Policy and Strategy for the Forestry and Range Management Sub-Sectors

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J,i~ ,-i~ .l ,./ ,-i4Y-' ❖ ~.) ~.) ,-i,tl>}- .,, , ;~.) ♦:♦ 0;f-~.) '.,)j.).) ~Y..) joi ,i>.) , 1..-.>1 ,J ,J.i,~ ,, J,.r.,J! ,...,,,. .) ..S;l.ll .) ., ;,. .,s::> ~y , ,1 ..sjf' ,,- .l •!• .l 0} ... !.l ,-.J,J,, ,1 4->IY. .l .;,.. ,,jji, .J.,ii.~,, J,.r.,J! ,...,.,,, ,..... ,,. .) 0 }-~ .) ,-J.,r ~ .) 'j'.H .) •!• J ,J.i,~,,J,.r.'J! .) ,;Lo~ ~lo~,,,)~~.) •!• J ,J.i,~ .,, J,.r.,J! ~,,..) 0;~ ~ 1' <iJ.i~jl....., t.S ,J!i'---> .s1.JJ---!.o, .,. :~.J-04S""'P ~ 0}-i .l ., .!l> ,1 ..:...,s::> ~Y ,.) •!• .) ..s-f' ,.w.) ~".,,,-.Ji.,;,~ J,.r.'J! ,...,,. ~ ~ , ;,;;l&,o ,s:::;,i~ ,, ~ '-!. •!• J~~j,SJ.>.) POLICY AND STRATEGY FOR THE FORESTRY AND RANGE MANAGEMENT SUB-SECTORS A. Policy for Forestry and Range Management The policy is articulated as a vision for the long-term future as follows: The policy of the forestry and range management sub­ sectors is that the people and institutions throughout Afghanistan establish and maintain forest and range land covers and regimes of utilisation which achieve a balance between, on the one hand, maximisation of production and productivity in all agricultural land uses (dry land farming, irrigated farming, livestock husbandry, forest products, wildlife exploitation) and, on the other hand, effective maintenance and enhancement of the natural and wildlife resource bases. B. Strategy. for forestry and range management The strategies for Forestry and Range Management express how the above policy will be put into effect, as follows: 1. Strategies concerning regimes of utilisation Regimes of utilisation cover three main areas: (paragraph 1.1) the types of land use in forestry, range and . wildlife management, (paragraphs 1.2 and 1.3) the system for people and/or institutions to manage the forest, range or wildlife h \ 4) the system for people d (paragrap • urces. resource. an . hts to use the reso • . . have ng insutuuons to and/or of land use: \ 1 The type loit to the • 'd tify and exp ' ·1· rtners• sha\\ i en f sustainab1 ity, The sub-sector. pa t t within the bou~ds o \ d uses - as . Possible ex en d W1ldhfe an . maxim urn r forestry' range an eans of enhancing a\\ viable types o their own right, an~~ mted and dry \and producti~e assets m enera\ly, and for irnga th environment g e . • particular• farming in . \ement \and uses artners shall devise an~ un~hieve a balance The s~b-sect~~n!tions and measur~s. w~:hall agricultural land cype in com . isation of productivity ra\ resource b~, between maftix1~ enhancement of the n~tu ical conditions m uses and e ectiv~ d to the different p ys h. h are ta1\ore and w ic f Afghanistan, various parts o anise upstream d •se and org . artners shall evt stream irrigat1on The sub-sector p . ·r.cantlY benefit down hich sign111 h al \and uses . w a watershed approac • defined as Centr farmers using b tor partners are . . --tions the The su -sec . . l Adrntntsu.. ' • provincta Government, th rivate sector. C rnrnunities and e p o d/or institutions to The system for people an source and wildlife 1.2 manage the forest, range re resources: 2 The sub-sector partners shall adopt a community-based approach in forestry, range and wildlife management. This approach shall involve the transfer of effective management responsibilities for forestry and range resources within defined community geographical areas to communities in a manner which (i) creates value for community members (both in the form of productive resources - timber, firewood, better pasture, and as means of protecting natural resources from erosion), and (ii) develops wi~in communities th~ capacities to organise, operate and sustain the improved measures with a minimum of support from outside. 1.3 A Community focus in the planning of activities In planning and implementation of community forestry, range management and wildlife, the objective shall be the development of community capacities to discuss and decide upon the improved land uses to be implemented. Assistance from outside the community shall be provided in a manner which facilities the developments of • these community capacities and roles. 1.4 The system for people to have rights to use the resources Government shall devise and implement specific policies, strategies, legislation and practices for allocating user rights over forest land, rangeland and wildlife terrain to communities. These shall be founded upon • participatory action and processes, directly involving the target communities in discussions of options and decisions concerning rights over 3 land and water resources. They shall include mechanisms for reconciling land disputes. Land user rights contracts shall be of sufficient duration to allow communities to manage and invest in the forest, range and wildlife resources for their benefit, and shall take account of environmental factors. Land user rights contracts shall specify that communities will utilise the rights productively and will not damage the resource. Government shall monitor compliance of communities with these contract specifications. Government, in conjunction with communities, shall issue land user rights contracts in a fair and transparent manner, and which, as far as po~sible, confirms traditionally agreed forms of access to land uses. Communities shall develop elected committees for the management of land user rights in a manner which adds value to the forest and range resource user rights. Government shall put in place legislation and regulations which allow the elected community committees to generate and expend funds in their own names. 