Zero Hunger Challenge: National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste

Support was provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UNFAO) in the preparation and printing of this document. Zero Hunger Challenge National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste National Council for Food Security, Sovereignty and Nutrition in Timor-Leste (KONSSANTIL) Dili, 2014 i FOREWORD The development of Planu Asaun Nasional – Hakotu Hamlaha no Malnutrisaun iha Timor-Leste (PAN– HAM–TIL) marks a special occasion in the socio-economic development of Timor-Leste. PAN–HAM–TIL is a collective undertaking of the people and Government of Timor-Leste, together with our development partners, to fight and vanquish the scourge of hunger and malnutrition from our country. It is based on the clear and globally and nationally held vision that it is possible, within a time span of some ten years, to bring hunger and malnutrition to an end. The major tools for doing this are embodied in a concerted effort of well-orchestrated programmes that have clear directions and committed allocation of resources to steer the nation and the world towards the vision. The signing in October 2010 of the Comoro Declaration by the Ministries working under the framework of the National Council for Food Security, Sovereignty and Nutrition in Timor-Leste (KOSSANTIL) was a significant milestone in cementing the national commitment to the vision for a hunger and malnutrition free Timor-Leste. In 2012, the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General launched the global Zero Hunger Challenge. This was followed in 2013 by the launching of the Asia- Pacific region’s Zero Hunger Challenge and the development of the Zero Hunger Challenge Guiding Framework formulated by the UN Regional Thematic Working Group on Poverty and Hunger in Asia and the Pacific under the UN Regional Coordination Mechanism (RCM). Coordinated strongly by the President and Vice-President of KONSSANTIL and the UN Resident Coordinator (UNRC) in Timor-Leste with technical assistance from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN, this was further translated into country-level actions under my co-leadership with the UN Secretary-General's Special Adviser for Timor-Leste. Based on the firm national, regional and global commitment to eradicate hunger and malnutrition, the preparation of PAN–HAM–TIL commenced in January 2014 soon after I launched the Zero Hunger Challenge at the National Parliament under the auspices of KOSSANTIL. PAN–HAM–TIL has been developed with the full involvement of the community of national, regional and international stakeholders at each stage, using open as well as focused group discussions, reviews and planning exercises in workshops and other formal and informal media. The information and knowledge from these interactions have been supported by background research to ensure that proposed actions respond to the local needs and context. This work has built a solid understanding of the existing conditions, current issues and possibilities in our national context. Thus it has been possible to ensure that a broad cross-section of the stakeholder community understands the local strengths and issues that have been used to guide the proposed vision, outcomes, outputs and areas of action of PAN–HAM–TIL. I have the greatest confidence that PAN–HAM–TIL reflects the interests of ii the Timorese people and their development partners and that there is a broad spectrum of awareness about the goals of the plan. The PAN–HAM–TIL document is comprised of three Sections. Section 1 provides a global, regional and national overview of the hunger and malnutrition challenge in the country and the respective responses to the challenge. Section 2 presents the key elements of the Action Plan. Section 3 outlines PAN–HAM–TIL’s coordination, organizational, resource mobilization and allocation, implementation, reporting, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks and mechanisms. The efficient and effective implementation of PAN–HAM–TIL represents a significant challenge ahead for all stakeholders. Therefore, I as the Chair of the High-level Advisory Committee of the National Zero Hunger Challenge encourage everyone to build synergies and greater collaboration to achieve the pillars, outcomes and outputs. I believe that this increasing coordination is a very important driver in achieving Timor-Leste’s food and nutrition security. On behalf of the Government and the people of Timor-Leste, I would like to express my gratitude to the UN System, especially UN Secretary-General's Special Adviser for Timor-Leste, UNRC, members of the UN Country Team, and the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific for their strong support and partnership in formulating PAN–HAM–TIL. I wish to reiterate our commitment to carry forward the immediate, urgent, decisive and integrated approach and action that are required to bring to an end the existing debilitating conditions with regard to hunger and malnutrition in our country in particular and in the Asia-Pacific region and the world in general. iii MESSAGES From the Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste To eradicate hunger and extreme poverty is very important. Sustainable development and increasing inclusiveness should not result in an empty stomach. Partido CNRT The voice of the people is very important for the economic, social and political development of the country; there should be a channel for this voice. Partido Frenti Mudansa The experience of Thailand in eradicating hunger, malnutrition and poverty stands as an example and inspiration for us to undertake all necessary efforts to become a modern-day developed society. Partido Democratico There are plenty of challenges, but our primary agenda should be to eliminate poverty, malnutrition and hunger. We will support the Zero Hunger Campaign programme to work together with the government and other institutions. Partido Fretilin ---------------------------------------------------------- From KONSSANTIL Food and nutrition security are fundamental for better development of the country. We should exert our efforts of increasing our collaboration through KONSSANTIL to increase household food availability, food access, food stability and increase nutritious food utilization. We should pay great attention to children, women and families living in poverty as primary targets of our food and nutrition interventions. H.E. Engr. Mariano Assanami Sabino Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries/President of KONSSANTIL The Zero Hunger programme is of high importance for the Ministry of Health, by providing a favorable panorama in combating malnutrition and poverty alleviation for its multi-sector dimension associated with the socio-economic determinants of the health of Timorese. There is much work ahead and surely, that with effort and dedication of all will contribute to improve the physical well-being, social and mental health of new generations! H.E. Dr. Sergio Lobo Minister for Health /Vice President of KONSSANTIL ---------------------------------------------------------- iv From the United Nations Hunger is an unforgivable development failure. It is the single greatest obstacle to creating the inclusive, sustainable, and resilient future we want for all the people of Asia and the Pacific. I am pleased that Timor- Leste is taking the lead in our region to make hunger history Dr. Noeleen Heyzer Special Adviser of the United Nations Secretary General for Timor-Leste We are proud of Timor-Leste as the first country in Asia and the Pacific that launched the Zero Hunger Challenge and is moving forward for concrete steps. Persistence of food and nutrition insecurity in Timor-Leste is not acceptable where there is enough potential to achieve food for all. We must become the first generation in history to end hunger. Mr. Hiroyuki Konuma Assistant Director-General/Regional Representative, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific The UN system in Timor-Leste recognizes the urgent needs presented by the food security and nutrition situation in the country. It also recognizes the progress made by the Government to combat poverty and malnutrition, and vows to support the continued efforts of the Government and the KONSSANTIL in their commitment to ensure that every man, woman and child enjoy their right to adequate food security and nutrition through the Zero Hunger Challenge National Action Plan. The UN system looks forward to working in coordination with the Government and other development partners to implement interventions and policies, which address immediate and underlying causes of food insecurity and malnutrition, especially among women, children and the poorest Timorese communities. United Nations Country Team and Mr. Knut Ostby, United Nations Resident Coordinator in Timor-Leste ---------------------------------------------------------- From Development Partners and the International Community The Government of Australia commends the Government of Timor-Leste on its Zero Hunger Challenge. This Action Plan represents a coordinated approach to addressing the important issue of nutrition in Timor-Leste. We will continue to work closely with Timor-Leste to achieve our common targets in the action plan. The Government of Australia The Government of Brazil congratulates the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste for its Zero Hunger Challenge initiative and looks forward to sharing our country’s experience in promoting the Human Right to Adequate Food with the Government and people of Timor-Leste. The Government of Brazil The Delegation of the European Union (EU), France, Germany and Portugal wish to commend the Government for giving top priority to food security and nutrition within the context of the Timor-Leste Strategic Development Plan and the Zero Hunger Challenge. The EU and its Member States look forward to see these policy commitments accompanied by increased allocations to these sectors in the Government budget, as well as a strengthening of the sector strategic frameworks, monitoring and evaluation, and coordination with development partners. We would also like to acknowledge the crucial role of Government officials at district level in the implementation of this plan. A lot has already been achieved in rural areas to improve food security and combat malnutrition and the people of Timor-Leste can count on the EU and its Member States' continued support in these sectors. Delegation of the European Union, France, Germany and Portugal v The USAID/Timor-Leste Mission expresses its gratitude to H.E. Mariano Assanami Sabino, Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) and the Minister of Health (MoH), Mr. Sergio Lama Lobo, for the opportunity to participate in development of the National Action Plan for the Zero Hunger Challenge. USAID is committed to ending hunger and extreme poverty and looks forward to partnering with MAF and MoH to achieve these goals. USDA Timor-Leste Mission ---------------------------------------------------------- From Civil Society On behalf of all members of Hasatil (Hametin Agrikultura Sustentavel Timor Lorosa’e) Network, we would like to acknowledge the dedicated work of KONSSANTIL in the preparation of this Action Plan for the Zero Hunger Challenge in Timor-Leste. We are reassured by the work that has been undertaken and are very confident that KONSSANTIL will continue to strengthen the coordination and cooperation mechanisms among all players as they continue in their efforts to eliminate hunger in our beloved country. In this way, all of us will be able to enjoy not only a greater measure of assured food and nutrition but also strengthened national sovereignty, and we will be more able to take on greater responsibilities for the future of our nation. Long live the Farmers of Timor-Leste!!!!! Hametin Agrikultura Sustentavel Timor Lorosa’e vi CONTENTS FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................................................. i MESSAGES .............................................................................................................................................................. iii CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. vi ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................... vii SECTION 1 OVERVIEW OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION ............................. 