Sustainable Energy Action Plan

1. Strategy 0: General Cross Cutting Strategy: intends to address some of the institutional and regulatory barriers identified for A&B. It addresses the Institutional barriers that have hindered active Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy development in A&B and those frameworks that should be instituted before active implementation of the SEAP. Moreover, it also addresses the lack of specific attention to the energy sector (energy is a matter that is dealt under the Cabinet of the Prime Minister by the Government and lacks a dedicated specific institution).

2. Strategy I: Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency - intends to address the following barriers: " A&B high energy intensity index; " Low levels of energy efficiency in the electricity sector; " Low levels of energy efficiency in the energy consuming sectors, in particular the commercial, public, residential, agro-industrial and transport sectors; " Low levels of energy efficiency from building designs, electrical installations and low levels of energy efficiency of end use devices.

3. Strategy II: Renewable Energy Development – intends to address the following barriers: " High dependency on imported petroleum (fossil fuels); " Lack of know indigenous fossil fuel sources; " High energy import bill; " High electricity costs; " Lack of detailed data for determining renewable energy projects; " Lack of renewable energy projects; " Inexistent independent regulatory agencies;

4. Strategy III: Education and Awareness - intends to address the following barriers: " Low awareness and technical capacity on energy efficiency and renewable energy; " Low level of education on energy efficiency and renewable energy; " Low level of resources dedicated to the energy sector; " Low involvement of the financial sector on energy efficiency and renewable energy projects; " Lack of certified renewable energy installers; " Lack of certified energy efficiency auditors. To address these issues, and achieve the strategic intent of the SEAP, the most efficient, reliable and accessible forms of energy to be developed and promoted, especially renewable energy technologies, energy efficiency practices and energy saving measures were identified and analysed. Research into the development of an appropriate legal, institutional and economic framework and management structure for enabling sustainable and economically sound energy activities and services within A&B and in cooperation with Caribbean initiatives was also undertaken. This March 2013 iii Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda methodology seeks to encourage regional and international technical and funding collaboration to stimulate an enabling environment for the implementation and integration of appropriate RE/EE measures in A&B. The four strategies delineated under the SEAP identify different, strategic intents, lines of actions and specific measures to be implemented. The following table summarise the strategic intents and lines of action proposed under each of the four strategies. Table 1: Summary of the strategic intent and lines of actions proposed in the different strategies in the SEAP Strategy Strategic intents Policy/Line of Action 01: Reformulation of the 01.1 Create the Energy Unit Energy Related Institutional and 01.2 Create the Energy Advisory Panel Organisational 01.3 Create Independent Regulatory Agency Framework Strategy 0: Cross- 02: Finalise and adopt 02.1 Finalise and adopt NEP and SEAP Cutting Strategy NEP and SEAP 03.1: Enhance the contribution of the energy sector to climate change mitigation and adaptation 0.3: Diversification of Energy Sources 03.2: Define a fuel diversification strategy for the short, medium and long term and develop priorities for diversification I1.1: Elaborate energy end-uses statistics and monitoring tools I.1: Create appropriate structures, instruments I1.2: Define and implement incentives for the efficient and tools to enable the use of energy development and implementation of energy I1.3: Define the role of APUA and other market actors efficiency programmes in the promotion of energy efficiency and measures I1.4: Revise electricity tariffs to stimulate energy efficiency I.2: Coordinate national energy efficiency I2.1: Coordinate national energy efficiency programmes with programmes with international and regional initiatives Strategy I: Energy international and regional Conservation and initiatives Energy Efficiency I3.1: Energy auditing and management programme I3.2: Building codes I.3: Develop and implement horizontal I3.3: Energy efficiency standards and labelling energy efficiency measures I3.4: Replacement of energy consuming equipment I3.5: Energy efficient lighting I4.1: Energy efficiency programme in the electricity I.4: Develop and sector implement targeted sector specific energy I4.2: Energy efficiency programme in the public sector efficiency programmes I4.3: Energy efficiency programme in the residential and measures sector iv March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Strategy Strategic intents Policy/Line of Action I4.4: Energy efficiency programme in the tourist sector I4.5: Energy efficiency programme in the agro- industrial sector I4.6: Energy efficiency programme in the transport sector II1.1: Provide Incentive package to directly stimulate II1: Create an enabling renewable energy deployment environment for the development of II1.2: Open the market for private generation of RES renewable energy electricity through private sector participation II1.3: Provide incentive package for utilisation of cleaner technologies in the transport sector II.2: Integration of II2.1: Analysis of the impacts of integration of renewable energy in the renewable energy in the grid grid II3.1: Strengthen economic and scientific data through resource assessments on the country’s energy resource potential (namely wind, solar and waste to energy (WTE)) II.3: Develop appropriate II3.2: Develop renewable energy diversification renewable energy priorities (based on cost, efficiency, environmental sources considerations) II3.3: Promote the use of small renewable generation through the production of a fast track approval process and by streamlining the procedures and standards II4.1: Promote incorporation of biodiesel Strategy II: Renewable Energy II4.2: Diversify energy sources by type and Development II4: Diversification of geographical location Energy Sources II4.3: Engage in multilateral/regional a/ bilateral partnerships and cooperative agreements that contribute to Antigua & Barbuda energy goals and objectives II5: Application of II5.1: Undertake review of new emerging technologies emerging technologies II6.1: Develop transparent and comprehensive policy framework for the electricity sector and or amend existing legislation II6.2: Promote a market based approach and increase II6: Establish policy, competition in the sector enforce laws, regulations and institutions that II6.3: Amend existing legislation and regulations or create equitable and promulgate new ones where necessary to ensure transparent opportunities responsible market behaviour for all stakeholders in the energy sector II6.4: Develop and implement a comprehensive regulatory framework for the energy sector II6.5: Continuously review the existing internal regulatory framework for performance, strengths, weaknesses and lessons learnt while recognising the March 2013 v Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Strategy Strategic intents Policy/Line of Action implications of external dimensions and formulate and implement programmes of regulatory reform II6.6: Review and modify national framework and industry structure for the energy sector towards the achievement of the NEP goals III1: Develop and III1.1: Draft and Implement a public consumer Implement programmes awareness and education program and end-use to influence non-market statistics on energy efficiency awareness behaviour toward and to III1.2: Encourage research development and timely promote efficient use of and efficient implementation of renewable energy energy projects III.2.1: Build Capacity of the Energy Unit in the field of RE and EE III.2.2: Train professional staff in relevant public and private sector Strategy III: III2.3: Systematic inclusion of RE and EE topics in Education and III2: Capacity Building and school curriculum Awareness Training III2.4: RE installers certification programmes III2.5: Energy auditing and management programme III2.6: EE in the transport sector III2.7: Articulation with other programmes and initiatives in the region III3: Undertake public III3.1 Raising public awareness and acceptance information sessions for the general public and III3.2 Identify and promote funding assistance target groups about programs for the public support measures For each line of action proposed the SEAP defines specific measures for its implementation. For details on the measures proposed please consult the Sections 6.2, 7.2, 8.2 and 9.2 of the SEAP. As part of the development of the SEAP, these four strategies (including institutional reform) were subjected to analysis as it relates to: o Timeline for implementation (ranging from 5-20 years); o Priority - Based on the evaluation criteria of: Relevance to the NEP and its goals, Influence to existing and future policies, Impact/Reach, Environmental impact (GHG reduction), Cost Benefit, Feasibility and Synergies with other programmes; o Responsible Agencies to implement and coordinate the actions and measures outlined;. o Outcomes and Indicators as it relates to the 2010 baselines. These criteria have been identified based on requirements expressed in the NEP as the criteria to be used to identify the priorities and timeline for the implementation of each line of action. These have been used to build up the Roadmap for SEAP implementation. The Roadmap for SEAP implementation presented in the figure below highlights the proposed path towards reversing the negative and significant impact that almost exclusive dependency on fossil fuel has on the economy and environment of A&B. vi March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA The implementation of the proposed roadmap (which does not include RE and EE equipment, installation and maintenance) will need investments of approximately EC#$%! &'((')*! +,-./0*! 1,0'22/,*! 3)((,0-4! )5/0! ,! 6/0')7! )8! $9! :/,0-;! </=.')*! >>! 60)5'7/-! ,! 20/,?7)@*! )8! .A/! /-.'&,./7! 2B7C/.!6/0!60)6)-/7!-.0,./C:;!! D)0!.A/!'&6(/&/*.,.')*!)8!.A/!<+EF4!EGH!=,*!-//?!8'*,*='*C!80)&!5,0:'*C!-)B0=/-!@A)!.0,7'.')*,((:! 8B*7!60)I/=.-!@'.A'*!.A/!1,0'22/,*!J/C')*!,*7!<K3<. A description of these sources of financing and its role in the Caribbean regions is provided under the Annex III of the SEAP. With the proposed strategies, lines of actions and measures, A&B will successfully integrate an economic development model which is less carbon intensive and less dependent on fossil fuels. March 2013 vii Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Year: 0 5 10 15 20 Strategy 0: Cross-Cutting Strategy !"#"$%&'()'$)*'$+,'&-.$/,0)$$ 01: Reformulation of the Energy Related Institutional and !"#1$%&'()'$)*'$+,'&-.$ 234056&.$7(,'8$ Organisational Framework !"#9$%&'()'$:,3';',3',)$ <'-=8()6&.$2=)*6&0).$ 02: Finalise and adopt NEP and SEAP !1#"$>0,(805'$(,3$(36;)$?+7$(,3$@+27$0,0A(A4'5$ 0.3: Diversification of !9#"B$+,*(,C'$)*'$C6,)&0D=A6,$6E$)*'$','&-.$5'C)6&$)6$C80F()'$C*(,-'$F0A-(A6,$(,3$(3(;)(A6,$ Energy Sources !9#1B$G'H,'$($E='8$304'&50HC(A6,$5)&()'-.$E6&$)*'$5*6&)I$F'30=F$(,3$86,-$)'&F$(,3$3'4'86;$ ;&06&0A'5$E6&$304'&50HC(A6,$ I.1: Create appropriate structures, instruments :"#"B$+8(D6&()'$','&-.$',3J=5'5$5)(A5AC5$(,3$F6,0)6&0,-$)6685$$ and tools to enable the development and :"#1B$G'H,'$(,3$0F;8'F',)$0,C',A4'5$E6&$)*'$'KC0',)$=5'$6E$','&-.$$ implementation of energy efficiency programmes and :"#9B$G'H,'$)*'$&68'$6E$ 27/2$(,3$6)*'&$F(&L')$ measures (C)6&5$0,$)*'$;&6F6A6,$6E$ ','&-.$'KC0',C.$$ :"#MB$<'405'$'8'C)&0C0).$)(&0N5$)6$5AF=8()'$','&-.$ 'KC0',C.$ I2: Coordinate national Strategy I: EE development energy efficiency programmes with :1#"B$%66&30,()'$,(A6,(8$','&-.$'KC0',C.$;&6-&(FF'5$O0)*$0,)'&,(A6,(8$(,3$&'-06,(8$0,0A(A4'5$$ international and regional initiatives :9#"B$+,'&-.$(=30A,-$(,3$F(,(-'F',)$;&6-&(FF'$ I3: Develop and implement horizontal :9#1B$P=0830,-$C63'5$ energy efficiency measures :9#9B$+,'&-.$'KC0',C.$5)(,3(&35$(,3$8(D'880,-$$ :9#MB$$<';8(C'F',)$6E$','&-.$C6,5=F0,-$'Q=0;F',)$ :9#RB$+,'&-.$'KC0',)$80-*A,-$ :M#"$+,'&-.$'KC0',C.$;&6-&(FF'$0,$)*'$'8'C)&0C0).$5'C)6&$ :M#1B$+,'&-.$'KC0',C.$;&6-&(FF'$0,$)*'$;=D80C$5'C)6&$ I4: Develop and implement targeted sector specific energy :M#9B$+,'&-.$'KC0',C.$;&6-&(FF'$0,$)*'$&'503',A(8$5'C)6&$ efficiency programmes and measures :M#MB$+,'&-.$'KC0',C.$;&6-&(FF'$0,$)*'$)6=&05)$5'C)6&$ :M#RB$+,'&-.$'KC0',C.$;&6-&(FF'$0,$)*'$(-&6J0,3=5)&0(8$5'C)6&$ :M#SB$+,'&-.$'KC0',C.$;&6-&(FF'$0,$)*'$)&(,5;6&)$5'C)6&$$ viii ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Year: 0 5 10 15 20 ::"#"B$7&6403'$:,C',A4'$ II1: Create an enabling ;(CL(-'$)6$30&'C)8.$ env ironment for the 5AF=8()'$&','O(D8'$','&-.$ development of renewable 3';86.F',)$ energy through private ::"#1B$T;',$)*'$F(&L')$E6&$;&04()'$-','&(A6,$6E$<+@$ sector participation '8'C)&0C0).$ implementation of energy efficiency programmes ::"#9B$7&6403'$ and measures 0,C',A4'$ ;(CL(-'$E6&$ =A805(A6,$6E$ C8'(,'&$ )'C*,686-0'5$ 0,$)*'$ )&(,5;6&)$ 5'C)6&$ II.2: Integration of renewable energy in the ::1#"B$2,(8.505$6E$)*'$0F;(C)5$6E$0,)'-&(A6,$6E$&','O(D8'$','&-.$ grid 0,$)*'$-&03$0,0A(A4'5$ ::9#"B$@)&',-)*',$'C6,6F0C$(,3$5C0',AHC$3()($ )*&6=-*$&'56=&C'$(55'55F',)5$6,$)*'$C6=,)&.U5$ ','&-.$&'56=&C'$;6)',A(8$V,(F'8.$O0,3I$568(&$(,3$ O(5)'$)6$','&-.$VWX+YY$$ II.3: Develop appropriate renewable energy ::9#1B$G'4'86;$&','O(D8'$','&-.$304'&50HC(A6,$ sources ;&06&0A'5$VD(5'3$6,$C65)I$'KC0',C.I$',40&6,F',)(8$ C6,503'&(A6,5Y$$ Strategy II: RE Development ::9#9B$7&6F6)'$)*'$=5'$6E$5F(88$&','O(D8'$-','&(A6,$)*&6=-*$)*'$;&63=CA6,$6E$($E(5)$)&(CL$ (;;&64(8$;&6C'55$(,3$D.$5)&'(F80,0,-$)*'$;&6C'3=&'5$(,3$5)(,3(&35$ ::M#"B$7&6F6)'$0,C6&;6&(A6,$6E$D0630'5'8$ II4: Diversification of ::M#1B$G04'&50E.$','&-.$56=&C'5$D.$).;'$(,3$-'6-&(;*0C(8$86C(A6,$$ Energy Sources ::M#9B$+,-(-'$0,$F=8A8()'&(8[&'-06,(8$([$D08()'&(8$;(&),'&5*0;5$ (,3$C66;'&(A4'$(-&''F',)5$)*()$C6,)&0D=)'$)6$2,A-=($\$ P(&D=3($','&-.$-6(85$(,3$6D]'CA4'5$ II5: Application of emerging technologies ::R#"B$/,3'&)(L'$&'40'O$6E$,'O$'F'&-0,-$)'C*,686-0'5$ ::S#"B$G'4'86;$)&(,5;(&',)$ (,3$C6F;&'*',504'$;680C.$ E&(F'O6&L$E6&$)*'$','&-.$ 5'C)6&$(,3$6&$(F',3$ 'Z05A,-$8'-058(A6,$ ::S#1B$7&6F6)'$($F(&L')$D(5'3$(;;&6(C*$(,3$0,C&'(5'$ C6F;'AA6,$0,$)*'$5'C)6&$ ::S#9B$2F',3$'Z05A,-$ 8'-058(A6,$(,3$ &'-=8(A6,5$6&$ ;&6F=8-()'$,'O$6,'5$ II6: Establish policy, O*'&'$,'C'55(&.$)6$ enforce laws, regulations ',5=&'$&'5;6,50D8'$ and institutions that F(&L')$D'*(406=&$ create equitable and ::S#MB$G'4'86;$(,3$ transparent opportunities 0F;8'F',)$($ for all stakeholders in the C6F;&'*',504'$&'-=8()6&.$ energy sector E&(F'O6&L$E6&$)*'$','&-.$ 5'C)6&$ ::S#RB$%6,A,=6=58.$&'40'O$)*'$'Z05A,-$0,)'&,(8$&'-=8()6&.$E&(F'O6&L$E6&$;'&E6&F(,C'I$5)&',-)*5I$ O'(L,'55'5$(,3$8'556,5$8'(&,)$O*08'$&'C6-,050,-$)*'$0F;80C(A6,5$6E$'Z)'&,(8$30F',506,5$(,3$ E6&F=8()'$(,3$0F;8'F',)$;&6-&(FF'5$6E$&'-=8()6&.$&'E6&F$ ::S#SB$<'40'O$(,3$F630E.$ ,(A6,(8$E&(F'O6&L$(,3$ 0,3=5)&.$5)&=C)=&'$E6&$)*'$ ','&-.$5'C)6&$)6O(&35$ )*'$(C*0'4'F',)$6E$)*'$ ?+7$-6(85$ ix Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Year: 0 5 10 15 20 :::"#"B$G&(^$(,3$ III1: Develop and :F;8'F',)$($;=D80C$ Implement programmes to C6,5=F'&$(O(&','55$(,3$ influence market '3=C(A6,$;&6-&(F$(,3$ behaviour toward ',3J=5'$5)(A5AC5$6,$ sustainable energy ','&-.$'KC0',C.$ (promote adoption of (O(&','55$$ renewable energy and the :::"#1B$+,C6=&(-'$&'5'(&C*$3'4'86;F',)$(,3$AF'8.$(,3$ efficient use of energy) 'KC0',)$0F;8'F',)(A6,$6E$&','O(D8'$','&-.$;&6]'C)5$ Strategy III: Education and awareness :::#1#"B$P=083$%(;(C0).$6E$)*'$+,'&-.$/,0)$0,$)*'$H'83$6E$<+$(,3$++$ :::#1#1B$X&(0,$;&6E'5506,(8$5)(N$0,$&'8'4(,)$;=D80C$(,3$;&04()'$5'C)6&$ :::1#9B$@.5)'F(AC$0,C8=506,$6E$<+$(,3$++$)6;0C5$0,$5C*668$C=&&0C=8=F$ III.2: Capacity Building and Training :::1#MB$<+$0,5)(88'&5$C'&AHC(A6,$;&6-&(FF'5$ :::1#RB$+,'&-.$(=30A,-$(,3$F(,(-'F',)$;&6-&(FF'$ :::1#SB$++$0,$)*'$ )&(,5;6&)$5'C)6&$ :::1#_B$2&AC=8(A6,$O0)*$6)*'&$;&6-&(FF'5$(,3$0,0A(A4'5$0,$)*'$ &'-06,$ III3: Undertake public information sessions for :::9#"B$<(050,-$;=D80C$(O(&','55$(,3$(CC';)(,C'$ the general public and target groups about :::9#1B$:3',AE.$(,3$;&6F6)'$E=,30,-$(5505)(,C'$;&6-&(F5$E6&$)*'$;=D80C$$ support measures High Priority Medium Priority Low Priority x ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ABBREVIATIONS A&B Antigua & Barbuda ABIA Antigua & Barbuda Investment Authority APUA Antigua Public Utilities Authority CARICOM Caribbean Community CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp DCA Development Control Authority EC Eastern Caribbean Dollars ECERA Eastern Caribbean Energy Regulatory Authority EE Energy Efficiency EU Europe Gov. Government IPPs Independent Power Producers LED Light-Emitting Diodes MW Megawatt MWh Megawatt-hour NEP National Energy Policy NGO Non-Governmental Organisations PPA Power Purchase Agreement PV Photovoltaics RE Renewable Energy RES Renewable Energy Sources SEAP Sustainable Energy Action Plan UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme US United States of America WTE Waste-to-Energy xi March 2013 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... ii! ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. xi! TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... xii! 1! INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1! 2! OVERALL STRATEGY ........................................................................................ 2! 2.1! Objective(s) and Targets ................................................................... 2! 2.2! Current Framework ......................................................................... 2! Current Framework ......................................................................... 2! 2.3! Organisation and Financial Aspects ....................................................... 5! Responsible Agency (ies) and Stakeholders for the implementation of the SEAP ....................................................................................... 5! Estimated Budget for SEAP Implementation ............................................ 7! 3! SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 8! 4! BASELINE AND BASELINE EMISSIONS ..................................................................... 10! 4.1! Baseline and Baseline Scenario ............................................................ 10! 4.2! Baseline Emission Inventory and Baseline Emission Scenario ......................... 12! 5! EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM THE SEAP ................................................................... 15! 6! STRATEGY 0: General Cross-Cutting Strategy.......................................................... 16! 6.1! Objectives and Targets ..................................................................... 16! 6.2! Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders ........................................................... 16! 6.5! Expected Outcomes from the proposed Lines of Action to be implemented and Indicators to measure implementation progress ............................................ 19! 6.6! Definition of Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Strategy ............................................................................................ 20! 7! STRATEGY 1: ENERGY CONSERVATION & ENERGY EFFICIENCY ...................................... 22! 7.1! Objectives and Targets ..................................................................... 22! 7.2! Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders ........................................................... 22! 7.3! Expected Outcomes from the Lines of Action to be implemented and Indicators to measure implementation progress ................................................. 29! 7.4! Implementation Priorities and Timing for Implementation of the Energy Efficiency Strategy .................................................................................... 32! 8! STRATEGY 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT .................................................... 35! 8.1! Goal and Objectives ........................................................................ 35! 8.2! Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be Implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders ........................................................... 35! (Continued) xii March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (TABLE OF CONTENTS, Continued ) 8.3! Expected Outcomes from the lines of action to be implemented and indicators to measure implementation progress ................................................. 43! 8.4! Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Renewable Energy Development Strategy......................................................... 47! 9! STRATEGY 3: PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS ................................................... 51! 9.1! Goal and Objectives ........................................................................ 51! 9.2! Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be Implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders ........................................................... 51! 9.3! Expected outcomes from the lines of action to be implemented and indicators to measure implementation progress ................................................. 57! 9.4! Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Education and Awareness Strategy .............................................................................. 60! 10! ROADMAP FOR SEAP IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................ 62! 11! ESTIMATED COST AND POTENTIAL SOURCES OF FUNDING .......................................... 65! 11.1! Estimated Cost ............................................................................... 65!

