Colombia [RUCOM exporter (C.I.) or authorised exploiter exporting its own production] → Canada (refine) → United States · Sale by COMEX futures delivery

Where the goods start

Doré bar - unstamped → Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed

• Autorretención especial a título de renta, CIIU 0722 (extracción de oro y otros metales preciosos)

  4.50% Income of gold extractors

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Decreto 1625 de 2016 as modified by Decreto 572 de 2025, art 1.2.6.8

• Autorretención especial a título de renta, CIIU 0722 (previous rate)

  2.40% Income of gold extractors

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Decreto 1625 de 2016 as modified by Decreto 242 de 2024, art 1.2.6.8

• Retención/autorretención on exports of other mineral products (incl. gold)

  1.0% of gross export proceeds Gold exports, except gold exported by C.I. companies that already withheld on purchases under art 1.2.4.6.9

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Decreto 1625 de 2016 as modified by Decreto 242 de 2024, art 1.2.4.10.12, par. 1

• Contribución parafiscal de la esmeralda (1%) - not applicable to gold

  1% of the foreign-currency value to be repatriated Exports of esmeraldas sin engastar only - not gold, not jewellery

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Ley 488 de 1998, art 101

• Regalía sobre oro (royalty)

  4% (oro y plata); 6% (oro de aluvión en contratos de concesión); platino 5% - state-owned minerals. Private-subsoil (RPP) mines: see co.tax-royalty-rpp-2019 All gold extracted in Colombia (royalty accrues at extraction, at mine mouth: Ley 2056 art 18); proof of payment before any export (Ley 2056 art 186). Imported gold re-exported does not need the royalty visto bueno (ANM FAQ).

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Ley 141 de 1994 art 16 as modified by Ley 756 de 2002 art 16; Ley 685 de 2001 arts 227-228; Ley 2056 de 2020 arts 18, 186, Ley 141 art 16 and parágrafo 9

    “El valor de gramo oro, plata y platino en boca de mina para liquidar las regalías, será del ochenta por ciento (80%) del precio internacional promedio del último mes, publicado por la bolsa de metales de Londres en su versión Pasado Meridiano”

• Royalty on precious metals from private-subsoil (RPP) mines (2006 rule)

  0.4% Gold, silver and platinum from reconocimientos de propiedad privada

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Decreto 1631 de 2006; Ley 685 de 2001 art 227 inc 2, Decreto 1631 arts 1, 4

• Royalty on precious metals from private-subsoil (RPP) mines

  Oro y plata veta 0.4%; oro y plata aluvión 2.0%; platino 1.0% Gold, silver and platinum from reconocimientos de propiedad privada

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Ley 1955 de 2019, art 330

• Retención en la fuente (income tax) on gold purchases by C.I. companies

  2.5% of the total payment Domestic purchases of gold by sociedades de comercialización internacional

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Decreto 1625 de 2016 as modified by Decreto 572 de 2025, art 1.2.4.6.9

• Retención en la fuente on gold purchases by C.I. companies (previous rate)

  1% Domestic purchases of gold by C.I. companies

  Official guidanceAmount not confirmed

  • Decreto 1625 de 2016, art 1.2.4.6.9 (before Decreto 572 de 2025)

• Retención en la fuente on gold purchases by buyers other than C.I. (otros ingresos tributarios)

  2.5% (declarant seller) / 3.5% (non-declarant) Gold purchases by traders, free-zone industrial users (DIAN oficio 907838) and other buyers that are not C.I. companies

  Official guidanceAmount not confirmed

  • Estatuto Tributario arts 368, 401; Decreto 1625 de 2016, ET art 401 (3.5% non-declarants); DUR 1625 art 1.2.4.9.1 (as cited by DIAN)

• Exploration or exploitation without title, and the benefit, trade or acquisition of minerals from untitled areas (except barequeo), are crimes by reference to the Penal Code; alcaldes provisionally seize minerals transported or traded without invoice or mine constancia (Ley 685 art 161); police fine…

  Primary law

  • Ley 685 de 2001 arts 159-161; Ley 1450 de 2011 art 106; Ley 1801 de 2016 art 105

• Anyone buying, selling, exporting or importing gold must have operational, administrative, financial and technical capacity (MinMinas criteria), obtain supplier information for ANM, and (exporters) prove beneficiation at a RUCOM-published plant; they must apply supply-chain due diligence under MinMi…

