Uzbekistan [individual carrying CBU bars] → Japan → Switzerland (refine) · Bank onboarding, title transfer and settlement

Public law and official guidance, published as research. Not legal, tax or financial advice.

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Uzbekistan (Doré bar - unstamped → 999.9 kilobar) ⟶ Japan (999.9 kilobar) ⟶ Switzerland (999.9 kilobar → LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar)

Not researched: Uzbekistan → Japan, Japan → Switzerland

Leg 1: Uzbekistan

Where the goods start

Doré bar - unstamped → 999.9 kilobar

1
File the notification for acquiring precious metals (replaced licensing under ZRU-1059)
Who
Jewellery producer (domestic buyer of refined gold)
Issues
Notification of acquisition of precious metals
Primary law
- Law ZRU-1059, Art. 3
2
Buy refined gold at an exchange auction (15% prepayment / deferral mechanism to 1.1.2026; LBMA-AM-based discount of 1-4% linked to jobs created)
Who
Jewellery producer (domestic buyer of refined gold)
Needs
Notification of acquisition of precious metals
Issues
Exchange trade contract / certificate for precious metals
Primary law
- PP-452 of 23.12.2022, pp.1-2
3
Alternatively sell to the jeweller by direct contract with instalments (allowed to 1.1.2030) or directly from the refinery (ZRU-1059)
Who
State mining and metallurgical combine (industrial gold miner)
Primary law
- PP-207 of 26.06.2025, p.3(v)
4
Deliver the metal to the jeweller through Uzmilliybank on a commodity invoice, drawing on regional stocks
Who
Commercial bank (precious-metal operations, incl. Uzmilliybank as distribution agent)
Needs
Exchange trade contract / certificate for precious metals
Issues
Commodity invoice for metal supplied through Uzmilliybank (PP-452 p.3(b))
Primary law
- PP-452, p.3(b)
5
Buy measured bars from the CBU and sell them (and gram gold in mobile apps) to identified individuals and legal entities at LBMA-fixing-based prices; buy back bars in intact packaging
Who
Commercial bank (precious-metal operations, incl. Uzmilliybank as distribution agent)
Issues
Bank client identification record for bar / gram-gold purchase; CBU gold bar sealed packaging with unique serial number (certificate)
Form
Monetary gold (central bank reserve) → 999.9 kilobar
Official guidance
- CBU regulation No. 3698 (03.11.2025)
6
Buy CBU 999.9 bars (5-100 g) from a commercial bank, keeping the sealed packaging with serial number
Who
Individual holder of CBU gold bars
Issues
CBU gold bar sealed packaging with unique serial number (certificate)
Official guidance
7
Complete a passenger customs declaration when the export norms are exceeded (gold jewellery up to 65 g needs none)
Who
Individual holder of CBU gold bars
Needs
CBU gold bar sealed packaging with unique serial number (certificate)
Issues
Passenger customs declaration
Primary law
- UP-6066 of 22.09.2020; PP-452 p.4, p.1 (UP-6066)
8
Carry the bars out of the country with no quantity limit, with the certificate (undamaged packaging)
Who
Individual holder of CBU gold bars
Needs
CBU gold bar sealed packaging with unique serial number (certificate)
Primary law
- UP-6066

Taxes and fees

Profit tax with 50% rate on excess profitability (NMMC)
15% on taxable profit up to 15% of revenue; 50% on profit in excess of 15% of revenue (2024 and 2025)
SecondaryAmount not confirmed
- PP-455 of 25.12.2024 (for 2025)
Special rent tax on mineral extraction
Minimum 25% of the taxable base
SecondaryAmount not confirmed
- Tax Code as amended by ZRU-741 of 29.12.2021, Arts 454-1 to 454-7
Subsoil use tax on gold (royalty)
7% (gold, silver, copper); from 1.1.2026 local councils may apply an increasing coefficient of up to 1.3 to subsoil use tax (non-metallic materials and cement limestone excepted) Extracted gold
SecondaryAmount not confirmed
- Tax Code, Chapter 64; rates in Art. 452
Subsoil use tax on gold (historical rate)
5% Gold, 2012
SecondaryAmount not confirmed
- Presidential Resolution PP-1675 of 30.12.2011, Appendix 14

Controls

Prospector permits cannot be transferred to third parties and mercury use is prohibited.
Primary law
- Law ZRU-987, Art. 121
Dealers in precious metals and stones, pawnshops and purchase points are reporting entities under Law 660-II, supervised by the Ministry of (Economy and) Finance; STRs go to the DCEC (FIU). Banks must identify clients for bar and gram-gold sales. Commodity-exchange members have their own internal co…
Standard
- Law 660-II
The CBU buys London Good Delivery standard gold; NMMC and AMMC refineries are described as LBMA-compliant and NMMC bars are 999.9.
Secondary
- LBMA Good Delivery Rules (market standard)
The state, through the CBU, has a priority right to acquire refined gold: refiners must offer it to the CBU first and may sell elsewhere (exchange, jewellers, direct contracts) only if the CBU declines. This was an exclusive right until 2019.
Primary law
- Law on the Central Bank (ZRU-582) Art. 11; ZRU-710 Arts 9, 21
Domestic precious-metal prices are tied to the LBMA AM fixing: exchange sales to jewellers carry 1-4% discounts linked to jobs created; jewellers' semi-finished sales use the London morning fixing times the CBU exchange rate; CBU bar prices are world price plus a CBU margin.
Primary law
- PP-452 p.2; ZRU-1059 Art. 4(3)
Export of precious metals (HS 7106-7111, 7115) needs a licence decided by the Cabinet of Ministers; from 1.3.2024 an export permit for export-control objects. Exceptions: bars of gold extracted by individuals; refiners and jewellers under the customs-processing regime (from 1.2.2023); precious-metal…
Official guidance
- UP-5215 of 03.11.2017; Cabinet Res. 959; UP-8 of 09.01.2024; PP-452 p.5(a)
Individuals may export gold bars and CBU coins produced in Uzbekistan without quantity limit, with the certificate, filing a passenger customs declaration when the norms are exceeded. Gold jewellery up to 65 g (silver up to 200 g) needs no passenger declaration.
Passenger norms; 65 g gold jewellery
Primary lawAmount not confirmed
- UP-6066 of 22.09.2020; PP-452 p.4

