National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR) 2025-2031

1. Task Allocation: Assigning roles, responsibilities, and tasks to relevant authorities for the effective implementation of measures to combat antimicrobial resistance.

2. Implementation Oversight: Supervising the execution of assigned tasks, policies, regulations, and responsibilities related to antimicrobial resistance.

3. Program Coordination: Collaborating with other health programs to ensure alignment with the provisions of the International Health Regulations.

4. Legislative Recommendations: Proposing and approving legislation aimed at curbing antimicrobial resistance.

5. Data Management: Reviewing collected data and analysis on antimicrobial resistance, and disseminating relevant information to national authorities.

6. International Submissions: Securing necessary approvals for submitting data to international organizations upon request.

7. Research Planning: Identifying and recommending research priorities in the field of antimicrobial resistance. Recommending AMR research fund allocation. 15 | P a g e This national action plan is still based on the last global action plan on antimicrobial resistance by the World Health Organization 2015. Objective 1: Improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance through effective communication, education and training. in different settings (human, animals, agriculture and environment): Objective 2: Strengthen the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research This objective aims to enable decisions to be taken based on robust surveillance. data Objective 3: Reduce the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures: The aim is to reduce the need for, and unintentional exposure to, antimicrobials. A whole-system approach to infection prevention and control (IPC) will be adopted, ensuring, improved diagnostics and treatment in different settings (humans, animals, agriculture and the environment) and improve vaccination coverage. The objective will be achieved through public engagement and education Objective 4: Optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health: The purpose is to optimize the use of antimicrobials, by appropriate prescribing and disposal. Aim to improve the use of antimicrobials to preserve future effectiveness. 16 | P a g e Creating an AMR workforce – this aims to raise awareness among the workforce in human health, animal health and agriculture to improve the optimal use of antimicrobials Clinical examples include creating clinical decision support, an appropriate system ensuring appropriate prescribing and disposal, in addition to behavioral interventions. Objective 5: Develop UAE specific economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of the country and to increase investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions: This objective includes innovation, supply and access. It calls on the life sciences sector to prioritize the development of new approaches to diagnose and treat infections, the development of vaccines to prevent infections as well as the development of new antimicrobials. Health disparities and health inequalities – this aims to improve the information available to identify more specific regions and populations within the UAE where the burden of AMR is greatest. This will help to target future interventions where they will have the greatest impact. Ensure adequate investments to incorporate artificial intelligence and big data analytics in AMR and ASP. 17 | P a g e Objective 6: One Health approach Strengthened surveillance – Cross-Sector Collaboration for surveillance systems to be further enhanced to collect and analyze data on resistant microorganisms from various sources, including humans, animals, agriculture, and the environment through collaboration between different public health officials’ veterinarians, environmental scientists, agricultural experts, and the private sector. This aims to improve understanding of AMR through the capability to measure, predict and understand how resistant microorganisms spread across and between humans, animals, agriculture and the environment. Capacity Building: Investing in infrastructure and training for surveillance systems is essential. This includes improving laboratory capabilities, standardizing data management systems, and the skills of personnel involved in surveillance. Additional objective: AMR diplomacy • Prevention and preparedness • Access and stewardship • Antimicrobial use in farming • Standards for manufacturing and waste management 18 | P a g e Objective- Governance and infrastructure Domain Activity Timeline Responsible Entity Indicator Target Well-staffed multidisciplinary unit/section (minimum 2) based on a Unit developed thorough activity- MOHAP with clear Infrastructure Develop a unit/department for AMR based calculations, 2025 Undersecretary organization organization in MOHAP workload and analysis, office structure, mission, Staff with expertise in vision and values infectious diseases, IPC, One Health, microbiology, and policy development. 