual report. 44. Amendment of Schedule. 45. General regulations. 45A. Consultation with the Department. 45B. Act binds the State. 46. Penalties. 47. Proof of documents. 48. Averment of occupation or control. 49. Statement to be evidence of authority. 50. Offence relating to false information. 51. Special powers of authorised officers where there is imminent danger to environment. PART VI Enforcement, Notices, Offences and Penalties, etc. 52. Enforcement notices. 53. Variation or withdrawal of enforcement notice. 54. Appeal against an enforcement notice. 55. Offence where enforcement notice not complied with. 56. Arrest of person. 57. Penalty. 58. Cessation order. 59. Limitation period. 60. Act to prevail in case of conflict PART VII Environmental Management Fund, etc. 61. Environmental Management Fund. 62. Object of the Fund. 63. Management of Fund. [ ] 6 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 64. Accounts and audit. 65. Annual report. 66. Fund account. 67. Fund rules. 68. Income of the Fund. PART VIII Miscellaneous 69. Out-of-court settlement. 70. Violation tickets regulations. 71. Financial assurance. 72. Permit to operate landfills. SCHEDULE [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 7 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize CHAPTER 328 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22 of 1992. 2 of 1998. 10 of 2000. 5 of 2009. 18 of 2015. S. I. 157 of 1992. PART I Preliminary 1. This Act may be cited as the Environmental Protection Act. 2.–(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires– “ASTM method” means the methods laid down by the American Society for Testing and Materials in the 1976 edition of standard definitions and specifications for petroleum and lubricating products; “Belize Barrier Reef System” means all that area between geographical coordinates UTM 412 384 E, 2009 873 N and 361 402 E, 1777 501 N, in NAD 27 Zone 16, comprising of corals, coral reefs, atolls, islands, sea-grass beds, mangroves and other associated critical habitats and their inhabitants; “BTEX” means Benzene, toluene, ethylbenezene, xylene; “combustion plant” means any technical apparatus in which fuels are oxidized in order to use the heat generated; “critical habitat” means a physical space with characteristics and/or features known to be necessary for the natural existence Short title. Interpretation. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. [6th January, 1992] [ ] 8 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize of a given species or species and may exist independently or as part of a larger ecosystem; “critical load” means a quantitative estimate of exposure to one or more pollutants, below which significant harmful effects on sensitive elements of the environment do not occur according to current knowledge; “CN codes” means Combined Nomenclature referring to customs tariff numbers; “Department” means the Department of the Environment established under section 3; “designated officer” or “authorized officer” means an officer designated by the Department for carrying out the provisions of this Act and any regulations made thereunder, and includes the Chief Environmental Officer, Environmental Officers and other officers designated by the Chief Environmental Officer; “diesel fuels”, i.e. gas oils falling within CN codes 2710 0066 and used for self-propelling vehicles are excluded from this definition. Fuels in non-road mobile machinery and agricultural tractors are also excluded from this definition; “ecological balance” means the various conditions required for the survival and development of persons and other living organisms; “element”, in relation to the environment, means any of the principal constituent parts of the environment including water, atmosphere, soil, vegetation, climate, sound, odour, aesthetics, fish and wildlife; “environment” includes water, coasts, seas, air and land and the interrelationship which exists among and between water, air, and land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms and property; 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 2 of 1998. 5 of 2009. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 9 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize “environmental damage” means any injury, harm, break, scratch, ateration, spoil, impairment, mutilation or destruction to the natural environment that reduces or threatens its ability to maintain the processes essential to life and/or which reduces its aesthetic appeal; “environmental health” means control of all environmental factors that have an adverse direct or indirect effect on the physical, mental or social well-being of man; “environmental pollutant” means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be injurious to human health or the environment; it includes objectionable odours, noise, vibrations, radio activity, temperature change, or physical, chemical or biological change to any element of the environment; “environmental pollution” means the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutant that endangers human health, the integrity of the environment, or disrupts the ecological balance; “fuel gas” means any gas which is generated by a petroleum refinery process unit and which is combusted, including any gaseous mixture of natural gas and fuel gas which is combusted; “gas oil” means– (a) any petroleum derived liquid fuel falling within CN code 2710 00 67 to 2710 00 68; or (b) any petroleum derived liquid fuel which, by reason of its distillation limits, falls within the category of middle distillates intended for use as fuel and of which at least 85% by volume (including losses) distils at 350°C by the ASTM D86 method; 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. [ ] 10 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize “hazardous substance” means any substance or preparation which, by reason of its chemical or physiochemical or biological properties or handling, is liable to cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, property or the environment; and includes but is not limited to the substances specified in the Schedule; “heavy fuel oil” means– (a) any petroleum derived liquid fuel falling within CN code 2710 00 71 to 2710 00 78; or (b) any petroleum derived liquid fuel, other than gas oil as defined under this Act, which, by reason of its distillation limits, falls within the category of heavy oils intended for use as fuel and of which less than 65% by volume (including losses) distils at 250°C by the ASTM D86 method. If the distillation cannot be determined by the ASTM D86 method, the petroleum products is likewise categorized as heavy fuel oils; “Minister” means the Minister charged with the responsibility for the environment; “natural resources” means those living and non-living natural components which are available to man in order to satisfy his economic, social and cultural needs; “Petroleum” means the crude oil removed from the earth and the oils derived from tar, sands, shale and coal; “petroleum oils” includes the following– (a) crude oil; (b) liquefied petroleum gas; 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 11 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (c) aviation gasoline; (d) gasoline-type jet fuel; (e) kerosene-type jet fuel; (f) motor spirit; (g) kerosenes; (h) light virgin naphtha; (i) gas diesel oil; (j) light fuel oil; (k) medium fuel oil; (l) heavy fuel oil, “petroleum refinery” means any facility engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, diesel and other distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other products through distillation of petroleum or reforming of unfinished petroleum derivatives; “petroleum refinery complex” means a facility engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, diesel and other distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other products through distillation of petroleum or through re-distillation, cracking, rearrangement or reforming of unfinished petroleum derivatives; “process gas” means any gas generated by a petroleum refinery process unit, except fuel gas and process upset gas as defined in this section; “process upset gas” means any gas generated by a petroleum refinery process unit as a result of start-up, shutdown, upset or malfunction; 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. [ ] 12 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize “produced water” means water originating from the natural oil reservoir that is separated from the oil and gas in the production facility; “petroleum water” means produced water and/or water contaminated with petroleum oils or hydrocarbons; “refinery process unit” means any segment of the petroleum refinery in which a specific processing operation is conducted; “significant coral formations” means any aggregate or group of corals that form part of the Belize Barrier Reef System; “waste” includes any matter prescribed to be waste, and any matter, whether liquid, solid, gaseous or radio-active, which is discharged, emitted, or deposited in the environment in such a volume, composition or manner as to cause an alteration of the environment. (2) For the purpose of this Act, the term “water resources” means surface waters, ground water and impoundments of water. PART II Establishment, Powers and Functions, etc., of the Department of Environment 3.–(1) For the administration of this Act and the regulations made thereunder, there shall be established under the Ministry for the time being responsible for the Environment, a department to be known as the “Department of the Environment”. (2) The Department shall be headed by a public officer to be known as the Chief Environmental Officer who shall be appointed by the Governor-General in accordance with section 107 of the Belize Constitution, 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. Establishment of the Department of Environment. CAP. 4. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 13 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize Provided that the public officer who is working as the Chief Environmental Officer immediately before the commencement of this Act shall be deemed to have been appointed under this section. (3) It shall be the responsibility of the Department to monitor the implementation of this Act and the regulations made thereunder and to take necessary action to enforce its provisions. (4) There shall be appointed by the Public Services Commission such other environmental officers, inspectors and other staff having suitable qualifications as may be necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Act and any regulations made thereunder. 