A National Climate Change Action Plan for Botswana 2018

12 December 2018 CONTENTS I. The Action Plan .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Structure............................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 A note on Key Performance Indicators (KPIS)................................................................................................... 6 II. Climate Change Adaptation .......................................................................................................... 8

1 Agriculture and Food Security .............................................................................................................................. 8

2 The Water Sector ............................................................................................................................................... 11

3 The Human Health Sector.................................................................................................................................. 15

4 Human Settlements............................................................................................................................................ 18

5 Forest, Savanna and Woodland Management ................................................................................................... 20

6 The Land Use Sector ........................................................................................................................................ 24

7 Disaster Risk Management ................................................................................................................................ 27

8 Biodiversity and EcosystemS ............................................................................................................................. 29

9 Infrastructure Development ................................................................................................................................ 32

10 Industry and Manufacturing Sector .................................................................................................................. 35

11 The Tourism Sector.......................................................................................................................................... 36 III. Climate Change Mitigation .......................................................................................................... 38

12 Sustainable Energy .......................................................................................................................................... 38

13 Transportation .................................................................................................................................................. 42

14 Waste Management ......................................................................................................................................... 46

15 Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use .................................................................................................................. 47

16 Extractives and Mining ..................................................................................................................................... 50

17 Carbon budgets and abatement pathways ....................................................................................................... 52

18 Market based mechanisms .............................................................................................................................. 53 IV. Cross-cutting Themes ................................................................................................................... 55

19 Gender 55

20 Strategies for Education, Training and Capacity Building ................................................................................ 58

21 Economic Equality and Equity .......................................................................................................................... 60

22 Strategies recommended for Innovation and R&D ........................................................................................... 61

23 Communication and Knowledge Management ................................................................................................. 63

24 Climate Services .............................................................................................................................................. 65 2 V. Institutional Arrangements ............................................................................................................ 67 VI. Resource Mobilisation .................................................................................................................. 68 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry, and Land Use AME Africa and Middle East BERA Botswana Energy Regulatory Authority BTO Botswana Tourism Organisation CAR Centre for Applied Research COP21 21st session of the Conference of the Parties CORB Cubango-Okavango River Basin CORSIA Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation CLIDAP Climate Data Processing and Production System CRIDF Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility ºC Degrees Celsius DEA Department of Environmental Affairs DFRC Development Finance Resource Centre DWA Department of Water Affairs DMS Department of Meteorological Services DRM Disaster Risk Management DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EBA Ecosystem Based Approach EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan GACSA Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture Gg Gigagrams GHG Greenhouse Gas GIS Geographic Information System GNI Gross National Income HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IAE International Energy Agency ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IDIS Information Dissemination and Early Warning System INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IPTN Integrated Public Transport Network IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MENT Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation, and Tourism MM Millimetre MONIS Monitoring System MRV Measurement, Reporting, and Verification NAP National Action Plan NCCSAP (Botswana) National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NCCC National Committee on Climate Change NDP National Development Plan NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NMES National Monitoring and Evaluation System 3 NMT Non-motorized Transport R&D Research and Development RCM Regional Climate Models SA South Africa SADC Southern Africa Development Community SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SEEA System of Environmental and Economic Accounting REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation REWS Regional Early Warning System SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technical Advice SDG Sustainable Development Goals SNC Second National Communication ToC Table of Contents TRG Technical Reference Group TWG Technical Working Group UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WAVES Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystems Services 4 I. The Action Plan 1.1 INTRODUCTION This action plan serves as a companion document to the Botswana National Climate Change Strategy of 2018. The Action Plan provides a clear pathway for the implementation and monitoring of the strategy by providing targets and indicators for each strategy. As is the case in the strategy, a sectoral approach is adopted, with the additional provision of strategies for cross-cutting themes that are closely linked to effective climate change response. The targets in each strategy follow a specific timeline (2020, 2023, 2026 and 2030), this timeline was adopted for three reasons: 1. To be in-line with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) commitments reporting processes; 2. To further be in-line with UNFCCC reporting mechanisms, thus allowing new and relevant climate change research to be included into new activities undertaken at a new target date; 3. Lastly to be in line with Botswana’s National Development Plan (NDP) process which currently runs 2017 – 2023 and once updated, will run from 2024 – 2030. 1.2 STRUCTURE The Action Plan follows the structure of the strategy and is organised into strategies for Adaptation, Mitigation, and Cross-Cutting Themes. The strategies are organised into the following sectors: Adaptation • Agriculture and food security o Livestock and animal husbandry o Arable agriculture • Water • Human health • Human settlements • Forest management • Land use and land use change • Disaster risk management • Biodiversity and ecosystems • Infrastructure development • Industry and manufacturing • Tourism Mitigation • Sustainable energy • Transportation • Waste management • Agriculture, forestry, and land use • Extractives and mining • Carbon budgets and abatement pathways • Market-based mechanisms 5 Cross-Cutting Themes • Gender • Education, training, and capacity building • Equality and equity • Innovation, research, and development • Communication and knowledge management • Climate services 1.3 A NOTE ON KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPIS) To ensure a usable and clear action plan, measurable and quantitative KPIs have been suggested wherever possible. The KPIs follow certain assumptions and trends: 1. Programme coverage: for programmes or projects that have a beneficiary group that can be identified or defined (by those designing and implementing the programme), indicators are staggered as: program launch / 30% uptake / 60% uptake / 90% or more uptake. 2. Training: for interventions that entail providing training to a select group of persons (based on sector of work or government department or stakeholder categories), indicators have been estimated as the actual number of individuals trained per period. Approximations are linked to the nature of the training, complexity, and relative scale of the beneficiary group. 3. Guidelines, policies, legal instruments (new or amended): for interventions that require drafting and issuance of new guidelines or policies, or passage of bills, indicators relate to the formal approval (or endorsement) and official publication of the instruments. 4. Institutional structures: for interventions that involve the setting up of new councils, committees, and other institutional entities, indicators relate to the membership being finalised, the entity being constituted, and subsequently a number of quarterly meetings every year (as a measurable proxy for regular and effective functioning). 5. Research: for strategies that involve the commissioning and generation of new research, indicators suggested relate to the number of research projects commissioned and underway, as well as (where appropriate) the publication of a certain number of studies. The numbers have been estimated based on the complexity and cross-sectoral nature of the research. 6. Funding allocation and incentives: for interventions that entail allocating funding to projects or programmes or the creation of a new financial incentives, indicators have been suggested based on the sector, the scale of potential beneficiary population, and nature of items to be funded. 7. Funding application: for interventions that focus on resource mobilization through accessing financial institutions and securing funds (such as from project preparation facilities or the Green Climate Fund etc.), the indicators suggested relate to the number of concept notes and 6 applications prepared or submitted, and then a steadily narrowing funnel of the numbers of proposals, and finally the number of grants or loans successfully awarded. During the development of the action plan, both outcome based indicators and process based indicators were considered. For the most part, this action plan integrates process based indicators, but strongly endorses the need for responsible implementing entities to establish baselines for strategic interventions by 2020, and thereby develop outcome based indicators to add to the project or programme design, roll-out, and implementation. This will ensure that Botswana’s sector experts themselves generate evidence-based outcome indicators that are achievable and measurable, and it will enable responsible entities to make the necessary judgment calls about which outcomes – of the many possible outcomes that can be linked to any one strategic intervention – are the ones Botswana wishes to incorporate into its M&E system. To ensure that the process of implementing the Botswana strategy and action plan does indeed kick off and that this document does not get delayed by debates about which outcome based indicator is most appropriate and which is not, and which of many possible outcomes is the one to choose (between competing interests and expert opinions), the action plan that follows prioritizes process indicators. 7 II. Climate Change Adaptation Strategic Intervention S1.2: Implement a strengthened livestock disease surveillance and response system to manage outbreaks, thereby maintaining resilience in the livestock sector and protecting the value of Botswana’s livestock, with a specific focus on climate

1 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY related threats and impacts. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Key Collaborating Entities: Strategic Intervention S1.1: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Identify key livestock-focused areas of intervention within existing Climate Smart Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Agriculture (CSA) programmes, and scale-up such programmes with a specific focus Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology on livestock management. Farmers Associations Responsible Entity: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security The National Strategy Office Key Collaborating Entities: 2020 Target: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Strengthen the Botswana Cattle Producers Association (BCPA) as well as other livestock Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development associations and wherever possible, individual farmers to create and utilise a livestock Botswana Development Corporation (BDC) disease surveillance and response system. Undertake a baseline study into location and Farmers Associations number of herds nationally. Research into best model of surveillance specific to Botswana. The National Strategy Office 2020 KP indicators:

2020 Target: Baseline study and research results produced and disseminated. Key CSA programmes involving livestock identified where climate smart considerations 2023 Target: should be added. Creation of new livestock-specific CSA programmes. National implementation of surveillance system and data gathering underway. Response

2020 KP indicators: systems formalised and made available in accessible formats nationally (including List of programmes to expand finalised. Expansion action plans completed, through civil society organisations). Figures to be gathered ad published yearly. including action plans for livestock-specific programme expansion. 2023 KP indicators:

2023 Target: Surveillance system operational. Three annual reports published. New programme specifically around livestock management and herd resilience has been 2026 Target: created and rolled out. Response systems formalised and made available in accessible formats nationally

2023 KP indicators: (including through civil society organisations). Figures to be gathered ad published yearly. Programmes rolled out with 30% nationwide uptake by farmers. 2026 KP indicators:

2026 Target: Surveillance system operational. Six annual reports published. Programmes ongoing. 2030 Target:

2026 KP indicators: Response system tested and adaptive. Enough data amassed that system becomes both Programmes rolled out with 60% nationwide uptake by farmers. pre-emptive and re-active.

2030 Target: 2030 KP indicators: Programmes ongoing. Surveillance system operational. Nine yearly reports published. 90% involvement of

2030 KP indicators: cattle farmers and uptake of programme. Programmes rolled out with 90% nationwide uptake by farmers. 8 Strategic Intervention S1.3: Strategic Intervention S1.4: Expand the reach of Botswana’s existing Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Provide low-cost credit (concessionary loans), rebates, and other financial programmes, with a specific focus on increasing resilience in production systems incentives to farmers and farming clusters for the purchase and use of solar-power and subsequently production (outcome), the midst of climate change and water pumps and biogas digesters. subsequently improved livelihoods (impact), e.g. job creation and market access. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Responsible Entity: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Farmers Associations Farmers Associations Private Sector Cluster Farmers Research organisations e.g. BITRI, BUAN The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office Private Financial Institutes

2020 Target: 2020 Target: Key CSA programmes to have been identified and replicated in new areas. Ministry to adopt Creation and implementation of key incentives. Creation of criteria for access to incentives a Smart-Monitoring approach that allows to regularly track changes using a standard and templates to support farming communities to apply for the loans and integration into methodology based on key variables that capture short-term adaptive processes and the system. changes in states comparing farmers that are (and are not) adopting CSA options in their 2020 KP indicators: farms. Loan finance mechanisms, concept notes, financial models, finance pathways, and

2020 KP indicators: criteria designed and published. List of programmes to expand finalised. Action plan on how expansion will take 2023 Target: place. Implementation of financial incentives and capacity building for officials to support the

2023 Target: application process. Implementation support and advisory services. Monitoring and Key CSA programmes to be rolled out nationally. evaluation undertaken (in line with NMES system).

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: Programmes rolled out with 30% nationwide uptake by farmers and increase in yield Loans and Concessions systems operational. for farmers in CSA programmes. Smart monitoring system providing key monitoring 2026 Target: variables. Financial offerings and support mechanisms adjusted to suit both growth in uptake and

2026 Target: growth in size of financial offering, as well as implementation processes and success rates. Key CSA programmes to be rolled out nationally. M&E ongoing.

2026 KP indicators: 2026 KP indicators: Programmes rolled out with 60% nationwide uptake by farmers and increase in yield 50% target of access to pumps and digesters nationally. for farmers in CSA programmes. Smart monitoring system providing key monitoring 2030 Target: variables. Focus on adoption of new digester and pump technology. M&E ongoing as per NMES.

2030 Target: 2030 KP indicators: CSA programmes to be nationally accessible even by small-scale farmers with activity 100% target of access to pumps and digesters nationally. along the entire value chain with a focus on both domestic and international markets.

2030 KP indicators: Programmes rolled out with 90% nationwide uptake by farmers and increase in yield for farmers in CSA programmes Smart monitoring system providing key monitoring variables. 9 Strategic Intervention S1.5: Invest in expanded and advanced agricultural early warning systems across all farming regions in Botswana, including the strengthening of watercourse flow gauge network and integration of weather alerts, with integration with ICT and radio-based technologies (e.g. mobile phone alerts) for dissemination of early warnings and climate information services. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC) Farmers Associations The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: Commence research into agricultural seasonal forecast as well as early warning systems that are available and/or already in use in Botswana. Secure terminology/language to be used for early warning, to ensure that the message interpretation is effective. 2020 KP indicators: Research plan and outline available. Terminology secured, and system creation and expansion and process pathway identified.

2023 Target: National marketing/awareness campaign rolled out. Successful systems identified and replicated, and key producers of technologies within Botswana identified. Invest in increasing existing providers capacity. Marketing ready for roll out phase. 2023 KP indicators: Marketing awareness campaign visible nationally. 30% Uptake of technology nationally.

2026 Target: Increase in type of services available and services tailored to more specifically meet the needs of Batswana secure terminology/language to be used for early warning, to ensure that the message interpretation is effective for farmers. 2026 KP indicators: Options available in types of services offered. 60% Uptake of technology nationally. 2030 Target: Promotion of further service providers. Inclusion of non-farm related aspects into communication systems e.g. vaccination drives and other state related communications. 2030 KP indicators: Non – farm related aspects incorporated into system. 90% national uptake. 10

2 THE WATER SECTOR Strategic Intervention S2.1: Strategic Intervention S2.2: Tap into technical and financial support for integrated water resource management Circulate and seek input to guidelines pertaining to the preparation of annual projects more specifically, climate resilience projects in Africa’s transboundary sectoral (Ministerial) budgets to include a climate resilience water conservation, basins by taking project ideas to project preparation and financing entities. water harvesting and water efficiency line item. Responsible Entity: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: All Ministries. Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security 2020 Target: Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Circulate and seek input towards amending guidelines and notify all ministries of new Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) requirements. Propose budgets to include climate resilience water conservation and water The National Strategy Office efficiency line item.

2020 Target: 2020 KP indicators: Identification of viable project ideas and financing identities and alignment with existing Guidelines circulated, and feedback gained. Guidelines identified and amended programmes especially those of a cross boundary nature that are ongoing in the three (amendment approved by Ministry of Finance). river basins which Botswana straddles. Identification of examples of successful projects 2023 Target: for replication. Projects aligned across role players and proposals started. Retain climate resilience water conservation, water harvesting, and water efficiency as a

2020 KP indicators: line item and create responses to non-compliance. Projects identified, and project preparation and financing entities identified, project 2023 KP indicators: preparation commenced. Guidelines amended, in force, and adhered to by all Ministries. Non-compliance

2023 Target: response system created and operational. Projects submitted to a variety of funds. First funds received, and a portion of projects 2026 Target: started. Retain climate resilience water conservation, water harvesting, and water efficiency as a

2023 KP indicators: line item. At least 5 projects submitted to various funds. 2026 KP indicators:

2026 Target: Guidelines amended, in force, and adhered to by all Ministries. Non-compliance Rolling submissions to funds where appropriate. Further capacity building at a response system created and operational. governmental level of financing entities. Majority of projects commenced and existing 2030 Target: projects expanded where fitting. Retain climate resilience water conservation, water harvesting, and water efficiency as a

2026 KP indicators: line item. Funds received for some first round projects. Further project submissions 2030 KP indicators: underway. Guidelines amended, in force, and adhered to by all Ministries. Non-compliance

2030 Target: response system created and operational. Majority of projects commenced and existing projects expanded where fitting.

