Peru → United States → Switzerland (refine) · Bank onboarding, title transfer and settlement

Process purchased ore by cyanidation (carbon/Merrill-Crowe) and smelt to doré; keep chemical-input operation registers

Who

Processing plant (planta de beneficio) that buys ore or concentrate

Needs

SUNAT controlled chemical inputs registration (Registro BF)

Issues

Operations register for controlled chemical inputs

Form

Ore (in situ / run-of-mine) → Doré bar - unstamped

Melt refogado gold into doré (oro fundido) and number the bar

Who

Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO

Issues

Bar/lot number marked on the doré

Form

Sponge gold → Doré bar - unstamped

Assay the bar; the certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer) is the basis for price and is presented to SUNAT-Aduanas

Who

Assay laboratory

Issues

Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer)

Form

Doré bar - unstamped → Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed

DESPA-PG.02 (read in full) does not list an assay certificate among export documents (VII.A.1 num 3); presenting it to customs is practice per the Swiss guide.

Verify supplier (RECPO status, origin documentation) and buy the doré; buyer deposits 1.5% detracción; invoice carries the seller's detracciones account

Who

Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)

Needs

Buyer's RECPO registration; Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer); Electronic purchase register (registro de compras) of gold/ore buyers

Issues

Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status); SPOT deposit certificate (constancia de depósito de detracción); Electronic invoice (factura) / comprobante de pago for domestic sale

Carry the doré by security and valuables transport under an electronic waybill to the exporter's premises or the airport cargo terminal

Who

Security and valuables transport company

Issues

Waybill from plant/exporter to the airport cargo terminal; Sworn declaration of transport through a security and valuables company

• DL 1107 (control of transport of mineral product), art 3; 3rd DCF

Record the operation in the UIF register of operations when it reaches US$15,000; file a ROS within 24 hours of qualifying an operation as suspicious

Who

Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)

Needs

UIF-Perú sujeto obligado registration and compliance officer designation

Issues

UIF register of operations (Registro de Operaciones)

• Res. SBS 789-2018, arts 22, 23.1, 38 num 10

Mine and process ore on its concessions (heap leach, carbon/Merrill-Crowe) and pour doré

Who

Medium/large mining company

Needs

Mining concession title

Form

Ore (in situ / run-of-mine) → Doré bar - unstamped

Weigh, sample and assay each bar (gold and silver content); doré and refined gold both enter customs as 7108.12

Who

Assay laboratory

Issues

Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer); Bar/lot number marked on the doré

Form

Doré bar - unstamped → Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed

Secure transport to the Lima airport cargo terminal

Who

Security and valuables transport company

Issues

Waybill from plant/exporter to the airport cargo terminal

Hold a vigente REINFO inscription (or, if formalised, a concession and PPM/PMA status) and declare the real location of the workings through the Ventanilla Única de Formalización Minera within 120 calendar days of Ley 32537

Who

Informal small/artisanal miner registered in REINFO (in formalisation)

Needs

REINFO inscription (vigente)

Issues

Declaration of real location of the operation (Ley 32537 2nd DCF, Ventanilla Única)

[time-limited] REINFO lapses on 31 Dec 2026 unless extended again or replaced by a MAPE law.

• DL 1293 art 6 as substituted by Ley 32537; Ley 32537 2nd DCF, art 6; 2nd DCF

Acquire mercury/cyanide only through the SUNAT-controlled chemical-input system (registered user, operation register)

Who

Informal small/artisanal miner registered in REINFO (in formalisation)

Issues

Operations register for controlled chemical inputs

[not-read] How REINFO miners buy mercury under DS 117-2026-EF (registration articles read only by heading) was not established.

