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الذهب

سويسرا

تم التحقق في 2026-09-28 · الإصدار r1 · منقول، لم يُراجَع بعد

القانون العام والإرشادات الرسمية منشورة بوصفها أبحاثاً. ليست مشورة قانونية أو ضريبية أو مالية.

البحث نفسه مكتوب بالإنجليزية. العناوين والوسوم مترجمة؛ أما النتائج والاقتباسات فغير مترجمة.

اسأل البحث

اسأل بكلماتك. الإجابة هي البحث نفسه: سجلاته بنصها، مع كل مصدر ومدى الوثوق بكل سجل.
مركز تكريرمركز تداولمركز خزائن

World's main refining hub. Import needs a formal (electronic) declaration; gold of the forms listed in MWSTG Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12 (incl. investment bars of 995+ with a recognised assayer-melter stamp and raw gold for refining) is VAT-exempt on import since 1 Jan 2025 (Art. 53(1)(m)); refiners hold a four-year melt licence (EMKG Art. 24-26), a trade-assayer licence and, for bank precious metals, an EMKG Art. 42bis licence, with EMKV 168a-c origin duties; LBMA Good Delivery refining; bank sale under CDB 20 and the AMLA.

مدى يقين هذه الصفحة

  • نص القانون 31
  • إرشاد رسمي 7
  • معيار 8
  • مصدر ثانوي 3
  • غير مؤكَّد 2
  • لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل 7
  • ملاحظة الباحث 29
  • غير مسجَّل 43
  • نص 25
  • OCR 2
  • نص منسوخ 3
  • غير مذكور 13

الجهات التنظيمية

  • The purchasing Swiss bank

    CDB 20 identification, AMLA KYC/source-of-funds, bar acceptance policy

    لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل
    لا مصدر مسجَّل
  • Central Office for Precious Metals Control (BAZG)

    Melter's licence, trade-assayer licence, responsibility-mark registration, purchaser registration (PMCA/PMCO)

    لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل
    لا مصدر مسجَّل
  • Federal Tax Administration (ESTV/FTA-CH)

    Import VAT, investment-gold exemption

    لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل
    لا مصدر مسجَّل
  • FINMA / SRO (e.g. VQF)

    AMLA supervision of financial intermediaries and precious-metal dealers

    لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل
    لا مصدر مسجَّل
  • LBMA (London Bullion Market Association)

    Good Delivery List accreditation, Responsible Gold Guidance (private industry standard, not Swiss law)

    لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل
    لا مصدر مسجَّل

القوانين

  • AS 2015 4917 - ZV amendment incl. Annex 2 (sensitive goods: ex 71 precious metals)

    النوع
    أمر تنظيمي
    سارٍ من
    2016-01-01
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • AMLA/GwG (Anti-Money Laundering Act): record keeping (Dokumentationspflicht; article in refs)

    النوع
    قانون
    نص القانون

    ملاحظة الباحث: The official fedlex consolidation of the GwG is now held on the server and the article was read there; this replaces the earlier reading on droit-bilingue.ch and fedlex by WebFetch.

    لا مصدر مسجَّل
  • BAZG-Vollzugsaufgabengesetz (BAZG-VG) of 20 June 2025 — adopted, not in force

    Will replace the customs procedure law of the Zollgesetz (ZG) together with the Zollabgabengesetz (ZoG) and amend the MWSTG and EMKG; in force on a date the Federal Council sets.

    المرجع
    BBl 2025 2035
    النوع
    قانون
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • Ordinance on Due Diligence and Transparency (DDTrO)

    المرجع
    SR 221.433
    النوع
    أمر تنظيمي
    سارٍ من
    2022-01-01
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • AS 2024 438 - VAT Act amendment (Art. 23 para 2 no. 12, Art. 53 para 1 let. m), in force 1 Jan 2025

    النوع
    قانون
    سارٍ من
    2025-01-01
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • VAT Ordinance (MWSTV) consolidated 1 Jan 2025 - Art. 44 repealed

    النوع
    لائحة
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • EMKG/PMCA (Precious Metals Control Act, SR 941.31) Art. 20 (import)

    المرجع
    SR 941.31
    النوع
    قانون
    نص القانون

    ملاحظة الباحث: Held as an official fedlex consolidation; the later consolidation does not change this article (law header).