2030 KP indicators: All project applications submitted. 11 Strategic Intervention S2.3: Strategic Intervention S2.4: Utilize the NDP1 as a channel for accelerating and prioritizing climate resilience in Develop a national groundwater identification, characterisation, protection and the water sector by making ‘water security for all’ one of the central strategic management strategy with an action plan, to delineate groundwater protection pillars. zones in major aquifers, to measure and determine management of increased Responsible Entity: Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services recharge, and to preserve water quality. Key Collaborating Entities: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Office of the President Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security The National Strategy Office Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development

2020 Target: Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology Formal plan to include ‘Water security for all’ as a strategic pillar in 2023 NDP Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) formalised. The National Strategy Office

2020 KP indicators: 2020 Target: Plan to update 2023 NDP formalised, with commitment to water security for all Development of a national groundwater protection and management strategy and action pillar. plan through a multi stakeholder engagement process undertaken by the Department of

2023 Target: Water Affairs. New NDP to include ‘Water security for all’ as a strategic pillar. 2020 KP indicators:

2023 KP indicators: Strategy developed and in process of being ratified. New 2023 NDP includes ‘Water security for all’ as a strategic pillar. 2023 Target:

2026 Target: Undertake actions laid out by the Action Plan. NDP includes ‘Water security for all’ as a strategic pillar. 2023 KP indicators:

2026 KP indicators: Strategy approved and published. Protection zones implemented in all major New 2023 NDP includes ‘Water security for all’ as a strategic pillar. aquifers.

2030 Target: 2026 Target: NDP includes ‘Water security for all’ as a strategic pillar. Strategy and Action Plan adopted and in use.

2030 KP indicators: 2026 KP indicators: New 2023 NDP includes ‘Water security for all’ as a strategic pillar. Major aquifers under optimal levels of use, management, and protection. 2030 Target: Strategy and Action Plan adopted and in use.

2030 KP indicators: Major aquifers under optimal levels of use, management, and protection. 1 NDP 12 will be developed for the years 2024 - 2030 12 Strategic Intervention S2.5: Strategic Intervention S2.6: Provide low-cost credit (concessionary loans) and discounts on utility bills for Develop a programme to scale up the most viable and proven alternatives in commercial and industrial enterprises that invest in water harvesting, grey water Botswana for livestock watering systems (including water hauling, water storage, recycling and re-use systems. pump systems, solar pumps etc.). Responsible Entity: Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Responsible Entity: Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Botswana Development Corporation The National Strategy Office Botswana Housing Corporation (BHC) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) The National Strategy Office 2020 Target: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Undertake research into most viable alternative livestock watering systems. Identify key

2020 Target: programme delivery partners (including Civil Society Organisations). Creation of Research and Identify viable forms of credit and discounts. Identify criteria for allocation of programme with key delivery and outcome indicators outlined. Create and utilise funds and/or discounts. Create suitable fiscal pathways for allocation and monitoring of marketing/awareness material. Monitoring and Evaluation Systems defined in line with credit/discounts. Create marketing/awareness campaign around new credit and discount NMES. models to be utilised nationally. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: Programme design underway and partners identified. Programme commencement. Official drafts of loan finance mechanisms, concept notes, model and finance Awareness material visible nationwide. pathways and criteria finalised and approved. 2023 Target:

2023 Target: Programme rolled out nationally. First evaluations undertaken, and programme adjusted if Roll out of credit and discounts. Ongoing monitoring of fair usage and system efficacy. need be to be more efficient and fitting.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: Loans and Concessions systems operational. Loan manual and information Programme operational and accessible for 30% of target population. Evaluation published and available online and in hard copy. report published and available.

2026 Target: 2026 Target: Credit and discounts ongoing. Ongoing monitoring of fair usage and system efficacy. Full adoption of programme nationally. Second evaluations undertaken. Scan and

2026 KP indicators: inclusion of any new watering systems (if appropriate). Loans and Concessions systems operational. Loan manual and information 2026 KP indicators: published and available online and in hard copy. Programme operational and accessible for 60% of target population. Evaluation

2030 Target: report published and available. Credit and discounts ongoing. Ongoing monitoring of fair usage and system efficacy. 2030 Target:

2030 KP indicators: Programme operational nationally. Scan and inclusion of any new watering systems (if Loans and Concessions systems operational. Loan manual and information appropriate). published and available online and in hard copy. 2030 KP indicators: Programme operational and accessible for 90% + of population. Evaluation report published and available. 13 Strategic Intervention S2.7: Expand the use of the Botswana Water Accounts – Botswana’s System of Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) based on the UN’s method and the World Bank’s WAVES system – to all Ministries for the calculation of water value and accounting. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Key Collaborating Entities: All Ministries. 2020 Target: Department of Water Affairs to engage with other ministries in training around SEEA methods. Ministries to incorporate SEEA into their accounting and budgeting systems 2020 KP indicators: Training schedule drawn up of future training. Training materials developed. 2023 Target: All ministries to have adopted SEEA. Alignment exercise to ensure all ministries are calculating in the same manner and cross ministry tabulations can be made. 2023 KP indicators: All ministries to have been trained in and adopted SEEA methods. 2026 Target: All ministries to have adopted SEEA. 2026 KP indicators: All ministries to have been trained in and adopted SEEA methods. 2030 Target: All ministries to have adopted SEEA. 2030 KP indicators: All ministries to have been trained in and adopted SEEA methods. 14

3 THE HUMAN HEALTH SECTOR Strategic Intervention S3.1: Strategic Intervention S3.2: Update Botswana’s Public Health Act of 2013 as well as other relevant and major Integrate climate change related surveillance and tracking into the health legislation to include provisions that address the public health impacts of operationalization of Botswana’s 2011 National Health Policy, including the policy’s climate change. clear goal on collection of health information and research, development of a web- Responsible Entity: Ministry of Health and Wellness based observatory, and setting up of a National Health Research Council. Key Collaborating Entities: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Health and Wellness COHRED, The Council on Health Research for Development Key Collaborating Entities: The National Strategy Office COHRED, The Council on Health Research for Development

2020 Target: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Identify expert institutions and individuals who can best advise the Ministry of Health and The National Strategy Office Wellness on the public health impacts of climate change. Identify relevant legislation to 2020 Target: update and update act and legislation accordingly. The Department of Health Policy, Development, Monitoring and Evaluation (HPDME) to

2020 KP indicators: begin multi - stakeholder engagement around the setting up of a National Health Research Public Health Act and relevant legislation updated, and provisions included. Council. Identify key institutions and individuals to be involved in the council. Begin process of creating the council. Create web-based observatory. Ministry of Health to integrate 2023 Target: climate change related surveillance and tracking into the operationalization of Botswana’s Public Health Act and relevant legislation updated.

2011 National Health Policy and disseminate information about the process to all relevant

2023 KP indicators: parties. Identify areas where priority disease/vector localities require more localised focus. Public Health Act and relevant legislation updated, and provisions included. NHRC to undertake baseline study of current effects of climate change on health. 2026 Target: 2020 KP indicators: Public Health Act and relevant legislation updated. Engagement designed and disseminated to concerned parties. Key policy updates

2026 KP indicators: identified. Council created. Baseline study undertaken and results published. Public Health Act and relevant legislation updated, and provisions included. 2023 Target:

2030 Target: Ministry of Health to Integrate climate change related surveillance and tracking into the Public Health Act and relevant legislation updated. operationalization of Botswana’s 2011 National Health Policy and disseminate information

2030 KP indicators: about the process to all relevant parties. Identify areas where priority disease/vector Public Health Act and relevant legislation updated, and provisions included. localities require more localised focus. 2023 KP indicators: Council operational with record of 12 quarterly meetings (over three years) and National Health Policy updated. 2026 Target: Web based observatory operational and updated constantly. Integration of climate change related surveillance ongoing. 2026 KP indicators: Council operational with record of 24 quarterly meetings (over six years) and Web based observatory operational. 2030 Target: Web based observatory operational and updated constantly. Integration of climate change related surveillance ongoing.

2030 KP indicators: Council operational with record of 36 quarterly meetings (over 10 years) and Web based observatory operational. 15 Strategic Intervention S3.3: Strategic Intervention S3.4: Develop a national climate change and public health flagship programme to provide Undertake a national ‘Climate Change and Health’ awareness-raising and educational training to healthcare professionals on the identification and tracking of climate- campaign targeting public understanding of the health impacts of climate change related health impacts, including climate-related nutritional, respiratory, and and geared towards promoting resilience-building measures (e.g. heat health communicable disease impacts. responses). Responsible Entity: Ministry of Health and Wellness Responsible Entity: Ministry of Health and Wellness Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: The newly established National Health Research Council (as per Strategy S3.2) Ministry of Youth Empowerment, Sport and Culture Development

2020 Target: The National Strategy Office Identification of key partners and experts to design and develop programme. Design of 2020 Target: programme. Creation of campaign material and roll out of campaign nationally.

2020 KP indicators: Programme design finalised. Training schedule completed, and initial trainings 2020 KP indicators: Campaign material created and sent out to relevant ministries to circulate. undertaken.

2023 Target: 2023 Target: Programme being rolled out nationally. Roll out of campaign nationally.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: Programme rolled out with 30% nationwide uptake in health sector. Campaign visible nationally.

2026 Target: 2026 Target: Programme roll out ongoing – with a key focus on rural and inaccessible areas and small Campaign updated and ongoing. remote clinics. 2026 KP indicators:

2026 KP indicators: Campaign visible nationally. Programme rolled out with 60% nationwide uptake in health sector. 2030 Target:

2030 Target: Programme being rolled out nationally Campaign updated and ongoing.

2030 KP indicators: 2030 KP indicators: Programme rolled out with 90% + nationwide uptake in health sector. Campaign visible nationally. 16 Strategic Intervention S3.5: Implement a voluntary community-based monitoring and response system to identify community members most vulnerable to health impacts from climate change (the elderly, young children, immunocompromised individuals, persons with mental health challenges and physical challenges), and to provide community support to these vulnerable members in times of need. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Health and Wellness Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: Begin a process of community level engagement, identify individuals/organisations in the community to establish forums to design and manage monitoring and response system. Delineate clear paths of action, responsibility and response within the system. 2020 KP indicators: System design underway. List of individuals and organisations completed. Plan of action created. 2023 Target: System formalised and ratified. National roll out of the system. Awareness campaign material distributed, and systems set up in. 2023 KP indicators: System design complete. System launched and rolled out to 30% of population. 2026 Target: Awareness campaign material distributed, and systems set up in communities. Systems operational and working in conjunction with national healthcare system. 2026 KP indicators: System operational and accessible to 60% of population. 2030 Target: Systems operational and working in conjunction with national healthcare system. 2030 KP indicators: System operational and accessible to 90% + of population. 17

4 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Strategic Intervention S4.1: Strategic Intervention S4.2: Introduce updated climate smart agriculture (including conservation and urban Create a support programme to fund or subsidize the adoption of rainwater agriculture) courses at the five rural training centres of the Division of Farmer harvesting in urban and rural settlements, and to provide rebates or other financial Training (under the Department of Extension Services Coordination). incentives for installation of rainwater harvesting in urban and rural households, and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security commercial, mining and industrial entities. Key Collaborating Entities: Responsible Entity Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Ministry of Employment, Labour Productivity and Skills Development Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development The National Strategy Office Botswana Housing Corporation (BHC)

2020 Target: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry The Department of Extension Services Coordination to both create new, and update Botswana Development Corporation existing, climate smart agriculture (including conservation agriculture and urban Botswana Housing Corporation (BHC) agriculture) courses. The department to start offering these training courses at the five Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) rural training centres of the Division of Farmer Training. 2020 Target:

2020 KP Indicators: Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development to identify most suitable rainwater Courses created, and course material created. Course started in at least once centre. harvesting mechanisms. Batswana suppliers of harvesting technologies supported to

2023 Target: enable mass production of technologies. Most viable model of rebates/incentives Update and expand training material. Creation of new rural training centres or expansion identified, and financial model created. Publication//Awareness material to be developed of existing centres. and disseminated nationally.

2023 KP Indicators: 2020 KP Indicators: Courses available in all 5 centres. Suitable mechanisms identified. Support model created to assist businesses to enable mass production of technologies/resources. Awareness material produced

2026 Target: and disseminated. Update and expand training material. Creation of new rural training centres or expansion of existing centres. 2023 Target National awareness of the programme created. Programme rolled out and maintained. 2026 KP Indicators: Courses available in all training centres. 2023 KP Indicators: Programme rolled out and available to 30% of population.

2030 Target: Update and expand training material. Creation of new rural training centres or expansion 2026 Target: of existing centres. Programme available to larger population. New technologies explored

2030 KP Indicators: 2026 KP Indicators: Courses available in all training centres. Programme rolled out and available to 60% of population.

2030 Target: Programme available nationally. New technologies explored. (Could possibly make it mandatory for any existing or new business to engage in rain water capture as part of business registration/building applications)

2030 KP Indicators: Programme rolled out and available to 90%+ of population. 18 Strategic Intervention S4.3: Strategic Intervention S4.4: Investigate feasibility and design of a model to develop an endowment fund (possibly Create trained capacity within the Ministry of Lands and Housing to guide and with contributions from private sector profit-making industries), to provide low-cost manage the harmonization and alignment of policies, strategies, plans, and finance to climate change adaptation projects in rural settlements, drawing on guidelines related to human settlements in Botswana, with the goal of explicitly lessons from established endowment funds. harnessing the benefits of projects being implemented across different sectors/role Responsible Entity: Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development players strengthening and aligning their climate resilience focus. Key Collaborating Entities: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Key Collaborating Entities: Botswana Development Corporation Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Botswana Housing Corporation (BHC) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office 2020 Target:

2020 Target: Identify relevant and expert training body or individuals to create a specific and relevant Start a multi-stakeholder engagement in order to design and house fund in appropriate programme which first identifies gaps in (climate resilience specific) knowledge or capacity Ministry or department. Develop a model for the endowment fund and create financial within Ministry of Lands and Housing and then tailors a fitting programme to enable the model for implementation as well as fund management and disbursement criteria and plan. harmonization of policies, strategies, plans, and guidelines related to human settlements in (OR: If is not found to be feasible, re-design mechanism or focus elsewhere). Botswana. Undertake training programme and adjust policies, strategies, plans, and

2020 KP indicators: guidelines accordingly. Feasibility study designed and underway. Model development underway. 2020 KP indicators:

2023 Target: Training body identified. Training programme and delivery plan created by training Fund is operational and disbursing funds. Reports generated yearly with both qualitative body. Training programme commenced. and quantitative aspects of the funds’ beneficiaries’ performance is highlighted. Further 2023 Target: investment sought for fund in order to enable more or larger allocation of funds to Yearly review of new policies plans and guidelines: Undertake harmonisation activity (if beneficiaries. M&E ongoing as per NMES. need be) with a specific focus on climate resilience.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: Fund is operational and disbursing funds. Three annual reports published. Three yearly review reports published. Harmonisation plan created and

2026 Target: implemented. Fund is operational and disbursing funds. Reports generated yearly with both qualitative 2026 Target: and quantitative aspects of the funds’ beneficiaries performance is highlighted. Further Yearly review of new policies plans and guidelines: Undertake harmonisation activity (if investment sought for fund in order to enable more or larger allocation of funds to need be) with a specific focus on climate resilience. beneficiaries. M&E ongoing as per NMES. 2026 KP indicators:

2026 KP indicators: Six yearly review reports published. Harmonisation plan implemented. Fund is operational and disbursing funds. Six annual reports published. 2030 Target:

2030 Target: Yearly review of new policies plans and guidelines: Undertake harmonisation activity (if Fund is operational and disbursing funds. Monitoring and evaluation ongoing. Reports need be) with a specific focus on climate resilience. generated yearly with both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the funds’ beneficiaries’ 2030 KP indicators: performance is highlighted. Further investment sought for fund in order to enable more or Nine yearly review reports published. Harmonisation plan implemented. larger allocation of funds to beneficiaries. M&E ongoing as per NMES. 2030 KP indicators: Fund is operational and disbursing funds. Nine annual reports published. 19

5 FOREST, SAVANNA AND WOODLAND Strategic Intervention S5.2: Identify, in consultation with communities and stakeholders, as well as research MANAGEMENT and academic institutions, new climate change research areas and determine needs and gaps most suited to Botswana through promoting exchange, Strategic Intervention S5.1: cooperation and networking by government, private sector, nationally, regionally, Commission a multi-year research project in Botswana that reviews and identifies and internationally. climate change related best practice in the forestry sector from other countries and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and regions, and evaluates – including through pilot measures – the interventions most Tourism (MENT). suited to Botswana’s savannas, woodlands and forests. Key Collaborating Entities: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Tourism (MENT). Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resource Key Collaborating Entities: Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Community Based Natural Resource Management Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Farmers Farmers 2020 Target

2020 Target Best grouping of institutions to conduct research identified. Research plan identified. Best grouping of institutions to conduct research identified. Research plan identified. Needs assessment undertaken. Research commenced. Research commenced. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: List of individuals/institutions to conduct research finalised. Research plan List of institutions to conduct research finalised. Research plan created. created.