Annex I – Methodology for the definition of the implementation priorities ........................... 66!

Annex II – Estimated figures per measure for each of the four strategies proposed under the SEAP ................................................................................................ 68! Annex III – Potential Sources of Funding .................................................................... 104! xiii Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 1 INTRODUCTION This report presents the proposed Draft for the Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) for Antigua & Barbuda (A&B). The SEAP delineates achievable target quotas for the NEP’s five goals (energy cost reduction, diversification of energy sources, electricity reliability improvement, environmental protection and stimulate new economic opportunities) as well as four strategies (general cross-cutting strategy, energy conservation and energy efficiency, renewable energy development and education and awareness) for achieving these goals. For each of the four strategies outlined, goals and objectives, specific actions to be implemented, responsible agency per each action, appropriate indicators to measure its outputs, level of priority (short, medium or long term), cost and potential sources of funds have been identified. The SEAP is intended to align concrete goals and the strategies to achieve the five guiding pillars of the NEP in order to enable the creation of a stable sustainable and efficient energy sector that fosters the national economic and social development in Antigua & Barbuda. March 2013 1 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 2 OVERALL STRATEGY 2.1 Objective(s) and Targets The SEAP, as defined in the Antigua & Barbuda’s National Energy Policy (NEP) is intended to serve as a roadmap for the energy future in Antigua and Barbuda from 2010 until 2030. The SEAP contains short (1-5 years), medium (5-10 years), and long (10-20 years) term actions designed to enhance the implementation of the policies and goals of Antigua & Barbuda’s NEP. The specific activities contained in the SEAP will foster energy conservation, energy efficiency, and diversification of energy sources, sustainable energy consumption and generation as well as the utilization of renewable energy sources available in Antigua and Barbuda. The SEAP contemplates a traversal general strategy and three specific strategies: • Strategy 0: General Cross-Cutting Strategy • Strategy I: Energy Conservation & Energy Efficiency • Strategy II: Renewable Energy Development • Strategy III: Education and Awareness With the implementation of these strategies A&B expects to reduce in 2020 10% of its overall energy intensity compared to 2010 values and to reduce its dependency on fossil fuels by 10%, as well. 2.2 Current Framework Current Framework In recent years, Antigua & Barbuda has made important strides in its energy policy by drafting and approving their National Energy Policy (NEP) in November 2011. This is the main policy in terms of renewable energy and energy efficiency development. The National Energy Policy document sets out the Government of Antigua & Barbuda’s approach in achieving its vision that: By 2030 Antigua & Barbuda will meet the needs of the present generation while safeguarding the environment and enabling future generations to meet their own energy needs. All citizens and residents will have access to affordable efficient, socially responsible and reliable forms of energy. According to the National Energy Policy of Antigua & Barbuda approved in 2011 (herein referred as NEP 2011), the following five (5) sector priorities for the energy sector have been defined: • Energy Cost Reduction - Targeted efficiency and conservation measures designed to reduce the overall energy intensity of the economy by 10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years. • Diversification of Energy Sources - Reformed market framework and mandated targets to achieve 15% renewable energy in the electricity supply by 2030. • Electricity Reliability Improvement - Regulatory reform designed to protect consumer interest and improve the quality of electricity supply. • Environmental Protection – Laws and regulations which ensure that environmental considerations are an integral part of the energy permit process and in the planning and execution of energy related projects. 2 March 2013 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda • Stimulate new Economic Opportunities – Incentives and market mechanisms to create an enabling environment for private investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency measures, including support for education and training. Particular attention has been provided to the power and transportation sectors, as those are the major consumption sectors in terms of energy. Power Sector According to the NEP 2011, transformation of the electricity supply will involve moving from a total dependence on fossil fuel to a mix of which includes solar, wind and waste to energy. To this end, the government will facilitate resource assessments and pre-feasibility studies to understand the technical challenges, economic feasibility and environmental considerations in relation to deploying these technologies in an Antigua & Barbuda context. Additionally energy conservation and efficiency improvements in supply and demand will be key strategies in achieving the overall objective lowing costs to consumers. A range of policy instruments will be used to stimulate and support investments in new technologies and energy saving measures, including, inter alia, legislative, regulatory and financial incentives. Although APUA will continue to play a key role in the sector, where practicable market mechanisms will be used to achieve higher effectiveness, lower generation costs, lower costs to consumers and increased generation using indigenous energy resources, room is also left open for independent power producers to enter into the generation market as renewable micro-generators (capacity lower than 50kW) or large generators (to substitute generation from existent fossil fuel power plants and to help APUA in achieving its targets) APUA is the state body institution responsible for the power generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity in Antigua and Barbuda. In Antigua & Barbuda, the main energy consumption sectors are the Commercial, Domestic and Government/Public sector. In 2011, these three sectors accounted for 94% of electricity consumed on the country. Figure 2 illustrates consumption in Antigua & Barbuda in 2010 based on information obtained from the Energy Desk. Figure 2: Electricity Consumption by Sector 2010 As Antigua & Barbuda continues to develop, energy demand and as a result, consumption, continues to grow as between 2007 and 2010 electricity consumption increased by approximately 16%. As 3 0 3 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA such, decision makers have realised the increasing importance of drafting and implementing a Sustainable Energy Actin Plan to effectively reduce and manage current energy trends. Transportation The structure of the Antigua & Barbuda economy its heavy reliant on air travel for tourism purposes and has a high level of private vehicle penetration, that contributes to its relatively high energy intensity. Moreover, past Governments policy of shielding consumers from the full cost of fuel at the pumps, has only served to maintain inefficiencies in ground transportation. Recognizing the important role transportation plays in fulfilling the social and economic needs for access, this SEAP contemplated measures and actions within its purposed strategies to diversify the options available to consumers, while ensuring that they are efficient, safe, affordable and environmentally-friendly. Standards relating to fuel efficiency and emissions are to be established, as well as economic measures designed to support more sustainable transportation choices. Government will take a lead role by ensuring the application of efficient vehicles and cleaner fuels within its fleet. The transportation sector in Antigua and Barbuda has not been spared by global fluctuations in the price of fuel as in 2011 the price of gasoline to the consumer increased by 24% between January and December, which is reflected by a dollar value of EC$2.89 or US$1.07. Figure 3: Price of gasoline to the consumer 2011 Between 2005 and 2009, vehicles used for ground transportation increased from 23,930 to 30,525, reflecting an increase of approximately 28% over 5 years, with a large proportion of this increase being attributed to the importation of SUVs and large vehicles which are competitively priced, due to duty waivers and customs incentives, to cars and smaller vehicles. As a result, the NEP focuses on how vehicles are utilized, improving the quality and attractiveness of public transportation and utilizing a combination of fiscal incentives to promote the use of the most efficient technologies. The mechanisms to be put in place to ensure the most efficient use of fuel, as it relates to consumption in the transportation sector, include: • Utilization of vehicles with higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions, proven by periodic tests and emission standards • Compulsory recycling of used oil • Traffic routing systems and traffic patterns 0 4 March 2013 4 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda • More efficient and reliable public transport systems • Support the importation of hybrid, flex-fuel or electric vehicles through waivers and financial incentives • Moderate the use of large, popular vehicles such as SUVs through financial penalties and levies • Utilization of regional bio-fuels • Increased use of cleaner fossil fuels as liquid natural gas (LNG) In addition to the changes in its own consumption patterns, the Ministry of Transport, once institutional capacity has been developed, in conjunction with other government institutions – recognizing that transportation is simply a means to access people and services - will develop and/or promote: • New legislation for emissions; • Regular checks of tire pressure levels to minimize tire rolling; • Reduce the demand for travel while protecting social and economic needs for access; • Improve access by identifying and removing the obstacles to more sustainable choices such as car pooling, walking and cycling; and • Mandatory recycling of used fuel 2.3 Organisation and Financial Aspects Responsible Agency (ies) and Stakeholders for the implementation of the SEAP A reformulation of the institutional framework in place in Antigua & Barbuda is proposed in both NEP and in this plan. In this reformulation it is proposed to create: • An Independent Regulatory Agency • Sustainable Energy Unit (herein referred as Energy Unit); and • Energy Advisory Panel (which would include key members of the public and private sector). From these three agencies, the Energy Unit will be mainly responsible for the implementation and update of the NEP and for the implementation and monitoring of the SEAP, ensuring that the overall objectives of the energy sector reform are achieved in the shortest possible time. The following are the specific responsibilities of the Energy Unit as defined under the NEP: I. Mandating and coordinating studies on energy resources, generation, transformation and marketing in close cooperation with the responsible operating agencies; II. Fostering the development of appropriate legislation for the sectors electricity, transportation, petroleum and gas through a participatory and consultative process with focus on cheaper and more sustainable services; III. Fostering the development and adoption of appropriate energy efficiency standards and programs; IV. Promoting and monitoring power sector demand-side management programs and other programs designed to encourage the purchase and adoption of energy-efficient appliances by final energy users; 5 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA V. Encouraging private sector participation in energy efficiency measures and technologies relevant to Antigua and Barbuda; VI. Organizing energy awareness campaigns and capacity building events and disseminating appropriate information to private and public sector; VII. Cooperating with national and regional NGOs or institutions active in the energy and environmental sector to increase the dialogue and organize dissemination of relevant information or capacity building programs. The Independent Regulatory Agency will be an independent arbiter in all matters relating to the sale of electricity, with the following responsibilities: I. Establishing rules, guidelines and standards which will allow for consistency, predictability and transparency in the regulation of electricity supply in Antigua & Barbuda; II. Setting up electricity tariffs and conducting tariff reviews; III. Cooperating with the Eastern Caribbean Energy Regulatory Authority (ECERA) in all matters related with setting up the electricity tariffs and in the incorporation of rules guidelines and standards necessary for the regulation of the electricity sector; IV. Monitoring performances, developing and helping to implement technical standards for improving performances and tariff incentives if necessary; V. Developing and monitoring data on the electricity sector; VI. Developing a model market structure, licensing terms, and helping to implement fair and transparent rules regarding new investors in electricity generation, especially from renewable energy sources. VII. Developing a framework for sustainable investment in the electricity system by: (i) reviewing and approving the investment plans of the utility, including allowing the utility to recover the prudently incurred costs of their investments in electricity rates; (ii) approving the procurement processes associated with carrying out these plans in order to ensure that the investments deliver the best value for the consumers, with a special emphasis on the procurement of renewable energy resources. VIII.Facilitating the process of formulating and implementing (1) possible renewable energy (RE) targets, (2) utility obligations and procurement rules to purchase electricity from RE sources, (3) mechanisms to recover corresponding costs from consumers, and (4) standard contractual terms for private suppliers of electricity. IX. Upon the request of the Government(s), providing expert advice and input to national policymaking. This could include involvement in consultations to help formulate energy policy goals for the country, responding to the needs for energy security, reliability of electricity supply and energy diversification and providing expert advice on the impacts of policies on consumer electricity prices. X. Responsible for supporting Government’s policy on the supply of electricity for national sustainable development. XI. Responsible for engaging and working with other agencies to promote, protect and enhance a sustainable environment. The Energy Advisory Panel will be responsible for serving as a platform for industry players including inter alia, policy makers, regulator, generators, consultants and NGO’s to meet, discuss and make recommendations on current issues in the energy sector and advise the Government on improvements to the NEP and SEAP. March 2013 6 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Estimated Budget for SEAP Implementation The estimated total budget for the SEAP finalisation and implementation (which does not include RE and EE equipment, installation and maintenance) is approximately EC"#$! %&''&()! *+,-./)! 0+/&11.+)!2(''+/,!(3./!+!#456.+/!-&%.7!</=.')*!>>!60)5'7/-!,!20/,?7)@*!)8!.A/!/-.'&,./7!2B7C/.! 6/0!60)6)-/7!-.0,./C:; 7 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 3 SWOT ANALYSIS Energy is an essential component of development of the nations. A standard tool for strategic analysis commonly used that seeks to identify the main strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats for a given entity, that can range from a nation to a sector to an individual enterprise, is the SWOT analysis. In the analysis of the energy sector of Antigua and Barbuda, the strengths and weaknesses represent the internal assessment of the sector while the opportunities and threats represent the external environment of the sector. This analysis, along with the Country Profile developed under this project, form the basis for the identification of the goal, objectives and the three strategies considered under this SEAP. The goals, objectives and strategies proposed in this document are mean to apply the strengths, address the weaknesses of the sector while capitalizing on the opportunities and mitigating the threats to the sustainable development of the sector. 8 March 2013 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Figure 4: SWOT Analysis of the Energy Sector Strengths Weakness • Existing sources of renewable energy • Total dependency on imported fossil fuels • Commitment by the Government to adopt the (petroleum products) NEP • Lack of an independent regulatory agency and a • Existing Energy Policy (APUA’s Act) Ministry of Energy/Energy Unit • Draft National Energy Policy (NEP) • Lack of indigenous fossil fuel sources • Stakeholder support to move towards a more • High energy bill carbon efficient energy sector • High electricity cost and high electricity tariff • Commitment of the utility in incorporating • Old/aging electricity generation plants renewable energy in the electricity mix • Low efficiency of the electricity system • Strong stakeholder involvement in the • High electricity losses development of the NEP • High energy intensity Internal Analysis • Biofuel power demonstration plant installed • Lack of energy sector action plans and strategies and running • Inefficient energy use in production and consumption throughout the economy • Low level of adaptation to new energy generation technologies • Inefficient and inadequate public transport system • Inefficient road network in rural areas • Inefficient movement of traffic and urban centres • Inefficient use of energy in public buildings, the tourism and domestic sectors • Low awareness and technical capacity on energy efficiency and renewable energy • Lack of energy efficiency standards & labelling • Lack of energy service providers • Lack of policies and mandated to enable the introduction of biofuels and ethanol • Lack of emission standards Opportunities Treats • Existence of affordable technologies to • Volatility of petroleum supply prices exploit natural energy sources • Potential impact of natural hazards on the sector • Favourable relations with energy-rich • Geo-political influences on international energy External Analysis countries in the CARICOM, Caribbean Region supply and demand and other regions • Contribution of GHGs to climate change • International interest in energy investments in • Potential impact of emission and contaminations Antigua & Barbuda • Risk of natural hazards • Ability to yield carbon finance through the Kyoto Protocol • Potential for renewable energy development • Potential for energy conservation & efficiency • Renewable fuel technologies for motor vehicles 9 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 4 BASELINE AND BASELINE EMISSIONS 4.1 "#$%&'(%!#()!"#$%&'(%!*+%(#,'-! Electricity Sector Baseline: Generation and Consumption Antigua & Barbuda is a country that relies almost exclusively on imported fossil fuels for electricity generation, transportation and cooking. This imposes a very bid financial burden for the country as all fuel consumed in the different sectors is imported into the island. In terms of electricity generation, Antigua & Barbuda relies almost exclusively on fossil fuels (diesel and HFO). The electrical installed capacity is approximately 121MW and the production capacity is 105.5MW, according to information from the Energy Desk. In 2009, net generation in Antigua and Barbuda was of 326GWh, derived from fossil fuel generating plants. Besides fossil fuel generation plants, since the end of 2009, there is a small photovoltaic grid- connected pilot project of 3kW installed in Antigua. This small renewable energy facility in the full year of 2010 supplied to the grid 4.8MWh of electricity. Antigua & Barbuda is endowed with renewable energy resources, mostly wind and solar, and these renewable resources have not been exploited yet. Studies indicate 400MW and 27MW potential for wind and solar respectively. Nevertheless, studies need to be carried out to evaluate the useful extent of this technology as well as other resources such as biogas and waste to energy (WTE). In terms of consumption (see Figure 5), from 2001 to 2010 total energy consumption increased by 45%. Between 2001 and 2006 energy consumption increased at an annual average rate of 3.2% and from 2007 until 2010 at an annual average rate of 5.6%. Between 2007 and 2010, electricity demand in Antigua & Barbuda, and consequently consumption increased by approximately 16%, from 200GWh in 2007 to 232GWh in 2010. Figure 5: Electricity Consumption by Sector 2001-2010 0 1 10 March 2013 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda As it can be seen in Figure 5 the main electricity consumption sectors in 2010 were the Commercial (45%), Domestic (38%) and Government/Public sector (11%). From 2010 to 2011, the total consumption in the country in these three sectors increased 2%, from 94% in 2010 to 96% in 2011. Electricity Sector BAU Scenario: Consumption & Production Projections for Antigua & Barbuda’s electricity demand and production for the next 20 years were carried out by Nexant (Nexant, 2010). According to the referred report, the electricity demand in the country is expected to increase by 3.3% per year during the next 20 years1. This will lead to the double of the current demand which is now around 50% of what is expected to be in 2030. In terms of production the same report, projects that net electricity generation in the country is expected to increase annually 3.9%. Figure 6 illustrates the projected net generation forecasted versus the projected demand using the data of the Nexant report (covers the period between 2009 and 2028) extended to 2030 by ITP. According to these projections net energy generation is expected to increase by 117% from 2010 to 2030, compared with 2010 values. This constitutes the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario for the electricity sector until 2030 and takes into account the historic demand and the programmes and policies in place in Antigua & Barbuda. Figure 6: BAU – Projected Energy Generation vs Projected Energy Demand (GWh) Thus to produce the projected energy, additional capacity (apart from the already commissioned power plant in 2011) will need to be installed (see Figure 7). As it can be seen in Figure 7, a total additional capacity of 20MW will need to be added to the country’s installed capacity to face peak load demand and so that the forecasted energy generated can be actually generated. The 1 ITP also made its own forecast for electricity demand (based on the energy consumption data from 2007 to 2010), which yielded similar results as the ones estimated by NEXANT – average growth rate estimated by ITP from 2010 to 2030 was of 2.9%. 