Circular No. 28/2011/TT-BKHCN stipulating nuclear safety requirements for nuclear power plant sites

Article 2. Subjects of application TilE MINISTRIES This Circular applies to investors and nlE MINISTRY or SC/ENC/:" ANTl agencies and organizations involved in the TECIINOLOGY survey, evaluation, appraisal and approval of NPP sites. and lo related consuliancy orgam za110 Jl S. Circular No. 28f201lfTT~BKHCN of October 28. 2011. stipulating nuclear Article 3. Interpretation of terms safety requirements for nuclear power In this Circular, the terms below aTC plant sites construed as follows: Pursuant to the June 3,2008 Law on Atomic I. Design basis means a range ~f naturally Energy: occurring or artificiul conditions, processes and factors, which are taken explicitly into account Pursuant to the Government's Decree No. in the design of a nuclear power plaw", such that 70120/ OINo.cr uj June 22, 2010, detailing plant can withstand them without.exceeding and guiding a number ofarticles of/he Law Oil authorized limits by designed operation of the Atomic Energv regarding nuclear power plants; safety system. Pu rsuant to the Go 1'(' rntnent \ Decree No. 2. Unfavorable condition means anaturally 28/2008/ND-CP 4 March 11, 2008, dc{iniuf; occurring or arti ficia I condi tion.l'>'rocess or thefunctions. tasks, powers and o tgan izational factor which is likely to cause an incident to an structure of the Ministry of Science and NPP. Technologv; 3. Active fault means a tectonic fracture The Minisler of'Science and [ecllJlOJoHY which is likely to cause surface orsubsurface stipulates nuclear safetv requirements for shear. nuclear power II!ml! sites «sjollows: 4. Karst means a range of geologic processes Chapter I an d phenomena laking place on ground surface (jENERAL PROVISlONS or underground principally due to the chemical dissolution of soluble soil and rock. forming Ar tlcle L. Scope of rc gu lation cavcrns and destructing and deforming the soil a nd roc k structure and s tale, ground water This Circular stipulates nuclear safety mechanism. topographic fe ature s and requirements, survey and evaluation of nuclcur 6 OFFICIAL GAlE 11 E Issue noS 11·12!October 2011 (Gong Beo nos 595·596lNovember 22,2011) hydrological network mechanism. bl Features of the site and environment related to the dispersion of radioactivity from S. Design hasis incident means a naturally the NPP which is hazardous to humans and the occurring or artificial condition, process or environment; factor which is likely to cause all incident cl Population density and distrihution and postulated in u design. regi onal characteristics rei atcd to the execution of incident response measures. Chapter 2 3. In case the evaluation under Clause 2 of GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ON this Article shows that a site has any of the Nlf~I"FAR SAFETY OF NPP SITES fa llowing characteristic s, such site shall be disapproved: Artidt4. Principles for site evaluation ill Having an active fault; 1. A ~ is evaluated to be suitable to the '''..!l'I--, building pf a NPP if satisfying all the following bl Being possibly subject to ground vibration caused by an earthquake with a peak ground conditions: acceleration (PG A) of a val uc of at least 360 a/ Bci~ capable of assuring safety for the crn/s', with a repetitive cycle of 10,000 years: NPP iol'tonnal operation conditions as well as cl Having a developing karst or a karst upon the-eecurrence of a design basis incident; creating J. ground surface crater of a d iauretc r bl Being capable of preventi ng humans and of over 20 m. the environment from being hazardously 4. In case tile evaluation under Clause 2 of affected b)' radiation from the NPP in norma! this Article shows that a site has, in addition to operation conditions as well as upon the the characteristics specified in Clause 3 of this occurrence of a design basis incident; Article, other unfavorable conditions which c/ Mitigating hazards to humans and the cannot be remedied with design measures, environment upon the occurrence of an accident safeguards or administrative regulations, such exceedingthe design basis level (he low referred site shall be disapproved. to as beyond design basis accident).