2023 Target: 2023 Target: Research project designed and actively underway. Research project designed and actively underway. At least one research project focusing

2023 KP indicators: on applied research at landscape level. Research underway and early research findings published. 2023 KP indicators:

2026 Target: Research underway, new focus areas identified, and early research findings Research project designed and actively underway. published.

2026 KP indicators: 2026 Target: Research underway and interim research findings published. Research project designed and actively underway.

2030 Target: 2026 KP indicators: Research results published and disseminated. Research data and learnings used to Research underway, new focus areas identified, and interim research findings inform Forestry policy. published.

2030 KP indicators: 2030 Target: Final research report created and published. Research results published and disseminated. Research data and learning used to inform Forestry policy and inform sustainable natural resources utilization.

2030 KP indicators: Final research report created and published. Evidence/applied based research at the landscape and community level. 20 Strategic Intervention S5.3: Strategic Intervention S5.4: Identify and include stronger climate change science and considerations into the Convene and set up a national forestation and forest degradation task force (with next revision or update of the National Forest Policy, the National Forestry Action members from government, academia, civil society, rural communities etc.) to Plan, the Botswana Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, and the provide guidance to the Department of Forests and Range Resources on elephant Forest Conservation Strategy. Include a specific focus on reducing forest and damage, wildland fires, pest and disease break out, and habitat destruction, aligned savanna fires, pests and disease break outs. with Botswana’s wildland fire strategy. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT). Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: N/A. N/A.

2020 Target 2020 Target: Identify best practice in forest management from a climate resilience perspective. Identify institutes and experts to make up the task-force with members from government, Incorporate best practice into the next revision or update of the National Forest Policy, the civil society, forest adjacent communities, etc. ensuring there is expertise in a wide range National Forestry Action Plan, the Botswana Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, and of areas such as conservation, forestry, animal experts, animal – human interactions, the Forest Conservation Strategy. Incorporate climate change in BSc Forestry and BSc natural resource management, etc. Create task force, task-force agenda and outputs. Range Management at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: List of institutes and experts finalised. Task force mandate approved. Task force Best practice identified and noted. focus defined. Creation of task force underway.

2023 Target: 2023 Target: All identified and relevant sector plans and strategies updated with stronger climate Task force operational in an advisory capacity to the Department of Forests and Range change considerations and provisions. Resources.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: Forestry sector plans and strategies updated with climate change content. Task force operational with at least 12 quarterly meetings (over 3 years) and

2026 Target: actively providing guidance on key issues. All identified and relevant sector plans and strategies updated with stronger climate 2026 Target: change considerations and provisions. Task force operational in an advisory capacity to the Department of Forests and Range

2026 KP indicators: Resources. Forestry sector plans and strategies updated with climate change content. 2026 KP indicators:

2030 Target: Task force operational with at least 24 quarterly meetings (over 6 years) and All identified and relevant sector plans and strategies updated with stronger climate actively providing guidance on key issues. change considerations and provisions. 2030 Target:

2030 KP indicators: Task force in operation in an advisory capacity to any relevant government Department. Forestry sector plans and strategies updated with climate change content. 2030 KP indicators: Task force operational with at least 36 quarterly meetings(over 10 years) and working actively alongside the Department of Forests and Range Resources. 21 Strategic Intervention S5.5: Strategic Intervention S5.6: Strengthen and further build capacity of the already existing Community Based Establish a comprehensive monitoring system for forest, savanna and wetland Natural Resources Management Programme (CBNRM) with a mandate and resources and ecosystem conditions through full operationalization and up scaling resources to guide and implement sustainable ecosystem management through of the REDD+ Integrated Monitoring System developed under Botswana’s REDD+ the use of both traditional practices and forestry sector best practice, such as pilot project, and by carrying out National Forest Inventory data collection and establishing community woodlots. Enhance the CBNRM trusts’ capacity to entry in order to determine carbon stock, forest cover and land degradation. monitor, report, and respond to illegal activity in forests. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Responsible Entity: Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: SADC REDD+ Ministry of Youth Empowerment, Sport and Culture Development 2020 Target: The National Strategy Office Identify locations and scale up the REDD+ Integrated Monitoring System from the initial 4 CBNRM Committees pilot areas.

2020 Target 2020 KP indicators: Create a specific mandate for a forest management programme within the CBNRM Locations for scale-up identified, and data collection plan created. programme. Create clear pathways of interaction and decision making between the CBNRM and existing forestry management mechanisms. 2023 Target:

2020 KP indicators: Further scaling up of the System. Plan for creation of a specific forest management programme published by 2023 KP indicators: CBNRM. Programme outline available and programmes commenced under Carbon stock, forest cover and land degradation data collected and fed into REDD+ CBNRM umbrella. project. Monitoring system scaled up to 30% of all viable areas.

2023 Target: 2026 Target: CBNRM Forest management program functional and actively involved in all forest Further scaling up of the System. management decisions. 2026 KP indicators:

2023 KP indicators: Monitoring system scaled up to 60% of all viable areas. Programmes underway. Woodlots established in relevant areas. Guidelines of best practise published. 2030 Target: National uptake of the System. 2026 Target:

2030 KP indicators: CBNRM Forest management program functional and actively involved in all forest management decisions. Monitoring system scaled up to 90% + of all viable areas. 2026 KP indicators: Programmes underway. Woodlots established in relevant areas. 2030 Target: CBNRM Forest management program functional and actively involved in all forest management decisions.

2030 KP indicators: Programmes underway. Woodlots established in relevant areas. 22 Strategic Intervention S5.7: MENT to add to the next revision or update of the National Forest Policy, and the National Forestry Action Plan: fire management activities such as prescribed burning, fire detection system, firebreak maintenance, deployment of seasonal fire teams, capacity building on fire management (principles and techniques), procurement of fire equipment, and establishment of community fire management teams. Budget to be allocated to necessary training and roll out. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: Incorporate fire management activities into the next revision or update of the National Forest Policy, and the National Forestry Action Plan. Allocate budget needed and commence necessary training. 2020 KP indicators: Key actors needed to make additions notified. Wording of amendments agreed upon. Amendment date identified. 2023 Target: Continued focus on fire management systems and on-going training for necessary systems to be operational. 2023 KP indicators: Additions made to policy and plan. Budget allocated and disbursed for new activities. Training delivered on at least three new activities. 2026 Target: Continued focus on fire management systems and on-going training for necessary systems to be operational. 2026 KP indicators: Further additions made to policy and plan. Budget allocated and disbursed for new activities. Training delivered on at least six new activities. 2030 Target: Continued focus on fire management systems and ongoing training for necessary systems to be operational. 2030 KP indicators: Further additions made to policy and plan. Budget allocated and disbursed for new activities. Training delivered on all new identified activities. 23

6 THE LAND USE SECTOR Strategic Intervention S6.1: Strategic Intervention S6.2: Introduce ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) as a core criterion and consideration Amend guidelines for preparation of regional master plans, district settlement into Botswana’s land use planning legislation and land use master planning strategy plans, district integrated land-use plans, and district development plans to guidelines. include explicit directions for the integration of climate change considerations (such Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and as climate change scenarios and modelling). Tourism (MENT) Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Key Collaborating Entities: Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office 2020 Target:

2020 Target: Amend guidelines for appropriate climate change considerations (such as climate change Identify institution or individuals who can train relevant departments in EBA. Undertake scenarios and modelling). Locate all relevant guidelines and update to include relevant training with relevant departments. Each department to define appropriate criteria and considerations. include criteria into land use planning legislation and land use master planning guidelines. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: Guidelines for amendment identified. Training institution/individuals identified. Training programme created and roll out 2023 Target: plan created. EBA methods identified to introduce into planning guidelines. Guidelines updated and approved.

2023 Target: 2023 KP indicators: Each department to define appropriate criteria and include criteria into land use planning Guidelines updated to include explicit directions for the integration of climate legislation and land use master planning guidelines. change considerations.

2023 KP indicators: 2026 Target: Training completed with all relevant parties. EBA methods included in all planning Guidelines further updated as needed, approved, and used in practice. legislation and guidelines. 2026 KP indicators:

2026 Target: Guidelines updated to include explicit directions for the integration of climate EBA criterion included in planning legislation and land use master planning guidelines. change considerations.

2026 KP indicators: 2030 Target: EBA an integral part of master planning and guidelines. Guidelines further updated as needed, approved, and used in practice.

2030 Target: 2030 KP indicators: EBA criterion included in planning legislation and land use master planning guidelines. Guidelines updated to include explicit directions for the integration of climate

2030 KP indicators: change considerations. EBA an integral part of master planning and guidelines. 24 Strategic Intervention S6.3: Strategic Intervention S6.4: The Ministry of Finance and Development Planning should develop a guidance Strengthen and further build capacity of the already existing Community Based document, a toolkit, and training modules for government officials on ‘Climate- Natural Resources Management trusts with a mandate and resources to guide and compatible Decision-making for Development,’ including guidance on making implement ecosystem management on communal lands, and to include the use of administrative decisions despite climate change uncertainty. both traditional practices and sector best practice. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development All Ministries. The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: Land Boards Ministry of Finance and Development Planning to identify and commission climate Department of Lands change-based decision-making expert (institution or individual) to create a guidance District Councils document, a toolkit, and training modules for government officials on ‘Climate-compatible CBNRM trusts Decision-making for Development,’ including guidance on making administrative 2020 Target: decisions despite climate change uncertainty. Create a specific mandate for ecosystem management for CBNRM trusts. Create clear

2020 KP indicators: pathways of interaction and decision making between CBNRM bodies and existing Experts chosen. ToR issued, contract awarded, work commenced. authorities.

2023 Target: 2020 KP indicators: Programme underway. CBNRM committees’ mandates and resources increased. Monitoring and reporting

2023 KP indicators: system defined. Outputs created. Training modules developed and undertaken. All relevant 2023 Target: government officials trained, and literature disseminated. CBNRM land management program functional and CBOs actively involved in all

2026 Target: communal lands management decisions. Ongoing training. 2023 KP indicators:

2026 KP indicators: CBNRM committees’ active in 30% of all wetland/grassland areas. Each committee All relevant officials to have received training. to have had at least 12 quarterly meetings since 2020.

2030 Target: 2026 Target: Ongoing training. CBNRM land management program functional and CBOs actively involved in all communal lands management decisions.

2030 KP indicators: All relevant officials to have received training. 2026 KP indicators: CBNRM committees’ active in 60% of all wetland/grassland areas. Each committee to have had at least 24 quarterly meetings since 2020. 2030 Target: CBNRM land management program functional and CBOs actively involved in all communal lands management decisions.

2030 KP indicators: CBNRM committees’ active in 90% or of all wetland/grassland areas. Each committee to have had at least 36 quarterly meetings since 2020. 25 Strategic Intervention S6.5: Recapacitate the national land rehabilitation programme with an explicit focus on rehabilitating land in a climate resilient manner that promotes biodiversity and conservation concerns. A key aspect of the program should be on restoration through reduction of bush encroachment on land which needs to be rehabilitated. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: Identify key areas of the existing national land rehabilitation programme which can be mandated with the rehabilitation of land in a climate resilient manner with a key focus on restoration through reduction in bush encroachment on land which needs to be rehabilitated. 2020 KP indicators: Program ratified and commenced. 2023 Target: Programme commenced and ongoing. 2023 KP indicators: Programme ratified and operational. Key areas of land identified, and rehabilitation commenced. Over 30% of target areas rehabilitated. 2026 Target: Programme ongoing. 2026 KP indicators: Programme ratified and operational. Key areas of land identified, and rehabilitation commenced. Over 60% of target areas rehabilitated. 2030 Target: Programme ongoing. 2030 KP indicators: Programme ratified and operational. Key areas of land identified, and rehabilitation commenced. Over 90% + of target areas rehabilitated. 26

7 DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT Strategic Intervention S7.1: Strategic Intervention S7.2: Update and operationalise a 2019 – 2023 National Disaster Management Strategy (to Develop a national disaster information management portal or platform that allows succeed the current 2013 – 2018 national strategy), with a strong emphasis on the for consolidation of currently fragmented information, contains a user-friendly entire disaster management continuum, as well as climate change specific hazards, database, dashboards that indicate actions taken by different departments, and vulnerabilities, management/capacity building. Capture the integration of climate tracks responses. Ensure this national portal is well-linked to and integrates data change adaptation and disaster management in a disaster management legislative from regional and international centres such as the SADC Climate Services Centre. framework to give this the power of the law and enforceability. Responsible Entity: Office of the President (OP) Responsible Entity: Office of the President (OP) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) All Ministries. The National Strategy Office Local, Regional and International information sources.

2020 Target: SADC Climate Services Centre The National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) to update and operationalise a 2019 – 2020 Target:

2023 National Disaster Management Strategy with a strong emphasis on the entire The National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) to collect all existing information and disaster management continuum, as well as climate change specific hazards, format it into a database friendly format. Commence creation of the national disaster vulnerabilities, management/capacity building. information management portal. Commence creation of systems to integrate local,

2020 KP indicators: regional and international centres. Portal marketing/awareness drive to all Ministries and Strategy updated with emphasis added. relevant organisations.