  Primary law

  • Ley 2250 de 2022 art 17; Resolución ANM 759 de 2024 art 9

• DIAN special export procedure for chapter 71 goods: SAE at the seccional where the goods are; physical inspection in the secondary zone requested before SAE acceptance (exporter premises with calibrated scales or an authorised valuables-transport company); weight and fineness recorded and packages s…

  Primary law

  • Resolución DIAN 46 de 2019 arts 367 (mod. Res. 39/2021), 374; Decreto 1165 de 2019 arts 348, 352, 396

• Proceeds of goods exports must be channelled through the FX market (IMC or registered compensation account) within six months of receipt; net repatriation allowed for export costs paid directly; the channelling data (declaración de cambio) are transmitted by the intermediary; sanctions per law. Ope…

  Primary law

  • Resolución Externa 1 de 2018 (Banco de la República), arts 41, 74, 78, 88, 91, 93, 94

• Mercury use in mining had to be eradicated within a maximum of five years of Ley 1658 (15 Jul 2013), i.e. by July 2018 [inferred arithmetic]; no new gold beneficiation plants using mercury; no amalgam burning in residential, commercial, institutional or recreational zones.

  Primary law

  • Ley 1658 de 2013, arts 3, 9

• Any export of minerals requires prior accreditation before DIAN of royalty payment (Ley 2056 art 186). ANM issues the visto bueno via VUCE after checking royalty payment and lawful origin (3 business days; valid 3 months). Scrap/disused gold (no royalty) needs a certification by an accredited inspec…

  Primary law

  • Ley 2056 de 2020 art 186; Decreto 600 de 1996 art 20 (as modified by Decreto 4479 de 2009 art 1)

• Only persons certified in RUCOM (traders, beneficiation plants) or published as authorised exploiters may buy, sell, process or export minerals; buyers must check the seller listing (from 1 Jan 2012: seizure and fine for buying from unlisted sellers). Certification renewed each May. Exempt from insc…

  Primary law

  • Ley 1450 de 2011 art 112; Ley 2250 de 2022 art 18; Decreto 1073 de 2015 arts 2.2.5.6.1.1.4, 2.2.5.6.1.1.5, 2.2.5.6.1.2.2, 2.2.5.6.1.4.1

• Subsistence miners may produce at most 35 g of gold as monthly average and 420 g per year; buyers must verify caps and listing; ANM removes miners exceeding caps from RUCOM and informs DIAN; ANM rejects export approvals supported by subsistence volumes above the annual maximum; the PTM rejects purch…

  35 g monthly average; 420 g annual maximum per miner

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Resolución MinMinas 40103 de 2017 art 1; Ley 1955 de 2019 art 327; Decreto 1073 de 2015 arts 2.2.5.6.1.1.6 par 2, 2.2.5.6.1.2.2 lit k, 2.2.5.6.4.7; Resolución ANM 759 de 2024 art 11

• Every commercial transaction in minerals must be registered in the Plataforma de Trazabilidad de Minerales - PTM (Res. ANM 759 art. 5; Decreto 2234 de 2023, DUR art. 2.2.5.6.4.5): origin code, transaction code, seller identity, origin document, due-diligence checks, and the Documento de Registro enc…

  Primary law

  • Decreto 2234 de 2023 (Decreto 1073 de 2015, arts 2.2.5.6.4.1 to 2.2.5.6.4.8); Resolución ANM 759 de 2024 arts 5, 9, 11, 26, 27 (arts 26 and 27 as replaced by the ANM resolution of 29 December 2025); Ley 2250 de 2022 art. 15

    “Parte 2 del Libro 2 del Decreto 1073 de 2015 - Decreto Único Reglamentario del Sector Administrativo de Minas y Energía”

• Gold exporters and importers (habitual or sporadic, listed tariff lines incl. 7108), casas fundidoras de oro and C.I. companies trading gold report to UIAF: ROS immediately (art 2); absence of ROS within the first 10 calendar days of each month (art 3); all gold purchase/sale operations whatever the…

  Primary law

  • Resolución UIAF 363 de 2008

On the way

Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed → LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar

• GST on imported precious metal

  Non-taxable Imported precious metals under any circumstances (SOR/91-31 s.3(a)); unwrought gold, waste and scrap and gold concentrates imported to be refined into precious metals (s.3(b))