4. The powers, duties and functions of the Department shall be to– (a) be responsible for the continuous and long term assessment of natural resources and of pollution; (b) ensure the protection and rational use of natural resources for the benefit of the present and future generations; (c) prevent and control pollution by coordinating all activities relating to the discharge of wastes into the environment; (d) control the volume, types, constituents and effects of wastes, discharges, emissions, deposits or other sources of emission and substances which are of danger or a potential danger to the quality of the environment; (e) issue the necessary licences, with or without conditions, for use for the exercise of activities that may cause pollution; Functions of the department. [ ] 14 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (f) undertake surveys and investigations into the causes, nature, extent and prevention of pollution and to assist and co-operate with other persons or bodies carrying out similar surveys or investigations; (g) conduct, promote, and co-ordinate research in relation to any aspect of environmental pollution or the prevention thereof , and to develop criteria for the protection and improvement of the environment; (h) specify methods to be adopted in taking samples and making tests for the purpose of this Act; (i) maintain a register of all wastes, discharges, emissions, deposits or other sources of emission or substances which are of danger or potential danger to the environment; (j) undertake investigations and inspections to ensure compliance with this Act or the regulations made thereunder; (k) provide information and education to the public regarding the importance of protection and improvement of the environment; (l) undertake resource inventories, surveys and ecological analyses to obtain information on the social and bio-physical environment with special reference to environmentally sensitive areas and areas where development is already taking place or likely to take place; (m) examine and evaluate and if necessary carry out environmental impact assessments and risk analysis and to make suitable [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 15 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize recommendations to mitigate against harmful effects of any proposed action on the environment; (n) monitor environmental health; (o) advise the Government on the formulation of policies relating to good management of natural resources and the environment; (p) recommend measures aimed at controlling pollution resulting from industrial process or otherwise; (q) advise on any aspect of conservation; (r) provide decision-making with the necessary information so as to achieve long-term sustainable development; (s) highlight the value of wetland ecosystems and promote successful management approaches in their utilization; (t) assist the Forestry Department in promoting the development of a balanced forestry management programme; (u) conduct studies and make recommendations on standards relating to the improvement of the environment and the maintenance of a sound ecological system; (v) monitor trends in the use of natural resources and their impact on the environment; (w) advise on the effects of any sociological or economic development of the environment; [ ] 16 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (x) play a major role in providing the direction for long-term sustainable development based on the promotion or incorporation of ecological concerns in the economic development process; (y) foster, through inter-ministerial cooperation, the prudent use and proper management of the natural resources of Belize, the control of pollution of the natural environment and the re-establishment of an ecological equilibrium, where needed, so as to guarantee a better quality of life for present and future generations; (z) encourage governmental and non governmental institutions/ agencies to align their activities with the ideas of sustainable development; (aa) exercise any other functions relating to the protection of the environment. 5.–(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, it shall be lawful for duly designated officers of the Department, in carrying out their duties, to have the right to enter at all reasonable times any kind of installation, factory, plant or premises and to require the person in charge to provide them with all relevant information and to assist them in their duties under this Act. (2) A designated officer may, in exercise of powers conferred by sub-section (1)– (a) take and remove samples or make copies which in the opinion of the designated officer are necessary for the purposes specified in sub-section (3); Power to enter premises. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 17 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (b) seize any item necessary as evidence of the commission of an offence under this Act or regulations made thereunder; (c) take photographs of and on any land or premises as he considers necessary; (d) enter upon any land and drill boreholes for the purpose of taking and removing samples of groundwater and making studies to assess the discharges of wastes and monitor the effect of such discharges; (e) inspect and take copies of computer records, relating to the provisions of this Act, or regulations made thereunder; (f) require any person in any place entered, to produce for inspection or for the purpose of taking copies any books, documents or papers relevant to the administration of this Act or regulations made thereunder. (3) The purposes referred to in sub-section (2) are as follows– (a) to determine whether there has been compliance with, or any contravention of, this Act or any regulations made thereunder, or any licence, environmental compliance plans, notice or thing required under this Act or regulations made thereunder; (b) for the good administration of this Act or regulations made thereunder. 2 of 1998. [ ] 18 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (4) A designated officer may detain any vehicle or person, where there is reasonable suspicion that an offence has been or is likely to be committed under this Act or any regulations made thereunder, and in the exercise of this power, may request a person to produce his identification. (5) Where any items or goods are found in any vehicle or on any person which, in the opinion of the designated officer, may constitute evidence of an offence under this Act or regulations made thereunder, the designated officer may seize any such items or goods. (6) A designated officer shall not enter a dwelling house except– (a) with the consent of the occupant of the house; or (b) under the authority of a warrant issued by a magistrate or justice of the peace. (7) A designated officer may carry out periodic inspections of all establishments which manufacture, produce as by products, import, export, store, sell, distribute or use any substances that are likely to have a significant impact on the environment, to ensure that the provisions of this Act or any regulations made thereunder are complied with. (8) A designated officer shall carry out such other Inspections or investigations as may be necessary to ensure that the provisions of this Act, or any regulation made thereunder, are complied with. (9) A designated officer may temporarily seize any plant, equipment, substances, boat, vehicle, or any other thing or item which he believes has been used in the commission of an offence against this Act or any regulations made thereunder. 2 of 1998. 2 of 1998. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 19 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (10) Neither the Chief Environmental Officer, designated officer, nor any person acting under a direction given by the Chief Environmental Officer or assisting the Chief Environmental Officer, shall be personally liable for any loss or damage suffered by any person, directly or indirectly, in consequence of anything done in good faith under this Act. 6. The Minister may, after consultation with the Department, make regulations to specify the permitted level for the emission, discharge or deposit of pollutants or the emission of noise into any area, segment or element of the environment within which the emission, discharge or deposit is prohibited or restricted. 7.–(1) The Minister may, after consultation with the Department, make regulations for– (a) recognising one or more laboratories or institutes as laboratories to carry out the functions entrusted to a laboratory under this Act or any regulations made thereunder; (b) specifying the procedure for the submission to the said laboratory of samples of air, water, soil, or other substances for analysis or tests, the form of the laboratory report thereon and the fees payable for such report; (c) specifying quality standards for the environment; (d) specifying the standards in excess of which pollutants discharged into the environment shall not be discharged or emitted; (e) formulating environmental codes of practices specifying procedures, practices or release limits for environmental control relating to works, undertakings and activities during any 5 of 2009. Minister to specify level of pollutions, etc. Regulations for the Department. [ ] 20 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize phase of their development and operation, including the location, design, construction, start-up, closure, dismantling and clean-up phases and any subsequent monitoring activities; (f) formulating environmental quality guide lines specifying recommendations in quantitative or qualitative terms to support and maintain particular uses of the environment; (g) prescribing all matters which by this Act are required or permitted to be prescribed or which are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for the better carrying out of or giving effect to the provisions of this Act; (h) the protection of the ozone layer; (i) the prevention and reduction of pollution of the air and water including streams and rivers; (j) the control of noise; (k) protecting the coastal and marine resources of Belize; (1) preserving and protecting the barrier reef and prohibiting the dumping of wastes in the marine environment; (m) controlling and minimising the trans-boundary movement of toxic and hazardous wastes; and (n) any other matter relating to the prevention and control of environmental pollution. (2) In carrying out any of the responsibilities mentioned in sub-section (1), the Minister may– [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 21 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (a) consult with any other Government department or agency, non-governmental organisation, or any person interested in the quality of the environment or the control or abatement of environmental pollution; and (b) organize conferences of representatives of industry, labour and municipal authorities and any interested persons described in paragraph (a). 8.–(1) No person, installation, factory or plant shall, unless specifically permitted by the Department, emit or discharge any pollutant into the atmosphere in contravention of the permitted levels specified under section 6 or 7. (2) Every person, installation, factory or plant emitting air pollutants is required to maintain and submit to the Department, records of the type, composition and quantity of pollutants emitted. (3) The Department, where necessary, may instruct the person, installation, factory or plant to make changes with regard to structure, method of operation or manner of disposing of air pollutants. (4) Any person, installation, factory or plant that contravenes this section commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both such fine and imprisonment. 9.–(1) No person, installation, factory or combustion plant shall, unless specifically permitted by the Department, combust any petroleum or petroleum oils with a sulfur content of more than 2.00% by mass, Provided that if the air quality standards for sulfur dioxide laid down in any relevant legislative provision are respected and Prohibition on discharge of pollutants. 