• Ley 32412, arts 4.1, 8.1, 9.1

Extract ore; either sell run-of-mine ore/concentrate to a processing plant (typical of Pataz/La Libertad, Arequipa) or concentrate and amalgamate on site and burn off mercury to produce refogado gold (typical of Madre de Dios, Puno)

Who

Informal small/artisanal miner registered in REINFO (in formalisation)

Form

Ore (in situ / run-of-mine) → Sponge gold

Before buying, verify the seller and collect the DL 1107 art 11 data: RUC, name, ID and domicile; Código Único de Concesión (vigente) and Autorización de Explotación, or vigente REINFO inscription; comprobante de pago; guía de remisión and transporter

Who

Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO

Needs

REINFO inscription (vigente); Seller's RUC

Issues

Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status)

• TUO LGM art 4; DL 1107 art 11 (letter (a) per Ley 32537); DS 012-2012-EM art 5.1, art 11

Weigh and test the refogado/sponge gold and agree price (discount to international quotation)

Who

Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO

Needs

Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status)

Issues

Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra)

• DS 012-2012-EM art 6; DS 018-2018-EM 2nd DCF, art 6

Where the seller invoices, deposit the detracción in the seller's Banco de la Nación account: 10% for IGV-taxed gold 7108.13/7108.20 (Anexo 2 num 16) and 1.5% for IGV-exempt gold 7108.11/7108.12 (per SUNAT's appendix page), by the earlier of payment or the 5th business day of the month after recording the invoice; 10% for gold ores and concentrates 2616.90.10 (Anexo 1 num 3), before transport

Who

Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO

Needs

Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra)

Issues

SPOT deposit certificate (constancia de depósito de detracción)

[unconfirmed] The 1.5% rate for IGV-exempt gold is read only on SUNAT's appendix page (see pe.tax-spot-exempt-gold).

• RS 183-2004/SUNAT arts 3, 6, 8, 11.1; Anexo 1 num 3 and Anexo 2 num 16 (RS 000086-2025), arts 8, 11.1

Take delivery against the liquidación de compra (or the seller's invoice where the seller has RUC) and pay by bank means of payment directly to the seller (obligatory above S/2,000 or US$500 for the payment to be tax-deductible)

Who

Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO

Needs

Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status); Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra); SPOT deposit certificate (constancia de depósito de detracción)

Issues

Electronic invoice (factura) / comprobante de pago for domestic sale; Payment to the miner by bank transfer

• TUO Ley 28194 as amended by DL 1529, arts 3, 4, 5-A, 8

Buy ore or concentrate from the miner after the same identity/REINFO/concession checks, issuing the liquidación de compra or receiving the seller's invoice; where the seller invoices, the 10% detracción (Anexo 1 num 3) is deposited before the ore moves; ore travels under a guía de remisión

Who

Processing plant (planta de beneficio) that buys ore or concentrate

Needs

REINFO inscription (vigente); Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status)

Issues

Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra); SPOT deposit certificate (constancia de depósito de detracción); Electronic waybill (guía de remisión) for the mineral product

• DL 1107 arts 10-11; DS 012-2012-EM arts 5-6; RS 183-2004/SUNAT Anexo 1 num 3

Enter each purchase in the electronic purchase register (seller RUC and name, vigente REINFO where applicable, nature, origin (name and code of the mining right), quantity/weight, grade, price) and report the register monthly through MINEM's extranet form

Who

Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO

Needs

Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra)

Issues

Electronic purchase register (registro de compras) of gold/ore buyers

• DS 012-2012-EM art 5 as substituted by DS 009-2025-EM, arts 5.1, 5.3

Sign the international sale contract: price by the LBMA (London) gold price on an agreed fixing date, fineness, Incoterm (FCA/EXW common), payment on delivery by bank transfer, optional 50-90% prefinancing

Who

Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)

Issues

International sale contract (price by London fix on an agreed date, fineness, Incoterm, payment); LBMA gold price on the agreed fixing date

Prepare commercial invoice, packing list, lab certificate and a sworn declaration of lawful origin of the mineral

Who

Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)

Needs

Exporter's RECPO registration; Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer); International sale contract (price by London fix on an agreed date, fineness, Incoterm, payment)

Issues

Commercial invoice; Packing list; Sworn declaration of lawful origin of the mineral (declaración jurada de origen)

Neither DESPA-PG.02 (VII.A.1 num 3) nor any held law requires a sworn declaration of lawful origin at export; it is practice per the Swiss guide. The legal origin duties sit with the buyer (DL 1107 art 11).