19 | P a g e MOHAP & MOCCAE–through Provide recommendations for the units that mandates and legislations for the Ongoing NA would be ministries to improve AMR developed Percentage of licenses issued that had AMR MOHAP, DHA, Facility audits to include elements audited Partially DoH and other infrastructure and AMR elements for More than 95% achieved authorities licensing and relicensing 20 | P a g e Objective 1 - To improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance through effective communication, education and training: Domain Activity Timeline Responsible Entity Indicator Target • Integrate IPC/AMR education into AMR orientation programs and annual Education for competencies and on yearly licensing and 100% compliance basis, in all facilities. Develop relicensing of digital modules with completion MOHAP Percentage of health-related MOCCAE and all tracking. Follow example of EHS authorities professions in related to mandate such requirement, on 2027 mandating AMR human health, emirate/local a national level. education for veterinary, agencies and • Logistics to be discussed with licensing organizations food, MOHAP licensing body again. agriculture and • Communicate with different environment health authorities on the process sectors All authorities of implementing such a requisite 21 | P a g e • Contact MOCCAE for related workers in their field • Survey to check basic information for HCWs • Link IPC/AMR education to licensing software systems % of post Develop curricula for AMR and IPC graduate courses Increase by 10% MOHAP for postgraduate and specialty 2028 that have yearly MOE programs in humans and veterinary introduced AMR curricula Develop educational courses for IPC % of facilities that and ASP and/or accredited Increase by 10% 2028 MOHAP are enrolled in this professional certificates for human yearly course health professionals 22 | P a g e Develop educational courses or use MOCCAE and all accredited professional certification related % of facilities that Increase by 10% for IPC and ASP for veterinary 2028 emirate/local are enrolled in this yearly professionals agencies and course organizations Proposal for • Define the core components of MOE to educational material that should include IPC& be included in different university AMR curricula Percentage of education in • Central committee to approve the MOHAP specialties that the 2028 Increase by 5% yearly developed curricula MOE have IPC & AMR undergraduate • MOHAP to address MOE education universities for • Create a survey to check if this health related information is included in and veterinary curricula colleges 23 | P a g e AMR Percentage of awareness Develop a KPI or a process to MOHAP schools that have Increase by 10% 2028 education in measure implementation MOE AMR education in yearly schools their curriculum • Hotels, Malls and hospital waiting areas • Preparation of media material for: o TV/radio spots o Phone waiting time entertainment Public 2026 and Improve awareness by o SMS messages MOHAP Twice a year awareness ongoing 5% o Pop up advertisement on social media • Employ the Infectious disease society and microbiology society to collaborate on this under EMA for reaching the public with 24 | P a g e pre/post surveys) to measure the effectiveness of awareness interventions Conduct survey with new components for public awareness Improve awareness by and compare with previous survey 2025 MOHAP Every 3 years 10% results Public MOCCAE and all awareness related Improve awareness by emirate/local AMR messages in municipalities agencies and 5% of farms and and farmers’ centers yearly 2026 Twice a year organizations centers receiving activities education 25 | P a g e Objective 2- To strengthen the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research Objective Activity Timeline Responsible Entity Indicator Target • Review of ToR and modify MOHAP members list of the national & All health surveillance subcommittee authorities • Nominate Members from animal New decree with health Infrastructure updated ToR and Updated decree every • Nominate Members from Dubai 2025 organization members every 2 2 years municipality MOCCAE years • All health sectors to nominate a and all related lab as reference lab. emirate/local • MOHAP will nominate focal agencies and point organizations Promote self- • Resend the surveillance 5% increase yearly in