Article 5. Site survey and study 2. Upon site evaluation, the following factors and characteristics must be adequately surveyed 1. The survey and study of features of a site and studied: and related factors and the identification of their hazards shall be conducted under the following at Naturally OCCUITlTlg and artificial factors provi sions: which might cause offsite impacts on the safety of the NPP; al To survey and study ff':ltIJn~" of the site . .e INA" LAW &LEGAL FO UM : OfTICIAL GAZETTE 7 -----_._--- which might impact the safety of the NPP, the site of the NPP concerned may he used: including earthquake, surface fault, volcano, g/When surveying and studying the features hydrological conditions, fiood and inundation, specified at Point a of this Clause, to choose tsunami, geo-technical conditions and factors parameters and parameter values appropriate to caused by human activities, and cooling water the identification of the severity of hazards for and power supply sources for the NPP; designing the NPP: b/ To collect prehistoric and historic data and 11/ To prove [hat the area surxe,yed and recorded measurement data on times of studied for identification of the s~Ycrity of occurrence and severity of natural phenomena hazards of natura l1y occurring :lM'Hrtificial and events significant to the safety evaluation factors is large enough for emb.ttcing all of the site. In seismic, meteorological and features significant for the identi fication of the hydrological fields, there must be recorded severity of hazards of phenomena ~~d events measurement data of the last five years up to and appropriate to used specific methods. thp date of filing a dossier of request for site 2. When survey and study are conducted for approval, including data of at least 12 months selecting and evaluating a sitc,,: Vietnam which are continuously recorded and reliable, standards must be applied. For fiel%..in which accurate and complete; Vietnam standards are unavailable, ntJufficicnt c/ To forecast the change of features which or i nr.ons i ste.nt , foreign stand:lrc,fs~Jnay be might impact the safety of the NPP for a period applied if permi ned by competent agencies. at least equal to the projected lifetime of the NPP; 3. Survey and study activities and results shall be recorded in files for archive and dJ To survey and study the frequency and submission to competent state agencies when identify the severity uf hazards uf natuarally requesting approval of an NPP site. occurring and artificial factors which might impact the safety of the NPP;

Article 6. Impacts of NPPs e/To use appropriate methods to identify the severity of hazards of naturally occurring and I. To survey and study environmental factors artificial factors which might impact the safety which impact the dispersion of radioactivity of the NPP. Used methods must be modem and from an NPP, covering radioactivity dispersion proven as appropriate to the features of the in the atmosphere, surface water and surveyed and evaluated site; groundwater. The area of the surveyed and studied site depends on f hi': radioactivity f/To use site-specific data in identifying the dispersion in case of normal operation of the severity of hazards. In case it is impossible to NPP as well as in case of an incident, collect s i te-spcci fie data, data on another site with features proven as equivalent to those of 2. To identify the possibility of radioactive 8 Issue nos 11-12/Qc-tolJer 2011 (Gong BilO nos S9S-S96/November 22. 2011) impacts on humans and the environment based an NPP site based on results of the studv and on the basic design ami radioactive fallout evaluation specified ill Clause I of thi~ Article dispersed in case of normal operation of the and features related to the implementation or NPP as well as in case of an incident to he this plan, assuring that the irradiation dose rt>spnnded caused hy the plant on the pub lie docs not exceed the limit prescribed by Jaw. 3. To identify and evaluate the routes of direct und indirect dispersion of rudiouc ti vity

Article 8. Observation for safety assurance from the NPP and the area in which humans and the environment might be affected. The The observation of factors and features of a identification and evaluation shall be conducted site related to the assurance of safety for an NPP, on the basis of features of the site. pay ing humans and the environment shall be conducted attenti on to those of the hi osphere related to the throughout the lifetime of the plant, and covers accumulation and transportation of radioactive also the observation of population growth and cores. disuibution. 4. To evaluate the site in relation with the

Article 9. Assurance of qua Ii ty and basic design of the NPP. The evaluation must examination and inspection of survey, stud y and generate-sufficient grounds for making a data collection conclusioo that the irradi ution dose caused by the plant-on radi arion staff and the public is 1. When conducting survey, study and data limited aUhe lowest reasonably obtainable level collection for site evaluation, investors and within th,e limit prescribed by law. related agencies and organizations shall: a/ For mu la rc and implement quality

Article 7. Population features and incident assurance programs. paying special attention to response plans activities which might impact the safety and the 1. To study and evaluate population features i denti fication of parameters to serve as the and distribution at present and in the future in desi gn bas is; the area, ,I.i.h:ly to be affected by radioactivity bl Send plans on conduct of survey. study dispersed from an NPP. The srudy and and data collection related to nuclear safety .evaluation must cover the evaluation of use of requirements for NPP sites to the radiation and soil and water and lie within the relation wuh nuclear safety authority. peculiar features related to the level of dispersed 2. The rud iariun and nuclear safety uullluJ i ty radioactivity hazardous to humans. shall examine and inspect surveys, studies and 2. To study and evaluate the capability to collect: on of documents related to nuclear safely establish In incident response areasurrounding requirements for NPP sites under law. Issue nos 11·1Z/OctoberZ011 e't il!. lr~, {;AZf~ ~f 9 (Gong BaG nos 595-596/November 22, 2011) Chapter 3 To evaluate the possibility of floods or inundation in NPP sites as follows: SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF NATURAL CONDITiONS AND HUMAK 1. To identi fy causes of floods or inundation ACTIV ITiES RELATED TO NPP SITES attributable to one or several natural phenomena, including heavy rains, flood tide,