    لا مصدر مسجَّل
  • EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31) Art. 31a

    المرجع
    SR 941.31
    النوع
    قانون
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31) Art. 42bis

    المرجع
    SR 941.31
    النوع
    قانون
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • PMCO/EMKV (Precious Metals Control Ordinance): acceptance of melt material (article in refs)

    النوع
    أمر تنظيمي
    نص القانون

    ملاحظة الباحث: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the EMKV held on the server. In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.

    لا مصدر مسجَّل
  • PMCO Art. 168b (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)

    النوع
    أمر تنظيمي
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • PMCO Art. 168c (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)

    النوع
    أمر تنظيمي
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • PMCO Art. 178 (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)

    النوع
    أمر تنظيمي
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • Swiss Customs Act (ZG): open customs warehouses (articles in refs)

    النوع
    قانون
    نص القانون

    ملاحظة الباحث: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the ZG held on the server.

    لا مصدر مسجَّل
  • Swiss Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)

    النوع
    قانون
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 178a (customs declaration for sensitive goods), as inserted by the amendment of 18 November 2015

    النوع
    لائحة
    نص القانون

    ملاحظة الباحث: [unconfirmed] Read in the amending act; the current consolidated Customs Ordinance is not held on the server, so later amendments to this article are not ruled out.

    لا مصدر مسجَّل
  • Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 182

    النوع
    لائحة
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل
  • Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 184

    النوع
    لائحة
    نص القانونغير مسجَّل

القوانين المتعلقة بـالذهب في سويسرا

من مكتبة القوانين: القوانين الموسومة بهذه السلعة مع مصادرها. ليست نتائج بحث؛ الأقسام أعلاه هي النتائج.

مكتبة القوانين غير متاحة حاليًا. صفحات البحث متاحة؛ حاول مجددًا بعد قليل.

الإجراءات

Bank onboarding, title transfer and settlement

ينطبق عندما: country is where the bars are sold to a bank

  1. الإبلاغ

    Identify contracting party and beneficial owner; assess source of wealth/funds for the specific bullion; sanctions/PEP screening

    من
    Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
    يُصدر
    Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities
    معيارغير مسجَّل

    الأساس القانوني: AMLA; SBA Agreement on due diligence (CDB 20), CDB 20 Art. 4 (identification; precious-metals trading and cash transactions over CHF 15,000 are separate cases), Art. 7 (data recorded), Art. 20-21 (controlling persons 25%+, Form K), Art. 27-28 (beneficial owner, Form A)

    ملاحظة الباحث: Downgraded 2026-09-28 from primary-law: the provisions cited are CDB 20 (a self-regulatory agreement of the SBA, held and read for Arts. 4, 7, 20-21, 27-28); the AMLA itself was not read for this step. The SBA says the revised CDB will not be available until 1 Jan 2027 at the earliest. [unconfirmed] Source-of-wealth assessment and sanctions/PEP screening were not found in the CDB 20 text read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends the AMLA widely; effects not assessed.

  2. الحفظ

    Seller presents bar list, refiner's assay certificate, chain-of-custody documentation, commercial invoice, proof of title

    من
    Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
    يتطلب
    Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities
    يُصدر
    Commercial invoice from the seller to the bank (VAT law requires one only if the buyer asks for it: MWSTG Art. 26(1); contents Art. 26(2); the sale of investment gold is VAT-exempt: Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12)
    مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّلنص منسوخ

    ملاحظة الباحث: A bar not from an LBMA Good-Delivery-listed refiner generally cannot be sold to a major bank without re-refining - this is market practice, not itself a statute Commercial invoice and delivery receipt are practice (no primary source); "proof of title" for allocated bars is the weight list plus the custody contract - no statutory title document found.

