Rwanda National Action Plan (2018-2022) for the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1325 (2000) and subsequent resolutions

1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................12 speaking and

1.2 NORMATIVE BASIS OF RNAP ......................................................................................................12 including civilians negotiation

1.3 NEED FOR A NEW ACTION PLAN FOR UNSRC 1325 ..................................................................14

1.4 ANTICIPATED FACTORS OF SUCCESS OF RNAP ........................................................................14 Gather and update on regular 446 II. BRIEF SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ..........................................................................................15 Conduct a survey to identify the 52% number of Rwandan women with 2.1 PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN IN DECISION-MAKING..................................15 basis information on Rwandan

2.2 PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND INVOLVEMENT IN CONFLICT PREVENTION AND PEACE PROCESSES ........................................................................................16 skills in public speaking and

2.3 PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM VIOLENCE ................................................................................17 women‟s participation in peace 2.4 EQUAL ACCESS TO MEANS OF RELIEF, ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION ....19

2.5 WOMEN’S PROMOTION AND GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN RWANDA’S FOREIGN negotiation, as well as needs and SERVICE, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION .................................................20 processes and operations III. OVERVIEW OF RWANDA NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE UNSCR 1325 priority (2018-2022) .....................................................................................................................................21

3.1 OVERVIEW OF THE RNAP DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ..............................................................21 47

3.2 RNAP PILLAR OBJECTIVES ..........................................................................................................22