2023 Target: 2020 KP indicators: Updated strategies translated into a legislative framework (enforceable acts of Platform design created and platform production underway. parliament). 2023 Target:

2023 KP indicators: Portal updates and maintenance. Strategy updated, published and operationalised. 2023 KP indicators:

2026 Target: Platform operational. Strategy updated, and legislative framework updated if required. 2026 Target:

2026 KP indicators: Portal updates and maintenance. Strategy updated, published and operationalised. 2026 KP indicators:

2030 Target: Platform operational. Strategy updated, and legislative framework updated if required. 2030 Target:

2030 KP indicators: Portal updates maintenance. Strategy updated, published and operationalised. 2030 KP indicators: Platform operational. 27 Strategic Intervention S7.3: 2030 KP indicators: Incentivize the private sector’s involvement in disaster risk identification, All forum members as well as a large number of private sector companies outside assessment, insurance, prevention, mitigation, adaptation, early warning systems, of forum to have taken up opportunities and resources. response and recovery, through financial opportunities (such as, but not limited to, allocating resources to purchase innovative and effective climate services and disaster-related ICT products). Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Office of the President Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Botswana Development Corporation (BDC) The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: Identify key large – scale (industry dominant) private sector companies to engage with in disaster risk identification, prevention, mitigation, reduction, early warning systems, response and recovery to design useful climate services for the sector. Create a forum with elected members of the private sector (with a deliberately diverse membership to ensure sector and size representation) to enable discussion and engagement on climate risk related issues between the sector and the state. Commence creation of financial opportunities and criteria for use as well as reporting and monitoring mechanisms. 2020 KP indicators: List of private sector companies finalised. Forum operationalised and forum plans created and available. Products and financial opportunities generation plan made available.

2023 Target: Through the forum identify and create useful and relevant private sector climate service tools. Promotion of tools across all sectors. Uptake of tools by major industry leaders and sectors most vulnerable to climate related risk. Offering of finance to enable uptake. 2023 KP indicators: Products and financial opportunities designed and made available. Uptake of opportunities and resources by 50% of forum members. 2026 Target: Uptake of tools by major industry leaders and sectors most vulnerable to climate related risk. Uptake by smaller private sector companies. Offering of finance to enable uptake. 2026 KP indicators: All forum members to have taken up opportunities and resources. 2030 Target: National uptake across all sectors. 28

8 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS Strategic Intervention S8.1: Strategic Intervention S8.2: Establish a public-private-civil society alien invasive species task force to develop Fully implement and accomplish the targets of the National Biodiversity Strategy and and implement an action plan against Botswana’s most damaging invasive species Action Plan (NBSAP) 2016 - 2025, the Community Based Natural Resources (such as mesquite, Kariba weed or Salvinia, and water lettuce). Management Policy, and other relevant ecosystem and species-specific strategies Responsible Entity: National Biodiversity Authority and plans. Key Collaborating Entities: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry N/A. Civil Society Organisations 2020 Target: Private Sector Companies and Bodies Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) to fully The National Strategy Office implement the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2016 - 2025.

2020 Target: Ministry to finalise and formalise existing draft ecosystem and species-specific strategies Identify key public institutions to engage with and bring into a public-private-civil society and plans, and the Community Based Natural Resources Management Policy. task force. Commence the creation of task force and creation of mandate. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan to be implemented. Community List of institutions finalised. Action plan developed, and pilot implementation Based Natural Resources Management policy finalised and approved. projects started. 2023 Target:

2023 Target: NBSAP, CBNRM Policy, and related ecosystem and species management strategies and Utilising learnings from pilot projects, plans are rolled out nationally and task force plans in full implementation. equipped to enable roll out. Monitoring systems implemented. 2023 KP indicators:

2023 KP indicators: NBSAP and CBNRM policy in extensive implementation. Action Plan formalised and added to relevant policies/plans. Plan operational over 2026 Target: 30% of country. NBSAP, CBNRM Policy, and related ecosystem and species management strategies and

2026 Target: : plans in full implementation. National ongoing management and monitoring of invasive species via the task force. 2026 KP indicators: Plan operational over 60% of country. New or updated NBSAP and CBNM policy available.

2030 Target: 2030 Target: National ongoing management and monitoring of invasive species via the task force. NBSAP, CBNRM Policy, and related ecosystem and species management strategies and

2030 KP indicators: plans in full implementation. Plan operational over 90% + of country. 2023 KP indicators: NBSAP and CBNRM policy in extensive implementation. 29 Strategic Intervention S8.3: Strategic Intervention S8.4: Amend (or issue a notification on) the 2016 NBSAP’s (NBSAP 3) target 11 (for goal 3) Amend the Botswana Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act (No. 10 of 2011) and target 15 (for goal 4) to explicitly include ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA). to include more stringent requirements related to ecosystem climate resilience in the Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be submitted as part of the EIA or Tourism (MENT) Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) process to DEA. Key Collaborating Entities: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and N/A. Tourism (MENT)

2020 Target: Key Collaborating Entities: Amend (or issue a notification on) the 2016 NBSAP’s (NBSAP 3) target 11 (for goal 3) N/A. and target 15 (for goal 4) to explicitly include ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA). 2020 Target:

2020 KP indicators: Identify requirements related to ecosystem climate resilience. Amend Act accordingly. (NBSAP 3) target 11 (for goal 3) and target 15 (for goal 4) amended to explicitly 2020 KP indicators: include ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA). Botswana Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act (No. of 2011) amended.

2023 Target: 2023 Target: Amendments made and under full implementation. All EIAs and SEAs to reflect strengthened ecosystem resilience requirements.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: Amendments in effect. Stronger EIAs and SEAs developed.

2026 Target: 2026 Target: Amended provisions to be reflected in next NBSAP for the post-2026 period. All EIAs and SEAs to reflect strengthened ecosystem resilience requirements.

2026 KP indicators: 2026 KP indicators: Amendments in effect in new NBSAP. Stronger EIAs and SEAs developed.

2030 Target: 2030 Target: EBA inclusions in NBSAP to be under full implementation. All EIAs and SEAs to reflect strengthened ecosystem resilience requirements.

2030 KP indicators: 2030 KP indicators: EBA provisions of new NBSAP fully in effect. Stronger EIAs and SEAs developed. 30 Strategic Intervention S8.5: Strategic Intervention S8.6: Mandate and capacitate local authorities (district councils and town councils) to Accelerate the adoption of natural capital accounting methods developed under require specific climate resilience planning and measures when evaluating and Botswana’s waves partnership (water accounts, energy accounts, mineral accounts, approving building or construction permits within proximity of climate-sensitive tourism related land and ecosystem accounts, and macroeconomic indicators such ecosystems. as adjusted national income, adjusted national savings, and adjusted national wealth Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and accounts) into government-wide annual budgeting processes and into the NDP 12. Tourism (MENT) Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Key Collaborating Entities: Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development All Ministries. Botswana Housing Corporation (BHC) 2020 Target: The National Strategy Office Begin conducting training for relevant accounting departments in WAVES natural capital

2020 Target: accounting methods. Mandate the use of the WAVES data into annual budgeting and Identify appropriate climate resilience measures for specific eco-system scenarios. include WAVES data in NDP 12. Mandate local authorities to require measures. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: Training schedule drawn up of future training. Training materials developed. Measures identified, mandating process initiated. 2023 Target: All relevant parties trained and proficient in waves accounting methods.

2023 Target: Waves data included in annual budgets. Authorities mandated. 2023 KP indicators:

2023 KP indicators: Training delivered to all relevant parties. Waves accounting integrated into Authorities mandated, and specific climate resilience planning and measures government-wide annual budgeting processes and into the NDP 12. included in construction permitting process. 2026 Target: All relevant parties trained and proficient in waves accounting methods.

2026 Target: Waves data included in annual budgets. Authorities mandated. 2026 KP indicators:

2026 KP indicators: Waves accounting integrated into government-wide annual budgeting processes Authorities mandated, and specific climate resilience planning and measures and reflected in the NDP 12. included in construction permitting process. 2030 Target: All relevant parties trained and proficient in waves accounting methods.

2030 Target: Waves data included in annual budgets. Authorities mandated. 2030 KP indicators:

2030 KP indicators: Waves accounting integrated into government-wide annual budgeting processes Authorities mandated, and specific climate resilience planning and measures and reflected in the NDP 12. included in construction permitting process. 31

9 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Strategic Intervention S9.1: Strategic Intervention S9.2: Develop, under the auspices of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing and Develop training modules and workshops for entities like the Botswana Institution Development, a planning and implementation guidance document for integration of of Engineers, the Association of Botswana Building and Civil Engineering climate resilience into large infrastructure design and development in Botswana, Contractors, and the Association of Consulting Engineers Botswana to study the localizing best practice from across Africa and major development partners. integration of climate resilience into power and water infrastructure. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing and Development Responsible Entity: Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing and Development Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Botswana Development Corporation Botswana Development Corporation Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Botswana Housing Corporation (BHC) Botswana Housing Corporation (BHC) Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security The National Strategy Office Botswana Institution of Engineers,

2020 Target: The Association of Botswana Building and Civil Engineering Contractors Commence engagement with key experts in the development of a guidance document for Association of Consulting Engineers Botswana integration of climate resilience into large infrastructure design and development in The National Strategy Office Botswana. Development and publication of guidance material. Dissemination and 2020 Target: promotion of guidance document to relevant departments and the private sector. Identify and employ expert institutions or individuals to develop training modules and

2020 KP indicators: workshops. Training and workshops developed, promoted and offered to relevant parties. Experts identified. Guidance material created and published. 2020 KP indicators:

2023 Target: Experts identified. Training material created and published. Review and update guidance document with relevant new data and technologies. 2023 Target:

2023 KP indicators: Training and workshops updated and offered. Guidance document disseminated nationally. Updated 2023 version of document 2023 KP indicators: available. Training delivered to 10 individuals annually from each organisation (90 in total)

2026 Target: 2026 Target: Review and update guidance document with relevant new data and technologies. Training and workshops updated and offered.

2026 KP indicators: 2026 KP indicators: Guidance document disseminated nationally. Updated 2026 version of document Training delivered to 10 individuals annually from each organisation (120 in total) available. 2030 Target:

2030 Target: Training and workshops updated and offered. Review and update guidance document with relevant new data and technologies. 2030 KP indicators:

2030 KP indicators: Training delivered to 10 individuals annually from each organisation (150 in total) Guidance document disseminated nationally. Updated 2030 version of document available. 32 Strategic Intervention S9.3: Strategic Intervention S9.4: Support climate-related research on infrastructure development through the Conduct a study of public-private partnerships focused on adaptation in the issuance of publicly-funded research grants, with a focus on preventing or reducing infrastructure sector in Africa and identify project models that could be replicated in climate-related depreciation and stranded assets. Botswana. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing and Development Responsible Entity: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Financial Services Industry Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology Botswana Development Corporation Ministry of Employment, Labour Productivity and Skills Development Business Botswana and the Botswana Chamber Higher education and vocational institutions Commerce and Industry Botswana Institution of Engineers, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development The Association of Botswana Building and Civil Engineering Contractors Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Association of Consulting Engineers Botswana Botswana Stock Exchange Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office 2020 Target:

2020 Target: Identify key institute or individuals to conduct study. Design study. Commence the process of identifying key research institutes to partner with and fund. 2020 KP indicators: Design grant structure, size, type and delivery mechanism. Through a process of multi - Relevant institute or individual sourced and study designed. stakeholder engagements, identify clear output goals and targets and a key research 2023 Target: agenda. Identify reporting mechanisms for reporting on grant use. Study to have been conducted. Project models identified and utilised for new

2020 KP indicators: infrastructure projects. Research institutes identified. Grant design underway. Reporting mechanisms 2023 KP indicators: outlined. Study complete. Results disseminated to relevant parties. At least 3 project models

2023 Target: Deliver first grants through partner institutions. Grant system operational. identified. Database created of all climate related research outputs. Research agenda updated if 2026 Target: need be. Project models identified and utilised for new infrastructure projects.

2023 KP indicators: 2026 KP indicators: At least 4 grants released. At least 2 projects completed with reports published and Project models have been utilised in at least 3 new projects. disseminated. Database Operational. 2030 Target:

2026 Target: Grant system operational. Database regularly updated and maintained. Project models identified and utilised for new infrastructure projects. Research agenda updated if need be. 2030 KP indicators:

2026 KP indicators: Project models have been utilised in at least 6 new projects. At least 8 grants released. At least 4 projects completed with reports published and disseminated. Database Operational.

2030 Target: Grant system operational. Database regularly updated and maintained. Research agenda updated if need be.

2030 KP indicators: At least 12 grants released. At least 6 projects completed with reports published and disseminated. Database Operational. 33 Strategic Intervention S9.5: Solicit guidance and direction from the African Union – European Union Reference Group on Infrastructure regarding the mainstreaming of climate change in infrastructure cooperation. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Key Collaborating Entities: Financial Services Industry Botswana Development Corporation Business Botswana and the Botswana Chamber Commerce and Industry Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Botswana Stock Exchange The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: Identify department or grouping best suited to solicit guidance. Discuss the mainstreaming of climate change in infrastructure cooperation with the reference group/reference group representative. Commence the process of publishing and dissemination of results to state departments and the private sector. 2020 KP indicators: Department/Grouping identified. Reference group contacted, and discussion had. 2023 Target: Results published and incorporated into infrastructure cooperation processes. 2023 KP indicators: Results published and incorporated into infrastructure cooperation processes. 2026 Target: Results published and incorporated into infrastructure cooperation processes. 2026 KP indicators: Results published and incorporated into infrastructure cooperation processes. 2030 Target: Results published and incorporated into infrastructure cooperation processes. 2030 KP indicators: Results published and incorporated into infrastructure cooperation processes. 34

10 INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR Strategic Intervention S10.1: Strategic Intervention S10.2: Establish a joint public-private task force (with partners like Business Botswana and In the financial services industry, develop de-risking products to help provide the Botswana Chamber of Commerce and Industry) to monitor, advise on, and finance to climate resilience measures, and develop insurance products for climate- recommend ways in which industry and manufacturing in Botswana could contribute sensitive businesses to help protect against damage and loss from climate-related to broader climate change resilience through more climate-compatible operations. events. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Responsible Entity: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Financial Services Industry Financial Services Industry Botswana Development Corporation Botswana Development Corporation Business Botswana and the Botswana Chamber Business Botswana and the Botswana Chamber Commerce and Industry Commerce and Industry Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Botswana Stock Exchange Botswana Stock Exchange The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: 2020 Target: Identify key institutions and individuals to serve on task force. Create mandate for task Engage with key players in the financial industry to develop de-risking and insurance force and formalise advisory pathways. Create and ratify task force. Create yearly agenda products. Create a forum within the financial services industry to engage with climate for task force. related risks.

2020 KP indicators: 2020 KP indicators: Task force participants identified. Task Force initiated, and agenda created. Forum participants identified. Forum initiated, and agenda created. Monitoring system defined. 2023 Target:

2023 Target: Forum ongoing and products developed and in use. Task force in operation and actively included in in industry development processes. 2023 KP indicators:

2023 KP indicators: Forum operational and at least 3 products developed. At least 3 sets of recommendations published by task force for adoption by 2026 Target: industry, and monitoring system operational. Forum ongoing and products developed and in use. Revision exercise undertaken to track

2026 Target: adoption of products and redesign of product if necessary. Task force in operation and actively included in industry development processes. 2026 KP indicators:

2026 KP indicators: Forum operational and at least 3 additional new/updated products developed. At least 6 sets of recommendations published by task force for adoption by 2030 Target: industry, and monitoring system operational. Forum ongoing and products developed and in use.