1 1.1 FOOD INSECURITY, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION CHALLENGE – GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 FOOD INSECURITY, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION CHALLENGE – NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ....................... 2 1.3 LAUNCH OF THE ZERO HUNGER CHALLENGE BY THE UNITED NATIONS AT GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS ................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.4 GOVERNMENT OF TIMOR-LESTE RESPONSE – WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE .................................................. 4 1.5 PROCESS AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM OF FORMULATION OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 SECTION 2 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE ACTION PLAN ................................................................................................... 7 2.1 OVERALL GOAL OF THE ACTION PLAN .......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 PRIORITY AREAS OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN – FIVE PILLARS .............................................................. 8 PILLAR 1 – 100% EQUITABLE ACCESS TO ADEQUATE NUTRITIOUS AND AFFORDABLE FOOD ALL YEAR ROUND ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 PILLAR 2 – ZERO STUNTED CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE ............................................................. 10 PILLAR 3 – ALL FOOD SYSTEMS ARE SUSTAINABLE ....................................................................................... 12 PILLAR 4 – 100% INCREASE IN SMALLHOLDER PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME .............................................. 14 PILLAR 5 – ZERO LOSS OR WASTE OF FOOD .................................................................................................. 15 2.3 IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND COSTS .................................................................. 16 SECTION 3 COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM ..................................................................... 18 3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES ................................................................................................................. 18 3.2 RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.3 IMPLEMENTATION TIMEFRAME ................................................................................................................. 22 3.4 REPORTING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................................................................... 26 ANNEX 1 - MATRIX OF OUTCOME, OUTPUT AND ACTIVITY LOG FRAMES ........................................................... 28 ANNEX 2 - LIST OF INSTITUTIONS/AGENCIES INVOLVED IN FORMULATION OF PAN–HAM–TIL……………………….44 vii ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS ABC Agencia Brazileira da Cooperação ACDI-VOCA Agricultural Cooperative Development International and Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research ACDC Agriculture Community Development Centres ADB Asian Development Bank AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ALGIS Agriculture and Land Use Geographic Information System ANC Ante Natal Care ARI Acute Respiratory Infection ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations AusAID Australian Agency for International Development BESIK Bee, Saneamentu no Igiene iha Komunidade BF Breast Feeding BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative BMI Body Mass Index BMS Breast Milk Substitute BNCTL Banco Nacional de Comercio Timor-Leste CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CBO Community-Based Organisation CCM Country Coordination Mechanism CED Chronic Energy Deficiency CHC Community Health Centers CI Conservation International CMAM Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition CNRT Congresso Nacional de Reconstrucão de Timor-Leste CPLP Comunidade de Paises de Lingua Portuguesa CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CRS Catholic Relief Services CSO Civil Society Organisation CU5 Children Under 5 CVTL Cruz Vermelha Timor-Leste DAI Development Alternatives, Inc. DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade DHS Demographic Health Survey DNCQA Direção Nacional de Controle e Qualidade da Água DNMG Direção Nacional Meteorologia e Geofisica DNSB Direção Nacional Saneamento Básico DNPC Directorate National Procurement Commission DRMP Disaster Risk Management Policy DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DWCP Decent Work Country Program EC European Commission EPI Expanded Program on Immunisation EVTF Employment and Vocational Training Fund FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FCS Food Consumption Score FGD Focus Group Discussions FNSP Food and Nutrition Security Policy viii FBDG Food Based Dietary Guidelines FSC Food Supply Chain GAP Good Agricultural Practices GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GHI Global Hunger Index GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GoTL Government of Timor-Leste HAM-TIL HAZ Hamlaha no Malnutrisaun iha Timor-Leste Height-for-Age Z scores HASATIL Hametin Agrikultura Sustentavel Timor Lorosa’e HDR Human Development Report HIAM Hamutuk Ita Ajuda Malu HINI High Impact Nutrition Intervention HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIVOS International Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries HMIS Health Management Information Systems IAHO International Animal Health Organisation ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICT Information and Communication Technology IDA Iron Deficiency Anaemia IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development ILO International Labour Organisation IMCI Integrated Management Childhood Illnesses IMR Infant Mortality Rate IMVF Instituto Marqês de Valle Flôr INS Instituto Nacional de Saude IPC International Policy Centre IPPC International Plant Protection Convention ITN Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KONSSANTIL National Council for Food Security, Sovereignty and Nutrition in Timor-Leste KSI Kadalak Sulimutuk Institute LECS Land Evaluation Computer System M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries MAF-SP Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries-Strategic Plan MAM Moderate-Acute-Malnutrition MCIE Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Environment MDG Millennium Development Goals MMR Maternal Mortality Rate MOE Ministry of Education MOF Ministry of Finance MOH Ministry of Health MOJ Ministry of Justice MOT Ministry of Tourism MPW Ministry of Public Works MSA Ministry of State Administration MSS Ministry of Social Solidarity MTC Ministry of Transport and Communication MUAC Mid Upper Arm Circumference NAP National Action Plan NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action (on Climate Change) ix NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NCBA National Cooperative Business Association's NDMD National Disaster Management Directorate NDOC National Disaster Operation Centers NDP National Development Plan NFB Nutritious Food Basket NFNSP National Food Security and Nutrition Policy NFP National Forest Policy NGO Non Governmental Organization NIEWS National Information and Early Warning System NIWA New Zealand’s National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research NNS National Nutrition Strategy NSAPGSP National Strategy and Action Plan for Gender and Private Sector NYEAP National Youth Employment Action Plan NZAid New Zealand Aid ODF Open Defication Free ORS Oral Rehydration Salt PAN-HAM-TIL Planu Asaun Nasional-Hakotu Hamlaha no Malnutrisaun iha Timor-Leste PARCIC PARC Inter-Peoples Cooperation PDD Programme for Decentralised Development PEMSEA Partnership in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia PERMATIL Permaculture Timor-Leste PLW Ponta Leste Watch PNC Post Natal Care PNDS National Programme for Village Development PPMTC Prevention Program for Mother and Child PMTCT Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV PNTL Policy National Timor-Leste PSF Promotores Saude Familia PSFD Policy and Strategy for Fisheries Development RCM United Nations Regional Coordination Mechanism RDTL Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste RDP Rural Development Program RMNCAH Reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health RSSP Road Sector Support Porject RTTL Radio Television Timor Leste SAM Severe-Acute-Malnutrition SEAPRI Sekretaria Estadu Promosaun Seitor Privadu SEMA Sekretaria Estadu Meio Ambienti SEPFOPE Sekretaria Estadu Politika Formasaun Profissional no Empregu SES Sekretaria Estadu Seguransa SEPI Secretaria Estadu Promosaun Igualdade SFC Stakeholders in Food Supply Chains SGA Save and Good Approach SISCA Servisu Integradu Communitaria (Integrated Community Health Services) SOL Seeds of Life SSBS Secretaria Estadu Bee no Saneamentu SUCOFINDO Superintending Company of Indonesia TBD To Be Determined TICA Thailand International Development Cooperation Agency TLSDP Timor-Leste Strategic Development Plan TLTL Timor-Leste Telcom Liberalisation ToT Training of Trainers UN United Nations x UNCT United Nations Country Team UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNRC United Nations Resident Coordinator UNTL National University of Timor Lorosa’e USAID United States Agency for International Development WB World Bank USC Canada Unitarian Service Committee of Canada WAZ Weight-for-Age Z scores WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organisation WRA Women of Reproductive Age ZHC Zero Hunger Challenge 1 SECTION 1 OVERVIEW OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION 1.1 FOOD INSECURITY, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION CHALLENGE – GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES Based on the Declaration of the World Food Summit of 1996, food and nutrition security can be defined as occurring “when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.” The World Food Summit in 1996 set the target to halve the number of undernourished people by 2015 based on the recorded number in 1992. There are approximately 827 million people in the developing world who fail to meet this criterion. In 2011-2013, about 552 million of these hungry and malnourished people (or two-thirds of the total) were in the Asia Pacific region. In Asia about 100 million children under the age of 5 years were stunted. Hunger (lack of sufficient quantity of food) and malnutrition (the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of calories, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function) are major causes of millions of deaths each year worldwide and in the region. Young children and pregnant and lactating women are the most vulnerable groups and the most likely to be affected. Undernutrition is the underlying cause of 3.5 million child deaths and of one-third of child diseases. Lack of access to nutritionally adequate food and health care undermines countries' development potential and threatens public health and security. Thus, although the number of hunger and/or malnourished people has declined over the last few decades, overall the world is not making sufficient progress to achieve the intended goal of a world that is free from hunger and malnutrition. The right to food is an internationally recognized human right. It is enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It is also enshrined in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Several international declarations and conventions such as the International Declaration on Nutrition, the World Food Summit and World Food Summit +5 have recognized the need for countries to respect and uphold everyone’s individual right to adequate food, nutrition and health. In addition, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) address the particular rights of the most vulnerable groups consisting of children and women. The World Food Summit in 1996 set the target to halve the number of undernourished people by 2015, based on the recorded number in 1992. In 2004, the Governing Council of FAO unanimously adopted Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security. 