3.3 COORDINATION, MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING OF THE RNAP................24 IV. RNAP RESULTS FRAMEWORK (2018 - 2022) ...................................................................27 596 60% KEY REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................50 _ _ 496 55% 546 57% 596 60% OP: PR: Every MIGEPR OF, MoD, OP: FFRP, PR: RPA, RNP, NWC and MIGEPR OF, MINAFFE year RDF, RCS, CCM CSOs T Once in two 4 years LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AfDB : African Development Bank AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Frequency of regional negotiations on peace on various issues of national AU : African Union and international BNR : Banque Nationale du Rwanda forums where Rwanda has been BPfA : Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action requested to share its CAP : Common African Position experience related to CCM : Centre for Conflict Management Women Peace and CEDAW : Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against and security policy interest with a focus on peace, Security Women Establish a mechanism to record CLADHO : Collectif des Ligues et Associations de Défense des Droits de l‟Homme the frequency of national, CRC : Convention on the Rights of the Child CPGL : Communauté des Pays des Grands Lacs regional and international settings issues security and cooperation issues COMESA : Common Market for Eastern and southern Africa where Rwanda shares experience CSOs : Civil Society Organizations CSW : Commission on the Status of Women in the area of women, peace and DFID : Department for International Development security EAC : East African Community EASF : Eastern Africa Standby Force 46 6times(AU At least 24 EDPRS : Economic Development and Poverty Reduction ,IPU,ICGR times Strategy , CSW, FBOs : Faith Based Organizations Kigali FFRP : Forum des Femmes Rwandaises Parlementaires Conventio delegations GBV : Gender Based Violence to internationa n l meetings GEWE : Gender Equality and Women‟s Empowerment for negotiations declaration on peace and security ) policy issues known by GMO : Gender Monitoring Office GRB : Gender Responsive Budgeting 2021 HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICGLR : International Conference on the Great Lakes Region n in OP: ICT : Information and Communication Technology officia MIGEPR l OF ILPD Institute of Legal Practice Development delega Immigrati tions on IPU : International Parliamentary Union to interna LAF : Legal Aid Forum tional meetin LGs : Local Governments gs for negoti MAJ : Maison d' Accès à la Justice ations on MDGs : Millennium Development Goals peace and MINEMA : Ministry in charge of Emergency Management securit y MIGEPROF : Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion policy OP: issues MINAFFET : Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Community known MINAFFE At least 8 At At PR: MINALOC : Ministry of Local Government times least 8 least 8 MIGEPR T times times OF, MINECOFIN : Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MINEDUC : Ministry of Education Every year 5 MINIJUST : Ministry of Justice Outcome 5: MoD : Ministry of Defence Increased women's MoH : Ministry of Health active participation in peace and MINICT : Ministry of ICT and Innovation security forums at NAP : National Action Plan regional and international NEC : National Electoral Commission levels. NGOs : Non-Government Organizations Proportion of women PILLAR V: WOMEN’S PROMOTION AND GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN RWANDA’S FOREIGN SERVICE AND NEPAD : New Partnership for Africa‟s Development Percentage of in refugee camps NIC : National Itorero Commission in official delegations women who report accessing NISR : National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda start ups for to international socio-economic NPPA : National Public Prosecutor‟s Authority and livelihood support meetings for NURC : National Unity and Reconciliation Commission disaggregated in cash and kind NWC : National Women‟s Council INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL COOPERATION IOSC : Isange One Stop Centres Elaborate and disseminate a Unknown Conduct a survey on access to 0 PFTH : Pro-Femmes Twese Hamwe camps PSF : Private Sector Federation start up opportunities for socio- RALGA : Rwanda Association of Local Government Authorities template for recording official RCA : Rwanda Cooperative Agency RCS : Rwanda Correctional Services economic and livelihood support Existence of a gender Hold a national workshop to None - - PR: Once RDF : Rwanda Defence Forces delegations to international and RDRC : Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Commission in refugee camps RECs : Regional Economic Communities RNAP : Rwanda National Action Plan regional meetings for negotiations RNP : Rwanda National Police 45 RWAMREC : Rwanda‟s Men Resources Centre mainstreaming advocate for the elaboration of a MINAFFE in five RWF : Regional Women Forum RWN : Rwanda Women Network SDGs : Sustainable Development Goals % of A gender 20% of - conducted mainstreami women in ng strategy SGBV : Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Rwandese in Rwanda‟s refugee women in internationa camps SACCO : Saving and Credit Cooperative l affairs acquired official available by start up ToR : Terms of Reference 2019 strategy in Rwanda‟s gender mainstreaming strategy in T years capital ToT : Training of Trainers - ToR A gender for the strategy TVET : Technical and Vocational Education Training strate in TWGs : Technical working Groups gy Rwanda‟s UNSCR : United Nations Security Council Resolution Data internatio 5% nal affairs UN : United Nations collection available UNHCR : United Nations High Commission for Refugees foreign and Rwanda‟s foreign and % of 5% UNICEF : United Nations Children‟s Fund Rwand ese UR : University of Rwanda wome UwA : Umugoroba w‟Ababyeyi 10% - WDA : Workforce Development Agency WPS : Women, Peace and Security cooperation policy cooperation policy OP: OP: MIGEPR MINICO A, RCA, OF FFRP, M RCA, BDF NWC, BDF RNP, RDF PR: Once and CSOs PR: Every MINEM every 2 MINAFFE year 6 T A yearS Output 4.3: Response recovery, relief and EXECUTIVE SUMMARY mechanisms and structures for peace building women and girls The Second Generation Action Plan (2018-2022) of UNSCR1325 builds upon the previous refugees' access to programs are experiences of implementation of NAP of 2009-2012 which provided a comprehensive post- socio-economic established services and rights conflict framework to the country for women‟s participation in peace and security processes and reinforced the fight against sexual and gender-based violence. Number of Percentage Number of relief trainings change in programs This NAP is inspired and aligned with national, regional and international instruments that conducted on maternal conducted with Government of Rwanda has committed to ensure gender equality and women empowerment. At women's income generating and mortality rate in the participation National level, laws such as Family law, matrimonial regimes, donations and successions and saving activities refugees camps of women National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) among others have been consulted in elaboration of NAP. At regional and international level, this NAP is aligned with the Universal Declaration of Train women on income Assess the existing skills and 0 Organize information exchange 0 Conduct awareness raising Advocate for the establishment Human Rights (UDHR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs), HeForShe Commitments and sessions about the access to of GBV response structures and the Beijing Platform for Action. The UNSCR 1325 is also reinforced by six subsequent resolutions and awareness raising sessions needs in income generating adopted by the Security Council and together they comprise the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda. the inclusion of women in generating activities in refugee existing socio-economic services on the causes of maternal It is worth emphasizing that this NAP was developed using participatory process that included activities in refugee camps; for both men and women refugee camps; nationwide consultations with government representatives, civil society, research institutions, mortality in refugee camps bilateral and multilateral partners. It was also fed by the 2015 evaluation of the previous NAP by 1 Women GMO. In addition, other data collection techniques include desk review that made use of emergency opportunity quantitative and qualitative sources from national, regional and global policy instruments, reports 44 center officially inaugurated actions training materials, public statements, funding and policy directives. One-to-one and group in March, 9th 2017 in Mahama refugee camp interviews were conducted with members of the NAP Steering Committee, and a wide range of Maintaine 0 d zero At least 2 - emergence stakeholders and experts in the field. maternity additional mortality rate in women opportunit actions are in place by This NAP highlighted achievements in promoting the role of women in conflict prevention, crisis refugee camp y centers 12 training 0 constructe on IGA 2022 and VSLAs manageme d in other refugee management and peace building activities where a robust legal and policy framework, as well as camps nt establishment of functional national and community-based structures enabled the country to achieve tangible results for gender promotion and women‟s empowerment and by today Rwanda‟s world record of 61% of women in parliament following the 2018 legislative elections, a mandatory 30% quota system and affirmative actions in the electoral law lay a strong foundation for women‟s 4 0 - participation in public life and empowerment. 8 0 and emerge nce However, challenges remain. An evaluation of the first NAP clearly shows that Rwandese women actions availed 1 are kept low in decentralized executive positions and Women are the majority is the so-called soft positions is still visible in the same entities. The same women are less represented in regional and international cooperation and security organs. 12 0 1 The NAP has also pointed out that though, „Isange‟ One Stop Centers have been established to OP: OP: OP: PR: RDRC provide a comprehensive service package to victims of GBV, including medical, legal and MINEM A, UNHCR MIGEPR MINEM MINEM PR: OF, psychosocial support free of charge, under the same roof, some challenges are still undermining MINICO M UNHCR, A MINEC the functioning of these centers, such as limited funds, limited training and insufficient number of Once OFIN, every two CSOs Annuall PR: Twice a y yearS MoH year 7 service providers. Also problematic is the reintegration of victims of sexual violence when they are back to their respective communities. Output 4.2: Gender integrated programs for In the coming 5-year period (2018-2022), Rwanda‟s WPS agenda will address five overarching inclusion and pillars as informed by challenges as highlighted: participation of women in Pillar I: Participation and Leadership of Women in Decision-Making humanitarian, early Ensuring women’s active involvement in state building helps lay the foundations for an Availability of Develop a gender mainstreaming Number of in refugee camps environment that supports women and girls’ human rights and gender equality. awareness sessions on Participation goes beyond political participation, and includes civil, social and economic gender strategy for humanitarian and government participation too. Under this pillar, the Government of Rwanda will expand the potential programs for for an inclusive society and sustainable development by continuing to champion women’s returnees carried mainstreaming emergency actions out active and meaningful participation in all peace and security matters. This will involve taking a longer-term grassroots perspective, addressing the underlying causes of barriers Advocate for a comprehensive Organize regular sessions to emergency funds for quick strategies for to women’s formal participation, through giving them the space and opportunities to build program for induction of raise awareness of returnees on their skills and networks and to work with men to influence decision-making. humanitarian and Outcome Objective: Meaningful and increased participation of women at decision- returnees including aspects of various government programs recovery of victims of GBV emergence making levels in all institutions and mechanisms of governance, in particular at local levels gender equality, women focusing on gender equality, Output Objectives: actions empowerment and GBV GBV and related programs;  Increased and influence of women in local governance institutions Gender Unknown mechanisms 43 mainstreami ng  Increased participation and influence of women at strategic levels in the guidelines for forces (defence, police and correctional services); humanitaria n and  Mechanisms for women’s participation in economic structures are Gender - 16 strengthened mainstrea ming awareness Pillar II: Prevention of Violence against Women and Involvement in Conflict strategies sessions for by 2022 Prevention humanitari an and 4 The Government of Rwanda committed to improve intervention strategies in the prevention of violence against women, including engaging more substantially the community and especially men as well as strengthening community institutional capacities to prevent - 6 violence. Outcome Objective: Increased efforts in conflict and SGBV prevention at the local level Gender mainstr 6 eaming Output Objectives: strategi es for humani tarian  Increased public awareness on GBV issues - 16  Improved accountability mechanisms for GBV at the local level  Gender responsive early warning and conflict prevention mechanisms established OP: MoH, MINEM A, MIGEPR UNHCR, CSOs, MINEC OF, OFIN, MINIJU STF RDRC, PR: MINEM A, OP: UNHCR, MIGEPR OF, UNHCR, Plan internatio Once nal every Rwanda five PR: Four years 8 MIGEPR times a OF year Pillar III: Protection From Violence Under this pillar, the Government of Rwanda will strengthen and enhance multi-sectorial services at all levels that protect women and girls’ safety, physical and mental health, education and economic security. Availability of humanitaria Outcome Objective: Effective and operational Isange One Stop Centres across the funds allocated n settings country that provide free and comprehensive services to SGBV victims for quick (Nutrition and food Output Objectives: recovery projects distribution,  Improved capacity of the legal/justice sector in the management of sexual of GBV victims shelter, violence cases; health, Document the current state of 0 wash,  Increased accountability of IOSCs in providing timely and comprehensive protection services access to recovery projects for including Pillar IV: Equal Access to Means of Relief, Economic Recovery and Rehabilitation SGBV and victims of GBV in refugee child abuse, Women and girls face specific challenges during humanitarian settings and emergencies; education, they are often the main users of public services as a result of their domestic and care livelihood, camps; responsibilities, including sexual and reproductive services. In addition, women and NFIs) children make up the vast majority of displaced and vulnerable populations and are Number of Organize outreach health visits TBD Advocate for establishment of particularly vulnerable to hunger, disease, sexual and gender-based violence and forced outreach to improve access in refugee programs carried camps prostitution. This pillar seeks to strengthen Rwanda supported humanitarian response and 42 out for healthcare efforts in accordance with security needs and priorities of women, girls and the refugee access in refugee communities at large. camps Outcome Objective: Increased accountability for gender in humanitarian assistance At least 12 2 with considerati including disarmament and demobilization programs and economic reconstruction efforts in Rwanda such on security to programs needs and priorities are of women, girls and conducted the up to 2022 refugee Output Objectives: in each communiti es at large. refugee  Functional mechanisms for relief, recovery and rehabilitation of women camp 100,000,0 10M 00 Frw Frw refugees in Rwanda;  Gender integrated programs for inclusion and participation of women in 40M 4 humanitarian, early recovery, relief and peace building programs are Frw established  Reinforce response mechanisms and structures for women's access to socio- economic services and rights 50 M 100 M PR: 4 Pillar V: Women’s Promotion and Gender Mainstreaming in Rwanda’s Foreign Service and International and Regional Cooperation Frw Frw MINEM 2 This pillar provides a distinctive dimension to RNAP that seeks to share with neighboring states and African regions and sub-regions some of the successful approaches as well as A, OP: OP: PR: MINEM A, MoH, best practices to championing the WPS agenda. Under this pillar, Rwanda will strengthen its UNHCR, CSOs advocacy and diplomacy ties with the EAC, EASF, ICGLR, AU and UN forums; UNSCR work will be reflected through the work of many of its divisions including Rwanda’s Every two Annuall years y 9 Permanent Missions to the UN in New York and the AU. Output 4.1: Mechanisms for Outcome Objective: Policy frameworks to support effective participation of women in relief, economic recovery, regional and international peace processes are developed rehabilitation and reintegration of Output Objectives: women and men refugees in Rwanda  Institutional capacity is strengthened to ensure that commitments to are functional UNSCR 1325 and related resolutions are incorporated and acted upon Percentage of  Inclusion and active engagement of women in regional and international males females and who Number of Implement a gender assessment gender needs of living standards in emergency report to have mechanisms and forums for conflict prevention, management and peace access to Means of Relief, building assessment and humanitarian settings Economic Recovery and Rehabilitation  Strengthened responsiveness of Rwandan forces to address SGBV. action during emergency and within (demobilization and humanitarian  Research and documentation carried out to understand the needs of women settings. humanitarian reintegration centers; refugee and girls within the WPS agenda Advocate for more gender settings carried camps…); Coordination, monitoring, Evaluation and reporting of the RNAP responsive humanitarian settings out (using the Gender Marker Establish a forum bringing Conduct a study on access to Effective coordination will be necessary for successful implementation of the RNAP at local and tool) together various organizations national levels. The MIGEPROF, as the institution responsible for the promotion of gender means of relief, economic intervening in humanitarian equality and women‟s empowerment in national development, will provide overall coordination of recovery and rehabilitation settings and gender machinery to the RNAP. The Ministry will liaise with all stakeholders to ensure that the expected outcomes of actions during emergency and monitor progress in a the RNAP are realised. Overall coordination of RNAP work will be carried out through the Ministry‟s National Working humanitarian situations collaborative way; Group, under which two specific National Technical Working Groups (TWGs) fall, namely the 1 100 percent , 1996 gender 2 gender Since, 1 - 1 PR: once in Gender and Women Empowerment and the Child and Family Protection and Promotion. 41 females and needs males have access toneeds MINEM three basic assessment assessmen response actions initiated in A years RNAP coordination mechanism conducted t Rwanda for emergence and in 100 conducted OP: November within MIGEPR percent of support Structure Composition Chair Core Functions Assembling provided to both 2016 humanitari OF, female and male The MIGEPROF, MINAFFET, Honorable - Overall Twice a year to have access on humanitari an an settings RDRC, Steering MoD, MINIJUST, MINALOC, Minister response coordination and by 2022 UNHCR, and efforts Committee1 MINECOFIN, MoH, GMO, of monitoring of UN FFRP, NWC, NPPA, RNP, MIGEPR the Women, RIB,RCS, NURC, NHRC, OF UNICEF implementation , PLAN Rwanda Demobilization and INTERN Reintegration Commission - Strategic ATIONA (RDRC), CCM, UN Women, direction and L the ICGLR National decision making 100 100 100 100 PR: Annuall Coordination Mechanism, Pro- percent percent percent percent MINEM y Femmes Twese Hamwe, of of of of A, support support support suppor CLADHO and the Media High provide provided provide t OP: Council d to to both d to provid MIGEPR Friends of Ministries and Government Rotating - Assessing Quarterly both female both ed to OF, 1325 Institutions including on a progress made, female and male female both RDRC, Group MIGEPROF, GMO,RIB RNP, quarterly challenges and and and female UNHCR, male male and Plan male internatio 1 The composition and functions of the Steering Committee will be the same as those of the first framework nal 10 Rwanda The RNAP is a living document; therefore yearly action plans will be developed, monitored and strategies to address reported on in relation to the RNAP‟s five pillars. A comprehensive M&E framework will be challenges Country progress reporting Linkages with the 2 TWGs - - elaborated by TWGs with clear indicators and milestones against which progress will be assessed. Donors such as the Swedish basis 11 Embassy, DFID, the World Bank, UN Women, CSOs such Regular monitoring will also enable stakeholders to update, improve and adapt the action plans as as PFTH, CARE and individual experts on the UNSCR 1325 framework. contexts change. services RNP, availabl NPPA e Number of sector Elaborate an advocacy plan for 462 health 466 462 466 466 466 PR: Annuall health centres the establishment in the sector centers MoH y with basic health centres of basic GBV provide services for services; basic OP: SGBV response services for MIGEPR train selected staff in GBV case SGBV OF management NWC and CSOs PILLAR IV: EQUAL ACCESS TO MEANS OF RELIEF, ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION OF WOMEN, GIRLS AND THE REFUGEE COMMUNITIES AT LARGE Outcome 4: Percentage of Organize visits to various Unknown 80% 70% 73% 75% 80% PR: Annuall Accountability for women and men emergency and humanitarian MINEM y gender in who report settings (demobilization and A humanitarian improved living reintegration centers; refugee assistance including conditions in camps…) in the country to learn OP: disarmament and emergency about the living standards; MIGEPR demobilization settings and OF, programs and humanitarian UNHCR, economic Immigrat reconstruction ion efforts is ensured office 40 I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background st On 31 October 2000, the United Nations Security Council adopted 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. The Resolution (UNSCR 1325) recognizes the needs, rights, experiences and role of Operational GBV Set a clear roadmap for the HMIS for Number of safe Assess the functionality of the 2 safe 10 safe 2 women in the areas of armed conflict, peacemaking and peacekeeping and provides for the active Availability of functional referral participation of women in all aspects of conflict prevention, peace negotiations, peace building and mechanism post-war reconstruction. (which includes MIS for data finalization of a GBV MIS; GBV data Standards Operating The resolution that acknowledges the disproportionate impact of conflict on women and the role Procedures) they play in processes calls upon all member states to acknowledge the role of women during collection and collection advocate for their scaling up and Update and upgrade the GBV Assess the functionality of the Referral conflict prevention, management and resolution, peace building and reconciliation processes and take measures to develop and implement NAPs as practical and operational tools that commit and secure funding for the Women Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. Subsequent Resolutions 1820 referral mechanism by houses that are existing safe houses for victims houses houses devise strategies to raise analysis available Train potential district relevant for only current GBV referral system (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106, 2122 (2013), and 2242 (2015) reinforce, renew, and supplement provisions of UNSCR 1325. In sum, these resolutions aim to strengthen developing and disseminating awareness of the population staff and local GBV duty bearers health women‟s participation in decision making, end sexual violence and impunity, provide the Standards Operating mechanism, and identify available accountability systems, affirm the centrality of gender equality and women‟s political, social, and about their existence economic empowerment in efforts to prevent sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict Procedures on how to use the GBV MIS services situations and call for greater integration by member states and the UN of their agendas on WPS in preventing and countering violent extremism, which can be conducive to terrorism. challenges; operational of GBV; constructed available