  3. الدفع

    Verify bars against the bank's accepted-refiner list / Good Delivery List; settle loco Zurich or loco London, allocated or unallocated

    من
    Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
    يُصدر
    Allocated account weight list (specific bars = ownership) or unallocated account statement (contractual claim only)
    مصدر ثانوي
    لا مصدر مسجَّل

Free-port storage (optional)

ينطبق عندما: country stores under customs control

    Export of refined bars (or re-export of stored bars)

    ينطبق عندما: gold leaves Switzerland after refining or storage

    1. العناية الواجبة

      Screen the bars, buyer and destination against Swiss sanctions before release: no purchase, import, transit or related services (including brokerage and financing) for gold of Russian origin exported after 4 Aug 2022 or gold processed from it in third countries

      من
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      نص القانونغير مسجَّل

      الأساس القانوني: Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d

      ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 read in an unofficial third-party English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024, held in laws/); Annex 26 covers 7108, 7112 91 and ex 7118 90 gold coins; Annex 27 ex 7113 and ex 7114. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is now Stand 21 Sep 2026 and was not read (the fetch tool truncates before Art. 14d); changes after March 2024 are not ruled out. The ordinance contains no explicit ban on selling gold to Russia; the export-side effect is through the services ban.

    2. الحفظ

      Release the bars from the refinery vault or free port against the owner's instruction and prepare the weight list (bar list), commercial invoice and packing list for the shipment

      من
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      يُصدر
      Outbound weight list / bar list; Commercial invoice to the foreign buyer; Packing list
      معيارغير مسجَّلنص منسوخ

      الأساس القانوني: LBMA Good Delivery Rules, Annex C (weight lists); Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)

      ملاحظة الباحث: The weight list is sourced to LBMA Annex C; commercial invoice and packing list are standard export practice, not read in a Swiss source.

    3. الجمارك

      Lodge the electronic export declaration in Passar (HS 7108; e-dec Export was usable only to end-2025); the declarant must make it binding and physically export the goods within 120 days of its acceptance in the IT system

      من
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      يُصدر
      Passar export declaration (HS 7108)
      إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

      الأساس القانوني: Customs Act (ZG, SR 631.0); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 25-29 (as cited in R-10-10)

      ملاحظة الباحث: R-10-10 (valid 1 Jan 2026) cites Art. 25-29 ZG and Art. 79-83 ZV for the declaration duty, says declarations are electronic in principle, and sets the 120-day limit from acceptance in the IT system. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28; the Customs Act and Ordinance texts themselves were not read. R-10-10 has no gold-specific rule.

    4. الجمارك

      Receive the export assessment notice (Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr), the evidence that the goods were properly cleared for export

      من
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

      الأساس القانوني: Customs Act (ZG); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 38 and 69; ZV Art. 92 (as cited in R-10-10)

      ملاحظة الباحث: R-10-10 cites Art. 38 and 69 ZG and Art. 92 ZV for the export assessment notice and says it is evidence of proper assessment and of export for VAT. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28.

    5. الضرائب

      Treat the sale as a VAT-exempt export (supply of goods directly transported abroad) and keep the export assessment notice as evidence

      من
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      نص القانونغير مسجَّل

      الأساس القانوني: Federal VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 23(2) no. 1

      ملاحظة الباحث: Art. 23(2) no. 1 read in the held MWSTG (Stand 1 Jan 2025, German wording current). Art. 23(3): direct export includes export into an open customs warehouse or a free port. Investment gold of at least 995 fineness is separately exempt with credit under Art. 23(2) no. 12 (see ch.tax-import-vat).

    6. النقل

      Hand the sealed consignment to a secure valuables carrier and fly it out (Zurich or Geneva) under an air waybill

      من
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      يُصدر
      Air waybill (outbound)
      غير مؤكَّدغير مسجَّل

      ملاحظة الباحث: Carrier practice. Cantonal licensing: in the Canton of Zurich "Sicherheitstransporte von Personen, Gütern und Wertsachen" require a licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page, read by WebFetch 2026-09-28; PolG text not read). Geneva and other cantons not checked. No Swiss source read describes the outbound air leg for gold.