2 1.2 FOOD INSECURITY, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION CHALLENGE – NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE The Government of Timor-Leste (GoTL) is a signatory to the above international declarations and has pledged to contribute to the progressive reduction of food insecurity, hunger and malnutrition and their ill effects. Timor-Leste is a state party to both the International Declaration on Human Rights and ICESCR. Article 11.1 of ICESCR guarantees the “Right to Adequate Food” and has specifically sought to ensure “the right to an adequate standard of living”. The Constitution of Timor-Leste does not specifically mention the right to food. However, it guarantees all basic human rights to every citizen of Timor-Leste. Further, GoTL is highly committed to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and has undertaken important measures to achieve the MDGs since the adoption of the Millennium Declaration in 2000. The 2013 MDG progress report showed that Timor-Leste is on track with many MDGs. However, this is not the case for MDG 1, Target 3 (halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger). Ever since 1999, GoTL has put in place a number of national policies and initiatives that are aimed at promoting the Right to Food. The National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (NFNSP) and the National Nutrition Strategy (NNS) are, respectively, complementary to the Policy and Strategic Framework of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF), and the health sector development plan of the Ministry of Health (MOH). These policies, strategies and plans are also focused on achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Their aim is to guide the Government’s efforts to eradicate hunger and malnutrition in all their forms. As such, they would also contribute to poverty reduction by 2020, which is one of the goals of the Timor-Leste Strategic Development Plan (TLSDP) 2011-2030. The commitment to end hunger and malnutrition in Timor-Leste was also explicitly declared in October 2010 by concerned line Ministries that signed the Comoro Declaration, namely, the Ministries of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health, Finance, Commerce, Industry and Environment, Education, Public Works, State Administration, Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, and Social Solidarity. These line ministries are now working under the structure of the National Council for Food Security, Sovereignty and Nutrition in Timor- Leste (KONSSANTIL). Other members of the KONSSANTIL are the Secretaries of States for Vocational Training Policy and Employment, Promotion of Equality, Private Sector Support and Promotion, along with the Office of the President of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, the Human Rights Ombudsman, and a representative of the Civil Society (HASATIL). Through these and other efforts, there has been some progress in reducing hunger and malnutrition in Timor-Leste. Nevertheless, the rates of severe hunger and chronic malnutrition and incidences of stunting and under-nutrition are still alarmingly high. Severe food shortages continue to occur in Timor-Leste, 3 especially during the lean season period from November to February. Sixty-two percent of farmers experience at least one month of food shortages (unavailability of self-produced food crops for consumption) per year. The 2013 Timor-Leste Food and Nutrition Survey revealed 50% stunting, 11% wasting, and 37.7% underweight. 1.3 LAUNCH OF THE ZERO HUNGER CHALLENGE BY THE UNITED NATIONS AT GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS In response to the global problem of hunger and malnutrition, United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon launched the Zero Hunger Challenge (ZHC) at the Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development in June 2012 where he announced his vision for the future – a world free from hunger and malnutrition. This vision was encapsulated in the five pillars of the ZHC, namely: 100% access to adequate food all year round; zero stunted children less than 2 years of age; all food systems are sustainable; 100% increase in smallholder productivity and income; and zero loss or waste of food. The basic premise of the ZHC is that it is simply unacceptable that hundreds of millions of people should suffer from hunger in a world of plenty. In April 2013, the message on the ZHC was reinforced at the High Level Consultation on Hunger, Food Security and Nutrition in Madrid, Spain. The Conference called upon the international community to commit to eliminating hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition by 2025 in a sustainable manner, while emphasizing the need to prioritize equitable development, especially the empowerment of women. At the regional level, the ZHC was launched on 29 April 2013 by the UN Deputy Secretary-General and the Executive Secretary of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) with the participation of Prime Ministers and senior officials of UN Member States in the region including Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão of Timor-Leste. Subsequently, the Deputy Secretary-General and the UN Secretary-General's Special Adviser for Timor- Leste agreed on and supported the idea to translate the ZHC into concrete, time-bound actions towards achieving a hunger-free Asia-Pacific by 2025. As the first step, the UN Regional Thematic Working Group on Poverty and Hunger, chaired by FAO and co-chaired by UNESCAP and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), prepared “The Regional Guiding Framework for Achieving Zero Hunger in Asia and the Pacific” which aims to provide guidance to UN Member States in the formulation and implementation of activities to end hunger through multi-stakeholder consultations and coordination at the country level. The Guiding Framework was then presented to senior officials of the Member Countries at the Ministerial Conference on Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration in Asia and the Pacific convened by ESCAP in December 2013 which, in its Bangkok declaration, recognized the importance of the ZHC for regional 4 cooperation to assist countries with special needs, such as least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing states. 1.4 GOVERNMENT OF TIMOR-LESTE RESPONSE – WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE Cognizant of the Global and Regional ZHC initiatives and in response to the critical hunger and malnutrition situation in Timor-Leste, GoTL, in collaboration with its development partners including UN agencies and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), launched the Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste (Hakotu Hamlaha no Malnutrisaun iha Timor-Leste or HAM–TIL) initiative in January 2014. On 9 January 2014, the formalization of the HAM–TIL initiative was put in motion at a special session of the National Parliament by Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão with Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (Royal Princess of Thailand) and the UN Special Adviser to the UN Secretary-General for Timor- Leste in attendance. The HAM–TIL initiative received enthusiastic support from the various parties in the House of Representatives, that is, Congresso Nacional de Reconstrucão de Timor-Leste, Frenti Mudansa, Democratic Party and the Opposition Party. GoTL determined that it was necessary to pursue an intensified set of deliberate measures intended to take the country to a situation of zero-hunger and no malnutrition by 2025. Through PAN–HAM–TIL, GoTL and its partners will work to improve food security and eliminate hunger and malnutrition in order to ensure that all people enjoy the right to food. Among other things, this process will entail the transformation of Timor-Leste’s agriculture sector from subsistence to increased production and income generation for farmers, decreased loss and wastage of food, and an increase in the percentage of paid workers in the agriculture sector. GoTL and its partners will also tackle malnutrition with programmes that scale up the management of acute malnutrition, improve micro-nutrient intake, improve access to health services, improve nutritious food utilization by changing nutrition behavior and practices, and improve hygiene and sanitation. Programmes to bolster the enabling policy, legal, regulatory and social protection environment will underpin these initiatives. In addition, care will be taken to ensure that all initiatives and the goals and targets that are achieved are sustainable. 1.5 PROCESS AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM OF FORMULATION OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN GoTL’s determination in its commitment to the ZHC led to the conceptualization and preparation of the National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste (Planu Asaun Nasional - Hakotu Hamlaha no Malnutrisaun iha Timor-Leste or PAN–HAM–TIL). The National Action Plan builds on and aims 5 to be coherent with existing government policies and plans such as TLSDP, NFNSP, NNS, National Disaster Risk Management Policy, National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, and sector strategic development plans of the KONSSANTIL member ministries. A series of intensive and interactive consultations and workshops were undertaken with various interested stakeholders in order to elaborate the National Action Plan. First of all, reviews of strategic development documents mentioned above were conducted, followed by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) of KONSSANTIL member ministries, secretary of states, Civil Society Organizations, and development partners including UN Agencies. Individual interviews with National Technical Directors from various ministries and discussion at the Council of Ministers were also part of the process. In addition, regional consultations were led by the District Administrators with participation from various technical units, community leaders, civil societies, private sectors, youth and women organizations. Thematic and National Workshops were also conducted as an essential part in finalizing the action plan. Through these inclusive and interactive consultations it was possible to have extensive discussions of the issues and problems and possible solutions to food insecurity, hunger and malnutrition in Timor-Leste. KONSSANTIL, with the co-chairmanship of the United Nations Resident Coordinator (UNRC), was primarily responsible for the formulation of PAN–HAM–TIL. FAO