5 of 2009. Restriction on the use of quality of petroleum oils. 5 of 2009. [ ] 22 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize the emissions do not contribute to critical loads being exceeded, the Department may authorize heavy fuel oils with a sulfur content of between 1.00% and 3.00% by mass to be used. (2) Any person, installation, factory or combustion plant that contravenes this section commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than twenty thousand dollars and not exceeding fifty thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both such fine and imprisonment 10.–(1) Any person or undertaking exploiting the land, water resources, seas or other natural resources shall ensure the protection of the environment against unnecessary damage or from pollution by harmful substances. (2) In order to prevent soil pollution, chemicals and biologicals introduced directly or indirectly into the soil in the course of agricultural, forestry or mining activities shall not be used in quantities or in a manner such that the natural equilibrium is disturbed or, in particular, such that there is harmful contamination of the soil or water, fauna or flora, or such that ecosystems are disturbed. (3) Any person, installation, factory or plant involved in the processing of petroleum, be it a petroleum refinery complex or a refinery process unit, shall be considered as handling a hazardous substance and shall be required to maintain the highest level of environmental health and safety standards. (4) All waste containing petroleum, petroleum oils or distillates shall be considered as hazardous wastes. (5) The operators of any petroleum refinery, petroleum refinery complex, or refinery process unit shall only be permitted to establish or operate if their refined products destined for local consumption has a sulfur content of 2.00 % by mass or less. 5 of 2009. Duty of persons, etc., exploiting natural resources. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 23 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (6) The operators of any petroleum refinery, petroleum refinery complex, or refinery process unit shall only be permitted to establish or operate if their refined products destined for local consumption has a BTEX content of 0.5 mg/1 or less. (7) Any person, installation, factory or plant involved in the exploration, production, or processing of petroleum, be it petroleum refinery complex or a refinery process unit, shall dispose of petroleum water by deep well injection subsequent to pretreatment to prescribed national levels. 11.–(1) No person shall emit, import, discharge, deposit, dispose of or dump any waste that might directly or indirectly pollute water resources or damage or destroy marine life. (2) Any person who contravenes sub-section (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not less than five thousand dollars and not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years or to both such fine and period of imprisonment, and to a further fine not exceeding one thousand dollars a day for every day that the offence is continued after a notice by the duly designated officer requiring him to cease the act specified therein has been served upon him. 11A.–(1) A person who inadvertently or accidentally causes an act of pollution of any aspect of the environment shall without delay report such pollution to the Department and the police. (2) The police shall submit a report to the Department on any report received under sub-section (1) and take reasonable steps to protect the public. (3) Any person who fails to make a report required under this section commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than five thousand dollars or imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months or both. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. Prohibition on and penalty for pollution of environment. Reporting requirements. 5 of 2009. [ ] 24 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (4) Any person who is required to give a report under this section, in giving such a report, makes a statement which is false or misleading in any material particular commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a line not less than five thousand dollars and not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months or both. PART III Prohibition on Dumping 12. In this Part– “dumping” means the deliberate disposal at sea from ships, aircraft, tankers, floating craft or other marine vessels, or other man-made structures, and includes disposal by incineration or other thermal degradation of any substance, but does not include– (a) any disposal that is incidental to or derived from the normal operations of a ship, aircraft, tanker, floating craft or other marine vessel or other man-made structure or of any equipment on a ship, aircraft, tanker, floating craft or other marine vessel or other man-made structure other than the disposal of substances from a ship, aircraft, tanker, floating craft or other marine vessels or other man-made structures operated for the purpose of disposing of such substances at sea; and (b) any discharge that is incidental to or derived from the exploration for, exploitation of, and associated offshore processing of sea-bed mineral resources; Interpretation in this Part. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 25 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize “master” includes every person having command or charge of a ship but does not include a pilot; “sea” means– (a) the territorial sea of Belize; (b) the internal waters of Belize; (c) any fishing zone or reserve prescribed under the Fisheries Act; and (d) the exclusive economic zone of Belize; “ship” includes any description of vessel, boat or craft used or capable of being used solely or partly for marine navigation without regard to its method or lack of propulsion. 13.–(1) No person shall dump or dispose of or deposit any garbage, refuse, toxic substances or hazardous wastes in any place that may directly or indirectly damage or destroy flora or fauna, or pollute water resources or the environment. (2) Any person who contravenes sub-section (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not less than six months and not exceeding five years, or to both such fine and imprisonment. 14.–(1) Subject to sub-section (2), no person shall dump any garbage, refuse, or chemical substances from any aircraft, ship, tanker, floating craft or other marine vessel into the harbours or sea of Belize. (2) A person may dump a substance as described in sub section (1) where the dumping is necessary to avert danger to human life at sea or to any ship, aircraft, tanker, floating craft or other marine vessel. CAP. 210. Prohibition on dumping. 2 of 1998. Restriction on dumping from ships, etc. [ ] 26 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (3) Any dumping under sub-section (2) shall be carried out as far as possible, in a manner that minimizes danger to human life and damage to the marine environment. (4) Nothing in this section relieves a person from liability under this Act, where the danger referred to in sub-section (2) was caused by a negligent act or omission of that person. (5) Where dumping takes place under this section, the person in charge of the aircraft, ship, or other vessel shall, as soon as possible, report the dumping to the department. (6) Any person who contravenes the provisions of this section commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not less than five thousand dollars and not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both such fine and imprisonment. 15.–(1) No person shall load any hazardous substance on a ship, aircraft, tanker, floating craft or other marine vessel in Belize for the purpose of dumping such substance except in accordance with a permit granted under section 17. (2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub section (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both such fine and imprisonment. 16.–(1) No person shall dispose of any ship, aircraft, tanker or other man-made structure in any area of the sea except in accordance with a permit granted under section 17. (2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub section (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not less than six months and not exceeding five years, or to both such fine and imprisonment. Restrictions on loading of hazardous substances. Disposal of ship, aircraft or other man-made structure. 2 of 1998. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 27 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 17.–(1) An application for a permit shall be submitted to the Minister in the prescribed form and shall contain all information as may be prescribed and shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee. (2) Subject to this section, and to the provisions of any special area precautionary plan under section 21 of the Disaster Preparedness and Response Act, the Minister may grant or refuse an application for a permit required under sections 15 and 16. (3) In determining whether to grant a permit, the Minister shall take into account the factors specified in Part II of the Schedule and any other factors which the Minister may consider necessary. (4) The Minister may, after consultation with the Department, grant a permit containing terms and conditions as he considers necessary in the interest of human life, marine life, or any legitimate uses of the sea, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the permit may contain terms and conditions relating to any of the following as are applicable– (a) the nature of the substance that may be dumped or disposed of and the quantity of the substance; (b) the method and frequency of the dumping or disposal authorised including, if necessary, the date or dates on which dumping or disposal is authorized; (c) the manner of loading and stowing the substance authorised to be dumped or disposed of; (d) the site at which dumping or disposal may take place; Application and criteria for granting permits. CAP. 145. [ ] 28 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (e) the route to be followed by the ship or aircraft transporting the substance to the site of the dumping or disposal; and (f) any special precautions to be taken respecting the loading, transporting, dumping or disposal of the substance. (5) No permit may be granted in respect of a substance specified on the list of hazardous substances in the Schedule unless, in the opinion of the Minister– (a) the substance is rapidly rendered harmless by physical, chemical or biological process of the sea and does not render normally edible marine organisms inedible or unpalatable or endanger human health or the health of animals; (b) the substance is specified in any of items 1 to 5 of the list of hazardous substances in the Schedule and is contained in another substance in a quantity or concentration that does not exceed the prescribed quantity or concentration; (c) the dumping or disposal of a certain quantity of the substance is necessary to avert an emergency that poses an unacceptable risk relating to human health and admits of no other feasible solution; or (d) the substance is to be transformed by incineration or other means of thermal degradation and any substance that results from such transformation is– [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 29 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (i) a substance in respect of which a permit may be granted under paragraph (a) or (b); or (ii) a substance that is not specified on the list of hazardous substances in the Schedule. (6) A permit shall specify that it is valid for– (a) a particular date or dates; or (b) a particular period that shall not exceed one year. (7) The Minister may suspend or revoke a permit or vary its terms and conditions where the Minister considers it advisable to do so. 18. Any person who contravenes any term or condition of a permit granted under section 17 shall be treated for all purposes as having committed the prohibited act without a permit and shall be punished accordingly. 