Environmental Standards, 2020

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS, 2020 National Environment Commission Royal Government of Bhutan June 2020 Table of contents 1. Ambient Water Quality Criteria .................................................................................. 2 2. Industrial Effluent Discharge Standard ......................................................................... 4 3. Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Discharge Standards .................................................... 6 4. Ambient Air Quality Criteria ......................................................................................... 7 5. Industry Emission Standards (Maximum Limit for Pollutants) ..................................... 8 6. Industrial Emission Standards for Aluminum Smelting Unit ......................................... 9 7. Workplace Emission Standards .................................................................................. 10 8. Vehicular Emission and Noise Limit Standards ........................................................... 11 9. Noise Level Limits ....................................................................................................... 13 10. Incineration Emission Standards ................................................................................ 14 11. Waste Incinerator ash disposal/utilization standards ................................................ 15 1 List of Abbreviations: TSS: Total Suspended Solids TDS: Total Dissolved Solids DO: Dissolved Oxygen BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand TKN: Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen PAH: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PCB: Polychlorinated Biphenyl SAR: Sodium Absorption Rate TSPM: Total Suspended Particulate Matter RSPM: Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter Units and Measurements: mg/l: Milligrams per liter µS/cm: Microsiemens Per Centimeter µg/m3: Microgram per cubic meter mg/Nm3: Milligram per cubic meter ppm:Parts per million dB(A): A-weighted decibels 2 1. Ambient Water Quality Criteria S.No. Parameter Unit A B C 1. pH pH scale 6.5-8.5 6.0-9.0 6.0 9.0 2. Colour, Hz 5 50 3. TSS mg/l 25 100 4. Conductivity µS/cm 800 1000 2000 5. Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable 6. Mineral oil No film No film 7. Nitrate mg/l 10 50 8. Fluoride mg/l 1 2.0 9. Sulphates mg/l 25 100 10. Chloride mg/l 50 200 11. Surfactants mg/l 0.1 0.2 12. Phosphates mg/l 0.5 <0.1 13. DO mg/l 6 4 14. BOD mg/l 2 5 50 15. TKN mg/l 0.5 2.0 16. Ammonia mg/l 0.05 0.5 17. T. coliform* CFU/100ml 50 5000 10,000 18. F. coliform* CFU/100ml 20 2000 5000 19. F. Streptocoppi CFU/100ml 20 1000 1000 20. Dissolved Iron mg/l 0.2 0.5 21. Copper mg/l 0.05 0.1 22. Zinc mg/l 0.2 0.5 23. Arsenic mg/l 0.01 0.05 24. Cadmium mg/l 0.003 0.003 25. Total chromium mg/l 0.05 0.05 26. Lead mg/l 0.02 0.02 27. Selenium mg/l 0.01 0.01 28. Mercury mg/l 0.0005 0.0005 29. Phenols mg/l 0.001 0.002 30. Cyanides 0.05 0.05 31. PAH mg/l 0.0002 0.0002 0.001 32. Total pesticides mg/l 0.0005 0.0005 0.001 33. PCB mg/l 0.0002 0.0002 34. SAR - 26 35. Boron mg/l - - 1 36. Floating materials wood, plastic, rubber etc. Absent Absent 37. Anionic Detergents1 mg/l 0.2 1 38. Manganese mg/l 0.4 - 39. Sodium (Absorption ratio)2 Max - - 26 1Annex K of IS 13428 2American Public Health Association (APHA) 3 40. TDS3 mg/l 500 1500 2100 41. Calcium hardness4 mg/l 200 - 42. Magnesium hardness5 mg/l 200 - 43. Barium6 mg/l 0.7 - 44. Turbidity NTU 5 - 45. COD*7 mg/l 5 *Applicable