provided technical assistance to the formulation exercise. The Council was supported by a Permanent Technical Secretariat consisting of senior-level government officials concerned with food and nutrition security, representatives of multilateral and bilateral development agencies, the Inter-Ministerial Food and Nutrition Security Working Group and Focal Points of MAF for ZHC, and CSOs including religious groups. Diagram 1.1 depicts the process and road map in formulating the National Action Plan. 6 Diagram 1.1 – The process and road map of the Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste National Action Plan (PAN–HAM–TL) 7 SECTION 2 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE ACTION PLAN 2.1 OVERALL GOAL OF THE ACTION PLAN The achievement of true food and nutrition security will be realized in Timor-Leste when hunger and malnutrition are reduced to a permanent state of insignificance. There is a need to develop a set of indicators by which to assess the overall progress on the challenge to achieve a hunger and malnutrition free Timor-Leste by 2025. Table 2.1 contains a tentative set of indicators of overall progress suggested during the documentation of PAN–HAM–TIL. The final agreed set of indicators of overall progress will be determined as part of the preparation of the PAN–HAM–TIL implementation plan to be led by the KONSSANTIL. Table 2.1 – Suggested overall goal indicators Indicator 2013 Baseline 2017 Target 2020 Target 2025 Target Prevalence of food shortages and hunger  Global Hunger Index (GHI) [International Food Policy Research Institute and UNDP HD Report] 29.6 (Alarming) 19.0 (Serious) 9 (Moderate) 5 (Low)  Household with food shortages for one month or more 62% 52% 32% <5%  Food Consumption Score (FCS): Households with acceptable food consumption 61.3% 75%% 90% 100% Malnutrition prevalence rate (%)  Rate of stunting among CU5 (HAZ <-2.00 SD) 50.2% 42% 27% <10%  Rate of underweight among CU5 (WAZ < -2SD) 37.7% 30% 25% <20%  Rate of wasting among under CU5 (BIMZ < -2SD) 11.0% 3% 2% <2%  Rate of anemia among CU5 (Hemoglobin <Hb < 110 g/L) 62.5% 29% 7% <3%  Vitamin A deficiency among CU5 (serum retinol <0.7 µmol/L) 46% 18% 5% <5%  Iodine deficiency for general population 26.6% 21% 18% <10% (urinary iodine excretion <100µg/L)  Rate of thinness of women among reproductive age (WRA) (BMI<18.5kgm -2 ) 24.8% 20.9% 18% <10%  Rate of anemia among women of reproductive age (Hemoglobin <120 g/L) 38.9% 26% 16% <10% Health  Infant mortality rate (IMR) 45/1000 births 35/1000 births 20/1000 births <10/1000 births  Under 5-years old child mortality rate (CU5 MR) 64/1000 births 51/1000 births Birth 33/1000 births <10/1000 births  Maternal mortality rate (MMR) 6/1000 live births (TLDS, 2010) 4/1000 births 2/1000 births <2/1000 births  Life expectancy 65.5 years (WHO, 2012) 69 years 73 years 77 years Poverty  Population living under the national poverty line 41% 31% 21% 10% 8 2.2 PRIORITY AREAS OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN – FIVE PILLARS The National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste (PAN–HAM–TIL) has been built around the five strategic pillars of the ZHC (Diagram 2.1). Each pillar has a number of Outcomes, and each Outcome is associated with a number of respective Outputs. In turn, each Output has a number of respective priority areas of intervention. These interventions are expressed in terms of Activities that should be undertaken in order to meet the stated goals of the Action Plan. GOAL Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste by 2025 PILLAR 1 100% EQUITABLE ACCESS TO ADEQUATE, NUTRITIOUS AND AFFORDABLE FOOD ALL YEAR ROUND PILLAR 2 ZERO STUNTED CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE PILLAR 3 ALL FOOD SYSTEMS ARE SUSTAINABLE PILLAR 4 100% INCREASE IN SMALLHOLDER PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME PILLAR 5 ZERO LOSS OR WASTE OF FOOD Outcome 1.1 Poor and marginalized people have more diverse and more secure entitlements to food Outcome 1.2 Impact of excessive food price volatility reduced through open, fair and well-functioning markets and trade policies at local, regional and international levels Outcome 2.1 Improved nutrient intake (macro and micro-nutrients) for mothers, children under five and adolescent girls Outcome 2.2 Improved access to maternal, newborn and child health services Outcome 2.3 Improved nutritious food utilization at household, community, and national levels Outcome 3.1 Standards for sustainability established for all farmers (including pastoralists and fisherfolk), agribusinesses, cooperatives, governments, farmer unions and civil society Outcome 4.1 Productivity of various agricultural products of smallholder farmers including youth and women farmers increased Outcome 4.2 Income of smallholder farmers, pastoralists and fisherfolk including women and youth increased through access to financial services, home industry and eco/agro-tourism Outcome 2.4 Improved access to water and sanitation facilities and hygiene interventions Outcome 2.5 Families nutrition behaviour and practices improved Outcome 5.1 Food losses and waste during harvesting, storage, transport, processing, retailing and consumption of food minimized Diagram 2.1 – Strategic Elements of the National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste Outcome 3.2 Sustainable and climate resilient agriculture practiced Outcome 3.3 Cross-sectoral policy coherence (encompassing inter alia food security, industry, trade policy, tourism, energy, land use, water and climate change) pursued 9 PILLAR 1 – 100% EQUITABLE ACCESS TO ADEQUATE NUTRITIOUS AND AFFORDABLE FOOD ALL YEAR ROUND This pillar deals with ways in which an enabling environment can be created that will facilitate people’s ability, especially the vulnerable, to have access to and enjoy their right to food. The pillar highlights the importance of favourable policy options and instruments in areas such as land utilization, domestic food production, price and market information, awareness creation, decent livelihood and employment opportunities, stabilizing markets, food reserves during emergencies, social protection and safety nets. Two Outcomes were identified to guide the choice of Outputs and Activities for this pillar. Outcome 1.1 – Poor and marginalized people have more diverse and more secure entitlements to food It is important to take measures to ensure that development programmes are sensitive to the needs of the vulnerable, especially people living in poverty, women, children and rural dwellers. This can be done through measures like making sure that people are aware of their rights, policies and laws that ensure people’s entitlements are formulated and enforced, and the promotion and use of indigenous materials and knowledge. Under this Outcome, five Outputs have been identified:  An enabling environment for people to enjoy the right to food.  Sustainable agriculture and food systems, including marketing.  Access to decent and productive employment strengthened, especially for rural youth and poor women.  Social protection, social services and targeted safety nets promoted.  Increased domestic food production, in a sustainable manner. Outcome 1.2 – Impact of excessive food price volatility reduced through open, fair and well- functioning markets and trade policies at local, regional and international levels The poor and other vulnerable people are especially hard hit by frequent and erratic changes in both the supply and price of food. In order to counter negative fluctuations in the supply of food, it is necessary to put in place improvements in the management of emergency food reserves, food imports and exports, price policies and monitoring, and actions to promote market integration. It is also important to have reliable flows and access to information on all aspects of the rural, agriculture and food sectors. Such information facilitates open, fair and well-functioning markets and trade policies at local, regional and international levels. This Outcome has four Outputs to guide the selection of Activities:  Appropriate and adequate market and price information and monitoring systems established and promoted. 10  Strengthened reliability of agricultural and rural statistics and information.  Emergency food stocks established.  Regional and sub-regional cooperation for enhancing food security and preventing excessive price volatility strengthened. PILLAR 2 – ZERO STUNTED CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE 1 This pillar spearheads efforts to eradicate malnutrition. It deals with ways in which dietary intake can be improved and how food, water, and vector borne diseases as well as infectious diseases can be controlled and eliminated to ensure that there is optimal biological utilization of food. The pillar has five Outcomes. Outcome 2.1 – Improved nutrient intake (macro and micro-nutrients) for mothers, children under five and adolescent girls It is inadequate intake of calories, proteins and fats that often leads to stunting (chronic malnutrition), wasting (acute malnutrition), and underweight (chronic/acute malnutrition) among children under 5 (CU5), as well as unacceptable levels of chronic energy deficiency (CED) among women of reproductive age (WRA). The most serious deficiencies relate to the low intake of iron, folate, Vitamins A and B, iodine and zinc, which are especially significant public health problems among young children and WRA. A significant lack of dietary diversity also leads to micronutrient deficiencies. This Outcome is especially targeted for CU5 and WRA. There are four Outputs in this Outcome that will guide the selection of activities to promote adequate and appropriate macro- and micro-nutrient intake for better nutritional outcomes:  Improved maternal, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices.  Improved coverage of routine micronutrient supplementation.  More widespread use and increased consumption of iodized salt and fortified foods.  Improved treatment outcome (cure rate) of maternal and child malnutrition. Outcome 2.2 – Improved access to maternal, newborn and child health services Access to health services has always been a challenge, especially for residents living in remote, rural areas of Timor-Leste. Promoting improved access to and improving the quality of health care services can be important sources of care for rural residents. It also entails provision of assistance in the development of an adequate supply of community-based services including the availability of adequate numbers of highly skilled and professional health workers at all operational levels. Other venues for outreach for providing health services like schools will also be improved. Private–public 1 Necessary adjustments will be made to this Pillar when the National Action Plan is reviewed at a later stage of implementation. 11 partnerships will also form part of this strategy. There are five Outputs that are associated with this Outcome:  Increased utilization of maternal health services 24/7.  Increased proportion of children 0-24 months that are fully immunized.  Increased proportion of children under 5 dewormed.  Sick children under 5 years are treated according to integrated management childhood illnesses (IMCI) protocol.  