1.2 Normative basis of RNAP 39 Prior to UNSCR 1325, there were many other resolutions, treaties, conventions, statements and Operation HMIS reports on: women, children and armed conflict; the protection of civilians in armed conflict; and al GBV for A SOP A A A PR: the prevention of armed conflict - all of which formed the basis for the United Nations Resolution MIS by GBV functional develop function functio functio MIGEPR on Women, Peace and Security. These previous conventions, though not directly addressing 2020 data collecti referral ed and al nal nal OF women, became an integral part of the Women, Peace and Security policy framework. Subsequent on for UNSC resolutions and declarations and the Sustainable Development Goals (specifically Goal 5 only system as approve referral referral referral and Goal 16) clarified the critical link among gender equality, security, development, and human health per SOP in d system system system OP: rights. Since the adoption of UNSCR 1325, six other relevant resolutions on Women, Peace and GBV place as per as per as per MoH, Security have been adopted: UNSCR 1820 (June 2008); UNSCR 1888 (September 2009); UNSCR MIS 1889 (October 2009); UNSCR 1960 (December 2010); UNSCR 2061 (June 2013) and UNSCR develope d SOP SOP SOP MINIJU 2122 (October 2013). The subsequent resolutions, among other things, address the issue of sexual Operati availed availed availed ST, or other violence against women in conflict, either when used systematically to achieve military or onal GBV RNP, political ends or opportunistically arising from cultures of impunity. UNSCR 1889 calls for the MIS NPPA establishment of global indicators on UNSCR 1325 and reiterates its mandate to increase women‟s Operat participation. It also amplifies calls for mainstreaming gender perspectives in all decision-making ional GBV and MIS processes, especially in the early stages of post-conflict peace building. CSOs OP: 5 7 10 PR: MINIJU At regional level, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples‟ Rights on the Rights ST, MoH, NPPA RNP, of Women in Africa (2003) is the regional instrument most relevant to the implementation of RHA PR: GMO Once every UNSCR 1325. The protocol identifies African women‟s right to peace, inclusion in peace OP: five years Annuall MIGEPR Every processes, and protection from violence during situations of conflict. The protocol calls upon OF, MoH, two years y NISR, 12 member states of the African Union to ensure women‟s participation in conflict prevention, Output 3.2: management, and resolution at local, national, regional, continental, and international levels. Accountability of Article 11 addresses issues pertaining to various forms of violence, rape, and other forms of sexual IOSCs in providing exploitation. The African Women‟s Decade 2010-2020 is the AU‟s implementation framework, timely and which envisages to advancing gender equality through the fast tracking of the implementation of comprehensive global and regional decisions on gender equality and women‟s empowerment. Related to that is the services improved AU five- year (2015-2020) Gender, Peace and Security Program, which serves as a framework for the development of effective strategies and mechanisms for women‟s increased participation in the Number of Map the functioning services in 196 staff 322 Percentage of men and women promotion of peace and security. It is also designed to enhance protection of women in conflict and who report post-conflict situations in Africa. receiving service providers the Isange One Stop Centers and trained on satisfactory legal At the sub-regional level, women‟s role in peace processes and protection from violence are aid provided for by the Pact on Security, Stability, and Development in the Great Lakes Region (2006) trained in their special skills for different staff Multi- of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR), the Protocol on the Produce advocacy papers from Conduct a satisfaction survey 68.4% Prevention and Suppression of Sexual Violence against Women and Children (2006) and the Kampala declaration on Sexual and Gender Based Violence (2011) among other instruments. areas of work members per service disciplinary At the national level, RNAP takes basis about legal aid among the In October 2015, the world celebrated the 15th for the following core instruments on the satisfaction survey findings Treatment anniversary of the UNSCR 1325. While this event equality and the prevention and noticed encouraging progress, it also showed that response to GBV: of victims  The Constitution of the Republic victims of GBV; women participation in peace processes is still low. of Rwanda of 2003 as revised in Overall, women represent 4% of peace negotiators, 2015 provides for equal right of GBV and 38 2,4% of mediators 9 % of peace accords witnesses. between women and men; guarantees women at least 30 child abuse percent of the posts in decision- services making organs; targeting in particular  The Law No 32/2016 of 28/08/2016 governing Persons and Family stipulates that the spouses have equal rights on Management of the household; rural areas 85% of 72% women and men having  The Law Nº68/2018 of 30/08/2018 determining offences and penalties in general provide reported 196 satisfactio n of legal punishment of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in all its forms; aid  National Gender Policy (2010) that focuses on promotion of gender equality and equity 301 75% through a clearly defined process for mainstreaming gender needs and concerns across all sectors of development;  National Policy against Gender Based violence (2011) that provides for elimination of 315 GBV through the development of a preventive, protective, supportive and transformative 80% environment. 322 85% aid service s OP: OP: PR: MIGEPR ILDP, OF, School of MINIJU MINIJU ST, RNP Law/UR, ST, Bar Associati on, LAF Every and other two CSOs PR: Annuall years MoH, y 13