  Primary law

  • Excise Tax Act; Non-Taxable Imported Goods (GST/HST) Regulations, ETA Sched VII s.8; SOR/91-31 s.3(a), (b)

• GST/HST on 'precious metal' (gold bars, ingots, coins, wafers of 99.5%+)

  Zero-rated when supplied by the refiner or the person on whose behalf it was refined (Sched VI Part IX s.3); otherwise exempt as a financial service (Sched V Part VII s.1); supplies by a financial institution to a non-resident zero-rated (Sched VI Part IX s.1) ref.ms-gd400, ref.ms-9999 bars; not doré, granules or jewellery

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Excise Tax Act, s.123(1); Sched V Part VII s.1; Sched VI Part IX ss.1, 3

• GST/HST on doré and other non-qualifying gold

  5% GST (s.165(1)), or HST in participating provinces; exports zero-rated where Sched VI Part V s.1 applies Doré, granules, scrap sold domestically; refining fees charged to metal owners

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Excise Tax Act, s.165(1), (2); Sched VI Part V s.1

• Customs duty on gold (7108) and gold scrap (7112.91)

  Free (MFN and every applicable preferential tariff, incl. UST, CPTPT, UKT) Doré, bullion, powder, semi-manufactures, monetary gold, gold scrap

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Customs Tariff, 7108.11-7108.20, 7112.91

• S.C. 2026, c. 4 (Bill C-12, royal assent 26 Mar 2026) amended the PCMLTFA and the AMP Regulations: penalty ranges per violation $1 to $40,000 (minor), $1 to $4,000,000 (serious) and $1 to $20,000,000 (very serious) (AMP Regulations s.5, as amended by s.118), subject to the Act's maxima of $4,000,000…

  Primary law

  • PCMLTFA and PCMLTF AMP Regulations as amended by S.C. 2026, c. 4, Act ss.9.6(1.1), 73.1; SOR/2007-292 s.5

• CBSA officers may enter premises where goods destined for export are reported, loaded or stored and examine them (Customs Act ss.97.01-97.02, added by S.C. 2026, c. 4, Part 1).

  Primary law

  • Customs Act, ss.97.01, 97.02

• Extractive entities (listed in Canada, or meeting two of $20m assets, $40m revenue, 250 employees) must report and publish payments of $100,000 or more per category per payee to governments in Canada and abroad within 150 days after year end; keep records 7 years; fine up to $250,000 (ESTMA ss.8, 9,…

  Primary law

  • Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act, ss.8, 9, 13, 24

• A DPMS receiving $10,000 or more in cash in a single transaction must file a large cash transaction report (unless from a financial entity or public body); amounts received within 24 consecutive hours from or for the same person are aggregated.

  $10,000 cash

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • PCMLTF Regulations, ss.66, 126

• No exchange control or export-proceeds repatriation requirement identified.

  Unverified

• Since 2025 the Ontario Minister may suspend MLAS access, prohibit or terminate prospector's licences, deny leases and (with Lieutenant Governor in Council approval) cancel claims or terminate leases for the protection of the strategic national mineral supply chain.

  Primary law

  • Ontario Mining Act, ss.4.1(8)-(14), 26.1, 81(1.1), 176.1

• No legal cap on cash payments for gold is in force. Bill C-2 (Strong Borders Act, first reading 3 Jun 2025) Part 11 would add PCMLTFA s.77.5 making it an offence for a person or entity engaged in a business to accept a cash payment, donation or deposit of $10,000 or more (single or prescribed relate…

  $10,000 (proposed)

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Bill C-2 (not enacted), proposed PCMLTFA s.77.5

• Travellers must declare currency or monetary instruments of CAN$10,000 or more; gold bullion is not a monetary instrument and moves as goods through customs.

  CAN$10,000

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Cross-border Currency and Monetary Instruments Reporting Regulations, ss.1, 2

• Dealers in precious metals and precious stones are PCMLTFA reporting entities for purchases or sales of $10,000 or more (compliance program, KYC, beneficial ownership, PEPs, records kept at least five years, STR, LCTR, LVCTR, listed-person property and sanctions-evasion reports). Excluded: purchases…

  $10,000 per purchase or sale

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • PCMLTF Regulations, ss.1(2), 65, 148

• Export reporting (not licensing): non-monetary gold must be declared through CERS/G7 EDI when worth CAD 2,000+ and going anywhere but the US; exports to the US of non-restricted goods are exempt.