HIV positive mothers, newborn and children receive treatment care and support services (according to nationally defined standards). Outcome 2.3 – Improved nutritious food utilization at household, community and national levels There is a need to inculcate and cement in the country, at all levels, the importance of basic healthy eating habits and diet diversity. There is one Output through which activities under this Outcome have been prioritized:  Increased consumption of different sources of protein rich foods (animal foods and beans) by adolescent girls, mothers and young children promoted. Outcome 2.4 – Improved access to water and sanitation facilities and hygiene interventions The lack of or inadequate access to safe water compromises people’s ability to properly utilize food that is made available and accessible. Sanitation facilities, together with unhygienic behaviour (such as not properly washing hands) increase the susceptibility to diseases and illnesses. Hence the promotion of access to sufficient quantities of safe water and adequate sanitary facilities and introduction of sound hygiene behaviors in household, community and public places is of uttermost importance to reducing the burden of disease and the nutritional compromises that are caused by these risk factors. There is one Output which will guide a number of Activities that will be implemented:  Families, especially children, mothers and adolescent girls, use improved sanitation facilities and use soap to wash hands. Outcome 2.5 – Families’ nutrition behaviour and practices improved Inadequate and inappropriate nutritional practices, particularly with regard to mother and child (M&C) care can hinder the proper utilization of food even if it is available and accessible. In Timor- Leste there are some widely practiced food taboos or food restrictions after child delivery for infants and children that affect their nutritional status. Knowledge about balanced diets and best nutrition and health practices are also limited. Therefore, this Outcome underscores the need to educate mothers to increase their knowledge on when to seek proper care and to identify early solutions to their health and nutrition problems. The suggested interventions emphasize the strong need to 12 impart knowledge and to encourage appropriate practical action through health and nutrition education, as well as through influencing cultural and other practices. Special attention is paid to the needs of infant and young children, pregnant women, lactating mothers, adolescents and schoolchildren. There are six Outputs associated with this Outcome:  Multi-sectoral national communication strategy and plan for nutrition implemented.  Sub-villages have community groups promoting nutrition related behavior and practices, and provide parents access to information and support for preventing growth faltering in under 2 year old children.  Women of reproductive age and adolescent girls practice nationally defined feasible practices for improving nutrient intake.  School going adolescent girl’s awareness improved in relation to protecting fetal, infant and young child growth.  Nutrition capacity of implementing and coordination agencies is strengthened.  Improved availability of evidence for decision-making. PILLAR 3 – ALL FOOD SYSTEMS ARE SUSTAINABLE Pillar 3 underpins the need to ensure that there are sustainable agriculture and food security systems at the global, regional, national, local, community and household levels. Many diverse phenomena impinge on the integrity of a sustainable agriculture and food system. These include land tenure; soil fertility; quality of freshwater and marine resources; depleting biodiversity; and the impacts of climate change, hazards and disasters. There are also concerns regarding the availability of farm labor and the well-being of the farmers, availability of adequately sufficient and affordable supply of agricultural inputs to increase production and productivity, and affordability of nutritious food in the market. There is mounting local evidence on the threat to the sustainability of the agricultural and food system in Timor-Leste due to these concerns. The failure of many rural families to make ends meet is forcing them to migrate to urban areas in search of opportunities, resulting in erratically reduced agricultural and food production. This pillar has three prioritized Outcomes to guide the Outputs and Activities: Outcome 3.1 – Standards for sustainability established for all farmers (including pastoralists and fisherfolk), agribusinesses, cooperatives, governments, farmer unions and civil society This Outcome recognizes that there is a need to establish a threshold of expected standards of sustainability among all stakeholders and along every point of the agriculture and food value chain. This will ensure the sustainability of the Timor-Leste food and nutrition culture and systems. This Outcome focuses on the minimum requirements for a sustainable agriculture and food system in Timor-Leste that will assist stakeholders in their agricultural sustainability initiatives. There are two 13 selected areas of concentration, which include the focus on building sustainable standards in primary production practices, and on the establishment of food quality and safety standards:  National Standards on sustainable food production are established and practiced by farmers, pastoralists and fisherfolk.  National food quality and safety standards are established and promoted for effective implementation by all players throughout the food system. Outcome 3.2 — Sustainable and climate resilient agriculture practiced There is a need to ensure that all agricultural and food production practices strike a balance between the nutritional status and food security of the country and the sustainability of environmental and natural resources. Due to climate change, there is global as well as local high variability in production caused by high variability of weather. With time, this phenomenon is becoming both more pronounced and worse. Therefore, in order to ensure food and nutrition security, it is important to understand, adapt and develop coping mechanisms to handle climate variability. Increased mitigation and management of risks, disasters and emergencies are a major concern of the interventions under this Outcome. Three Outputs have been identified:  Enhanced research and extension programme for implementing sustainable practices.  Small-scale farmers, including pastoralists and fisherfolk, adopt tested and proven sustainable and climate resilient farming and fishing practices in Timor-Leste.  Disaster risk reduction and management capacities enhanced at both national and sub-national levels. Outcome 3.3 – Cross-sectoral policy coherence (encompassing inter-alia food security, industry, trade policy, tourism, energy, land use, water and climate change) pursued One of the most important requirements of sustainability in addressing food and nutrition issues is that there needs to be coherence across many sectors and institutions to harmonize policies, programmes, and implementation of various actions. Timor-Leste agriculture, food and nutrition policies have so far tended to be opportunistic, with inadequate levels of coordination among ministries and development partners. Future focus includes linking agriculture, food and nutrition policies to rural development policies, trade, commerce, tourism, private sector development for small and medium size enterprises, and management of maritime and its resources. Different ways of strengthening cross-sectoral activities need to be explored and undertaken. The following Outputs are prioritized which need to be pursued urgently:  Integrated approaches to natural resource management implemented.  Integrated participatory coastal natural resource management promoted. 14 PILLAR 4 – 100% INCREASE IN SMALLHOLDER PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME Timor-Leste is a country of smallholder farmers. They are at the heart of the development effort of the country. They are the primary players in meeting the goals of the challenge to achieve a hunger and malnutrition free Timor-Leste in particular, and the poverty reduction and national development aspirations in general. This Pillar deals with ways in which sufficient quantities of nutritionally adequate food can be made available and accessible at the right places, at the right times and in the right forms throughout the country, particularly through increased production and productivity and increased income of the smallholder farmers. Two Outcomes have been formulated to guide the choice of Outputs and interventions: Outcome 4.1 – Productivity of various agricultural products of smallholder farmers including youth and women farmers increased Agricultural production and productivity, especially as it relates to food, will be increased and intensified. Programmes will promote more extensive and more intensive cultivation of cereals (maize and rice) and other staple crops (potatoes, cassava, taro, sweet potato, etc.) and fruits and vegetables. The PAN–HAM–TIL also prioritizes the promotion of increased extensive and intensive production of animals and fish (marine and aquaculture). Smallholder producers will be targeted through technology transfer, as well as the provision of various agriculture information and communication materials. Public–private partnerships will be promoted for farmers to increase their access to agriculture inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and other planting materials, poultry, animals and fish fingerlings. Attention will be paid to sustainable and efficient use of productive resources, including improvement of production technologies through research, extension and other developmental services. Use of livestock and indigenous crop varieties that are more adaptable to pests, drought and floods will be promoted. More efficient use of irrigation and water resources will likewise be promoted. Also, development and promotion of use of better machines and tools will be undertaken. Seven Outputs have been identified as a basis for the selection and implementation of intervention activities to meet the targets of this Outcome:  Food crop productivity increased to meet food demands.  Appropriate animal production, reproduction and best animal health practices applied by farmers to increase productivity.  Appropriate fishery production and management applied by farmers and fisherfolk to increase productivity.  Farmers, fishers, pastoralists’ organizations and groups, including women’s and youth groups, supported, strengthened and empowered.  Responsible governance of land, fisheries and forests implemented to prevent grabbing of land and other natural resources, forcible acquisition of land and other resources and displacement. 15  Agricultural innovation promoted through information and communication technology (ICT).  Integrated watershed management towards addressing food security promoted. Outcome 4.2 – Income of smallholder farmers, pastoralists and fisherfolk including women and youth increased through access to financial services, home industry and eco/agro-tourism In order to improve economic access to food, it is fundamental to take direct measures to improve the income of smallholder crop, animal and fisheries producers in the country. To this end, the creation of small and medium enterprises and employment opportunities will be supported, with emphasis on those rural areas with high levels of poverty and food and nutrition insecurity. In addition, improvements in access to credit and land by the families living in poverty will be supported to help them deal with acute food shortages and to prevent malnutrition in the long- term. Special attention will be given to the creation of economic opportunities for women and increasing their access to resources, especially land and credit. The promotion and undertaking of value addition enterprises and ventures will be an important means of increasing smallholder incomes. Four Outputs have been identified to guide intervention activities for this Outcome:  Access to financial services such as savings, credit, insurance and others for smallholder farmers, pastoralists and fisherfolk including women and youth strengthened.  