1.3 Need for a new action plan for UNSRC 1325 Fifteen years after the adoption of UNSCR 1325, women in peace play little role in peace processes worldwide due to persistent structural and conjectural factors. In 2009, Rwanda developed a 3 year country specific National Action Plan (NAP) for the implementation of the UNSCR 1325. The NAP provided a comprehensive post-conflict framework to the country for women‟s participation in peace and security processes and the fight against sexual and gender- based violence Existence of The NAP framework was in line with various conventions, treaties and protocols of the African effective state- Union and the International Community that Rwanda has ratified. funded program non legal aid for This second action plan is recognition that further efforts should be deployed to ensure improved victims of GBV participation of Rwandese women in peace processes. RNAP also is a tool to consolidate existing efforts to enhance women‟s position and role as decision-makers in conflict prevention, crisis Document existing good Rudimental management and peace building activities. It gives additional value to these activities in a more practices on provision of legal legal aid concrete, consistent and unambiguous manner and is in conformity with the implementation of the aid to vulnerable victims of system Beijing Platform for Action strategy objective on Women Peace and conflict resolution and GBV; (ratio of management. advocates in Produce policy briefs on the rural areas

1.4 Anticipated factors of success of RNAP necessity of legal aid to where most vulnerable victims of GBV; legal aid The effective implementation of RNAP is dependent on the following factors: recipients Advocate for effective are stand at  Continued political will towards compliance with Rwanda‟s gender equality and human functioning of the pro-poor fund 15%) rights commitments at international, regional and sub-regional levels; 37 to provide legal aid to vulnerable  Specific capacity building activities to ensure Rwandese women are conceptually equipped victims of GBV and skilled to effectively prevent and respond to gender based violence and consistently pursue the principle of zero-tolerance of cases GBV; Advocate Advocate for the establishm for a ent of a coordinati  Specific training to empower Rwandese women in conflict analysis, conflict prevention, on mechanis funding m designed to develop mechanis policies conflict management and peace processes; and m for legal procedures of administer aid ing legal aid  Specific policies to increase the number of females in security and justice organs; services Rudime  Regular review of national security and defense sector policies to ensure alignment with ntal Legal aid system (ratio of advocat es rural in global and national commitments; areas where most legal aid recipien ts are located  Ownership of the RNAP by relevant stakeholders to ensure its incorporation in their at 15%) Rudime ntal individual action plans; legal aid system (ratio of advocate s in rural areas  Allocation of human, financial and material resources towards the implementation of where most legal aid recipient s locatedare RNAP as well as effective coordination. at 15%) Advoca cy strategy for the funding mechan ism for legal aid services targetin g in particul ar rural areas Advoc acy strateg y develo ped for the establi shment of a coordi nation mecha nism design ed to develo p policie s and proced ures of admini stering legal OP: ILDP, School PR: on, LAF MINIJU of Law/UR, Bar and other ST, Associati CSOs on, LAF and other CSOs Once every five years 14 II. BRIEF SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS The UNSCR 1325 has been acclaimed as a landmark with respect to its recognition of and promise to address women‟s experiences of armed conflict. Building and making reference on international human rights and humanitarian law relevant to peace and security as well as women‟s human rights, UNSCR 1325 attends to the rising targeting of girls and women during armed conflict; the impact of armed conflict on girls and women, including internally displaced persons and refugees; Number of IOSC the roles of women in the prevention and management of armed conflict; and the effective programs aired on that are participation of women in decision-making and all peace processes. Additionally, UNSCR 1325 adequately staffed and fully functional preservation of (including efficiency services, available of safe notes the need for data; institutional arrangements; and training focused on protection, women‟s evidence of rape special needs and human rights. In relation to UNSCR 1325 and subsequent resolutions, Rwanda rooms, equipment, etc) Availability of has achieved commendable progresses, but there still challenges as summarized below per pillar. adequate legal aid and sexual abuse system for rapid response to GBV case management at grass-root level

2.1 Participation and leadership of women in decision-making Analyze the situation pertaining MAJ at Continuou Continu Continu Continu Contin Organize trainings for Isange Conduct a situation analysis for 28 Participation of women in leadership and decision-making organs is enshrined in the Constitution One Stop Centers‟ staff; all the Isange One Stop Centers; of the Republic of Rwanda, of June 2003 as revised in 2015. The Constitution represents a turning to existing system (including District s best ous ous best ous uous point for more gender equality in Rwanda. It provides for a minimum 30% quota for women in all Conduct needs assessment for decision-making organs. Following this provision, women‟s participation has kept improving over Advocate for better equipment legal aid) for a rapid response to level, Para- practice best practice best best the years. For instance, following the 2018 parliamentary elections, Rwanda is currently leading the Isange One Stop Centers the world with61.3% of members of parliament (low chamber) being women. This representation of Isange One Stop Centers stood at 56.4% between 2008 and 2013. In the Senate, women constitute 38%. In the executive cases of GBV at the grass-root legal from based practice based practice practic staff; branch, women‟s representation in decision-making organs looks as follows: they represent 50% in ministerial positions; 41.1% of Permanent Secretaries and 37.2% of Director Generals/Chief level NGOs training based training based e based 36 Executive officers/Executive Secretaries of public institutions. 2 At the provincial and decentralized level, women presence in leadership positions has increased in initially annually training annually training trainin some positions while it decreased in others. Women governors have shifted from 60% in March 46 5 media 5 2016 to 20% in September 2017. Women represent 45.2% of the district Consultative Councils, programs 40.9% of district Councils Executive Secretaries and only 23.3% of district Mayors. At the district trained conducted, annuall conducte annuall g level, there is a tendency for women to find themselves is so-called “soft positions”, perpetuating per year 44 therefore the biased beliefs that women are good at some responsibilities while they are not at y d, y annuall others. For instance, women represent 20% of the district Vice-Mayors in charge of economic affairs and 76.7% of those in charge of social affairs. In additional, the overall trend is that 44 5 women‟s representation in decision-making positions lowers as we go from central level to conduct conduct y decentralized one. Women represent respectively 7%, 11% and 35% of the district, sector and cell Executive Secretaries. ed, ed, conduc 45 5 While women representation has remained high in the In the judicial sector, women‟s representation presents a fluctuating Parliaments and cabinet positions, it went fluctuating ted, 46 5 trend. Whereas Women Court in the judiciary and kept low in decentralized executive Presidents represent 26%, Female positions. Women are the majority is the so-called soft courts Vice President Represent 28%, Female Judges and clerks represent OP: PR: OP: MoH, ILDP, MIGEPR School MINIJU MINAL positions are still visible in the same entities. 50%,3 Female represent 48% of other of OF, OC Law/UR, RNP, MIGEPR Bar ST, NPPA, OF Associati CSOs NPPA RBA 2 National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, National gender statistics report, September 2016. Every PR: Every two MoH, two 3 Judiciary Annual Report 2016-2017 years years 15 staff under secretariat general in Judiciary courts. Female Career prosecutors in National Public Output 3.1: Pillar III: Protection from Sexual and Gender Based Violence Prosecution Authority represent 62.5% while in Ombudsman staff, female represent 55.7% Capacity of the legal/justice sector

