Peru to United States
Checked 2026-09-29
Public law and official guidance, published as research. Not legal, tax or financial advice.
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The US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (in force 1 Feb 2009) matters for gold only at the margin: most HTS 7108 lines are duty-free for everyone, but 7108.12.50 and 7108.13.70 (4.1% MFN) are free for Peruvian-originating goods (special code PE); TPA art 2.11 bars discriminatory export taxes. Since 24 Jul 2026 products of Peru face a 12.5% Section 301 forced-labor tariff (9903.05.63), but every HTS 7108 line is exempt (Annex II Part A; U.S. note 52(b)). Earlier IEEPA reciprocal tariffs (gold bullion exempted from Sep 2025) ended in Feb 2026. The two countries' figures for 2024 disagree sharply.
How sure this page is
- Official guidance 1
- Unverified 1
- Researcher's note 2
Where practice departs from the law
What credible sources show happening that the law does not provide for.
US refiners (NTR Metals/Elemetal, Republic Metals, Kaloti) bought Peruvian ASM gold until 2018; Elemetal pleaded guilty to AML failures and three NTR employees were convicted (recorded in the Peru module, pe.div-front-exporters).
UnverifiedResearcher's note: Rests on sources cited in the Peru module; not re-opened here.
No source recordedPeru reported about three times as much gold exported to the US in 2024 as the US recorded importing from Peru (by value) and six times by weight. Possible causes (not verified): doré consigned to US refiners but entered under another origin or in a later period, or goods routed onward. The 2023 Peruvian weight (94,542 kg for US$941m) implies low-grade doré.
Figures: PE US$585.6m / 15,586 kg vs US US$183.7m / 2,496 kg (2024)
Official guidanceResearcher's note: Researcher's arithmetic; cause not investigated.
What we could not obtain
Documents the research needed and could not get, where they might be, and why.
No gaps recorded