governance reporting mandate to all MOHAP and all Number of number of facilities authorities Ongoing health authorities And capacity facilities joining joining building 26 | P a g e • Define AMR surveillance guidelines for human, animal, agriculture and environment • Develop AMR surveillance laboratory requirements audit Number of checklist to be circulated to MOCCAE and all licensing departments. related WHONET • Ensure all labs are accredited emirate/local workshops 4 sessions per year ISO/CAP agencies and conducted and the • Ensure microbiology quality organizations use of the control software • Periodic training for microbiologists at laboratories • Develop Regional reference laboratory terms of reference guide • Build reporting capacity for labs through periodic WHONET training 27 | P a g e • Legislation to report all WHO critical organisms to central lab/ Epidemiologic in case of outbreak al • Self-reporting Survey on AMR lab Create reporting representation requirements includes: Questions MOHAP and all 2028 portal, number of Survey every 3 years of the about crucial microbiological health authorities surveys submitted surveillance techniques, Results of external quality control, Type of labs accreditation, Availability of staff trained for WHONET Surveillance • Add fungal infection surveillance informative • Develop standardized/unified forms for data collection, beyond Percentage of expanding to include further reporting to MOHAP and all facilities reporting 10% increase yearly information on demographics, 2028 GLASS health authorities as per the treatment given and outcomes for epidemiological anlysis standard of • Reinforce to have each patient MOHAP with the same de-identifier so 28 | P a g e repeated samples can be identified easily • Report “no growth” • Patient days/ tertiary Vs primary Percentage care reporting no 10% increase yearly • Surveillance report of invasive organisms for benchmarking with growth from total EARS-Net or other international surveillance systems • Rapid diagnostic information Percentage of inclusion in the Surveillance facilities reporting 10% increase yearly • Incentivizing rapid diagnostics rapid diagnostic through insurance results reimburessment especially for larger or more specialized hospitals • Study the possibility of biobanking AMR organisms samples and future gene- sequencing 29 | P a g e Surveillance of • Surveillance of invasive infections AMR burden in • Surveillance of HAI caused by MDROs thorough mandate from Human health MOHAP MOHAP and all Percentage of • All UAE priority pathogens to be 2028 health authorities facilities reporting 10% increase yearly actively archived and shared with respective academic committee membership for expanded national AMR research • Develop AMR surveillance MOCCAE, related guidelines in animal colleges and all related Document 2029 Document published emirate/local developed agencies and Establish AMR organizations surveillance in • Develop/Improve reporting of the MOCCAE and all Veterinary field current compilation of data based related 2029 Percentage of on sick animal cultures to include emirate/local 5% increase yearly facilities reporting the total number of organisms, agencies and organizations 30 | P a g e type of animal, time frame, and geographic distribution. • Select Surveillance of priority organisms, sites to be included, results to be included according to lab, method of stratification of the data. • Store and share all major pathogens long term for research • Develop baseline carriage surveillance in the healthy animals • Collaborate with MOCCAE, ADAFSA, QCC and other MOCCAE and all muncipalities for priority related Percentage of organisms. 2029 emirate/local facilities 5% increase yearly Expanding ADAFSA experience to agencies and reporting, other Emirates organizations • long term Storage and sharing of all major pathogens for research 31 | P a g e Establish AMR Identify what is being tested in MOCCAE and all surveillance in terms of resistant organisms and related 2028 Percentage of antimicrobial residue in food emirate/local 5% increase yearly food facilities reporting Identify the gaps. agencies and organizations • Review international laws MOCCAE and all regarding AMR in food related 2028 Percentage of emirate/local 5% increase yearly facilities reporting agencies and organizations Collaboration • Whole genome sequencing of MOHAP, MOCCAE Percentage of with UAE priority organisms or and all related outbreaks with outbreaks to define AMR 2029 emirate/local 5% increase yearly universities for whole genome epidemiology agencies and research areas sequencing study One health study organizations MOHAP, MOCCAE Percentage of List the priority organism for one and all related