  CAD 2,000; US destinations exempt

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Customs Act s.95; Reporting of Exported Goods Regulations, REGR ss.3, 6(b), 7

• Tariff item 9897.00.00 prohibits importation of "Goods manufactured or produced wholly or in part by prison labour" and "Goods mined, manufactured or produced wholly or in part by forced labour or child labour as those terms are defined in section 2 of the Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child La…

  Primary law

  • Customs Tariff, Schedule, tariff item 9897.00.00

• Canada hosts three LBMA Good Delivery gold refiners: Royal Canadian Mint (Ottawa, listed ~1919), CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation (Montreal East, ~1956) and Asahi Refining Canada Limited (Brampton, 15/06/1961). Output is accepted in London; Asahi and the Mint also state COMEX acceptance.

  Standard

• Gold is not on the Export Control List: no export permit, licence or state approval is required to export gold, and no state buyer or export monopoly exists.

  Primary law

  • Export and Import Permits Act; Export Control List, EIPA s.13; SOR/89-202

• Every Ontario patent, lease or other disposition of lands, claims or mining rights is subject to the condition that "all ores or minerals raised or removed therefrom shall be treated and refined in Canada so as to yield refined metal or other product suitable for direct use in the arts without furth…

  Primary law

  • Ontario Mining Act, s.91

• No person in Canada or Canadian abroad may export, sell, supply or ship unwrought (710812) or semi-manufactured (710813) gold, wherever situated, to Russia or to any person in Russia (Schedule 6 Part 1 items 176-177; also jewellery and other listed articles). Exception: personal effects.

  Primary law

  • Special Economic Measures (Russia) Regulations, s.3.08, Schedule 6 Part 1 items 176-177

• Persons in Canada and Canadians abroad may not import, purchase or acquire any Schedule 9 good from Russia or from any person in Russia: gold powder (710811), other unwrought (710812), semi-manufactured (710813), monetary gold (710820), jewellery (711319) and goldsmiths' wares (711419) of precious m…

  Primary law

  • Special Economic Measures (Russia) Regulations, s.3.11, Schedule 9

• No person in Canada or Canadian abroad may import, purchase or acquire Schedule 13 goods, wherever situated, from Russia or a person in Russia; Schedule 13 item 137 is heading 7112 (waste and scrap of precious metal). Added by SOR/2025-143.

  Primary law

  • Special Economic Measures (Russia) Regulations, s.3.16, Schedule 13 item 137

• Entities producing, selling or distributing goods, or importing goods, that are listed in Canada or meet two of $20m assets, $40m revenue, 250 employees must report to the Minister by May 31 each year on steps taken to prevent forced and child labour in their supply chains (S.C. 2023, c. 9, ss.2, 9,…

  Primary law

  • Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act, ss.9, 11

Where the goods arrive

• Customs duty on gold (HTSUS 7108)

  Column 1 general: Free on 7108.11.00 (powder), 7108.12.10 (bullion and dore), 7108.13.10 (gold leaf), 7108.13.55 (rectangular or near-rectangular shapes of 99.5%+ gold marked only with weight, purity or other identifying information), 7108.20.00 (monetary); 4.1% on 7108.12.50 (other unwrought) and 7108.13.70 (other semi-manufactured), Free for special programmes A, AU, BH, CL, CO, D, E, IL, JO, KR, MA, OM, P, PA, PE, S, SG (General Note 3(c)(i): e.g. S = USMCA, PE = Peru TPA, CO = Colombia TPA, AU = Australia FTA, CL = Chile FTA, SG = Singapore FTA, A = GSP, D = AGOA). Column 2: 65% on 7108.12.50 and 7108.13.70, 8% on gold leaf, Free on the others (7108.13.55 footnoted "See 9903.90.08") All imports of gold

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • HTSUS (Revision 19, 2026), heading 7108

• Nevada gold and silver excise tax

  0.75% of Nevada gross revenue above $20,000,000 up to $150,000,000 (i.e. $975,000 at $150m) plus 1.1% of the excess over $150,000,000; nothing due if $20,000,000 or less

  Official guidanceAmount not confirmed

  • NRS 363D (per Department of Taxation form EXC-F029), NRS 363D.160 (as cited by the Department)