11 0 1 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA additional capacity will need to be installed before 2024. If the same path followed until now for installing additional capacity remains fossil fuel generators will be added to the system. Figure 7: BAU – Capacity Installed vs Projected Necessary capacity (left axis) and Necessary Capacity Additions (right axis) 4.2 "#$%&'(%!./'$$'-(!0(1%(2-,3!#()!"#$%&'(%!./'$$'-(!*+%(#,'-! According to the Antigua & Barbuda 2nd Communication to the UNFCCC developed in 2009, in 2000, Antigua & Barbuda registered emissions of 371ktCO2. The main sectors responsible for these emissions were the energy industry and the transport sectors. The table below shows the summary of the CO2 emission in 2000. Table 2: Carbon emissions registered in Antigua & Barbuda in 2000 (2009, UNFCCC) Sector CO2 emission (ktCO2) % Energy Industries 177 47.7% Manufacturing Industries & Construction 0 - Transport (Road) 182 49.1% Commercial/Industrial 5.52 1.49% 12 March 2013 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Sector CO2 emission (ktCO2) % Residential Sector 7.36 1.98% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing (mobile) 0 - Total 371 100% The following figure illustrated the carbon emissions from 1991 to 2009 according to the United Nations Statistics Division. As it can be seen carbon emissions in Antigua & Barbuda have been increasing. The biggest increase was registered from 2000 onward; a 3.3% annual increase was registered between 2000 and 2009. Figure 8: Antigua & Barbuda Carbon Emissions (United Nations Statistics Division, 2012) Carbon Emission BAU Scenario If the same pattern of generation of carbon emissions is maintained, it is expected that between 2009 and 2030, carbon emissions will increase by more than 60% relatively to 2009 values (see Figure 9). The projected carbon emissions were estimated by ITP using the registered carbon emissions data from 2000 to 2009 from the United National Statistics Division (United Nations Statistics Division, 2012). 13 0 1 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Figure 9: BAU: Projected Carbon emission until 2030 (ITP estimates) If the contribution from each sector of activity for carbon emission generation registered in the Antigua & Barbuda 2nd National Communication to the UNFCCC is maintained, the energy industries will be responsible in 2030 for the emission of 358tCO2 and the transport sector for 368tCO2. The other sectors in total will be responsible in 2030 for the emission of 24tCO2. ! 14 March 2013 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 5 .45.67.8!9:75:7*!;<9=!7>.!*.?5! The following table summarises the general expected outputs of the SEAP. Table 3: Expected output of the SEAP Goals Outcomes Implementation of least-cost solutions for the supply of energy, including source, conversion, distribution Implementation of least-cost solutions to reduce energy demand and Energy Cost Reduction consumption Reduction in emissions, effluents and leaks from the energy sector. Increased awareness of and informed behaviour by large and small consumers on energy issues. Identification and development of indigenous non-renewable sources of energy Diversification and Efficient Use of Energy Sources Application of emerging appropriate energy technologies Diversified energy sources by type and locale Modernized, reliable and efficient energy infrastructure and services in productive sectors Electricity Reliability Implementation of appropriate safe and reliable electricity distribution system Internationally competitive industries and firms that apply eco-efficiency and contribute to the creation of a green economy Internationally competitive industries and firms that apply eco-efficiency Environmental Protection and contribute to the creation of a green economy Increased awareness of and informed behaviour by large and small consumers on energy issues. Stimulate New Establishment of policy statements, enforceable laws, regulations and Economic/Business institutions that create equitable and transparent opportunities for all Opportunities stakeholders in the energy sector 15 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 6 *7<?7.@A!BC!@.D.<?E!6<9**F6:770D@!*7<?7.@A! 6.1 Objectives and Targets This cross-cutting strategy intends to address some of the institutional and regulatory barriers identified in Antigua & Barbuda, which are transversal to the proposed specific strategies (Strategy I to III) and necessary to ensure the successful implementation of the NEP and SEAP. Non-existent regulatory agencies and lack of specific attention to the energy sector (energy is a matter that is dealt under the Cabinet of the Prime Ministry by the Government and lack a dedicated specific institution) are among the issues addressed within this strategy. 6.2 Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders The actions/measures identified within this strategy are necessary for the implementation of the three specific strategies (energy efficiency, renewable energy and education and awareness) or are applied to other energy sources which are not renewable. The lines of action defined in Strategy 0 include: • The establishment and reformulation of the energy related institutional framework through the creation of an Independent Regulatory Agency, an Energy Unit and an Energy Advisory Panel; • Finalise and adopt the NEP and SEAP and continuously seek revisions • Analyse the possibility for diversification of energy sources apart from renewable sources of energy. The following strategic map of policies and lines of actions indicate the proposed measures/actions for this strategy as well as identify the responsible agencies and stakeholders for its implementation. 16 March 2013 17 Strategic Map of Policies and Line of Action for the Cross-cutting Strategy Responsible Cross-Cutting Line of Action Measures and Actions Agencies and Strategy Stakeholders 01.1.1 Develop a policy (law) creating the Energy Unit Gov. A&B 01.1.2 Create the Energy Unit and legally allow it to deal with all matters related with the energy sector and to be responsible for policy, regulation and Gov. A&B standard formulation, including updating the NEP and SEAP, between other activities. 01.1.3 Mandate the Energy Unit, by law, to: • Coordinate studies on energy resources, generation, transformation and marketing in close cooperation with the responsible operating agencies; • Foster the development of appropriate legislation for the sectors electricity, transportation, petroleum and gas through a participatory and consultative process with focus on cheaper and more sustainable services; • Foster the development and implementation of renewable energy projects with the assistance of responsible operating agencies e.g. Environment 01: Reformulation 01.1 Create the Division of the Energy Energy Unit • Foster the development and adoption of appropriate energy efficiency Related programs and measures; Gov. A&B Institutional and • Promote and monitor demand-side management programs and other Organisational programs designed to encourage the purchase and adoption of energy- Framework efficient appliances by final energy users; • Encourage private sector participation in energy efficiency measures and technologies and in renewable energy project development relevant to Antigua & Barbuda; • Organize energy awareness campaigns and capacity building events and disseminate appropriate information to private and public sector; • Monitor the implementation of energy efficiency and renewable energy projects 01.1.4 Review on an on-going basis the existing institutional and organisational Energy Unit / Gov. framework for performance, strengths, weakness, and lessons learnt to A&B formulate and implement programmes of legal reforms 01.2 Create the 01.2.1. Create an Energy Advisory Panel composed of industry players (policy Energy Advisory makers, regulator, generators, consultants and NGOs) to meet, discuss and Gov. A&B Panel make recommendations and advice the Energy Unit on improvements of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Responsible Cross-Cutting Line of Action Measures and Actions Agencies and Strategy Stakeholders NEP and SEAP 01.3.1 Create an Independent Regulatory Agency (Regulator) – independent from Gov. A&B 01.3 Create the Government and from the Utility Independent 01.3.2 Empower the regulator with enforcement powers to the improve efficiency Regulatory Agency of the system and compliance with established benchmarks, procedures Gov. A&B and standards Gov. A&B / Energy 02.1.1 Finalise and adopt Antigua & Barbuda NEP Unit / Energy Advisory Panel Gov. A&B / Energy 02: Finalise and 02.1 Finalise and 02.1.2 Finalise and approve Antigua & Barbuda Action Plan Unit / Energy adopt NEP and SEAP adopt NEP and SEAP Advisory Panel Energy Unit / 02.1.3 Revise on an on-going basis both the implementation of the NEP and SEAP Energy Advisory in Antigua & Barbuda Paned 03.1.1 Analyse the possibility and feasibility of introducing natural gas (e.g. Environment 03.1: Enhance the Division/ Energy Liquefied Natural Gas- LNG) to replace current heavy fuel oil for electricity contribution of the Unit / Gov. A&B / generation energy sector to APUA climate change mitigation and 03.1.2 Promote public and private partnerships between public and private to Ministry of Finance adaptation finance and develop energy diversification projects and the Economy/ 0.3: Diversification ABIA/ A&B Gov. of Energy Sources 03.2: Define a fuel 03.2.1 Develop priorities for diversification (in a timely way based on cost, Energy Unit/ Gov. diversification efficiency, environmental consideration and appropriate technologies) A&B strategy for the short, medium and Energy Unit/ Gov. 03.2.2 Develop LNG projects if feasible long term and A&B develop priorities for diversification 03.2.3 Develop legislative framework for natural gas if necessary Gov. A&B 18 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 6.5 Expected Outcomes from the proposed Lines of Action to be implemented and Indicators to measure implementation progress The following table summarises the expected outcomes and indicators to measure these outcomes for each of the line of action proposed under Strategy 0. This will be a tool to be used in monitoring the implementation of the SEAP. Table 4: expected outcomes from the proposed lines of action and indicators to measure the implementation progress NEP Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators • Energy unit created and running. • Number of highly trained • Energy Advisory panel professionals in the EE/RE 01.1 Create the created and running. arena Energy Unit • Contribution to the • Review of the existing reduction and institutional and organisational sustenance of overall framework energy intensity of the • Monitoring report on the Antigua & Barbuda implementation of RE projects 01.2 Create the economy by at least 10% and EE measures Energy Advisory below a 2010 baseline • Overall energy intensity Panel within 10 years. • Independent Regulatory Agency created and running • % of efficiency of the utility -Energy Cost 01.3 Create • Improved efficiency of and grid = number of barrels of Reduction Independent the system and HFO required for electricity Regulatory Agency compliance with generation -Stimulate New established benchmarks, • Overall energy intensity Economic/Business procedures and Opportunities standards -Electricity • Overall energy intensity Reliability • Diversification and Efficient: • RE in the electricity supply -Environmental mix (electricity supply mix Protection at the following minimum • NEP and SEAP for - Diversification levels: 2015-5%, 2020-10%, Antigua & Barbuda and Efficient Use 2030-15%) 02.1 Finalise and published of Energy Sources • Incorporation of other adopt NEP and SEAP • On-going revision of the sources of energy NEP and SEAP • Electricity Reliability: number • NEP goals achieved of hours with blackouts • Environment Protection • Stimulation of new business opportunities: number of new business opportunities 03.1: Enhance the • Fuel stock for the • % of GHG emissions reductions contribution of the transportation and as compared to 2010. energy sector to electricity generation • Number of PPPs climate change sectors diversified mitigation and • % Natural gas in the A&B energy • GHG emissions adaptation mix (if natural gas framework reductions achieved established) • Framework for natural March 2013 19 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA NEP Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators gas established and II3.2: Define a fuel implemented (if diversification necessary) strategy for the short, medium and long term and develop priorities for diversification 6.6 Definition of Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Strategy A methodology based on different criteria was developed to assess the implementation priorities and the timing of implementation of each line of action under each strategy. The methodology is summarised in Annex I. Table 5 illustrate the results of the analysis carried out using the above referred methodology, and indicates the implementation priorities of each line of action for Strategy 0. Table 5: Implementation priorities for Strategy 0 Priority: High, Cross-Cutting Strategy Policy/Line of Action Medium, Low (score) 01: Reformulation of the Energy 01.1 Create the Energy Unit High (36 points) Related Institutional and 01.2 Create the Energy Advisory Panel High (34 points) Organisational Framework 01.3 Create Independent Regulatory Agency High (34 points) 02: Finalise and adopt NEP and 02.1 Finalise and adopt NEP and SEAP High (45 points) SEAP 03.1: Enhance the contribution of the energy sector to climate change mitigation and Medium (26 points) 0.3: Diversification of Energy adaptation Sources 03.2: Define a fuel diversification strategy for the short, medium and long term and develop Medium (30 points) priorities for diversification The indicative timing for the implementation of the lines of action defined under this strategy is shown in Figure 10. 20 March 2013 21 Years Cross-Cutting Strategy Policy/Line of Action 5 10 15 20 Short Medium Long 01: Reformulation of the 01.1 Create the Energy Unit D/I Energy Related Institutional and 01.2 Create the Energy Advisory Panel D/I Organisational Framework 01.3 Create Independent Regulatory Agency D/I 02: Finalise and adopt 02.1 Finalise and adopt NEP and SEAP D/I I I NEP and SEAP initiatives 03.1: Enhance the contribution of the energy sector to climate change mitigation and D D/I I adaptation 0.3: Diversification of Energy Sources 03.2: Define a fuel diversification strategy for the short, medium and long term and develop D D/I I priorities for diversification Legend: D - Development, I - Implementation, C - Continuation Figure 10: Indicative timing for the implementation of the lines of action defined under Strategy 0 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 7 !"#$"%&'()*(%+%#&'(,-+!%#.$"/-+(0(%+%#&'(%11/,/%+,'(( 7.1 Objectives and Targets Within this strategy Antigua & Barbuda intends to address: • High energy intensity index; • Low levels of energy efficiency in the electricity sector; • Low levels of energy efficiency in the energy consuming sectors, in particular the commercial, public, residential, agro-industrial and transport sectors; • Low levels of energy efficiency from building designs, electrical installations and low levels of energy efficiency of end use devices. Antigua & Barbuda’s NEP states the following strategic objectives in terms of energy conservation & energy efficiency (energy cost reduction): • Prepare and implement a systematic plan to reduce and sustain overall energy intensity of the Antigua & Barbuda economy by at least 10% below a 2010 baseline within 10 years (in 2020); • Revise building codes and support energy management programmes in order to reduce consumption at Government and public facilities, industrial plants and other large users by identifying effective measures to control and improve energy efficiency by 30% over 15 years (in 2025); • Introduce legislation and appropriate economic incentives to fast track the mitigation of public and private fossil powered vehicles to low carbon technologies with the aim of improving efficiency in the transportation sector by 40% in 15 years (in 2025); • Establish minimum energy efficiency standards for air conditioning, refrigeration and other appliances as well as differentiated tariff to incentivize efficiency; • Antigua & Barbuda Government being one of the largest energy consumers will assume the lead position as driver of cost reduction initiatives by legislating and implementing cost reduction initiatives with a view to reducing its consumption and costs by 30% in 10 years (2020). • Support energy efficiency choices through improved awareness, information and services that can deliver energy efficiency. 7.2 Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders In order to meet the strategic objectives, specific Programmes, Actions and Measures are proposed to be implemented. The actions and measures proposed either focus on (a) specific sector(s), are cross-sectorial or directed at the creation of an enabling energy use in general: • Map energy end-uses, elaborate and maintain end-use statistics and monitor energy end- uses in the various energy consuming sectors of the economy; • Define and implement incentives and financing options for the efficient use of energy; March 2013 22 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda • Define the role of APUA and other energy sector enterprises in the promotion of energy efficiency; • Revise electricity tariffs to stimulate energy efficiency; • Coordinate energy efficiency programmes, actions and measures with regional initiatives; • Participate in international energy efficiency programmes and initiatives; • Energy auditing and management: train and certify energy auditors and managers and implement energy auditing and management programmes in the public, commercial, industrial and transport sectors; • Building codes: implement energy-related building codes for commercial, public and residential buildings; • Energy efficiency standards & labelling: develop a comprehensive, medium- and long-term strategy for energy efficiency standards & labelling of energy-related products; • Energy efficiency labelling: implement mandatory labelling for energy-related products, in particular household appliances; • Energy efficiency standards: implement mandatory minimum energy efficiency standards for selected energy-related products; • Implement a replacement programme for energy-using equipment, in particular household appliances; • Efficient lighting: implement replacement programmes for inefficient lamps in the public, commercial and residential sectors, phase-out incandescent lamps; • Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the electricity sector, focussing on the development of standards and the reduction of losses in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity; • Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the public sector, focussing on government buildings, vehicles and the procurement of energy-efficient equipment; • Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the residential sector, focussing on advisory services and awareness campaigns; • Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the tourist sector, focussing on energy management and air conditioning systems, in combination with renewable energy; • Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the agro-industrial sector, focussing on the sustainable use of biomass and cogeneration; • Implement a targeted energy efficiency programme in the transport sector, focussing on information, training, import duties, tax incentives, proper vehicle maintenance and the promotion of alternative transport modes and fuels. The following strategic map highlights the strategy, policy actions and measures to be applied under the energy efficiency development strategy as well as indicate the responsible institutions for its implementation. 