Transmit the export DAM electronically (tariff subheading 7108.12.00.00 for non-monetary unwrought gold incl. doré); exports above US$5,000 FOB need a DAM through a customs agent

Who

Customs agent (agente de aduanas)

Needs

Commercial invoice; Packing list; Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer)

Issues

Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised

The US$5,000 FOB customs-agent threshold is not in DESPA-PG.02 (re-read in full 2026-09-29); it rests on the Swiss export guide (2016). DESPA-PG.02 VI.B requires an electronic mandate to the customs agent.

• Ley General de Aduanas (DL 1053) art 60; DESPA-PG.02 v7, VII.A.1

Deliver the gold to the airport cargo terminal (zona primaria); international transport of gold is by air only

Who

Security and valuables transport company

Needs

Waybill from plant/exporter to the airport cargo terminal; Sworn declaration of transport through a security and valuables company

Assign a control channel by risk management (green: release; red: document review and physical recognition in the presence of the customs agent or exporter)

Who

SUNAT (customs and tax administration)

Needs

Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised

• DESPA-PG.02 v7, VI.D; VII.A.3

Ship within 30 days of DAM numbering (automatic 15-day extension where a loading list exists); airline issues the air waybill

Who

Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)

Needs

Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised

Issues

Air waybill

• DESPA-PG.02 v7, VI.F.1

Regularise the export within 30 days of final shipment (exporter confirms the declared data); SUNAT accepts the regularised DAM

Who

Customs agent (agente de aduanas)

Needs

Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised; Air waybill

Issues

Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised

• DESPA-PG.02 v7, VII.A.7

Provide proof of origin if the buyer claims preference: for the US a certification by the importer, exporter or producer (TPA art 4.15, no prescribed format); for the EU an EUR.1 via VUCE (per Swiss guide)

Who

Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)

Issues

Proof of origin for preference: US-Peru TPA certification by the importer, exporter or producer (no prescribed format); EUR.1 via VUCE for the EU (per Swiss guide)

Screen the supplier and the gold: KYC, OFAC sanctions lists, and confirm the gold is not of Russian Federation origin (unless it was outside Russia before 28 June 2022); apply CAHRA red flags from the 2023 Africa Gold Advisory

Who

Importer of record (bullion bank, trader, refiner or dealer)

Needs

Commercial invoice; Bar list (serials, weights, fineness)

Issues

Importer's supplier KYC and OFAC / Russian-origin screening file

• E.O. 14068; OFAC Determination (effective 28 Jun 2022, amended 22 Dec 2023), E.O. 14068 s.1(a)(i); determination under s.1(a)(i)(A), 1(b) and 5; delegation 31 CFR 587.802

File entry (CBP Form 3461 or electronic equivalent) with evidence of the right to make entry, commercial invoice and packing list, and the entry summary (CBP Form 7501) classifying the gold under HTSUS 7108 with country of origin; deposit any duty (heading 7108 free except 4.1% on 7108.12.50 and 7108.13.70 for non-preference origins) and the 0.3464% merchandise processing fee; shipments of $2,500 or less may use informal entry

Who

Licensed customs broker

Needs

Importer's supplier KYC and OFAC / Russian-origin screening file; Commercial invoice; Packing list; Air waybill

Issues

CBP Form 3461 entry / immediate delivery (or ACE electronic equivalent); CBP Form 7501 entry summary (HTSUS classification, origin, duties and fees)

• 19 CFR 142.3; 19 CFR 143.21; 19 CFR 24.23; HTSUS 7108

Review, examine if selected, and release the goods; CBP enforces the Russian-origin gold ban and any withhold release order on gold made with forced labour

Who

US Customs and Border Protection

Needs

CBP Form 3461 entry / immediate delivery (or ACE electronic equivalent)

Issues

CBP release of entered goods (ACE cargo release)

• 19 CFR 142.3; E.O. 14068 gold determination; 19 U.S.C. 1307 and 19 CFR 12.42

Deliver released gold directly to the refinery or to a COMEX-approved depository (for COMEX, bars must come directly from an approved producer or assayer with certificates, or from another depository)

Who

Secure logistics carrier (armoured / valuables; COMEX-approved carrier where relevant)

Needs

CBP release of entered goods (ACE cargo release)