2030 Target: 2030 KP indicators: Task force in operation and actively included in industry development processes. Forum operational and at least 6 widely used products developed. 2030 KP indicators: At least 9 sets of recommendations published by task force for adoption by industry, and monitoring system operational. 35

11 THE TOURISM SECTOR Strategic Intervention S11.1: Strategic Intervention S11.2: MENT to initiate a study on the potential impacts of climate change on the tourism Expand existing cultural tourism pilot projects focused on Botswana’s traditional industry in order to implement effective and high-potential resilience solutions. Masimo and Moraka farming and increase marketing campaigns to popularise them Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and and attract tourists, thus diversifying income streams. Tourism (MENT) Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Key Collaborating Entities: Tourism (MENT) Botswana Development Corporation (BDC) Key Collaborating Entities: Private Sector companies Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Business Botswana and the Botswana Chamber Botswana Development Corporation (BDC) The National Strategy Office Farmers Associations

2020 Target: The National Strategy Office MENT to initiate and complete an initial study of tourism and climate change. 2020 Target:

2020 KP indicators: Initiate a base line study of existing farmstead cultural tourism models. Creation and roll Study partner identified, and study designed and commenced. out of capacity building and marketing campaigns nationally. Farmstead cultural tourism

2023 Target: guidelines and handbook development, training programme roll out. Design of impact MENT to continue to monitor the effects of climate change on the tourism sector and assessment tools to be conducted every three years. Concept note development to integrate climate change concerns into all tourism sector planning strategies. support investment.

2023 KP indicators: 2020 KP indicators: Results of study published, and results incorporated into tourism planning. Base line study completed. Marketing campaign designed and rolled out nationally.

2026 Target: Impact assessment tools designed. Concept Note completed and published. MENT to continue to monitor the effects of climate change on the sector and integrate 2023 Target: climate change concerns into all sector planning strategies. Identification of new farmstead cultural tourism projects and support given to these projects

2026 KP indicators: in order to scale up and scale out. Impact assessments undertaken. Results of study published, and results incorporated into tourism planning. 2023 KP indicators:

2030 Target: Marketing campaign rolled out nationally and internationally. At least 2 multi-year MENT to continue to monitor the effects of climate change on the sector and integrate projects operational. climate change concerns into all sector planning strategies. 2026 Target:

2030 KP indicators: Identification of new farmstead cultural tourism projects and support given to these projects Results of study published, and results incorporated into tourism planning. in order to scale up and scale out. Impact assessments undertaken. 2026 KP indicators: Marketing campaign rolled out nationally and internationally. At least 4 multi-year projects operational.

2030 Target: Farmstead cultural tourism projects that have been successful to be rolled out nationally (in viable areas). National farmstead cultural tourism certification and brand to be used by tour operators and government in promotion of farmstead cultural tourism projects and areas.

2030 KP indicators: Marketing campaign rolled out nationally and internationally, including with branding by farmstead cultural tourism certification. At least 6 multi-year projects operational. 36 Strategic Intervention S11.3: Update the Eco-Tourism Guidelines to include climate-friendly measures for operators to adopt and be graded against, and ensure the guidelines are more broadly adopted. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Botswana Development Corporation (BDC) The National Strategy Office Botswana Tourism Association 2020 Target: Guidelines updated. 2020 KP indicators: Guidelines updated to include include climate-friendly measures for operators to adopt and be graded against. Guidelines published and publicly available. 2023 Target: Guidelines updated and utilised as grading measures. 2023 KP indicators: Guidelines updated, published and publicly available. 2026 Target: Guidelines updated and utilised as grading measures. 2026 KP indicators: Guidelines updated, published and publicly available. 2030 Target: Guidelines updated and utilised as grading measures.

2030 KP indicators: Guidelines updated, published and publicly available. 37 Strategic Intervention S12.2: Develop a Low Carbon Pathways Methodology and Guidance Toolkit for Botswana, and conduct training workshops for relevant officials in all ministries in home III. Climate Change Mitigation languages, overseeing carbon-intensive sectors to adopt the low carbon pathway approach into their planning cycles as well as into the development of NDP 12. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry

12 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY Key Collaborating Entities: Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security, Department of Energy Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Strategic Intervention S12.1: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Develop a comprehensive financial and tax incentives program for energy efficiency, Business Botswana energy conservation, and clean energy use in micro, small, and medium enterprises University of Botswana and in rural community enterprises. The National Strategy Office Responsible Entity: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry 2020 Target: Key Collaborating Entities: Develop the Low Carbon Pathways Methodology and Guidance Toolkit for Botswana to Ministry of Finance and Economic Development ensure it contains the latest data. Define a monitoring and evaluation criteria with key Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) targets for the training workshops for relevant officials in all ministries overseeing carbon- Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security intensive sectors. Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security, Department of Energy 2020 KP indicators: The National Strategy Office Toolkit developed. Training program and plan created. Monitoring and Evaluation

2020 Target: criteria defined. Identify appropriate financial and tax incentives for energy efficiency, energy conservation, 2023 Target: and clean energy use in micro, small, and medium enterprises, as well as in rural Training ongoing. Conduct an additional multi - stakeholder engagement to refine the communities. Start to apply tax incentives. Create awareness raising publication materials Toolkit for Botswana with updated and relevant content. Assess monitoring and evaluation to be distributed nationally. criteria for training workshops for relevant officials in all ministries overseeing carbon-

2020 KP indicators: intensive sectors by appointing an external evaluator to determine if the targets are being Publication materials distributed. Program development plans complete. Program met. commenced. 2023 KP indicators:

2023 Target: Training delivered in all relevant ministries 6 times. Toolkit updated to include latest Financial and tax incentives rolled out. Awareness campaign ongoing. climate change methodologies.

2023 KP indicators: 2026 Target: Program ongoing. Uptake by 30% of potential enterprises. Develop an online class and textbook on Low Carbon Pathways Methodology and

2026 Target: Guidance. Ensure the class is compulsory for key government officials from major sectors. Financial and tax incentives rolled out. Awareness campaign ongoing. 2026 KP indicators:

2026 KP indicators: Training delivered in all relevant ministries 12 times. Toolkit updated to include latest Program ongoing. Uptake by 60% of potential enterprises. climate change methodologies. Online class accessible.

2030 Target: 2030 Target: Financial and tax incentives rolled out. Awareness campaign ongoing. Ongoing training. Expansion of training to include private and public sector.

2030 KP indicators: 2030 KP indicators: Program ongoing. Uptake by 90% + of potential enterprises. Training delivered in all relevant ministries 24 times. Toolkit updated to include latest climate change methodologies. Online class accessible. 38 Strategic Intervention S12.3: Strategic Intervention S12.4: Adopt and fully implement the Botswana Renewable Energy Strategy finalized in Adopt and fully implement the draft Net Metering guidelines being finalized in 2018, 2017. to incentivize growth in domestic and commercial solar power generation and usage. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Responsible Entity: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security, Department of Energy Security, Department of Energy Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) The National Strategy Office. The National Strategy Office.

2020 Target: 2020 Target: Strategy adopted, and implementation plan commenced. Net Metering regulations to be finalized, approved, and implemented. Baseline of grid-

2020 KP indicators: connected solar power to be established based on 2019 or 2020 data. Strategy adopted. Roadmap for implementation roll out available. 2020 KP indicators:

2023 Target: Net metering regulations published and gazetted. Baseline data published. Strategy operational. 2023 Target:

2023 KP indicators: Steady and continued increase in rooftop solar connections feeding into the grid Strategy adopted and in implementation. 2023 KP indicators:

2026 Target: 15% increase in net metered customers over baseline Strategy operational. 2026 Target:

2026 KP indicators: Steady and continued increase in rooftop solar connections feeding into the grid Strategy adopted and in implementation. 2026 KP indicators:

2030 Target: 30% increase in net metered customers over baseline Strategy operational. 2030 Target:

2030 KP indicators: Steady and continued increase in rooftop solar connections feeding into the grid Strategy adopted and in implementation. 2030 KP indicators: 45% increase in net metered customers over baseline 39 Strategic Intervention S12.5: Strategic Intervention S12.6: Increase the levels of incentives to renewable energy and conservation related Increase the levels of incentives for renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies and equipment under Botswana’s Manufacturing Investment Incentive related technologies and equipment such as solar power to households and and Import Duty Exemption. businesses. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Responsible Entity: Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security, Security, Department of Energy Department of Energy Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry of International Affairs and Co operation Ministry of International Affairs and Co operation Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security, Department of Energy The National Strategy Office Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) The National Strategy Office 2020 Target:

2020 Target: Identify appropriate levels and forms of increased incentives to renewable energy related technologies and equipment for households and businesses. Promote and Identify current volume or value of renewable energy equipment imported. Identify enable the adoption of such technologies at a household level and in businesses. appropriate levels and forms of increased incentives to renewable energy related 2020 KP indicators: technologies and equipment imports per import category. Amend levels accordingly. Incentives identified. Levels amended. Publicity materials created and 2020 KP indicators: distributed nationwide. Incentives and incentive levels revised and published. 2023 Target: 2023 Target: Significant uptake of solar energy capture and storage at a national level. Increase in Incentives amended. targets for such adoption and include new technologies where appropriate. 2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: Incentives amended and a 15% increase in renewable energy technologies imported. Uptake of technologies by 30% of households and businesses. 2026 Target:

2026 Target: Re-visit amendments and adapt where necessary to new green technologies and national Significant uptake of solar energy capture and storage at a national level. Increase in needs. targets for such adoption and include new technologies where appropriate. 2026 KP indicators: 2026 KP indicators: Incentives updated and amended and a 30% increase in renewable energy Uptake of technologies by 30% of households and businesses. technologies imported. 2030 Target:

2030 Target: Significant uptake of solar energy capture and storage at a national level. Increase in Re-visit amendments and adapt where necessary to new green technologies and national targets for such adoption and include new technologies where appropriate. needs. 2030 KP indicators:

2030 KP indicators: Uptake of technologies by 30% of households and businesses. Incentives updated and amended and a 45% increase in renewable energy technologies imported. 40 Strategic Intervention S12.7: Design, put in place, and operationalise a multi-sectoral greenhouse gas emissions monitoring, reporting, and verification system in compliance with UNFCCC standards, to annually measure progress against the NDC target of 15% GHG reduction in absolute terms over the 2010 baseline. Responsible Entity: Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security, Department of Energy Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Business Botswana University of Botswana The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: Design the multi-sectoral greenhouse gas emissions monitoring, reporting, and verification system. Appoint an external evaluator to determine whether the system can be improved and the level of compliance with UNFCCC standards. 2020 KP indicators: New system designed, finalized, and approved. Evaluator appointed, and assessment undertaken.

2023 Target: Update the targets, outputs and indicators for the multi-sectoral greenhouse gas emissions monitoring, reporting, and verification system. Conduct a comparison of verification systems internationally to include in the updated system. 2026 KP indicators: System adapted or new system operational and compliant. System revisited yearly to ensure its efficacy. 2026 Target: Reassess and report the findings and recommendations of the multi-sectoral greenhouse gas emissions monitoring, reporting, and verification system in a high-level publicly available report. 2026 KP indicators: System adapted or new system operational and compliant. System revisited yearly to ensure its efficacy. Report available publicly. 2030 Target: Reassess and report the findings and recommendations of the multi-sectoral greenhouse gas emissions monitoring, reporting, and verification system in a high-level publicly available report. 2030 KP indicators: System adapted or new system operational and compliant. System revisited yearly to ensure its efficacy. Second Report available publicly. 41

13 TRANSPORTATION Strategic Intervention S13.1: Strategic Intervention S13.2 Put into effect and fully operationalise the National Multi-Modal Transport Master Develop an Integrated Public Transport Network (IPTN) framework and plan for Plan developed with the World Bank’s support, with accelerated implementation of Botswana’s three most populated cities, including a focus on safety and public transportation and related components. operational standards and options for regularising and formalizing informal public Responsible Entity: Ministry of Transport and Communications transportation networks if feasible. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Transport and Communications Key Collaborating Entities: Botswana Tourism Organisation Key Collaborating Entities: University of Botswana – Engineering Botswana Tourism Organisation Botswana International University of Science and Technology University of Botswana – Engineering Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Botswana International University of Science and Technology Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development The National Strategy Office Ministry of Finance and Economic Development

2020 Target: Ministry of Transport and Communications Operationalise the National Multi-Modal Transport Master Plan, keeping GHG reductions The National Strategy Office in mind. Ensure it is accessible online and in hard copy. 2020 Target:

2020 KP indicators: Commence the development of an Integrated Public Transport Network (IPTN) framework Implement plan and enable plan available online and in hard copy. including new focus areas and standards.

2023 Target: 2020 KP indicators: Conduct a national stakeholder workshop to discuss the progress on and effectiveness of ITPN framework development plans created and commenced. Plans to include the updated National Multi-Modal Transport Master Plan. deliverable deadlines.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 Target: Workshop held, and outcomes fed back into an updated plan. Implement the IPTN policies and corresponding guidelines. Develop a capacity building assessment for the department of transport.

2026 Target: Assess whether the recommendations from the national stakeholder workshop have been 2023 KP indicators: implemented. Conduct a national stakeholder workshop to guide a post - 2030 plan. ITPN plans operational in all three cities.

2026 KP indicators: 2026 Target: Assessment of progress and implementation of recommendations published. Monitor implementation of the legislations, policies, strategies and planning tools to Workshop to guide post 2030 plan held. enhance promotion of public transport.

2030 Target: 2026 KP indicators: ITPN plans operational in all three cities. Develop, finalize, adopt, and begin implementation of a post - 2030 plan. 2030 Target: 2030 KP indicators: Monitor implementation of the legislations, policies, strategies and planning tools to New plan drafted, published, adopted, and implemented. enhance promotion of public transport

2030 KP indicators: ITPN plans operational in all three cities. 42 Strategic Intervention S13.3: 2030 KP indicators: Put into effect and fully operationalise the National Multi-Modal Transport Master New plan drafted, published, adopted, and implemented. Botswana actively Plan developed with multilateral organisations support, which contains participating in the 2021 ICAO mechanism components on the sustainability of the national carrier Air Botswana and Commence preparations and capacity building for Botswana’s voluntary participation from 2021 in the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO’s) global market-based mechanism – Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for Strategic Intervention S13.4: International Aviation (CORSIA )(ICAO, n.d.) Develop a transport sector emissions reduction target consistent with and to Responsible Entity: Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana contribute to Botswana’s economy-wide NDC 2030 target of 15% GHG reduction in Key Collaborating Entities: absolute terms over the 2010 baseline. International Civil Aviation Organisation’ (ICAO) Responsible Entity: Ministry of Transport and Communications Air Botswana Botswana Tourism Organisation Key Collaborating Entities: University of Botswana – Engineering Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Botswana International University of Science and Technology Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Finance and Economic Development The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office 2020 Target:

2020 Target: Commence the creation of a working group to update or finalize existing targets for Expand and refine the National Multi-Modal Transport Master Plan, keeping GHG emissions reduction in the transport sector and appropriate interventions to reach the reductions from aviation in mind. Ensure it is accessible online and in hard copy. Ensure target. Group to publish updated emissions targets for sector. Target pathways to be its alignment with the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO’s) global market- included in relevant policy at all levels of government. GHG emission reporting methods based mechanism – Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation. for the sector defined and created.