Article 10. Earthquakes, surface faults and tidal wave, sea wave, flood and other volcanoes phenomena. In case a flood or i nundation is likely to occur and impact the safety of an NPP, 1. To evaluate the severity of hazards of necessary meteorological and hydrological data, ground vibrations caused by earthquakes to including also historic data, must be collected. sites, taking into account seismic-tectonic observed and analyzed. For historic data, to characteristics and special conditions of the consider their relevance and reliability for the ground. To analyze the reliability of evaluation site evaluation. resul ts. 2. To analyze data relevant to the structure 2. To study and evaluate evidence of active of the upstream water source-regulating system, faults and activity ofvolcanocs and the severity which possibly coruributes [0 causing a flood. of their hazards to the safety of NPPs. The evaluation must involve survey and study 3. To build appropriate meteorological and methods and jobs detailed enough for making hydrological models, taking into account reasonable decisions. limitations on the accuracy and volume of data and duration of data collection, and post changes

Article 11. Meteorology of relevant features of the area. I. To survey and study meteorological

Article 13. Tsunamis parameters and extreme meteorological phenomena. including lightning. tornado. I. To generally evaluate related areas for typhoon and other meteorological phenomena determining the possibility of occurrence of in localities, which might impact the safety of tsunamis impacting the safety of NPPs. In case NPPs. of possibility of a tsunami to occur and impact the safety of an NPP, to collect, record, measure 2. Survey and study results must be adequate and analyze ncces sa ry seismic and seisruio- and suitable to purposes of designing NPPs, tectonic data, i ncl udi ng al so preh istoric and covering also the probability of occurrence of historic data. For prehistoric and historic data, extreme meteorological phenomena with to consider their relevance and reliability for parameters exceedi ng design parameters. the site evaluation.

Article 12. Floods and inundation 2. Based on collected data and comparison 10 orr 'CIAl GAZE r : l. Issue nos 11-12/0ctober 2011 (Gong BtlO nos 595-596!November 22 2011) of evaluated areas with other areas with similar chemical properties of groundwater. To identify features ill which tsunami has been adequately and describe soil and roek layers at sites in forms studied, to evaluate the frequency of occurrence, appropriate to design pUql0SCS. To cval uatc tile destructive power and height of tsunamis for stabi Iity of founduti ons under impacts of static identifyi nu the se vcritv of their hazards, taking and seismic loads. into account coast churucteri sties which

Article 15. Factors caused by human magnify these hazards. activities 3. To build appropriate tsunami Impact I. To evaluate the possibility of aircraft models, taking into account limitations on the crashes at NPP sites and the severity of their accuracy and volume of data and duration of hazards, taking into account the frequency of data collection, and evaluate possible impacts flights and characteristics of present and future on the safety of NPPs in different scenarios. aircraft. In case an aircraft crash is possible at a si rc, to identify the severity of its hazards to the

Article 14. Geo-t echnica l factors NPP. 1. To evaluate the possibility of slope 2. To identify activities in areas related to instability and so il and rock erosion affecting the disposal, storing and transportation of the safety of NPPs. In case slope instability is chemicals which arc likely to cause a violent possible, to identify the severity of its hazards, outburst or generate Ilammable or explosive usi ng parameters and values of the pee uliar gases. To identify the severity of hazards caused ground vibration of areas. by chemical explosron, including also impacts 2. To eval uate the possibi lity of surface caused by pressure or toxicity, taking into uplift, collapse or subsidence of sites caused by account the distance to the site. naturally occurring or artificial factors such as cavern, karst formation, mini ng pit, water or oi I Article 16. Cooling water and power supply well, bused on appropriate geologic lllaps and sources fUI NPPs data. 1. To evaluate site parameters relating to the 3. To evaluate the possibi lity of liqucfaction supply 01 coolmg water tor NPPs. including: of the ground at sites based on ground vi brati on aJ Air temperature and humidity; parameters and values. To usc appropriate soi I bl Water temperature; and rock survey and analysis methods to cl Water sources with data on flow currents, identify the severity of hazards of ground the lowest water reserve. time periods during liquefaction to NPPs. which water is retained at the lowest water -l , To survey and study geo-technical reserve. taking into account the possible dumage characteristics of the ground. regime and of the water-regulating structure. Lssue no!; 11-12fOctober 2011 nne ~:.~jA'_ ':;A1f lT, 11 (Gong B{w nos 595-596iNovember 22.2011) :2. To iden ti fy the reason for reduction or observation data, rnctcorol ogical data currently change of characteristics of cooling: water available ill other sources must be collected. sources supplied to NPP:; caused by natural or 3. To evaluate the radioactivity dispersion human activities such as change or blocking of in the atmosphere based on collected data and rivcr cu rrents, drai ning of reservoirs, generation appropnute dispersion models. A drspcrsron of an extremely large volume of sediments or model must take into account topographical marine organisms, oil spill or fire. characteristics of the si tc and related areas 3. To identify power sources supplied for which affect the radioacti vity dispersion in the structures. systems and components important atmosphere and characteristics of NPPs shown to the safety of NPPs. in the basic design. Chapter ·1 Ar ricle 18. Radroacuvity dispersion in SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF surface water POSSIBILITY OF DISPERSION OF 1. To survey and study characteristics of RADIOACTIVITY FROM NPPs WHICH surface water in areas related to the possibility CAN IMPACT THE PUBLIC of radioactivity dispersion in surface water, including natural and artificial water sources.