    Supplier onboarding and customs import

    ينطبق عندما: country receives bars or doré

      Assay, pay, re-refine and stamp

      ينطبق عندما: country refines to LBMA Good Delivery

      1. الفحص

        Weigh-in, seal-check, drill/dip-sample, fire-assay (ASTM E1335/ISO 11426) the incoming 995 bar

        من
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        يتطلب
        Refining/re-refining agreement, Swiss refiner
        يُصدر
        Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Purchase book: customer, ID proof, acceptance date, description and marking, weight on acceptance, weight after melting, completion
        معيارغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: Fire assay standard practice

        ملاحظة الباحث: [unconfirmed] Weigh-in, seal check and ISO 11426 are not in the sources read; ASTM E1335-24 covers fire assay of bullion, and Valcambi describes fire assay of drillings from samples taken from the melt of the received material.

      2. الدفع

        Pay the Dubai counterparty for the imported bar once the Swiss refiner's own assay confirms fine content

        من
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        يتطلب
        Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
        يُصدر
        Final invoice from the Dubai seller (against Swiss outturn assay); Settlement wire, Swiss refiner -> Dubai counterparty
        مصدر ثانوي

        الأساس القانوني: Refining/sale contract; SWIFT MT103

        لا مصدر مسجَّل
      3. التكرير

        Wohlwill electrolytic re-refine to 999.9, or cast directly to LBMA Good Delivery 400oz spec (995 min) if already qualifying

        من
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        يتطلب
        Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
        معيارغير مسجَّلنص منسوخ

        الأساس القانوني: LBMA Good Delivery Rules (bar spec, marking)

        ملاحظة الباحث: [unconfirmed] Wohlwill electrolytic refining to 999.9 is industry practice not described in the Good Delivery Rules, which set only the bar specification (350-430 fine troy ounces, minimum fineness 995.0).

      4. التكرير

        Stamp each bar with the melting-licence holder's stamp (Stempelzeichen); bars for resale are assayed by a control office or sworn trade assayer and marked with fineness and the assayer's mark; for LBMA Good Delivery bars also serial number, fineness to four figures and year

        من
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        نص القانونغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: PMCA (EMKG, SR 941.31); BAZG R-247; LBMA Good Delivery Rules, EMKG Art. 31(1); R-247 s.3.4.1; LBMA GD Rules s.2.1.7

        ملاحظة الباحث: Serial number and year are LBMA requirements, not Swiss law. The earlier wording "registered responsibility mark" was wrong for bars (that mark, EMKG Art. 9, applies to finished wares). EMKV marking articles (Arts. 169, 173) were read only as restated by the BAZG (Vorschriften Dec 2023, held); the EMKV text is not yet held.

      5. الإبلاغ

        File annual LBMA RGG independent assurance report; and (if volume threshold met) CO 964j-l conflict-minerals public report

        من
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        يُصدر
        LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance annual assurance report; CO 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence public report
        معيارغير مسجَّلنص منسوخ

        الأساس القانوني: LBMA RGG v9; CO Art. 964j-964l

        ملاحظة الباحث: [time-limited] RGG v9 applies until RGG v10 takes effect: implementation 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, first v10 audits for the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027 (consultation closed 10 Jul 2026).

      التراخيص والتسجيلات

      • Licence to trade commercially in banking precious metals (makes the refiner an AMLA financial intermediary supervised by the Central Office)

        Central Office licence

        يحمله
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        تصدره
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control
        نص القانونغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: PMCA (SR 941.31); AMLA, PMCA Art. 42bis(1); AMLA Art. 2(2)(g), Art. 12 let. bter

        ملاحظة الباحث: [unconfirmed] Art. 42bis was inserted by the Financial Institutions Act of 15 June 2018 (AS 2018 5247, 2019 4631); the current wording is in force since 1 Jan 2023 (EMKG footnote 60). The date the original insertion took effect is not printed, so validFrom gives the current wording's date. Supervision: EMKG Art. 42ter(1) refers to GwG Art. 12 Bst. bter; GwG Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. g and Art. 12 Bst. bter read verbatim in the official fedlex GwG (Stand 1 Oct 2026) by WebFetch on 2026-09-28 (text not yet held).