2020 KP indicators: 2020 KP indicators: Plan implemented and plan available online and in hard copy. Alignment with ICAO Working group created, targets updated, and GHG reduction pathways finalized. system complete. 2023 Target:

2023 Target: Targets revisited and refined based on overall GHG emissions and new technologies Conduct a national stakeholder workshop to discuss the progress on and effectiveness of available. Ongoing reporting. the updated National Multi-Modal Transport Master Plan. 2023 KP indicators:

2023 KP indicators: Measurable reduction in transport sector GHG emissions from 2020 levels. Workshop held, and outcomes fed back into updated plan. Botswana actively 2026 Target: participating in the 2021 ICAO mechanism Targets revisited and refined based on overall GHG emissions and new technologies

2026 Target: available. Ongoing reporting. Assess whether the recommendations from the national stakeholder workshop have been 2026 KP indicators: implemented. Conduct a national stakeholder workshop to guide a post - 2030 plan. Measurable reduction in transport sector GHG emissions from 2023 levels.

2026 KP indicators: 2030 Target: Assessment of progress and implementation of recommendations published. Targets revisited and refined based on overall GHG emissions and new technologies Workshop to guide post 2030 plan held. Botswana actively participating in the 2021 available. Ongoing reporting. ICAO mechanism 2030 KP indicators:

2030 Target: Measurable reduction in transport sector GHG emissions from 2026 levels. Develop, finalize, adopt, and begin implementation of a post - 2030 plan. 43 Strategic Intervention S13.5: Strategic Intervention S13.6: Develop, publish, issue, and bring into effect under the auspices of the Botswana Ensure that Transport sector policy, strategy and planning is fully responsive and Bureau of Standards, appropriate vehicular emission standards for motorized addresses climate change issues, providing sustainable solutions for both transport. Design and operationalise an emissions monitoring and reporting system mitigation and adaptation. Ensure that the Ministry of Transport and with private sector involvement as well as an enforcement and penalty system to Communications creates sector wide strategies, followed by specific strategies for support the implementation of the vehicular emission standards adopted. each sub-sector. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Transport and Communications Responsible Entity: Ministry of Transport and Communications Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Botswana Tourism Organisation Botswana Tourism Organisation University of Botswana University of Botswana Botswana International University of Science and Technology Botswana International University of Science and Technology Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: 2020 Target: Set and publish emissions limits for all GHGs from vehicular emissions. Identify private The Ministry of Transport and Communications to begin enacting the strategies outlined by sector partners to enable monitoring. Develop a theory of change model to sustain, bring this document and create a climate change working group that meets quarterly to review or to scale, and evaluate the progress of the emissions monitoring and reporting system as update strategies. well as an enforcement and penalty system. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: Ministry to commence development of sector wide climate change response plans Emissions levels published. Private sector partners identified and included in and implement strategies as per this document. system design. Monitoring and enforcement system design finalized. 2023 Target:

2023 Target: Strategies to be written and implemented by transport subsectors including: Road System operational. Conduct an evaluation of the system by appointing an external (including hybrid-electric vehicles and biofuel use), Rail, Air, Water, Intermodal, NMT to evaluator to assess its effectiveness. Update the theory of change model with new develop and roll out climate change responsive strategies. Relevant subsectors to create outputs, activities, assumptions and outcomes. strategies around uptake of non-fossil fuel vehicles as private and state fleet.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: System operational and emissions levels measurably decreased from 2020 levels. Climate change strategies made and published for the: Road, Rail, Air, Water, First evaluation report published. Intermodal and NMT. All strategies operational with groups meeting quarterly (12

2026 Target: meetings per group in total) System operational and updated. Conduct a final evaluation by appointing an external 2026 Target: evaluator to assess the effectiveness of the monitoring and reporting system. All strategies operational with groups meeting quarterly.

2026 KP indicators: All strategies operational with groups meeting quarterly (24 meetings per group in System operational and emissions levels measurably decreased from 2023 levels. total). Second evaluation report published. 2030 Target:

2030 Target: All strategies operational with groups meeting quarterly. System operational with ongoing M&E as per NMES. 2030 KP indicators:

2030 KP indicators: All strategies operational with groups meeting quarterly (36 meetings per group in System operational and emissions levels measurably decreased from 2026 levels. total). 44 Strategic Intervention S13.7: Strategic Intervention S13.8: Create and operationalise an Air Quality Monitoring System (AQMS) in locations of Lower GHGs emissions within the transport sector though a relevant taxation heavy transport activities. system based on GHG emissions by vehicle and use. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Transport and Communications Responsible Entity: Ministry of Transport and Communications Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Botswana Tourism Organisation Botswana Tourism Organisation University of Botswana University of Botswana Botswana International University of Science and Technology Botswana International University of Science and Technology Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing Development Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office 2020 Target:

2020 Target: Create AQMS working group from relevant experts, practitioners and government Formation of new tax system working group. Design of system underway and officials. Creation of AQMS underway. implementation plan rolled out. National awareness campaign rolled out. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: AQMS working group created and working group plan created. Commencement of GHG emissions Taxing working group created and working group plan created. AQMS system design process. Working group commences design of system. Awareness campaign material in

2023 Target: design. AQMS operational and feeding back into NDC systems and BOBS systems and 2023 Target: information gained from the system used to inform the relevant sections of the 2023 NDP. Taxation system operational. Awareness campaign underway. 2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: AQMS system operational. New NDP strategies informed by information gained System operational nationwide. Awareness material visible nationally. from the system. 2026 Target: 2026 Target: System operational. AQMS operational and feeding back into NDC systems and BOBS systems. 2026 KP indicators: 2026 KP indicators: Awareness material visible nationally. AQMS system operational. 2030 Target: 2030 Target: System operational. AQMS operational and feeding back into NDC systems and BOBS systems. 2030 KP indicators: 2030 KP indicators: Awareness material visible nationally. AQMS system operational. 45

14 WASTE MANAGEMENT Strategic Intervention S14.2: Strategic Intervention S14.1: Fully operationalise the Botswana Recycling Guidelines, including components on Fully implement the recently concluded opportunities assessment of waste-to- valorisation and contribution of waste recycling to climate change mitigation. energy projects in Botswana with a view to managing waste as a resource. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) and Tourism Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: University of Botswana University of Botswana Botswana International University of Science and Technology Botswana International University of Science and Technology Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy, Security Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy, Security Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office 2020 Target:

2020 Target: Update and operationalise the Botswana Recycling Guidelines. Identify, scale up and out existing projects from pilot waste-to-energy projects. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: Guidelines updated, and implementation plan created. Findings from opportunity assessment implemented. Scalable projects identified 2023 Target: and plan to scale up/out created. Revise Botswana Recycling Guidelines and the newly draft legislative frameworks if need

2023 Target: be. Codify the Botswana Recycling Guidelines by drafting associated legislation and Scale up and out projects from existing pilot waste-to-energy projects. policies to support the guidelines.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: At least 3 new waste-to-energy projects operational. Associated legislation and policy drafted where necessary. Guidelines

2026 Target: implemented. Scale up and out projects and incorporate new learnings from projects. 2026 Target:

2026 KP indicators: Guidelines implemented and amended as necessary. At least 6 new waste-to-energy projects operational. 2026 KP indicators:

2030 Target: Guidelines implemented. Reassess the effectiveness of the projects and revise plans for post-2030 waste-to- 2030 Target: energy projects. Guidelines implemented and amended as necessary.

2030 KP indicators: 2030 KP indicators: At least 9 new waste-to-energy projects operational, and an updated post-2030 plan Guidelines implemented. ready to be operationalised. 46

15 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND LAND USE Conduct national stakeholder workshops on how to incorporate learnings from the GACSA and such groupings.

2030 KP indicators: Strategic Intervention S15.1: Botswana is a member of the Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture Become a member of international partnerships and alliances on agriculture sector (GACSA) and any other relevant groupings. Workshops delivered in all sub- mitigation to enable Botswana to be exposed to best practices and explore districts. collaborative opportunities with global institutions working to reduce AFOLU emissions. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Strategic Intervention S15.2: Tourism (MENT). Implement and enforce climate change mitigation as a core criterion and Key Collaborating Entities: consideration into Botswana’s land use planning legislation and land use master Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security planning guidelines, to realise the goals of Botswana’s National Spatial Plan 2036, Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services which emphasizes the need for spatially targeting climate resilience in key sectors. University of Botswana – Dept. of Agriculture and Natural Resources Responsible Entity: Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Botswana International University of Science and Technology Key Collaborating Entities: Local Government and Rural Development Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Farmers Associations Farmers Associations Forestry Association of Botswana The National Strategy Office Famers committees 2020 Target: South African Sciences Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management Identify specific land use planning legislation and land use master planning guidelines to The National Strategy Office amend. Make amendments to include climate change mitigation as a core criterion.

2020 Target: 2020 KP indicators: Become a member of the Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture (GACSA). Identify Climate change mitigation drafted and incorporated into Botswana’s land use and join other such groupings. planning legislation and land use master planning guidelines. Updated guidelines

2020 KP indicators: published. Botswana is a member of the Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture 2023 Target: (GACSA) and any other relevant groupings. Criterion included in all relevant planning legislation and land use master planning

2023 Target: guidelines. Draft guidelines on agriculture sector emissions reduction and abatement in Botswana, 2023 KP indicators: incorporating learnings from the GACSA and other such groupings. Guidelines and legislation published, gazetted, and in use. Climate change

2023 KP indicators: mitigation incorporated into all relevant land use and planning legislation. Botswana is a member of the Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture 2026 Target: (GACSA) and any other relevant groupings. Guidelines drafted and published. Criterion included in all relevant planning legislation and land use master planning

2026 Target: guidelines. Incorporate capacity building workshops for local community organisations on lessons 2026 KP indicators: learned from GACSA and such groupings. Guidelines published and in use.

2026 KP indicators: 2030 Target: Botswana is a member of the Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture Criterion included in all relevant planning legislation and land use master planning (GACSA) and any other relevant groupings. Workshops delivered in 50% of sub- guidelines. districts. 2030 KP indicators:

2030 Target: Guidelines published and in use. 47 Strategic Intervention S15.3: Strategic Intervention S15.4: Utilising the newly mandated CBNRM programme and its institutions, create a Identify key livestock-focused areas of intervention within existing Climate Smart forest wildfire early warning, monitoring and management system to help combat Agriculture (CSA) programmes, and scale-up such programmes with a specific GHG emissions through forest wildfires. focus on manure management through the adoption of new manure storage, Responsible Entity: CBNRM Programme. handling and treatment technologies in order to lower GHG emissions for the Key Collaborating Entities: sector. Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Responsible Entity: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) The National Strategy Office Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development

2020 Target: Botswana Development Corporation (BDC) Commence the creation of the forest wildfire warning, monitoring and management Farmers Associations system. The National Strategy Office

2020 KP indicators: 2020 Target: Forest wildfire early warning, monitoring and management system design and Key CSA programmes involving livestock identified where manure management implementation plan finalised. technologies can reduce GHGs. Creation of new manure management specific CSA

2023 Target: programmes. Wildfire monitoring and management system operational. 2020 KP indicators:

2023 KP indicators: List of programmes to expand finalised and action plans created for new manure System operational as a core programme for the CBNRM programme. management programmes under CSA programme.

2026 Target: 2023 Target: Wildfire monitoring and management system operational. New programme specifically around manure management and GHG reduction has been created and rolled out. 2026 KP indicators: System operational as a core programme for the CBNRM programme. 2023 KP indicators: Programmes rolled out with 30% nationwide uptake by farmers. 2030 Target: Wildfire monitoring and management system operational. 2026 Target: Programmes ongoing. 2030 KP indicators: System operational as a core programme for the CBNRM programme. 2026 KP indicators: Programmes rolled out with 60% nationwide uptake by farmers. 2030 Target: Programmes ongoing.

2030 KP indicators: Programmes rolled out with 90% + nationwide uptake by farmers. 48 Strategic Intervention S15.5: Utilising the new mandated CBNRM programme, implement a National Woodlot Management System in order to create sustainable and managed woodlots. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Youth Empowerment, Sport and Culture Development The National Strategy Office 2020 Target Utilise the newly mandated CBNRM programme to create a system for the establishment and management of woodlots. 2020 KP indicators: Woodlot management system design and implementation plan finalised. 2023 Target: Woodlot management system operational. 2023 KP indicators: National Woodlot Management System operational. Woodlots created in all relevant areas. 2026 Target: Woodlot management system operational. 2026 KP indicators: National Woodlot Management System operational 2030 Target: Woodlot management system operational. 2030 KP indicators: National Woodlot Management System operational 49

16 EXTRACTIVES AND MINING Strategic Intervention S16.1: Strategic Intervention S16.2: Develop an extractive (mining and quarrying) sector emissions reduction target Ensure adoption of GHG reduction initiatives by members of the Chambers of consistent with and to contribute to Botswana’s economy-wide NDC 2030 target of Mines that reflect international best practice from the extractives and mining 15% GHG reduction in absolute terms over the 2010 baseline. industry in its approach to climate change including monitoring and evaluation Responsible Entity: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy pathways. Security Responsible Entity Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Botswana Chamber of Mines Botswana Chamber of Mines Ministry of International Affairs and Cooperation International Affairs and Cooperation Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Business Botswana Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry

2020 Target: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT)] The Commence the creation of a working group to update or finalize existing targets for National Strategy Office emissions reduction in the extractives sector and appropriate interventions to reach the 2020 Target: target. Group to publish updated emissions targets for sector. Target pathways to be Develop a monitoring and evaluation criteria to determine if the sector emissions are included in relevant policy at all levels of government. GHG emission reporting methods reducing. Build the capacity of the Chamber of Mines to assist with the monitoring and for the sector defined and created. evaluation of sector emission reduction and to present best practice for the sector.

2020 KP indicators: 2020 KP indicators: Working group created, targets updated, and GHG reduction pathways finalized. Monitoring and evaluation criteria created. Training and capacity building plan

2023 Target: created for Chamber of Mines. Key GHG reduction initiatives selected. Targets revisited and refined based on overall GHG emissions and new technologies 2023 Target: available. Ongoing reporting. Assess with the monitoring and evaluation criteria the reductions in sector emissions.

2023 KP indicators: Upscale the capacity of the Chamber of Mines to assist with the monitoring and Measurable reduction in extractives sector GHG emissions from 2020 levels. evaluation of sector emission reduction. Develop new activities for reducing sector

2026 Target: emissions. Consider penalties for failure to comply with the reduction target Targets revisited and refined based on overall GHG emissions and new technologies 2023 KP indicators: available. Ongoing reporting. Capacity building training delivered 3 times (once annually). Key initiatives to have

2026 KP indicators: been implemented nationally and Chamber of Mines to have dedicated GHG Measurable reduction in extractives sector GHG emissions from 2023 levels. emissions sub-committee.