sites collaborating health (human, animal, food and 2029 emirate/local 5% increase yearly in the data environment) surveillance agencies and collection organizations 32 | P a g e • Terms of reference for NRL Number of labs to be reviewed MOHAP and all authorities with • Create a guideline for National 2026 health authorities reference All health authorities reference lab per health laboratories authority and the requiremens MOCCAE and all Establish for the AMR surveillance related national AMR reporting labs. percentage of 5% increase yearly 2029 emirate/local surveillance • Develop National reference lab agencies and sites covered by reference for animal health organizations each authority laboratory in Provide technical support and Percentage of training for the laboratories on 2027 MOHAP sites that are 5% increase yearly reporting of AMR to the national trained surveillance system Capacity building for molecular Percentage of MOHAP and all epidemiology for national AMR 2028 sites that report 5% increase yearly authorities surveillance, human sector molecular data Capacity building for high-quality MOCCAE Sentinel sites to microbiological data for animal and 2029 ADASFA be chosen for 5% increase yearly environment CVRL surveillance in 33 | P a g e Municipalities animal and Universities/ environmental colleges factors and all related emirate/local Human health agencies and and animal organizations health Continuing the process of capacity building and complete Percentage of Ongoing MOHAP Increase by 5% yearly WHONET training forthe selected facilities trained labs Develop specific location on Link creation MOHAP website for AMR 2028 MOHAP process Link created research links, needs and completion publication 34 | P a g e Objective 3- To reduce the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures Target Objective Activity Timeline Responsible Entity Indicator Develop IPC program on national Establish level and publish on MOHAP website Document A document /adopt national 2026 MOHAP to be circulated to all authorities for published IPC guidelines dissemination Facility audits to include Infrastructure Mandate with all infrastructure and AMR elements for A document 2027 MOHAP representatives licensing and relicensing issued Capacity Minimum requirement for IPC staffing for secondary and tertiary building for the Mandate with all healthcare facilities is 1 IPC for every MOHAP and all personnel in 2025 representatives A document 100 beds; however, the IPC program authorities charge of IPC issued shall be staffed according to hospital at size, type of care, population cared 35 | P a g e hospital/emirat for, complexity, level of risk and e/national scope of services. Mandate that professionals working levels 2027 Mandate with all as IPC physicians or practitioners MOHAP representatives A document have certain qualification/training in issued each facility Mandate pre-employment basic IPC Mandate with all 2026 MOHAP and all training for all staff as part of representatives A document authorities orientation and annually thereafter issued Explore the possibility of MOHAP and Discussion with diploma/master’s degrees in 2029 Initiating a course universities universities universities Inclusion of IPC in long checklist related Prepare or adopt national IPC MOHAP and all term care 2028 to IPC in LTCF in Inclusion of the check guidelines for LTCF authorities facilities (LTCF) the licensing and list relicensing 36 | P a g e requirements of these facilities WHO self-reporting survey to Increase facilities % facility develop and mandate to all facilities MOHAP and all involved by 10% per 2026 participated in the to submit periodically authorities survey survey Mandate to authorities to submit all the data requested related to IPC % of facilities that Increase number of KPIs to be submitted from each MOHAP and all 2026 participate in data facilities by 5-10% facility regularly. authorities Conduct collection yearly Possible reinforcement with surveillance of penalties HAI Mandate to authorities to submit all % of facilities that Increase number of the data requested related to MDRO MOHAP and all 2028 participate in data facilities by 5-10% HAI from all facilities regularly. authorities collection yearly Mandate to submit Hand hygiene % of facilities that Increase number of data by all facilities and MOHAP and all 2027 participate in data facilities by 5-10% reinforcement through respected authorities collection yearly authority 37 | P a g e Letters to universities to find IPC research opportunities for research in IPC in MOHAP Health national facilities authorities Number of studies 2027 1 study every year research Conduct local study on clinical Colleges and per year agenda impact of