      • Trade assayer licence (Handelsprüfer) - needed to import unmarked doré

        Licence; reportable material changes

        يحمله
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        تصدره
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control
        مدة الصلاحية
        ongoing
        إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: PMCA (SR 941.31), Art. 41 (trade assayer: federal assayer diploma, Swiss residence, good repute)

        ملاحظة الباحث: The licence and its conditions are EMKG Art. 41 (federal assayer diploma, residence in Switzerland, good repute). The rule that only trade assayers may import unmarked melt products is BAZG practice since 1 Jan 2020 (BAZG letter of 4 Dec 2019; R-247 s.3.4.2; BAZG Vorschriften Dec 2023 s.7), not in Art. 41 itself.

      • LBMA Good Delivery List membership

        Good Delivery List listing

        يحمله
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        تصدره
        LBMA
        مدة الصلاحية
        subject to proactive monitoring, referee assessment
        معيارغير مسجَّلنص منسوخ

        الأساس القانوني: LBMA Good Delivery List Rules (private industry standard, not Swiss law)

      • LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance compliance (mandatory for GD-listed refiners)

        Annual assurance report filed with LBMA

        يحمله
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        تصدره
        LBMA, independent assurance provider
        مدة الصلاحية
        annual independent assurance report
        معيارغير مسجَّلنص منسوخ

        الأساس القانوني: LBMA RGG v9 (v10 in consultation, June 2026)

        ملاحظة الباحث: [time-limited] RGG v9 applies from 1 Jan 2022 (full implementation by 31 Dec 2022) until RGG v10 takes effect: the v10 consultation ran 10 Jun-10 Jul 2026, implementation runs 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, and the first v10 audits cover the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027.

      • AMLA financial-intermediary status, full KYC programme

        Internal AML organisation, CDB 20 compliance

        يحمله
        Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
        تصدره
        FINMA
        مدة الصلاحية
        ongoing
        إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG, SR 955.0), Art. 2

        ملاحظة الباحث: [unconfirmed] AMLA Art. 2 and the 1998 in-force date are not in the source cited (SBA client information page, which names the AMLA only). GwG Art. 12 Bst. a (FINMA supervises intermediaries under Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a-dquater) was read verbatim in the official fedlex GwG Stand 1 Oct 2026 by WebFetch on 2026-09-28; Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a was not read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends many articles (Arts. 2, 4-6, 8a-8d, 9, 12, 14, 17, 18 and others); effects on bank duties not assessed.

      • FINMA banking licence

        Banking licence

        يحمله
        Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
        تصدره
        FINMA
        مدة الصلاحية
        ongoing
        غير مؤكَّد

        الأساس القانوني: Banking Act

        ملاحظة الباحث: [not-read] The Banking Act (SR 952.0) was not obtained or read; no source is cited. The earlier validFrom 1934-01-01 had no source and was removed.

        لا مصدر مسجَّل
      • CO Art. 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence duty (if volume threshold met)

        Public report, retained accessible >=10 years

        يحمله
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        تصدره
        Self-reporting, independent expert audit
        مدة الصلاحية
        annual
        نص القانونغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: Swiss Code of Obligations Arts. 964j-964l (as referenced in the DDTrO); Ordinance on Due Diligence and Transparency (DDTrO/VSoTr, SR 221.433), DDTrO Arts. 3-4 (check and exemption quantities), Arts. 10, 12, 14-16 (supply chain policy, traceability, reporting procedure, risk management, annual audit), Annex 1 (gold ex 7108: 100 kg/year)

        ملاحظة الباحث: Threshold read in the held DDTrO (English, Status 1 Jan 2022); the official German consolidation Stand 1 Jan 2024 keeps 100 kg/year for gold (checked 2026-09-28). [not-read] The Code of Obligations Arts. 964j-964l were not read; [unconfirmed] the report publication and 10-year retention come from CO Art. 964l, not read in this session.