23 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Strategic Map of Policies and Line of Action for the promotion of EE Strategy for EE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Responsible development Action Agencies and Stakeholders I1: Create I1.1: Elaborate I1.1.1. Develop a study to map energy end-uses in the different energy- Energy Unit / A&B appropriate energy end-uses consuming sectors and to define energy efficiency baselines Gov. structures, statistics and instruments and monitoring tools I1.1.2. Elaborate and maintain energy end-use statistics (database) Energy Unit tools to enable the I1.1.3. Develop and implement appropriate tools to monitor energy end-uses and Energy Unit development and the effects of energy efficiency policies and programmes implementation of energy efficiency I1.2: Define and I1.2.1. Develop a study to identify the most cost-effective financial and fiscal Energy Unit programmes and implement incentives to promote end-use energy efficiency in the various energy measures incentives for the consuming sectors, taking into consideration state budget constraints, efficient use of the availability of public and private funds and credit facilities. Possible energy incentives include: subsidies (grants) and preferential loans to consumers and energy service providers, tax exemptions for investments in energy efficiency and reduced import duties for energy efficient equipment. I1.2.2. Design and implement a medium and long-term incentive scheme to Energy Unit / A&B promote energy efficiency in A&B Gov. I1.3: Define the role I1.3.1. Develop a study to identify and analyse the possible role of APUA and Energy Unit of APUA and other other public and private actors in energy efficiency and demand-side market actors in management programmes. the promotion of energy efficiency I1.3.2. Develop a study to identify and analyse the market for energy services in Energy Unit A&B and the potential role of energy service companies (ESCOs), energy consultants and other service providers. The study should include an assessment of the technical, economic and institutional feasibility of various business models, like energy performance contracting and advisory services. I1.3.3. Develop a study to identify financing options for energy efficiency Energy Unit measures, involving commercial banks and credit unions. I1.4: Revise I1.4.1. Review the tariff structure to take into account incentives for energy Energy Unit electricity tariffs to conservation and energy efficiency 24 25 Strategy for EE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Responsible development Action Agencies and Stakeholders stimulate energy efficiency I1.4.2. Introduce progressive electricity tariffs to encourage energy conservation Energy Unit / A&B and efficiency Gov. I.2: Coordinate I2.1: Coordinate I2.1.1. Participate in relevant international initiatives in the field of energy Energy Unit national energy national energy efficiency (like e.g. the Enlighten Initiative of UNEP) efficiency efficiency programmes with programmes with I2.1.2. Coordinate national programmes and measures in the field of Building Energy Unit international and international and Performance (I3.2.1) and Energy Efficiency Standards and Labelling regional initiatives regional initiatives (I3.3.1) with the corresponding regional programmes on CARICOM and OECS level. Energy Efficiency Standards & Labels should be implemented on a regional level and preferably be aligned with existing international schemes (like the EU energy label or US minimum energy efficiency standards). I2.1.3. Develop a study to identify and analyse how A&B can capitalize on Energy Unit international financing facilities and bilateral financial sources in the field of energy efficiency. I.3: Develop and I3.1: Energy I3.1.1. Implement energy auditing and management programmes in the public, Energy Unit implement auditing and commercial, industrial and transport sectors horizontal energy management efficiency programme measures I3.2: Building codes I3.2.1. Develop and enforce building codes with regard to energy efficiency for all Energy Unit/ DCA/ new construction in A&B (residential, commercial and public buildings). A&B Bureau of Building codes should be developed taking into consideration both Standards international experience and local climatic conditions and should be preferably harmonised with the Regional Building Standards developed by CROSQ. I3.3: Energy I3.3.1. Develop a comprehensive, medium- and long-term strategy for energy Energy Unit/ A&B efficiency standards efficiency standards & labelling (EE S&L) of energy-related products. The Bureau of Standards and labelling strategy should be based on a prioritisation of products (based on market studies) and cost-benefit analyses of alternative and/or complementary instruments, like mandatory energy labelling and minimum energy performance standards (MEPS). The national EE S&L scheme should be harmonised on OECS or CARICOM level and aligned with existing schemes (like the EU labelling scheme and the EU or US minimum energy Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Strategy for EE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Responsible development Action Agencies and Stakeholders performance standards). I3.3.2. Implement mandatory energy labelling for energy-related products, in Energy Unit / A&B particular household appliances, lamps and electric motors. Mandatory Gov. labelling should be implemented with priority for products with a high share in national / sectoral energy consumptions and high-energy conservation potentials. I3.3.3. Implement minimum energy efficiency standards (MEPS) for selected products with a high share in national / sectoral energy consumption and high energy conservation potentials (e.g. refrigeration and cooling equipment) I3.4: Replacement I3.4.1. Design and implement an replacement programme for energy using Energy Unit / A&B of energy equipment, in particular household appliances, providing incentives to Gov. consuming consumers and safeguarding environmentally sound decommissioning and equipment disposal of the equipment replaced. I3.5: Energy I3.5.1. Phase-out incandescent lamps, using regulatory instruments (prohibition to Energy Unit / A&B efficient lighting put on the market or minimum energy efficiency standards). Gov. I3.5.2. Promote CFL and/or LED-lamps, using information campaigns and/or Energy Unit incentives to consumers in the residential and commercial sectors. I4: Develop and I4.1 Energy I4.1.1. Develop a study to identify inefficiencies and losses in the generation, Energy Unit / APUA implement efficiency in the transmission and distribution of electricity (technical and non-technical targeted sector electricity sector losses). specific energy Gov. A&B/ efficiency I4.1.2. Establish minimum efficiency standards for electricity generation, Independent programmes and transmission and distribution. Regulatory Agency measures I4.1.3. Develop and implement an electricity loss reduction programme. Gov. A&B/ APUA I4.2: Energy I4.2.1. Develop and implement a programme to refurbish A&B Government Energy Unit / A&B efficiency buildings, including measures like: energy auditing and management, Gov. programme in the efficient lighting and air conditioning, improvement of building public sector envelope, in combination with the use of renewable energy (e.g. for water heating). I4.2.2. Develop and implement a programme for the mandatory procurement of Energy Unit / A&B 26 27 Strategy for EE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Responsible development Action Agencies and Stakeholders energy efficient and environmentally friendly equipment and materials Gov. by the public sector. Energy consuming products should correspond to the highest energy efficiency class defined in energy labels and to internationally recognized endorsement marks (like Energy Star®). I4.2.3. Develop and implement a programme for improved energy efficiency of A&B Gov. Government-owned vehicles, including proper maintenance, training of drivers and the mandatory purchase of fuel-efficient vehicles. I4.3: Energy I4.3.1. Provide advisory services to homeowners and tenants with regard to energy Energy Unit / efficiency conservation and energy efficiency options in homes. The advisory Certified Energy programme in the services should be provided by trained and certified energy auditors from Auditors residential sector the private or public sectors (including the energy sector) and should be supported by appropriate Government incentives. I4.4: Energy I4.4.1. Develop and implement an energy efficiency programme for the tourist Tourism Sector / efficiency sector, focussing on the hotel and catering industry, including measures Energy Unit programme in the like: energy auditing and management, efficient lighting, air tourist sector conditioning and water heating, improvement of building envelope, in combination with the use of renewable energy (e.g. for water heating) and the promotion of small-scale cogeneration. I4.4.2. Conclude voluntary agreements between the A&B Government and the Tourism Sector / A&B tourist sector regarding the purchase of energy efficient and Government environmentally friendly equipment and materials. I4.4.3. Conclude a voluntary agreement between the A&B Government and the Tourism Sector / A&B tourist sector regarding energy efficiency targets, reporting and Government/ Energy monitoring of the targets. Unit I4.5: Energy I.4.5.1. Develop and implement an energy efficiency programme for the agro- Agro-industrial sector efficiency industrial sector including measures like: energy auditing and / Energy Unit programme in the management, efficient horizontal and process technologies, including agro-industrial the refurbishment of industrial plants. Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Strategy for EE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Responsible development Action Agencies and Stakeholders sector2 I.4.5.2. Develop a study regarding the potential of the use of biomass (like eg. Energy Unit sugarcane bagasse) for on-site combined heat and power generation (cogeneration) in agro-industrial enterprises. I.4.5.3. Facilitate on-site combined heat and power generation and the supply of Independent surplus electricity to the public grid by appropriate adjustments to the Regulatory Agency / Public Utilities Act. APUA I4.6: Energy I.4.6.1. Develop an energy efficiency programme for the transport sector, Transport Sector / efficiency focussing on public transport and on private vehicles, including measures Energy Unit programme in the like training, improved maintenance, fiscal measures and import taxes. transport sector I.4.6.2. Review the vehicle tax system in order to discourage ownership and use of A&B Gov. large, energy intensive cars. I.4.6.3. Review import duties in order to discourage the imports of large, energy A&B Gov. intensive cars and to encourage the imports of energy efficient cars. I.4.6.4. Develop a study to identify the potential benefits of energy labelling and A&B Gov./ A&B minimum fuel efficiency standards of cars in A&B. Bureau of Standards 28 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 7.3 Expected Outcomes from the Lines of Action to be implemented and Indicators to measure implementation progress The following table summarises the expected outcomes and indicators to measure these outcomes for each of the line of action proposed under Strategy I. This will be a tool to be used in monitoring the implementation of the SEAP. Table 6: Expected outcomes from the proposed lines of action and indicators to measure the implementation progress Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators I1.1: Elaborate • Statistics on energy • End-use database available to Energy Cost energy end-uses end-uses (database) decision makers and the Reduction statistics and developed and public monitoring tools continuously updated • Study on financial and fiscal incentives for EE completed • % of increase in the uptake of • Medium and long-term EE measures/appliances; Energy Cost I1.2: Define and incentive scheme to Reduction implement • Number of people/activities promote energy incentives for the using the fiscal and financial Stimulate New efficiency in A&B efficient use of incentive for EE; Economic/Business established and energy • Number of energy efficient Opportunities operational equipment imported • Increased importation of energy efficient equipment • Study on the role of APUA in terms of EE • Number and turnover of completed established energy service I1.3: Define the • Study on the role of providers in A&B, associated Electricity role of APUA and ESCOs in A&B energy savings Reliability other market completed • Number of DSM interventions Stimulate New actors in the • Study on the financing by APUA and energy savings Economic/Business promotion of options for EE realised Opportunities energy efficiency completed • Number of banks / credit • Increased no. of ESCOs institutes with financing in the Renewable options for EE Energy businesses(?) Energy Cost I1.4: Revise • Revision of the Reduction electricity tariffs electricity tariff to • Revised tariff structure to stimulate incorporate EE energy efficiency Energy Cost I2.1: Coordinate • National EE national energy • Number of regional and Reduction programmes efficiency international initiatives / coordinated with Stimulate New programmes with programmes in which A&B has international and Economic/Business international and participated regional initiatives Opportunities regional initiatives I3.1: Energy • Increased local capacity • Number of certified EE Energy Cost in the management and auditors auditing and Reduction monitoring of EE • Number of energy audits management March 2013 29 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators programme • Energy audit standards performed Electricity implemented • Energy savings reported Reliability • Increased number of Stimulate New certified energy Economic/Business auditors Opportunities Energy Cost • Number of buildings licenced • Building codes revised Reduction I3.2: Building that comply with EE measures to incorporate EE codes mandated by building codes -Environmental requirements • Energy savings achieved Protection • EE standards and • % of increase in the uptake of labelling systems Energy Cost I3.3: Energy energy efficientappliances; implemented Reduction efficiency • Number of EE labelled • Minimum energy standards and products (types of products Environmental efficiency standards labelling and compliance rates) Protection (MEPS) for selected • Energy savings achieved products Energy Cost • % of increase in the uptake of Reduction EE measures/appliances; I3.4: Replacement • Replacement Environmental • Number of replaced of energy programme established Protection equipment’s through the consuming and operational replacement programme; Stimulate New equipment increase in EE Economic/Business • Energy savings achieved Opportunities Energy Cost Reduction Environmental • Incandescent lamps • Number of non-efficient I3.5: Energy phased outand replace incandescent lamps replaced Protection efficient lighting by CFls and LED lamps by CFLs and/or LED-Lamps Stimulate New Economic/Business Opportunities • Reduction of fuel demand of electricity generation plants in A&B • Reduction of energy Energy Cost losses in electricity Reduction generation, transmission and Electricity distribution • Electricity savings achieved Reliability I4.1 Energy consumption on the • Fuel savings barrel Environmental efficiency in the electricity sector • % of loss reductions Protection electricity sector • Minimum efficiency • overall energy intensity standards for electricity Stimulate New generation, Economic/Business transmission and Opportunities distribution established • Electricity loss reduction programme established • Reduction of the overall March 2013 30 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators energy intensity (at least 10% below 2010 baseline) • Reduction of energy consumption in the public sector • Programme to refurbish existing A&B Government buildings • Reduction of the consumption and costs in government buildings • Energy savings achieved in the (30% below 2010 public sector / Government baseline) buildings I4.2: Energy • Programme for the • Number of EE devices Energy Cost efficiency mandatory procurement imported Reduction programme in the of energy efficient and • Number of energy efficient public sector environmentally Government-owned vehicles friendly equipment and running materials by the public • Overall energy intensity sector implemented and operational • Programme for improved energy efficiency of Government-owned vehicles implemented and operational • Advisory services for homeowners and I4.3: Energy tenants established and • Energy savings achieved in the Energy Cost efficiency running residential sector Reduction programme in the • Reduction of energy • Overall energy intensity residential sector consumption in the domestic sector • Energy efficiency programme for the tourist sector, focussing on the hotel and catering industry • Energy savings achieved in the established and tourism sector I4.4: Energy implemented • Number of establishments Energy Cost efficiency • Voluntary agreements (hotels etc.) participating in Reduction programme in the between the A&B voluntary agreement between tourist sector Government and the the Government and the tourist sector regarding Tourism sector the purchase of energy • Overall energy intensity efficient and environmentally friendly equipment and materials I4.5: Energy • Energy efficiency • Number of CHP projects Energy Cost efficiency programme for the • Electricity supplied by CHP Reduction programme in the agro-industrial sector • Energy savings achieved in the agro-industrial established and agro-industrial sector 31 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators sector implemented • Overall energy intensity • Study regarding the potential of the use of biomass (like eg. sugarcane bagasse) for on-site combined heat and power generation (cogeneration) in agro- industrial enterprises developed and concluded. • Generation of electricity from CHP • Energy efficiency programme for the transport sector developed and implemented • New vehicle tax system I4.6: Energy in force Energy Cost efficiency • Number of fuel efficient cars • Import duties for cars Reduction programme in the • Overall energy intensity revised and in force transport sector • Study to identify the potential benefits of energy labelling and minimum fuel efficiency standards of cars in A&B developed Note: The agro-industrial sector of A&B, in particular the sugar industry, appears to be declining. It therefore still needs to be verified how many (if any) process industries could be included in line of action I4.5 (light industry will be covered under line of action I3.1). 7.4 Implementation Priorities and Timing for Implementation of the Energy Efficiency Strategy The implementation priorities of each line of action for Strategy I: Energy Efficiency is provided in Table 7 and the indicative timing for its implementation in Figure 11. Table 7: Implementation priorities for Strategy I Priority: High, Strategy for EE development Policy/Line of Action Medium, Low (score) I1.1: Elaborate energy end-uses statistics and I.1: Create appropriate High (34 points) monitoring tools structures, instruments and I1.2: Define and implement incentives for the tools to enable the High (34 points) efficient use of energy development and implementation of energy I1.3: Define the role of APUA and other market High (37 points) actors in the promotion of energy efficiency efficiency programmes and measures I1.4: Revise electricity tariffs to stimulate energy Medium (31 points) efficiency March 2013 32 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Priority: High, Strategy for EE development Policy/Line of Action Medium, Low (score) I.2: Coordinate national I2.1: Coordinate national energy efficiency energy efficiency programmes programmes with international and regional High (36 points) with international and regional initiatives initiatives I3.1: Energy auditing and management programme High (35 points) I3.2: Building codes Medium (31 points) I.3: Develop and implement I3.3: Energy efficiency standards and labelling Medium (31 points) horizontal energy efficiency measures I3.4: Replacement of energy consuming equipment Medium (33 points) I3.5: Energy efficient lighting Medium (33 points) I4.1: Energy efficiency programme in the Medium (28 points) electricity sector I4.2: Energy efficiency programme in the public Medium (31 points) sector I.4: Develop and implement I4.3: Energy efficiency programme in the Medium (30 points) targeted sector specific energy residential sector efficiency programmes and I4.4: Energy efficiency programme in the tourist Medium (32 points) measures sector I4.5: Energy efficiency programme in the agro- Medium (28 points) industrial sector I4.6: Energy efficiency programme in the transport Medium (28 points) sector 33 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Years Strategy for EE Policy/Line of Action 5 10 15 20 development Short Medium Long I1: Create appropriate I1.1: Elaborate energy end-uses statistics and monitoring D I C structures, instruments tools and tools to enable the I1.2: Define and implement incentives for the efficient use of D I C development and energy implementation of I1.3: Define the role of APUA and other market actors in the energy efficiency D promotion of energy efficiency programmes and I1.4: Revise electricity tariffs to stimulate energy efficiency D I measures I2: Coordinate national energy efficiency I2.1: Coordinate national energy efficiency programmes with programmes with I I I international and regional initiatives international and regional initiatives I3.1: Energy auditing and management programme D/I I C I3: Develop and I3.2: Building codes D I C implement horizontal I3.3: Energy efficiency standards and labelling D I C energy efficiency measures I3.4: Replacement of energy consuming equipment D I I3.5: Energy efficient lighting D/I I C I4.1 Energy efficiency programme in the electricity sector D/I C I4.2: Energy efficiency programme in the public sector D/I I C I4: Develop and implement targeted I4.3: Energy efficiency programme in the residential sector D/I C sector specific energy I4.4: Energy efficiency programme in the tourist sector D/I I C efficiency programmes and measures I4.5: Energy efficiency programme in the agro-industrial D/I C sector I4.6: Energy efficiency programme in the transport sector D/I C Legend: D - Development, I - Implementation, C – Continuation Figure 11: Indicative timing for the implementation of Strategy I 34 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 8 STRATEGY 2: RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 8.1 Goal and Objectives Within this strategy Antigua & Barbuda intend to address: • High dependency on imported petroleum (fossil fuels); • Lack of know indigenous fossil fuel sources; • High energy import bill • High electricity costs • Lack of detailed data for determining renewable energy projects • Lack of renewable energy projects • Inexistent independent regulatory agencies Antigua & Barbuda’s NEP state the following strategic objectives in terms of diversification and efficient use of energy sources: • Encourage the adoption of applicable renewable energy technologies and a market framework that encourages companies and individuals to invest in them • The utility to include renewable energy in the electricity supply mix at the following minimum standards: 2015: 5%; 2020: 10% and 2030: 15%. • Provide an enabling legal and regulatory framework for the deployment of RE technologies with particular emphasis on wind, solar and waste to energy. 