only to Surface water quality NOTE: A: (Very good) Drinking water source without conventional treatment, but after disinfection whenever necessary B: (Good) Drinking water source with conventional treatment C: (Moderate) Used for irrigation, industrial cooling, etc. *To achieve the drinking quality standard, disinfection/boiling of the water is recommended. The total coliform may be high due to their contribution from natural sources like soil, litter etc, which does not relate to pathogen. If MPN of total coliform is noticed to be more than the limit suggested, then regular tests should be carried out. The criteria would be satisfies if during a period not more than 5% samples show greater than prescribed limit. Acronyms: SAR: Sodium Absorption Ratio PAH: Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon CFU: Colony Forming Unit PCB: Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand DO: Dissolved Oxygen COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand NTU: Nephelometric Turbidity Unit 3IS: 3025 (Part 16) 4IS 3025 (Part 21) 5IS 3025 (Part 46) 6Annex F of IS 13428* or IS 15302 7American Public Health Association (APHA) 4 2. Industrial Effluent Discharge Standard S.No. Parameters Unit Generic Food Mining Metal Ind. (Electric Arc. Furnace) Chemicals (Textiles and carpets) Wood Pharmaceutical Industries 1. Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3 N) mg/l 10 10 8 8 2. Arsenic mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 3. BOD mg/l 30 30 30 30 30 100 100 4. Boron mg/l 1 5. Cadmium total mg/l 0.05 6. COD mg/l 150 150 200 7. Chloride mg/l 500 8. Chromium total mg/l 0.5 0.1 9. Chromium Hexavalent mg/l 0.1 10. Copper total mg/l 0.1 0.5 0.5 11. Cyanide mg/l 0.1 12. Fluoride mg/l 2 13. Phosphate mg/l 3 5 14. Nitrate mg/l 10 15. Iron total mg/l 2 16. Lead total mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 17. Manganese mg/l 0.5 18. Mercury mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.01 19. Nickel mg/l 0.1 0.5 0.5 5 S.No. Parameters Unit Generic Food Mining Metal Ind. (Electric Arc. Furnace) Chemicals (Textiles and carpets) Wood Pharmaceutical Industries 20. Oil and grease mg/l 5 10 21. pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 to 9 22. Phenolic compounds mg/l 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 23. Selenium mg/l 0.05 24. Sulphate (SO4) mg/l 500 25. Sulphide (S) mg/l 1.0 0.2 2 26. TDS mg/l 1500 27. TSS mg/l 80 80 50 50 100 28. Temperature** mg/l ˂3 29. TKN mg/l 20 30. Total residual chlorine mg/l 0.5 31. Zinc total mg/l 3 2 2 32. Free Ammonia8 mg/l 5 33. Color and Odor*9 Absent Note: The generic standards will apply unless otherwise stated. All units are mg/l unless otherwise stated *For color and odor, it is recommended that as far as practicable color and unpleasant odor should be absent in the samples. 8American Public Health Association (APHA) 9Colour: American Public Health Association (APHA); Odour: IS 3025 (Part 5) 6 3. Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Discharge Standards Parameter Unit Standards BOD mg/l 30 TSS mg/l 100 Fecal coliform CFU/100ml 1000 pH10 pH scale 6.5-9 COD11 mg/l 125 10American Public Health Association (APHA) 11American Public Health Association (APHA) 7 4. Ambient Air Quality Criteria Parameter Unit Industrial area Mixed Area* Sensitive area** Total Suspended Particulate Matter 24-hour average µg/m3 500 200 100 Yearly average µg/m3 360 140 70 PM 2.512 24-hour average µg/m3 60 60 60 Yearly average µg/m3 40 40 40 PM 10 24-hour average µg/m3 200 100 75 Yearly average µg/m3 120 