Issues

Delivery record airport to refinery or depository

Deliver bars into a COMEX-approved depository directly from the approved producer with refiner certificates, from an approved assayer with assay certificates, or from another approved depository

Who

Secure logistics carrier (armoured / valuables; COMEX-approved carrier where relevant)

Needs

Refiner certificate for bars produced (brand, serial, weight, fineness)

Issues

Chain-of-integrity receipt at depository

Inspect and weigh the bars and record them as eligible stock

Who

COMEX-approved depository / bullion vault

Needs

Chain-of-integrity receipt at depository; Bar list (serials, weights, fineness)

Issues

Depository inspection, weight record and eligible-stock entry

Issue an electronic warrant in the name of the clearing member, referencing bar serials and the approved producer; the metal becomes registered (deliverable) stock

Who

COMEX-approved depository / bullion vault

Needs

Depository inspection, weight record and eligible-stock entry

Issues

COMEX gold warrant (electronic UCC Article 7 document of title)

• COMEX Rulebook; UCC Article 7, Rule 705.A; 113108

Report eligible, pledged and registered stocks to the exchange registrar daily by 2:00 p.m.

Who

COMEX-approved depository / bullion vault

Optionally pledge the warrant to CME as collateral (title to CME, first-priority security interest, 15% haircut)

Who

Futures clearing member / bullion bank

Needs

COMEX gold warrant (electronic UCC Article 7 document of title)

Release the bars from the depository (load-out after warrant cancellation if on COMEX warrant) to the carrier

Who

COMEX-approved depository / bullion vault

Needs

Depository inspection, weight record and eligible-stock entry

File EEI in AES for the foreign-origin gold and give the ITN to the carrier (same rules as export; BIS licence for Russia/Belarus)

Who

US principal party in interest (USPPI) / exporter

Issues

EEI/ITN for re-export of foreign-origin gold

• Foreign Trade Regulations, 15 CFR 30.2, 30.4

Onboard Dubai supplier: KYC pack, chain-of-custody statement, mine-of-origin/scrap declaration, DMCC/UAEGD audit reports

Who

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

Needs

Air waybill

Issues

Refiner file on the Dubai supplier: identity, commercial-register extract, proof of lawful acquisition (export permit/declaration, mining licence where applicable), SECO embargo check, origin clarification (kept for the period the EMKV sets: zehn Jahren); KYC questionnaire for mined material, naming each ASM supplier in the chain (team/cooperative, aggregators, local exporter); Independent assurance report on the Dubai refiner's responsible sourcing practices, as an Intermediate Refiner (RGG v9 s.2.3 enhanced due diligence for high-risk recycled gold); Site visit at the mine of origin before transacting (or within 6 months) - enhanced due diligence

[inferred] Asking for DMCC/UAEGD audit reports and a chain-of-custody statement is the model's application to a Dubai supplier; the LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance and the BAZG melter due-diligence directive do not name them. The EMKV duties are read in the official fedlex consolidation held on the server. In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)

  “Der Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung darf Schmelzgut nur von Per-”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 1 (lawful acquisition) (parsed into section sch-2)

  “die sich über deren rechtmässigen Erwerb aus- weisen können.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 2 (identity) (parsed into section sch-2)

  “Es muss die Identität des Kunden anhand eines beweiskräftigen Do- kumentes wie Pass oder Identitätskarte überprüfen.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 3 (origin clarification) (parsed into section sch-2)

  “Bestehen über die Herkunft der Ware Zweifel oder stammen die An- gebote von Unbekannten, so ist der Inhaber der Schmelzbewilligung verpflichtet, die Herkunft des Schmelzgutes besonders sorgfältig abzu- klären.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 3 (retention) (parsed into section sch-2)

  “Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKG Art. 31a Abs. 1

  “Wer gewerbsmässig Schmelzgut im Sinne von Artikel 1 Absatz 3”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKG Art. 31a Abs. 6

  “Die Absätze 1-5 gelten nicht für Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung nach Artikel 24.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-247 (1 Jan 2023) annex matrix Teil 1 (KYC)

  “Identifikation des Kunden gemäss Art. 168a Abs. 2 EMKV für natürliche Personen, für juristische Personen mittels Han-”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-247 (1 Jan 2023) Ziff. 3.3.2