2. Strategies concerning the establishment of a sustained balance between, on the one hand, maximisation of production and productivity in all agricultural land uses (dryland fanning, irrigated farming, livestock husbandry, forest products, wildlife exploitation) and, on the other 4 hand effce . ' ct1ve m • the natural and . a1~tenance and e 2 I W1ld/ife resource b nhancement of • Integrated N ase aturaJ R esource M The sub anagement sector p range m artners shall . resource anagemem and wi/d/i i~p!~ment commu . irrigared management approa f~ inm atives Using ni~ fores1ry. ran and dry land . c which tak an Integrated thes~e1:::J Wildlife land c:;::mgdland uses a:s w~/~I acc ount of t uses Th ' an the re/ • as forest s rategies in th. e Partners shall t k at1onships betw ry. husbandry d e sub-sectors co a e full account f e~n all an the environment ncerned with crop . o na11 ona/ • Ping, animal 2.2 Assessment of I and suj tab ·1 • G Illy overnmem . i:~ deploy ~ :::::d:?Port from other a igated cropping d d land suitability PI rtn~rs, shall deve/ uses, togethe , . ry land cropp. c assification . op categories ;, With appro . mg, forestry and covering I . • , 11e • Pnate s bd· . range 1 d c ass1fica1io h mam Param u iv1sions f an n s al/ be c/irnat ~lers for the I d o. these e, SOIis, topograph an SUilability Y and slope. 2.3 Relationships a cross commun. The sub-sector Ity boundaries community fi . Partners shall with. . orestry ra pursue • In Individual c , nge managem Improvements . use reJa( • 0 mmunjr-,, ent and .1 in latt ionships exist ·J areas and in I WI d/ife both er case 1 . across c P aces h ' so utions sh II ommunity b w ere /and a , as fla oundar· r as Possib/ . ies. In the e, take Into account 5 informal contracts and agreements which existed previously. Regional Community representatives and Provincial administration shall mediate and facilitate the resolution of any difficulties in reaching agreement between communities. 2.4 Allocation of grazing lands to communities The sub-sector partners shall work together to create and develop community grazing areas for individual communities. Jn areas of traditional shared grazing, community leaders shall be encouraged (with facilitating help from other partners) to agree to a fair division of the formerly shared rangeland into individual community grazing areas or divisions within those areas, taking account of previous usage, differences in range quality and access to water. Regional Community representatives and Provincial administration shall intervene and facilitate the resolution of any difficulties in reaching agreement between communities. 2.5 Improving fodder supplies for domestic animals The sub-sector partners shall work together to implement improved regimes of food supply for domestic animals in which the emphasis shall initially be on shifting the balance of diet for sedentary herds from pasture to crop residues and fodder crops, thereby relieving pressure on the rangelands, improving water flow to irrigation schemes and allowing the development of improved migratory livestock production on distant pastures. 6 2.6 Combating drought and desertification The sub-se t c or Partners shall . ofddrou?ht in defining the fu:ebmto full account the haza d an environment h . re alance betw r including the d tn ancmg uses of forest land ee~ productive lhe introductione~r°J;;;i;tt:::: 1 co 1 nserviog m::h~~:!~8;! Pants. National government shall . :~rtocating people fromp:::eord implement programmes esser drought hazards extreme drought to . areas 2.7 The • main technical fields The technical emphas. . following main areas· is in community forestry shall b . h • em t e Productive purposes· fi (construction timbe • fi orest main products m d • • r, ueJ wo d fi e icmaJ plants) forest b. o ' ruit, nuts EnvironmenJ-e h' . !-products ' I n ancmg pur and from erosion, im poses: protection of ~Ydrology and provement of infiltratio • . run-off eh n, trngation, enh aracteristics fi . ancement f . or protection and enh o micro-climates "Jdl"fi ancement f , WI I e habitats o range areas and The technical emphas· . be in the fi JI • is m community ran o owing main areas: ge management shall Pro1uctive purposes· graz1 fi • h n~ or livestock arvestmg d ' , evelopment areas 7 Controlled rotational water spreading and of h. h ig value grazing • of Ses. protection h ·ng purpo • . Environment-en anc1 nt of infiltration, • • mproveme " \and from erosion, I ff characteristics ior hydrology and run-o of wildlife habitats. irrigation, protection d desertification (water reduction of droug~t an d the introduction of • mechanisms an conserving drought resistant plants) wildlife management . em hasis in community The technical p . eas· dn sha\\ be in the following mat~ a\ou;ism development, wi\ t e Productive purposes. d t in urposes: enhancement pro uc s Environment-enhanc g p biodiversity and \ d pes/features, . of natural an sc~ . contro\\ed exp\otat1on "\d\ife heritage (1ncludmg . ) w1 . f dangered species and protection o en h. 1 Coverage and . Geograp ica t Strategies conc~m1ng d forestry range managemen f C mmumty-base ' Targeting o 0 3. and wildlife development 3 1 A National Coverage . • . d put into practice h n devise an The sub-sector partners s a e for community forcst:Y, d I national prograrnm The maJor without e ay a d "\dlife development. f ran e management an w1 be (i) the establishment o a em~hasis of the Programme shall land suitability assessment \and user rights contrac~ s~stem, (1~) (iii) development among and planning at Pro~m~1a\ ~e:~1is and capacities to interface communities of orgamsauona s d (iv) development among with the private sector, an 8 communities of technical skills in forestry, range management, wildlife management and other land management techniques. Prior to the programme, the Department of Forestry and Range Management and other partners shall organise publicity campaigns to raise awareness about the urgency of addressing the current problems in the sub-sector, and the need for a programme with national coverage to address those problems. 