• IEEPA reciprocal tariff (E.O. 14257) - ended February 2026; gold bullion exempt throughout, other 7108 lines exempt from 8 Sep 2025

  10% on all imports from 12:01 a.m. EDT 5 Apr 2025 (E.O. 14257 s.3(a)) plus country-specific rates from 9 Apr 2025 as modified; goods in Annex II excepted 7108.12.10 (bullion and dore) was already in Annex II; E.O. 14346 Annex II (FR 43788-43789) marks 7108.11.00, 7108.12.50, 7108.13.10, 7108.13.55, 7108.13.70 and 7108.20.00 as "Addition" for goods entered from 12:01 a.m. EDT 8 Sep 2025. Before that, cast kilobars and 100 oz bars classified in 7108.13.5500 paid the additional duty (CBP ruling N351466: "subject to an additional 10 percent ad valorem rate of duty").

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • E.O. 14257 as modified by E.O. 14346 (IEEPA); ended by E.O. 14389

• Additional duty on Russian products (9903.90.08)

  35% ad valorem in lieu of column 2 rates Products of Russia in U.S. note 30(b); of heading 7108 only 7108.13.55 is listed. Moot for gold: its import is prohibited (us.ctl-russia-gold-ban)

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • HTSUS chapter 99, 9903.90.08

• Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012) - gold excepted

  10% ad valorem on articles of any country (heading 9903.03.01), in addition to other duties; not applied to the goods listed in U.S. note 2(aa)(ii) (heading 9903.03.03), which include every 7108 subheading: 7108.11.00, 7108.12.10, 7108.12.50, 7108.13.10, 7108.13.55, 7108.13.70, 7108.20.00 Gold of HTSUS 7108 excepted ("metals used in currency and bullion", Proc. 11012 para. 14(b); Annex I para. 2; Annex II)

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Trade Act of 1974 s.122 (19 U.S.C. 2132); Proclamation 11012; HTSUS U.S. note 2(aa), subchapter III, chapter 99, 9903.03.01; 9903.03.03; note 2(aa)(ii)

• Section 301 forced-labor tariffs on 60 economies (USTR, from 24 Jul 2026) - gold excluded

  Additional 10% or 12.5% ad valorem depending on the economy (headings 9903.05.20-9903.05.84), e.g. Canada 10% (9903.05.29), Mexico 10% (9903.05.55), United Kingdom 10% (9903.05.81), Peru 12.5% (9903.05.63), Colombia 12.5% (9903.05.32), United Arab Emirates 12.5% (9903.05.80), Switzerland: for goods whose column-1 rate is under 12.5%, column-1 rate plus additional duty totalling 12.5% (9903.05.74; note 52(k)); the same top-up method applies to the EU, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan headings; not applied to articles in U.S. note 52(b) (heading 9903.05.86), which lists 7108.11.00, 7108.12.10, 7108.12.50, 7108.13.10, 7108.13.55, 7108.13.70 and 7108.20.00 All HTSUS 7108 gold excluded; applies to other products of the listed economies

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • Trade Act of 1974 s.301 (19 U.S.C. 2411); USTR notice FR Doc. 2026-15181; HTSUS U.S. note 52, subchapter III, chapter 99, 9903.05.20-9903.05.84; 9903.05.86; note 52(b)

• VAT / sales tax on gold

  No federal VAT or import VAT; state sales taxes vary - about 33 states exempt investment bullion or have no sales tax (Mar 2026) Bullion sales to end buyers

  Secondary

• BLM mining claim fees

  $49 location fee and $200 initial maintenance fee per new lode claim, mill site or tunnel site; $200 annual maintenance fee (placer: per 20 acres or portion) due on or before 1 September; processing fees per 43 CFR 3000.12 ($25 per new claim on the BLM page)

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • 30 U.S.C. 28f; 43 CFR 3830.21, 43 CFR 3830.21(a), (d)

• Merchandise processing fee

  0.3464% ad valorem on formal entries (19 CFR 24.23(b)(1)(i)(A)); minimum/maximum per entry $33.58/$651.50 for fiscal year 2026 (1 Oct 2025-30 Sep 2026, CBP Dec. 25-10) and $34.58/$670.86 from 1 Oct 2026 (FY2027 notice); base amounts $25/$485 CPI-adjusted; informal entries a flat fee (base $2-$9)

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • 19 CFR 24.23, 24.23(b)(1)(i), (b)(2)

• Beneficial ownership reporting under the Corporate Transparency Act applies only to a "reporting company" defined as an entity "(A) A corporation, limited liability company, or other entity; (B) Formed under the law of a foreign country; and (C) Registered to do business in any State or tribal juris…

  Primary law

  • 31 CFR 1010.380, 1010.380(a)(1), (c)(1)(ii)

• Any trade or business receiving more than $10,000 in currency in one or related transactions must file Form 8300 within 15 days. There is no cash ceiling, only reporting.