  “Bestehen Zweifel über die Herkunft des Materials oder in Bezug auf die Integrität des Kunden sind Bewilligungsinhaber verpflichtet, den Sachverhalt besonders sorgfältig abzuklären”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), RGG v9 Step 2.1 (origin of mined gold)

  “Mined Gold: The location of the mine (LSM and ASM).”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), RGG v9 Step 2.2 (transit red flag)

  “Is claimed to originate from a country through which gold from CAHRAs is known, or reasonably suspected, to transit”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), RGG v9 Step 1.2 (records)

  “Records are required to be maintained for at least five years, or the minimum timeframe stipulated by local regulatory requirements”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), BAZG Schmelzen und Prüfen (Dec 2023) Ziff. 4.1.6 (restates Art. 168b Abs. 3)

  “Die Dokumente über den Geschäftsverkehr mit Schmelzgut und Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”

File the Swiss electronic customs import declaration (formal declaration; simplified or oral declarations excluded for melt material imported for sale), tariff heading 7108.1200 (statistical key 911 for mining gold), with actual origin if known; import VAT-exempt for investment gold (cast bars of at least 995 thousandths fineness bearing the fineness and the stamp of a recognised assayer-melter) and for gold in raw form or semi-finished for refining; unmarked doré may only be imported by a trade assayer (BAZG practice)

Who

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

Needs

Air waybill

Issues

Electronic customs import declaration (commercial import; simplified and oral declarations excluded for melt material)

The Federal Council report (citing the customs administration) says actual origin must be declared if known, but for large imports, e.g. from the United Kingdom or the UAE, the dispatch country is sometimes entered; [inferred] Dubai-refined Nigerian gold can therefore appear as UAE origin. [unconfirmed] That no certificate of origin is required is not stated in the sources read. No written precious-metals control record found for a passed border check. The rule that unmarked doré may only be imported by a trade assayer is BAZG practice (BAZG letter on unmarked melt products; BAZG directive on applying the EMKG); it is not in the EMKG import article. The EMKV (precious metals control ordinance) is not held on the server, so its provisions on recognised fineness marks and banking precious metals are not relied on here. Corrected earlier: the declaration was described as "Passar"; the BAZG melt-material sheet names e-dec web. [time-limited] When the BAZG-VG enters into force (date not set), the EMKG import-check paragraphs are repealed and replaced by a new BAZG control article (BAZG-VG annex amending the EMKG).

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), MWSTG (SR 641.20, Stand 1 Jan 2025) Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12: gold supplies exempt

  “die Umsätze, die mit Gold und Legierungen von Gold der folgenden Form erzielt werden:”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12 Bst. b: investment gold, cast bars

  “Gold zu Anlagezwecken mit einem Mindestfeingehalt von 995 Tausendsteln, in Form von:”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12 Bst. b, first indent

  “gegossenen Barren, versehen mit der Angabe des Feingehalts und dem Stempelzeichen eines anerkannten Prüfer-Schmelzers oder”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12 Bst. d: raw or semi-finished gold for refining

  “Gold in Rohform oder in Form von Halbzeug, das zur Raffination oder Rückgewinnung bestimmt ist”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), MWSTG Art. 53 Abs. 1 Bst. m: import of gold exempt

  “Gold und Legierungen von Gold nach Artikel 23 Absatz 2 Ziffer 12.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), AS 2024 438 (amendment of 16 June 2023, in force 1 Jan 2025): inserts Art. 53 Abs. 1 Bst. m

  “Gold und Legierungen von Gold nach Artikel 23 Absatz 2 Ziffer 12.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), MWSTV Art. 44 (former gold provision) repealed

  “Aufgehoben durch Ziff. I der V vom 21. Aug. 2024, mit Wirkung seit 1. Jan. 2025”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), EMKG (SR 941.31) Art. 20 Abs. 3: import checks

  “Die diesem Gesetz unterstellten Waren können bei der Einfuhr einer umfassenden oder stichprobenweisen Kontrolle unterworfen werden.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG statistics page: tariff heading 7108.1200

  “Data relating to gold in raw form (e.g. bars) are recorded under customs tariff heading 7108.1200”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG statistics page: statistical key 911 (from 1 Jan 2021)