2030 Target: 2026 Target: Targets revisited and refined based on overall GHG emissions and new technologies Roll-out and support new activities for reducing emissions as well as to penalise entities available. Ongoing reporting. for non-compliance

2030 KP indicators: 2026 KP indicators: Measurable reduction in extractives sector GHG emissions from 2026 levels. Capacity building training delivered 6 times (once annually). Key initiatives to have been implemented nationally and Chamber of Mines to have dedicated GHG emissions sub-committee. 2030 Target: 50 Continued roll-out and support of new activities for reducing emissions as well as to penalise entities for non-compliance 2030 KP indicators: Capacity building program delivered 9 times (once annually). Key initiatives to have been implemented nationally and Chamber of Mines to have dedicated GHG emissions sub-committee. 51

17 CARBON BUDGETS AND ABATEMENT PATHWAYS Strategic Intervention S17.1: Strategic Intervention S17.2: Prepare a study that determines the most appropriate methodology for calculating Issue guidelines for the development of NDP 12 that explicitly mandate the short, medium, and long-term sectoral carbon budgets in Botswana, drawing on inclusion of sectoral carbon budgets for the period covered by NDP 12. best practice and models from the region and in alignment with Botswana’s NDC Responsible Entity: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy target of 15% GHG reductions by 2030. Security Responsible Entity: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Key Collaborating Entities: Security Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Key Collaborating Entities: Botswana Chamber of Mines Botswana Chamber of Mines International Affairs and Cooperation International Affairs and Cooperation Business Botswana Business Botswana Investment Trade and Industry Ministry of Investment Trade and Industry Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Finance and Investment 2020 Target: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Guidelines to be developed and published to explicitly mandate the inclusion of sectoral

2020 Target: carbon budgets for the period covered by NDP 12. Study to be designed and launched. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: Guidelines approved and published. Research partner identified. Study launched. 2023 Target:

2023 Target: Guidelines to be adhered to by sectors during the development of the 2023 NDP. Implement the recommendations from the study. Update the study or develop a new 2023 KP indicators: study that determines the most appropriate methodology for calculating short, medium, Sectoral carbon budgets included and published in NDP 12. and long-term sectoral carbon budgets in Botswana. 2026 Target:

2023 KP indicators: Codify the inclusion of sectoral carbon budgets into relevant legislation. Study completed, and recommendations implemented. 2026 KP indicators: 2026 Target: Sectoral carbon budgets included in legislation passed, Sectoral carbon budgets to be formally adopted and adhered to in all sectors.

2026 KP indicators: 2030 Target: Sector carbon budgets and performance against budgets published. Sectors to meet carbon budgets as part of their performance against the NDP.

2030 Target: 2030 KP indicators: Sectoral carbon budgets to be reduced annually. Sectoral carbon budget performance reported in NDP 12 performance. 2030 KP indicators: Annually reduced sector carbon budgets and performance against budgets published. 52

18 MARKET BASED MECHANISMS Strategic Intervention S18.2: Strategic Intervention S18.1: Drawing on learnings from other developing countries, develop studies, models, Drawing on learnings from other developing countries, develop a comprehensive and analyses that examine various scenarios for: report that studies, models, and analyses various scenarios for carbon taxes in (A) An international emissions or offsets trading mechanisms in Botswana, including an evaluation of the sectors or industries that would be taxed, Botswana that reflects the guidance from the UNFCCC on the new ‘Article the level of taxation, progressive taxation features, ringfencing of the tax revenues, 6.4 sustainable development mechanism’ and and multiplier effects on consumption, incomes, and economic activity. (B) A domestic emissions or offsets trading scheme that could enable Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and carbon-intensive industries to meet and reduce their carbon budgets over Tourism (MENT) time. Key Collaborating Entities: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Botswana Chamber of Mines Security Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Key Collaborating Entities: International Affairs and Cooperation Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Business Botswana Botswana Chamber of Mines Investment Trade and Industry International Affairs and Cooperation The National Strategy Office Business Botswana

2020 Target: Investment Trade and Industry Develop and disseminate the report. Commence the process of presenting the report at The National Strategy Office workshops designed to inform policy discussions on carbon taxes in Botswana. Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT)

2020 KP indicators: 2020 Target: Report completed and disseminated. Three national workshops held. Put together a working group to undertake research into international emissions or offsets Recommendations formally adopted by Government. trading mechanisms for consideration in Botswana that reflect the guidance from the

2023 Target: UNFCCC on the new ‘Article 6.4 sustainable development mechanism’ and domestic Revise and update the report to reflect global and regional developments on carbon emissions or offsets trading schemes that could enable carbon-intensive industries to taxes. meet and reduce their carbon budgets over time. Group to identify mechanisms and

2023 KP indicators: publish results. Report updated and recommendations adopted. 2020 KP indicators:

2026 Target: Working group participants identified and working group created. Working group Revise and update the report to reflect global and regional developments on carbon action plan created. Action plan commenced. taxes. 2023 Target:

2026 KP indicators: Research findings to be published, and recommendations to be formally adopted by Report updated and recommendations adopted. Government.

2030 Target: 2023 KP indicators: Revise and update the report to reflect global and regional developments on carbon At least 3 studies/models/analyses to have been completed and published. taxes. 2026 Target:

2030 KP indicators: Research to continue and be updated to reflect global and regional developments on Report updated and recommendations adopted. emissions trading mechanisms and carbon markets. 2026 KP indicators: Research updated and recommendations adopted. 53

2030 Target: Prepare a feedback report on the lessons learned, challenges and recommendations for Research to continue and be updated to reflect global and regional developments on enhancing the accounting integrity mechanism. emissions trading mechanisms and carbon markets. 2020 KP indicators:

2030 KP indicators: Accounting systems in place and nine yearly reports published. Research updated and recommendations adopted. Strategic Intervention S18.3: Prepare for and lay the foundation for the extremely high level of accounting integrity required under the UNFCCC’s global transparency mechanism that will take stock of progress on NDCs every five years, by putting in place a rigorous, multi-sectoral greenhouse gas emissions monitoring, reporting, and verification system in compliance with UNFCCC standards (linked to the NDC 2030 target of 15% GHG reduction in absolute terms over the 2010 baseline). Responsible Entity: Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Botswana Chamber of Mines International Affairs and Cooperation Business Botswana Ministry of Investment Trade and Industry Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT)

2020 Target: Commence a multi - stakeholder process (including experts, government, private sector and industry) to design a greenhouse gas emissions monitoring, reporting, and verification system to measure NDC progress. Finalise design. Implement System. 2020 KP indicators: Process participants identified, and process agenda and plan created. Accounting systems designed and operationalised. 2023 Target: Report on the effectiveness and results from the implemented accounting integrity required under the UNFCCC’s global transparency mechanism. 2020 KP indicators: Accounting systems in place and three yearly reports published. 2026 Target: Amend and refine the accounting integrity mechanism. 2020 KP indicators: Accounting systems in place and six yearly reports published. 2030 Target: 54 IV. Cross-cutting Themes

19 GENDER Strategic Intervention S19.1: Strategic Intervention S19.2: Develop a national Climate Change Gender Action Plan2 (ccGAP), with an emphasis Promote equitable participation of women farmers and female-headed households on women as drivers of climate resilience, and women’s role in water and energy in Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) programmes, agritourism, and access to and healthcare provision in households. conservation agriculture technologies. Responsible Entity: Department of Gender Affairs Responsible Entity: Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: UN Women Gender Affairs Department, MENT Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs Sectoral Ministries The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: 2020 Target: Adoption of first national ccGAP after its development with support from UN Women and CSA, agritourism, and conservation technology support programmes updated to include other relevant expert groups. actions for targeting women farmers.

2020 KP indicators: 2020 KP indicators: National Climate Change Gender Action Plan3 (ccGAP) development plan created Key programmes identified. Updating plan created. and commenced. 2023 Target:

2023 Target: Climate-related agricultural projects that directly focus on women farmers are in place. Projects identified under the ccGAP are actively being undertaken Participation in CSA programmes, agritourism, and adoption of conservation technologies

2023 KP indicators: includes equitable representation of women and men. ccGAP Adopted, published and implemented. 2020 KP indicators:

2026 Target: All plans updated. 30% rise in female participation in programmes. National ccGAP routinely implemented and updated. 2026 Target:

2026 KP indicators: Participation in CSA programmes, agritourism, and adoption of conservation technologies ccGAP implemented as per plan outlines. includes equitable representation of women and men.

2030 Target: 2020 KP indicators: National ccGAP routinely implemented and updated. All plans updated. 60% rise in female participation in programmes

2030 KP indicators: 2030 Target: ccGAP implemented as per plan outlines. Participation in CSA programmes, agritourism, and adoption of conservation technologies includes equitable representation of women and men.

2020 KP indicators: All plans updated. 90% + rise in female participation in programmes 2 3 http://genderandenvironment.org/works/ccgaps/ http://genderandenvironment.org/works/ccgaps/ 55 Strategic Intervention S19.3: Strategic Intervention S19.4: Ensure equitable gender access to the proposed endowment fund providing low- Ensure that women’s voices are included in natural resources management cost finance to climate change adaptation projects, aligned to existing similar through their equitable participation in CBNRM processes. projects. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Gender Affairs Department, Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office 2020 Target:

2020 Target: Ensure that the gender equity is made explicit in the mandates of the CBNRM and that Ensure that the endowment fund model explicitly incorporates gender equity in its constitutional documents include a provision for equal gender representation on the disbursement principles. executive body of the collective.

2020 KP indicators: 2020 KP indicators: Endowment fund explicitly incorporates gender equity in its disbursement Gender fair provisions incorporated into the design of the CBNRM. principles. 2023 Target:

2023 Target: Women and men participate equitably in CBNRM decisions. Specific calls for proposals that target women’s groups are established. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: Gender fair representation in the CBNRM. At least 3 proposals that target women’s groups released by fund. 2026 Target:

2026 Target: The interests and needs of both women and men are equitably accommodated in Men and women benefit equitably from funding for climate change adaptation projects. CBNRM decisions.

2020 KP indicators: 2020 KP indicators: Fund actively attains 50/50 split in female and male successful access to the fund. Gender fair representation in the CBNRM.

2030 Target: 2030 Target: Men and women benefit equitably from funding for climate change adaptation projects. The interests and needs of both women and men are equitably accommodated in

2020 KP indicators: CBNRM decisions. Fund actively attains 50/50 split in female and male successful access to the fund 2020 KP indicators: Gender fair representation in the ‘CBNRM. 56 Strategic Intervention S19.5: Strategic Intervention S19.6: Ensure that gendered differences of climate change are mainstreamed into climate Ensure the full participation of women and female-headed households in disaster change education. management public gatherings, to address both the higher vulnerability of women Responsible Entity: Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology, and children, and to plan for the higher post-disaster burden placed on women due Key Collaborating Entities: to their dual roles as producers and carers. Ministry of Basic Education Responsible Entity: Office of the President Gender Affairs Department Key Collaborating Entities:

2020 Target: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Ensure the curriculum assessments for determining content needs include gender aspects. Gender Affairs Department

2020 KP indicators: 2020 Target: Curriculum passements updated to include gender aspects. The NDMO actively targets women’s groups for invitation to and participation in regional

2023 Target: gatherings and information dissemination exercises. All new curricula materials include components on gender and climate change, and that 2020 KP indicators: teachers are trained on gender issues. Plan created by NDMO for actively targeting women to increase attendance in

2023 KP indicators: disaster management public meetings. Implementation commenced. New curricula include components on gender and climate change and 30% of all 2023 Target: teachers trained. Women are equal participants in yearly disaster management public gatherings.

2026 Target: 2023 KP indicators: All new curricula materials include components on gender and climate change, and that Plan implemented. Attendance of women at meetings up by 30%. teachers are trained on gender issues. 2026 Target:

2026 KP indicators: Women are equal participants in yearly disaster management public gatherings. New curricula include components on gender and climate change and 60% of all 2026 KP indicators: teachers trained. Plan implemented. Attendance of women at meetings up by 60%.

2030 Target: 2030 Target: All new curricula materials include components on gender and climate change, and that Women are equal participants in yearly disaster management public gatherings. teachers are trained on gender issues. 2030 KP indicators:

2030 KP indicators: Plan implemented. Attendance of women at meetings up by 90% +. New curricula include components on gender and climate change and 90% + of all teachers trained. 57

20 STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATION, TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING Strategic Intervention S20.1: All new curricula materials include new content. Teacher training on curricula to National school educational curriculum at all levels (primary, secondary and tertiary 100% of all new teachers and 30% of existing teachers. as well as including professional and technical education) shall be revised and 2030 Target: updated to include (distinct from existing environmental education) a study of All new curricula materials to include new content and all teacher to have been trained on climate change causes, impacts, responses, and solutions, and a focus on both new content. mitigation and adaptation as core curricula. 2030 KP indicators: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology All new curricula materials to include new content and 90% + of existing teachers to have been trained on new content. Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Basic Education Vocational Institutes and Universities Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Strategic Intervention S20.2: The National Strategy Office Training modules and knowledge-transfer workshops shall be developed and

2020 Target: conducted annually across all spheres of government to strengthen understanding Scan all school curricula to determine what needs to be developed (per subject and year of climate change through continuing education. level) in order to include a study of climate change causes, impacts, responses, and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and solutions, and a focus on both mitigation and adaptation. Define how and in what order Tourism (MENT) new material will be incorporated into existing and new curricula materials. Inform all Key Collaborating Entities: relevant stakeholders in the process of creation of curricula materials of new content. All Ministries. Creation of teacher training around new content. 2020 Target:

2020 KP indicators: Training modules to be created by qualified individuals/institutions. Training roll out plan Curricula updating plan created. Teacher training plan created. Commencement of created. Training commences. activities. 2020 KP indicators:

2023 Target: All modules created. Training plan created. Training commenced. All new curricula materials to include new content and ongoing teachers training on new 2023 Target: content. Training ongoing.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: All new curricula materials include new content. Teacher training on curricula to Training delivered to all relevant parties yearly (100 individuals trained). 100% of all new teachers and 30% of existing teachers. 2026 Target:

2026 Target: Training ongoing. All new curricula materials to include new content and ongoing teachers training on new 2026 KP indicators: content. Training delivered to all relevant parties yearly (200 individuals trained).

2026 KP indicators: 2030 Target: Training ongoing. 58 2030 KP indicators: Training delivered to all relevant parties yearly (300 individuals trained). 59

21 ECONOMIC EQUALITY AND EQUITY Strategic Intervention S21.1: Strategic Intervention S21.2: The revised and updated national school curriculum to be developed shall include All sectors shall make special allocation of resources, within the overall programme discussions of how climate change affects different social groups distinctly, and or project budget, for climate change activities to devote to enhancing the how vulnerability as well as adaptive capacity varies amongst women, children, involvement of specific groups of beneficiaries. The beneficiary allocation will be youth, minorities, the elderly, mental health patients, and other vulnerable groups. disaggregated into specific amounts targeting women, children, youth, minorities, Responsible Entity: Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology the elderly, mental health patients, and other vulnerable groups. Key Collaborating Entities: Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Ministry of Basic Education Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities:

2020 Target: All Ministries. Scan all school curricula to determine what needs to be developed (per subject and year 2020 Target: level) in order to include a study of how climate change affects different social groups All sectors and levels of government to be informed of need for new budgeting allocations distinctly, and how vulnerability as well as adaptive capacity varies amongst women, to ensure that special allocation of resources is made to devote to enhancing the children, youth, minorities, the elderly, mental health patients, and other vulnerable involvement of specific groups of beneficiaries. Relevant individuals to meet in each groups. Define how and in what order new material will be incorporated into existing and sector to define allocation and disaggregation of amounts and (if necessary) specific new curricula materials. Inform all relevant stakeholders in the process of creation of allocation and access pathways. curricula materials of new content. Creation of teacher training around new content. 2020 KP indicators:

2020 KP indicators: Sectors notified. Sector specific plans made around categorisation and budget Curricula updating plan created. All relevant parties informed of upcoming allocations. Budget allocations incorporated into next round of budgeting. changes. 2023 Target:

2023 Target: Budgets to include special allocations. All new curricula materials to include new content and all teachers to have been trained on 2023 KP indicators: new content. Budgets include special allocations.