2.2 Prevention of violence against women and involvement in conflict prevention and peace in the management of Gender Based Outcome 3: Percentage of Conduct a satisfaction survey 65.7 processes Violence cases Improved Rwanda has made significant progress in relation to the prevention of SGBV. In addition to laws and policies mentioned above, the country has established an institutional framework designated Number of Number of Isange One Stop targeted about service delivery in Isange specialized for the implementation of legal and policy provisions. Legal and policy changes in place in awareness raising training geared in Rwanda represent themselves a decisive step towards gender creating a more conducive community collecting, preserving and environment for the prevention of and fight against SGBV. meetings and Center quality beneficiaries One Stop Centers among interpreting GBV radio/TV evidence At the national level, a fourfold institutional structure, known as “Gender machineries”, having Conduct trainings for lawyers, well-defined and complementary responsibilities has been put in place to ensure translation of Analyze the situation pertaining Service Delivery expressing selected SGBV victims legal provisions and policy objectives into effect. At the grass root level, community structures prosecutors, and judges in GBV have been established, including the community policing and the Child Protection Committees and related instruments, GBV to GBV understanding, skills, (CPC) from the village to the district level. Their main purpose is to raise awareness among the equipment, and case investigation, evidence ensured satisfaction about population on equal rights between men and women, boys and girls, on the forms of SGBV and its preservation, interpretation and management of the judicial consequences and on the reporting and referral process in case of rape or any other SGBV related abuse. Further initiatives bringing together men and women to discuss issues of interest, including case management chain; SGBV, and the protection of children are in place at the community level. The „Parent‟s evening‟, Air radio and TV programs on Unknown IOSCs services or Umugoroba w’Ababyeyi in national Legal and policy frameworks to prevent GBV are language, and the Inshuti z’Umuryango GBV evidence preservation 1 (Forensic 4 (in- targeting particularly rape and evidence depth in place. Community structures such as (IzU) or friends of family, are becoming a 35 collection (ToT) interview techniques other forms of sexual abuse Umugoroba w’Ababyeyi and Inshuti z’Umuryango prominent mechanism to prevent violent , medical- legal, Forensic family conflicts, including those related to evidence are increasingly gaining reputation. But their SGBV, protect children and report abuses collection, judicial psycholog 80% effectiveness requires more ownership by men and and discuss ways to handle them. y) At least 1 2022 communit capacity building for their members. y meeting by 67% per cell 200 Forensi In-depth c intervie Despite remarkable efforts, GBV is still a serious issue. The Rwanda Demographic Health survey evidenc w (90) 2014/15 shows that domestic violence is prevalent and that it has several consequences to the victims, e their families and the society at large. Violence cases have increasingly been reported in the recent 1032 70% collecti on (120 past and one can attribute that awareness raising activities. Rwanda DHS 2014/15 indicates that 35% trained) of women and 39 % of men aged between 15-49 have ever experienced physical violence while respectively 22% women and 5% men have ever experienced sexual violence. In total, 20.7% of 1590 Medica Judicia 75% women have experienced sexual violence from a current of former intimate partner the 12 months that l- legal l preceded the DHS. (90) psycho 2148 logical 80% Rwanda DHS further highlights other forms of violence for example, economic related issues where (90) women do not have control over their own hard earnings where only 20 percent of women decide for OP: PR: OP: OP: PR: CSOs MIGEPR MoH, themselves how to spend their earnings, 68 percent make joint decisions with their husbands and only MINIJU ST, OF, MINIJU GMO, RGB, NISR, CSOs GMO 12 percent reported that decisions on how to spend earning are mainly made by their husbands. CGS, ST NPPA, PR: MINIJU ST ILPD Annuall Annuall Every two years 16 y y Despite an increase in reporting cases GBV, studies unanimously show that reporting of GBV; Output 2.3: particularly sexual violence is still low due to economic and cultural factors and ignorance.4 Gender responsive In addition, the coordination of GBV prevention efforts has remained problematic, leading to under- early warning and coverage of some areas of the country, particularly remote rural areas. conflict prevention mechanisms The involvement of Rwandese women in conflict prevention and peace processes is very active at strengthened the grass root and lower levels while it has remained less visible at regional and international Number of levels. In this regard, women represent 50% of the total community mediators (Abunzi) and 48% Number of Train local leaders and 446 Availability and Establish a gender responsive 0 women and men of the total MAJ staff. trained on conflict With regard to security and peace, women representation is still low though efforts to increase functionality of data base for effective conflict their numbers are under way. In the army, women represent over 4.6% 5 of the total. For the women and men community members in GBV prevention at local level participation in peace keeping missions, the rate of women‟s participation increased from 0.4% to database for grass prevention at local level 3% between 2010 and 2016. The proportion of women in Rwanda National Police (RNP) Train local leaders and Unkown increased 16 % in 2014 to 21% in 2018. trained on GBV prevention and response root early Some female Rwandan In 2015, Rwanda was the second highest contributor of community members in conflict peacekeepers have been engaged prevention and female police peacekeepers. However, women are still in peace support operations warning under-represented in national security organs. There is a (PSO) in South Sudan, Darfur, analysis, prevention and the Central African Republic, need to engender recruitment, retention and advancement Mali and Haiti, among others. In mechanism response policies within security organs in order to increase the role 2015, the government of Rwanda management; of women in national and international peace and security was the second highest contributor of female police agenda. 34 officers worldwide and the first highest contributor of female police officers in Africa. In Rwanda Correctional Services (RCS), the numbers of women went 2148 (1 Per 200 150 annually Database for 0 fluctuating. In 2008, RCS‟ personnel was made of 71% of men for 29% women compared to 88 % grass root of men for 22% women in 2011; 66% of men for 34% of women in 2012 and 87% of men for 13% early warning cell) of women in 2013. In 2017, RCS totals 1694 staff of whom 419 (24.7%) are females. From the mechanism start to December 04th, 2017, a total of 70 RCS personnel were involved in UN peace missions of 596 whom 21 are female (30%) and women represent 28.7 % of those in peace missions in 2017.6