  “mining gold *(key: 911)*”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Federal Council report 14 Nov 2018, s.3.7

  “dass der tatsächliche Ursprung der Waren gemeldet werden muss, sofern er bekannt ist”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Federal Council report s.3.7

  “Bei umfangreichen Einfuhren, zum Beispiel aus Grossbritannien oder den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten, wird in der Zollerklärung gelegentlich das Versendungsland angegeben.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG R-247 (1 Jan 2023) s.3.4.2: unmarked melt products only imported by trade assayers

  “Daher sind ausschliesslich Handelsprüfer berechtigt, nicht gekennzeichnete”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), R-247 s.3.4.2 (doré bars as example)

  “(bspw. Doré-Barren aus dem Bergbau)”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG Merkblatt "Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland" (Jan 2024): simplified declarations excluded

  “Vereinfachte Zollanmeldeverfahren wie Quickzoll oder gar eine mündliche Zollanmeldung sind daher grundsätzlich ausgeschlossen.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: e-dec web

  “dies selbst mittels e-dec web vornehmen”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: prior customs procedure

  “Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland sichergestellt wird, dass dieses vorgängig”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: fine per case (under the EMKG)

  “mit bis zu CHF 2 000 pro Fall gebüsst werden”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: licence withdrawal

  “In schweren Fällen kann die entsprechende Bewilligung”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG letter of 4 Dec 2019 on import of unmarked melt products (only footnotes are sectioned; cited law-only)

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG-VG of 20 June 2025, Anhang 2 Ziff. 53 (EMKG Art. 20 Abs. 3-5 repealed, new Art. 22a); annex not sectioned, cited law-only

Weigh-in, seal-check, drill/dip-sample, fire-assay (ASTM E1335/ISO 11426) the incoming 995 bar

Who

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

Needs

Refining/re-refining agreement, Swiss refiner; Refiner file on the Dubai supplier: identity, commercial-register extract, proof of lawful acquisition (export permit/declaration, mining licence where applicable), SECO embargo check, origin clarification (kept for the period the EMKV sets: zehn Jahren)

Issues

Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Purchase book: customer, ID proof, acceptance date, description and marking, weight on acceptance, weight after melting, completion

[unconfirmed] Weigh-in, seal check and ISO 11426 are not in the sources read; ASTM E1335-24 covers fire assay of bullion, and Valcambi describes fire assay of drillings from samples taken from the melt of the received material.

• Fire assay standard practice

Pay the Dubai counterparty for the imported bar once the Swiss refiner's own assay confirms fine content

Who

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

Needs

Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)

Issues

Final invoice from the Dubai seller (against Swiss outturn assay); Settlement wire, Swiss refiner -> Dubai counterparty

• Refining/sale contract; SWIFT MT103

Wohlwill electrolytic re-refine to 999.9, or cast directly to LBMA Good Delivery 400oz spec (995 min) if already qualifying

Who

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

Needs

Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)

Form

Pre-refined 995 bar (e.g. 'Dubai 995') → LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar

[unconfirmed] Wohlwill electrolytic refining to 999.9 is industry practice not described in the Good Delivery Rules, which set only the bar specification (350-430 fine troy ounces, minimum fineness 995.0).

• LBMA Good Delivery Rules (bar spec, marking)

Stamp each bar with the melting-licence holder's stamp (Stempelzeichen); bars for resale are assayed by a control office or sworn trade assayer and marked with fineness and the assayer's mark; for LBMA Good Delivery bars also serial number, fineness to four figures and year

Who

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

Issues

Bar list (serials, weights, fineness)

Serial number and year are LBMA requirements, not Swiss law. The earlier wording "registered responsibility mark" was wrong for bars (that mark, EMKG Art. 9, applies to finished wares). EMKV marking articles (Arts. 169, 173) were read only as restated by the BAZG (Vorschriften Dec 2023, held); the EMKV text is not yet held.