8.2 Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be Implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders The following strategic map highlights the strategy, policy actions and measurements to be applied under the renewable energy development strategy. March 2013 35 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Strategic Map of Policies and Line of Action for the promotion of RE Responsible Strategy for RE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Agencies and development Action Stakeholders II1.1.1. Develop a study to analyse and identify the main financial and non- financial instruments for stimulating RE deployment (for example: quota system or feed-in tariff). With the results of this study develop and Ministry of Finance introduce a comprehensive and transparent package of incentives for the and the Economy/ deployment and use of renewable energy- This package should include the ABIA/Energy Unit/ options of mandate quota systems or feed-in-tariff (most viable option for Gov. A&B A&B as decided per the study) as well as other financial and non-financial instruments identified. II1.1: Provide Ministry of Finance Incentive package II1.1.2. Develop a study to identify innovative approaches for the establishment of and the Economy/ to directly sustainable structures and financial mechanism for RE ABIA/Energy Unit stimulate II1: Create an renewable energy II1.1.3. Develop a study to identify and analyse how Antigua & Barbuda can Ministry of Finance enabling deployment capitalize on international financing facilities and bilateral financial and the Economy/ environment for sources ABIA the development of renewable energy Ministry of Finance II1.1.4. Facilitate sourcing of low cost development funds for productive through private and the Economy/ enterprises for energy technology projects sector participation ABIA/ A&B Gov. Ministry of Finance II1.1.5. Provide appropriate incentives for the installation of solar water heaters at and the Economy/ the residential and tourism sectors ABIA/ A&B Gov. II1.2.1. Review the existing licencing policy and define a clear, transparent and Energy Unit, ECERA, II1.2: Open the simplified process for requesting/approving licences for RE facilities Ministry of Public market for private (including distributed generation) Utilities, APUA generation of RES electricity II1.2.2. Mandate the Utility to accept all RES produced from licenced IPPs through Independent the establishment of ‘standard’ PPAs Regulatory Agency II1.3: Provide II1.3.1. Introduce an incentive package to promote the utilisation of hybrid Ministry of Finance incentive package vehicles and fuel-efficient vehicles with lower emissions and the Economy/ 36 37 Responsible Strategy for RE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Agencies and development Action Stakeholders for utilisation of Ministry of cleaner Transport/ A&B technologies in the Transport Board transport sector II1.3.2. Provide incentives for the utilisation of regional bio-fuels Gov. A&B II2.1: Analysis of II.2: Integration of the impacts of APUA, Ministry of renewable energy integration of II2.1.2: Study on the impact of incorporation of RES in the grid (grid stability) Public Utilities in the grid renewable energy in the grid II3.1.1. Carry out resource assessments and feasibility studies on the potentials of technologies to generate energy from renewable sources. This includes, but will not be limited to: • Wind Power; Energy Unit/APUA/ • Solar Power • Biomass and WTE II3.1: Strengthen economic and These assessments should be repeated every 5 to 7 years scientific data II3.1.2. Develop an inventory of all potential renewable energy resources ranked by through resource Energy Unit its cost and full economical impact assessments on the II.3: Develop country’s energy II3.1.3. Identify local sites for the development of renewable energy (areas with appropriate resource potential high renewable energy potential) and reserve these for specific Energy Unit / DCA renewable energy (namely wind, solar development – Renewable Energy Development Areas sources and waste to energy (WTE)) II3.1.4. Develop criteria for project selection that are aligned with Government Energy Unit / Gov. goals and objectives A&B II3.1.5. Identify and develop renewable energy demonstration projects Energy Unit II3.1.6. Analysis of regional Inter-Island connections and the potential utilisation of Energy Unit / ECERA natural resources abundant in neighbouring countries II3.2: Develop Energy Unit/ Ministry renewable energy II3.2.1. Prioritize renewable energy sources by economic feasibility criteria, of Finance and the diversification environmental considerations including carbon abatement Economy/ priorities (based on Environment Division Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Responsible Strategy for RE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Agencies and development Action Stakeholders cost, efficiency, Energy Unit/ Ministry environmental considerations) of Finance and the Economy/ II3.2.2. Introduce incentives and a plan of action to foster renewable energy (wind, Environment solar, WTE and other renewable technologies) Division/ National Solid Waste Management Authority II3.2.3. Develop solar power projects (PV grid-tied and distributed, solar thermal concentrators, PV hybrid and stand-alone systems for homeowners and Energy Unit small business) II3.2.4. Promote the production of biofuel and make the necessary studies to Energy Unit/ analyse the national/regional supply of feed stock for expansion of the Environmental already existent unit Division II3.2.5. Mandate that all new hot water installations in public buildings should be Gov. A&B / DCA solar based National Solid Waste II3.2.6. Study the possibility of implementing equipment for using methane (bio- Management gas) produced from the landfill and waste water treatment plants Authority National Solid Waste II3.2.7. Encourage the production of biogas from public sewage systems Management Authority National Solid Waste II3.2.8. Promote the efficient conversion of WTE from solid waste disposal sites Management Authority II3.3: Promote the Ministry of Finance use of small II3.3.1. Develop procedures and a package of incentives to ensure that renewable and the Economy/ renewable energy plants with capacity lower than 15MW can be built on a simplified DCA/ Ministry of generation through procedure Public Utilities/ A&B the production of a Bureau of Standards fast track approval process and by II3.3.2. Support research in renewable energy and provide financing for pilot Energy Unit / Gov. 38 39 Responsible Strategy for RE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Agencies and development Action Stakeholders streamlining the demonstration projects A&B procedures and standards II4.1: Promote Energy Unit/ Ministry II4.1.1. Promote biodiesel and ethanol substitution in transport sector incorporation of of Transport/WIOC biodiesel II4.1.2. Mandate West Indies Oil to accept and start supplying biodiesel Gov. A&B Energy Unit/ II4.2.1. Establish and use appropriate procurement guidelines to secure best terms II4.2: Diversify Independent and conditions for long-term contracts for energy supply energy sources by Regulatory Agency type and Energy Unit/ geographical II4.2.2. Continuously monitor and revise existing regulations to make provisions Independent location that ensure that adequate inventory levels to cushion any short-term Regulatory Agency/ disruption in supply APUA II4: Diversification II4.3.1. Align the NEP with foreign policy Energy Unit of Energy Sources II4.3: Engage in II4.3.2. Ensure that funds retained under regional and international accords and multilateral/region programmes are used to meet the goals and objectives of the accords and Energy Unit al a/ bilateral programmes partnerships and II4.3.3. Identify multilateral/regional/bilateral partnerships and cooperative cooperative Energy Unit agreements and compile a register of those agreements that contribute to II4.3.4. Continuously identify multilateral/regional/bilateral partnership and Antigua & Barbuda possible cooperative agreements that can be established and update the Energy Unit energy goals and registry objectives II4.3.5. Research and review relevant publications on energy applications and Energy Unit benchmark against existing technologies II5.1: Undertake II5: Application of review of new emerging II5.1.1. Develop and prepare (bi-annual) reports on new and emerging technologies Energy Unit emerging technologies technologies II6: Establish policy, II6.1: Develop II6.1.1. Study the necessity and develop and promulgate a policy for Carbon Environmental enforce laws, transparent and Emission Trading Division Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Responsible Strategy for RE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Agencies and development Action Stakeholders regulations and comprehensive II6.1.2. Develop a new Power Sector Policy and Strategy so that: institutions that policy framework create equitable for the electricity • Highlights how the utility will achieve the RE targets in the electricity and transparent sector and or supply mix (it should clearly highlight the role on IPPs in the Gov. A&B/APUA/ opportunities for all amend existing achievement of its targets) Independent stakeholders in the legislation • Identify the process for IPPs to request licences to the Utility for grid Regulatory Agency energy sector connection • It shows that it is obliged to accept all electricity generated from renewable energy sources II6.1.3. Review Land Planning Policy to include reserved areas for the development DCA / Gov. A&B of renewable energies (Renewable Energy Development Areas – REDA) II6.1.4. Review the current National Solid Waste Management to: National Solid Waste • allow for recycling development and electricity generation from solid Management waste residues (WTE) and methane; Authority / Gov. A&B • to include punitive measures to reduce illegal dumping and litter Ministry of II6.1.5. Review related policies for other sectors including transport and tourism Transport/ Ministry and make recommendations to harmonise with the energy policy of Tourism / Gov. A&B II6.1.6. Develop and operate monitoring and evaluation of energy policy Energy Unit implementation II6.1.7. Conduct periodic policy reviews and use the findings to update, refine and Energy Unit / Gov. develop new policy initiatives A&B Energy Unit / II6.1.8. Establish requirements for new electricity generating plans (over a Independent minimum scale of 1MW) to be approved by a regulator Regulatory Agency II6.1.9. Conduct net metering and tariff reviews and introduce appropriate Independent mechanisms for net metering and standards to encourage the development Regulatory Agency / of renewable energy ECERA Independent II6.1.10. Review the tariff structure to take into account the impact of the Regulatory Agency / incorporation of RES ECERA 40 41 Responsible Strategy for RE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Agencies and development Action Stakeholders II6.2: Promote a Independent II6.2.1. Cooperate with East Caribbean Energy Regulatory Authority) in setting up market based Regulatory Agency / the new tariff structure approach and ECERA increase competition in the II6.2.2. Analyse and rationalise the number of existing Acts governing the Gov. A&B / Energy sector sustainable development of the country Unit II6.3: Amend existing legislation and regulations or II6.3.1. Review on an on-going basis the existing legal framework for performance, promulgate new strengths, weakness, and lessons learnt to formulate and implement Energy Unit ones where programmes of legal reforms necessary to ensure responsible market behaviour Energy Unit / Energy II6.4.1. Develop the necessary framework for the introduction of diversification Advisory Panel / Gov. fuels II6.4: Develop and A&B implement a comprehensive Energy Unit / regulatory II6.4.2. Monitor and regulate procurement and pricing of energy products Independent framework for the Regulatory Agency energy sector II6.4.3. Conduct regulatory impact assessment of relevant existing legislation Energy Unit II6.4.4. Conduct regulatory impact assessment of proposed regulations Energy Unit II6.5: Continuously II6.5.1. Ensure that the implemented internal regulatory framework conforms with Environmental review the existing requirements of international agreements and protocols (such as the Division internal regulatory UNFCCC, Kyoto protocol and other bilateral and international agreements) framework for performance, II6.5.2. Adopt and adapt relevant agreed international best practices in regulations Gov. A&B strengths, II6.5.3. Develop institutional frameworks to coordinate policy with energy weaknesses and Gov. A&B/ Energy initiatives and programmes and provide integrated monitoring and lessons learnt while Unit enforcement of regulations and standards recognising the implications of II6.5.4. Assess institutions and determine if there is efficient interactions, Gov. A&B Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Responsible Strategy for RE Policy/Line of Measures and Actions Agencies and development Action Stakeholders external dimensions adequate resources and skills sets to achieve policy and regulation and formulate and implementation and to assure monitoring implement programmes of regulatory reform II6.6: Review and modify national framework and industry structure II6.6.1. Identify industry structures that best facilitate the implementation of achievement of the NEP and other policies objectives Energy Unit for the energy sector towards the achievement of the NEP goals 42 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 8.3 Expected Outcomes from the lines of action to be implemented and indicators to measure implementation progress The following table summarises the expected outcomes and indicators to measure these outcomes for each of the line of action proposed under Strategy II. This will be a tool to be used in monitoring the implementation of the SEAP. Table 8: Expected outcomes from the proposed lines of action and indicators to measure the implementation progress Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators • Study to analyse and identify the main financial and non- financial instruments for stimulating RE deployment developed • Number of RE projects • Study to identify developed Energy Cost innovative approaches • Overall energy intensity (10% Reduction for the establishment of below a 2010 baseline within II1.1: Provide sustainable structures 10 years) Stimulate New Incentive package and financial Economic/Busines to directly mechanism for RE • % RE in the electricity supply s Opportunities stimulate developed mix at the following minimum renewable energy • Study to identify and levels: Diversification and deployment analyse how Antigua & Efficient Use of • 2015 5% Barbuda can capitalize Energy Sources on international • 2020 10% financing facilities and • 2030 15% bilateral financial sources developed • Incentive package for RE developed and implemented Energy Cost Reduction • Number of RE facilities Diversification and licenced II1.2: Open the • Licencing process for RE Efficient Use of • Time required to licence a RE market for private facilities revised Energy Sources facility generation of RES • Market open to other • Number of RE IPPs generating Stimulate New electricity players (RE IPPs) electricity Economic/Business • Number of PPAs established Opportunities • Incentive package to Diversification and II1.3: Provide promote the utilisation Efficient Use of incentive package • Number of hybrid vehicles and of hybrid vehicles and Energy Sources for utilisation of fuel efficient vehicles in A&B fuel-efficient vehicles cleaner • % of biodiesel used in the Stimulate New with lower emissions technologies in the transport sector Economic/Business implemented Opportunities transport sector • Regional bio-fuels March 2013 43 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators incorporated in the fuel Environmental supply Protection • Study of the impact of incorporation of RES in the grid (grid stability) done • Grid is upgraded / II2.1: Analysis of stable enough to handle • Electricity Reliability: Energy Cost the impacts of Renewable energy number of hours with Reduction penetration blackouts integration of Electricity renewable energy • Reduction of number • Time required for recover Reliability in the grid and duration of from blackouts operational disturbances • Faster recovery from disruptions to the energy supply. • Assessment of the RE resources and available potential to be exploited developed Energy Cost II3.1: Strengthen and compiles into an Reduction inventory economic and • Potential RE capacity to be Diversification and scientific data • Renewable Energy installed Efficient Use of through resource Development Areas • RE capacity Installed Energy Sources assessments on the identified • %RE incorporated into the grid country’s energy • RE demonstration Stimulate New • Number of RE demonstration resource potential projects developed Economic/Business project developed (namely wind, • Analysis of the regional Opportunities Inter-Island connections • Overall energy intensity solar and waste to Environmental energy (WTE)) and the potential Protection utilisation of natural resources abundant in neighbouring countries • Reduced GHG emissions • Plan to foster RE implementation • Increased the development of solar projects Energy Cost • Increased production of • RE capacity Installed Reduction biofuels • %RE incorporated into the grid Diversification and II3.2: Develop • Increased installation of • Number and capacity of PV Efficient Use of renewable energy solar water heaters; projects implemented Energy Sources diversification • Study the possibility of • Quantity of biofuel produced priorities (based implementing • Capacity of biogas (landfill Stimulate New on cost, efficiency, equipment for using and waste-water treatment Economic/Business environmental methane (bio-gas) plants) production plants Opportunities considerations) produced from the • Electricity generated from Environmental landfill and waste biogas production plants Protection water treatment plants developed • Increased development of biogas facilities • Stimulation of E-10 44 March 2013 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators program • Reduced GHG emissions II3.3: Promote the use of small • Procedures and a Diversification and renewable package of incentives Efficient Use of generation through to ensure that • Small scale (smaller than Energy Sources the production of a renewable energy 15MW) RE capacity Installed fast track approval plants with capacity Stimulate New • Electricity generated from RE process and by lower than 15MW can Economic/Business streamlining the be built on a simplified Opportunities procedures and procedure developed standards Energy Cost Reduction • Reduction of fossil fuel • % of fuel substituted by Diversification and used in the transport biodiesel and ethanol Efficient Use of sector II4.1: Promote • % of RE used for transport Energy Sources • Agreements between incorporation of West Indies Oil and • Number of agreements Stimulate New biodiesel established between biodiesel biodiesel and ethanol Economic/Business and ethanol producers with producers established Opportunities West Indies Oil • Reduced GHG emissions Environmental Protection Electricity Reliability • Procurement Guidelines II4.2: Diversify to secure best terms Diversification and and conditions for long- energy sources by Efficient Use of term contracts for type and Energy Sources energy supply geographical Stimulate New location developed and Economic/Business implemented Opportunities • Funds retained under regional and II4.3: Engage in international accords • Quantity of regional and multilateral/region and programmes used international funding used to al a/ bilateral to meet the goals and meet the goals and objectives partnerships and objectives of the of the programmes defined Energy Cost cooperative accords and under the SEAP Reduction agreements that programmes • Number of contribute to • Multilateral/regional/bi Multilateral/regional/bilateral Antigua & Barbuda lateral partnerships and partnerships and cooperative energy goals and cooperative agreements agreements objectives identified and registered in a register Energy Cost Reduction • Bi-annual reports on II5.1: Undertake Diversification and review of new new and emerging • Number of bi-annual reports Efficient Use of emerging technologies developed published Energy Sources technologies and published Stimulate New 45 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators Economic/Business Opportunities Environmental Protection • Carbon Emission Trading policy established and running • New Power Sector Policy and Strategy developed and implemented • Land Planning Policy to Energy Cost include reserved areas Reduction for the development of Electricity renewable energies Reliability II6.1: Develop (Renewable Energy • Carbon emission reductions transparent and Development Areas – achieved Diversification and comprehensive REDA) revised and • RE capacity developed Efficient Use of policy framework implemented • Quantity of RE installation Energy Sources for the electricity • National Solid Waste under 1MW installed in A&B sector and or Management revised • RE generation Stimulate New amend existing Economic/Business and implemented • Overall energy intensity legislation • Requirements for new Opportunities electricity generating Environmental plans (over a minimum Protection scale of 1MW) established and implemented • Tariff structure to take into account the impact of the incorporation of RES revised and implemented II6.2: Promote a Energy Cost market based • New tariff structure Reduction approach and implemented and • Electricity increase enforced Reliability competition in the sector • Framework for the introduction of diversification fuels developed and running Energy Cost • Reduction in the Reduction II6.4: Develop and quantity of fossil fuel implement a • Quantity of fossil fuel used Stimulate New used comprehensive • % of fossil fuel used in the Economic/Business • Reduction of the regulatory energy sector Opportunities dependency on fossil framework for the fuel • Overall energy intensity Environmental energy sector • Procurement and Protection pricing of energy products clearly regulated • Reduced GHG emissions March 2013 46 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators II6.5: Continuously • Relevant agreed review the existing international best internal regulatory practices and framework for regulations adopted and performance, adapted to A&B strengths, • Institutional Stimulate New weaknesses and frameworks to Economic/Business • Quantity of international lessons learnt coordinate policy with Opportunities regulation and best practices while recognising energy initiatives and adopted by A&B the implications of programmes and external provide integrated dimensions and monitoring and formulate and enforcement of implement regulations and programmes of standards developed regulatory reform and implemented II6.6: Review and modify national • Industry structures that framework and best facilitate the Stimulate New implementation of industry structure Economic/Business achievement of the NEP for the energy Opportunities and other policies sector towards the achievement of objectives identified. the NEP goals 8.4 !"