2.3 Protection of women from violence 1032 746 0 Rwanda has adopted a comprehensive approach of protection that aims strengthening access to justice while promoting gender equality. This approach is a fundamental element to break the 1590 896 1 circle of poverty and ensure the protection and promotion of human rights. The evaluation of the first NAP found that GoR‟s approach to protection of women from violence strives to remedy structural causes of gender inequality and discrimination. The approach focuses on addressing gaps 2148 1046 1 in policy, legal frameworks and practices that have traditionally made it difficult for women to OP: OP: PR: Annuall OP: MIGEPR NWC, CSOs MINAL PR: Once ST, 4 See for instance Pro-Femmes Twese Hamwe, Situational awareness on services delivered to the victims of GBV OF, PR: OC CSOs MIGEPR every MINAL NURC, and services provided in Isange One Stop Centers in Rwanda, Kigali, 2014; Care International Rwanda, CCM OC, RGB MIGEPR y NWC, Sexual and gender based violence baseline study in Gakenke and Gatsibo districts, Kigali, February 2014. OF five 5RDF administrative data 2018 Annuall years OF 6 RCS, Official records on correctional officers, Kigali, December 2017. y 17 perform to their full potential in social, economic and political spheres. There are policies, laws, and institutions to protect women‟s rights. Output 2.2: Accountability In this regard, Rwanda has ratified a number of key international instruments on protection of mechanisms for GBV prevention by women from violence. local leaders and community Key instruments include, but are not limited to: members improved  Universal Declaration of human Rights (1948); Number of Increase of men‟s Conduct specific sensitization Number Umugoroba  International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966); service providers (UwA) with skills on w'ababyeyi  International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966); effectively SGBV and functional  Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discriminations Against Women (CEDAW, participation in campaigns targeting men to conflict 1979); prevention of Assess the functioning of 9025 by  Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989). Conduct capacity and needs 1,324  United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (1994). UwA increase their participation in  Beijing Platform for Action (1995);  United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000); assessment of SGBV service and ownership of Umugoroba Umugoroba w‟Ababyeyi in all 2015/16 Rwanda is also signatory to many regional commitments, such as The African Charter on Human providers in SGBV case and People‟s Rights (1986), the Maputo Protocol, (2003); w‟Ababyeyi The ICGLR Protocol on violence against women and children (2006), the Goma Declaration (2008) and Kampala Declaration on SGBV (2011). At the international level, similar progress has management and conflict the villages of Rwanda been made. prevention and management Low men‟ Increase in  The Constitution of Rwanda (2003) as amended to date enshrines the country‟s adherence 33 participati men‟s to the principle of equal rights between men and women. For instance, it provides that on participation women should occupy for at least 30% of positions in decision-making organs;  Accordingly, the Organic law N° 10/20/2013/OL of 11/07/2013 governing political parties in UwA 3322 by 2022 and politicians and Organic law N 001/2018 of 25/03/2018 governing elections ensure that every year in 14,837 in decision making structures of the government at least 30% of position should be every single reserved to women. village  Law Nº32/2016 of 28/08/2016 governing persons and family and Law Nº27/2016 of Increa 14,83 se in men‟s partici 08/07/2016 governing matrimonial regimes pation in UwA 7 every year donations and successions equally provide for The approach of Rwanda to protection in every single villag e 1,936 gender equality in property and inheritance from violence focuses on addressing 2,398 Increase Increas Increas 14,837 in men‟s e in e in rights between men and women, boys and gaps in policy, legal frameworks and participa men‟s men‟s girls…(art. 54 of succession law and art .218 tion in particip partici practices that have traditionally made UwA ation in pation of family law); 2,860 14,837 every UwA in  Law N° 43/2013 of 16/06/2013 governing land it difficult for women to perform to year in every UwA every year in every in Rwanda sets equal land right between men their full potential in social, economic single every year in and women; boys and girls; 3,322 14,837 village single every and political spheres. village single  The Law Nº68/2018 of 30/08/2018 village determining offences and penalties in general OP: PR: Every OP: article 133, 137 &134 provide punishment of Gender-Based Violence in all its forms MoH; NWC, Districts, PR: Every including sexual violence. MINIJU CSOs MIGEPR year NWC, MIGEPR year Every MIGEPR year OF OF OF UwA LGs 18

2.4 Equal access to means of relief, economic recovery and rehabilitation Relief, recovery and rehabilitation apply to vulnerable groups, including ex-combatants, refugees and victims of GBV. In all these areas, the GoR has made encouraging progress despite persistent challenges. Number of men Sensitize boys and men to join 120, 336 Number of Organize specific sensitization 0 Number of GBV The Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (RDRC) is mandated to ensure that all the demobilized ex-combatants (XCs) are socially and economically reintegrated successfully prevention into their communities of return. The RDRC‟s approach is noticeably gender sensitive. Female ex- programs aired on outreach campaigns for boys and men to combatants are screened by fellow women. Exclusive safety and sanitation facilities are provided and boys that the HeForShe campaign to radio/TV per year to female ex-combatants during their stay at the demobilization centers. During the Pre-discharge Orientation Program (PDOP), a special session is held exclusively for female ex-combatants on campaigns encourage them to actively Air radio programs on the 100 specific issues concerning women. Female ex-combatants receive similar and equal benefits like their male counterparts. participate in the promote positive masculinity various forms of GBV, their year targeting men and participate in community anti- The demobilization and reintegration programme has further provided Vulnerability Support window Grants to all female ex-combatants. RDRC provides a disability allowances to the impact and the role expected boys carried out GBV structures, including HeForShe disabled ex-combatants and a specialized reinsertion support to child ex-combatants, including psychosocial support, recreational opportunities, literacy and numeric education to mention abut a from each community member few. The GoR approved a monthly subsistence allowances for vulnerable ex-combatants living Umugoroba w‟Ababyeyi with disability. The allowance varies according to the category and therefore gravity of disability. campaign to effectively prevent GBV Female ex-combatants living with disabilities have been receiving the allowance every month and 32 supported with shelter for those belonging to category 1&2 (described as most vulnerable). On top of mandatory reintegration benefits, 100% of female ex-combatants receive vulnerability support per 70 programs 170 for education, vocational training or income generating projects. 500, 000 by 220, 4 With regard to Refugees, Ministry in charge of Emergency Management in Rwanda has developed, since its establishment in 2010, a gender sensitive strategy that aims at deploying annually “efforts to minimize the vulnerability of disadvantaged groups like women, children, and elders, 2022 336 the physically and mentally challenged. The Ministry has also developed guidelines to mainstream gender in disaster management. The Ministry recognizes the differential needs of women and 1 children during disasters. In response, it has developed a special training module for women and girls in order to build their capacity in responding to natural disasters. The module covers a range 320,336 2 240 of topics, including the role of women in managing disasters. The specific needs of women are catered for during distribution of food and non-food items. 420,33 3 310 In terms of education, the refugee students (boys and girls) have been integrated into national 6 school following the same program as national students up to 12Year Basic Education (12YBE). 4 Currently, in 2018, 49,366 7 (25,336 boys and 24,030 girls) refugee children were enrolled in 500,00 380 schools, 5,030 boys and 4,909 girls in ECD program,, 14,671 boys and 14,444 girls in Primary 0 while 5,635 boys and girls 4,677 are in secondary school. The Refugees students were assisted OP: MINISP OP:MIG PR: MIGEPR with scholastic material, school fees, and benefit from the school feeding program, sharing with EPROF, OF, OC NWC, RNP, RNP, CSO, FBOs,PS nationals the same program and related advantages. CSOs, MAJ, F, Media PR: Media CSOs, MINAL OC FBOs, Media PR: Every Every Every MIGEPR year 7 Administrative data from Ministry in Charge of Emergency Management 2018 OF year year 19 In collaboration with its partners, including Plan International and UNICEF, the ministry has created anti-GBV clubs within Kiziba, Nyabiheke and Ngarama refugee camps. Victims of SGB are also provided with rehabilitation. In order to address the rights and needs of victims of GBV, since 2009, Rwanda has established recovery centers known under their Kinyarwanda name, the „Isange‟ One Stop Centers (feel at home; feel most welcome) provide a comprehensive service package to victims of GBV, including medical, legal and psychosocial support free of charge, under the same roof. As of to date, there are 44 Isange One Stop Centers in all district hospitals throughout the country. However, some Percentage of sex, age and instruments; challenges are still undermining the functioning of these centers, such as limited funds, limited residence of training and insufficient number of service providers. Also problematic is the reintegration of GBV cases beneficiaries victims of sexual violence when they are back to their respective communities. prosecuted Percentage of