60 50 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 24-hour average µg/m3 120 80 30 Yearly average µg/m3 80 60 15 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 24-hour average µg/m3 120 80 30 Yearly average µg/m3 80 60 15 Carbon Monoxide 8-hour average µg/m3 5,000 2,000 1,000 1-hour average µg/m3 10,000 4,000 2,000 Ozone13 8-hour average µg/m3 100 100 100 1-hour average µg/m3 180 180 180 *Mixed Area means area where residential, commercial or both activities take place **Sensitive Area means area where sensitive targets are in place like hospitals, schools, sensitive ecosystems 12Gravimetric/ Tapered element oscillating micro balance (ToEM)/Beta Attenuation 13UV Photometric/Chemiluminescence/Chemical Method 8 5. Industry Emission Standards (Maximum Limit for Pollutants) Industrial type by technology Maximum Limit for Pollutants SPM SO2 NOx CO Total Fluoride14 Unit (mg/Nm3) (mg/Nm3) (mg/Nm3) (mg/Nm3) (mg/Nm3) Lime Kilns 150 100 100 50 Arc furnace, induction furnace 150 100 100 50 Tapping fume stack 150 - - - Coal fired, oil fired, wood fired boiler 150 100 100 50 Horizontal/rotary kiln, vertical shaft kiln and other kilns 150 100 100 50 Other technologies 150 100 100 50 25 14Specific Ion Electrode Method (EPA Method) 9 6. Industrial Emission Standards for Aluminum Smelting Unit15 Parameter Unit Standard Raw material handling PM mg/Nm3 150 Precipitation Area PM Calcination 250 CO % Calcination 1% Stack Height m Calcination H=14(Q)0.3 where Q is emission rate of SO2 in kg/hr and H is stack height in m Smelter Plant PM mg/Nm3 Green Anode Shop 150 mg/Nm3 Anode Bake Oven 50 mg/Nm3 Pot Room 150 Total Fluoride mg/Nm3 Anode Bake Oven 0.8 mg/Nm3 Pre-Baked Technology 0.8 Polyfluorinated Hydrocarbons mg/Nm3 0.1 (All types of smelting of Al) 15Specific Ion Electrode Method (EPA Method) 10 7. Workplace Emission Standards Parameter Unit Standards TSPM 8-hour average mg/m3 10 RSPM (PM10) 8-hour average mg/m3 5 PM 2.516 24-hour average mg/m3 25 1-year average mg/m3 10 Sulfur dioxides 8-hour average mg/m3 1 Nitrogen oxides 8-hour average mg/m3 1 Carbon monoxide 8-hour average mg/m3 5 Pb17 1-hour average mg/m3 0.0005 Ozone18 8-hour average ppm 0.08 16Gravimetric/light-scattering/ beta attenuation-based instruments 17National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 7303 18UV Photometric/ Chemiluminescence/ Chemical method 11 8. Vehicular Emission and Noise Limit Standards Vehicular Noise Level Limits S. No. Type of Vehicle Noise Limits dB(A)19 Two wheeler 1.1 Displacement upto 80 cc 75 1.2 Displacement more than 80 cc but upto 175 cc 77 1.3 Displacement more than 175 cc 80 2 Vehicles used for carriage of passengers and capable of having not more than nine seats, including the driver’s seat 74 Vehicles used for carriage of passengers having more than nine seats, including the driver’s seat, and a maximum gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) of more than 3.5 tonnes 3.1 With an engine power less than150 KW 78 3.2 With an engine power of 150 KW or above 80 Vehicles used for carriage of passengers having more than nine seats, including the driver’s seat: Vehicles used for carriage goods 19Sound pressure level (SPL) Fuel Type Vehicles registered prior 01/2005 Vehicles registered after 01/2005 Vehicles registered prior 01/2021 Vehicles registered after 01/2021 [Approval type: Euro 6/BS VI] Petrol/ Gasoline (%CO) 4.5 % 4.0 % 4.0 % 0.5% Diesel (%HSU) 75% 70% 70% 50% Vehicle Emission standards Vehicular Noise Level Limits 12 4.1 With maximum GVW not exceeding 2 tonnes 76 4.2 With maximum GVW