#$%"%&'(')*&+,-)*-)')%.+(&/+0)")&1+2*-+)"#$%"%&'(')*&+*2+'3%+4%&%5(6$%+ 7&%-18+9%:%$*#"%&'+;'-('%18+ The implementation priorities of each line of action for Strategy II: Renewable Energy is provided in Table 9 and the indicative timing for its implementation in Figure 12. Table 9: Implementation priorities for Strategy II Strategy for RE Priority: High, Policy/Line of Action development Medium, Low (score) II1.1: Provide Incentive package to directly stimulate II1: Create an enabling High (39 points) renewable energy deployment environment for the development of renewable II1.2: Open the market for private generation of RES energy through private High (38 points) electricity sector participation II1.3: Provide incentive package for utilisation of High (35 points) cleaner technologies in the transport sector II.2: Integration of II2.1: Analysis of the impacts of integration of renewable energy in the High (35 points) renewable energy in the grid grid II3.1: Strengthen economic and scientific data II.3: Develop appropriate through resource assessments on the country’s Medium (31 points) renewable energy sources energy resource potential (namely wind, solar and waste to energy (WTE)) 47 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Strategy for RE Priority: High, Policy/Line of Action development Medium, Low (score) II3.2: Develop renewable energy diversification priorities (based on cost, efficiency, environmental Medium (33 points) considerations) II3.3: Promote the use of small renewable generation through the production of a fast track approval High (40 points) process and by streamlining the procedures and standards II4.1: Promote incorporation of biodiesel High (35 points) II4.2: Diversify energy sources by type and Medium (28 points) geographical location II4: Diversification of Energy Sources II4.3: Engage in multilateral/regional a/ bilateral partnerships and cooperative agreements that Low (18 points) contribute to Antigua & Barbuda energy goals and objectives II5: Application of emerging II5.1: Undertake review of new emerging Low (19 points) technologies technologies II6.1: Develop transparent and comprehensive policy framework for the electricity sector and or amend Medium (33 points) existing legislation II6.2: Promote a market based approach and Medium (31 points) increase competition in the sector II6.3: Amend existing legislation and regulations or II6: Establish policy, promulgate new ones where necessary to ensure Medium (31 points) enforce laws, regulations responsible market behaviour and institutions that create II6.4: Develop and implement a comprehensive equitable and transparent High (34 points) regulatory framework for the energy sector opportunities for all stakeholders in the energy II6.5: Continuously review the existing internal sector regulatory framework for performance, strengths, weaknesses and lessons learnt while recognising the Medium (31 points) implications of external dimensions and formulate and implement programmes of regulatory reform II6.6: Review and modify national framework and industry structure for the energy sector towards the High (39 points) achievement of the NEP goals March 2013 48 49 Years Strategy for RE Policy/Line of Action 5 10 15 20 development Short Medium Long II1: Create an enabling II1.1: Provide Incentive package to directly stimulate D/I environment for the renewable energy deployment development of renewable energy II1.2: Open the market for private generation of RES through private D I electricity sector participation implementation of energy efficiency II1.3: Provide incentive package for utilisation of cleaner D/I programmes and technologies in the transport sector measures II.2: Integration of II2.1: Analysis of the impacts of integration of renewable renewable energy in D I energy in the grid initiatives the grid II3.1: Strengthen economic and scientific data through resource assessments on the country’s energy resource D I potential (namely wind, solar and waste to energy (WTE)) II.3: Develop appropriate II3.2: Develop renewable energy diversification priorities D I renewable energy (based on cost, efficiency, environmental considerations) sources II3.3: Promote the use of small renewable generation through the production of a fast track approval process and by D I C streamlining the procedures and standards II4.1: Promote incorporation of biodiesel D/I C II4.2: Diversify energy sources by type and geographical II4: Diversification of D/I I location Energy Sources II4.3: Engage in multilateral/regional a/ bilateral partnerships and cooperative agreements that contribute to D I C Antigua & Barbuda energy goals and objectives II5: Application of emerging II5.1: Undertake review of new emerging technologies D/I C C technologies Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Years Strategy for RE Policy/Line of Action 5 10 15 20 development Short Medium Long II6.1: Develop transparent and comprehensive policy framework for the electricity sector and or amend existing D/I legislation II6.2: Promote a market based approach and increase I I competition in the sector II6: Establish policy, II6.3: Amend existing legislation and regulations or enforce laws, promulgate new ones where necessary to ensure responsible D/I regulations and market behavior institutions that II6.4: Develop and implement a comprehensive regulatory create equitable and D/I framework for the energy sector transparent opportunities for all II6.5: Continuously review the existing internal regulatory stakeholders in the framework for performance, strengths, weaknesses and energy sector lessons learnt while recognising the implications of external D/I C C dimensions and formulate and implement programmes of regulatory reform II6.6: Review and modify national framework and industry structure for the energy sector towards the achievement of D/I the NEP goals Legend: D - Development, I - Implementation, C – Continuation Figure 12: Indicative timing for the implementation of Strategy II 50 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 9 STRATEGY 3: PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS 9.1 Goal and Objectives Within this Strategy Antigua & Barbuda intends to address: • Low awareness and technical capacity on energy efficiency and renewable energy; • Low level of education on energy efficiency and renewable energy; • Low level of resources dedicated to the energy sector; • Low involvement of the financial sector on energy efficiency and renewable energy projects; • Lack of certified renewable energy installers • Lack of certified energy efficiency auditors Antigua & Barbuda’s NEP state the following strategic objectives in terms of public education and awareness: • Support energy efficient choices through improved awareness, information and services that can deliver energy efficiency. • Develop and implement the curriculum to equip students with the knowledge and skills to secure employment in the fields of RE and EE. • Institutionalize educational programs to educate students in different energy topics, e.g. better ways to manage energy-usage, bringing about attitudinal change towards responsible energy use, energy responsibility, among many others. • Establishing awareness programs on energy in the school curriculum. • Promote the use of renewables in schools and universities. • Establish a National Energy Education Program with the aim of promoting energy awareness by creating effective networks among students, educators, business, government and community leaders to design and deliver objective, multi-sided energy education program’s activities. • Transforming Antigua & Barbuda’s energy systems requires a level of expertise, innovation and generational effort. Antigua & Barbuda needs major investments in capacity building. To achieve that, the Government will encourage direct investments to retool local and regional academic institutions as centers for research, education and workforce training in energy-related fields, both at professional and technical levels. 9.2 Specific Actions/Measures/Programmes to be Implemented and Responsible Agencies and Stakeholders The following strategic map highlights the strategy, policy actions and measures to be applied under the awareness and education development strategy. March 2013 51 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Strategic Map of Policies and Line of Action for Education and Awareness Responsible Strategy for Education and Line of Action Measures and Actions Agencies and Awareness Stakeholders III1.1.1 Develop and implement energy efficiency awareness and information campaigns for homeowners and tenants, focussing on Energy Unit/ raising awareness on building standards, energy efficiency Gov. A&B labelling and replacement programmes for household appliances, efficient lighting and available energy advisory services. III1.1.2 Develop information campaigns to promote CFL and/or non-LED Energy Unit lamps to consumers in the residential and commercial sectors III1.1.3 Develop and implement a relevant and sustained public energy information programme and information database with end of use Energy Unit III1.1: Draft and statistics Implement a public consumer III1.1.4 Implement end use statistics that promote public awareness of Energy Unit awareness and the importance of responsible energy use III1: Develop and Implement programmes to education III1.1.5 Develop an energy information clearing house/database with end program and end- Energy Unit influence market behaviour use statistics to illustrate the efficient use of energy toward sustainable energy use statistics on (promote adoption of energy efficiency III1.1.6 Develop and implement effective education and training Energy Unit / renewable energy and the awareness programmes on energy conservation at all levels of the education Ministry of efficient use of energy) system Education Energy Units / III1.1.7 Develop and implement energy efficiency awareness and Gov. A&B / information campaigns targeted at customers (tourists) and Ministry of employees of the tourist sector. Tourism Energy Unit / A&B III1.1.8 Develop and implement awareness and information campaigns for Bureau of homeowner and tenants in order to raise awareness for policy Standards / Gov. actions I3.3, I3.4 and I3.5 in the residential sector. A&B III1.2: Encourage Energy Unit/ / III1.2.1 Develop and implement incentives to encourage tertiary institution research Ministry of to develop research programmes for the application and development and Finance and the implementation of renewable energy technologies timely and Economy/ ABIA 52 53 Responsible Strategy for Education and Line of Action Measures and Actions Agencies and Awareness Stakeholders efficient implementation of III1.2.2 Participate in international research conferences, courses and Energy Unit seminars renewable energy projects Gov. A&B/ III1.2.3 Establish studentships and scholarships in the field of EE and RE Ministry of locally and internationally Education III1.2.4 Incorporate findings from new and adapted research in decisions Energy Unit regarding RE implementation III1.2.5 Study how Antigua & Barbuda can participate in carbon abatement Environmental mechanisms including carbon trading (e.g. Clean Development Division Mechanism) III2.1.1 Recruit permanent professional staff to be in charge of supervising and coordinating the A&B Governments energy Gov. A&B efficiency and renewable energy programmes and measures. III.2.1: Build III2.1.2 Train permanent professional staff of the Energy Unit in Capacity of the renewable energy and energy efficiency, including RE and energy Energy Unit in the Gov. A&B efficiency technologies, policy and programme formulation and field of RE and EE monitoring and evaluation of programmes. III2.1.3 Ensure that adequate incentives are instituted and maintained so as to retain a sufficient level of trained staff Gov. A&B III.2: Capacity Building and Training III2.2.1 Ensure that adequate incentives are instituted and maintained so Gov. A&B as to retain a sufficient level of trained staff III2.2.2 Train staff in the fundamentals of renewable energy technology, III.2.2: Train the principles energy efficiency, energy policy and carbon Energy Unit professional staff markets. in relevant public III2.2.3 Where necessary, utilise expatriate staffing as appropriate. and private sector Particularly, where the lack of skilled professionals and/or Energy Unit manpower acts as a constraint to the development of energy transformation objectives. III2.2.4 Educate staff and professionals in the process of managing Energy Unit / Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Responsible Strategy for Education and Line of Action Measures and Actions Agencies and Awareness Stakeholders administrative procedures for Renewable Energy Technology e.g. DCA/ construction permits, user permits Environmental Division / A&B Bureau of Standards III2.3.1 Educate students in the fields of EE and RE via including the Energy Unit / topics of EE and RE within natural science curriculum in primary, Ministry of secondary and tertiary level schools. Education Ministry of III2.3.2 Introduce an harmonised programme of extracurricular activities Education / Gov. for young people in the RE/EE field A&B III2.3: Systematic III2.3.3 Systematic inclusion of topics in lifelong learning training Ministry of inclusion of RE programmes, technical/vocational programs and certificate Education / Gov. and EE topics in courses A&B school curriculum Ministry of III2.3.4 Educate and train science teachers and lab technicians on the Education / Gov. fundamentals of RE/EE for dissemination to students A&B III2.3.5 Ensure an adequate number of knowledgeable local personnel Ministry of entering the RE/EE field on a revolving basis from secondary and Education / Gov. tertiary level schools A&B III2.4: RE installers III2.4.1 Set up a system for certifying installers to ensure high quality Energy Unit / certification work during project implementation APUA programmes III2.5.1 Develop and implement a training programme for energy auditors and managers from the public and private sectors, including III2.5: Energy energy service providers Energy Unit auditing and management programme III2.5.2 Develop and implement a certification scheme for energy auditors Energy Unit / and managers APUA 54 55 Responsible Strategy for Education and Line of Action Measures and Actions Agencies and Awareness Stakeholders III2.6.1 Develop and implement an information campaign for car drivers Ministry of and maintenance professionals regarding energy efficient driving III2.6: EE in the Transport and maintenance practices. transport sector III2.6.2 Provide training to drivers of buses and taxis on energy efficient Ministry of driving practices. Transport III2.7: Articulation with other III2.7.1 Articulate RE and EE training and education programmes with programmes and Energy Unit other programmes in the region initiatives in the region III3.1.1 Work with related partners to develop and/or promote energy Energy Unit training events and education materials for the public III3.1.2 Promote EE/RE in cooperation with local communities to inform citizens of the benefits and practical aspects of the development Energy Unit and use of these technologies to achieve developmental targets III3.1.3 Placement of pilot EE/RE projects at the community level to engender support from citizens whilst allowing for greater access Energy Unit to the technology as an educational tool; thus reinforcing capacity III3: Undertake public and confidence. information sessions for the III3.1: Raising III3.1.4 Develop a strategic awareness and marketing plan for renewable general public and target public awareness energy production, targeted on the general public, municipal and groups about support and acceptance Energy Unit local authorities, commercial and public services, industry, measures households, agriculture and the energy distribution sector. III3.1.5 Provide project information and promotional materials on economically viable projects identified in A&B to prospective Energy Unit local, regional and foreign investors III3.1.6 Provide on-going communication and updates on energy initiatives to the public using targeted information campaigns which will be carried out on different levels (national, regional and municipal) Energy Unit through public television, radio broadcasting systems and newspaper/media. Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Responsible Strategy for Education and Line of Action Measures and Actions Agencies and Awareness Stakeholders III3.1.7 Support and promote events/seminars/conferences/workshops that focus on RE/EE and successful projects which can be shared Energy Unit with the public III3.1.8 Promote residential use of PV, solar thermal systems and wind turbines systems including development and distribution of wind Energy Unit and solar radiation maps III3.1.9 Promote the use and benefits of solar water heaters by having road shows and grass-root advertising campaigns showcasing the Energy Unit financial benefits of these systems Energy Unit/ III3.2.1 Encourage local banks, through capacity building, training and Ministry of incentives, to provide loans and equity for the installation of small Finance and the solar and wind devices to homeowners and small businesses. Economy III3.2: Identify and III3.2.2 Institute rolling public awareness sessions on various available Energy Unit/ promote funding financing opportunities for homeowners, businesses and private Ministry of assistance investors in Antigua and Barbuda who are interested in investing Finance and the programs for the and/or installing renewable energy technology Economy public Energy Unit/ III3.2.3 Research EE/RE related loans, grants, rebates and incentives for Ministry of homes and businesses Finance and the Economy 56 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 9.3 Expected outcomes from the lines of action to be implemented and indicators to measure implementation progress The following table summarises the expected outcomes and indicators to measure these outcomes for each of the line of action proposed under Strategy III. This will be a tool to be used in monitoring the implementation of the SEAP Table 10: Expected outcomes from the proposed lines of action and indicators to measure the implementation progress Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators • Public consumer awareness and education program on EE developed and implemented • Increase in investment III1.1: Draft and in EE practices Implement a public • End use statistics • Number of EE projects Energy Cost consumer implemented and developed Reduction awareness and available to the public • Overall energy intensity (10% education program on the internet in a below a 2010 baseline within Diversification and and end-use database 10 years) Efficient Use of statistics on energy • Rolling Island-wide • Number of Rolling Island-wide Energy Sources efficiency media campaigns on the media campaigns awareness benefits of adopting EE practices • Better informed populace on the fundamentals of EE and it’s environmental and cost benefits • Public consumer awareness and education program on RE developed and implemented • Database of applicable RE to be implemented III1.2: Encourage in A&B with a timeline • Number of RE projects Energy Cost research and strategy for developed Reduction development and implementation • Overall energy intensity (10% timely and developed and below a 2010 baseline within Diversification and efficient available to the public 10 years) Efficient Use of implementation of • Increase in investment • Number of Rolling Island-wide Energy Sources renewable energy in RE practices media campaigns projects • Rolling Island-wide media campaigns on the benefits of adopting RE practices • Better informed populace on the fundamentals of RE and March 2013 57 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators it’s environmental and cost benefits • Permanent professional staff of the Energy Unit in renewable energy and energy efficiency • Number of people contracted Stimulate New III.2.1: Build contracted and trained for the Sustainable Energy Economic/Business Capacity of the • Increased job Unit Opportunities Energy Unit in the opportunities as RE/EE • Number of people involved in field of RE and EE sector expands. the RE/EE sector • More locals securing employment in the local and regional RE/EE sectors • Proliferation of professionals equipped with a working knowledge of specific • Number of people contracted Stimulate New III.2.2: Train aspects of EE/RE for the Sustainable Energy Economic/Business professional staff • Increased job Unit Opportunities in relevant public opportunities as RE/EE • Number of people involved in and private sector sector expands. the RE/EE sector • More locals securing employment in the local and regional RE/EE sectors • Students and prospective researchers/professiona ls equipped with scholarly and practical knowledge of specific aspects of EE/RE as it relates to initiatives with the Caribbean Stimulate New III2.3: Systematic region. • Number of locals securing Economic/Business inclusion of RE and • Collaboration between employment in the local and Opportunities EE topics in school students/researchers in regional RE/EE sectors curriculum Antigua and Barbuda and the wider Caribbean region. • Harmonised programme of extracurricular activities for young people in the RE/EE field established and implemented Stimulate New III2.4: RE installers • Increased number of • Number of certified RE Economic/Business certification