2023 KP indicators: 2026 Target: Curricula updated. Budgets to include special allocations.

2026 Target: 2026 KP indicators: All new curricula materials to include new content and all teachers to have been trained Budgets include special allocations. on new content. 2030 Target:

2026 KP indicators: Budgets to include special allocations. Curricula updated. 2030 KP indicators:

2030 Target: Budgets include special allocations. All new curricula materials to include new content and all teachers to have been trained on new content. 2030 KP indicators: Curricula updated. 60

22 STRATEGIES RECOMMENDED FOR INNOVATION AND R&D Strategic Intervention S22.1: Strategic Intervention S22.2: Establish publicly funded grants for climate change research – focused on both Set up a Climate Innovation Center (CIC) or a Climate Innovation Hub (CIH) to support adaptation and mitigation – for each of the sectors covered by the national climate the generation and growth of climate-compatible business models by providing change strategy and action plan and stipulating that the majority of such grant business incubation, business acceleration, and market access guidance and tools funding would be disbursed to research institutions located within Botswana. to micro, small, and medium enterprises. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology Research Institutes Research Institutes Higher Education Institutes Higher Education Institutes The National Strategy Office Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry

2020 Target: The National Strategy Office Establishment of body or identification of pre-existing body to manage and deliver grants. 2020 Target: Create grant forms, sizes and criteria. Identify multi-year climate change research focus. CIC/CIH created and ratified. Funding provided to support CIC/CIH. Key First grants delivered. programmes/tools/services created. Publication material produced and distributed

2020 KP indicators: nationally including via radio campaign. Body established. Grant delivery mechanism developed. Research focus defined. 2020 KP indicators:

2023 Target: CIC/CIH creation plan made. Funding secured. Hub three-year plan created and Research projects underway and first projects published. finalised.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 Target: Grants disbursed for eight sectors of strategy (8 in total). Research programmes Businesses being served by CIC/CIH. Growth of centre to ensure access to micro and complete and research results published. rural businesses.

2026 Target: 2023 KP indicators: Research projects underway and first projects published. Hub operational and has served at least 90 businesses.

2026 KP indicators: 2026 Target: Grants disbursed for eight sectors of strategy (16 in total). Research programmes Businesses being served by CIC/CIH. Growth of centre to ensure access to micro and complete and research results published. rural businesses.

2030 Target: 2026 KP indicators: Research projects underway and ongoing projects funded. Hub operational and has served at least 120 businesses.

2030 KP indicators: 2030 Target: Grants disbursed for eight sectors of strategy (24 in total). Research programmes Businesses being served by CIC/CIH. Growth of centre to ensure access to micro and complete and research results published. rural businesses.

2030 KP indicators: Hub operational and has served at least 150 businesses. 61 Strategic Intervention S22.3: Strategic Intervention S22.4: Establish government support mechanisms through the CIC that enable private Ensure the incorporation and utilisation of indigenous knowledge systems in sector companies to access climate funds such as the GCF as well as partner with all relevant climate change activities. development entities such as JICA, the AfDB etc. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: All Ministries. Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security 2020 Target: Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology Indigenous knowledge systems to be added into all relevant climate planning Research Institutes documents, policies, and programmes. Higher Education Institutes 2020 KP indicator: Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry Indigenous knowledge systems to added into all relevant climate planning documents, policies, and programmes. Updated information published. The National Strategy Office 2023 Target:

2020 Target: Indigenous knowledge systems incorporated and utilised wherever appropriate. CIC to create private sector support pathway specifically for large private entities to access funds and/or partner with development agencies. 2023 KP indicator: Indigenous knowledge systems to added into all relevant climate planning 2020 KP indicators: documents, policies, and programmes. Updated information published. CIC/CIH creation plan made. Funding secured. Hub three-year plan created and 2026 Target: finalised. Indigenous knowledge systems incorporated and utilised wherever appropriate. 2023 Target:

2026 KP indicator: Businesses being served by CIC/CIH. Funds and linkages successfully created through Indigenous knowledge systems to added into all relevant climate planning the CIC. documents, policies, and programmes. Updated information published. 2023 KP indicators: 2030 Target: Hub operational and has served at least 5 businesses. Indigenous knowledge systems incorporated and utilised wherever appropriate. 2026 Target:

2030 KP indicator: Businesses being served by CIC/CIH. Funds and linkages successfully created through Indigenous knowledge systems to added into all relevant climate planning the CIC. documents, policies, and programmes. Updated information published. 2026 KP indicators: Hub operational and has served at least 10 businesses. 2030 Target: Businesses being served by CIC/CIH. Funds and linkages successfully created through the CIC. 2030 KP indicators: Hub operational and has served at least 15 businesses. 62

23 COMMUNICATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT Strategic Intervention S23.1: Strategic Intervention S23.2: Create and implement a Climate Change communication and knowledge Media grants and incentives shall be provided to print and broadcast media management strategy in order to enable the effective communication of climate platforms to increase content on and dissemination of credible information on change information between all relevant parties and Batswana. climate change. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Transport and Communications Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development National and Local Media Outlets Ministry of Youth Empowerment, Sport and Culture Development Private Sector Ministry of Transport and Communications The National Strategy Office Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security

2020 Target: The National Strategy Office Multi - sector engagement undertaken in order to create the Climate Change 2020 Target: Communication and Media Strategy. Strategy created, and implementation commenced. Climate Change Communication and Media Body created and ratified responsible for

2020 KP indicators: overall management and content inclusion process. Budget to be allocated towards Climate Change Communication and Media Strategy created, published and climate change communication grant pot. Grants to be created in differing sizes and with implemented. differing access criteria.

2023 Target: 2020 KP indicators: Strategy operational. Body created and ratified. Grant delivery mechanism designed. Funding secured.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 Target: Strategy operational. Body created and ratified. Funds available and well promoted nationally. Uptake by different forms of media production entities 2026 Target: 2023 KP indicators: Strategy operational. Body operational and at least 30 grants awarded in total.

2026 KP indicators: 2026 Target: Strategy operational. Funds available and well promoted nationally. Uptake by different forms of media

2030 Target: production entities. Strategy operational. 2026 KP indicators: Body operational and at least 60 grants awarded in total. 2030 KP indicators: 2030 Target: Strategy operational. Funds available and well promoted nationally. Uptake by different forms of media production entities.

2030 KP indicators: Body operational and at least 90 grants awarded in total. 63 Strategic Intervention S23.3: Community groups, youth groups, NGOs, civil society, and the private sector will be engaged regularly through climate change forums, town halls, and panel discussions to enhance the dialogue on climate change in Botswana with an added focus on learning from and supporting indigenous knowledge systems. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Ministry of Youth Empowerment, Sport and Culture Development Ministry of Transport and Communications Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security The National Strategy Office

2020 Target: Climate Change Communication and Media Body created and ratified responsible for overall management and content inclusion process. Community engagement process and timelines developed. 2020 KP indicators: Body created and ratified. Communication Action Plan created. Publication materials created and disseminated nationally (with an explicit aim of reaching very rural areas). 2023 Target: Programme underway. 2023 KP indicators: Programme operational. At least 12 engagements per year per sub district. 2026 Target: Programme underway. 2026 KP indicators: Programme operational. At least 12 engagements per year per sub district. 2030 Target: Programme ongoing. 2030 KP indicators: Programme operational. At least 12 engagements per year per sub district. 64

24 CLIMATE SERVICES Strategic Intervention S24.1: Strategic Intervention S24.2: Finalize, adopt, and bring into effect the National Framework for Climate Services With contemporary climate services technologies in place, identify and incubate (NFCS). revenue-generating opportunities through tailored weather and climate information Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and products within Botswana. Tourism (MENT) Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Key Collaborating Entities: Tourism (MENT) Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development National Early Warning Technical Committee (EWTC) Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security Inter-Ministerial Drought Committee Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry The National Strategy Office National Early Warning Technical Committee (EWTC)

2020 Target: Inter-Ministerial Drought Committee Finalize, adopt, and bring into effect the National Framework for Climate Services The National Strategy Office (NFCS). 2020 Target:

2020 KP indicators: Conduct an analysis to best understand relevant and viable revenue - generating NFCS finalised and adopted. opportunities through tailored weather and climate information products. Identify best

2023 Target: products for development. Identify pathways and entities for development of these NFCS fully operational. products and create development plans. Start product development.

2023 KP indicators: 2020 KP indicators: At least three key initiatives or products generated under the NFCS. Analysis designed. Viable products identified. Development plans created.

2026 Target: 2023 Target: NFCS fully operational. Successful development of products with proven uptake and frequent reporting on learnings. 2026 KP indicators: At least six key initiatives or products generated under the NFCS. 2023 KP indicators: At least two products created and disseminated. 2030 Target: NFCS operational and periodically revised and updated 2026 Target: Original products strengthened and replicated, and new products being developed. 2030 KP indicators: At least nine key initiatives or products generated under the NFCS. 2026 KP indicators: Further development of products with at least 5 products created. 2030 Target: Original products strengthened and replicated, and new products being developed.

2030 KP indicators: Further development of products with at least 8 products created. 65 Strategic Intervention S24.3: Strategic Intervention S24.4: Develop sector - specific climate services products for all major sectors in Botswana, Train a number of officials and technical specialists in every Ministry in Botswana to ensuring that the unique needs of stakeholders in each sector are catered to in terms effectively develop requests for sector-specific climate services from DMS, of the type of climate information they need and the decisions they use such climate coordinate with DMS on access to such climate services, and interpret the climate information for. services products delivered to gauge what the implications for the sector are. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation, and Responsible Entity: Department pf Meteorological Services (DMS) Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation, and Tourism (MENT) All other Ministries All other Ministries The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office Private sector climate services developers and operators in Botswana Private sector climate services developers and operators in Botswana Farmers’ Associations Farmers’ Associations Community Disaster Management committees and groups Community Disaster Management committees and groups

2020 Target: 2020 Target: Baseline needs assessment completed to identify the unique, specific, and priority climate Identification exercise completed to pinpoint the specific officials (in terms of roles and services needs of all major sectors in Botswana. titles and mandates) in each Ministry who would receive training as climate services

2020 KP indicators: users. Needs assessment completed and results published. 2020 KP indicators:

2023 Target: List of training participants created. Training program and plan created. Department of Meteorological Services (DMS) to undergo capacity strengthening and 2023 Target: training to help transition from a data analysis and distribution institution to a client- Training completed to equip certain officials from each ministry to become coordinators oriented, climate services body technically equipped to develop and provide bespoke and and focal points for climate services within their ministry, to liaise with DMS and to seek targeted climate services and meet different audiences’ needs. out, utilize, and determine appropriate action based on climate information.

2023 KP indicators: 2023 KP indicators: Capacity training held yearly (3 times in total) in each sector. Tailored, client- Training completed with 30 officials. specific (sector-specific) climate services available in each sector. 2026 Target:

2026 Target: Full range of tailored, client-specific (sector-specific) climate services received, accessed, Full range of tailored, client-specific (sector-specific) climate services developed and and utilized on a regular and ongoing basis by all ministries. disseminated on a regular and ongoing basis. 2026 KP indicators:

2026 KP indicators: Training completed with 60 officials. Capacity training held yearly (6 times in total) in each sector. Tailored, client- 2030 Target: specific (sector-specific) climate services available in each sector. Full range of tailored, client-specific (sector-specific) climate services received, accessed,

2030 Target: and utilized on a regular and ongoing basis by all ministries. Full range of tailored, client-specific (sector-specific) climate services developed and 2030 KP indicators: disseminated, including with next-generation improvements and iterations. Training completed with 90 officials.

2020 KP indicators: Capacity training held yearly (9 times in total) in each sector. Tailored, client- specific (sector-specific) climate services available in each sector. 66 V. Institutional Arrangements Strategic Intervention S25.1: Design, establish, and operationalize the institutional arrangements described in the National Climate Change Strategy, ensuring effective and representative membership of the institutional structures so that they are multisectoral and multi- stakeholder based. Responsible Entity: Department pf Meteorological Services (DMS) Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation, and Tourism (MENT) All other Ministries The National Strategy Office The President’s Office Botswana Climate Change Network

2020 Target: Design and membership of all recommended institutions finalized by DMS, in coordination with all relevant ministries, and approved by Parliamentary Committee.

2020 KP indicators: New institutional structures created, with clear mandates and additional resources.

2023 Target: Recommended institutional structures and coordination mechanisms in place and regularly utilised; mandates and membership updated as needed.

2023 KP indicators: 12 quarterly meetings held and minutes published (four each for three years)

2026 Target: Recommended institutional structures and coordination mechanisms in place and regularly utilised; mandates and membership updated as needed.

2026 KP indicators: 24 quarterly meetings held and minutes published (four each for six years)

2030 Target: Recommended institutional structures and coordination mechanisms in place and regularly utilised; mandates and membership updated as needed.

2030 KP indicators: 32 quarterly meetings held and minutes published (four each for nine years) 67 At least 9 concept notes submitted and 6 proposals. At least three tranches of VI. Resource Mobilisation funding to have been successfully accessed. Strategic Intervention S26.1: Enable access to a variety of climate funds and financing streams through the creation of a Climate Resource Mobilisation Unit (CRMU) within the National Climate Strategic Intervention S26.2: Change Unit which is tasked with identifying relevant resources, identifying bankable The CRMU to develop and implement a Resource Mobilisation Strategy which locates projects, creation of concept notes and proposals, accessing project preparation relevant and appropriate resources to mobilise from global and national funds to funds and driving the entire resource mobilisation process as well as assessing combat and address the effects of Climate Change, and sets out specific sectoral national financial financing pathways. pathways to finance. Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Responsible Entity: Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism (MENT) Tourism (MENT) Key Collaborating Entities: Key Collaborating Entities: Ministry of Finance and Investment Ministry of Finance and Investment Climate Funds Climate Funds Private Funds Private Funds The National Strategy Office The National Strategy Office Relevant participating ministries. Relevant participating ministries.

2020 Target: 2020 Target: CRMU created within the existing National Climate Change Unit. CRMU mandated, CRMU, in conjunction with other relevant stakeholders to develop and finalise a Resource resourced and operationalised. Mobilisation Strategy.

2020 KP indicator: 2020 KP indicator: CRMU established and first 3-year plan created. Resource Mobilisation Strategy published. Strategy implemented.

2023 Target: CRMU operational with strong links to all climate funds. Resource mobilisation activities 2023 Target: underway. Project preparation funds sought on an ongoing basis. Strategy operational.

2023 KP indicator: 2023 KP indicator: At least 3 concept notes submitted and 1 proposal. At least one tranche of funding Resource Mobilisation Strategy published. Strategy implemented. to have been successfully accessed.

2026 Target:

2026 Target: CRMU operational with strong links to all climate funds. Project preparation funds sought CRMU operational with strong links to all climate funds. Project preparation funds sought on an ongoing basis. Resource mobilisation activities underway. on an ongoing basis. Resource mobilisation activities underway.

2026 KP indicator:

2026 KP indicator: Resource Mobilisation Strategy published. Strategy implemented. At least 6 concept notes submitted and 3 proposals. At least two tranches of

2030 Target: funding to have been successfully accessed. CRMU operational with strong links to all climate funds. Project preparation funds sought

2030 Target: on an ongoing basis. Resource mobilisation activities underway. CRMU operational with strong links to all climate funds. Project preparation funds sought 2030 KP indicator: on an ongoing basis. Resource mobilisation activities underway. Resource Mobilisation Strategy published. Strategy implemented.

2030 KP indicator: 68