greater than 3 tonnes but not exceeding 3.5 tonnes 77 Vehicles used for transport of goods with a maximum GVW exceeding 3.5 tonnes 5.1 With an engine power less than 75 KW 77 5.2 With an engine power of 75 KW or above but less than 150 KW 78 13 9. Noise Level Limits Parameter Unit Day Night Industrial area dB (A) 75 65 Mixed area dB (A) 65 55 Sensitive area dB (A) 55 45 All the Values are Maximum Value *Day time is from 6:00 hours to 22:00 hours (human activities) **Night time is from 22:00 hours to 6:00 hours (limited human activities) Maximum value allowed in workplace at any point of time is 75 dB(A) 14 10. Incineration Emission Standards Parameter 20 Unit Solid waste* Bio-medical waste Hazardous waste Value Sampling duration (minutes, unless otherwise stated) Value Sampling duration (minutes, unless otherwise stated) Value Sampling duration (minutes, unless otherwise stated) Particulates mg/Nm3 50 Half hourly average value 50 30 or 1NM3 of sample volume,which ever is more 50 30 HCl mg/Nm3 50 Half hourly average value 50 30 or 1NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more 50 30 SO2 mg/Nm3 200 Half hourly average value 200 30 CO mg/Nm3 100 Half hourly average value 100 30 mg/Nm3 50 Half hourly average value 50 24 hours Total Organic Carbon mg/Nm3 20 Half hourly average value 20 30 HF mg/Nm3 4 Half hourly average value 4 30 NOx(NO and NO2 expressed as NO2 ) mg/Nm3 400 Half hourly average value 400 30 for online sampling or grab sample 400 30 Total dioxins and furans ng TEQ/N m3 0.1 6-8 hours 0.1 8 hours or 5NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more 0.1 8 hours Cd + Th + their compounds mg/Nm3 0.05 Anywhere between 30 minutes and 8 hours. 0.05 2 hours Hg and its compounds mg/Nm3 0.05 Anywhere between 30 minutes and 8 hours. 0.05 2 hours or 1NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more 0.05 2 hours 20Test Methods Particulates EPA HF EPA HCl EPA NOx(NO and NO2 expressedas NO2 ) EPA SO2 EPA Total dioxins and furans EPA CO IS:10270-1992 Cd + Th + their compounds EPA Total Organic Carbon EPA Hg and its compounds EPA Sb + As + Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni + V +their compounds EPA 15 Sb + As + Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni + V + their compounds mg/Nm3 0.5 Anywhere between 30 minutes and 8 hours. 0.50 2 hours Note: *Solid Waste refers to all types of inert’ waste that is not bio-degradable, recyclable 0r reusable in any form or solid waste generated in geographic regions where there is no facility for recycling and reusing the waste. 11. Waste Incinerator ash disposal/utilization standards21 Substance Limit values for element leaching Cat. 2 (mg/kg) Cat. 3 (mg/kg) Chloride 300 6000 Sulphate 500 8000 Sodium 200 3000 Arsenic 0.016 0.1 Barium 0.6 8 Lead 0.02 0.2 Cadmium 0.004 0.08 Chromium total 0.02 1 Copper 0.09 4 Mercury 0.0002 0.002 Manganese 0.3 2 Nickel 0.02 0.14 Zinc 0.2 3 Note: • Cat 2: Utilization in Roads, Paths, Cable graves, Floors and foundations, Noise banks Ramps, pads etc. • Cat 3: Utilization in Roads, Paths, Cable graves • If the value of parameter exceeds cat 3, the residual is to be landfilled The use is constrained by the following additional requirements: • All applications must be paved (watertight pavement is required if category 3) • The distance to the nearest drinking water well must be 30 m or more • The residues must be placed above the highest ground water table • The maximum average thickness of the ash/residue layer is 1 m (paths: 0.3 m; ramps: 4 m; noise banks: 5 m). 21CEN pr EN 12457-part3