      • Melter's stamp (Stempelzeichen / Schmelzerzeichen) deposited with the Central Office

        Stamp on every melt product; the die is deposited with the Central Office and the deposit published in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (EMKG Art. 31(1)); form: name of the holder with the word 'SCHMELZER' (BAZG)

        يحمله
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        تصدره
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control
        مدة الصلاحية
        Same duration as the melt licence (BAZG Vorschriften Dec 2023 s.4.1.2)
        نص القانونغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31); EMKV (SR 941.311), EMKG Art. 31(1); EMKV Art. 169 (as cited by BAZG)

        ملاحظة الباحث: Corrected 2026-09-28: this credential was a "registered responsibility mark (Verantwortlichkeitsmarke)". Under the EMKG the responsibility mark (Arts. 9-12, registration for 20 years) is borne by precious-metal wares; melt products (bars) carry the melter's stamp (Art. 31). EMKV Art. 169 was read only as cited by the BAZG; the EMKV text is not yet held.

      • Melter's licence (Schmelzbewilligung)

        Melt licence; grant and withdrawal published in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (EMKG Art. 26(3))

        يحمله
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        تصدره
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control (BAZG)
        مدة الصلاحية
        Four years, renewable (EMKG Art. 26(1)); withdrawn if conditions lapse or duties are repeatedly breached (Art. 26(2))
        نص القانونغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG/PMCA, SR 941.31) of 20 June 1933, Art. 24 (licence), Art. 25 (conditions), Art. 26(1) (granted for four years, renewable)

        ملاحظة الباحث: validFrom is the in-force date of the EMKG (1 July 1934); Art. 24 has its current wording since 1 June 2008 (EMKG footnote 38).

      • Licence to operate a free port (or open customs warehouse)

        BAZG licence (may carry conditions)

        يحمله
        Bonded warehouse / freeport operator (Geneva/Embrach)
        تصدره
        Federal Office for Customs and Border Security (BAZG)
        مدة الصلاحية
        Licence issued for 10 years (BAZG free-port directive); the directive also sets fees for the first issue and for renewal (see note)
        نص القانون

        الأساس القانوني: Swiss Customs Act (ZG) (articles in refs)

        ملاحظة الباحث: The official fedlex consolidation of the ZG is now held and read: a licence of the BAZG is needed to operate a free port and to operate an open customs warehouse, and it may carry conditions. The licence term is read in the BAZG free-port directive (official guidance). The same directive sets a fee for the first issue and a lower fee for renewal, written in francs as Fr.; the verifier does not read Fr. as CHF and part of the fee table is not matched in the held text, so the fee figures are not stated here and must be read in the directive. [time-limited] The BAZG-VG (adopted, not yet in force; date not set) makes free ports one kind of customs warehouse licensed by the BAZG and will replace these provisions when in force.

        لا مصدر مسجَّل

      الضرائب والرسوم

      • Customs duty on gold

        HS 7108

        المعدل
        0%
        إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل
      • Import VAT on gold

        Gold and gold alloys under MWSTG Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12: (a) state-minted gold coins of tariff nos. 7118.9010, 9705.3100, 9705.3900; (b) investment gold of at least 995 fineness as cast bars bearing the fineness and the stamp of a recognised assayer-melter, or stamped plates; (c) granules of at least 995 packed and sealed by a recognised assayer-melter; (d) gold in raw form or semi-finished for refining or recovery, and gold waste and scrap; (e) alloys under (d) with 2% or more gold

        المعدل
        Exempt
        نص القانونغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 53(1)(m) (import) with Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12

      الضوابط

      • A dealer who accepts cash above the threshold in a trade in gold must identify the contracting party, establish the beneficial owner and keep records; instalments that together exceed the threshold count. For precious metals and precious stones the threshold is lower than for other goods.