19.–(1) For the purpose of determining whether any provision of this Part has been or is being contravened, a designated officer may, at any reasonable time– (a) enter any place in which he reasonably believes a substance intended for dumping or disposal is being loaded; (b) go on board any ship, platform or other man made structure anywhere in Belize or within any area on the sea of Belize or any aircraft if the designated officer reasonably believes that the ship, aircraft, platform or man-made structure has on board a substance intended for dumping; Penalty for breach of conditions of permit. Powers of designated officers. [ ] 30 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (c) examine any substance found in any place entered, or on any ship, aircraft, platform or other man-made structure boarded, and open any container found therein that the designated officer has reason to believe contains any substance intended for dumping or disposal and take samples of the substance; (d) require any person in any place entered, or on any ship, aircraft, platform or other man-made structure boarded, to produce for inspection or for the purpose of obtaining copies thereof or extracts therefrom any books or other documents or papers containing any matter relevant to the administration of this Part; (e) travel on any ship, aircraft, platform or other man-made structure that is loaded with a substance intended for dumping; or (f) detain any ship, aircraft, platform or other man-made structure for a reasonable time. (2) A designated officer who travels on a ship, aircraft, platform or other man-made structure under sub-section (1)(e) shall be carried free of charge to and from the dumping site and the person in command of the ship or aircraft or in charge of the platform or man-made structure shall provide the designated officer with suitable accommodation and food. PART IV Environmental Impact Assessment and Nutrients 20.–(1) Any person intending to undertake any project, programme or activity which may significantly affect the environment shall cause an environmental impact assessment to Requirements for environmental impact assessment. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 31 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize be carried out by a suitably qualified person, and shall submit same to the department for evaluation and recommendations. (2) An environmental impact assessment shall identify and evaluate the effects of specified developments on– (a) human beings; (b) flora and fauna; (c) soil; (d) water; (e) air and climatic factors; (f) material assets, including the cultural heritage and the landscape; (g) natural resources; (h) the ecological balance; (i) any other environmental factor which needs to be taken into account. (3) An environmental impact assessment shall include measures which a proposed developer intends to take to mitigate any adverse environmental effects and a statement of reasonable alternative sites (if any), and reasons for their rejection. (4) Every project, programme or activity shall be assessed with a view to the need to protect and improve human health and living conditions and the need to preserve the reproductive capacity of ecosystems as well as the diversity of species. (5) When making an environmental impact assessment, a proposed developer shall consult with public and other interested bodies or organizations. [ ] 32 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (6) The Department may make its own environmental impact assessment and synthesise the views of the public and interested bodies. (7) A decision by the Department to approve an environmental impact assessment may be subject to the signing of an Environmental Compliance Plan, the payment of an environmental monitoring fee, the posting of guarantees or performance bonds, and such other conditions as may be reasonably required for environmental purposes. (8) Any exercise of the powers of the Department under sub sections (6) and (7), is an exercise of a disaster preparedness related power within the meaning of section 13(1) of the Disaster Preparedness and Response Act. 21. The Minister may make regulations prescribing the types of projects, programmes or activities for which an environmental impact assessment is required and prescribing the procedures, contents, guidelines and other matters relevant to such an assessment. 22. Every person who fails to carry out an environmental impact assessment or any conditions imposed by the Department or fails to execute its Environmental Compliance Plan as required under this Act or any regulation made thereunder, commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than fifty thousand dollars and not exceeding one hundred thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both such fine and imprisonment. 23. Notwithstanding the provisions of any other Act, rules or regulations, the procedure for carrying out an environmental impact assessment shall be in accordance with the provisions of this Act and any regulations made thereunder. 5 of 2009. 10 of 2000. CAP. 145. Regulations for environmental impact assessment. Penalty for non compliance with EIA process. 5 of 2009. Procedure. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 33 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 23A.–(1) Where the Department has determined that a project, programme or activity may not have a significant impact on the environment but may have some negative impact that need to be properly studied and assessed, the Department may require that a limited level environmental study be carried out by a suitably qualified person who shall submit such study to the Department for its approval. (2) Every person who fails to carry out a limited level environmental study or any conditions imposed by the Department or fails to execute its Environmental Compliance Plan as required under this Act or any regulations made thereunder, commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than twenty thousand dollars and not exceeding fifty thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both such fine and imprisonment. 24. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires– “cleaning agent” means any laundry detergent, dish-washing compound, household cleaner, metal cleaner, degreasing compound, commercial cleaner, industrial cleaner, phosphate compound or other substance intended to be used for cleaning purposes; “nutrient” means any substance or combination of substances that, if added to any waters in sufficient quantities, provides nourishment that promotes the growth of aquatic vegetation in those waters to such densities as to– (a) interfere with their use by human beings or by any animal, fish or plant that is useful to human beings; or (b) degrade or alter or form part of a process of degradation or alteration of the quality of those waters to an extent that is detrimental to Requirement for limited level environmental study. 5 of 2009. Interpretation in this Part. [ ] 34 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize their use by human beings or by any animal, fish or plant that is useful to human beings; “water conditioner” means any water softening chemical, anti scale chemical, corrosion inhibiter or other substance intended to be used to treat water. 25.–(1) No person shall manufacture or import for use or sale in Belize any cleaning agent or water conditioner that contains a prescribed nutrient in a concentration that is greater than the prescribed permissible concentration of that nutrient in the cleaning agent or water conditioner. (2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub section (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both such fine and imprisonment, and the cleaning agent or water conditioner in respect of which the offence was committed shall be forfeited. 26. The Minister may make regulations– (a) prescribing nutrients; (b) prescribing the permissible concentration of any prescribed nutrient in any cleaning agent or water conditioner; and (c) respecting the manner in which the concentration of any prescribed nutrient in a cleaning agent or water conditioner shall be determined. Prohibition on nutrients. Regulations on nutrients. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 35 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize PART V Investigation, Procedures, Reports, Offences and Penalties, etc. 27.–(1) Any person who has information that an offence has been committed under this Act or any regulations made thereunder may report the facts to the Department for investigation. (2) The Department shall investigate every report made under sub-section (1), and where there is sufficient evidence that an offence has been committed, the Department may institute legal proceedings or report the matter to the Police, as may be appropriate. (3) In the event of a conviction, the court may award any amount not exceeding one-quarter of the fine imposed for an environmental offence to the person who supplied such information that led to the conviction of the offender. 28. Every person who assaults, obstructs or hinders a designated officer in the execution of his duty under this Act or regulations made thereunder commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or to imprisonment for a term not less than six months and not exceeding five years, or to both such fine and imprisonment. 29.–(1) Every person who– (a) negligently or carelessly causes a disaster that results in a loss of the use of the environment; or (b) shows wanton or reckless disregard for the lives or safety of other persons and thereby Investigation of offences. 5 of 2009. Obstruction etc., of designated officer. Damage to environment and death or harm to persons. 2 of 1998. 