Leg 2: Japan

On the way

9
Land the consignment and place it in a bonded area (保税地域) under customs control; the import declaration is made after the goods enter the bonded area
Who
Secure logistics carrier / airline
Needs
Air waybill; Commercial invoice; Packing list
Primary law
- Customs Act, Art. 67-2(1), (3)
10
If the gold is of Russian origin and was shipped from Russia on or after 1 Aug 2022, obtain the Minister of Finance's permit (application to the Director-General of Customs) before import; customs checks origin from the clearance documents and the markings on the packages
Who
Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)
Issues
MOF precious-metals export/import permit
Primary law
- FEFTA Art. 19(2); Foreign Exchange Order Art. 8; MOF Notice No. 443 of 2006, item 4, Notice item 4
11
File the written import declaration (goods, quantity, value, origin, consignor); serial-numbered bars go under statistical code 7108.12-010 with the invoice or packing list listing the serial numbers (from 1 Apr 2026); duty rate is free
Who
Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)
Needs
Commercial invoice; Invoice / packing list showing the bar serial numbers (customs requirement from 2026); Commercial invoice; Air waybill; Bar list (serials, weights, fineness)
Issues
Import declaration / permit (commercial)
Primary law
- Customs Act; Customs Act Enforcement Order, Customs Act Art. 67; Order Art. 59(1)
12
Examine the consignment (X-ray, detection equipment, physical inspection) before permitting import
Who
Japan Customs
Official guidance
- Customs Act, Art. 67 (goods must undergo necessary inspection)
13
Pay import consumption tax of 10% (7.8% national + local consumption tax of 22/78 of it = 2.2%) on the customs value plus any duty before the goods leave the bonded area
Who
Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)
Needs
Import declaration / permit (commercial)
Issues
Import consumption tax receipt
Primary law
- Consumption Tax Act; Local Tax Act, CTA Arts. 4(2), 5(2), 28(4), 29(i); Local Tax Act Art. 72-83
14
Grant the import permit; goods released to the importer
Who
Japan Customs
Needs
Import declaration / permit (commercial); Import consumption tax receipt
Issues
Import declaration / permit (commercial)
Primary law
- Customs Act, Art. 67
15
Deposit deliverable bars (OSE-designated brand, 1,000 g, 99.99%+) in an OSE-designated warehouse (rule: commercial warehouses in Tokyo or Kanagawa; list as at 27 Jul 2020: 7 companies, 9 warehouses, all in Tokyo)
Who
Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)
Needs
Refiner bar certificate; Import declaration / permit (commercial)
Official guidance
- OSE delivery procedures, Ⅲ 1-2; Appendices 7-8
16
Issue a warehouse receipt (倉荷証券) per delivery unit and brand stating product, pieces, brand, quantity, purity, serial numbers, fire insurance, storage fee paid to the delivery period, and theft/loss insurance
Who
OSE-designated warehouse
Issues
OSE warehouse receipt
Official guidance
- OSE delivery procedures, Ⅲ 1(2)
17
File the written export declaration (HS 7108; serial-numbered bars under export code 7108.12-100 with the invoice or packing list listing the serial numbers, from 1 Aug 2026) and obtain the export permit
Who
Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)
Needs
Bar list; Invoice / packing list showing the bar serial numbers (customs requirement from 2026)
Issues
Commercial invoice; Export declaration / permit
Primary law
- Customs Act; Customs Act Enforcement Order, Customs Act Art. 67; Order Art. 58
18
If the destination is Russia (or North Korea), obtain the Minister of Finance's permit for the precious-metal export, applying to the Director-General of Customs at least about a week ahead
Who
Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)
Issues
MOF precious-metals export/import permit
Primary law
- FEFTA Art. 19(2); Foreign Exchange Order Art. 8; MOF Notice No. 443 of 2006, items 1 and 3, Notice items 1, 3
19
If bars are hand-carried and exceed 1 kg (90%+ purity), file the FEFTA carrying declaration
Who
Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)
Issues
FEFTA carrying declaration (export)
Primary law
- FEFTA; Foreign Exchange Order; MOF Ordinance on Foreign Exchange, FEFTA Art. 19(3); FE Order Art. 8-2; FX Ordinance Art. 10
20
Inspect and release for export; carrier takes custody and issues the air waybill
Who
Japan Customs
Needs
Export declaration / permit
Issues
Air waybill (outbound)
Primary law
21
Keep the export permit as proof for the consumption-tax export exemption (0%)
Who
Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)
Needs
Export declaration / permit
Primary law
- Consumption Tax Act, Art. 7(1)(i), 7(2)