        النوع
        مكافحة غسل الأموال
        لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل
        لا مصدر مسجَّل
      • Commercial production of melt products (bars, plates, rods, granules made by melting precious metal or melt material) requires a melt licence; acting without it is punishable by a fine (EMKG Art. 48). Every melt product must bear the licence holder's stamp; melt products for resale must be assayed by a control office or a trade assayer and marked with the fineness and the assayer's stamp; putting melt products on the market without fineness or melter/assayer mark is an offence (Art. 47).

        النوع
        أخرى
        سارٍ من
        1934-07-01
        نص القانونغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31), Arts. 1(2), 24, 31(1), 32-33, 47, 48

      • Holders of a melter licence may accept melt material only from persons who can prove lawful acquisition, and must verify the customer's identity by a probative document such as a passport or identity card. Where origin is doubtful or the offer comes from unknown persons, origin must be clarified with particular care, and the goods kept unaltered until the case is clarified. They must take organisational measures against melting material of unlawful origin, keep a purchase book of melt material and melt products, and keep the business documents for the period the EMKV sets (zehn Jahren). Articles in refs.

        النوع
        العناية الواجبة في مناطق النزاع
        نص القانون

        الأساس القانوني: PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs)

        ملاحظة الباحث: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the EMKV held on the server; the same duties are restated in the BAZG documentation on melting and assaying and in the BAZG melter due-diligence directive (official guidance). In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.

        لا مصدر مسجَّل
      • Purchase, import, transit and transport of gold (Annex 26) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 Aug 2022, and of gold processed from it in third countries, are prohibited, as are related services (all kinds, including financial services, brokerage and technical assistance) and the granting of financial resources. Gold-containing products (Annex 27) exported from Russia to Switzerland after 4 Aug 2022 are covered too.

        النوع
        العقوبات
        سارٍ من
        2022-08-04
        نص القانونغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d

        ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 re-read in the held unofficial English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024); dates and verbs confirmed. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is Stand 21 Sep 2026 (about ninety consolidations since March 2024); Art. 14d there was not read (fetch tool truncates), so amendments after March 2024 are not ruled out. Official text listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv.

      • Precious metals are 'sensitive goods' in free ports (Customs Ordinance Annex 2, as amended on 18 November 2015): the declarant must declare them electronically on entry into storage, and an electronic inventory record of them is kept per depositor and submitted by the warehouse keeper to customs on request.

        النوع
        أخرى
        نص القانون

        الأساس القانوني: Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs)

        ملاحظة الباحث: The Annex 2 entry for pearls, diamonds, precious stones, precious metals and precious-metal plating and articles thereof (ex tariff chapter 71) is read in the amending act of 18 November 2015 (held), in force 1 January 2016. [unconfirmed] The current consolidated Customs Ordinance is not held on the server, so later amendments to Annex 2 or to the free-port articles are not ruled out. [unconfirmed] Whether the same rules apply in open customs warehouses: the articles read speak only of free ports. The BAZG free-port directive adds that export goods count as sensitive goods.

        لا مصدر مسجَّل
      • Banks identify the contracting party and beneficial owner for precious-metals trading and for cash transactions over CHF 15,000 (CDB 20; Form A, Form K).

        النوع
        مكافحة غسل الأموال
        الحد
        CHF 15,000 cash
        معيارغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: CDB 20 (SBA), CDB Art. 4(2)(f)-(g), 7, 20-21, 27-28

      • A dealer who accepts cash above the threshold in a trade in goods must identify the contracting party, establish the beneficial owner and keep records; instalments that together exceed the threshold count. Precious metals and precious stones have a lower threshold (commodity facts).

        النوع
        مكافحة غسل الأموال
        لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل
        لا مصدر مسجَّل
      • Melt material imported from abroad for sale in Switzerland needs a formal import declaration; simplified and oral declarations are excluded in principle. A buyer or licensee who accepts melt material that has not been through customs breaches due diligence under the PMCA: fine up to CHF 2,000 per case and possible licence withdrawal.