A&B RE Installers installers Opportunities programmes Certificated Stimulate New III2.5: Energy Economic/Business auditing and • Increased number of • Number of energy auditors in Opportunities management A&B RE energy auditors A&B programme March 2013 58 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Goals Line of Action Outcomes Indicators Energy Cost • Information campaign Reduction for car drivers and maintenance Stimulate New professionals regarding • Number of informed car III2.6: EE in the Economic/Business energy efficient driving drivers transport sector Opportunities and maintenance Environmental practices developed protection and implemented Energy Cost Reduction • Training provided to III2.7: Articulation Stimulate New with other drivers of buses and • Number of informed bus and Economic/Business programmes and taxis on energy taxi drivers Opportunities initiatives in the efficient driving region practices. Environmental protection Stimulate New III2.7: Articulation • Implemented regional with other • Number of regional RE and EE Economic/Business RE and EE training and programmes and training and educational Opportunities educational initiatives in the programmes implemented programmes region Energy Cost • Energy training events Reduction and education materials • Number of training events for the public Diversification and • Number and capacity of RE developed and Efficient Use of III3.1: Raising and EE projects developed in distributed Energy Sources public awareness local communities • Increased incorporation and acceptance • Overall energy intensity (10% Stimulate New of EE/RE in cooperation below a 2010 baseline within Economic/Business with local communities 10 years) Opportunities • Implement public awareness campaign • Increased of awareness of local banks and financial facilities to RE and EE projects • Increased number of loans provided by local banks and financial facilities to RE and EE III3.2: Identify and projects • Number of loans Stimulate New promote funding • Increased knowledge equity/grants from Economic/Business assistance and awareness on banks/Government lending Opportunities programs for the loans, grants, rebates facilities provided for RE and public and incentives for EE project development homes and businesses • Increased uptake on available loans/equity/grants from banks/Government lending facilities as related to 2010 59 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 9.4 Implementation Priorities and Timing for implementation of the Education and Awareness Strategy The implementation priorities of each line of action for Strategy III: Energy Efficiency is provided in Table 11 and the indicative timing for its implementation in Figure 13. Table 11: Implementation priorities for Strategy III Strategy for EE Priority: High, Policy/Line of Action development Medium, Low (score) III1: Develop and III1.1: Draft and Implement a public consumer Implement programmes awareness and education program and end-use statistics High (34 points) to influence non-market on energy efficiency awareness behaviour toward and to promote efficient use III1.2: Encourage research development and timely and Medium (24 points) of energy efficient implementation of renewable energy projects III.2.1: Build Capacity of the Energy Unit in the field of Medium (33 points) RE and EE III.2.2: Train professional staff in relevant public and Low (22 points) private sector III2.3: Systematic inclusion of RE and EE topics in school Low (20 points) III2: Capacity Building curriculum and Training III2.4: RE installers certification programmes High (35 points) III2.5: Energy auditing and management programme High (35 points) III2.6: EE in the transport sector Medium (32 points) III2.7: Articulation with other programmes and High (34 points) initiatives in the region III3: Undertake public III3.1 Raising public awareness and acceptance High (40 points) information sessions for the general public and III3.2 Identify and promote funding assistance programs target groups about High (39 points) for the public support measures March 2013 60 61 Years Strategy for Education and Policy/Line of Action 5 10 15 20 Awareness Short Medium Long III1: Develop and Implement III1.1: Draft and Implement a public consumer programmes to influence awareness and education program and end-use statistics D/I market behaviour toward on energy efficiency awareness sustainable energy (promote adoption of renewable energy and the efficient use III1.2: Encourage research development and timely and D/I I of energy) efficient implementation of renewable energy projects III.2.1: Build Capacity of the Energy Unit in the field of D/I C C RE and EE III.2.2: Train professional staff in relevant public and D/I private sector C C III2.3: Systematic inclusion of RE and EE topics in school D/I C C III.2: Capacity Building and curriculum Training III2.4: RE installers certification programmes D/I C C III2.5: Energy auditing and management programme D/I C C III2.6: EE in the transport sector D/I III2.7: Articulation with other programmes and initiatives in the region D/I C III3: Undertake public III3.1: Raising public awareness and acceptance D/I I I information sessions for the general public and target III3.2: Identify and promote funding assistance programs groups about support D I C for the public measures Legend: D - Development, I - Implementation, C – Continuation Figure 13: Indicative timing for the implementation of Strategy III Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 62 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 63 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 64 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda 11 ESTIMATED COST AND POTENTIAL SOURCES OF FUNDING 11.1 Estimated Cost The potential cost of each action/measure/programme was estimated by the consultants. This was done by taking into account the costs of similar actions/measures/programmes being undertaken in CARICOM or OECD countries as well as employing the previous experience of the Consultants. The figures estimated were then aggregated per strategy, so as to provide a general budget figure for the implementation of this SEAP. The estimated figures include: costs for policy development; costs for establishing and managing the Energy Unit, Energy Advisory Panels, and Independent Regulatory Agency; consultancy costs for carrying out resource assessments; costs for technical and non-technical capacity building and awareness raising activities; between others. They do not include renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies costs (as first projects need to be identified), construction and implementation costs. Annex II provides the estimated figures per measure for each of the four strategies here proposed. The following table summarises the needed estimated budget for SEAP implementation. Strategy Estimated Costs in (EC$) !"#$"%&'()*(+#,--(+.""/0&(!"#$"%&' 12345634)) !"#$"%&'(7*(80%#&'(899/:/%0:'(;%<%=,>?%0" 1@322)3A5) !"#$"%&'(77*(B%0%C$D=%(80%#&'(!"#$"%&' 153)A535E5 !"#$"%&'(777*(FC$#%0%--($0G(8G.:$"/,0(!"#$"%&' 153EAH3I5) !"#$%&'"(#(&")&#*+&,-./ 01234113456

Annex III provides a brief overview on potential sources of funding that can be used by Antigua & Barbuda to finance the implementation of the activities highlighted in the SEAP. 65 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA !""#$% &% '% (#)*+,+-+./% 0+1% )*#% ,#0&"&)&+"% +0% )*#% &(2-#(#")!)&+"% 21&+1&)&#3% The implementation priorities of the defined lines of action under each proposed strategy were defined having into account the following criteria: • Contribution to the goals in the NEP; • The influence on existing and future policies across sectors; • The impact / reach; • Environmental impact (GHG emission reductions) • Feasibility • Synergies with existing programmes • Cost benefit Having these criteria in mind the following steps were followed in the definition of implementation priorities: 1) Attribution of points for each of the criterion Each line of action proposed was analysed and points were attributed for each of the criteria above referred according to the table shown below. Criteria Points Motive The action meets at least 1 of the goals of the NEP 1 Contributes directly to the goals in and relies on other actions the NEP (the goals are: the NEP five The action meets at least 2 goals of the NEP and goals (energy cost reduction, 2 relies on the implementations of actions defined for diversification of energy sources, energy cost reduction and diversification electricity reliability improvement, The action contributes to the main goals of Energy environmental protection and Cost Reduction and Diversification and Efficient use stimulate new economic 3 of Sources and at least 1 other goal in the NEP. opportunities) These actions make up the main foundation, and preceeds all other actions 1 The action requires new policies / legislation The action bolsters other existing policies / Will influence existing and future 2 legislation / requires modification of existing policies across sectors legislation The action bolsters existing and proposed policies 3 and supporting legislation e.g. ABIA Act, APUA Act, NSWMA Act / requires no additional legislation The impact /reach of the action is at a Community 1 / Sector level The impact /reach of the action is at a National OR Impact / Reach 2 Community / Sector level The impact /reach of the action is at the National 3 and Community / Sector level 1 Low Environmental impact (GHG 2 Medium reduction) 3 High 1 Requires new resources and regulations Requires modification of existing regulations and Feasibility 2 resources 3 No modification required March 2013 66 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda Criteria Points Motive 1 No synergies with existing programmes Synergies with existing programmes 2 Can have an impact on existing programmes Will have a strong impact on exisiting and proposed 3 programmes Cost of programme and investments likely to 1 exceed benefits (positive cost) Benefits likely to exceed cost of programmes and Cost-Benefit 2 investments (negative cost) Benefits likely to exceed cost + policy can mobilize 3 private investment 2) Attribution of weights to the different criterion For each criterion, weights were attributed to reflect its importance. The following weights have been attributed: • Contribution to the goals in the NEP = 3 • The influence on existing and future policies across sectors= 2 • The impact / reach = 2 • Environmental impact (GHG emission reductions) = 2 • Feasibility = 2 • Synergies with existing programmes = 1 • Cost benefit = 3 3) Calculation of the score of each line of action For each line of action, a final score was estimated by multiplying the weight by the points attributed for a given criterion and by summing all the criteria’s scores. Score Line of Action = ! (Points Criterion i x Weight Criterion i) Where I, represent the different criterion selected for the analysis. 3) Definition of the Implementation Priorities Having the scores calculated for each line of action and having into account that the maximum that one line of action could score is 45 points and that the minimum that a line of action could score is 15, the following implementation priority classification was attributed to each line of action: • High: Line of action with scores between 34-45 points; • Medium: Line of action with scores between 24-33 points; and • Low: Line of action with scores between 15–23. 67 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA !""#$%&&%'%#()&*!)#+%,&-./#(%0#/%*#!(./#%,1/%#!23%1,%)3#%,1./%()/!)#-&#(%0/101(#+%."+#/%)3#%(#!0% Strategy 0: Cross-cutting Strategy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I!;0+<<$!=);0!J""""K;0+<<K./!<)/! /&2A(+0,)1!+1:!;0+1:+/:!<)/?A(+0,)17! #9!.&+/;! ,1-(A:,12!A*:+0,12!03&!B4C!+1:!D4EC7! @&0>&&1!)03&/!+-0,',0,&;$! 68 69 2$,-:#,")'2>;"($"$'#()' ?,<"&' 2$,-:#,")';"&$.(("6'+.$,$',.'-:;6":"(,',<"' 3.($%:#46"$',.' 2$,-:#,")' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' -:;6":"(,',<"' -:;6":"(,#,- 12#$,' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' .('+.$,$'' !"#$%&"$'#()'*+,-.($' 3.::"(,' 3#&-44"#(' 18957'' 5.66#&$7'' A.+#6' C'.D' E(,F6' G%:4"&' @.,#6' %(-,' @.,#6'1897' :#()# 6.+#6' :#( .D'-(,F6' C' '@.,#6'1897'' 1897' ;&-+"' B$' ;".;6"' )#B$' ;".;6"' "#$#$J!L+1:+0&!03&!41&/2.!51,0!0)M!! N!=))/:,1+0&!;0A:,&;!)1!&1&/2.!/&;)A/-&;7! 2&1&/+0,)17!0/+1;<)/?+0,)1!+1:!?+/O&0,12! ,1!-();&!-))*&/+0,)1!>,03!03&!/&;*)1;,@(&! )*&/+0,12!+2&1-,&;P! N!Q);0&/!03&!:&'&()*?&10!)<!+**/)*/,+0&! (&2,;(+0,)1!<)/!03&!;&-0)/;!&(&-0/,-,0.7! 0/+1;*)/0+0,)17!*&0/)(&A?!+1:!2+;! 03/)A23!+!*+/0,-,*+0)/.!+1:!-)1;A(0+0,'&! */)-&;;!>,03!<)-A;!)1!-3&+*&/!+1:!?)/&! ;A;0+,1+@(&!;&/',-&;P! 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Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda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HZOQJ'5"D-("'#'D%"6')-X"&$-D-+#,-.('$,&#,"0B' D.&',<"'$<.&,S':")-%:'#()'6.(0',"&:'#()' 'P\'''' '' !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! )"X"6.;';&-.&-,-"$'D.&')-X"&$-D-+#,-.(' "J$8$#!%&'&()*!*/,)/,0,&;!<)/! :,'&/;,<,-+0,)1!Z,1!+!0,?&(.!>+.!@+;&:!)1! -);07!&<<,-,&1-.7!&1',/)1?&10+(! 'PIQVSURT'' 'PV[SQTH'' !6I87a]"!! 8"! J! #]! #! !6J7]""!! !6J7]""!! #! !! !! -)1;,:&/+0,)1!+1:!+**/)*/,+0&! 0&-31)()2,&;\! Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 2$,-:#,")'2>;"($"$'#()' ?,<"&' 2$,-:#,")';"&$.(("6'+.$,$',.'-:;6":"(,',<"' 3.($%:#46"$',.' 2$,-:#,")' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' -:;6":"(,',<"' -:;6":"(,#,- 12#$,' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' .('+.$,$'' !"#$%&"$'#()'*+,-.($' 3.::"(,' 3#&-44"#(' 18957'' 5.66#&$7'' A.+#6' C'.D' E(,F6' G%:4"&' @.,#6' %(-,' @.,#6'1897' :#()# 6.+#6' :#( .D'-(,F6' C' '@.,#6'1897'' 1897' ;&-+"' B$' ;".;6"' )#B$' ;".;6"' H3&;&!-);0;!>,((!)1(.!&X,;0!,<!_B[! */)R&-0;!+/&!<&+;,@(&!+1:!*);;,@(.! ,<!&X,;0&10!>,((!@&!,1-A/&:!@.!03&! "J$8$8!%&'&()*!_B[!*/)R&-0;!,<!<&+;,@(&! 'P\'''' '' !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! :&'&()*&/!)<!03&!*/)R&-0! Z:&*&1:;!)1!03&!+2/&&?&10;! /&+-3&:\! "J$8$J!%&'&()*!(&2,;(+0,'&!</+?&>)/O!<)/! 'PTRSZRT'' 'PQISQTH'' !6#a7a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Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda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EST!+1:!03&!*)0&10,+(!/)(&!)<!&1&/2.!;&/',-&! -)?*+1,&;!Z4D=U;\7!&1&/2.!-)1;A(0+10;!+1:! 'PIVISRTH'' 'PTQSTHH'' !6I]7]""!! 8"! 8! J"! #! !6a7"""!! !6J7]""!! 8! !! !! )03&/!;&/',-&!*/)',:&/;$!H3&!;0A:.!;3)A(:! ,1-(A:&!+1!+;;&;;?&10!)<!03&!0&-31,-+(7! &-)1)?,-!+1:!,1;0,0A0,)1+(!<&+;,@,(,0.!)<! 74 75 2$,-:#,")'2>;"($"$'#()' ?,<"&' 2$,-:#,")';"&$.(("6'+.$,$',.'-:;6":"(,',<"' 3.($%:#46"$',.' 2$,-:#,")' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' -:;6":"(,',<"' -:;6":"(, 12#$,' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' #,-.('+.$,$'' !"#$%&"$'#()'*+,-.($' 3.::"(,' 3#&-44"#(' 18957'' 5.66#&$7'' G%:4 A.+#6' C'.D' E(,F6' "&'.D' @.,#6' %(-,' @.,#618957' :#()# 6.+#6' :#()# C' ',.,#6'' -(,F6' 18957' ;&-+"' B$' ;".;6"' B$' ;".;6"' '+/,)A;!@A;,1&;;!?):&(;7!(,O&!&1&/2.! *&/<)/?+1-&!-)10/+-0,12!+1:!+:',;)/.! ;&/',-&;$! Y#$J$J$!!!!%&'&()*!+!;0A:.!0)!,1:&10,<.! <,1+1-,12!)*0,)1;!<)/!&1&/2.!&<<,-,&1-.! 'PRUSZHH'' 'PQWSHHH'' !6887"""!! #"! #! 8"! #! !6a7"""!! !6J7]""!! 8! !! !! ?&+;A/&;7!,1')(',12!-)??&/-,+(!@+1O;!+1:! -/&:,0!A1,)1;$! 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"! !6F!!!! !! "! !! @&!03&!0+;O!)<!03&!*&/?+1&10!;0+<<! ! Z(,O&!&$2$!03&!41(,230&1!Y1,0,+0,'&!)<!5B4C\$!! )<!03&!41&/2.!51,0$! Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 2$,-:#,")'2>;"($"$'#()' ?,<"&' 2$,-:#,")';"&$.(("6'+.$,$',.'-:;6":"(,',<"' 3.($%:#46"$',.' 2$,-:#,")' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' -:;6":"(,',<"' -:;6":"(, 12#$,' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' #,-.('+.$,$'' !"#$%&"$'#()'*+,-.($' 3.::"(,' 3#&-44"#(' 18957'' 5.66#&$7'' G%:4 A.+#6' C'.D' E(,F6' "&'.D' @.,#6' %(-,' @.,#618957' :#()# 6.+#6' :#()# C' ',.,#6'' -(,F6' 18957' ;&-+"' B$' ;".;6"' B$' ;".;6"' Y8$#$8$!=))/:,1+0&!1+0,)1+(!*/)2/+??&;!+1:! ?&+;A/&;!,1!03&!<,&(:!)<!TA,(:,12! C&/<)/?+1-&!ZYJ$8$#\!+1:!41&/2.!4<<,-,&1-.! D0+1:+/:;!+1:!_+@&((,12!ZYJ$J$#\!>,03!03&! -)//&;*)1:,12!/&2,)1+(!*/)2/+??&;!)1! B)!;*&-,<,-!@A:2&0!+;;,21&:$!D3)A(:! =EWY=UL!+1:!U4=D!(&'&($!41&/2.!4<<,-,&1-.! 'P\'''' 'P\'''' !6F!!!! "! "! "! !6F!!!! !! "! !! @&!03&!0+;O!)<!03&!*&/?+1&10!;0+<<! ! 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'PTZVS[HH'' 'PIWUSHHH'' !6G#7"""!! I"! 8! J"! 8! !6a7"""!! !6J7]""!! 8! !6#""7"""!! &;0,?+0&:!-);0!)<!5D6!#"7"""!*&/! +1:!+,/!-)1:,0,)1,127!,?*/)'&?&10!)<! +A:,0$!TA:2&0!:)&;!1)0!,1-(A:&! @A,(:,12!&1'&()*&7!,1!-)?@,1+0,)1!>,03!03&! ,1'&;0?&10;$! A;&!)<!/&1&>+@(&!&1&/2.!Z&$2$!<)/!>+0&/! 3&+0,12\$! Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda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`A,*?&10!+1:!?+0&/,+(;!@.!03&! 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J"! 8! !6a7"""!! !6J7]""!! 8! !6g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a7"""!! I"! #! 8"! #! !6J7]""!! !6J7]""!! #! !6]"7"""!! 97"""!&?*().&&;!Z8]f!)<!03&! -+?*+,21;!0+/2&0&:!+0!-A;0)?&/;!Z0)A/,;0;\! >)/O<)/-&!)<!03&!EST!;&/',-&! +1:!&?*().&&;$! ;&-0)/\! YI$I$J$!!!!=)1-(A:&!')(A10+/.!+2/&&?&10;! @&0>&&1!03&!EST![)'&/1?&10!+1:!03&! 0)A/,;0!;&-0)/!/&2+/:,12!03&!*A/-3+;&!)<! 'PIHWSZTH'' 'PVHSTHH'' !6Ja7"""!! 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Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 2$,-:#,")'2>;"($"$'#()' ?,<"&' 2$,-:#,")';"&$.(("6'+.$,$',.'-:;6":"(,',<"' 3.($%:#46"$',.' 2$,-:#,")' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' -:;6":"(,',<"' -:;6":"(, 12#$,' '/%)0",' #+,-.(=:"#$%&"' #,-.('+.$,$'' !"#$%&"$'#()'*+,-.($' 3.::"(,' 3#&-44"#(' 18957'' 5.66#&$7'' G%:4 A.+#6' C'.D' E(,F6' "&'.D' @.,#6' %(-,' @.,#618957' :#()# 6.+#6' :#()# C' ',.,#6'' -(,F6' 18957' ;&-+"' B$' ;".;6"' B$' ;".;6"' EVOTJ'2("&0B'"DD-+-"(+B';&.0&#::"'-(',<"' '' '' !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! #0&.\-()%$,&-#6'$"+,.&' H3&!+2/)F,1:A;0/,+(!;&-0)/!)<!EST7! ,1!*+/0,-A(+/!03&!;A2+/!,1:A;0/.7! YI$]$#$!!!!%&'&()*!+1:!,?*(&?&10!+1!&1&/2.! +**&+/;!0)!@&!:&-(,1,12$!Y0!;0,((! &<<,-,&1-.!*/)2/+??&!<)/!03&!+2/)F,1:A;0/,+(! 1&&:;!0)!@&!'&/,<,&:!3)>!?+1.!Z,<! ;&-0)/!,1-(A:,12!?&+;A/&;!(,O&M!&1&/2.! +1.\!*/)-&;;!,1:A;0/,&;!-)A(:!@&! +A:,0,12!+1:!?+1+2&?&107!&<<,-,&10! 'PIHWSZTH'' 'PVHSTHH'' !6Ja7"""!! 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EEEQOTJ'2("&0B'#%)-,-(0'#()':#(#0":"(,' 'P\'''' '' !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ;&.0&#::"' Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda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g7"""!! 9"! 8! I"! 8! !6#I7"""!! J]""! I! !6I"7"""!! 0/+,1,12!*/)2/+??&!+1:!I! ?+1+2&/;!</)?!03&!*A@(,-!+1:!*/,'+0&! 0/+,1,12!-)A/;&;!)<!+@)A0!)1&! ;&-0)/;7!,1-(A:,12!&1&/2.!;&/',-&!*/)',:&/;! >&&O!&+-3$! TA:2&0!<)/!:&'&()*?&10!)<! 03&!-&/0,<,-+0,)1!;-3&?&$! 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Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA !""#$%&&&%'%()*#"*&!+%,)-./#,%)0%0-"1&"2% There are several potential sources of funding that Antigua & Barbuda can access to finance the implementation of the activities highlighted in the SEAP. The following sources of funding are described below: 1. Global Environmental Facility (GEF); 2. The Organisation of American States (OAS); 3. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB); 4. PETROCARIBE; 5. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); 6. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit(GIZ) 7. European Commission Financing (EU); 8. World Bank; 9. The Agence France de Development (AFD), Fonds Francais pour l’Environnement Mondial (FFEM) and French Environment and Energy Agency (ADEME); 10. West Indies Power Holding BV; 11. Environmental Foundation of Jamaica (EFJ); 12. Inter-American Foundation (IAF); 13. Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica (PCJ); 14. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO); and 15. Department for International Development (DFID). 16. Caribbean Development Bank (CBD) 17. IRENA 18. China 19. CCCCC/SIDS-DOCK 20. KfW Development Bank Examples: Global Environment Facility Who is the GEF? The GEF, established in 1991 as a pilot project in the World Bank, is an independent financial organisation devoted to providing support to developing countries, in the form of financing, for projects related directly to biodiversity, climate change and renewable energy, land degradation, the ozone layer, and persistent organic pollutants. ‘As the financial mechanism of the UNFCCC, GEF allocates and disburses about $250 million dollars per year in projects in energy efficiency, renewable energies, and sustainable transportation.’3 3 Global Environment Facility: http://www.gefweb.org/interior.aspx?id=232 104 March 2013 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda As the particular goal of the GEF speaks to the provision of sustainable, affordable electricity services while meeting respective efforts in climate change targets, projects committed to Climate Change Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation are the two main financial mechanisms available from the GEF. Projects under these actions must address: a) The role of Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Transport in the reduction (and/or avoidance) of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. b) Research and Intervention into projects which will complement efforts undertaken by the UNFCC. These include the implementation of capacity building exercises, new low GHG technologies and the submission of National Communications which includes a report on national inventories of GHGs. This facility articulates the need for strengthened practices in energy conservation, renewable technology investment and climate change prevention; and as such, is the largest provider of funding for projects, through contingent loans and grants, which encourages the use of small scale, stand-alone systems, which produces a two-pronged outcome: a) The improved provision of electricity services to the rural community b) Expansion of the use of Renewable Energy Technology (RET) due to improved affordability through the supplementary funds provided by the GEF. What is the Role of the GEF in the Caribbean? The GEF’s presence in the Caribbean is mainly experienced through the establishment of the Caribbean Renewable Energy Technical Assistance Facility (CRETAF). CRETAF collaborates with the Caribbean Renewable Energy Fund, which is a GEF sponsored loan facility. CRETAF supplies early stage loans for renewable energy project preparation in the form of grant financing to countries participating in the Caribbean Renewable Energy Development Programme (CREDP). The GEF funded approximately US$1.3million to support this program.4 The GEF also supported the first project of the Caribbean Community. The Caribbean Planning for Adaptation Global Climate Change project (CPACC) supports pilot vulnerability assessments in Barbados, Grenada and Guyana, support capacity training, monitors sea level and climate change in 12 Caribbean nations. This project has been followed with the ongoing Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change project which seeks to further develop the knowledge garnered from CPACC. The Organisation of American States (OAS) Who is the OAS? The OAS was established in 1948 to achieve the guiding principles of democracy, human rights, security and development amongst its member states. In an effort to promote development mechanisms, all OAS states have recognized that access to affordable energy is one of the main drivers for socio-economic growth. In the forum of energy, the OAS has established strategies to assist member states in achieving developmental goals. Out of this recognition and collaboration between the OAS and the Department of Sustainable Development (DSD), the Sustainable Energy Partnership of the Americas (SEPA) and the Renewable Energy in the Americas (REIA) initiatives were established. 