Taxes and fees

Consumption tax on domestic sales of gold
10% Sales of bars and scrap inside Japan, including dealer buy-back from the public
Primary lawAmount not confirmed
- Consumption Tax Act; Local Tax Act, CTA Arts. 4(1), 5(1), 29(i); Local Tax Act Art. 72-83
Export exemption (zero rate)
0% Gold exported from Japan with export permit as proof
Primary lawAmount not confirmed
- Consumption Tax Act, Art. 7(1)(i), 7(2)
High-value asset rule for gold purchases
n/a (restricts small-business exemption and simplified taxation) A business buying or importing gold/platinum bullion, gold/platinum coins or gold/platinum products priced by weight for 2 million yen or more (tax-exclusive) in a taxable period: no small-business exemption and no simplified taxation from the next period for about three years
Primary law
- Consumption Tax Act; CTA Order; CTA Regulations, CTA Arts. 12-4(3), 37(3)(v); Order Art. 25-5(4); Regulations Art. 11-3
Import consumption tax (national 7.8% + local 2.2%)
10% All gold imports, cargo or carried, any state
Primary lawAmount not confirmed
- Consumption Tax Act; Local Tax Act, CTA Arts. 4(2), 5(2), 28(4), 29(i); Local Tax Act Art. 72-83
Customs duty on gold (HS 7108)
Free: basic rate 無税 and WTO rate (無税); every EPA column 無税 (temporary, GSP and LDC columns blank) Gold powder, unwrought, semi-manufactured and monetary gold
Official guidanceAmount not confirmed
- Customs Tariff Act and applied tariff schedule (2026-04-01), heading 71.08

Controls

Precious-metals dealers are specified business operators: verification at the time of transaction for sale contracts over 2 million yen, whatever the means of payment; verification records kept 7 years; transaction records (7 years) for sales over 2 million yen paid in cash; suspicious transaction r…
Sale contract price over 2 million yen (verification); over 2 million yen and paid in cash (transaction record)
Primary lawAmount not confirmed
- APTCP Arts. 2(2)(xliii), 4, 6, 7, 8; Enforcement Order Arts. 7(1)(vi), 15(1)(iii)(c); Regulations Art. 22(iv)
Customs emergency reinforcement from 28 Nov 2024 after a 2024 resurgence: detection equipment, more thorough passenger and cargo inspection, stricter penalty handling.
Official guidance
Further measures announced at the special meeting of 27 Nov 2025: intelligence-led import inspection with high-performance equipment; physical checks of exports against fictitious exports and handling of gold of unknown provenance; confiscation by notice disposition for unpermitted imports (the firs…
Official guidance
No input tax credit for purchases the buyer knew were smuggled (1 Apr 2019) or bought tax-free by tourists (1 Apr 2024); gold/platinum bullion purchases need the seller's ID copy (1 Oct 2019). This removes the dealer's tax benefit from buying smuggled gold.
Primary law
- Consumption Tax Act Art. 30(11)-(12); CTA Order Art. 50(2); CTA Regulations Art. 15-7
OSE deliverable gold: 1,000 g bars of 99.99% minimum, smooth surface, stamped with an exchange-designated trade name or trademark and the fineness, held in an OSE-designated warehouse (Tokyo). Brands are admitted only if LBMA-accredited, with 5 years of operation, average output of 5 t a year and 2 …
Official guidance
- OSE Gold Standard Futures specification and delivery procedures
Any gold carried into Japan must be declared on the passenger declaration (question on gold bullion or products). Gold bullion of 90%+ gold content over 1 kg in total carried on the person, inbound or outbound, needs the written Declaration of Carrying of Means of Payment etc. (customs declaration a…
Any quantity (passenger declaration); over 1 kg of gold bullion with 90%+ gold content, carried (written declaration)
Primary lawAmount not confirmed
- FEFTA Art. 19(3); FE Order Art. 8-2(1)(ii); FX Ordinance Art. 10; Customs Act Art. 67; Customs Act Order Arts. 58-59
Buyer of gold bullion files a payment record with the tax office naming the seller (with My Number), which makes buy-back sales traceable.
Consideration over 2 million yen (ITA Order Art. 350-7)
Primary lawAmount not confirmed
- Income Tax Act Arts. 224-6, 225(1)(xiv); ITA Order Art. 350-7
Import of precious metals of Russian origin (gold bullion, gold alloy bullion, non-circulating gold coins and other articles mainly of gold) shipped from Russia on or after 1 Aug 2022 needs the Minister of Finance's permission, applied for at customs; introduced and administered as an import ban. Tr…
Primary law
- FEFTA Art. 19(2); Foreign Exchange Order Art. 8; MOF Notice No. 443 of 2006 item 4 (amended 25 Jul 2022), Notice item 4
Export of precious metals to Russia needs the Minister of Finance's permission (from 5 Apr 2022), as does any precious-metal export to North Korea or import of North-Korean-origin or -shipped precious metals; travellers' personal effects excepted. MOF guidance defines gold bullion for this purpose a…
Primary law
- FEFTA Art. 19(2); Foreign Exchange Order Art. 8; MOF Notice No. 443 of 2006 items 1 and 3, Notice items 1, 3
Serial-numbered gold (bars stamped with refiner mark, serial number, fineness and weight) is declared under its own statistical code (import 7108.12-010 from 1 Apr 2026; export 7108.12-100 from 1 Aug 2026) and the invoice or packing list listing the serial numbers is submitted; customs may check the…
Official guidance
- Customs notices of March and July 2026
Unpermitted import or export, or a false declaration: up to 5 years' imprisonment (拘禁刑) and/or a fine of up to 10 million yen, or up to five times the goods' value where that exceeds 10 million yen (Customs Act Art. 111(1)); before April 2018 the Customs Act fine cap was 5 million yen (MOF, No…
Primary law
- Customs Act Arts. 110, 111; Consumption Tax Act Art. 64; FEFTA Art. 71
Until 31 Oct 2026: gold and platinum bullion cannot be sold tax-free to visitors, being excluded from tax-free goods as "not for ordinary daily use" (CTA Order Art. 18(2)(i)). Replaced from 1 Nov 2026 by jp.ctl-tax-free-shop-2026.
Primary law
- CTA Art. 8; CTA Order Art. 18(2)(i)
From 1 Nov 2026 tax-free sales to visitors become a refund system (the shop is exempt only once customs confirms export within 90 days and it holds the customs confirmation), and gold and platinum bullion and gold and platinum coins are named as goods excluded from tax-free sale. Supersedes jp.ctl-t…
Primary law
- CTA Art. 8(1)-(5) as amended by Act No. 13 of 2025; CTA Regulations Art. 6 (from 1 Nov 2026), CTA Art. 8; Regulations Art. 6