HAI /AMR universities Ensure all elements of IPC are MOCCAE and all covered in the mandates and >50% of regulations related Number of Biosafety & regulations related to biosafety in 2027 emirate/local regulations reviewed Biosecurity veterinary, agriculture, environment agencies and reviewed and food safety fields laws in the organizations veterinary world, MOCCAE and all Number of Develop national infection control Increase number of agriculture and related program/ policies in animal health facilities 2027 emirate/local facilities by 5% yearly food safety and husbandry. With monitoring tool participate in the agencies and for implementation monitoring tools organizations 38 | P a g e Objective 4- To optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and in animal health Objective Activity Timeline Responsible Entity Indicator Target • Update TOR and modify New decree with members list of the national ASP subcommittee updated ToR and Decree updated every Infrastructure 2026 MOHAP • Members from animal health members every 2 2 years organization (add-hock) years Members from public health awareness (add-hock) Establish the role of Emirati Drug MOHAP EDE role in AMR Establishment (EDE) in ASP 2026 Publish EDE role EDE agreed • Develop a committee for animal MOCAE and all health and agriculture related 2027 emirate/local Decree issued Decree issued agencies and organizations 39 | P a g e Antimicrobial • Report monitoring system for antimicrobials dispensed without dispensing in MOHAP and all Mark the level of Report received by prescreption in animal health 2027 Human health authorities the current MOHAP • (e.g. random sampling, practice pharmacy audit, etc.) • Monitor dispense without % of prescription process antimicrobials In less than 20% and dispensed without to reduce by 5% MOHAP and all 2028 prescription out of annually authorities the prescriptions reviewed • Develop a monitoring system for MOCCAE and all antimicrobials dispensed without related Monitoring system Antimicrobial Mark the level of the prescreption in animal health 2027 emirate/local for antimicrobials dispensing in current practice (e.g. random sampling pharmacy agencies and dispensed without Animal health audit, etc.) organizations 40 | P a g e prescription is developed % of MOCCAE and all antimicrobials Reduce by 5% related • Pilot the dispense without dispensed without annually 2028 emirate/local prescription monitoring process prescription out of agencies and the prescriptions organizations reviewed • ASP mandate in pipeline Mandate The document Promote self- • All JCI accredited hospitals developed and developed and MOHAP and health should have ASP 2027 governance authorities published published Survey for ASP core component %facilities A survey • Iimplementation will be sent out participating to MOHAP and health 2027 conducted every 3 to all facilities to be repeated authorities increase by 10% each after 2-3 years years time. 41 | P a g e Mandate to Legislation of • Propose protected time for include protected strewardship activity ASP to be a time in job • Propose the possiblity of a requirement in description of mandatory digital course for ASP licensing clinical pharmacist fundamental to all physicians and standards of pharmacist. MOHAP and all and all ASP 2028 Circular issued hospitals authorities committee members Mandate to include ASP training Number of 2 guidelines per year • Related guidelines are established Ongoing MOHAP and all guidelines per and disseminated authorities year • Older guidelines reviewed and updated if required 42 | P a g e • Survey on Antibiotic consumption Consumption Increase by 5% every (Augmentin, Azithromycin, calculation, year ceftriaxone) distributed awaiting ASP in increase number replay outpatient of facilities • National antibiotic consumption clinics reporting committee will monitor Abx consumption • Involve community pharmacies in % of private data collection MOHAP and all Increase by 5% every 2029 pharmacy groups • Antibiotic prescription platform authorities year involved proposal % of private MOHAP and all pharmacy groups • Evedience of enforcement oft he Increase by 5% every 2026 authorities involved law of antibiotic dispensing year Reports on violations • Develop unified electronic MOHAP and all % of facilities Increase by 5% every prescription linked to platform for 2029 authorities linked to the year platform 43 | P a g e dispensing under MOHAP and authorities • Link of antibiotic prescription to MOHAP and all % of antimicrobial insurance.Link insurance approval 2027 authorities prescriptions that Increase by 5% yearly of antibiotic to national guidelines are linked • Surgical prophylaxis ASP in • UTI, IAI and CSSTI • Pediatrics RTI and UTI