4 CRETAF: http://www.caricom.org/jsp/projects/cretaf.jsp?menu=projects 105 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA SEPA was initiated from the DSD’s Energy and Climate Change Division and was designed to support and contribute to5: a) the advancement of energy security b) the reduction of the impact of fossil fuels market fluctuation c) the lowering of carbon emissions throughout the region by generation and strengthening regional markets for cleaner and renewable energy, and fostering the exchange of information and experiences pertaining to sustainable energy. In order to meet these developmental goals, a plan of action has been developed by the Energy and Climate Change Division. Objectives include: a) Developing an enabling environment by encouraging private-public investment. This increases the availability of funding for initiatives that promote renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. b) Building adequate governance and regulatory frameworks so as to improve market conditions for these initiatives c) Supporting the development of human and institutional capacity essential for research and development into the use and management of sustainable energy system. REIA was created in 1992 by a consortium of US, Latin America and Caribbean (LAC)6 interests to increase access to modern, sustainable energy services by focusing on renewable energy solutions as well as energy efficiency practices. The objectives of the REIA include: a) To identify and promote viable renewable energy and energy efficiency project opportunities in the LAC region. b) to provide technical assistance and training on matters related to sustainable energy development. c) To develop and assist in accessing innovative financing mechanisms suited to the technical characteristics of renewable energy and energy efficiency. What is the role of the OAS in the Caribbean? The OAS has played many roles in the development of policy frameworks, information platforms and public-private financing mechanisms. So far, the OAS has been responsible for: a) Caribbean Sustainable Energy Program (CSEP) – established to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy and address several barriers to RE establishment in seven LAC project countries. The OAS has partnered with CARICOM, CREDP, CARILEC and REEP from November 2008 to October 2011 to ensure the success of this program. b) Geo-Caraibes Project - will implement a regional strategy that will create the conditions for successful deployment of commercially viable geothermal power production and overcome the barriers to the development of geothermal power in the three Project Countries. c) Global Sustainable Energy Islands Initiative (GSEII) – is jointly administred by the Climate Institute, Organization of American States, Winrock International, Counterpart International, Energy and Security Group and the International Network for Sustainable Energy in Denmark. The Global Sustainable Energy Islands Initiative (GSEII), a consortium of 5 Sustainable Energy Partnership for the Americas, Program Description - http://www.sepa- americas.net/quienes_somos.php?ID=3 6 These include the nations of: 1) St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2) Barbados 3) Trinidad and Tobago 4) US Virgin Islands 5)Grenada 6) Guyana 7) Dominica 8) St Kitts and Nevis 9) St Lucia 10) Brazil 11) Peru 12) Chile 13) Bolivia 14) Argentina 15) Costa Rica 16) Guatemala 17) Nicaragua 18) Honduras 106 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda international NGOs and multi-lateral institutions, has been organized to support the interest of all small island states and potential donors by bringing renewable energy and energy efficiency projects, models, and concepts together in a sustainable plan for small island nations The GSEII is currently focused on the Caribbean nations of St Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Grenada and St. Lucia. Thus far, the GSEII has assisted St Lucia in formulating the National Sustainable Energy Plan 2001 and is committed to assisting other island nations in energy developmental goals. d) Promotion of bio-fuel projects in the Caribbean – The OAS along with the International Development Bank, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture(IICA) and the Government of Guyana (GoG) signed an MOU in 2007 which stated that the parties agree to explore ways in which sustainable energy and biofuel projects can be promoted and financed in the Caribbean region. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Who is the IDB? The IDB was established in 1959 in the LAC region and is currently the main source of multialateral funding. The IDB Group consists of the Inter American Investment Corporation (IIC), and the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) provides solutions to development challenges by partnering with public and private sector, thus reaching its clients ranging from central governments to city authorities and businesses. The IDB lends money but also provides grants. It also offers research and consultancy support in key developmental areas crucial to the Caribbean. (education, agriculture, energy). One of the priority initiatives for the IDB in LAC is the Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Initiative (SECCI). The goals of the SECCI include: • Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency development • Sustainable Biofuel Development • Access to Carbon Markets • Adapation to Climate Change What is the role of the IDB in the Caribbean? Since 2001, the IDB has financed approximately US$2 billion in energy efficiency and renewable energy projects in Latin America and the Caribbean. Recent projects in the scope of SECCI include: a) Promotion of Energy Efficient Residential Lighting in Bahamas (2009) b) Strengthening the Energy Sector in the Bahamas (2009) c) Support to promote energy efficiency, energy conservation and sustainable energy Jamaica (2009) d) Wind and Solar Development program Jamaica (2009) e) Unserved Areas Electrification Program Guyana - (2007) PETROCARIBE Who/What is Petrocaribe? The Petrocaribe organisation was established in 2005 as a compartment of the Caracas Agreement, and is an energy cooperation agreement between the Government of Venezuela and twelve7 of the fifteen members of CARICOM, Honduras and Guatemala. This agreement allows for members to 7 Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Suriname, St Lucia, St Kitts and Nevis, St Vincent and the Grenadines 107 March 2013 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA purchase oil on conditions of a preferential payment. The deal functions by a means of a discount whereby contracting countries are required to pay a percentage of the market price, with the remaining cost converted into long term, low interest loans. When market prices rise above US$50 per gallon, as they are now, participating countries will receive a 40 percent discount that will accrue as a 25-year, 1 percent interest loan. If prices rise above US$100, this discount will rise to 50 percent. The agreement involves the refining of crude oil from Venezuela shipping to Caribbean states, possibly in Petrocaribe owned/contracted vessels wholesaling to existing retailers and even undertaking retailing where necessary. The payment system allows for a few nations to buy oil at market price and pay 75% of the purchase price within 30 days. The remaining 25% is paid over 15 years with one year’s moratorium at an interest rate of 2% per annum. This agreement is reviewed annually. What is the role of PETROCARIBE in the Caribbean? In June 2009, at the 6th Petrocaribe summit, the strengthening and pace of adoption of alternative energy sources, energy efficiency measures was part of the accord that was put forth by the summit. In light of this, The Jamaican government is waiting for final approval on funding approved by PetroCaribe for 13 renewable energy and efficiency projects on the island; one of which is solar powered street lighting. The funding, which totals US$160 million, will be offered either as soft loans or grants, depending on decisions reached at the PetroCaribe Summit, which has not yet been officially scheduled. Additionally, there have been some strides in developing geothermal power in Honduras and Nicaragua. The ALBA Caribe bank, initiated from the Petrocaribe accord, has allowed member states to invest in $222 million in social and energy development programs. These include the installation of 10 million compact fluorescent lightbulbs in Dominican Republic and 1.8 million in Nicaragua. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Who is the UNDP? The UNDP is the development program conducted by the UN. The UNDP is committed to finding solutions for and developing on a global scale: a) Democratic Governance b) Poverty Reduction c) Crisis Prevention and Recovery d) Environment and Energy e) HIV/AIDS The UNDP is committed to setting and meeting developmental goals in developing nations by focusing on the key developmental issues highlighted above. The UNDP also assists developing nations in attracting and utilising aid effectively. UNDP’s work on Energy and the Environment focuses mainly on: a) Framework for strategie and sustainable development b) Effective water governance c) Access to sustainable energy services d) Sustianable land management to combat desertification and land degradation e) Conservation and Sustainable use of biodiversity The activities pursued by the UNDP to achieve these objectives concentrate on the strengthening of capacity to address the dynamic energy sector which has also initiated climate change reservations. 108 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda The UNDP assists governments to address issues on a global and national level by seeking out and sharing best practices, providing policy advice and creating a database to share projects to establish a community of learning and linkages. What is the role of the UNDP in the Caribbean? The UNDP has supported major Renewable Energy transitions in the Caribbean with the development of major database platforms and programs. By partnering with CARICOM and the GEF, the UNDP was able to launch the bio-energy page on CIPORE; the Caribbean Information Platform on Renewable Energy. The Caribbean Renewable Energy Development Program (CREDP)1998 is also part funded by the UNDP. This program is an initiative of the energy minister of CARICOM and is devoted to change the market environment for Renewable Energy in the Caribbean by reducing political, market and financing barriers. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) What is the GIZ? This facility is an international cooperation enterprise for sustainable development with a global focus. The GIZ is dedicated to promoting sustainability in all nations. The scope of ‘sustainability’ includes: a) Supporting economic growth for more prosperity in partner countries b) Ensuring equal opportunities amongst social classes c) Using natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations. The GIZ assists in the formulation of regulatory framework and human and institutional capacity to meet the goals and company concept of ‘sustainable development’. The facility works at government level as well as associations, industry, local populations and international donors. As renewable energy and energy efficiency falls under the umbrella of ‘sustainable development’, GIZ is also committed to providing solutions for developing countries with interests in harnessing natural resources to meet daily needs. What is the role of the GIZ in the Caribbean? The GIZ has played an important role in the development of the CREDP. The GIZ was also successful in their ‘Sustainable, fair and equitable globalization’ project which was lead by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The facility was able to achieve results in sustainable development, integrated management of natural resources and dealing with climate change. The GIZ was also responsible for the first wind assessment conducted in Dominica in 2003, where specific sites in the North-East were identified, but the Government was warned of interconnection and distribution issues. This facility was also conducted similar studies in Grenada and St Vincent. The GIZ was a major player in the advisory service presented to the Government of Guyana with respect to biofuels and Jamaica’s renewable energy policy. European Commission Financing (EU) The European Commission is committed to meeting Millennium Development Goals by contributing, by way of financing development projects, in developing countries. By tackling poverty, boosting local economies and strengthening governance in the weakest of nations, the support provided by the EU is used so as to secure the long-term future of developing countries. The European Development Fund (EDF) is the main facility for providing aid for enhancing development in African Caribbean Pacific (ACP) countries and Overseas countries and territories 109 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (OCT). The European Commission finances most if its developmental programs through the EDF with contributions totalling 22.7billion euro for the period of 2008-2013. What is the role of the EU in the Caribbean? In 2008, the Caribbean Forum of African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States (CARIFORUM) and the European Commission, signed a Financing Agreement totaling US$ 2.45 million to support the Caribbean Region in the Sustainable Management of its Energy Resources. As part of this total, CARICOM is contributing US$ 200,000. The project seeks to: a) Increase capacity development in the Caribbean region b) Increase investment into renewable energy projects c) Exploiting carbon trading investment opportunities Dominica has benefitted from EU funding under its ‘Geothermal Energy Development in the Caribbean’ project. This project seeks to explore the geothermal energy potential in Dominica based upon the results of an OAS Study conducted in 2005. European contributions to Caribbean efforts in renewable energy are also felt through the Euro- Caribbean Forum which is committed to assisting in the Caribbean region by: a) Sharing information and results derived from RET projects including replication of European experiences b) Indentifying potential RE projects in the Caribbean c) Promoting trade in RE devices and systems World Bank The World Bank is an avid supporter of renewable energy development in developing countries. For the year 2009, the World Bank reached record high investments for new renewable energy and energy efficiency with loans totalling US$3.1billion. The World Bank comprises of two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The bank provides low interest loans, interest-free credits and grants to developing countries to support projects aimed at enhancing growth on a national scale. By focusing on achieving the Millennium Development Goals the Bank delivers technical, financial and other assistance to those most in need of guidance and where it can make the greatest impact and promote socio-economic growth. What is the role of the World Bank in the Caribbean? The World Bank has supported many projects geared towards Climate Change and Renewable Energy Sector development in the Caribbean. In 2003 the World Bank launched the Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change Project for LAC countries. As SIDS are most vulnerable to the effects of Climate change, the world bank accepted the tasks of preparing the Caribbean islands of the associated and projected impacts of climate change and continued increases in carbon dioxide emissions. The Agence France de Development (AFD), Fonds Francais pour l’Environnement Mondial (FFEM) and French Environment and Energy Agency (ADEME) These French institutions are the main funding agencies currently responsible for geothermal feasibility, development and interconnection standards in Dominica. These three agencies are multi-lateral international funding agencies providing structured grants and loans for the development of projects enabling growth in developing countries. West Indies Power Holding BV 110 Sustainable Energy Action Plan – Antigua and Barbuda This is a Caribbean based IPP specializing in Geothermal development. WIPH is owned by Caribbean and European shareholders and is registered in the Netherland Antilles. WIPH is in charge of geothermal development in Nevis and Dominica. The first geothermal power plant in Nevis is expected to be completed in 2010. Environmental Foundation of Jamaica (EFJ) The EFJ was established in 1993 between the Government of Jamaica and the US, with the prime role as supporter and promoter of sustainable activities which are geared towards the conservation and management of natural resources. To date, the facility has approved 1,134 projects to the tune of US$24 million. In the year 2008-2009, the EFJ has supported projects with an alternative energy focus; the main project being the Mango Valley and Dallas Castle Farmers. The funds obtained from the EFJ were used to implement solar and biogas energy systems. This in turn provided light and power from their agro-processing industries. Inter-American Foundation (IAF) This facility is an independent agency of the US government that provides grants to nongovernmental and community-based organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean for innovative, sustainable and participatory self-help programs. The IAF provides grants and fellowships under the following opportunities: a) Investment into grassroots development as part of the community community’s outreach or objectives. b) Partnership with the Institute of International Education (IIE) to supply fellowships which support dissertation work by candidates for PhD programs in the US. What is the role of the IAF in the Caribbean? Thus far, the IAF has provided parallel funding alongside the EFJ, Jamaica to support the introduction and implementation of alternative power generation for cottage industries in 2009. Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica (PCJ) Is a Jamaican Statuatory corporation, which operates under the Ministry of Energy and Mining with the exclusive rights to explore for oil, to develop and manage Jamaica’s petroleum and natural resources. However, since 1995 the PCJ has been mandated to develop indigenous renewable energy resources to prevent adverse effects on the environment and to assist the Government in realizing the goals of Jamaica Energy Sector policy. As such the PCJ has supported renewable energy development by: a) Implementing the Energy Conservation Incentive in Schools in 1993 b) Commissioning the Caribbean’s first large Wind Farm, Wigton with a capacity of 20.7MW. c) Establishing the Centre of Excellence in Renewable Energy in 2006 which is mandated to develop and diversify Jamaica’s energy mix with the use of RE, research, education and demonstration of new technologies and methods. As such, the PCJ has partnered with the IDB in 2009 to commence a three year study on wind and solar options for Jamaica. PCJ is contributing 22% of total costs of this project amounting to US$230,000. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) The FAO supports the implementation of sustainable energy practices that will protect the natural resource base which will halt the actions of natural resource degradation, increase conflicts over 111 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA scarce resources etc. The FAO of the UN supports both developed and developing countries in battling hunger as well as modernising and improving agricultural practices. The Natural Resource and Environment department is committed to developing and sharing technical and policy advice and knowledge to promote sustainable use of the earth’s resources in agricultural and bio-energy efforts. As such, the FAO partnered with the EFJ in 2008 to assist in funding the Dallas Castle & Mango Valley Farm Group with solar and biogas energy systems which will enhance the farming and energy practices of these two communities. Department for International Development (DFID) The DFID was installed by the UK government in 1997 to assist in meeting international and national targets: a) Millennium Development Goals of 2015 b) UK Government’s Public Service Agreements As such the DFID works to relief the effects of poverty in developing nations all over the world. To achieve this, the DFID works with a wide variety of international bodies, organizations, charities and NGOs including the World Bank, United Nations, As such 40% of DFID funding is distributed through multi-lateral agencies. In terms of renewable energy services, the DFID has played a major role in the Caribbean Island of Montserrat providing support services in the form of procurement and exploration services to determine the geothermal and wind potential in the island. 112