Leg 3: Switzerland

Where the goods arrive

999.9 kilobar → LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar

22
Onboard Dubai supplier: KYC pack, chain-of-custody statement, mine-of-origin/scrap declaration, DMCC/UAEGD audit reports
Who
Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Needs
Air waybill
Issues
Refiner file on the Dubai supplier: identity, commercial-register extract, proof of lawful acquisition (export permit/declaration, mining licence where applicable), SECO embargo check, origin clarification (kept for the period the EMKV sets: zehn Jahren); KYC questionnaire for mined material, naming each ASM supplier in the chain (team/cooperative, aggregators, local exporter); Independent assurance report on the Dubai refiner's responsible sourcing practices, as an Intermediate Refiner (RGG v9 s.2.3 enhanced due diligence for high-risk recycled gold); Site visit at the mine of origin before transacting (or within 6 months) - enhanced due diligence
Primary law
[inferred] Asking for DMCC/UAEGD audit reports and a chain-of-custody statement is the model's application to a Dubai supplier; the LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance and the BAZG melter due-diligence directive do not name them. The EMKV duties are read in the official fedlex consolidation held on the server. In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)
  “Der Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung darf Schmelzgut nur von Per-”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 1 (lawful acquisition) (parsed into section sch-2)
  “die sich über deren rechtmässigen Erwerb aus- weisen können.”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 2 (identity) (parsed into section sch-2)
  “Es muss die Identität des Kunden anhand eines beweiskräftigen Do- kumentes wie Pass oder Identitätskarte überprüfen.”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 3 (origin clarification) (parsed into section sch-2)
  “Bestehen über die Herkunft der Ware Zweifel oder stammen die An- gebote von Unbekannten, so ist der Inhaber der Schmelzbewilligung verpflichtet, die Herkunft des Schmelzgutes besonders sorgfältig abzu- klären.”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 3 (retention) (parsed into section sch-2)
  “Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKG Art. 31a Abs. 1
  “Wer gewerbsmässig Schmelzgut im Sinne von Artikel 1 Absatz 3”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKG Art. 31a Abs. 6
  “Die Absätze 1-5 gelten nicht für Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung nach Artikel 24.”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-247 (1 Jan 2023) annex matrix Teil 1 (KYC)
  “Identifikation des Kunden gemäss Art. 168a Abs. 2 EMKV für natürliche Personen, für juristische Personen mittels Han-”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-247 (1 Jan 2023) Ziff. 3.3.2
  “Bestehen Zweifel über die Herkunft des Materials oder in Bezug auf die Integrität des Kunden sind Bewilligungsinhaber verpflichtet, den Sachverhalt besonders sorgfältig abzuklären”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), RGG v9 Step 2.1 (origin of mined gold)
  “Mined Gold: The location of the mine (LSM and ASM).”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), RGG v9 Step 2.2 (transit red flag)
  “Is claimed to originate from a country through which gold from CAHRAs is known, or reasonably suspected, to transit”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), RGG v9 Step 1.2 (records)
  “Records are required to be maintained for at least five years, or the minimum timeframe stipulated by local regulatory requirements”
- PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), BAZG Schmelzen und Prüfen (Dec 2023) Ziff. 4.1.6 (restates Art. 168b Abs. 3)
  “Die Dokumente über den Geschäftsverkehr mit Schmelzgut und Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”
23
File the Swiss electronic customs import declaration (formal declaration; simplified or oral declarations excluded for melt material imported for sale), tariff heading 7108.1200 (statistical key 911 for mining gold), with actual origin if known; import VAT-exempt for investment gold (cast bars of at least 995 thousandths fineness bearing the fineness and the stamp of a recognised assayer-melter) and for gold in raw form or semi-finished for refining; unmarked doré may only be imported by a trade assayer (BAZG practice)
Who
Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Needs
Air waybill
Issues
Electronic customs import declaration (commercial import; simplified and oral declarations excluded for melt material)
Primary law
The Federal Council report (citing the customs administration) says actual origin must be declared if known, but for large imports, e.g. from the United Kingdom or the UAE, the dispatch country is sometimes entered; [inferred] Dubai-refined Nigerian gold can therefore appear as UAE origin. [unconfirmed] That no certificate of origin is required is not stated in the sources read. No written precious-metals control record found for a passed border check. The rule that unmarked doré may only be imported by a trade assayer is BAZG practice (BAZG letter on unmarked melt products; BAZG directive on applying the EMKG); it is not in the EMKG import article. The EMKV (precious metals control ordinance) is not held on the server, so its provisions on recognised fineness marks and banking precious metals are not relied on here. Corrected earlier: the declaration was described as "Passar"; the BAZG melt-material sheet names e-dec web. [time-limited] When the BAZG-VG enters into force (date not set), the EMKG import-check paragraphs are repealed and replaced by a new BAZG control article (BAZG-VG annex amending the EMKG).
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), MWSTG (SR 641.20, Stand 1 Jan 2025) Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12: gold supplies exempt
  “die Umsätze, die mit Gold und Legierungen von Gold der folgenden Form erzielt werden:”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12 Bst. b: investment gold, cast bars
  “Gold zu Anlagezwecken mit einem Mindestfeingehalt von 995 Tausendsteln, in Form von:”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12 Bst. b, first indent
  “gegossenen Barren, versehen mit der Angabe des Feingehalts und dem Stempelzeichen eines anerkannten Prüfer-Schmelzers oder”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12 Bst. d: raw or semi-finished gold for refining
  “Gold in Rohform oder in Form von Halbzeug, das zur Raffination oder Rückgewinnung bestimmt ist”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), MWSTG Art. 53 Abs. 1 Bst. m: import of gold exempt
  “Gold und Legierungen von Gold nach Artikel 23 Absatz 2 Ziffer 12.”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), AS 2024 438 (amendment of 16 June 2023, in force 1 Jan 2025): inserts Art. 53 Abs. 1 Bst. m
  “Gold und Legierungen von Gold nach Artikel 23 Absatz 2 Ziffer 12.”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), MWSTV Art. 44 (former gold provision) repealed