hospitals • RTI adults • Sepsis • CNS Infections • GI infections number of MOHAP and all • Endocarditis ongoing guidelines % achieved from plan authorities • Gynecological infections and published STDs • Bone and joints infection New guidelines roll out decided by ASP subcommittee for adults and pediatrics 44 | P a g e National guidelines for use and ASP subcommittee 2026 Guideline Guidelines published implementation of rapid diagnostics task force Developed Encourage use of rapid diagnostics % of large in facilities with either high 2025 and MOHAP and all facilities use rapid Increase by 5% yearly specialization or with high use of ongoing authorities diagnostics antibiotics % Of facilities participating. Antimicrobial Conduct point prevalence in a Periodica Reduction in HAI, consumption MOHAP and all representative sample and compare lly every reserve 5 % change every time in Human authorities to previous PP 3-4 years antimicrobial use health reduction • Circular mandating antimicrobial Number of MOHAP, MOCCAE consumption data Submission 2026 facilities Increase by 5% yearly and all authorities yearly submitting data 45 | P a g e Surveillance of • Meeting with CMO’s and MOHAP and all 2026 ABX use in authority proposal and a forum authorities 70% attendance Meeting executed during WAAW 2026 humans and • Develop list of ASP focal point at Number of animals 2026 MOHAP and all hospitals facilities Increase by 5% yearly authorities submitting Number of • Monitoring Abx consumption 2027 MOHAP and all antimicrobials/dia through E-claim authorities gnoses monitored Increase by 5% yearly Survey based on international 2025 number of MOHAP and all National follow recommendations for Implementing every 3-4 facilities authorities Increase by 5% yearly up on ASP years submitting survey antimicrobial Develop a framework to increase MOCCAE and all Animal/food/agricul Framework stewardship capability of different laboratory Achieve 50% of need 2029 ture/environment developed and activities and investigations in animal health, such and increase by 5% authorities needs identified results as antimicrobial susceptibility testing annually 46 | P a g e National circular for MOCCAE and all related Number of antimicrobial Mandate to monitor antimicrobials 2027 emirate/local facilities Increase by 5% yearly residue in residue agencies and submitting survey food, animal organizations feed and the environment Sharing experience between facilities Number of and creating an award for best 2026 ASP subcommittee Increase by 5% yearly facilities involved project proposal. AMS annual Dispensing event for antimicrobials sharing Develop a system to improve the MOHAP and all without experience dispensing of antimicrobials from 2026 Increase by 5% yearly authorities prescription private pharmacies. In humans monitoring system 47 | P a g e MOCCAE and all Develop a system to improve the related monitoring and dispensing of emirate/local % facilities 2027 Increase by 5% yearly antimicrobials from pharmacies in agencies and audited veterinary medicine and farming organizations MOCCAE and all Develop guidelines with monitoring related tool for specific infectious diseases emirate/local Number of Animal health in different animal categories 2028 agencies and guidelines 1-2 per year guidelines organizations 48 | P a g e Objective 5- To develop the economic case for sustainable investment Objective Activity Timeline Responsible Entity Indicator Target Improve visibility of the Create the AMR section as part of work of the MOHAP website and MOCCAE Section created Data updates committee and website as a platform for networking 2027 and data uploaded periodically provide a and dissemination of all information platform for and activities related to AMR MOHAP & broadcasting MOCCAE all the activities of the AMR dashboard Dashboard created different axes Develop AMR dashboard on human 2031 developed and updated regularly of the AMR and animal level NAP MOHAP & health Program Enhance safe authorities Initiate program for safe disposal of developed with disposal of MOCCAE and all antimicrobial agents in community 2028 facilities and % facilities involved antimicrobial related emirate/local thought Safe Disposal initiatives public agents agencies and organizations involvement 49 | P a g e Objective 6- One Health approach Objective Activity Timeline Responsible Entity Indicator Target Create Appoint different members from Comprehensiv Circular/ decree Published decree/ MOOCAE, ADAFSA and e one health circular municipalities representing all committee emirates and representatives from 2026 MOCCAE/ MOHAP with National veterinary, plant food and Action Plan for environment fields, in addition to published meeting Minimum 2 per year