  > $10,000 cash

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • 31 CFR 1010.330; 26 USC 6050I, 1010.330(a)(1)(i)

• Gold bullion is not a 'monetary instrument' under the BSA, so the cross-border currency report (CMIR) does not apply to gold carried or shipped across the border; customs entry and EEI are the only declarations.

  Primary law

  • 31 CFR 1010.340; 31 CFR 1010.100(dd), 1010.340(a); 1010.100(dd)

• COMEX gold delivery: one 100 oz bar or three 1 kg bars, weight tolerance 5%, minimum 995 fineness, approved brand from an approved producer complying with LBMA RGG, held in an approved depository reached through the chain of integrity.

  Standard

  • COMEX Rulebook, 113101; Rules 703.A, 705.A

• SEC-reporting issuers that manufacture or contract to manufacture products in which gold is necessary must "conduct in good faith a reasonable country of origin inquiry" (Form SD Item 1.01(a)); if they know or have reason to believe the gold may come from the DRC or an adjoining country and may not …

  Primary law

  • Dodd-Frank s.1502; Exchange Act Rule 13p-1; Form SD (as adopted 2012), 17 CFR 240.13p-1; Form SD Items 1.01-1.02

• Dealers in precious metals (gold of 500+ fineness among covered goods) must keep a written risk-based AML program with compliance officer, training and independent testing; retailers are covered only if they buy over $50,000 from non-dealers.

  Purchased > $50,000 and sold > $50,000 of covered goods in the prior year

  Primary lawAmount not confirmed

  • 31 CFR 1027, 1027.100, 1027.210

• HS 710812 and 710813 (non-monetary gold, unwrought other than powder, and semi-manufactured) are listed EAR 'luxury goods': "A license is required to export, reexport, or transfer (in-country) any item subject to the EAR listed in supplement no. 5 to this part to or within Russia or Belarus" (746.8(…

  Primary law

  • EAR 15 CFR 746.8(a)(7), (b)(3); Supplement No. 5 to Part 746, 746.8(a)(7)

• Goods "mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in any foreign country by convict labor or/and forced labor or/and indentured labor under penal sanctions shall not be entitled to entry" (19 U.S.C. 1307). Where information "reasonably but not conclusively indicates" such merchandise is bein…

  Primary law

  • Tariff Act of 1930 s.307 (19 U.S.C. 1307); 19 CFR 12.42, 19 U.S.C. 1307; 19 CFR 12.42(e)-(h)

• US persons may not deal with SDN-listed parties; the 2023 multi-agency Africa Gold Advisory flags Wagner-linked gold from CAR and Sudan and conflict gold from Mali and Burkina Faso, warning of designation and penalties.

  Official guidance

  • IEEPA-based OFAC programs

• Historical (2025 - Feb 2026): E.O. 14257 imposed an additional 10% on all imports from 5 Apr 2025 and country rates from 9 Apr 2025, with Annex II exceptions that from the start included 7108.12.10 (bullion and dore). CBP ruling N351466 (31 Jul 2025) classified cast 1 kg and 100 oz bars from Switzer…

  Primary law

  • E.O. 14257; E.O. 14346; E.O. 14389; Proclamation 11012; HTSUS U.S. notes 2(aa) and 52

• Import into the US of gold of Russian Federation origin is prohibited unless licensed by OFAC; gold of Russian origin located outside Russia before 28 June 2022 is excluded.

  Primary law

  • E.O. 14068 as amended by E.O. 14114; OFAC Determination (effective 28 Jun 2022, amended 22 Dec 2023), E.O. 14068 s.1(a)(i)(A) (as amended by E.O. 14114 s.3(a)); delegation 31 CFR 587.802

Back in the origin country: the proceeds of the export