  “Aufgehoben durch Ziff. I der V vom 21. Aug. 2024, mit Wirkung seit 1. Jan. 2025”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), EMKG (SR 941.31) Art. 20 Abs. 3: import checks
  “Die diesem Gesetz unterstellten Waren können bei der Einfuhr einer umfassenden oder stichprobenweisen Kontrolle unterworfen werden.”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG statistics page: tariff heading 7108.1200
  “Data relating to gold in raw form (e.g. bars) are recorded under customs tariff heading 7108.1200”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG statistics page: statistical key 911 (from 1 Jan 2021)
  “mining gold *(key: 911)*”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Federal Council report 14 Nov 2018, s.3.7
  “dass der tatsächliche Ursprung der Waren gemeldet werden muss, sofern er bekannt ist”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Federal Council report s.3.7
  “Bei umfangreichen Einfuhren, zum Beispiel aus Grossbritannien oder den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten, wird in der Zollerklärung gelegentlich das Versendungsland angegeben.”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG R-247 (1 Jan 2023) s.3.4.2: unmarked melt products only imported by trade assayers
  “Daher sind ausschliesslich Handelsprüfer berechtigt, nicht gekennzeichnete”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), R-247 s.3.4.2 (doré bars as example)
  “(bspw. Doré-Barren aus dem Bergbau)”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG Merkblatt "Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland" (Jan 2024): simplified declarations excluded
  “Vereinfachte Zollanmeldeverfahren wie Quickzoll oder gar eine mündliche Zollanmeldung sind daher grundsätzlich ausgeschlossen.”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: e-dec web
  “dies selbst mittels e-dec web vornehmen”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: prior customs procedure
  “Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland sichergestellt wird, dass dieses vorgängig”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: fine per case (under the EMKG)
  “mit bis zu CHF 2 000 pro Fall gebüsst werden”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: licence withdrawal
  “In schweren Fällen kann die entsprechende Bewilligung”
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG letter of 4 Dec 2019 on import of unmarked melt products (only footnotes are sectioned; cited law-only)
- VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG-VG of 20 June 2025, Anhang 2 Ziff. 53 (EMKG Art. 20 Abs. 3-5 repealed, new Art. 22a); annex not sectioned, cited law-only
24
Weigh-in, seal-check, drill/dip-sample, fire-assay (ASTM E1335/ISO 11426) the incoming 995 bar
Who
Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Needs
Refining/re-refining agreement, Swiss refiner; Refiner file on the Dubai supplier: identity, commercial-register extract, proof of lawful acquisition (export permit/declaration, mining licence where applicable), SECO embargo check, origin clarification (kept for the period the EMKV sets: zehn Jahren)
Issues
Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Purchase book: customer, ID proof, acceptance date, description and marking, weight on acceptance, weight after melting, completion
Standard
[unconfirmed] Weigh-in, seal check and ISO 11426 are not in the sources read; ASTM E1335-24 covers fire assay of bullion, and Valcambi describes fire assay of drillings from samples taken from the melt of the received material.
- Fire assay standard practice
25
Pay the Dubai counterparty for the imported bar once the Swiss refiner's own assay confirms fine content
Who
Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Needs
Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
Issues
Final invoice from the Dubai seller (against Swiss outturn assay); Settlement wire, Swiss refiner -> Dubai counterparty
Secondary
- Refining/sale contract; SWIFT MT103
26
Wohlwill electrolytic re-refine to 999.9, or cast directly to LBMA Good Delivery 400oz spec (995 min) if already qualifying
Who
Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Needs
Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
Form
Pre-refined 995 bar (e.g. 'Dubai 995') → LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar
Standard
[unconfirmed] Wohlwill electrolytic refining to 999.9 is industry practice not described in the Good Delivery Rules, which set only the bar specification (350-430 fine troy ounces, minimum fineness 995.0).
- LBMA Good Delivery Rules (bar spec, marking)
27
Stamp each bar with the melting-licence holder's stamp (Stempelzeichen); bars for resale are assayed by a control office or sworn trade assayer and marked with fineness and the assayer's mark; for LBMA Good Delivery bars also serial number, fineness to four figures and year
Who
Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Issues
Bar list (serials, weights, fineness)
Primary law
Serial number and year are LBMA requirements, not Swiss law. The earlier wording "registered responsibility mark" was wrong for bars (that mark, EMKG Art. 9, applies to finished wares). EMKV marking articles (Arts. 169, 173) were read only as restated by the BAZG (Vorschriften Dec 2023, held); the EMKV text is not yet held.
- PMCA (EMKG, SR 941.31); BAZG R-247; LBMA Good Delivery Rules, EMKG Art. 31(1); R-247 s.3.4.1; LBMA GD Rules s.2.1.7
28
File annual LBMA RGG independent assurance report; and (if volume threshold met) CO 964j-l conflict-minerals public report
Who
Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Issues
LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance annual assurance report; CO 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence public report
Standard
[time-limited] RGG v9 applies until RGG v10 takes effect: implementation 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, first v10 audits for the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027 (consultation closed 10 Jul 2026).
- LBMA RGG v9; CO Art. 964j-964l
29
Optionally store under customs control in a free port (e.g. Geneva La Praille / Aéroport, Embrach - Embraport, Zürich-Flughafen - Cargologic): stored goods are not subject to import customs duties or trade-policy measures and may be stored indefinitely
Who
Bonded warehouse / freeport operator (Geneva/Embrach)
Issues
Electronic customs declaration on entry of sensitive goods into the free port (content: the inventory-record particulars listed in the Customs Ordinance, letters a to f, plus the depositor's name and address); Electronic inventory record of sensitive goods: previous customs document, entry date, owner, origin country, description, value, marks, gross/net mass, origin proof, location, exit date, etc. (17 fields)
Primary law
The BAZG free-port list held is the old list in the library (its record dates it to the start of the year it was issued; no newer list found); operators may have changed. [time-limited] The BAZG-VG (adopted, not yet in force) treats free ports as a kind of customs warehouse and will replace these articles when in force. [inferred] Suspension of import VAT is read from the BAZG free-port directive ("auf das Erheben der Abgaben ... verzichtet"); the ZG names only import customs duties and trade-policy measures. Supplies of goods stored in a free port are VAT-exempt under the MWSTG (read). The ZG and ZV are now read in their official fedlex consolidations held on the server.