Smallholder farmers, fisherfolk and pastoralists including women and youth access to markets and consumers enhanced.  Home industry promoted through agro-processing and value addition of local agricultural products using labour saving tools and devices, especially for women.  Eco/agro-tourism promoted, with the aim of diversifying income and employment generation, especially for women and youth. PILLAR 5 – ZERO LOSS OR WASTE OF FOOD This pillar underpins the strong concern for the phenomenally large amount of food loss and waste in the food chain. Food loss and waste is a concern for every player in the food system. On the one hand, the demand for food is increasing as population and income increases. On the other hand, loss and waste reduce food availability, access to and utilization of food. Food loss and waste in Timor- Leste is not well studied and documented. However, some recent analyses indicate that pre-harvest losses of the major staple food crops are close to 30%, largely due to earlier maturing grain losses, as farmers use their own degenerated seed and mix varieties (SDP, 11-2030). Other leakages, such as post-harvest losses, are estimated at 20% for rice and maize. 16 Outcome 5.1 – Food losses and waste during harvesting, storage, transport, processing, retailing and consumption of food minimized This Outcome focuses on the need to minimize food loss and waste across all elements of the Timor- Leste food chains, from input supply to post-harvest handling and treatment, and on to processing and export. These losses are not only reducing food availability in the country; they are also lowering the income of smallholder farmers (FAO, 2010). Issues that need to be addressed include lack of a knowledge base on post-harvest, food safety and quality management, limited access to post- harvest technologies and testing facilities, weak post-harvest infrastructure support base, relatively weak private sector, limited coordination among supply chain stakeholders, and the lack of impact assessments and monitoring and evaluation systems. Activities have been identified in line with the following three Outputs:  Stakeholders in food supply chains (FSC) equipped with the knowledge and technical skills to reduce food losses and waste.  Investments in post-harvest, transport and storage infrastructures such as water, power, ICT, packing-houses and cool and dry storage facilities increased and strengthened.  Policies and incentive programmes developed and enforced on food losses and food waste reduction. 2.3 IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND COSTS This Section comprises the core component of the Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste. Table 2.2 provides a one-page overview of the number and total cost of the proposed interventions under each Pillar and under each of the respective 13 Outcomes of the National Action Plan. Summaries of respective tentative budget figures are provided for three time periods: short term (2016-2017), medium term (2017-2019) and long term (2020-2025). Details of planned activities are contained in the implementation matrix in Annex 1. This matrix consists of 13 log frames, one for every Outcome. Each log frame provides a detailed overview of the planned Outcomes and the respective Outputs. Each Output is followed by its respective planned Activities or Interventions. Coordinating and responsible parties for each activity as well as costs are provided in the appropriate columns. The matrix is preceded by a descriptive explanation of the items under each one of the 12 Columns of the log frame matrix. 17 TABLE 2.2 – OVERVIEW OF INTERVENTIONS OF THE ACTION PLAN FOR A HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION FREE TIMOR-LESTE Number of Pillars 5 Number of Outcomes 13 Number of Outputs 47 Number of Activities / Interventions 170 Number of Activities that will be completed by 2017 42 Number of Activities that will be completed by 2020 42 Number of Activities that will be completed by 2025 86 Pillars and Outcomes ACTIVITIES (Number) BUDGET (US$) 2015-2016 2017-2019 2020-2025 TOTAL Outcomes for Pillar 1 – 100% EQUITABLE ACCESS TO ADEQUATE, NUTRITIOUS AND AFFORDABLE FOOD ALL YEAR ROUND 37 220,440,000 330,660,000 551,100,000 1,102,200,000 Outcome 1.1 – Poor and marginalized people have more diverse and more secure entitlements to food 27 218,320,000 327,480,000 545,800,000 1,091,600,000 Outcome 1.2 – Impact of excessive food price volatility reduced through open, fair and well-functioning markets and trade policies at local, regional and international levels 10 2,120,000 3,180,000 5,300,000 10,600,000 Outcomes for Pillar 2 – ZERO STUNTED CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE 51 79,200,000 118,800,000 198,000,000 396,000,000 Outcome 2.1 – Improved nutrient intake (macro and micro-nutrients) for mothers, children under five and adolescent girls 14 25,000,000 37,500,000 62,500,000 125,000,000 Outcome 2.2 – Improved access to maternal, newborn and child health services 16 20,000,000 30,000,000 50,000,000 100,000,000 Outcome 2.3 – Improved nutritious food utilization at household, community, and national levels 2 3,000,000 4,500,000 7,500,000 15,000,000 Outcome 2.4 – Improved access to water and sanitation facilities and hygiene interventions 4 24,000,000 36,000,000 60,000,000 120,000,000 Outcome 2.5 – Families nutrition behaviour and practices improved 15 7,200,000 10,800,000 18,000,000 36,000,000 Outcomes for Pillar 3 – ALL FOOD SYSTEMS ARE SUSTAINABLE 28 7,063,000 10,594,500 17,657,500 35,315,000 Outcome 3.1 – Standards for sustainability established for all farmers (including pastoralists and fisherfolk), agribusinesses, cooperatives, governments, farmer unions and civil society 12 2,143,000 3,214,500 5,357,500 10,715,000 Outcome 3.2 – Sustainable and climate resilient agriculture practiced 9 1,480,000 2,220,000 3,700,000 7,400,000 Outcome 3.3 – Cross-sectoral policy coherence (encompassing inter alia food security, industry, trade policy, tourism, energy, land use, water and climate change) pursued 7 3,440,000 5,160,000 8,600,000 17,200,000 Outcomes for Pillar 4 – 100% INCREASE IN SMALLHOLDER PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME 40 38,720,000 58,080,000 96,800,000 193,600,000 Outcome 4.1 – Productivity of various agricultural products of smallholder farmers including youth and women farmers increased 26 25,970,000 38,955,000 64,925,000 129,850,000 Outcome 4.2 – Income of smallholder farmers, pastoralists and fisherfolk including women and youth increased through access to financial services, home industry and eco/agro-tourism 14 12,750,000 19,125,000 31,875,000 63,750,000 Outcomes for Pillar 5 – ZERO LOSS OR WASTE OF FOOD 14 7,050,000 10,575,000 17,625,000 35,250,000 Outcome 5.1 – Food losses and waste during harvesting, storage, transport, processing, retailing and consumption of food minimized 14 7,050,000 10,575,000 17,625,000 35,250,000 TOTAL 170 352,473,000 528,709,500 881,182,500 1,762,365,000 18 SECTION 3 COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM 3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES The National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste is highly committed to establishing an efficient and effective governance and organizational structure. Diagram 3.1 depicts the organizational structure that has emerged during the formulation of the PAN–HAM–TIL. Diagram 3.1 – National Coordination and Organizational Mechanism of the National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste The working and governance structures for the implementation of the National Action Plan are based on the NFNSP, as guided by the National Development Plan, the NNS, the National Disaster Management Policy, other policies and plans of the GoTL, and the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP) food security structure. As much consideration as possible is given to the existing structures of the GoTL. KONSSANTIL will be supported by development partners to build its functional capacity. The aim is to enable KONSSANTIL to grow from being a more or less interim coordination agency so that it becomes the national nerve centre of the effort to eliminate hunger and malnutrition in Timor-Leste. One of the first tasks of KONSSATIL after the launch of the National Action Plan will be to set up and provide guidance to the Technical Permanent Secretariat and the Technical Working Group to design the organizational mechanisms for coordination, planning, budgeting and implementation of the National Action Plan starting in 2015. The final proposed design of coordination, planning, budgeting and implementation will 19 be presented to KONSSANTIL before October 2014. It is anticipated that the final design will be approved at the Council of Ministers. a) Roles and responsibilities As an Inter-Ministerial agency, KONSSANTIL will function as the high-level reporting and decision-making body. Its key role is to take policy and major strategic decisions, and to ensure full commitment from all relevant stakeholders. KONSSANTIL will coordinate, consolidate and synergize the roles and functions of the members, including evidence based joint decision-making on investments and aligning of resources from each KONSSANTIL member for food security, sovereignty and nutrition in Timor-Leste. KONSSANTIL will operate in a well-coordinated political leadership role, promoting inclusive participation particularly in advancing local level decision-making and actions and encouraging participation of different groups of people, including socially marginalized groups, women, children, smallholder and poor farmers. KONSSANTIL will also facilitate coordination and encourage participation from the private sector, academic and faith-based organisations, and non-governmental/civil society organisations that are working in food and nutrition security sectors. b) High-level Advisory Committee In order to ensure its effectiveness, the institutional mechanism for the ZHC needs to include the highest level of both national and development partner leadership in the country. As such, the Prime Minister as the chair of the Council of Ministers will be the Chairperson of the High-level Advisory Committee of the National ZHC. The Prime Minister will be supported in this role by the Special Adviser of the UN Secretary- General for Timor-Leste who will serve as Co-Chairperson. The High-level Advisory Committee functions as a platform for the Government and the development partners at the highest level to receive and share overall information on the progress of implementation of PAN–HAM–TIL and the extent to which overall goals are being achieved. The Committee may then provide any advice and assistance to KONSSANTIL as it sees fit and appropriate. The Committee will meet at least two times a year in January and August, at the end of the KONSSANTIL Meetings. However, the Chairperson and Co-Chairperson may call for a meeting at any other time, depending on perceived needs. In 2015, during the initiation period of PAN–HAM–TIL, it may be necessary to schedule a third meeting in December. KONSANTILL will provide Secretariat Services to the High-level Advisory Committee. The composition of the Committee will be decided on by the Chairperson and Co-Chairperson and communicated to KONSSANTIL. c) Council membership and leadership KONSSANTIL is a coordinating body, which consists of one representative from each of the ten ministries covered by KONSSANTIL, four state secretaries, a representative from the Office of the President, a human rights ombudsman, and civil society and development partners that have a stake in food and nutrition security in Timor-Leste. The national members will be joined by representatives from agencies of the UN 20 Country Team. The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries will serve as President of the Council, with the Minister of Health as Vice President. The two will form the main line of liaison between the Council and its various entities. d) Permanent Technical Secretariat At the more technical inter-ministerial / inter-agency level, the Technical Permanent Secretariat of KONSSANTIL will be responsible for coordination of technical aspects of implementing ongoing planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of the National Action Plan. It will include senior technical staff members from the member ministries of KONSSANTIL and other relevant stakeholder institutions. Its purpose will be to monitor implementation and progress and effectively coordinate all cross-cutting issues related to nutrition and food security, and report to the high-level leadership body. e) Inter-Ministerial Food and Nutrition Security Working Group This Inter-Ministerial Working Group will be drawn from the Permanent Technical Secretariat. It will be coordinated by the Executive Secretariat for Food Security and Cooperation of MAF. This group will support the functioning of the Secretariat. In particular, it will play a surveillance role by identifying and highlighting any critical issues in the implementation of PAN–HAM–TIL that need special attention and bringing them before the Secretariat and the Council. f) Ministry / agency level coordination Each of the ministries / agencies involved in the implementation of the National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste will outline arrangements for planning and implementation of its sector-specific interventions and for coordinating activities with actors within their respective organizations that participate in the promotion of improved nutrition and food security in Timor-Leste. Each ministry / agency involved in the implementation of the National Action Plan will report on a regular basis to the Inter-Ministerial Food and Nutrition Working Group. g) District Disaster Management, Food and Nutrition Security Committee This Committee will provide leadership coordination at the district level. It will build synergy and promote further coordination between sectors and actors including the civil societies from village level to the district level that are working towards the achievement of food and nutrition security in Timor-Leste. The District Administrator will act as the coordinator with the MAF District Director as Vice Coordinator. Membership will comprise all government institutions with a presence in the district, as well as NGOs, the private sector, churches and civil society. Once outlined by KONSSATIL and approved by GoTL, the final governance and implementation structure will be communicated to all policy and implementing bodies. 21 3.2 RESOURCES In order to implement PAN–HAM–TIL, around US$ 1,762 million will be required over the ten year period from 2015 to 2025. This translates into an average annual spending of around US$ 176 million over the ten years. This amount highlights a very significant gap between resource allocations as they currently are and the greater amount that is required to implement PAN–HAM–TIL. Around US$ 352 million will be needed in the immediate/short-term period of the first two years (2015-2016), with about half of the amount being spent in the first year (2015). For the subsequent mid-term period (2017-2019) and long-term period (2020-2025) the requirements will be around US$ 529 million and US$ 881 million, respectively. GoTL is fully committed to address this major funding challenge. As far and as much as possible, GoTL will make its own funds available, and there will be no cutbacks in its investment in development programmes in the food security and nutrition areas. The people of Timor-Leste will nevertheless require major external support to achieve the goals of the National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste. Various measures promote donor support and will ensure that any internal and external resources will be used in the most effective and efficient way. These include:  Full commitment by GoTL and close alignment of Government and donor interests GoTL will demonstrate its ongoing focus on sustainable development though a continuing commitment to the MDGs (especially paying attention to the importance of adequate nutrition and food security, which are a necessary prerequisite not only to reach MDG 1 but also other MDGs); commitment to the global Zero Hunger Campaign; and close collaboration with development partners through instruments like the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) and the Country Programmes of the various partners. The development partners are also highly committed to the MDGs. The launch of the ZHC at both the global level (2012) and regional level (2013) represents a strong renewal of this commitment and a willingness to generously support and participate in the implementation of the National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste.  Endorsement and further prioritization of programmes and activities All relevant ministries as well as key development partners strongly endorse this National Action Plan and are convinced that its implementation will lead to a step-change in the drive to achieve food security and eradicate hunger and malnutrition in Timor-Leste. After the launch of the National Action Plan for a Hunger and Nutrition Free Timor-Leste, GoTL will work with development partners to further prioritize interventions and to draw up detailed work plans. Prioritization will be guided by the imperative to achieve the highest benefit / cost ratio and to benefit groups with the highest need. 22  Coordinated advocacy and fundraising Not only planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation but also advocacy and fundraising will be conducted in a coordinated manner. This is of crucial importance because there is no one sector and no single agency that can solve the problems of malnutrition and food insecurity in Timor-Leste. Given the very large amount of monetary resources that the National Action Plan requires to be distributed over a fairly long period of ten years, GoTL would like to moot the idea of establishing a “Hunger and Malnutrition Free Trust Fund”. Such a fund would facilitate determined collective fundraising to fill the overall gap. It would also provide an efficient mechanism for allocation of funds towards programmes and projects that demonstrate transparency and accountability combined with a high benefit / cost ratio. 3.3 IMPLEMENTATION TIMEFRAME Overall After the launching of the National Action Plan, a more detailed implementation plan will be prepared under the guidance of KONSSANTIL. This Section contains broad guidelines for that process. It is also intended to inform and orient the detailed planning and implementation of activities that occurs on the basis of donor country programmes, project cycles and the annual planning and budgeting exercises. KONSSANTIL and the stakeholders will prepare an implementation roadmap that will prioritize and sequence activities and their funding based on three time periods:  Short-term: Implementation activities over the next two years (2015-2016)  Mid-term: Implementation over the next five years (2015-2019)  Long-term: Implementation over the next ten years (2015-2025) The goal is to largely identify and allocate funds and address the most urgent and immediate needs over the first year (2015) and the subsequent year (2016). The next most urgent category of needs would be largely addressed over the next three years (2017-2019). Other needs would be addressed over the subsequent five years (2020-2025). This approach helps to ensure that the National Action Plan is not overwhelmed by the urge to do everything that needs to be done at once. Any attempt to do this would be strongly constrained by logistical, human resources and financial resources which have to be developed as the National Action Plan rolls out. Work Plan for the rest of 2014 and 2015 Diagram 3.2 depicts an initial 1.5-year Work Plan, covering the periods July – December 2014 and all of 2015. The Work Plan includes major decisions and activities from the critical period from PAN–HAM–TIL’s launch through the first year of operation. It highlights important events and junctures like the timing of PAN–HAM– TIL meetings at different levels of implementation, writing and submission of progress reports, and the Annual Joint Review Meetings of the Narional Action Plan. 23 Diagram 3.2 - KONSSANTIL Work Plan for Jul – Dec 2014 and 2015 2014 2015 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Endorsement of PAN–HAM–TIL by Cabinet (C) and Parliament (P) C P Resource mobilization  PAN–HAM–TIL launch – donor approach  Round table presentation of PAN–HAM–TIL  Dev’t of resource mobilization plan including launching of the Juntos Contra a Fome  Ongoing donor mobilization  Preparation (P) and Approval (A) of “Trust Fund” Proposal P A  Approved 2015 and 2016 GoTL budgets of Ministries 2015 2016 Augmenting institutional structures  Constitute High-level Advisory Committee  Strengthening the legal basis of the KONSSANTIL  Strengthening KONSSANTIL coordination  Strengthening Technical Perm. Secretariat & Technical Working Group, District Committees  Re-establishment & operation of the Ministerial/ Sectoral Special Technical Support 24 2014 2015 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec PAN–HAM–TIL Implementation Plan  Implementation Plan for 2015- 2017 prepared  Preparation & approval of 2015 PAN–HAM–TIL activities consolidated budget  Approval of 2015 activities by KONSSANTIL  Preparation of consolidated budget for 2016 Policy / Implementation Meetings  High-level Advisory Committee Meetings  KONSSANTIL Meetings  Inter-Ministerial Working Group Meetings  Permanent Technical Secretariat Meetings  Ministry level meetings (technical support groups)  District Committee Meetings Reporting, Review and M&E  Ministry Progress Reports  District Progress Reports  KONSSANTIL/ PAN–HAM–TIL Progress Report  Joint Review – National Annual Meeting on PAN–HAM–TIL 25 2014 2015 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec PAN–HAM–TIL Implementation activities Budget 2015 (US$)  Pillar 1 110.2  Pillar 2 39.5  Pillar 3 3.5  Pillar 4 19.3  Pillar 5 3.5 26 3.4 REPORTING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION The reporting system for PAN–HAM–TIL will be streamlined to ensure proper assessment and reporting of progress. Various institutions / groups of KONSSANTIL will be required to submit reports as follows:  KONSSANTIL Permanent Technical Secretariat – in collaboration with the Inter-Ministerial Working Group, quarterly reports on the overall implementation and progress to be submitted to the Advisory Committee and Council of Ministers; annual report to be presented at the National Annual Meeting on PAN–HAM–TIL (Joint Review).  Ministry level technical groups – bi-monthly progress reports to be submitted to KONSSANTIL.  