universities and some human health combatting minutes representation AMR Data sharing MOCCAE/ MOHAP Create data sharing platform/ and all related Published decree/ and guideline for One Health AMR 2029 emirate/local Circular/ decree epidemiologica analysis circular agencies and l analysis organizations 50 | P a g e Directive to ensure all pathogens are stored for genomic analysis studies with university committee partners MOHAP/ all health authorities, Organize the AMR awareness MOCCAE and all Committee Committee created committee to target different 2028 related created with ToR sectors emirate/local agencies and Awareness for organizations Present a detailed report about the MOCCAE/ ADAFSA farmers, applied biosafety laws that are and municipalities veterinary, % facilities applied in UAE in veterinary, and all related Increase number of food and 2026 audited for Laws agriculture, environment and food emirate/local facilities by 5% yearly environment implementation safety fields and theidentified gaps agencies and if any organizations MOCCAE/ To review the laws related to perform situation ADAFSA, % of KPI targets antimicrobial use in animals that 2027 analysis of the municipalities and achieved are available in UAE laws legislations and all related 51 | P a g e emirate/local control of agencies and Antibiotic use in organizations veterinary/ food/ agriculture world and develop KPIs to improve gaps MOCCAE/ ADAFSA, Review the list of pesticides municipalities and Facilities audit for Increase number of accepted in the country and check 2027 all related list of pesticides facilities by 5% yearly what agents are being used emirate/local used agencies and organizations MOCCAE/ ADAFSA, Random sampling Present the results of antimicrobial Increase number of 2028 municipalities and for antibiotics residue in food to ASP committee items by 5% yearly all related residue emirate/local 52 | P a g e agencies and organizations MOCCAE/ ADAFSA Establish inter- and municipalities/ ministerial All related Incorporate IPC in one health communicatio 2029 emirate/local advice approach n regarding agencies and AMR and IPC organizations/ MOHAP MOHAP /MOCCAE/ ADAFSA / Initiate research for resistance municipalities/ One health pattern among different areas, like Universities / All Study completed and 2028 A study initiated research human, animal, agriculture and related data analyzed environment with universities emirate/local agencies and organizations 53 | P a g e Objective- AMR diplomacy Target Objective Activity Timeline Responsible Entity Indicator Foster collaboration among GCC Number of member states to develop unified Regional & participants strategies, share expertise, and international Ongoing MOHAP Involved in 1-2 per year implement joint initiatives aimed at collaboration guidelines and combating antimicrobial resistance research (AMR). 54 | P a g e References:

1. National Strategy and Action Plan for Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR) | Ministry of Health and Prevention - UAE -2019-2024

2. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050, GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators, Lancet 2024; 404: 1199–226 Published Online September 16, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(24)01867-1

3. Confronting antimicrobial resistance 2024 to 2029, UK 5-year action plan for antimicrobial resistance 2024 to 2029, Updated 8 May 2024

4. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Second antimicrobial resistance action plan 2022- 2025, 5 October 2023

5. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990-2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 20250, GBD 2021 antimicrobial resistance collaborators, volume 404, issue 10459, P 119901226, September 28, 2024 6. https://www.who.int/teams/surveillance-prevention-control-AMR/nap-amr- implementation-handbook?utm_source=chatgpt.com 7. https://leap.unep.org/en/countries/ae/national-legislation/national-strategy- and-action-plan-combating-antimicrobial?utm_source=chatgpt.com 8. https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/d919cbe3-77d0-4116-a543- 6d4b179e7a09?utm_source=chatgpt.com 9. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214- 109X%2823%2900019-0/fulltext?utm_source=chatgpt.com 10. https://new.amrcountryprogress.org/country/united-arab-emirates/ 55 | P a g e 11. https://www.who.int/teams/surveillance-prevention-control-AMR/national- action-plan-monitoring-evaluation/library-of-national-action-plans 12. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/directory-guidance- prevention-and-control/antimicrobial-resistance-strategies 13. https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/programs/AR-actions- events.html 56 | P a g e