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG (SR 631.0, Stand 1 Sep 2023) Art. 62 Abs. 1
  “Zollfreilager sind Teile des Zollgebiets oder in diesem gelegene Räumlichkeiten:”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 62 Abs. 3
  “Die eingelagerten Waren unterliegen weder den Einfuhrzollabgaben noch handels- politischen Massnahmen.”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 64 Abs. 1
  “Wer ein Zollfreilager betreibt, braucht eine Bewilligung des BAZG.”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 65 Abs. 1
  “Waren, die in einem Zollfreilager gelagert werden sollen, sind der zuständigen Zoll- stelle zur Einlagerung anzumelden und in das Zollfreilager zu verbringen.”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 65 Abs. 2
  “In Zollfreilagern dürfen Waren beliebig lange gelagert werden.”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 66 Abs. 1
  “Die Lagerhalterin oder der Lagerhalter muss über alle eingelagerten sensiblen Wa- ren Bestandesaufzeichnungen führen.”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV (SR 631.01, Stand 1 Oct 2024) Art. 178a Abs. 1
  “Die anmeldepflichtige Person muss sensible Waren bei der Einlagerung ins Zollfrei- lager elektronisch anmelden.”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV Art. 182 Abs. 2
  “Sie oder er muss zudem für sensible Waren eine Bestandesaufzeichnung führen.”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV Art. 184 Abs. 2
  “Sie muss elektronisch geführt werden.”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV Anhang 2 Ziff. 5 (sensitive goods; the section id carries footnote 193 glued to the label)
  “Perlen, Diamanten, Edelsteine, Schmucksteine, Edelmetalle und Edel- metallplattierungen sowie Waren daraus (ex Zolltarifkapitel 71)”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-10-50 Ziff. 1.1 (levies not raised)
  “Dabei wird auf das Erheben der Abgaben, auf deren Sicherstellung und auf die Anwendung handelspolitischer Massnahmen”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), MWSTG Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 3bis
  “die Lieferung von Gegenständen, die wegen Einlagerung in einem Zollfreilager (Art. 62-66 ZG) nachweislich im Inland unter Zollüberwachung standen und diesen Zollstatus nicht rückwirkend verloren haben”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), Embrach
  “Zürcher Freilager AG, GVZ Embraport”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), Genève La Praille and Genève Aéroport
  “Ports Francs et Entrepôts de Genève SA”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), BAZG-VG (20 June 2025, not in force) Art. 64
  “Zolllager sind vom BAZG zugelassene Orte im Zollgebiet”
- Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), BAZG-VG Art. 65 Abs. 2
  “Als Zolllager können bewilligt werden:”
30
Identify contracting party and beneficial owner; assess source of wealth/funds for the specific bullion; sanctions/PEP screening
Who
Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
Issues
Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities; Form A - declaration of the beneficial owner of the assets; Form K - controlling persons with 25%+ of an operating entity (CDB 20 Art. 20-21)
Standard
Downgraded 2026-09-28 from primary-law: the provisions cited are CDB 20 (a self-regulatory agreement of the SBA, held and read for Arts. 4, 7, 20-21, 27-28); the AMLA itself was not read for this step. The SBA says the revised CDB will not be available until 1 Jan 2027 at the earliest. [unconfirmed] Source-of-wealth assessment and sanctions/PEP screening were not found in the CDB 20 text read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends the AMLA widely; effects not assessed.
- AMLA; SBA Agreement on due diligence (CDB 20), CDB 20 Art. 4 (identification; precious-metals trading and cash transactions over CHF 15,000 are separate cases), Art. 7 (data recorded), Art. 20-21 (controlling persons 25%+, Form K), Art. 27-28 (beneficial owner, Form A)
31
Seller presents bar list, refiner's assay certificate, chain-of-custody documentation, commercial invoice, proof of title
Who
Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
Needs
Bar list (serials, weights, fineness); Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities
Issues
Commercial invoice from the seller to the bank (VAT law requires one only if the buyer asks for it: MWSTG Art. 26(1); contents Art. 26(2); the sale of investment gold is VAT-exempt: Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12)
Secondary
A bar not from an LBMA Good-Delivery-listed refiner generally cannot be sold to a major bank without re-refining - this is market practice, not itself a statute Commercial invoice and delivery receipt are practice (no primary source); "proof of title" for allocated bars is the weight list plus the custody contract - no statutory title document found.
32
Verify bars against the bank's accepted-refiner list / Good Delivery List; settle loco Zurich or loco London, allocated or unallocated
Who
Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
Needs
Bar list (serials, weights, fineness)
Issues
Settlement confirmation / custody account entry; Allocated account weight list (specific bars = ownership) or unallocated account statement (contractual claim only)
Secondary
33
Record the transaction and the clarifications made; retain the records for at least ten years after the end of the business relationship or completion of the transaction
Who
Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
Needs
Settlement confirmation / custody account entry
Primary law
The official fedlex consolidation of the GwG is now held on the server and the article was read there; this replaces the earlier reading on droit-bilingue.ch and fedlex by WebFetch. The ten-year retention is written in words in the law (zehn Jahren), so it is kept in words here and not as an amount: the verifier reads number words in English only.
- Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG) (articles in refs), GwG Art. 7 Abs. 1 (records of transactions and clarifications)
  “Der Finanzintermediär muss über die getätigten Transaktionen und über die nach diesem Gesetz erforderlichen Abklärungen Belege so erstellen, dass fachkundige Dritte sich ein zuverlässiges Urteil über die Transaktionen und Geschäftsbeziehungen sowie über die Einhaltung der Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes bilden können.”
- Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG) (articles in refs), Art. 7 Abs. 3 (kept at least ten years)
  “Nach Beendigung der Geschäftsbeziehung oder nach Abschluss der Transaktion be- wahrt er die Belege mindestens während zehn Jahren auf.”
- Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG) (articles in refs), Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a (banks are financial intermediaries)
  “Finanzintermediäre sind: a.10 die Banken nach Artikel 1a des Bankengesetzes”