3 .2 Targeting of implementation The programme shall start with a limited number of Projects in target areas which need urgent attention, and where the potential benefits of community forestry and range management are high. Programme methodology will be further developed, based on experience gained in the initial stage. Thereafter, the Programme shall proceed with priority in areas which are stable and secure, and where the regional and local leaders are in support of the approach. 4. The Strategic Roles of People and Institutions in Forestry and Range Management The Strategic roles defined below are in line with those in the Strategic Policy Framework for the Agricultural Sector. 4.1 Communities The commllllities have the functions of orgamsmg and implementing community forestry and community range 9 management on their own community lands in an essentially independent manner. Their main roles are: Creation of committees for the planning and organisation of implementation Discussion and decision making concerning local strategies for community forestry, range management and other land uses (including cross-boundary strategies if applicable) Provision of organisation and labour for organisation, construction and maintenance of field activities, including nursery establishment and management, seed testing and stratification Local monitoring and evaluation within community areas Accessing market information Accessing essential services. Organisation of market produce sales At present, the communities lack the technical knowledge, skills and resources to carry out the majority of these tasks. lt is the role of other partners to help community members acquire and deploy the skills and resources. 4.2 Central Government The strategic roles of Central Government are: Establishment of a legal system for transfer of user rights over forest and rangelands to communities, and associated land allocation procedures Organisation of national publicity Preparation of National Programmes and Projects, including definition of priority target areas ~oordination of National im~lementation, including orga . Pr~gram~e and Project assistance, national baselinemsat10n of mtemational donor evaluation surveys, monitoring and Amendment to sub-sector strateg Y as necessary In dd' • a it1on Government shall establi Forest Research Facility w'th t lsh and operate one Central zon Th ' 1 est P ots in fo es. e research emphasis h II b ur agro-ecological community forestry in part· I s a . e on the demands of d d . . , icu ar testing g wth a~ a aptab1hty of various nat' d ro characteristics w1t h special emphasis on ';:s~n se~ected exotic varieties, resistance and drought resistance. growing species, disease 4.3 Provincial Administration The strategic r I f p • 0 es O rovmcial Ad • • • mm1strat10n are: Maintenance of law and d • maintenance of civil peac or ed with special reference to social justice in land 11 e ~n security, transparency and . a ocat1on pr • prevention of illegal I d , ~ventlon of smuggling conditions an uses, mamtenance of free trad~ Implementation of allocation • • range lands of land user nghts over forest and Maintenance of go contracts vernment conditions in land allo t' . · ea 10n Provmcial resource invento • Provision of assistance to cry and ~l~nn mg Mediation and arbitrationo:;numt1~s m technical fields Repre~entatives) special areas (with Regional Organisation of publicity with' p • m rovmces 11 Existing Forestry and Range Management Department staff in the Provinces (initially supported by Specialist Consultant organisations and NGOs) shall play key roles in planning community act1v1t1es and training communities in organisational skills, technical skills and interfacing with markets/the private sector. Training will be given to staff in facilitating approaches to the planning ai:id implementation of community forestry, range management and wildlife development. 4.4 Regional/Community Representatives Regional leaders have roles in conjunction with Provincial Administration, as follows: Mediation and arbitration in special areas (with Provincial Administration) Organisation of publicity within Provinces 4.5 International agencies Provision of support and funds for progression of land user rights Provision of support and funds for National and Provincial Government institutional strengthening and capacity building Provision of support and funds for implementation of projects Provision of supporting technical advisory and information services 4.6 Specialist consultant organisations and NGOs Provision of technical support to Provincial Government and communities in planning community activities 12 Training of co .. The b m1;1un1ties in organisati . Ra : ove organisations shall assist thon;J an d t~chnica/ skills ser~~: ~;:~~;'~~nt Depart~nent stall ;~~,:~::/ l:ores try ~nd from th community forest and ecc1ve m e consultant organisations/NGO range management s. 4.7 The Private Sector p .. rov1s1on of inputs ;rov is!on of technical services rov1s1on of market I' k in s and market information. 13