Article 17. Radioactivity dispersion in the main structures used for controlling water atmosphere sources, positions for install ing water-i ntaking 1. To survey and study meteorological and structures and usc of surface water sources in related factors, including topographical and these areas. such basic meteorological phenomena and 2. To implement programs on survey and parameters as heavy rainfall, humidity, wind study of surface water for identifying the speed and direction and air temperature, dilution and dispersion of water sources, stubi I ity and di sturbance. po s s ib i lity of sediments and orgatlisms to 2. To implement programs on meteorological accumulate, mechanism of transmission of ohxr rvat irm at sires and related areas to serve radioactive cores in the hydrosphere and routes the evaluation of radioactivity dispersion in the of radiation exposure. atmosphere. To usc observation equipment 3. To evaluate the pnssihilily of radioactively capable of recording and measuring contaminated surface water to affect the meteorological parameters at appropriate population based on collected data and heights a nd pusitions. The location of appropriate dispersion models. observation areas and installation of observation equ ipmcnt depend on topographical and Article 19. Radioactivity d is per sinn 1Il l11etcorologica\ characteristics. In addi: ion tu groundwater 12 dFf ICIAL ;:.,Alf 1 I r.: Issue nos 11-12/0ctober 2011 (Gong Baa nos 595-596/November 22.2011) 1. To survey and study character ixtics of iucludiuj; a IlLajuJ accide nt, taking into account groundwater in areas relating to the possibil ity typical parameters of the site. of radioactivity dispersion in groundwater, 2. To evaluate the radiation background In including characteristics of water sources, their the atmosphere. hydrosphere. Iithospherc and interaction with surface water and the lise of biota in the areas for use as :.l basis for groundwater in these areas. identifying radiation impacts of the NPPs in the 2. To implement programs on survey, study future. and analysis of properties of groundwater to

Article 21. Limits of irradiation dose on the evaluate the mechanism of transmission of public radioactive cores. These programs must cover the survey and study of characteristics of soil A selected site must ensure that: and water, physical and physico-chemical I. in case of normal operation at the NPP, the properties of materials in soil relating to the irradiationdose caused by the plant on the public mechanism of accumulation and transmission does not exceed the 1imit prescribed by law. of radioactive cores in groundwater and routes 2. In case of an incident, the incident of radiation exposure. response plan cun be executed to keep the 3. To evaluate the possibility of radioactively irradiation dose caused by the plant on the contaminated groundwater to affect the public below the limit prescribed hy law. population based on collected data and appropriate dispersion models. Chapter 5 IMPLEMENTATION PROViSIONS

Article 20. Population distribution and radiati on background Article 22. Effect 1. To identify data on population distribution I. This Circular takes effect on December based on the latest census and extrapolation so 15,2011. as to acquire present and future data on areas in 2. Any problems arising in the course of which inhabitants might be affected by implementation should be promptly reported by radioactivity dispersion. If reliable data arc agencies, organizations and individuals to the insufficient, additional survey and study shall Ministry of Science and Technology for consi- be conducted, Data shall be analyzed to idcnuty deration, amendment and supplementation.- the population distribution in different directions and at different distances to NPPs. For the Minister o{ To evaluate the possibility of radioactivity to Science and Technology affect tile popul arion ill norma I radioacti ve Deputy Minister emission conditions and in case ofan incident. LE DlNH TIEN