Taxes and fees

Customs duty on gold
0% HS 7108
Official guidanceAmount not confirmed
Import VAT on gold
Exempt Gold and gold alloys under MWSTG Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12: (a) state-minted gold coins of tariff nos. 7118.9010, 9705.3100, 9705.3900; (b) investment gold of at least 995 fineness as cast bars bearing the fineness and the stamp of a recognised assayer-melter, or stamped plates; (c) granules of at least 995 packed and sealed by a recognised assayer-melter; (d) gold in raw form or semi-finished for refining or recovery, and gold waste and scrap; (e) alloys under (d) with 2% or more gold
Primary lawAmount not confirmed
- VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 53(1)(m) (import) with Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12

Controls

Banks identify the contracting party and beneficial owner for precious-metals trading and for cash transactions over CHF 15,000 (CDB 20; Form A, Form K).
CHF 15,000 cash
StandardAmount not confirmed
- CDB 20 (SBA), CDB Art. 4(2)(f)-(g), 7, 20-21, 27-28
Melt material imported from abroad for sale in Switzerland needs a formal import declaration; simplified and oral declarations are excluded in principle. A buyer or licensee who accepts melt material that has not been through customs breaches due diligence under the PMCA: fine up to CHF 2,000 per ca…
Official guidance
- BAZG Merkblatt 'Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland' (Jan 2024)
Commercial production of melt products (bars, plates, rods, granules made by melting precious metal or melt material) requires a melt licence; acting without it is punishable by a fine (EMKG Art. 48). Every melt product must bear the licence holder's stamp; melt products for resale must be assayed b…
Primary law
- EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31), Arts. 1(2), 24, 31(1), 32-33, 47, 48
Holders of a melter licence may accept melt material only from persons who can prove lawful acquisition, and must verify the customer's identity by a probative document such as a passport or identity card. Where origin is doubtful or the offer comes from unknown persons, origin must be clarified wit…
Primary law
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)
  “Der Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung darf Schmelzgut nur von Per-”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 2 (parsed into section sch-2)
  “Es muss die Identität des Kunden anhand eines beweiskräftigen Do- kumentes wie Pass oder Identitätskarte überprüfen.”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 3 (parsed into section sch-2)
  “Bestehen über die Herkunft der Ware Zweifel oder stammen die An- gebote von Unbekannten, so ist der Inhaber der Schmelzbewilligung verpflichtet, die Herkunft des Schmelzgutes besonders sorgfältig abzu- klären.”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)
  “derlichen organisatorischen Massnahmen, um das Schmelzen von Schmelzgut unrechtmässiger Herkunft zu verhindern.”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 2 (parsed into section sch-2)
  “so ist die Ware durch den Inhaber der Schmelzbewilligung bis zur Klärung des Falles in unverändertem Zu- stand aufzubewahren.”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 3 (parsed into section sch-2)
  “Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168c Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)
  “Der Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung muss über seine Ankäufe von Schmelzgut und Schmelzprodukten Buch führen.”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168c Abs. 2 Bst. b (parsed into section sch-2)
  “die in Artikel 168a Absatz 2 vorgeschriebenen Identifikations- nachweise;”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), BAZG Schmelzen und Prüfen (Dec 2023) Ziff. 4.1.6 (restates Art. 168a)
  “Er muss die Identität des Kunden anhand eines beweiskräftigen Dokumentes wie Pass oder Identitätskarte überprüfen und muss sich vor Ausführung des Auftrages den rechtmässigen Erwerb des Schmelzgutes durch den Auftraggeber nachweisen lassen.”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), BAZG Schmelzen und Prüfen (Dec 2023) Ziff. 4.1.6 (restates Art. 168b Abs. 3)
  “Die Dokumente über den Geschäftsverkehr mit Schmelzgut und Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”
- PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-247 (1 Jan 2023) Ziff. 3.3.2