5 of 2009. [ ] 36 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize causes a risk of death or harm to another person, commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than twenty-five thousand dollars and not exceeding two hundred thousand dollars, or, in the case of a conviction under paragraph (a), to three times the assessed value of the damage caused, whichever is the greater, or to imprisonment for a term of not less than two years and not exceeding ten years, or to both the fine (or the assessed value of the damage), and the term of imprisonment. (2) Subject to sub-section (3), every person who causes or permits any damage to critical habitats declared by the Department, or to any other part of the environment, commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than fifty thousand dollars and not exceeding two hundred thousand dollars, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both such fine and imprisonment. (3) Every person who causes or permits any damage to the Belize Barrier Reef System or any significant coral formation, commits an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than five thousand dollars and not exceeding twenty five thousand dollars per square meter of damage. (4) Any person who causes or permits any damage in the manner specified under this section, shall promptly report such damage to the Department. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 37 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (5) Any person who fails to make a report required under this section, commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than five thousand dollars and not exceeding ten thousand dollars or to imprisonment for period not exceeding one year or to both such fine and imprisonment. (6) Any person who is required to give a report under this section, makes, in giving such a report, a statement which is false or misleading in any material particular, commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than five thousand dollars and not exceeding twenty five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years or to both such fine and imprisonment. 30. Where an offence under this Act or regulations made thereunder is committed or continued on more than one day, the person who committed the offence is liable to be convicted for a separate offence for each day on which the offence is committed or continued. 31. Where an offence under this Act or any regulations made thereunder is committed by a body corporate, every person who at the time of the commission of the offence was a director, general manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate, or was purporting to act in any such capacity, shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence unless he proves that the offence was committed without his consent or connivance and that he exercised all such diligence to prevent the commission of the offence as he ought to have exercised, having regard to the nature of his functions in that capacity and to all the circumstances. 32. The owner or master of a ship or the owner or pilot in command of an aircraft may be charged with an offence arising out of a contravention of Part III (Prohibition on Dumping) as owner, master, pilot in command or person in charge, as the case may be, of the ship or aircraft, if it is adequately identified, and no such charge is invalid by reason only that it does not name 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. Continuing offence. 2 of 1998. Offences by Corporations. Identifying owner, master, etc. [ ] 38 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize the owner, master, pilot in command or person in charge, as the case may be, of the ship or aircraft. 33.–(1) In any prosecution of an offence under this Act, it is sufficient proof of the offence to establish that it was committed by an employee or agent of the accused, whether or not the employee or agent is identified or prosecuted for the offence. (2) In any prosecution of the master of a ship or the pilot in command of an aircraft for an offence arising out of a contravention of Part III, it is sufficient proof of the offence to establish that it was committed by a crew member or other person on board the ship or aircraft, whether or not the crew member or other person is identified or prosecuted for the offence. 34.–(1) Where an offender is convicted of an offence under this Act, the court may suspend the passing of sentence and may, having regard to the nature of the offence and the circumstances surrounding its commission, make an order under section 35 of this Act. (2) Where the passing of sentence has been suspended under sub-section (1), and the offender contravenes or fails to comply with an order made under section 35, or is convicted of an offence under this Act, the prosecutor may apply to the court to impose any sentence that could have been imposed if the passing of sentence had not been suspended. 35.–(1) Where an offender has been convicted of an offence under this Act, in addition to any other punishment that may be imposed under this Act, the court may, having regard to the nature of the offence and the circumstances surrounding its commission, make an order having any or all of the following effects– (a) prohibiting the offender from doing any act or engaging in any activity that may result in the continuation or repetition of the offence; Proof of offences. 5 of 2009. Suspended sentence. Order of court. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 39 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (b) directing the offender to take such action as the Court considers appropriate to remedy or avoid any harm to the environment that results or may result from the act or omission that constituted the offence; (c) directing the offender to publish, in the manner prescribed, the facts relating to the conviction; (d) directing the offender to notify, at the offender’s own cost and in the manner prescribed, any person aggrieved or affected by the offender’s conduct, of the facts relating to the conviction; (e) directing the offender to post such bond or pay such amount of money into court as will ensure compliance with any order made pursuant to this section; (f) directing the offender to submit to the Department, on application made by it within three years after the date of conviction, such information with respect to the activities of the offender as the Court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances; (g) directing the offender to compensate the Department, in whole or part, for the cost of any remedial or preventive action taken by or caused to be taken on behalf of the Department as a result of the act or omission that constituted the offence; (h) directing the offender to perform community service, subject to such reasonable conditions as may be imposed therein; [ ] 40 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (i) requiring the offender to comply with such other reasonable conditions as the court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances for securing the offender’s good conduct and for preventing the offender from repeating the same offence or committing other offences. (2) Where an offender fails to comply with an order made under sub-section (1)(c) directing the publication of the facts relating to the offence, the Department may publish the facts in compliance with the order and recover the costs of publication from the offender. (3) Where the court makes an order under sub-section (1)(g) directing an offender to pay costs or the Department incurs publication costs under sub-section (2), the costs constitute a debt due to the Government of Belize and may be recovered as such in any court of competent jurisdiction. (4) An order made under sub-section (1) comes into force on the day on which it is made or on such other day as the court may determine and shall not continue in force for more than three years after that day. 36. Where an offender has been convicted of an offence under this Act, the Court may, where it is satisfied that as a result of the commission of the offence the offender acquired any monetary benefits or that monetary benefits accrued to the offender, order the offender to pay, notwithstanding the maximum amount of any fine that may otherwise be imposed under this Act, an additional fine in an amount equal to the court’s estimation of the amount of those monetary benefits. 37.–(1) Where an offender has been convicted of an offence under this Act, the Court may, at the time of passing the sentence and on the application of the person aggrieved, order the offender to pay to that person an amount by way of satisfaction Additional fine. Compensation for loss of property. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 41 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize or compensation for loss of or damage to property suffered by that person as a result of the commission of the offence. (2) Where an amount that is ordered to be paid under sub section (1) is not paid forthwith, the applicant may, by filing the order, enter as a judgment in the Court in which the trial was held, the amount ordered to be paid, and that judgment is enforceable against the offender in the same manner as if it were a judgment rendered against the offender in that Court in civil proceedings. 38. Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with an order or direction made under section 35 commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both such fine and imprisonment. 39.–(1) Where, on the application of the Department, it appears to the Supreme Court that a person has done, or is about to do, or is likely to do, any act or thing constituted or directed toward the commission of an offence under this Act, the Court may issue an injunction ordering any person named in the application– (a) to refrain from doing any act or thing that it appears to the Court may constitute or be directed towards the commission of an offence under this Act; or (b) to do any act or thing that it appears to the Court may prevent the commission of an offence under this Act. (2) No injunction shall issue under sub-section (1) unless forty-eight hours notice is given to the party or parties named in the application or the urgency of the situation is such that service of notice would not be in the public interest. Penalty for contravening orders of court. Injunction. [ ] 42 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 40.–(1) Any person who has suffered loss or damage as a result of conduct that is contrary to any provision of this Act or the regulations may, in a Court of competent jurisdiction, sue for and recover from the person who engaged in the conduct an amount equal to the loss or damage proved to have been suffered by the person and an amount to compensate for the costs of any investigation in connection with the matter and of proceedings under this section. (2) Any person who suffers or is about to suffer loss or damage as a result of conduct that is contrary to any provision of this Act or the regulations may seek an injunction from the Supreme Court ordering the person engaged in the conduct– (a) to refrain from doing any act or thing that it appears to the Court causes or will cause the loss or damage; or (b) to do any act or thing that it appears to the Court prevents or will prevent the loss or damage. (3) In any action under sub-section (1) against a person, the record of proceedings in any court in which that person was convicted of an offence under this Act is, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, proof that the person against whom the action is brought engaged in conduct that was contrary to a provision of this Act. 41.–(1) Nothing in this Act shall prevent the prosecution of any person for an offence under any other law. (2) No civil remedy for an act or omission is suspended or affected by reason only that the act or omission is an offence under this Act and nothing in this Act shall be construed so as to repeal, remove, or reduce any remedy available to any person under any other law. Civil cause of action. Other proceedings and remedies not affected. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 43 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 42.–(1) The Department may appoint any person to prosecute offences under this Act or any regulations made thereunder. (2) No prosecution for an offence under this Act or any regulations made thereunder shall be instituted except with the leave of the Department or of the Director of Public Prosecutions. 43. The Minister shall, as soon as possible after the end of each year, prepare and cause to be laid before the National Assembly a report on the administration and enforcement of this Act for that year. 44. The Minister may, from time to time, by Order published in the Gazette, amend the Schedule. 45.–(1) The Minister may make regulations for the better carrying out of the provisions of this Act. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), regulations made by the Minister may provide for– (a) the forms for permits, licences and authorizations to be granted under this Act or under any regulations made thereunder; (b) the fees for permits, licences and authorizations that may be issued under this Act or any regulations made thereunder; (c) service of documents required to be served under this Act or any regulations made thereunder; (d) the designation of suitably qualified persons as authorized to carry out the functions and duties of environmental officers under this Act; Leave for prosecutions. Annual report. Amendment of Schedule. General regulations. 2 of 1998. [ ] 44 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (e) the establishment of measures for the use of economic instruments and market-based approaches for emission, trading, effluent and waste disposal fees; (f) standards with respect to the protection and rehabilitation of the environment and the conservation of natural resources; (g) requiring the filing of returns concerning any matter regulated by or under this Act; (h) the grant, refusal, revocation or suspension of any licence or permit that may be issued by the Department and the terms, conditions or restrictions subject to which such licence or permit may be granted; (i) the importation, collection, storage, recycling, recovery or disposal of substances which may be hazardous to the environment; (j) procedures and requirements to be followed by any person or entity carrying out the exploration of land, water resources, seas or other natural resources; (k) the terms for enforcement notices or other orders to be made under this Act; (l) prescribing categories of projects or developments which may require a permit; (m) standards and codes of practices with respect to the protection and rehabilitation of the environment and the conservation of natural resources; [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 45 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (n) the discharge of wastes generally, and fees payable in relation thereto; (o) the fees or charges payable to the Department for services rendered by the Department in carrying out the provisions of this Act; (p) prohibition or regulation of the open-burning of refuse or other combustible matter; (q) prohibition of the use of any equipment, facility, vehicle or boat capable of causing pollution or regulating the construction, installation or operation thereof so as to prevent or minimize pollution; (r) the issuance of permits to construct and operate landfills; (s) the licensing of storage depots where containers can be deposited; (t) the licensing of the processing of recyclables; (u) the licensing of other solid waste processing facilities; (v) such measures as are necessary to ensure that activities in the maritime zone are so conducted as not to cause damage by pollution to the natural environment; 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. [ ] 46 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (w) the control and prevention of pollution from vessels, crafts and other engines used in the maritime zone; (x) the control and prevention of pollution from installation devices used in the exploration or exploitation of the natural resources of the sea bed and subsoil of the maritime zone; (y) the control and prevention of pollution of the maritime environment from land based sources, including rivers, estuaries, pipelines and outfall structures; (z) the control and prevention of pollution of the marine environment arising from or in connection with seabed activities and from artificial islands, installations and structures in the maritime zone; (aa) any other matter which the Minister deems necessary to be dealt with by way of regulations. 45A. Any person, body or agency having authority over any matter in respect of which the Department has functions to perform pursuant to this Act, shall not whether provisionally or finally, approve or determine such matter until the Department has been consulted and approval received thereon. 45B. This Act shall bind the State. 46. Notwithstanding the provisions of the Interpretation Act, regulations made under this Act may provide that the contravention or breach thereof shall be punishable on summary conviction by a fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars or a term of imprisonment not exceeding ten years or by both such fine and imprisonment. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. 5 of 2009. Consultation with the Department. 5 of 2009. Act to bind the State. Penalties. CAP.1. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 47 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 47.–(1) In all proceedings in which any notice, order or other document required or authorized to be given or served under this Act has to be proved, the defendant shall be deemed to have received notice to produce it, and until the contrary is shown, that document and its due giving or service may be sufficiently proved by the production of what purports to be a copy, bearing a certificate under the hand of the person authorized to issue the original, stating that it was given or served on the date specified in the certificate. (2) The validity of any notice, order, other document or of its giving or service shall not be affected by an error, misdescription or irregularity which– (a) is not calculated to mislead; and (b) in fact does not mislead. 48. In a prosecution for an offence under this Act or any regulations made or thereunder, an averment in the complaint or to the effect that– (a) a person was the occupier, or in control, of any premises or of any part of any premises shall be deemed to be proven in the absence of proof to the contrary; or (b) in any matter the subject of the complaint, a permit or licence was not granted or any other form of authorization had not been given shall be deemed to be proven in the absence of proof to the contrary. 49. A statement in writing purporting to be signed by the Department– (a) to the effect that a specified person has been generally appointed by the Public Service Commission, the Minister or the Department– Proof of documents. Averment of occupation or control. Statement to be evidence of authority. [ ] 48 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (i) as an environment officer; (ii) as an analyst; or (iii) to institute proceedings for offences against this Act; (b) to the effect that a specified person was served with a notice under this Act and failed to comply with that notice; (c) to the effect that a specified person has not been appointed by the Department as a designated officer; (d) to the effect that any exemption has been granted, or any conditions have been imposed, or that any variation or revocation of any condition or exemption has been made under this Act; (e) to the effect that for any specified property or person– (i) there was, or was not, in force a permit on a certain date or for a certain period; (ii) there was in force a permit which was subject to a specified condition, limitation or restriction; or (iii) the permit relating to the property or person was suspended on a certain date or for a certain period; (f) to the effect that permission of any specified kind was, or was not, granted under this Act to any specified person; [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 49 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (g) to the effect that no exemption of any specified kind has been granted under this Act in favor of any specified person; (h) to the effect that any person was or was not licensed or did or did not have a licence, permit or authorization on a certain date or for a certain period or that a licence, permit or authorization was subject to any specified conditions, limitations, or restrictions, or that a licence, permit or authorization was suspended during a certain period or that a site was or was not licensed to accept industrial waste on a certain date or for a certain period; (i) a document, standard, rule, specification or method, a copy of which is attached to the statement, is a document, standard, rule, specification or method referred to in a regulation, notice, licence, or permit under this Act; or (j) to the effect that a document was or was not lodged with, received by, or served on, the Department, shall be prima facie evidence of the matters stated therein. 50.–(1) A person commits an offence who to– (a) intentionally or negligently provides incorrect or misleading information to, or conceals information from, the Department or a designated officer; or (b) intentionally or negligently provides incorrect or misleading information, or conceals information concerning the properties or hazards of industrial waste thereby Offences relating false information. [ ] 50 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize endangering human life, or the environment, or adversely affecting the operation of any plant or equipment used to treat or dispose industrial waste. (2) Any person who commits an offence under sub-section (1), is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars or two years imprisonment, or to both such fine and imprisonment. 51.–(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Act, if– (a) pollutants have been or are being discharged; (b) a condition of pollution is likely to arise; (c) any industrial waste or potentially hazardous substance appears to have been abandoned or dumped; (d) any industrial waste or potentially hazardous substance is being handled; and (e) a designated officer is of the opinion that there is or is likely to be imminent danger to the environment, the designated officer may give such directions either orally or in writing within twenty-four hours, as the designated officer considers appropriate, to remove, disperse, destroy, dispose of, abate, neutralize or treat any pollutant, waste, substance, environmental hazard or noise. (2) No matter or thing done by a designated officer or by any person under a direction given by a designated officer shall, if the matter or thing was done in good faith in the exercise of the power conferred by this section on the designated officer, subject the designated officer or that person personally to any action, liability, claim or demand whatsoever. Special powers of authorized officers where there is imminent danger to environment. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 51 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (3) Any person who contravenes without reasonable cause a direction given by a designated officer under sub-section (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to five years imprisonment, or to both such fine and imprisonment. PART VI Enforcement, Notices, Offences and Penalties, etc. 52.–(1) If the Department is of the opinion that any person is contravening the provisions of this Act or any regulations made thereunder or is contravening any condition of any licence, permit or any condition imposed under the provisions of this Act or regulations made thereunder or is likely to contravene any such condition, the Department may serve on him an enforcement notice. (2) An enforcement notice shall– (a) state the opinion of the Department in relation to the alleged contravention as provided in sub-section (1); (b) specify the matters constituting the contravention or the matters making it likely that the contravention will arise; (c) specify the steps that must be taken to remedy the contravention or to remedy the matters making it likely that the contravention will arise, as the case may be; and (d) specify the period within which those steps must be taken. (3) A copy of an enforcement notice shall be served– Enforcement notices. [ ] 52 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (a) on the owner and on the occupier of the land to which it relates; and (b) on any other person, including any agent of the owner, having an interest which, in the opinion of the Department, is materially affected by the notice. (4) An enforcement notice may require– (a) the suspension or cancellation of any permit, licence or approval granted or issued by the Department; (b) the stopping or shutting down of any activity or thing either permanently or for a specified period; (c) the cessation of the construction or operation of any activity or thing until the Department is satisfied that the activity or thing will be constructed or operated in accordance with this Act or any regulations made thereunder; (d) the specification of the measures that must be taken in order to effect compliance with this Act or regulations made thereunder; (e) the alteration or removal of any buildings or waste; or (f) any activity on the land not to be carried on, or to be carried on, only to the extent specified in the notice. (5) The Department may in the enforcement notice, order the immediate cessation of the offending activity if it is of the opinion that the circumstances giving rise to the notice are such as to warrant an order to that effect. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 53 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 53.–(1) The Department may withdraw an enforcement notice if the person on whom the enforcement notice has been served consents in writing to comply with the requirements set out in the notice. (2) The powers conferred by sub-section (1) may be exercised whether or not the notice has taken effect. (3) The Department shall, immediately after exercising the powers conferred by sub-section (1), give notice of the exercise to every person who has been served with a copy of the enforcement notice or would, if the notice were re-issued, be served with a copy of the notice. (4) The withdrawal of an enforcement notice does not affect the power of the Department to issue a further enforcement notice. 54.–(1) A person on whom an enforcement notice is served, or any other person having an interest in the land affected may, at any time before the date specified in the notice as the date on which it is to take effect, appeal to the Supreme Court against the notice on any of the following grounds– (a) that, in respect of any breach of this Act or regulations made thereunder, which may be constituted by the matters stated in the notice or, as the case may be, the condition or limitation concerned, have been discharged; (b) that those matters have not occurred; (c) that those matters (if they occurred) do not constitute a breach of the Act or regulations; (d) that copies of the enforcement notice were not served as required by section 52; Variation or withdrawal of enforcement notice. Appeal against an enforcement notice. [ ] 54 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (e) that the steps required by the notice to be taken, or the activities required by the notice to cease, exceed what is necessary to remedy any breach of this Act which may be constituted by those matters or, as the case may be, to remedy any injury to any amenity which has been caused by any such breach. (2) Where an appeal is made against an enforcement notice in which the cessation of an activity is ordered, the notice shall remain in force pending the final determination or withdrawal of the appeal. 55.–(1) Where, at any time after the end of the period for compliance with an enforcement notice, any step required by the notice to be taken has not been taken or any activity required by the notice to cease is being carried on, the person who is then the owner or occupier of the property is in breach of the notice. (2) Where the owner or occupier of the property is in breach of the notice, he commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding twenty five thousand dollars or to five years imprisonment, or to both such fine and term of imprisonment. (3) In proceedings against any person for an offence under sub-section (2), it shall be a defence for him or her to show that he did everything he or she could be expected to do to secure compliance with the notice. (4) A person who has control of, or an interest in, the land to which an enforcement notice relates (other than the owner) shall not carry on any activity which is required by the notice to cease or permit such an activity to be carried on. (5) A person who, at any time before the end of the period for compliance with the notice, contravenes sub-section (4), commits an offence and is liable to a fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars or to five years imprisonment, or both such fine Offence where enforcement notice not complied with. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 55 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize and imprisonment, and if the offence is continued, he or she commits a further offence and is liable to a fine of five thousand dollars for every day the offence continues. (6) An offence under sub-section (2) or (5) may be charged by reference to any day or longer period of time and a person may be convicted of a second or subsequent offence under the sub-section in question by reference to any period of time following the preceding conviction of such an offence. 56. A designated officer may arrest, with or without a warrant, any person who contravenes or is suspected on reasonable grounds of contravening or having contravened any provision of this Act or any regulations made there-under; provided that any person arrested under this section by a designated officer shall as soon as practicable be handed over by him or her to a police officer or taken by him or her to a police station. 57.–(1) Any person suspected on reasonable grounds of having contravened or of being about to contravene, a provision of this Act or any regulations made thereunder shall, upon being requested so to do by a designated officer correctly state his name and address and if he fails to do so, he commits an offence. (2) Any person who commits an offence under sub-section (1) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to one year imprisonment, or to both such fine and imprisonment. 58.–(1) Where a person fails to carry out an environmental impact assessment as required under this Act or any regulations made thereunder or fails to comply with the provisions of section 16, the Department may issue an order in writing to such person directing him to cease, by such date as shall be specified in the order, the activity in respect of which the permit or environmental impact assessment, as the case may be, is required. Arrest of person. Penalty. Cessation order. [ ] 56 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (2) Where the person to whom an order is issued under sub section (1) fails to take such steps as he considers appropriate to ensure the cessation of the activity to which the order relates, he commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term of not less than five years and not exceeding eight years, or to both such fine and term of imprisonment. 59. A prosecution for an offence under this Act or any regulations made thereunder may be commenced within two years after the commission of the offence or within two years after the Department becomes aware of the offence, whichever is the later. 60. Whenever the provisions of this Act or any regulations made are in conflict with or inconsistent with the provisions of any Act, regulations, rules relating to pollution, environmental impact assessment or the treatment of waste, the provisions of this Act and the regulations made thereunder shall prevail. PART VII Environmental Management Fund, etc. 61. There shall be established an Environmental Management Fund (in this Act hereinafter referred to as “the Fund”). 62. The objects of the Fund shall be to assist the Department– (a) to cover all costs associated with the response and clean-up of oil spills and other chemicals spills; (b) to carry out programmes to prevent and reduce pollution; Limitation period. Act to prevail in case of conflict. Environmental Management Fund. Object of the fund. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 57 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (c) to provide support for laboratory analysis of samples collected for environmental monitoring; (d) to support its environmental monitoring and enforcement programmes; (e) to promote environmental public awareness and research; (f) to encourage local environmental initiatives; (g) to publish reports and publications on the environment; (h) to promote, support and encourage activities relating to protection and management of the environment; and (i) to plan and implement other initiatives important for the effective and efficient management of our natural and environmental resources. 63.–(1) The Fund shall be administered by a Board which shall consist of– (a) the Chief Executive Officer responsible for the Ministry of Environment who shall be the Chairperson of the Board; the Financial Secretary, or his nominee; (b) the Chief Environmental Officer; (c) the Chief Executive Officer responsible for the Ministry of Economic Development; and (d) a non-governmental organization nominated by the Department. Management of Fund. [ ] 58 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (2) The Board shall– (a , ) furnish to the Minister such information with respect to the discharge of its functions as the Minister may require; (b) regulate its meetings and proceedings in such manner as it thinks fit. (3) Meetings of the Board may be convened by the Chairperson or by any two Board members. (4) The Chief Environmental Officer shall be the Secretary of the Board. (5) The Chief Environmental Officer shall submit an annual budget for the approval of the Board. (6) The moneys of the Fund shall not be offset against the Department’s allocation approved by the Government. (7) The Board shall prepare a statement of accounts of the Fund in respect of each financial year. 64.