2.5 Women’s promotion and gender mainstreaming in Rwanda’s Foreign Service, regional Train local duty bearers on GBV In 2016, change in GBV and international cooperation data collection, analysis and 5.3% cases reported to reporting process; conduct decrease sensitization campaigns on the compared advantages of effective GBV to GBV The evaluation of the implementation of the first NAP for the UNSCR 1325 suggests that little has reporting; cases the police reported in so far been done to mainstream gender in Rwanda‟s Foreign Service, particularly the involvement Conduct air radio programs on 2015 GBV reporting process and of women in regional and international peace processes. Similarly, it is not clear whether there is a advantages Compile and analyze cases of 2798 cases plan to constitute a data bank of women with special training and skills for conflict prevention and GBV prosecuted to draw from 2811 management while this is a core dimension of the UNSCR 1325. relevant lessons for a better cases response; received (99%) Train a pool of lawyers, were However, representation of women in diplomatic sector, at the high commissioners stands at prosecutors and judges on GBV prosecuted law and policy; in the 17percent and 32% Female Ambassadors in 2018. In its current state, Rwanda‟s foreign policy fiscal year appears gender neutral. 31 Educate the population 2015/2016 (community meetings and media programs) on the legal consequences of committing With regard to the Civil Society, an GBV The evaluation of the implementation of the first NAP encouraging move has been taken. 100% of 100% 5% increase 5% for the UNSCR 1325 suggests that little has so far been Rwandese women organizations GBV cases done to mainstream gender in Rwanda‟s Foreign have actively participated in the referred to creation and the development of the per year Service. Today, it is not clear whether there is a strategy courts Regional Women Forum (RWF). to increase the number of women in regional and prosecuted The RWF has been able to secure every year international peace processes. The Rwandan foreign space for advocacy and to voice women‟s issues in all ICGLR key 100% 10% and cooperation policy appears gender neutral. events. 100% 15% In particular the RWF has successfully advocated for women representation in the ICGLR regional committee on fighting illegal exploitation of natural resources; the organization of a special session on SGBV at the 4th Ordinary Summit of the Heads of State; the launch of the Zero Tolerance 100% 20% Campaign on SGBV; and the institutionalization of the Gender Unit. Interviewed stakeholders also agreed that the RWF has allowed women in the Region to develop a common vision and agenda, OP: PR: Annuall OP: ILPD, MIGEPR ST, and to keep an open door for dialogue, despite the conflicts in the Region. MAJ, Bar OF, Associati on, LAF GMO, NISR, RBA, GMO & y and other CSOs CSOs CSOs PR: RNP Annuall 20 NPPA & NPPA y III. OVERVIEW OF RWANDA NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE UNSCR 1325 2.1: Number of PILLAR II: PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND INCREASE THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN CONFLICT Output1.3 women’s Output (2018-2022) representation in Increased public awareness The evaluation of the First NAP highlighted a number of challenges that still need to be addressed. leadership of The most commonly referred to were: economic structures awareness on GBV sessions  Limited and irregular follow ups and measurements of the NAP related activities; PREVENTION increased  Out-dated evaluation; issues at all levels conducted at  Inconsistent and sometimes inexistent documentation of activities by a number of Number of stakeholders; women in community level  Non-integration of the NAP in stakeholders‟ action plans which made it difficult to strategic positions Outcome 2: Percentage of Conduct a research on people‟s Women‟s 4% annual PR: Every distinguish between achievements that are attributable to the NAP and those which were of economic disaggregated by structures not. Males: Conduct a survey to identify Women Rwanda‟s second Plan for the implementation of the UNSCR 1325 and subsequent resolutions Increased efforts people who attitudes on spousal violence, accommod increase CCM & five 56.4% women holding strategic owners of aims at achieving on five outcome-objectives: Organize community meetings 21  Meaningful and increased participation of women at decision-making levels in all positions in economic structures SMEs: 27% targeting GBV and related institutions and mechanisms of governance, in particular at local levels; and involvement of changed attitude SGBV and on the role of women ation to CGS years Women in instruments;  Effective prevention of SGBV at the local level managerial  Effective and operational Isange One Stop Centres across the country that provide free Air programs on national and and comprehensive services to SGBV victims; community radio stations and and board women in conflict on spousal in conflict management at the their  Increased accountability for gender in humanitarian assistance including disarmament 30 TV on GBV and related positions and demobilization programs and economic reconstruction efforts in post-conflict PSF: 38.6% countries;  Policy frameworks to support effective participation of women in regional and management, violence and local level husband‟s 48% 52% 56% 60% 64% MIGEPR 5 national- 26 SMEs: 30% _ wide raising Women in international peace processes are in place. managerial community and board awareness positions campaigns PSF: 42% violence mitigation SGBV violence: OF, As Rwanda moves into the second generation of the NAP, these lessons observed in the previous phase need to be taken into consideration. The proposed result framework as well as coordination 31 40% 28% and monitoring mechanisms take into account all the above-mentioned shortcomings. and SGBV disaggregated by Females: 60% 64% 68% 72% 76% NISR,

3.1 Overview of the RNAP Development Process 36 41% 29% The development of RNAP began in 2015 and used a participatory process that included nationwide consultations with government representatives, civil society, research institutions, prevention at local sex and age 43.6% NWC 41 42% 30% bilateral and multilateral partners. The result is a comprehensive document that takes into account the lived realities of Rwandan women and men, as well as the current country situation. A number of recommendations stemmed from this consultative process that has shaped the RNAP. It was OP: PR: Every OP: PR: PSF RCA, BNR, Access also fed by the 2015 evaluation of the Plan by GMO. In addition, other data collection techniques MINIJU to level Finance include desk review that made use of quantitative and qualitative sources from national, regional MIGEPR year Rwanda and global policy instruments, reports training materials, public statements, funding and policy Every OF two years directives. One-to-one and group interviews were conducted with members of the NAP Steering 21 Committee, and a wide range of stakeholders and experts in the field. In addition, participants‟ observation method was used also, particularly two roundtable discussions organised by MIGEPROF to discuss the WPS agenda, documentary analysis and analysis of findings against review.

3.2 RNAP Pillar Objectives In the coming 5-year period (2018-2022), Rwanda‟s WPS agenda will address five overarching pillars: (1) Participation and Leadership of Women in Decision-Making; (2) Prevention of Percentage of Number and percentage women in Violence against Women and Involvement in Conflict Prevention; (3) Protection from Violence; women with leadership special skills to (4) Equal Access to Means of Relief, Economic Recovery and Rehabilitation and; (5) Women‟s positions in participate Promotion and Gender Mainstreaming in Rwanda‟s Foreign Service and International and meaningfully in security sector peace keeping Regional Cooperation. organs missions Create a database and update RNP: 16% At least Map the existing special skills 446 (Police) 650 Pillar I: Participation and Leadership of Women in Decision-Making figures on women in leadership of the total 26% of the 18% Women are essential partners in building peace and creating stable and peaceful societies. positions in security organs police force total police (conflict analysis, prevention They play a powerful role in preventing violence from occurring. Yet, women’s contribution is often overlooked in formal conflict prevention activities. Ensuring women’s active are females force are involvement in state building helps lay the foundations for an environment that supports females by and GBV) to meaningfully women and girls’ human rights and gender equality. Participation goes beyond political participation, and includes civil, social and economic participation too. Under this pillar, 2022 15% the Government of Rwanda will expand the potential for an inclusive society and sustainable RCS: 419 participate in peace keeping development by continuing to champion women’s active and meaningful participation in all peace and security matters. This will involve taking a longer-term grassroots perspective, (24.7%); At least 29 addressing the underlying causes of barriers to women’s formal participation, through 12.5% in 25% of missions giving them the space and opportunities to build their skills and networks and to work with men to influence decision-making. leadership females in positions leadership Outcome Objective: Meaningful and increased participation of women at decision- making levels in all institutions and mechanisms of governance, in particular at local positions by levels 2022 480 Output Objectives:  Increased and influence of women in local governance institutions 18% 20% 550 mechanisms  Increased participation and influence of women at strategic levels in the forces (defence, police and correctional services); 22% 22% 600  Mechanisms for women’s participation in economic structures are strengthened 25% 26% 650 Annuall PR: Annuall OP: MoD, MINIJU RNP, ST, RDF RNP, RCS, RDF, y MoD & y CCM RCS, CCM and RPA PR: Every RNP & MINIJU MIGEPR two OF, years 22 RCS ST Pillar II: Prevention of Violence against Women and Involvement in Conflict Output 1.1: Percentage of Review and compile relevant Central Prevention Women's increased women in administrative data and records; government representation in government : Peacebuilding requires an awareness of how men and women together can better contribute strategic elective and Appointed: to sustainable peace and security. Taking action to promote the role of women in peace and governance appointed cabinet:40% security requires that they are prevented from SGBV. The Government of Rwanda will seek structures and positions in PSs:31.6% to improve intervention strategies in the prevention of violence against women, including mechanisms at central and local Ambassader engaging more substantially the community and especially men as well as strengthening central and local governance s:22.6% community institutional capacities to prevent violence. levels strengthened (targeting those who are currently Elected: Outcome Objective: Increased efforts in conflict and SGBV prevention at the local level below 30%) Local government Output Objectives: : Mayors:16.  Increased public awareness on GBV issues 7%,  Improved accountability mechanisms for GBV at the local level VMEco:  Gender responsive early warning and conflict prevention mechanisms 17% established Abunzi:: 45 % Output1.2 Existence and Map existing expertise in peace None Pillar III: Protection From Violence Women’s capacity functionality of and security among women at in leadership, the pool of national level; Protecting the human rights of women and girls is essential to building states that are peace and security women experts in responsive to all of their citizens, ensuring everyone is included in economic and social 28 enhanced peace and establish a national pool of development, and to creating more equal societies. Furthermore, the vast majority of security matters women with expertise in peace casualties in today’s wars are among civilians, mostly women and children. Under this and security matters pillar, the Government of Rwanda will strengthen and enhance multi-sectorial services at all levels that protect women and girls’ safety, physical and mental health, education and The pool of _ Elected: Cabinet LGs: Mayors: 50% economic security. experts 30% VMEco: PSs:31.6 Ambas: established 25% Abunzi:50 30% Outcome Objective: Effective and operational Isange One Stop Centres across the % and operational _ country that provide free and comprehensive services to SGBV victims Output Objectives: _ Cabinet 45%  Improved capacity of the legal/justice sector in the management of sexual PS:40% Ambas: 28% violence cases;  Increased accountability of IOSCs in providing timely and comprehensive services The _ pool of experts establis hed Pillar IV: Equal Access to Means of Relief, Economic Recovery and Rehabilitation Electe RLRC, d LGs: CSOs Women and girls face specific challenges during humanitarian settings and emergencies; Cabine PR: Mayor s: 30% t: 50% GMO they are often the main users of public services as a result of their domestic and care PS:43. OP: VMEc 4% OP: responsibilities, including sexual and reproductive services. In addition, women and o:: Ambas NEC, MoD, 25% : 30% NISR, children make up the vast majority of displaced and vulnerable populations and are MINIJU Abunzi RGB, ST, RDF: 50 % RALGA particularly vulnerable to hunger, disease, sexual and gender-based violence and forced The PR: Once in prostitution. This pillar seeks to strengthen Rwanda supported humanitarian response and pool of MIGEPR five Every experts OF, years five operati year onal 23 efforts in accordance with security needs and priorities of women, girls and the refugee Frequency communities at large. Reporting Once OP: every RGB, Outcome Objective: Increased accountability for gender in humanitarian assistance of two years MIGEPR OF, CSOs including disarmament and demobilization programs and economic reconstruction PR: Once and collection & data GMO every Responsible efforts in Rwanda responsible two MIGEPR years 10 PR: OF MINIJU for other (PR OP) NWC ST RGB, Output Objectives: 2021/2022  Functional mechanisms for relief, recovery and rehabilitation of women refugees in Rwanda; 82% 40%  Gender integrated programs for inclusion and participation of women in 2020/2021 humanitarian, early recovery, relief and peace building programs are 73% 36% established  Reinforce response mechanisms and structures for women's access to socio- 2019/2020 economic services and rights Pillar V: Women’s Promotion and Gender Mainstreaming in Rwanda’s Foreign PILLAR 1: PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN IN DECISION-MAKING Service and International and Regional Cooperation 2018/19 Outcome 1: Percentage of Conduct community 62.1% At least 70% 72% This pillar provides a distinctive dimension to RNAP that seeks to share with neighbouring states and African regions and sub-regions some of the successful approaches as well as Improved men and women sensitization sessions targeting 80% best practices to championing the WPS agenda. Under this pillar, Rwanda will strengthen its advocacy and diplomacy ties with the EAC, EASF, ICGLR, AU and UN forums; UNSCR Target community and who perceive men on women‟s legitimacy to work will be reflected through the work of many of its divisions including Rwanda’s Permanent Missions to the UN in New York and the AU. civic understanding women as equally hold leadership positions; Baseline Value of women's legitimate and 27 Outcome Objective: Policy frameworks to support effective participation of women in regional and international peace processes are developed credibility in effective leaders Document and broadcast gains 10 PR stands for Primary responsible while OS stands for Other Partners Output Objectives: leadership positions as men originating from women‟s role  Institutional capacity is strengthened to ensure that commitments to UNSCR 1325 and related resolutions are incorporated and acted upon IV. RNAP RESULTS FRAMEWORK (2018 - 2022) in leadership roles  Inclusion and active engagement of women in regional and international mechanisms and forums for conflict prevention, management and peace Level of women's Conduct a perception survey 0.3 At least 31% 32% building  Strengthened responsiveness of Rwandan forces to address SGBV. Activities perception on the among women on the quality 40%  Research and documentation carried out to understand the needs of women and girls within the WPS agenda