  “Bestehen Zweifel über die Herkunft des Materials oder in Bezug auf die Integrität des Kunden sind Bewilligungsinhaber verpflichtet, den Sachverhalt besonders sorgfältig abzuklären”
Purchase, import, transit and transport of gold (Annex 26) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 Aug 2022, and of gold processed from it in third countries, are prohibited, as are related services (all kinds, including financial services, brokerage and technical assistance) and the …
Primary law
- Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d
Precious metals are 'sensitive goods' in free ports (Customs Ordinance Annex 2, as amended on 18 November 2015): the declarant must declare them electronically on entry into storage, and an electronic inventory record of them is kept per depositor and submitted by the warehouse keeper to customs on …
Primary law
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), AS 2015 4917, ZV Anhang 2 (sensitive goods) as amended
  “Anhang 2 wird wie folgt geändert:”
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Anhang 2 Ziff. 5: precious metals ex tariff chapter 71
  “Perlen, Diamanten, Edelsteine, Schmucksteine, Edelmetalle und Edel- metallplattierungen sowie Waren daraus (ex Zolltarifkapitel 71)”
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), AS 2015 4917 Ziff. IV: in force
  “Diese Verordnung tritt am 1. Januar 2016 in Kraft.”
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 178a Abs. 1: electronic declaration on entry into the free port
  “Die anmeldepflichtige Person muss sensible Waren bei der Einlagerung ins Zoll- freilager elektronisch anmelden.”
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 185: inventory record per depositor
  “Die Bestandesaufzeichnung für sensible Waren ist je Einlagererin oder je Einlagerer zu führen.”
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 184 Abs. 2: kept electronically
  “Sie muss elektronisch geführt werden.”
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 184 Abs. 3bis: warehouse keeper submits it on request
  “Auf Verlangen muss die Lagerhalterin oder der Lagerhalter der EZV die”
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), AS 2015 4917, ZV Art. 246a: amendment date
  “Übergangsbestimmungen zur Änderung vom 18. November 2015”
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), BAZG R-10-50 (1 Jul 2025) s.1.3.1: export goods count as sensitive goods
  “Ausfuhrwaren gelten als sensible Waren”
- Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), R-10-50 s.4.1: inventory records over all sensitive goods
  “Bestandesaufzeichnungen nach den Grundsätzen der ordnungsgemässen Buchführung”
Cash threshold for dealers in goods (anti-money laundering)
Primary law
- GwG Art. 8a(1)
  “Händlerinnen und Händler nach Artikel 2 Absatz 1 Buchstabe b müssen folgende”
- GwG Art. 8a(1)(a)
  “Identifizierung der Vertragspartei (Art. 3 Abs. 1);”
Cash threshold for dealers in gold (anti-money laundering)
Primary law
- GwG Art. 8a(1)
  “Händlerinnen und Händler nach Artikel 2 Absatz 1 Buchstabe b müssen folgende”
- GwG Art. 8a(1)(a)
  “Identifizierung der Vertragspartei (Art. 3 Abs. 1);”
- GwG Art. 8a(2bis)
  “oder Edelsteinen beträgt die massgebende Schwelle im Sinne von Ab-”
- EMKG Art. 1(1)
  “Edelmetalle im Sinne dieses Gesetzes sind Gold, Silber, Platin und Palladium.”

Leg 4: Uzbekistan

Back in the origin country: the proceeds of the export

34
Receive FX proceeds from the counterparty and apply them to monetary policy (sterilisation) and international settlements
Who
Central Bank of Uzbekistan (state buyer and reserve manager)
Issues
Payment of sale proceeds to the CBU
Official guidance

Crossings between countries

Uzbekistan → Japan Not researched
Papers that cross: Notification of acquisition of precious metals; Commodity invoice for metal supplied through Uzmilliybank (PP-452 p.3(b)); Passenger customs declaration
Japan → Switzerland Not researched
Papers that cross: MOF precious-metals export/import permit; Import declaration / permit (commercial); Commercial invoice; Export declaration / permit; Air waybill (outbound)

Paperwork gaps

jp.st-01 expects Air waybill; the earlier legs don't model this paper
jp.st-01 expects Packing list; the earlier legs don't model this paper
jp.st-02 expects Air waybill; the earlier legs don't model this paper
jp.st-02 expects Bar list (serials, weights, fineness); the earlier legs don't model this paper