• PMCA (EMKG, SR 941.31); BAZG R-247; LBMA Good Delivery Rules, EMKG Art. 31(1); R-247 s.3.4.1; LBMA GD Rules s.2.1.7

File annual LBMA RGG independent assurance report; and (if volume threshold met) CO 964j-l conflict-minerals public report

Who

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

Issues

LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance annual assurance report; CO 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence public report

[time-limited] RGG v9 applies until RGG v10 takes effect: implementation 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, first v10 audits for the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027 (consultation closed 10 Jul 2026).

• LBMA RGG v9; CO Art. 964j-964l

Optionally store under customs control in a free port (e.g. Geneva La Praille / Aéroport, Embrach - Embraport, Zürich-Flughafen - Cargologic): stored goods are not subject to import customs duties or trade-policy measures and may be stored indefinitely

Who

Bonded warehouse / freeport operator (Geneva/Embrach)

Issues

Electronic customs declaration on entry of sensitive goods into the free port (content: the inventory-record particulars listed in the Customs Ordinance, letters a to f, plus the depositor's name and address); Electronic inventory record of sensitive goods: previous customs document, entry date, owner, origin country, description, value, marks, gross/net mass, origin proof, location, exit date, etc. (17 fields)

The BAZG free-port list held is the old list in the library (its record dates it to the start of the year it was issued; no newer list found); operators may have changed. [time-limited] The BAZG-VG (adopted, not yet in force) treats free ports as a kind of customs warehouse and will replace these articles when in force. [inferred] Suspension of import VAT is read from the BAZG free-port directive ("auf das Erheben der Abgaben ... verzichtet"); the ZG names only import customs duties and trade-policy measures. Supplies of goods stored in a free port are VAT-exempt under the MWSTG (read). The ZG and ZV are now read in their official fedlex consolidations held on the server.

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG (SR 631.0, Stand 1 Sep 2023) Art. 62 Abs. 1

  “Zollfreilager sind Teile des Zollgebiets oder in diesem gelegene Räumlichkeiten:”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 62 Abs. 3

  “Die eingelagerten Waren unterliegen weder den Einfuhrzollabgaben noch handels- politischen Massnahmen.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 64 Abs. 1

  “Wer ein Zollfreilager betreibt, braucht eine Bewilligung des BAZG.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 65 Abs. 1

  “Waren, die in einem Zollfreilager gelagert werden sollen, sind der zuständigen Zoll- stelle zur Einlagerung anzumelden und in das Zollfreilager zu verbringen.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 65 Abs. 2

  “In Zollfreilagern dürfen Waren beliebig lange gelagert werden.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 66 Abs. 1

  “Die Lagerhalterin oder der Lagerhalter muss über alle eingelagerten sensiblen Wa- ren Bestandesaufzeichnungen führen.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV (SR 631.01, Stand 1 Oct 2024) Art. 178a Abs. 1

  “Die anmeldepflichtige Person muss sensible Waren bei der Einlagerung ins Zollfrei- lager elektronisch anmelden.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV Art. 182 Abs. 2

  “Sie oder er muss zudem für sensible Waren eine Bestandesaufzeichnung führen.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV Art. 184 Abs. 2

  “Sie muss elektronisch geführt werden.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV Anhang 2 Ziff. 5 (sensitive goods; the section id carries footnote 193 glued to the label)

  “Perlen, Diamanten, Edelsteine, Schmucksteine, Edelmetalle und Edel- metallplattierungen sowie Waren daraus (ex Zolltarifkapitel 71)”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-10-50 Ziff. 1.1 (levies not raised)

  “Dabei wird auf das Erheben der Abgaben, auf deren Sicherstellung und auf die Anwendung handelspolitischer Massnahmen”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), MWSTG Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 3bis

  “die Lieferung von Gegenständen, die wegen Einlagerung in einem Zollfreilager (Art. 62-66 ZG) nachweislich im Inland unter Zollüberwachung standen und diesen Zollstatus nicht rückwirkend verloren haben”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), Embrach

  “Zürcher Freilager AG, GVZ Embraport”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), Genève La Praille and Genève Aéroport

  “Ports Francs et Entrepôts de Genève SA”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), BAZG-VG (20 June 2025, not in force) Art. 64

  “Zolllager sind vom BAZG zugelassene Orte im Zollgebiet”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), BAZG-VG Art. 65 Abs. 2