–(1) The Board shall keep proper accounts and other records in relation to its business and shall prepare annually a statement of accounts being in a form which shall conform to the best commercial and accounting standards. (2) The accounts of the Board shall be audited annually by an independent auditor appointed each year by the Board with the approval of the Minister. 65. Within six months after the end of each financial year, the Board shall cause to be made and shall submit to the Minister– (a) a statement of its accounts audited in accordance with section 64(2); and Accounts and audit. Annual report. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 59 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (b) a report dealing generally with the proceedings and policies of the Board during that financial year. 66.–(1) The Board shall open and maintain at such bank, as may be approved by the Minister, an account for the Fund. (2) All money forming part of the Fund shall, as soon as practicable after it is received, be paid into the Fund. (3) No money shall be paid out of the account of the Fund except with any general or special directions of the Board. The account of the Fund may only be operated on by cheque or other negotiable instrument signed by a member of the Board who is authorized by the Board to sign cheques drawn on the account, and countersigned by any other member of the Board who is authorized to sign such cheques. (4) Moneys of the Fund shall be expended only to meet the objectives and purposes authorized under this Act. 67. The Board may with the approval of the Minister make such rules as it thinks fit for the purposes of the Fund. 68. The Fund shall consist of– (a) such sums received from the required one tenth of one percent (1/10 of 1%) of gross revenue from all petroleum production in Belize, contained in all production sharing agreements (PSAs) and as required by Regulation 15 of the Petroleum Regulations, in Statutory Instrument No. 112 of 1992; (b) such sums as may be received for the purposes of the Fund by way of voluntary contributions or donations; Fund account. Fund rules. Income of the Fund. [ ] 60 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (c) such sums as are paid for fees, licenses, penalties or approvals under this Act or any Regulations made thereunder; (d) twenty per centum of all revenues derived from the implementation of sections 3 and 7 (f) of the Environmental Tax Act; (e) such sums as may be received for the sale of Department’s publications, or library fees etc; (f) such sums as may be received from littering violation tickets issued outside city or town limits, and from any similar ticketing system; (g) Repealed; (h) such sums as may be appropriated by Parliament for the purposes of the Fund; and (i) any other money lawfully contributed, donated or paid into the Fund from any other source. PART VIII Miscellaneous 69.–(1) Where an offence under this Act or any regulations made thereunder has been committed and it appears to the Chief Environmental Officer that having regard to the nature of the evidence and all other circumstances it would be reasonable and expedient to make an out-of-court settlement, he may, after seeking legal advice and with the prior approval of the Minister, make a settlement in lieu of commencing or continuing court proceedings, and in every such case the amount to be paid under the settlement shall also include all reasonable expenses the Government may have incurred in the seizure, storage, CAP. 64.01 18 of 2015. Out-of-court settlements. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 61 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize maintenance or removal of any article seized in connection with the offence. (2) In any proceedings brought against a person in respect of an alleged offence under this Act or any regulations made thereunder, it shall be a defence for such a person to prove that he or she has paid the agreed amount under an out-of-court settlement in respect of such offence. (3) The Chief Environmental Officer shall submit to the Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry quarterly reports of all offences in respect of which out-of-court settlements were made under sub-section (1). 70.–(1)The Minister may make regulations for the issuance of violation tickets for pollution offences and all matters connected therewith or incidental thereto, and without prejudice to the generality of the forgoing, such regulations may provide for all or any of the following matters– (a) the form of the violations ticket; (b) persons by whom a violation ticket may be issued; (c) the place or places where the fine stated on the violation ticket may be paid; (d) the time of paying such fines; (e) the penalty for failure to pay such fine within the time specified; (f) the procedure for requesting a court hearing by a person who has been issued with a violation ticket. Violation tickets regulations. [ ] 62 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize (2) Where an act constitutes of an offence both for the purpose of the regulations made under sub-section (1) and the Summary Jurisdiction (Littering Offences)(Violation Tickets) Regulations 2003 edition, made under section 4 of the Summary Jurisdiction (Offences) Act, the offender shall be liable to be charged and prosecuted only under one of the said regulations. 71. The Department may impose financial assurances, performance bonds or guarantees as a condition for the grant of environmental clearance, licences, permits or otherwise under the provisions of this Act or any regulations made thereunder. 72.–(1) No person shall construct, operate or manage a landfill or hazardous waste disposal facility without a permit from the Department. (2) The deep well injection site/facility for the purpose of disposal of hazardous wastes shall be considered as a hazardous waste disposal facility. (3) No person shall construct, operate or manage an incinerator or co-generation facility that utilizes refuse derived fuel as its source of fuel without a permit from the Department. (4) The Department may issue a permit subject to conditions including a requirement for a performance bond or guarantee. CAP. 98. Financial assurance. Permit to operate landfills. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 63 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize SCHEDULE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT Hazardous Substances [sections 2 and 17] PART I List of Hazardous Substances Subpart A 1. Organohalogen compounds. 2. Mercury and mercury compounds. 3. Cadmium and cadmium compounds. 4. Persistent plastics and other persistent synthetic materials. 5. Crude oil and its wastes, refined petroleum products, petroleum distillate residues and any mixtures containing any of those substances. 6. High-level radioactive wastes or other high-level radio active matter that may be prescribed. 7. Substances in whatever form, produced for biological and chemical warfare. Subpart B 1. Arsenic and its compounds. [ ] 64 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 2. Lead and its compounds. 3. Copper and its compounds. 4. Zinc and its compounds. 5. Organosilicon compounds. 6. Cyanides. 7. Fluorides. 8. Pesticides and their by-products not included in the List of Hazardous Substances in Part I, subpart A. 9. Beryllium and its compounds. 10. Chromium and its compounds. 11. Nickel and its compounds. 12. Vanadium and its compounds. 13. Containers and scrap metal. 14. Radioactive wastes or other radioactive matter not included in the List of Hazardous Substances in Part I, subpart A. 15. Substances that by reason of their bulk would interfere with fishing. 16. Substances that, though of a non-toxic nature, may become harmful due to the quantities in which they are dumped, or that are liable to seriously reduce amenities. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 65 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize PART II List of Factors 1. Characteristics and Composition of Substance (a) Total amount and average composition of substance dumped (e.g., per year). (b) Form (e.g., solid, sludge, liquid or gaseous). (c) Properties: physical (e.g., solubility and density), chemical and biochemical (e.g., oxygen demand and nutrients) and biological (e.g., presence of viruses, bacteria, yeasts and parasites). (d) Toxicity. (e) Persistence: physical, chemical and biological. (f) Accumulation and biotransformation in biological materials or sediments. (g) Susceptibility to physical, chemical and biochemical changes and interaction in the aquatic environment with other dissolved organic and inorganic materials. (h) Probability of production of taints or other changes reducing marketability of resources (fish and shellfish). 2. Characteristics of Dumping Site and Method of Deposit (a) Location (e.g., coordinates of the dumping site, depth and distance from the coast) and location in relation to other areas (e.g., [ ] 66 [CAP. 328 Environmental Protection THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize amenity areas, spawning, nursery and fishing areas and exploitable resources). (b) Rate of disposal per specific period (e.g., quantity per day, per week, per month). (c) Methods of packaging and containment, if any. (d) Initial dilution achieved by proposed method of release. (e) Dispersal characteristics (e.g., effects of currents, tides and winds on horizontal transport and vertical mixing). (f) Water characteristics (e.g., temperature, pH, salinity, stratification, oxygen indices of pollution - dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) - nitrogen present in organic and mineral form including ammonia, suspended matter, other nutrients and productivity). (g) Bottom characteristics (e.g., topography, geochemical and geological characteristics and biological productivity). (h) Existence and effects of other dumpings that have been made in dumping site (e.g., heavy metal background reading and organic carbon content). (i) Whether an adequate scientific basis exists for assessing the consequence of dumping, as outlined in this List, taking into account seasonal variations. [ ] Environmental Protection [CAP. 328 67 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2020 Printed by Authority of the Government of Belize 3. General Considerations and Conditions (a) Possible effects on amenities (e.g., presence of floating or stranded material, turbidity, objectional odour, discoloration and foaming). (b) Possible effects on marine life, fish and shellfish culture, fish stocks and fisheries, seaweed harvesting and culture. (c) Possible effects on other uses of the sea (e.g., impairment of water quality for industrial use, underwater corrosion of structures, interference with ship operations from floating substances, interference with fishing or navigation through deposit of waste or solid objects on the sea floor and protection of areas as of special importance for scientific or conservation purposes). (d) The practical availability of alternative land based methods of treatment, disposal or elimination, or of treatment to render the substance less harmful for dumping at sea.