District Committees – to submit quarterly reports to KONSSANTIL. The Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the National Action Plan will take place at various levels of the governance and implementation structure and throughout the five pillars. KONSSANTIL will be responsible for the coordination of the development and implementation of the cross-sectoral, multi-level M&E system for the National Action Plan. It will be important to ensure that the M&E system to be developed is participatory in the sense that stakeholders are involved in the M&E process. As such, stakeholders should be involved in the identification of expected results, outcomes, outputs, activities to be monitored and their respective indicators, and also in the implementation of actual M&E activities. To this end, there should be a measure of devolution of the M&E process at both the institutional and also at the geographical / location levels. Thus there will be mechanisms set up for multi-stakeholder policy and implementation dialogues at local, district and national levels on sustainable food production, supply and consumption and for the verification of the standards and sustainability. Regular meetings and policy dialogues will be organized involving producers, consumers, the private sector, cooperatives and farmers associations with the participation of CSOs. In terms of the M&E process itself, attention will be paid to M&E of the impact of the National Action Plan in achieving the overall goal of “a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste”, as well as to the ongoing M&E of various indicators of outcome, output, and activity and input levels that have been identified and are in the annual and other work plans under each pillar. Further, it will be important to ensure that there is feedback of the results of the M&E process into the future implementation of activities, and into the decisions of KONSSANTIL and other policy-making entities of the GoTL. The National Action Plan has identified a series of indicative baseline indicators with regard to overall goal indicators and activity indicators. There may then be a need to undertake a baseline to establish any indicator values that cannot be ascertained from existing data. During this process, the type, number and frequency of new regular surveys that will be needed to fill in the gaps of parameters that cannot be catered for by 27 existing surveys and other sources will be decided. Thus, the aim is, as far as possible, to build on existing surveys, studies, information systems and institutions. This will include integrating any missing parameters in existing surveys, studies, etc. At the apex of the M&E system, a national annual multi-stakeholder meeting on the National Action Plan for a Hunger and Malnutrition Free Timor-Leste will be organized by KONSSANTIL. The focus of this meeting will be on: a) Assessing the achievement of the overall goals that were specified in Table 2.1 – Overall Goal Indicators, as well as Outcomes and Outputs of each Pillar. b) Assessing the implementation of the National Action Plan, including its contribution to the achievement of national and sub-national as well as sectoral development programs and strategies. c) Making recommendations concerning changes to and improvement in planning and implementation of the various activities to further enhance the achievement expected goals, outcomes and outputs. 28 ANNEX 1 - MATRIX OF OUTCOME, OUTPUT AND ACTIVITY LOG FRAMES Explanation of Elements of the Log Frames The Plan of Action consists of 13 log frames, one for every Outcome. Each log frame provides a detailed overview of the planned activities or interventions. The following is an explanation of elements of the log frames as identified under each column. This is followed by the 13 log frames. Diagram A.1 – Identification of Columns of Implementation Log Frames PILAR 1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Indicator Baseline Target Target Year Outcome 1.1 Output 1.1.1 EC, World Bank, Australian DFAT, USAID 3,700,000 Activity 1.1.1.A Assess the implementation and recommend changes in the implementation of the exisitng national Development Strategic Plan periodically to ensure that it is pro-poor and gender sensitive with a recognition of women as farmers. Prime Minister's Office KONSSANTIL Ministries UNDP % of the total women and poor people have access to various development programs. NA 100% of women and poor are benefited 2016 TLSDP (2011-2030); National and Strategy Action Plan for Gender and Private Sector (NSAPGPS, 2014-2017). 200,000 Implementation from 2015 An enabling environment created for all people to enjoy their right to food. 100 PERCENT EQUITABLE ACCESS TO ADEQUATE, NUTRITIOUS AND AFFORDABLE FOOD ALL YEAR ROUND (= Government Pillar on No Hunger) Actions Poor and marginalized people have more diverse and more secure entitlements to food Link to Strategy/Policy Indicative Budget (US$) Remarks Responsible Government Agencies Development Partners Monitoring & Evaluation Coordinating Government Agencies COLUMN 1 – INDEX: Numeric labeling of Outcomes, Outputs and Activities COLUMN 2 – PLANNED ACTIVITIES: List of key activities of the Action Plan as identified under each Outcome and its respective Outputs. Activities are the logical intervention required to achieve overall impact of the Action Plan. Outcomes and Outputs are the statements of strategic objectives and results which define of a set of interventions activities or actions that are required. COLUMN 3 – RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: This is the list of government agencies that have overall responsibility for the focus activity. These agencies have the role of initiating the activity listed in Column 2, redefining the activity, and deciding on the methodology and mechanism that will be applied for the indicated focus action. COLUMN 4 – COORDINATING GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: These are the designated institutions for ensuring that planning, budgeting, reporting, and monitoring and evaluation are carried out in line with GOTL and development partner guidelines. COLUMN 5 – DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS: These are the agencies and institutions that will work with and assist GOTL and work to financially and technically support implementation of the indicated activities / interventions. The partners may be both directly or indirectly involved in the implementation of indicated focus activities. Partners included in this Action Plan are broadly categorized into: United Nations System agencies, bilateral cooperation agencies, Civil Society Organizations, the private sector and academics. COLUMN 6 – MONITORING AND EVALUATION (INDICATORS): These constitute the knowledge statement, usually defined in numbers (Nos. / #) and proportions (for example, percent/%, per 1,000, etc). The specified indicators are in line with the existing actions and may be representative of the overall impact of the identified intervention. COLUMN 7 – MONITORING AND EVALUATION (BASELINE): These constitute statements of verifiable current values and/or pre-operation values of the specified indicator. 29 COLUMN 8 – MONITORING AND EVALUATION (TARGET): This constitutes the specific, planned and expected level of the value of the identified indicator. They represent the result that is supposed to be achieved within the identified timeframe. The achievement or non-achievement of specified targets inform and help to orient agencies listed in column 3, 4 and 5 with regard to accomplishment of programme objectives. COLUMN 9 – TARGET YEAR: This is the year of anticipated end of activity funding and implementation. It is the year during the period of the Action Plan (2015-2025) in which the expected target is expected to have been achieved. COLUMN 10 – LINK TO STRATEGY/POLICY: This identifies some of the key existing national or sector policies, strategies, guidelines, manuals and documents that particularly support or are supported by the relevant activity/intervention. COLUMN 11 – INDICATIVE BUDGET: This reflects the total budgetary amount that is required for the implementation of the identified activity / intervention. During more detailed planning this total amount could be broken up into short term (2-3 years), medium term (4-5 years) and long term (6-10 years) spending perspectives. COLUMN 12 – REMARKS: This column indicates the timeframe of the respective activity. It commences with the year of initiation of any intervention and ends with the year of cessation of funding and other activities under the Action Plan. 44 ANNEX 2 - LIST OF INSTITUTIONS/AGENCIES INVOLVED IN FORMULATION OF PAN–HAM–TIL Government of Timor-Leste institutions/agencies Donors/development partner institutions/agencies  Parliament  Prime Minister Office  KONSSANTIL  Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries  Ministry of Health  Ministry of Social and Solidarity  Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Environment  Ministry of Education  Ministry of Finance  Ministry of Justice  Ministry of Public Works  Ministry of State Administration  Ministry of Transport and Communications  Ministry of Tourism  Secretary of State for Support and Promotion of the Private Sector  Secretary of State for the Promotion of Equality  Secretary of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy-SEPFOPE  Secretary of State for Land and Property  Secretary of State for Local Development  Secretary of State for Environment  Secretary of State of Cooperative  Secretary of State Water and Sanitation  All District Government representations International Donors Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) International Labor Organization (ILO) UN Education Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Health Organization (WHO) World Food Program (WFP) Asia Development Bank (ADB) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Population Programme (UNFPA) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) World Bank UN Women Other prominent stakeholders ACDI-VOCA Alola Foundation Australian DFAT Brazil Embassy Cardno Care International China Aid CI CRS DAI European Commission GIZ Global Fund, HIAM Health Hivos IMVF Instituto Camoes JICA Mercy Corps IMVF SOL NCBA New Zealand Aid NIWA Norwegian Embassy Oxfam PARCIC PEMSEA Portugal Embassy Rede ba Rai Oxfam World Vision Moris Rasik Tuba Rai Metin Thai Embassy Indonesian Embassy USAID USC Canada (Raebia) World Fish World Vision HASATIL Acknowledgement KONSSANTIL acknowledges the contributions by all officials in the above national and development partner institutions and agencies to the development of the National Action Plan for a Hunger and Nutrition Free Timor-Leste (Planu Asaun Nasional-Hakotu Hamlaha no Malnutrisaun iha Timor-Leste). FOREWORD MESSAGES CONTENTS ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS SECTION 1 OVERVIEW OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION 1.1 FOOD INSECURITY, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION CHALLENGE – GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES 1.2 FOOD INSECURITY, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION CHALLENGE – NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1.3 LAUNCH OF THE ZERO HUNGER CHALLENGE BY THE UNITED NATIONS AT GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS 1.4 GOVERNMENT OF TIMOR-LESTE RESPONSE – WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE 1.5 PROCESS AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM OF FORMULATION OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN SECTION 2 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE ACTION PLAN 2.1 OVERALL GOAL OF THE ACTION PLAN 2.2 PRIORITY AREAS OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN – FIVE PILLARS PILLAR 1 – 100% EQUITABLE ACCESS TO ADEQUATE NUTRITIOUS AND AFFORDABLE FOOD ALL YEAR ROUND PILLAR 2 – ZERO STUNTED CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE PILLAR 3 – ALL FOOD SYSTEMS ARE SUSTAINABLE PILLAR 4 – 100% INCREASE IN SMALLHOLDER PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME PILLAR 5 – ZERO LOSS OR WASTE OF FOOD 2.3 IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND COSTS SECTION 3 COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM 3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES 3.2 RESOURCES 3.3 IMPLEMENTATION TIMEFRAME 3.4 REPORTING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION ANNEX 1 - MATRIX OF OUTCOME, OUTPUT AND ACTIVITY LOG FRAMES ANNEX 2 - LIST OF INSTITUTIONS/AGENCIES INVOLVED IN FORMULATION OF PAN–HAM–TIL