        النوع
        قيود الاستيراد
        إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

        الأساس القانوني: BAZG Merkblatt 'Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland' (Jan 2024)

      حيث تخالف الممارسة القانون

      ما تُظهر المصادر الموثوقة حدوثه دون أن ينص عليه القانون.

      • The Federal Council (2018) acknowledged that for large imports from the UAE the dispatch country is sometimes declared instead of the actual origin.

        إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

      ما لم نتمكن من الحصول عليه

      المستندات التي احتاجها البحث ولم يحصل عليها، وأين قد تكون، ولماذا.

      • Current consolidated Customs Ordinance Anhang 2 (sensitive goods) — the "ex 71 precious metals" entry was read only in the 2015 amending act.

        المستند الناقص
        Zollverordnung (ZV, SR 631.01), Stand 1 October 2024 (current fedlex consolidation)
        أين قد يكون
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2007/250/20241001/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2007-250-20241001-de-pdf-a.pdf
        سبب عدم الحصول عليه
        Identified 2026-09-28 on the fedlex linked-data endpoint; the fetch tool truncates the PDF/HTML at Art. 99-112e and the download run saved only a JavaScript shell. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv for download on the Mac host.
      • Official EMKV text (SR 941.311) for Arts. 164-178 (melt licence duties, purchase book, marking, recognition of foreign assays, bank precious metals).

        المستند الناقص
        Edelmetallkontrollverordnung (EMKV, SR 941.311), Stand 1 January 2024 (current fedlex consolidation)
        أين قد يكون
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/50/363_375_420/20240101/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-50-363_375_420-20240101-de-pdf-a.pdf
        سبب عدم الحصول عليه
        The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell; the fetch tool truncates the official text before Art. 168a. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
      • Official AMLA/GwG text (SR 955.0): current Stand 1 March 2024 and the consolidation Stand 1 October 2026 (wide amendments in force from 1 Oct 2026).

        المستند الناقص
        Geldwäschereigesetz (GwG, SR 955.0), Stand 1 March 2024 and Stand 1 October 2026
        أين قد يكون
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/1998/892_892_892/20261001/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-1998-892_892_892-20261001-de-pdf-a.pdf
        سبب عدم الحصول عليه
        The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell (the listed droit-bilingue page failed). Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
      • Licensing of secure-transport carriers (cantonal). Zurich: licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page read); the PolG text and the Geneva/Romandie rules (Concordat on private security companies) not read.

        المستند الناقص
        Polizeigesetz des Kantons Zürich (PolG), 9. Abschnitt; Geneva Concordat sur les entreprises de sécurité
        أين قد يكون
        https://www.zh.ch/de/wirtschaft-arbeit/gewerbe-betriebsbewilligungen/private-sicherheitsunternehmen.html ; https://www.lexfind.ch
        سبب عدم الحصول عليه
        Attempted 2026-09-28: the Zurich page was read (licence required for "Sicherheitstransporte ... Wertsachen"); the cantonal statute texts were not fetched in this session (cantonal law is outside the federal library built here).
        يؤثر في
        ch.st-49
      • Official current text of the Ukraine sanctions ordinance (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d and Annexes 26-27; only an unofficial English translation as at 22 Mar 2024 is held.

        المستند الناقص
        Verordnung über Massnahmen im Zusammenhang mit der Situation in der Ukraine, Stand 21 September 2026
        أين قد يكون
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2022/151/20260921/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2022-151-20260921-de-pdf-a-1.pdf
        سبب عدم الحصول عليه
        The fetch tool truncates the official PDF/HTML before Art. 14d. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
      • Official Customs Act text (ZG, SR 631.0) for Arts. 25-29, 38, 53-54, 62-66, 69 (declaration, assessment notice, customs warehouses, free ports).

        المستند الناقص
        Zollgesetz (ZG, SR 631.0), Stand 1 September 2023 (current fedlex consolidation)
        أين قد يكون
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2007/249/20230901/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2007-249-20230901-de-pdf-a-4.pdf
        سبب عدم الحصول عليه
        The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).

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      المصادر

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