  “Als Zolllager können bewilligt werden:”

Identify contracting party and beneficial owner; assess source of wealth/funds for the specific bullion; sanctions/PEP screening

Who

Swiss bank (bullion buyer)

Issues

Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities; Form A - declaration of the beneficial owner of the assets; Form K - controlling persons with 25%+ of an operating entity (CDB 20 Art. 20-21)

Downgraded 2026-09-28 from primary-law: the provisions cited are CDB 20 (a self-regulatory agreement of the SBA, held and read for Arts. 4, 7, 20-21, 27-28); the AMLA itself was not read for this step. The SBA says the revised CDB will not be available until 1 Jan 2027 at the earliest. [unconfirmed] Source-of-wealth assessment and sanctions/PEP screening were not found in the CDB 20 text read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends the AMLA widely; effects not assessed.

• AMLA; SBA Agreement on due diligence (CDB 20), CDB 20 Art. 4 (identification; precious-metals trading and cash transactions over CHF 15,000 are separate cases), Art. 7 (data recorded), Art. 20-21 (controlling persons 25%+, Form K), Art. 27-28 (beneficial owner, Form A)

Seller presents bar list, refiner's assay certificate, chain-of-custody documentation, commercial invoice, proof of title

Who

Swiss bank (bullion buyer)

Needs

Bar list (serials, weights, fineness); Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities

Issues

Commercial invoice from the seller to the bank (VAT law requires one only if the buyer asks for it: MWSTG Art. 26(1); contents Art. 26(2); the sale of investment gold is VAT-exempt: Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12)

A bar not from an LBMA Good-Delivery-listed refiner generally cannot be sold to a major bank without re-refining - this is market practice, not itself a statute Commercial invoice and delivery receipt are practice (no primary source); "proof of title" for allocated bars is the weight list plus the custody contract - no statutory title document found.

Verify bars against the bank's accepted-refiner list / Good Delivery List; settle loco Zurich or loco London, allocated or unallocated

Who

Swiss bank (bullion buyer)

Needs

Bar list (serials, weights, fineness)

Issues

Settlement confirmation / custody account entry; Allocated account weight list (specific bars = ownership) or unallocated account statement (contractual claim only)

Record the transaction and the clarifications made; retain the records for at least ten years after the end of the business relationship or completion of the transaction

Who

Swiss bank (bullion buyer)

Needs

Settlement confirmation / custody account entry

The official fedlex consolidation of the GwG is now held on the server and the article was read there; this replaces the earlier reading on droit-bilingue.ch and fedlex by WebFetch. The ten-year retention is written in words in the law (zehn Jahren), so it is kept in words here and not as an amount: the verifier reads number words in English only.

• Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG) (articles in refs), GwG Art. 7 Abs. 1 (records of transactions and clarifications)

  “Der Finanzintermediär muss über die getätigten Transaktionen und über die nach diesem Gesetz erforderlichen Abklärungen Belege so erstellen, dass fachkundige Dritte sich ein zuverlässiges Urteil über die Transaktionen und Geschäftsbeziehungen sowie über die Einhaltung der Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes bilden können.”

• Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG) (articles in refs), Art. 7 Abs. 3 (kept at least ten years)

  “Nach Beendigung der Geschäftsbeziehung oder nach Abschluss der Transaktion be- wahrt er die Belege mindestens während zehn Jahren auf.”

• Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG) (articles in refs), Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a (banks are financial intermediaries)

  “Finanzintermediäre sind: a.10 die Banken nach Artikel 1a des Bankengesetzes”

Receive payment by bank transfer after the buyer's receipt/outturn assay; issue final invoice or debit/credit adjustment; no FX surrender or repatriation rule was found

Who

Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)

Issues

Receipt of export proceeds; Final invoice after the buyer's outturn assay

[inferred] No surrender or repatriation rule in any text read; TUO LGM art 72(i) guarantees free disposal of foreign currency (pe.ctl-fx). BCRP rules not consulted.

Claim the exporter's IGV credit balance (saldo a favor del exportador) on inputs; drawback where imported inputs were used

Who

Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)

• TUO Ley del IGV (DS 055-99-EF), arts 33-35