3.3 Coordination, monitoring, Evaluation and reporting of the RNAP quality and and impact of gender legal, Coordination impact of gender policy and institutional Indicators Effective coordination will be necessary for successful implementation of the RNAP at local and related legal frameworks in Rwanda national levels. The MIGEPROF, as the institution responsible for the promotion of gender equality and women‟s empowerment in national development, will provide overall coordination of instruments and the RNAP. The Ministry will liaise with all stakeholders to ensure that the expected outcomes of Objective Hierarchy the RNAP are realised. institutional Overall coordination of RNAP work will be carried out through the Ministry‟s National Working 24 frameworks such as the Swedish address Group, under which two specific National Technical Working Groups (TWGs) fall, namely the Embassy, DFID, the challenges Gender and Women Empowerment and the Child and Family Protection and Promotion. These World - Country two are the major organs of the Ministry that ensure overall coordination of the work under the Bank, UN Women, CSOs progress Ministry. In order to avoid duplication of roles, the two TWGs will also oversee the coordination such as PFTH, CARE and reporting of RNAP related activities and provide overall guidance to RNAP actors. The following are the individual experts on the - Linkages with core functions of the TWGs related to RNAP: UNSCR 1325 framework. the 2 TWGs 1) Providing strategic direction and ensuring result-oriented management and accountability to all RNAP stakeholders; 2) Resource mobilization towards the implementation of the RNAP; Monitoring and Evaluation 3) Developing and guiding all processes in the design of the mechanisms to implement the RNAP, including stakeholders‟ individual action plans; The RNAP is a living document; therefore yearly action plans will be developed, monitored and 4) Developing monitoring and evaluation frameworks and tools; reported on in relation to the RNAP‟s five pillars. A comprehensive M&E framework will be 5) Monitoring and evaluating the implementation/progress of the RNAP by all stakeholders. elaborated by TWGs with clear indicators and milestones against which progress will be assessed. Regular monitoring will also enable stakeholders to update, improve and adapt the action plans as The coordination mechanism seeks to address three major challenges observed during the contexts change. implementation period of the previous NAP (2009 – 2012), namely (i) irregular follow up and outdated evaluation; (ii) insufficient and sometimes inexistent documentation of activities by a A standardized tool for collection and reporting of disaggregated data will be developed and number of stakeholders which makes it difficult to measure the progress achieved over the NAP shared with stakeholders to enable them to feed their data into the tool and provide progress of period; and (iii) limited integration of the NAP in stakeholders‟ action plans. 8 From a visual their activities on a quarterly basis. Online software will be an effective and speedy tool for perspective, coordination of the RNAP is made of two complementary and inclusive structures as reporting by stakeholders. MIGEPROF will be in charge of collating the reports and managing the displayed in the table below. software. Once data is collated, Friends of 1325 Group will meet on a quarterly basis to analyze RNAP coordination mechanism progress against the set targets. Structure Composition Chair Core Functions Assembling Achievements, challenges and recommendations will be recorded on a semi-annual basis and The MIGEPROF, Honorable - Overall Twice a year presented to the Steering Committee for policy actions where necessary. Other tools shall also be Steering MINAFFET, MoD, Minister of coordination 9 used, such as an online newsletter posted on MIGEPROF website and other relevant online Committee MINIJUST, MINALOC, MIGEPROF and monitoring platforms for mobilization, awareness raising and gathering momentum for collective action. An MINECOFIN, MoH, of the external consultant will be hired on an annual basis to document achievements, challenges and GMO, FFRP, NWC, implementation lessons learned against the annual action plan. The report will be written using UN reporting NPPA, RNP, RIB,RCS, formats and index to comply with the global reporting standards. The report produced will serve as NURC, NHRC, Rwanda - Strategic an accountability and advocacy tool by both Government and civil society at the national, regional Demobilization and direction and and global levels. Reintegration decision making Commission (RDRC), The TWGs and will meet once every quarter to discuss progress made by all actors, identify CCM, UN Women, the bottlenecks and suggest timely corrective measures based on RNAP progress reports. The Gender ICGLR National Monitoring Office, a member of the National Gender Machinery and an organ responsible for Coordination Mechanism, monitoring the implementation of international and regional commitments, will oversee the regular Pro-Femmes Twese and systematic review of progress against the stated pillar objectives as set out in the Plan, Hamwe, CLADHO and including the publication of independent progress reports two years after the adoption of the the Media High Council RNAP and at the end of Plan timeline. Lessons and challenges learnt will be shared with other Friends of Ministries and Rotating on - Assessing Quarterly countries, regional forums such as the East African Community, the International Conference on 1325 Government Institutions a quarterly progress made, the Great Lakes Region, the African Union among others with the aim to contribute to the Group including MIGEPROF, basis challenges and advancement of frameworks for the women, peace and security agenda. GMO,RIB RNP, Donors strategies to 8 The Gender Monitoring Office, 2015, Evaluation of the Implementation of the 2009-2012 National Action Plan for UNSCR 1325. 9 The composition and functions of the Steering Committee will be the same as those of the first framework 26 25